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Khatron Ke Khiladi (TV series)

2026-05-07T10:14:53Z

Vikifzj: Creating New Post

{{short description|Indian stunt based reality television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Khatron Ke Khiladi Logo.jpg
| caption =
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Action film|Action]]
* [[Reality]]
}}
| director =
| creative_director =
| presenter = [[Akshay Kumar]] (Seasons 1, 2, 4) [[Priyanka Chopra]] (Season 3) [[Rohit Shetty]] (Seasons 5–6, 8–14) [[Arjun Kapoor]] (Season 7)
| starring = [[#Series overview|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 14
| num_episodes = 262 
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = around 120 minutes
| company = {{Plainlist|
* [[Sphere Origins]] (season 1)
* [[Endemol|Endemol Shine India]] (season 2— season 14)
}}
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2008|7|21}}
| last_aired = present 
| related = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]''
}}
| network =
| channel = [[Colors TV]]
| location = {{Plainlist|
* [[South Africa]] (Season 1–2, 4–6, 11–13)
* [[Brazil]] (Season 3)
* [[Argentina]] (Seasons 7, 9)
* [[Spain]] (Season 8)
* [[Bulgaria]] (Season 10)
* [[Romania]] (Season 14)
}}
| based_on = ''[[Fear Factor]]''
}}

'''''Khatron Ke Khiladi''''' ({{Translation|''Players of Danger''}}), marketed as '''''Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi''''', is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language stunt-based reality television series based on the American series ''[[Fear Factor]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/29602507.cms|title=Meet the contestants of Fear Factor-Khatron Ke Khiladi 5|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 January 2014}}</ref> First launched as ''Fear Factor India'' on [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]], the format was sold by Endemol's domestic division after the second season to [[Colors TV]], becoming ''Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi'' on 21 July 2008. A [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] of the main series ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi: Made in India]]'' was launched on 1 August 2020 where contestants from previous years participated.

In April 2025, the production company of the show, [[Banijay Entertainment]], pulled out from producing the show at the last minute, leaving its future uncertain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-11 |title=Exclusive: Banijay exits Khatron Ke Khiladi, future of new season uncertain |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/banijay-asia-exits-khatron-ke-khiladi-rohit-shetty-orry-munawar-faruqui-2707719-2025-04-11 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Series overview==
{{Series Overview
| auxA = Host
| infoA = Contestants
| infoB = Winner
| infoC = Runner-up
| auxD = Destination
| color1 = #C70039
| link1 = #Season 1
| auxA1 = [[Akshay Kumar]]
| infoA1 = 12
| infoB1 = [[Nethra Raghuraman]]
| infoC1 = [[Urvashi Sharma]]
| auxD1 = [[South Africa]]
| episodes1 = 16
| start1 = {{start date|df=yes|2008|07|21}}
| end1 = {{end date|df=yes|2008|08|14}}
| infoB2 = [[Anushka Manchanda]]
| infoC2 = [[Jesse Randhawa]]
| infoA2 = 13
| color2 = #8FBC8B
| link2 = #Season 2
| episodes2 = 16
| start2 = {{start date|df=yes|2009|09|07}}
| end2 = {{end date|df=yes|2009|10|01}}
| color3 = #FF52AF
| link3 = #Season 3
| auxA3 = [[Priyanka Chopra]]
| infoA3 = 13
| infoB3 = [[Shabir Ahluwalia]]
| infoC3 = [[Ritwik Bhattacharya]]
| auxD3 = [[Brazil]]
| episodes3 = 16
| start3 = {{start date|df=yes|2010|09|06}}
| end3 = {{end date|df=yes|2010|09|30}}
| color4 = #3B50AE
| link4 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4
| auxA4 = [[Akshay Kumar]]
| infoA4 = 13
| infoB4 = [[Aarti Chhabria]]
| infoC4 = [[Mauli Dave]]
| auxD4 = [[South Africa]]
| episodes4 = 16
| start4 = {{start date|df=yes|2011|06|03}}
| end4 = {{end date|df=yes|2011|07|23}}
| color5 = #57575A
| link5 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5
| auxA5 = [[Rohit Shetty]]
| infoA5 = 17
| infoB5 = [[Rajneesh Duggal]]
| infoC5 = [[Gurmeet Choudhary]]
| episodes5 = 20
| start5 = {{start date|df=yes|2014|03|22}}
| end5 = {{end date|df=yes|2014|05|25}}
| color6 = #FF900F
| link6 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 6
| infoA6 = 15
| infoB6 = [[Aashish Chaudhary]]
| infoC6 = [[Meiyang Chang]]
| episodes6 = 20
| start6 = {{start date|df=yes|2015|02|07}}
| end6 = {{end date|df=yes|2015|04|12}}
| color7 = #FFD700
| link7 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7
| auxA7 = [[Arjun Kapoor]]
| infoA7 = 15
| infoB7 = [[Sidharth Shukla]]
| infoC7 = [[Sana Saeed]]
| auxD7 = [[Argentina]]
| episodes7 = 20
| start7 = {{start date|df=yes|2016|01|30}}
| end7 = {{end date|df=yes|2016|04|3}}
| color8 = #008080
| link8 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8
| auxA8 = [[Rohit Shetty]]
| infoA8 = 12
| infoB8 = [[Shantanu Maheshwari]]
| infoC8 = [[Hina Khan]]
| auxD8 = [[Spain]]
| episodes8 = 21
| start8 = {{start date|df=yes|2017|07|22}}
| end8 = {{end date|df=yes|2017|09|30}}
| color9 = #BC8F8F
| link9 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9
| infoA9 = 12
| infoB9 = [[Punit Pathak]]
| infoC9 = [[Aditya Narayan]]
| auxD9 = [[Argentina]]
| episodes9 = 20
| start9 = {{start date|df=yes|2019|01|5}}
| end9 = {{end date|df=yes|2019|03|10}}
| link10 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10
| episodes10 = 22
| color10 = #3CB371
| start10 = {{start date|df=yes|2020|02|22}}
| end10 = {{end date|df=yes|2020|07|26}}
| infoA10 = 10
| infoB10 = [[Karishma Tanna]]
| infoC10 = [[Karan Patel]]
| auxD10 = [[Bulgaria]]
| color11 = black
| link11 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11
| infoA11 = 13
| infoB11 = [[Arjun Bijlani]]
| infoC11 = [[Divyanka Tripathi]]
| auxD11 = [[South Africa]]
| episodes11 = 22
| start11 = {{start date|df=yes|2021|07|17}}
| end11 = {{end date|df=yes|2021|09|26}}
| color12 = #DE5D83
| link12 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 12
| infoA12 = 14
| infoB12 = [[Tushar Kalia]]
| infoC12 = Faisal Shaikh
| episodes12 = 26
| start12 = {{start date|df=yes|2022|7|2}}
| end12 = {{end date|df=yes|2022|9|25}}
| color13 = blue
| link13 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13
| infoA13 = 14
| infoB13 = Dino James
| infoC13 = [[Arjit Taneja]]
| episodes13 = 27
| start13 = {{start date|df=yes|2023|7|15}}
| end13 = {{end date|df=yes|2023|10|14}}
| color14 = cyan
| link14 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 14
| infoA14 = 12
| infoB14 = [[Karan Veer Mehra]]
| infoC14 = [[Krishna Shroff]]
| auxD14 = [[Romania]]
| episodes14 = 20
| start14 = {{start date|df=yes|2024|07|27}}
| end14 = {{end date|df=yes|2024|09|29}}
}}

===Spin-off===
{{Series Overview
| auxA = Host
| infoA = Contestants
| infoB = Winner
| infoC = Runner-up
| infoD = Destination
| color1 = #002e2e
| link1 = Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India
| auxA1 = [[Farah Khan]] [[Rohit Shetty]]
| infoA1 = 9
| infoB1 = {{nowrap| [[Nia Sharma]]}}
| infoC1 = {{nowrap| [[Karan Wahi]]}}
| infoD1 = [[India]]
| episodes1 = 10
| start1 = {{start date|df=yes|2020|08|01}}
| end1 = {{end date|df=yes|2020|08|30}}
}}

==Season 1==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 1
| bgcolour = #B1121A 
| image = FearFactorKhatronKeKhiladiLogo.png
| image_alt =
| caption = Title screen
| starring =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Akshay Kumar]]
| num_contestants = 15
| winner = [[Nethra Raghuraman]]
| runner_up = [[Urvashi Sharma]]
}}
| num_episodes = 16
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2008|7|21}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2008|8|14}}
| next_season = [[#Season 2|Season 2]]
}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 1''' was hosted by [[Akshay Kumar]]. [[Nethra Raghuraman]] was declared the winner of the season.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" | Contestants
! Occupation
! Status
! Place
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Nethra Raghuraman]]
| Actress
| {{Won|Winner}}
| 1
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Urvashi Sharma]]
| Actress
| {{Runner-up|1st runner-up}}
| 2
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Aditi Govitrikar]]
| Model
| bgcolor="#7FFFD4"| 2nd runner-up
| 3
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Pooja Bedi]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 4
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Yana Gupta]]
| rowspan="2" | Model
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 5
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Sonali Kulkarni]]
| rowspan="2" | Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 6
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Anjana Sukhani]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 7
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Meghna Naidu]]
| rowspan="2" | Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 8
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Dipannita Sharma]]
| rowspan="2" | Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 9
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Anita Hassanandani]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 10
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| Tapur Chatterjee
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 11
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| Tupur Chatterjee
| Model
| {{Eliminated}}
| 12
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Vidya Malvade|Vidya Malavade]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 13
|}
:{{Color box|#D0FF14|border=darkgray}} Indicates original entrants
:{{Color box|#B2FFFF|border=darkgray}} Indicates re-entered entrants

==Season 2==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 2
| bgcolour = #F5ED0A
| image = Khatron_Ke_Khiladi_2.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Title screen
| starring =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Akshay Kumar]]
| num_contestants = 14
| winner = [[Anushka Manchanda]]
| runner_up = [[Jesse Randhawa]]
}}
| num_episodes = 16
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2009|9|7}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2009|10|1}}
| prev_season = [[#Season 1|Season 1]]
| next_season = [[#Season 3|Season 3]]
}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 2''' was hosted by [[Akshay Kumar]]. [[Anushka Manchanda]] was declared the winner of the season.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" | Contestants
! Occupation
! Status
! Place
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Anushka Manchanda]]
| Singer
| {{Won|Winner}}
| 1
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Jesse Randhawa]]
| Model
| {{Runner-up|1st runner-up}}
| 2
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Carol Gracias]]
| rowspan="2" | Model
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 3
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| bgcolor="#7FFFD4"| 2nd runner-up
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | Rosa Catalano
| rowspan="2" | Model
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 4
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Nauheed Cyrusi]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 5
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Shonali Nagrani]]
| rowspan="2" | Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 6
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Bruna Abdullah]]
| rowspan="2" | Model
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 7
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| Pooja Misrra
| VJ
| {{Eliminated}}
| 8
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Sonika Kaliraman]]
| Wrestler
| {{Eliminated}}
| 9
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Shweta Salve|Shveta Salve]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 10
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Mandira Bedi]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 11
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Rupali Ganguly]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 12
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| Pia Trivedi
| Model
| {{Eliminated}}
| 13
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Sushama Reddy|Sushma Reddy]]
| Actress
| {{Eliminated}}
| 14
|}
:{{Color box|#D0FF14|border=darkgray}} Indicates original entrants
:{{Color box|#B2FFFF|border=darkgray}} Indicates re-entered entrants

==Season 3==
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 3
| bgcolour = #FF52AF 
| image = Khatron_Ke_Khiladi_3.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Title screen
| starring =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Priyanka Chopra]]
| num_contestants = 13
| winner = [[Shabir Ahluwalia]]
| runner_up = [[Ritwik Bhattacharya]]
}}
| num_episodes = 16
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2010|9|6}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2010|9|30}}
| prev_season = [[#Season 2|Season 2]]
| next_season = [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4|Season 4]]
}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 3''' was hosted by [[Priyanka Chopra]]. [[Shabir Ahluwalia]] was declared the winner of the season.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" | Contestants
! Occupation
!Partner
! Status
! Place
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Shabir Ahluwalia]]
| Actor
| Sushma Gupta
| {{Won|Winner}}
| 1
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Ritwik Bhattacharya]]
| Squash player
| Avni
| {{Runner-up|1st runner-up}}
| 2
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Dino Morea]]
| Actor
| [[Madhurima Tuli]]
| bgcolor="#7FFFD4" | 2nd runner-up
| 3
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Milind Soman]]
| rowspan="2" | Model
| rowspan="2" | Ritisha
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 4
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Manjot Singh]]
| rowspan="2" | Actor
| rowspan="2" | Andressa
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 5
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Abhishek Kapoor]]
| Producer
| Susheel
| {{Eliminated}}
| 6
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Rahul Bose]]
| Actor
| Annie Gill
| {{Eliminated}}
| 7
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]]
| Dancer
| Ananya Kapoor
| {{Eliminated}}
| 8
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Karan Singh Grover]]
| rowspan="2" | Actor
| rowspan="2" | Aarti
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 9
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Cyrus Broacha]]
| rowspan="2" | VJ
| rowspan="2" | Freisha
| {{Eliminated}}
| rowspan="2" | 10
|-
| style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
| {{Eliminated}}
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Armaan Ebrahim]]
| Car Racer
| [[Madhura Naik]]
| {{Eliminated}}
| 11
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Rahul Dev]]
| Actor
| Kavita Sachdev
| {{Eliminated}}
| 12
|-
| style="background:#D0FF14;" |
| [[Angad Bedi]]
| Model
| Mittal
| {{Eliminated}}
| 13
|}
:{{Color box|#D0FF14|border=darkgray}} Indicates original entrants
:{{Color box|#B2FFFF|border=darkgray}} Indicates re-entered entrants

==Season 4==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4}}

'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 4''' was hosted by [[Akshay Kumar]]. The tagline for this season was "Torchaar 4". [[Aarti Chhabria]] was declared the winner of the season.

==Season 5==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5}}

'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 5''' was hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]] The tagline for this season was "Darr Ka Blockbuster". [[Rajneesh Duggal]] was declared the winner of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140422/entertainment-tvmusic/article/have-learnt-face-my-fears-khatron-ke-khiladi-rajniesh-duggall|title=Have learnt to face my fears in 'Khatron Ke Khiladi': Rajniesh Duggall|website=Deccan Chronicle|date=22 April 2014}}</ref>

==Season 6==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 6}}

'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 6''' was hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The tagline for this season was "Darr Ka Blockbuster Returns". [[Aashish Chaudhary]] was declared the winner of the season.

==Season 7==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7}}

'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 7''' was hosted by [[Arjun Kapoor]]. The tagline for this season was "Kabhi पीड़ा Kabhi कीड़ा in Argentina". [[Sidharth Shukla]] was declared the winner of the season.

==Season 8==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 8''' was hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The tagline for this season was "Pain in Spain". [[Shantanu Maheshwari]] was declared the winner of the season.

==Season 9==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 9''' was hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]].<ref name="kkk9">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/khatron-ke-khiladi-is-back-contestants-include-vikas-gupta-bharti-singh-haarsh-limbachiyaa-1882199|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi Is Back. Contestants Include Vikas Gupta, Aditya Narayan, Bharti Singh, Haarsh Limbachiyaa|date=12 July 2018}}</ref> The tagline for this season was "Jigar Pe Trigger". [[Punit Pathak]] was declared as winner of the season.

==Season 10==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 10''' was hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The tagline for this season was "Jahaan Darr Lega Class Aur Dega Trass". The telecast was postponed for 3 months due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Week 7 episodes started from 27 June. [[Karishma Tanna]] was declared as the winner of the season 10.

==Season 11==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 11''' was hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The tagline for this season was "Darr VS Dare". [[Arjun Bijlani]] was declared as winner of the season.

==Season 12==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 12}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 12''' is hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The tagline for this season was "Bach Ke Kahan Jayega? Khatra Kahin Se Bhi Aayega!". The show premiered on 2 July 2022, on [[Colors TV]]. [[Tushar Kalia]] was declared as winner of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tushar-kalia-wins-khatron-ke-khiladi-12-beats-faisal-shaikh-and-mohit-malik-see-photos-8171539/|title=Tushar Kalia wins Khatron Ke Khiladi 12, beats Faisal Shaikh and Mohit Malik. See photos|date=25 September 2022}}</ref>

==Season 13==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 '''is hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The tagline for this season was "Iss Baar Har Level, Darr Next Level". The show premiered on 15 July 2023, on [[Colors TV]]. Spanning over 27 episodes, it is the longest season of the series since its inception. Dino James was declared as winner of the season.

==Season 14==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 14}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 14''' is hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-14-rohit-shettys-show-to-be-shot-in-romania-this-year-9286207/ | title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 14: Rohit Shetty's show to be shot in Romania; Abhishek Kumar, Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia, Shoaib Ibrahim to participate | date=23 April 2024 }}</ref> The tagline for this season is "Darr Ki Nayi Kahaaniyaan In Romania".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.viacom18.com/media/danger-tainment-returns-colors-khatron-ke-khiladi-gears-up-to-script-darr-ki-nayi-kahaaniyaa-in-romania/ | title=Colors }}</ref> The show premiered on 27 July 2024, on [[Colors TV]] and digitally on [[JioCinema]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-khatron-ke-khiladi-14-contestants/20240514.htm | title=Meet the Khatron Ke Khiladi 14 Contestants }}</ref>[[Karan Veer Mehra]] was declared as the winner of the season.

== Season 15 ==
{{main|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 15}}
'''Khatron Ke Khiladi 15''' is hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. The tagline for this season is "Darr Ka Naya Daur". The show is scheduled to premiere on July 2026, on [[Colors TV]] and digitally on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 15 confirmed contestants list: Gaurav Khanna, Rubina Dilaik, Karan Wahi join Rohit Shetty show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-15-confirmed-contestant-list-gaurav-khanna-rubina-dilaik-karan-wahi-10668708/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable text align:center"
|-
!Contestants
!Position
!Ref.
|-
|[[Avinash Mishra]]
|
|
|-
|[[Avika Gor]]
|
|
|-
|[[Farrhana Bhatt]]
|
|
|-
|[[Gaurav Khanna]]
|
|
|-
|Harsh Gujral
|
|
|-
|[[Jasmin Bhasin]]
|
|
|-
|[[Karan Wahi]]
|
|
|-
|Orhan Awatramani
|
|
|-
|[[Rithvik Dhanjani]]
|
|
|-
|[[Rubina Dilaik]]
|
|
|-
|[[Shagun Sharma]]
|
|
|-
|[[Vishal Aditya Singh]]
|
|
|-
|[[Ruhanika Dhawan]]
|
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://www.voot.com/shows/khatron-ke-khiladi/ ''Khatron Ke Khiladi''] on [[Voot]]

{{Colors Programmes}}
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
[[Category:Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi| ]]
[[Category:Fear Factor]]
[[Category:2000s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on American television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2008 Indian television series debuts]]

Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq

2026-05-06T23:00:00Z

Vikifzj: Created Initial Entry Needs Work

{{Short description|Pakistani memorial day}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq
| type = national
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| official_name =
| nickname = Marka-e-Haq Day
| observedby = [[Pakistan]]
| litcolor =
| longtype =
| significance = Celebrates the military successes of the [[2025 India-Pakistan conflict]]
| begins =
| ends =
| date = 10 May
| scheduling = same day each year
| duration = 1 day
| frequency = Annual
| celebrations =
| observances = Wreath laying ceremonies, concerts, parades
| relatedto =
}}

'''Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq''' ({{langx|ur|یومِ معرکہ حق|lit=Day of the Battle of Truth}}), is [[Pakistan]]'s official day of remembrance for the [[2025 India-Pakistan conflict]] (locally known as Marka-e-Haq). Observed on 10 May each year, the national day commemorates the successful completion of a combined military operation codenamed '''Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos''' against India amidst the [[2025 India-Pakistan crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/25-May-2025/youm-e-marka-e-haq |date=2025-05-25 |website=The Nation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM announces Youm-i-Marka-i-Haq to be observed every year on success of Operation Bunyanum Marsoos |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1910578 |date=2025-05-12 |website=Dawn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM announces observing Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq every year on May 10 |url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/883675-pm-announces-observing-youmemarkaehaq-every-year-on-may-10- |date=2025-05-12 |website=Dunya News}}</ref>

==Background==
A brief armed conflict between India and [[Pakistan]] began on 7 May 2025, after India launched missile strikes on Pakistan. While India stated it had targeted alleged terrorist camps, the strikes killed 31 people and injured 57 including women and children. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Where did India hit Pakistan? Mapping Operation Sindoor and border strikes |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/7/where-did-india-hit-pakistan-mapping-operation-sindoor-and-border-strikes |date=2025-05-07 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What we know about India's strikes on Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj6868pdpw4o |date=2025-05-07 |website=BBC}}</ref> In retaliation, the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] launched a combined military operation codenamed ''Operation Bunyan ul Marsoos'' targeting numerous Indian military facilities and related infrastructure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan launches "Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos" in response to Indian aggression |url=https://radio.gov.pk/10-05-2025/pakistan-launches-operation-bunyan-un-marsoos-to-respond-indian-aggression |date=2025-05-10 |website=Radio Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan launches Operation Bunyan Marsoos: What we know so far |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/10/pakistan-launches-operation-bunyan-marsoos-what-we-know-so-far |last=Hussain |first=Abid |date=2025-05-10 |website=Al jazeera}}</ref> The operation concluded after a [[USA|US]] brokered ceasefire came into effect.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Bunyaan-un-Marsoos: The New Art of War |url=https://www.picss.net/articles/operation-bunyaan-un-marsoos-the-new-art-of-war/ |date=2025-05-11 |website=Pakistan Institute for conflict and studies}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=PM declares 'Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq' on May 10 to mark operation victory | date=12 May 2025 | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2545418/pm-declares-youm-e-marka-e-haq-on-may-10-to-mark-operation-victory }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web | title=May 10 to be celebrated as 'Marka-e-Haq Day' every year: PM | url=https://www.radio.gov.pk/12-05-2025/pm-announces-to-observe-may-10-as-marka-e-haq-day }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=PM Shehbaz decides to observe Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq every year on May 10 | date=13 May 2025 | url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/604281-pm-shehbaz-decides-to-observe-youm-e-marka-e-haq-every-year-on-may-10 }}</ref>

== History ==
The public holiday was announced on 12 May 2025 by Prime Minister [[Shahbaz Sharif]] after the US-brokered ceasefire had come into effect. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PM announces to observe Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq every year on success of Operation Bunyan Al Marsoos |url=https://www.moib.gov.pk/News/65437 |date=2025-05-15 |website=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM declares 'Youm-e-Marka-e-Haq' on May 10 to mark operation victory |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2545418/pm-declares-youm-e-marka-e-haq-on-may-10-to-mark-operation-victory |date=2025-05-13 |website=Etribune}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Defence Day (Pakistan)|Defense Day]]
* [[Air Force Day (Pakistan)|Airforce Day]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Public holidays in Pakistan}}

[[category:Public holidays in Pakistan]]
[[category:May observances]]
[[category:Victory days]]
[[category:Military of Pakistan]]
[[category:Annual events in Pakistan]]

Tapan Deka

2026-05-04T00:56:08Z

Vikifzj: Created New Details Initial Version

{{Short description|Director of Intelligence Bureau, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Tapan Deka
| office = 28th [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau]]
| term_start = 1 July 2022
| term_end =
| image = Tapan_Deka.jpeg
| predecessor = [[Arvind Kumar (civil servant)|Arvind Kumar]]
| successor =
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1963|02|25}}
| birth_place = [[Sarthebari]], [[Barpeta district]], [[Assam]]
| service_years = 1988-present
| rank = [[File:IPS 4 star.png|25px]] [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau]]
}}

'''Tapan Kumar Deka''' (born 25 February 1963) is an Indian [[bureaucrat]] and [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer who is currently serving as the 28th [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|Director]] of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Jitendra Bahadur |title=Tapan Kumar Deka appointed as Director of Intelligence Bureau |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tapan-deka-director-intelligence-bureau-1966387-2022-06-24 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=India Today |date=24 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Assam 2022">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Assam's Tapan Kumar Deka to assume office as IB director |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2022/06/assams-tapan-kumar-deka-to-assume-office-as-ib-director/ |access-date=2 September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902031502/https://thenewsmill.com/2022/06/assams-tapan-kumar-deka-to-assume-office-as-ib-director/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Deka belongs to Himachal Pradesh cadre of the 1988 batch.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alumni Gallery : 41RR |url=https://www.svpnpa.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=384:1988-batch&catid=32&Itemid=170 |website=[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]] |access-date=14 May 2022 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528203016/https://www.svpnpa.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=384:1988-batch&catid=32&Itemid=170 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was empanelled as [[Director general of police]] level in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tapan Kumar Deka IPS empanelled as Director General, GoI {{!}} Indian Bureaucracy is an Exclusive News Portal |url=https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/tapan-kumar-deka-ips-empanelled-as-dg-posts-at-goi/ |access-date=15 May 2022 |publisher=Indian Bureaucracy |date=16 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811172301/https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/tapan-kumar-deka-ips-empanelled-as-dg-posts-at-goi/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Central govt empanelled 29 IPS officers as DG or DG equivalent |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/movements/central-govt-empanelled-29-ips-officers-as-dg-or-dg-equivalent/ |access-date=15 May 2022 |date=12 February 2021 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103193907/https://indianmasterminds.com/movements/central-govt-empanelled-29-ips-officers-as-dg-or-dg-equivalent/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Deka's tenure as the [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau]] started from 1 July as his predecessor [[Arvind Kumar (civil servant)|Arvind Kumar]]'s tenure ended on 30 June 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Neeta |title=Centre's Plan With 2 Appointments At Intelligence Agencies |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tapan-deka-appointed-as-new-intelligence-bureau-director-samant-goel-raw-tenure-extended-centres-plan-with-2-appointments-at-intelligence-agencies-3097332 |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=NDTV |date=24 June 2022 |archive-date=24 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624123617/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tapan-deka-appointed-as-new-intelligence-bureau-director-samant-goel-raw-tenure-extended-centres-plan-with-2-appointments-at-intelligence-agencies-3097332 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Deka earlier denied the post of the Director general of police of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=आईपीएस तपन कुमार डेका ने डीजीपी की डीपीसी के लिए किया इनकार |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/himachal/shimla/news/ips-tapan-kumar-deka-denied-dgp-for-dpc-127299685.html |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531022401/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/himachal/shimla/news/ips-tapan-kumar-deka-denied-dgp-for-dpc-127299685.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During his police service, Tapan Deka mostly worked with the Intelligence Bureau of India. He is a close aide of [[Ajit Doval]]. He joined the Intelligence Bureau in 1988.<ref name="Whois2025">{{Cite web |title=Who is Tapan Kumar Deka? 'Superspy' gets one year extension as Intelligence Bureau chief |date=20 May 2025 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-kumar-deka-gets-one-year-extension-11747735049238.html |access-date=21 May 2025 |archive-date=21 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521234227/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-kumar-deka-gets-one-year-extension-11747735049238.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] extended Deka's tenure till June 2025 as the chief of the Intelligence Bureau.<ref>{{cite news |title=Intelligence Bureau Chief Tapan Deka Gets One Year Extension |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-deka-gets-one-year-extension-5961151 |access-date=26 June 2024 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=24 June 2024 |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625210050/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-deka-gets-one-year-extension-5961151 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Intelligence Bureau chief Tapan Kumar Deka gets one year extension |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-kumar-deka-gets-one-year-extension-9412557/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=24 June 2024 |language=en |archive-date=26 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626144002/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-kumar-deka-gets-one-year-extension-9412557/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2025, his tenure was further extended by one year till June 2026.<ref>{{cite news |title=Intelligence Bureau chief Tapan Kumar Deka gets one year extension |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-kumar-deka-gets-one-year-extension/article69597079.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 May 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Whois2025" /> With that, Tapan Deka became longest serving IB chief.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tiwary |first1=Deeptiman |title=Why Tapan Deka is set to have longest tenure as IB chief in over 30 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/tapan-deka-ib-chief-operation-sindoor-amit-shah-10019343/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=21 May 2025 |language=en |archive-date=23 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723180254/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/tapan-deka-ib-chief-operation-sindoor-amit-shah-10019343/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Deka was born on 25 February 1963, in [[Sarthebari]], Assam.<ref name="Assam 2022" /> He holds a [[master's degree]] in [[physics]] from [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=India |last2=Ministry of Home Affairs |title=The Civil list of Indian police service. |journal=The Civil List of Indian Police Service. |language=English |volume=146 |pages=49 |issn=0536-9479}}</ref> He was a [[All Assam Students' Union|AASU]] leader and selected for Indian Police Service (IPS) in his first attempt.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=EastMojo News Bureau |title=Ex-AASU leader & top 'spy' Tapan Deka to be next Assam DGP? |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/08/26/ex-aasu-leader-top-spy-tapan-deka-to-be-next-assam-dgp/ |access-date=14 May 2022 |date=26 August 2019 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514074901/https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/08/26/ex-aasu-leader-top-spy-tapan-deka-to-be-next-assam-dgp/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Career ==

Tapan Deka was appointed as the counter-terrorism operations chief in Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |title=At least 500 detained and questioned in J&K over killing of civilians |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/at-least-500-detained-and-questioned-in-j-k-over-killing-of-civilians-101633891201497.html |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514092921/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/at-least-500-detained-and-questioned-in-j-k-over-killing-of-civilians-101633891201497.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IB counter-terror chief on ground, security grid holds high-level meeting ahead of PM Narendra Modi's April 24 visit to J&K |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/ib-counter-terror-chief-on-ground-security-grid-holds-high-level-meeting-ahead-of-pm-narendra-modis-april-24-visit-to-jk-article-90789828 |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=12 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515060325/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/ib-counter-terror-chief-on-ground-security-grid-holds-high-level-meeting-ahead-of-pm-narendra-modis-april-24-visit-to-jk-article-90789828 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Tapan Deka has formally served as Deputy Director, Joint Director, and [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director]], [[Special director general of police|Special Director]] at [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]. He served as the head of the operations wing of the IB for over two decades.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is Tapan Kumar Deka? 'Superspy' gets one year extension as Intelligence Bureau chief {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-kumar-deka-gets-one-year-extension-11747735049238.html |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=20 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Deka was also in charge of the counter-assaults during [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tapan Deka gets second extension as IB chief amid post-strike security concerns |url=https://theprint.in/india/centre-again-extends-tenure-of-intelligence-bureau-chief-tapan-kumar-deka/2631711/ |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=20 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Bharti |title=Government extends tenure of Intelligence Bureau director Tapan Kumar Deka |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/government-extends-tenure-of-intelligence-bureau-director-tapan-kumar-deka/articleshow/121298307.cms |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 May 2025}}</ref>

During [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests]] in [[Assam]], Tapan Deka was deputed as per the advice of Home Minister of India [[Amit Shah]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shishir |title=J&K to Assam, government moves swiftly for national security |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/j-k-to-assam-government-moves-swiftly-for-national-security/story-4urjyhgoqsyhtyff3PwKHP.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=16 December 2019 |language=en |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515070820/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/j-k-to-assam-government-moves-swiftly-for-national-security/story-4urjyhgoqsyhtyff3PwKHP.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nanjappa |first1=Vicky |title=Quick thinking: How Amit Shah's top men handled Assam during CAA protests |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/quick-thinking-how-amit-shahs-top-men-handled-assam-during-caa-protests-2997433.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=[[Oneindia]] |date=16 December 2019 |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531081014/https://www.oneindia.com/india/quick-thinking-how-amit-shahs-top-men-handled-assam-during-caa-protests-2997433.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

He was also the head of investigation of the [[2008 Assam bombings]] case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-AASU Member, IPS Tapan Deka to be Appointed as the Next DGP of Assam |url=https://www.insidene.com/ex-aasu-member-ips-tapan-deka-to-be-appointed-as-the-next-dgp-of-assam/ |access-date=14 May 2022 |publisher=Inside NE |date=26 August 2019}}</ref> He also handled the investigation of [[2016 Pathankot attack|Pathankot air base attack]] and [[2019 Pulwama attack|Pulwama attack]], and was the brain behind the arrest of [[Yasin Bhatkal]], founder of [[Indian Mujahideen]], from [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tiwary |first1=Deeptiman |title=Tapan Deka is new IB chief, R&AW head Samant Goel gets another extension |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tapan-kumar-deka-made-ib-chief-samant-goel-gets-another-year-as-raw-chief-7989032/ |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=24 June 2022 |language=en |archive-date=24 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624235808/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tapan-kumar-deka-made-ib-chief-samant-goel-gets-another-year-as-raw-chief-7989032/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Deka is believed to be the key official of the [[2019 Balakot airstrike|surgical strike in Balakot]], [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |title=Tapan Kumar Deka to be new chief of Intelligence Bureau, R&AW director Samant Goel gets extension |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jun/24/tapan-kumar-deka-to-be-new-chief-of-intelligence-bureau-raw-director-samant-goel-getsextension-2469299.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=24 June 2022 |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625003259/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jun/24/tapan-kumar-deka-to-be-new-chief-of-intelligence-bureau-raw-director-samant-goel-getsextension-2469299.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' reported that "Deka is an Afghanistan-Pakistan expert, who has over two decades of experience in tracking Jehadi and Islamic extremism while working in the premier intelligence agency."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chauhan |first1=Neeraj |title=Intelligence Bureau director and counterterror expert Tapan Deka gets second extension amid tension with Pakistan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/intelligence-bureau-director-tapan-kumar-gets-one-year-extension-govt-order-101747734328031.html |access-date=26 February 2026 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=20 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Arvind Kumar (civil servant)|Arvind Kumar]]
| title = [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director of the Intelligence Bureau]]
| years = (1 July 2022) – [[Incumbent]]
| after = [[Incumbent]]
}}
{{s-end}}

== Awards ==
* [[President's Police Medal]] for distinguished service in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRESIDENT'S POLICE MEDAL FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE : INDEPENDENCE DAY-2012 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ppm-id12_0.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs, India |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515064655/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ppm-id12_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.svpnpa.gov.in/images/Inservice/Accpt_RNU1988_051018.pdf Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy – No.11011/10/2018-Trg-UR(1988-41 RR)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deka, Tapan}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Directors of Intelligence Bureau (India)]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tezpur]]
[[Category:People of the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Student politics in India]]

Joint secretary to the Government of India

2026-04-28T15:41:57Z

Vikifzj:

{{Short description|Post under the General Staffing Scheme}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Union Joint Secretary
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| insigniasize = 80px
| insigniacaption = Emblem of India
| reports_to = {{hlist|[[Additional secretary to the Government of India|Additional Secretary]]|[[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]]|[[Parliament of India]]|[[Council of Ministers of India]]|[[Prime Minister of India]]}}
| residence =
| seat = {{hlist|[[Union Government ministries of India|Union Ministries of India]]|[[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Secretariat Building]], [[New Delhi]]}}
| appointer = [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]]
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength =
| succession = 26th {{small|(on the [[Indian order of precedence]].)}}
| inaugural =
| formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1920}}{{efn|The rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India was officially created in 1921, as part of the post‑1919 reforms. However, the role was already operational informally in 1920, with ICS officers like George Gall Sim serving in that capacity prior to formal codification.}}
| salary = {{INRConvert|144200}} - {{INRConvert|218200}} monthly<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report" /><ref name=":India Today 7CPC" />
| website = {{URL|https://www.india.gov.in/|Official Website}}
| department = [[Government of India]]
| native_name = {{IAST|Kendrīya Sanyukt Sachiv}}
| member_of =
| termlength_qualified = {{small|(Term can be extended).}}
}}
{{Politics of India}}
'''Joint Secretary to the Government of India''' (often abbreviated as '''JS, GoI''' or '''Union Joint Secretary''' or '''Joint Secretary to Union of India''') is a post under the Central Staffing Scheme<ref name="CSS">{{cite web|url=http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02eod/36_77_94_EO(SM-I).pdf|title=The Central Staffing Scheme|date=January 1996|publisher=[[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]|access-date=13 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310222757/http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02eod/36_77_94_EO(SM-I).pdf|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the third highest non-political executive rank<ref name="SC Lateral Entry JS">{{cite web|url=http://www.livelaw.in/retd-ias-officer-moves-sc-against-lateral-entry-to-post-of-jt-secys-read-petition/|title=Retd IAS Officer Moves SC Against Lateral Entry To Post Of Jt Secys|publisher=Livelaw.in|access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref> in the [[Government of India]]. The authority for creation of this post solely rests with the [[Cabinet of India]].<ref name="Joint Secretary Cabinet India">{{cite web|title=Only Cabinet can create Joint Secretary, above level posts|url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/8615222_Only-Cabinet-can-create-Joint-Secretary--above-level-posts.html|publisher=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=18 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622190649/https://www.ptinews.com/news/8615222_Only-Cabinet-can-create-Joint-Secretary--above-level-posts.html|archive-date=2017-06-22}}</ref>

Joint secretary is mostly a [[Civil Services of India|career civil servant]] and is a government official of high seniority.<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/parity-between-ias-and-non-ias-the-ias-will-get-to-decide/story-9RijZjXY4DeaPlvo8m25mJ.html|title=Parity between IAS and non-IAS? The IAS will get to decide|last=Tikku|first=Aloke|date=15 January 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/alleging-bias-non-ias-officers-petition-pm-modi-4473316/|title=Alleging bias, non-IAS officers petition PM Modi|last=Dastidar|first=Avishek G|date=14 January 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Sahai JS ACC NSCS">{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/sahai-appointed-joint-secretary-nscs/231172.html|title=Sahai appointed Joint Secretary NSCS: ACC Appointment|date=18 October 2016|website=[[Greater Kashmir]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020204520/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/sahai-appointed-joint-secretary-nscs/231172.html|archive-date=20 October 2016|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2017|df=dmy}}</ref> The civil servants who hold this rank and post are either from [[All India Services]] or [[Central Civil Services of India|Central Civil Services]]. All promotions and appointments to this rank and post are directly made by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]].

In the functioning of the Government of India, a joint secretary is the administrative head of a wing in a department.<ref name="JS GOI">{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/key-posts-vacant-at-centre-few-takers-116061100631_1.html |title=Archive: JS-level posts vacant at Centre, few takers|access-date=6 November 2016 |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106170600/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/key-posts-vacant-at-centre-few-takers-116061100631_1.html |archive-date=6 November 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> Joint secretaries in the [[Government of India|Union Government]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(4).pdf|title=Part I of the Constitution of India- The Union and its territory - Article 1|website=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010141832/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(4).pdf|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(17).pdf|title=Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits - Article 300|website=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203131439/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi%2Denglish/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss%2817%29.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Services under the Union and the states">{{cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf|title=Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Services under the Union and the States - Article 312(2)|website=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]], [[Government of India]]|language=en|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203131448/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf|archive-date=3 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> is analogous to [[Major general (India)|Major General]]<ref name="Military Civilian parity">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1161028/jsp/nation/story_116104.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028151302/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1161028/jsp/nation/story_116104.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 October 2016|title=Govt 'clarifies', soldiers upset|last=Dutta|first=Sujjan|date=28 October 2017|website=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref> and equivalent ranks<ref name="Army Pay Rules">{{cite web|title=Army Officers Pay Rules, 2017: Government of India|url=http://www.mod.nic.in/writereaddata/ArmyOfficersPayRules.pdf|work=[[Ministry of Defence (India)]]|access-date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516184107/http://www.mod.nic.in/writereaddata/ArmyOfficersPayRules.pdf|archive-date=16 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> in the [[Indian Armed Forces]] and are listed as such in the [[Indian order of precedence|Order of Precedence]].<ref name="rajyasabha2">{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/guidline_govt_mp/chap11.pdf|title=Order of Precedence|date=26 July 1979|work=[[Rajya Sabha]]|publisher=President's Secretariat|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/table_of_precedence.pdf|title=Table of Precedence|date=26 July 1979|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]]|publisher=President's Secretariat|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527155701/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/table_of_precedence.pdf|archive-date=27 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/top|title=Table of Precedence|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]]|publisher=President's Secretariat|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428030937/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/top|archive-date=28 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Maheshwari 2001 6662">{{cite book|title=Indian Administration|edition=6th|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> In the [[Department of Military Affairs]] of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], an [[Indian Armed Forces|officer from all the three armed forces]] of the rank of Major General and equivalent<ref name="DMA Uniformed 2021">{{cite web |title=Uniformed officers appointed as additional secretary and joint secretaries in department of military affairs|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/06/uniformed-officers-appointed-as-additional-secretary-and-joint-secretaries-in-department-of-military-2299136.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref> is currently appointed{{efn|name=MOD Military JS|See [[Vikram Menon]].}} and designated as Joint Secretary (Army/Navy/AirForce).<ref name="DMA MoD">{{cite web |title=Department of Military Affairs, Ministry of Defence (India)|url=https://mod.gov.in/department-military-affairs |work=[[Ministry of Defence (India)]] |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="CDS Military JS">{{cite web |title=CDS wants appointment of military officers as joint secretary in defence ministry |url=https://theprint.in/defence/cds-wants-appointment-of-military-officers-as-joint-secretary-in-defence-ministry/364257/ |work=The Print |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>

The [[Special Protection Group]] is sometimes headed by an [[Inspector-general of police|Inspector General]] rank holder,<ref name="SPG Chief">{{cite web |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 May 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NDA-appoints-second-SPG-chief-within-15-months/articleshow/51465566.cms|title=NDA appoints second SPG chief within 15 months}}</ref><ref name="SPG Chief2">{{cite web |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 May 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mha-calls-rahuls-remark-on-former-spg-chief-baseless/articleshow/65942086.cms|title=MHA calls Rahul's remark on former SPG chief 'baseless'}}</ref> who is designated as [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|Joint Secretary]] (Security) in the [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]]. Joint secretaries (GOI) rank 26th on [[Indian order of precedence|Order of Precedence of India]].<ref name="rajyasabha2" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name="Maheshwari 2001 6662" />

==History==
The post of joint secretary in the Government of India was created in the 1920s. The salary of a member in this rank and post was fixed at Rs. 36,000 per annum in the 1930s.<ref name="Britain Imperial">{{cite book|title=Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966|last=Kirk-Greene|first=A.|author-link = Anthony Kirk-Greene |publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=9780230286320|location=[[New York City]]}}</ref> The salaries of Joint Secretary in Government of India during the [[British Raj]] was same to the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] and [[British rule in Burma|Burma]].{{efn|name=fn1|As per published records and book named "The India List and India Office List 1905" as published by [[India Office]] and [[India Office Records]].}} As per Warrant of Precedence of 1905,{{efn|name=fn1}} joint secretaries in the Government of India were listed together with [[Secretary to Government of India|secretaries to the Government of India]] and ranked above of [[Chief Secretary (India)|chief secretaries]] of provincial governments.{{efn|name=fn1}}

During the majority of the British period, particularly between 1920 and 1940, the position of Joint Secretary to the Government of India functioned as the second-highest rank within central departments, subordinate only to [[Secretary to the Government of India]]. By the mid-1940s, the designation of [[Additional secretary to the Government of India|Additional Secretary]] was introduced in select departments, but was not yet universal.

In 1937, the [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Central Secretariat]] contained only seven joint secretaries,<ref name="Maheshwari 2001 666">{{cite book|title=Indian Administration|edition=Sixth|last=Maheshwari|first=S. B.|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|isbn=9788125019886|pages=666}}</ref> who were members of the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Imperial Civil Service]] and other services. However, by 1946, the number had increased to twenty-five.

Before [[Partition of India]], in 1946, [[Iskander Mirza]] was elevated as Joint Secretary<ref name="Head State">{{cite book|title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945|last=Lentz|first=Harris M. |publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2014|isbn=9781134264971}}</ref> at the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in New Delhi,<ref name="Head State"/> who later went onto become 1st [[President of Pakistan]].<ref name="Head State"/><ref name="Head State2">{{cite book|title=The City of Hope - The Faridabad Story|last=Jain|first=L. C.|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1998|isbn=9788170227489}}</ref> In 1920, [[George Gall Sim]] served as Joint Secretary in the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance Department]] to assist with major financial administrative reforms. In 1936, [[Tennant Sloan]] served as Joint Secretary in [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Department]].{{efn|See [[1936 New Year Honours]].}} In 1919, [[Henry Moncrieff Smith|Henry Smith]] served as Joint Secretary in the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Legislative Department]]. [[Hawthorne Lewis]] was appointed as Joint Secretary in the Reforms Office.<ref name="VPM">{{cite book|last=Basu|first=Narayani|title=[[V. P. Menon: The Unsung Architect of Modern India]]|year=2020|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=|isbn=9789386797681}}</ref>

According to [[A. D. Gorwala]], [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|ICS]], "The joint secretaries ought to in reality be what the name implies, namely secretaries for the subject entrusted to them and joined to a more senior secretary for the convenience of administrative work."<ref name="Richard Tottenham" /> [[Richard Tottenham (civil servant)|Sir Richard Tottenham]], [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|ICS]] had once expressed "In my opinion there is, or should be, no distinction of function, but only of pay between a joint and an additional Secretary. Additional and joint secretaries should not be either cheap secretaries or expensive deputy secretaries."<ref name="Richard Tottenham">{{cite book|last=Jayapalan|first=N.|title=Indian Administration 2 Vols. Set|year=2001|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|isbn=9788171569212|pages=668}}</ref>

===Prime Minister's Office===
During the tenure of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]], the then [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Secretariat]] was headed by a joint secretary.<ref name="PS PM">{{cite book|title=Handbook Of Public Relations In India|last=Mehta|first=Dalpat Singh|publisher=Allied Publishers|year=1968|isbn=978-8170233343|location=New Delhi|pages=135}}</ref> Currently, in [[Prime Minister's Office (India)]], the [[Private secretary|private secretary(ies)]] to [[Prime Minister of India]] is always in the rank and post of Joint Secretary to Government of India.

==Tenure and Appointment==
===Tenure===
A member of [[All India Services]] is appointed to this rank and post only on tenure. This tenure is a deputation to the Central Government and is fixed for 5 years, after which they are sent back to their own parent cadre.

A member of [[Central Civil Services]] is appointed to this rank and post as per vacancy in their own service cadre and are empanelled.

===Appointment===
In 2020, [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]] memorandum stated that [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] has directed that not less than two years experience at deputy secretary/director (GOI) level under the Central Staffing Scheme shall be mandatory for empanelment at joint secretary level (GOI) at the Centre in respect of IAS officers from 2007 batch.<ref name="JS 2007">{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/more-reform-for-ias-officers-as-modi-govt-adds-new-criteria-to-pick-joint-secretaries/446672/|title=More reform for IAS officers as Modi govt adds new criteria to pick joint secretaries|publisher=[[ThePrint]]|access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref>

== Powers, responsibilities and postings ==
[[File:Government of India hierarchy.svg|alt=|thumb|200px|The organizational structure of a department of the Government of India.]]
[[File:C H Bhabha inaugurating meeting of the Indian Oilseeds Committee.jpg|thumb|left|[[C. H. Bhabha]] with a [[Secretary to Government of India|Secretary]] and a few Joint Secretaries to Government of India in 1947.]]
[[File:U. Win with R. R. Saksena.jpg|thumb|right|U. Win with a Joint Secretary to Government of India in 1947.]]

Joint secretary is the overall in charge with the necessary measure of independent functioning and responsibility of the wing of the department allocated and entrusted to him.<ref name="Powers and Duties">{{cite web |publisher=Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion |access-date=21 August 2014 |date=21 August 2014 |url=http://dipp.nic.in/English/RTI/rti_Power_Duties.htm |title=Powers and Duties of Officers and Employees as defined in the Manual of Office Procedure |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823033029/http://dipp.nic.in/English/RTI/rti_Power_Duties.htm |archive-date=23 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A joint secretary in charge of Administration also exercises all administrative powers as head of the department wing of the ministry/department.<ref name="CSMOP India">{{cite web|url=http://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSMOP_0_0.pdf|title=Central Secretariat Manual of Office Procedure - 14th Edition (2015)|publisher=[[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)|Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension]]|page=6|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>

The [[Prime Minister of India]] is the final authority on posting and transfer of officers of joint secretary level.<ref name="Postings and Transfer2">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/PM-to-oversee-cadre-allocation-of-bureaucrats-postings-of-joint-secretaries-and-above/articleshow/40451799.cms|title=PM to oversee cadre allocation of bureaucrats, postings of joint secretaries and above|date=21 August 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=17 September 2017}}</ref>

===Reporting===
Joint secretaries report to their divisional/departmental [[Additional Secretary to Government of India|additional secretary]], departmental [[Secretary to Government of India|secretary]] and ministerial/departmental [[Union Council of Ministers of India|cabinet minister]]. In 2023, [[Government of India]] empowered all Joint secretaries to the Government of India to report directly to [[Secretary to Government of India]], to increase efficiency in decision-making.<ref name="JS Report 2023">{{cite web |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=28 January 2024 |date=29 March 2023 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-empowers-joint-secretaries-to-directly-report-to-secretaries-3903671 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128135339/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-empowers-joint-secretaries-to-directly-report-to-secretaries-3903671 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2024-01-28 |title=Centre Empowers Joint Secretaries To Directly Report To Secretaries}}</ref>

==Position==
===Union/Central Government of India===
In the Union government, the members head department wings in the departments and ministries of the Union government,<ref name="CSMOP India" /> and hold positions such as chief vigilance officer (CVO),<ref name="CVO Appointment">{{cite web |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=18 November 2015 |date=17 November 2015 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/no-foreign-job-for-babus-who-fail-to-join-as-cvos-centre/articleshow/49819517.cms |title=No foreign job for babus who fail to join as CVOs: Centre}}</ref> [[chief administrative officer]] (CAO), [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]], [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Director General of Civil Aviation of India]],<ref name="DGCA India">{{cite web |publisher=The Sunday Standard |access-date=2 May 2014 |date=31 December 2014 |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/civil-aviation-ministry-embraces-new-year-with-top-level-changes-113123100938_1.html |title=Civil aviation ministry embraces new year with top-level changes}}</ref><ref name="JS DGCA">{{cite web |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 May 2014 |date=27 December 2013 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Joint-secretary-Kumar-proposed-as-new-DGCA/articleshow/27994912.cms |title=Joint secretary Kumar proposed as new DGCA}}</ref> director general of [[National Literacy Mission Programme|National Literacy Mission Authority]], [[Indian Economic Service|economic advisers]], [[Advisor, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|advisors of TRAI]], [[Central Bureau of Investigation|Joint Directors of CBI]],<ref name="CBI Ranks">{{cite web |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Investigation]] |access-date=1 August 2014 |date=3 February 2014 |url=http://cbi.nic.in/recruitments/Strength%20with%20pay%20scales.pdf |title=Sanctioned Strength of Central Bureau of Investigation – Executive Officers}}</ref> additional directors general ([[All India Radio|AIR]] and [[Doordarshan]]),<ref name="DG AIR">{{cite web |publisher=freepresskashmir.com |access-date=14 June 2014 |date=3 February 2014 |url=http://freepresskashmir.com/sheheryar-first-kashmiri-appointed-director-general-to-air-145802/ |title=Sheheryar, First Kashmiri Appointed as Director General All India Radio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226040643/http://freepresskashmir.com/sheheryar-first-kashmiri-appointed-director-general-to-air-145802/ |archive-date=26 February 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Staff Selection Commission|board members of Staff Selection Commission of India]]<ref name="SSC Board Member">{{cite web |publisher=Minister of Home Affairs (India) |access-date=2 May 2014 |date=27 December 2013 |url=http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/CentDep-MemebeSSC-020813.PDF |title=Selection of Appointment of Member of Staff Selection Commission of India}}</ref> commissioners of [[Taxes]] and Police, chief engineers in central departments.

They also hold the post of Social Secretary and [[Press Secretary]] to [[President of India]].

Government nominated board members in the [[Public sector undertakings in India|Central Public Sector Enterprises]]/[[Public sector undertakings in India|Public Sector Undertakings]] are either of the rank of [[Additional Secretary to Government of India|additional secretary]] or joint secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dpe.gov.in/sites/default/files/B-Composition%20of%20Board%20of%20Directors_0.pdf|title=CHAPTER II PERSONNEL POLICIES (b) Composition of Board of Directors|website=Department of Public Enterprises, [[Government of India]]|access-date=12 January 2018}}</ref>

===State Government(s) of India===
A [[Principal secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] or [[Divisional Commissioner]] in a state government can be deputed/posted as Joint Secretary in the center<ref name="Principal Secretary UP CM2">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/three-more-ias-officers-from-state-posted-as-joint-secretaries-in-modi-govt/|title=Three more IAS officers from state posted as joint secretaries in Modi govt|date=2 April 2015|website=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="PS UP2">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/yogi-adiyanath-seeks-former-gorakhpur-district-magistrate-as-principal-secretary-4582617/|title=Yogi Adiyanath seeks former Gorakhpur DM as Principal Secretary|date=23 March 2017|website=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Modi Gujarat JS2">{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/awanish-kumar-awasthi-appointed-principal-secretary-to-up-cm-117041100998_1.html|title=Awanish Kumar Awasthi appointed Principal Secretary to UP CM|date=11 April 2017|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref>

===Union Territory of India===
{{Main|Chief secretary (India)#Union territories}}
A person who is empanelled as Joint Secretary in the Central Government can also hold the position of the Chief Secretary/Administrator of a [[Union territory|Union Territory]].

==International deputations==
In the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], the posting in the rank and post of [[Ambassador]] / Deputy Chief of Mission to a [[Diplomatic mission]] begins at the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India in the [[Indian Foreign Service]].<ref name="MEA 2014">{{cite web |publisher=The Sunday Standard |access-date=12 March 2014 |date=2 March 2014 |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/MEA-Moves-its-Men-Post-Haste/2014/03/02/article2085131.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307102250/http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/MEA-Moves-its-Men-Post-Haste/2014/03/02/article2085131.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2014 |title=MEA Moves its Men, Post-Haste}}</ref> The post of [[Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations|Deputy Permanent Representative of India to the UN]] and [[Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs]] is a holder of this rank in federal government.

On deputation, Joint Secretary (GOI) can hold senior positions at the [[United Nations]], such as India's [[permanent representative]] to [[UNESCO]],<ref name="PR India UN JS">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/061116/dilli-ka-babu-permanent-representative-of-india-in-unesco-an-ias-post.html|title=Dilli Ka Babu: Permanent Representative of India in Unesco an IAS post|last=Cherian|first=Dilip|date=6 November 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106170327/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/061116/dilli-ka-babu-permanent-representative-of-india-in-unesco-an-ias-post.html|archive-date=6 November 2016|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2017|df=dmy}}</ref> [[Conference on Disarmament]].<ref name="UND JS">{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pankaj-sharma-appointed-indias-ambassador-to-un-conference-on-disarmament/articleshow/66094848.cms|title=Pankaj Sharma appointed India's ambassador to UN Conference on Disarmament|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref>

==International equivalency==
The rank of Joint Secretary in Government of India is analogous and equivalent to Assistant Secretary or Under Secretary in the [[federal government of the United States]].{{efn|As per rank-post analogous and equivalent to Major General in Armed Forces.}} The rank is equivalent to Director{{efn|In [[Civil Service (United Kingdom)]], Director (SCS Pay Band 2) in equivanet to Major General in [[British Armed Forces]].}} in Senior Civil Service of [[Civil Service (United Kingdom)|His Majesty's Home Civil Service]].{{efn|As per rank-post analogous and equivalent to Major General in Armed Forces.}}

In [[Government of Pakistan]] the position would be equivalent to rank of Additional Secretary (BS-21){{efn|See and refer to Government employees in Pakistan. As per rank-post analogous and equivalent to Major General in Armed Forces.}} and Additional Secretary (Grade 3) in [[Government of Bangladesh]].{{efn|As per rank-post analogous and equivalent to Major General in Armed Forces.}}

== Emolument, accommodation and perks ==
[[File:Indian Official Passports Front.svg|thumb|An Indian Diplomatic Passport and an Official Passport generally issued to Joint Secretary (GOI).]]
All joint secretaries to the Government of India are entitled to a [[diplomatic passport]].<ref name="Diplomatic GOI">{{cite web |publisher=[[Government of India]] |access-date=17 July 2024|url=https://mowr.nic.in/Previous-site/section/ea/Guidelines_foreign_visit.pdf|title=Guidelines and procedure adopted in cases of foreign visit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313032249/https://mowr.nic.in/Previous-site/section/ea/Guidelines_foreign_visit.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are allotted Type-V (D-II and D-I) and Type-VI (C-II) apartments in areas like [[New Moti Bagh]] across [[Delhi]] by [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]]'s Directorate of Estates.<ref name="Live Residence">{{cite web |publisher=Directorate of Estates, [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]] |access-date=21 July 2014 |date=January 2013 |url=http://estates.nic.in/WriteReadData/dlrtiact/compendium.pdf |title=Compendium (RTI Act) – Government Residence (General Pool in Delhi) Rules |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113222729/http://estates.nic.in/WriteReadData/dlrtiact/compendium.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The salary and emolument in this rank is equivalent<ref name="Army Pay Rules"/> to [[Major General]] and equivalent ranks in [[Indian Armed Forces]].<ref name="Army Pay Rules"/><ref name="7 Pay Commission Report">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India|website=Seventh Central Pay Commission, [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092637/http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|archive-date=2015-11-20|url-status=dead|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1ex 0 1ex 1ex; "
|- Colspan="2" style="text-align: center; "
|+ '''Joint Secretary, GoI monthly pay and allowances'''
! Base Salary as per [[7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces|7th Pay Commission]] (Per month) !! Level on Pay Matrix
!Sources
|-
| {{INRConvert|144200}} '''(Minimum Pay)''' to {{INRConvert|218200}} '''(Maximum Pay)'''
| Level 14
|<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report" /><ref name=":India Today 7CPC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/7th-pay-commission-cleared-what-is-pay-commission-how-does-it-effect-our-pockets-16980-2016-06-29|title=7th Pay Commission cleared: What is the Pay Commission? How does it affect salaries?|date=29 June 2016|editor-last=Biswas|editor-first=Shreya|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref>
|}

===Personal Staff===
All Joint Secretaries to the Government of India are entitled to an official car<ref name="Car GOI">{{cite web |publisher=[[Ministry of Finance (India)]] |access-date=17 July 2024|url=https://doe.gov.in/files/circulars_document/staff_car_OM.pdf|title=Instructions for use of staff car in Central Government Offices - Government of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717034826/https://doe.gov.in/files/circulars_document/staff_car_OM.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a Principal Private Secretary (PPS) as a staff member while serving the post in [[Union Government ministries of India|Union Ministries of India]].

==Reforms and challenges ==
Non-IAS civil services have complained to Government of India because of lack of empanelment in the rank/post of joint secretary on numerous occasions.<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/ias-emperor-the-kings|title=IAS: Emperor among the kings?|last=Tripathi|first=Shishir|date=8 December 2015|work=Governance Now|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/india/non-ias-bureaucrats-now-eligible-secretary-level-posts-288|title=Non-IAS bureaucrats now eligible for secretary-level posts|date=18 January 2016|work=[[The Asian Age]]|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/need-pay-parity-with-ias-officers-say-officials-of-20-civil-services-1426279|title=Need Pay Parity With IAS Officers, Say Officials Of 20 Civil Services|date=30 June 2016|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> As per the [[Pay Commission|Seventh Central Pay Commission of India]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officers]] held 249 out of 341 positions of Joint Secretary in the [[Government of India]].<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report" /> In 2021, as per media reports the share of IAS at Joint Secretary in [[Government of India]] has fallen to 33%.<ref name="JS IAS wane" /> Since 2017–18, IAS officers holding JS rank have now become a minority in almost all central government offices.<ref name="JS IAS wane">{{cite web |publisher= [[The Economic Times]]|access-date=25 June 2020 |date=19 June 2021|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/why-the-top-political-establishment-doesnt-seem-to-be-too-unhappy-about-the-declining-clout-of-ias-lobby/articleshow/83464540.cms|title=Influence Of IAS Lobby Wanes At Centre As Joint Secretary Share Falls From Virtual Monopoly To 33 Per Cent}}</ref>

[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi’s third interaction with the Additional Secretaries and Joint Secretaries, in New Delhi on August 26, 2017.jpg|thumb|300px|left|14th [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] talking with Joint Secretaries (GOI) and Additional Secretaries (GOI) in [[New Delhi]] in 2017.]]
In 2015, [[Government of India]] modified joint secretary-level empanelment process to ensure greater uniformity, consistency and transparency.<ref name="JS Reform GOI">{{cite web |publisher=The Sen Times |access-date=1 June 2015 |date=1 June 2015 |url=http://www.tkbsen.in/2015/06/joint-secretary-level-empanelment-process-modified-for-ias-officers/ |title=Joint Secretary-Level Empanelment Process Modified}}</ref> Under the prime ministership of [[Narendra Modi]], however, the situation has slightly altered, choices for [[Civil Services of India|civil servants]] being appointed to this rank and post were from non [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] cadre.<ref name="Non IAS JS2">{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/non-ias-officers-are-top-choices-for-modi-government-for-the-crucial-joint-secretary-positions/articleshow/51031598.cms|title=Non-IAS officers are top choices for Modi government for the crucial Joint Secretary positions|date=18 February 2016|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=15 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="JS Appointment GOI 20162">{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/XKyLtqlqwLrPvlyCzGuJyH/Govt-appoints-28-officers-half-non-IAS-to-joint-secretary.html|title=Govt appoints 28 officers, half non IAS, to joint secretary level posts|last1=Roche|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Aggarwal|first2=Mayank|date=14 July 2016|work=Live Mint|publisher=[[HT Media Ltd]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref> Almost half the choices for the position have been given to [[Central Civil Services of India|Central Civil Services]] and [[All India Services]] (excluding IAS).<ref name="Non IAS JS2" /><ref name="JS Appointment GOI 20162" />

===Lateral entry===
There was lateral entry in Government of India during 1950s and 1960s, where [[Manmohan Singh]] (1971–1972) and [[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]] (1979), both served as Economic Advisers in the rank of Joint Secretary at [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce]] and [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]]. However, after that period, lateral entry in this rank was not seen.

In 2009, 20th Governor of [[Reserve Bank of India]] [[Bimal Jalan]] had voiced for posts at the level of joint secretary to be opened up to outside competition.<ref name="Reform">{{cite web |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=12 March 2014 |date=29 July 2009 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/bring-in-experts-snip-away-red-tape/article1-437741.aspx |title=Bring in experts. Snip away red tape |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314133318/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/bring-in-experts-snip-away-red-tape/article1-437741.aspx |archive-date=14 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In June 2018, [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] announced first opening up 10 posts of joint secretary (GOI) rank/post in several departments to experts in several fields through lateral entry. In 2019, [[Government of India]] short listed 89 candidates from 6000+ candidates,<ref name="JS Shortlist 2019">{{cite web|title=JS-level recruitment from pvt sector: Only 89 of over 6,000 candidates short-listed|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/jslevel-recruitment-from-pvt-sector-only-89-of-over-6000-candidates-shortlisted/1480925|access-date=21 January 2019}}</ref> with an initial shortlist success rate of 1.4%. After a year, a lateral entry resigned.<ref name="Entry Resign">{{cite web|title=Arun Goel, lateral entrant joint secretary in commerce ministry, resigns after a year|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/arun-goel-lateral-entrant-joint-secretary-in-commerce-ministry-resigns-after-a-year/567822/|access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref>

In 2021, [[Government of India]] announced second opening up 3 posts of joint secretary (GOI) rank/post in several departments.<ref name="Entry 2021">{{cite web|title=Not much enthusiasm for Modi govt's latest IAS lateral entry push, just about 1,200 apply|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/not-much-enthusiasm-for-modi-govts-latest-ias-lateral-entry-push-just-about-1200-apply/653636/|access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>

===Supreme Court of India cases and decisions===
In 2017, 44th [[Chief Justice of India]] [[Jagdish Singh Khehar]] held that responses on behalf of [[Government of India]] before the Supreme Court should be filed by officers not below the ranks of joint secretary (GOI) or additional secretary (GOI).<ref name="JS SCI">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-confidential-new-responseibility-4468682/|title=Delhi Confidential: New Respons(e)ibility|date=11 January 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Affidavit SC JS">{{cite web|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/8276002_SC-against-filing-of-affidavit-below-officer-of-Jt-Secy-level-.html|title=SC against filing of affidavit below officer of Jt Secy level|date=10 January 2017|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref>

In 2023, [[Supreme Court of India]] held that there was no need for the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] to seek prior sanction for the prosecution of joint secretary (GOI) and above-rank officers in cases registered under the Prevention of Corruption Act.<ref name="SC JS">{{cite web|title=No need for prior approval to prosecute Joint Secretary, above rank officers in corruption cases: SC|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/no-need-for-prior-approval-to-prosecute-joint-secretary-above-rank-officers-in-corruption-cases-sc-2681336|access-date=14 January 2024|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref name="SC JS2">{{cite web|title=2014 verdict striking down DSPE Act provision providing immunity to officers will have retrospective effect: Supreme Court|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/suoreme-court-2014-verdict-article-20-dspe-act-8934399/|access-date=14 January 2024|publisher=[[Indian Express Limited]]}}</ref>

==Popular culture and depictions==
In [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood film]] [[Article 370 (film)|Article 370]] released in year 2024, actress [[Priyamani]] plays Joint Secretary GOI in [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]], who emerges as the brain behind getting the special status abrogated from Kashmir.<ref name="BM 370">{{cite web|title='Article 370' Review: Yami Gautam, Priya Mani impress in film on Kashmir politics|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/article-370-review-yami-gautam-priya-mani-kashmiri-politics-2506064-2024-02-23|access-date=20 May 2025|publisher=[[India Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314122424/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/article-370-review-yami-gautam-priya-mani-kashmiri-politics-2506064-2024-02-23|archive-date=2025-03-14}}</ref><ref name="BM 3701">{{cite web|title=Article 370 Review: Yami Gautam Delivers Stellar Performance in Hard-hitting Political Drama|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/article-370-review-yami-gautam-delivers-stellar-performance-in-hard-hitting-political-drama-8789305.html|access-date=20 May 2025|publisher=[[News18 India]]}}</ref> In [[Spy fiction|spy thriller film]] [[Khufiya]] released in year 2023, actor [[Ali Fazal]] plays the role of [[Rabinder Singh (intelligence officer)|Rabinder Singh]], who served as Joint Secretary in RAW and a double agent.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 November 2023 |title=Does US Charge in Pannun Case Show Double Standard? A Look at How CIA Hoodwinked RAW's Rabinder Singh |url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/does-us-charge-in-pannun-case-show-double-standard-a-look-at-how-cia-hoodwinked-raws-rabinder-singh-8682739.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211191233/https://www.news18.com/explainers/does-us-charge-in-pannun-case-show-double-standard-a-look-at-how-cia-hoodwinked-raws-rabinder-singh-8682739.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=News18}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin|}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Administration|edition=6th|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=[[New Delhi]]}}
* {{cite book|title=Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966|last=Kirk-Greene|first=A.|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=9780230286320|location=[[New York City]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Jayapalan|first=N.|title=Indian Administration 2 Vols. Set|year=2001|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|isbn=9788171569212}}
* {{cite book|title=Handbook Of Public Relations In India|last=Mehta|first=Dalpat Singh|publisher=Allied Publishers|year=1968|isbn=978-8170233343|location=New Delhi}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-interaction-with-additional-secretaries-and-joint-secretaries/ PM’s interaction with Additional Secretaries and Joint Secretaries] [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]], 2017

{{Government of India}}
{{Union ministries of India}}

[[Category:Central Civil Services (India)]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]

Nasim Jahan

2026-04-24T20:45:58Z

Vikifzj: Starting A Info

{{Short description|Pakistani politician and women's activist}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nasim Jahan
| birth_name = Nasim Shahnawaz
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office2 = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| term_start2 = 1971
| term_end2 = 1976
| party = [[Pakistan People's Party]] (PPP)
| constituency2 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| known_for =
| occupation = activist and politician
| father = [[Mian Muhammad Shahnawaz]]
| mother = [[Jahanara Shahnawaz]]
| relatives = [[Mumtaz Shahnawaz]] (sister)
| spouse = [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] (divorced)
}}
'''Nasim Jahan''' (born: '''Nasim Shahnawaz''', marital name: '''Nasim Akbar Khan''') was a women's activist and a politician of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]. She was married to General [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] and played a key role, largely unknown, in the [[First Kashmir War]]. She was accused as a co-conspirator in the [[Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case]] but acquitted. Later she became a founding member of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and was elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] and contributed to the formulation of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]].

Nasim Jahan was the daughter of [[Mian Muhammad Shahnawaz]] and [[Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz]] of the elite [[Mian family of Baghbanpura]].

== Family ==
Nasim Jahan was born Nasim Shahnawaz in the prominent [[Mian family of Baghbanpura]]. Her parents [[Mian Muhammad Shahnawaz]] and [[Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz]] were both politicians, and so was her maternal grandfather [[Sir Muhammad Shafi]].{{sfn|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015|p=148}}<ref name=Begum>
{{citation |title=Life & Times |publisher=Begum Shahnawaz web site |url=http://begumshahnawaz.com/life.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131103735/http://begumshahnawaz.com/life.html |archive-date=31 January 2016}}
</ref>
Begum Jahanara was one of the first Indian Muslim women to abandon the veil and pursue high education. She participated in the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conferences]] as the sole representative of Indian Muslim women.{{sfn|Pirbhai, Fatima Jinnah|2017|pp=66–67}} Nasim's elder sister [[Mumtaz Shahnawaz]] was also an activist and politician, who died in an air crash while on her way to represent Pakistan in the United Nations.<ref name=Begum/>

== Activism, 1947–1959 ==
[[File:Murree Richtone(HDR).jpg|thumb|right|260px|[[Murree]], overlooking Kashmir]]
{{Location map+
|Azad Kashmir
|float = right
|width = 260
|caption = Murree and western Kashmir
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|places =
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=33.76|N |long=74.09|E |label=Poonch |position=right |link=Poonch (town) |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=33.16|N |long=74.24|E |label=Nowshera |position=right |link=Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=32.71|N |long=74.86|E |label=Jammu |position=right |link=Jammu |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=32.385|N |long=75.517|E |label=Kathua |position=right |link=Kathua |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=32.57|N |long=75.12|E |label=Samba |position=right |link=Samba |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=0}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=34.36|N |long=73.47|E |label=Muzaffarabad |position=right |link=Muzaffarabad |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=34.18|N |long=73.24|E |label=Abbottabad |position=top |link=Abbottabad |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=0}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=33.91|N |long=73.39|E |label=Murree |position=left |link=Murree |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=4 |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |Azad Kashmir |lat=33.58|N |long=73.05|E |label=Rawalpindi |position=bottom |link=Rawalpindi |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |label_size=70}}
}}
Nasim Shahnawaz married Colonel [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]], who became a decorated war hero in [[World War II]].{{sfnp|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015|loc=p. 278, note 50}} Nasim is often described as ambitious and well-connected, and having been a significant influence on Akbar Khan's activities.<ref>
{{citation |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |authorlink=Ayesha Jalal |title=The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87VnBAAAQBAJ |year=2014 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-74499-8 |pages=79–80}}
</ref><ref name=Hussain>
Hamid Hussain, [http://www.brownpundits.com/2016/10/25/general-mohammed-akbar-khan/ General Mohammed Akbar Khan (and some others)], Brown Pundits web site, 25 October 2016.
</ref><ref name="Hamid II"/>

Her activism came to the fore soon after the [[Partition of India]], during the [[Kashmir conflict]].<ref name="Hamid II">
Syed Ali Hamid, [https://thefridaytimes.com/08-Jan-2021/general-tariq-and-the-rawalpindi-conspiracy-case-ii General Tariq and the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case - II], The Friday Times, 8 January 2021.
</ref>
Akbar Khan, who was apparently part of a plan to capture Kashmir by [[Operation Gulmarg|invasion]],{{sfnp|Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold|2008|loc=p. 60: 'The history [of 11th Cavalry] adds, "During the last week of August 1947 [the] Commanding Officer and Second-in-Command were called to attend an operational briefing in General Headquarters in the presence of Colonel Sher Khan MC, Director Military Intelligence, Colonel Akbar Khan, DWC and Colonel Khanzadah Ordnance Branch...."'}}<ref>
{{citation |last=Amin |first=Agha Humayun |chapter=Memories of a Soldier by Major General Syed Wajahat Hussain (Book Review) |title=Pakistan Military Review, Volume 18 |date=August 2015 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=978-1516850235 |chapter-url=https://www.slideshare.net/AAmin1/pakistan-military-review-volume-18-inside-waziristan |quote=However Sardar Yahya Effendi clearly mentions on page-151 of his book [..] that [the] Commanding Officer of 11 Cavalry was called by Pakistani Director Military Intelligence Colonel Sher Khan, MC to the GHQ in last week of August 1947 and briefed about Pakistani invasion plan.}}
</ref> wondered how to influence Pakistan's political leadership to back it.<ref>
{{citation |last=Jha |first=Prem Shankar |authorlink=Prem Shankar Jha |title=Kashmir, 1947: Rival Versions of History |url=https://archive.org/details/kashmir1947rival00jhap |via=archive.org |url-access=registration |year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563766-3 |page=29 |quote='The big question really was', Khan writes, 'whether our government could be moved to take an active hand in the affair. We were soon to find that a move in this direction had already started'.}}
</ref>
Soon he came in contact with [[Mian Iftikharuddin]], a leader of the Muslim League in Punjab and a cousin of Nasim,<ref name="Hamid II"/><ref>
{{citation |last=Raghavan |first=Srinath |title=War and Peace in Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbtBJb1bsHUC |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-00737-7 |page=105 |quote=Akbar was also approached by a senior Muslim League leader, Mian Iftikharuddin, who was proceeding to Kashmir's capital, Srinagar, to assess Pakistan's prospects.}}
</ref>
and [[Sardar Ibrahim Khan]], an activist of Kashmir's [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]] who was looking to launch a rebellion against the Maharaja of Kashmir and seeking Pakistan's help.<ref>
{{citation |last=Schofield |first=Victoria |authorlink=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in the crossfire |url=https://archive.org/details/kashmirincrossfi0000scho |via=archive.org |url-access=registration |year=1996 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-86064-036-0 |page=141 |quote='One day someone introduced me to Sardar Ibrahim', writes Akbar Khan, a junior army officer who was in Murree in September 1947.}}
</ref>
In a [[1947 Poonch rebellion#12 September meeting|12 September planning meeting]] with the prime minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], both Iftikharuddin and Akbar Khan participated.

After this meeting, Akbar Khan was barred from participating in Pakistan's covert action, but Nasim seems to have been closely involved.{{sfnp|Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold|2008|loc=p. 58: "But his wife Nasim Akbar Khan, a Muslim League activist in her own right, seems to have been clearly involved..."}} She attended a meeting in [[Murree]] towards the end of September, where [[Khurshid Anwar (Major)|Khurshid Anwar]] briefed the Muslim Conference activists about the invasion plan.{{sfnp|Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold|2008|p=58}}{{sfnp|Zaheer, Rawalpindi Conspiracy|1998|p=98}}<ref name="Hamid II"/> On 23 October, the day after the [[Pakistani tribal invasion of Kashmir|tribal invasion]] was launched, she and the Commissioner of [[Rawalpindi Division]], Khawaja Abdur Rahim, went to announce to Sardar Ibrahim that he was to be the President of the Azad Kashmir provisional government. During the evidence presented to a tribunal later in the 1950s, a witness mentioned that she and her sister ([[Mumtaz Shahnawaz]]) appeared to have "sponsored" Sardar Ibrahim to be the leader.{{sfnp|Zaheer, Rawalpindi Conspiracy|1998|pp=112–113}}{{efn|Up to this point, Sardar Ibrahim had the designation of prime minister in the provisional government. The president, who was publicly announced under the pseudonym "Mr. Anwar", is believed to have been Ghulam Nabi Gilkar, who went to Srinagar and got arrested by the Maharaja's government.}}

After the first phase of the invasion, Akbar Khan was given the charge of commanding the invasion. He assumed the ''nom de guerre'' of 'General Tariq' and moved to Murree, where he lived with Nasim and established his operational headquarters. When Captain Wajahat Hussain visited the couple on one occasion, he found Akbar Khan talking in even tones, but Nasim is said to have loudly complained about lack of support from the government and the Army headquarters.<ref name="Hamid II"/>

After this assignment, Akbar Khan was sent to command the [[Kohat Brigade]].
The [[First Kashmir War|Kashmir War]] ended in a ceasefire on 1 January 1949. It is said that Nasim and Akbar Khan entertained lavishly in Kohat, inviting other military officers, and discussing world politics and government inefficiency. Akbar Khan is said to have openly canvassed for a military dictatorship.<ref name="Hamid III">
Syed Ali Hamid, [https://thefridaytimes.com/15-Jan-2021/general-tariq-and-the-rawalpindi-conspiracy-case-iii ‘General Tariq’ and the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case - III], The Friday Times, 15 January 2021.
</ref>
Nasim brought to the table her leftist and communist contacts, including [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]], who was said to be close a friend.{{sfnp|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015a|p=133}} The government was on to them before long, and a special Deputy Inspector General of police was assigned specifically to investigate the interactions between Faiz and Nasim.{{sfnp|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015|p=180}}

By 1951, Akbar Khan was promoted to Major General, and appointed as the [[Chief of General Staff]]. It is said that the new commander-in-chief, General [[Ayub Khan]], kept him in the General Headquarters in order to monitor his activities.{{sfnp|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015|loc=p. 278, note 50}} Between 9 and 10 March, Nasim and Akbar Khan, Faiz and several other army officers deemed to have been part of the conspiracy were arrested.{{sfnp|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015|p=180}} A Special Tribunal conducted trials for what came to be known as the [[Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case]], and delivered a verdict in January 1953. Nasim Akbar Khan was acquitted but Akbar Khan received a twelve-year prison sentence.{{sfnp|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015|p=180}}

Akbar Khan and Nasim were divorced in 1959.<ref name=Hussain/> Afterwards, Nasim took "Jahan" as her last name.

== Activism in the 1970s ==
Nasim Jahan was a founding member of the [[Pakistan People's Party]], founded by [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] in 1967.<ref name=Begum/> During the [[Pakistani general election, 1970|1970 general election]], she motivated and mobilised Punjabi women, especially from Lahore, in democratic participation.{{sfnp|Awan, Political Discourse and Socio-Cultural Placement of Pakistani Women|2016|p=216}} She was elected to the [[List of members of the 5th National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] from a reserved constituency for women. She was selected by Bhutto, along with Begum Ashraf Abbasi, for the Constitution Committee, to formulate a new constitution for Pakistan. She fought for retaining the principle of female suffrage for the reserved women's seats, but was unsuccessful in carrying it through the National Assembly.{{sfnp|Shami, Political Empowerment of Women in Pakistan|2009|pp=144–145}} But the constitution ensured some social and political rights to women through articles 25, 32, 34, 35 and 2238.{{sfnp|Awan, Political Discourse and Socio-Cultural Placement of Pakistani Women|2016|p=216}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Asdar Ali |first=Kamran |title=Communism in Pakistan: Politics and Class Activism 1947-1982 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Kc7DwAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-0-85773-995-7 |ref={{sfnref|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015}}}}
** {{citation |last=Asdar Ali |first=Kamran |title=Communism in Pakistan: Politics and Class Activism 1947-1982 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e7eKDwAAQBAJ |year=2015a |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9780857726759 |ref={{sfnref|Asdar Ali, Communism in Pakistan|2015a}}}}
* {{citation |last=Joshi |first=Manoj |author-link=Manoj Joshi (journalist) |title=Kashmir, 1947-1965: A Story Retold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uAT3oENcxDgC |year=2008 |publisher=India Research Press |isbn=978-81-87943-52-5 |ref={{sfnref|Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold|2008}}}}
* {{citation |last=Pirbhai |first=M. Reza |title=Fatima Jinnah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pU7ODgAAQBAJ |year=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-19276-8 |ref={{sfnref|Pirbhai, Fatima Jinnah|2017}}}}
* {{citation |first=Shehzadi Zamurrad |last=Awan |title=Political Discourse and Socio-Cultural Placement of Pakistani Women 1947-1976: A Historical Perspective |journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |volume=53 |number=1 |date=2016 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/15%20Paper_v53_1_16.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Awan, Political Discourse and Socio-Cultural Placement of Pakistani Women|2016}}}}
* {{citation |last=Shami |first=Asma Afzal |title=Political Empowerment of Women in Pakistan |journal=Journal of Pakistan Vision |volume=10 |number=1|year=2009 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/Artical%20-%208.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Shami, Political Empowerment of Women in Pakistan|2009}}}}
* {{citation |last=Zaheer |first=Hasan |title=The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577892-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjNuAAAAMAAJ |ref={{sfnref |Zaheer, Rawalpindi Conspiracy |1998}}}}
** {{citation |last=Zaheer |first=Hasan |title=The Times and Trial of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy, 1951: The First Coup Attempt in Pakistan |year=2007 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publishers |orig-date=first published by Oxford University Press Pakistan in 1998 |isbn=978-969-35-1992-1 |ref={{sfnref|Zaheer, Rawalpindi Conspiracy|2007}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jahan, Nasim}}
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani women politicians]]
[[Category:Mian family]]
[[Category:People of the 1947 Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Activists from Lahore]]

Devanand Fulasing Chavan

2026-04-19T05:27:32Z

Vikifzj: Put up a pg

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|06|01|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| constituency = [[Nagthan Assembly constituency|Nagthan]]
| office = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end = 2023
| predecessor = Raju Alagur
| successor = [[Katakadond Vittal Dondiba]]
| education =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Devanand Fulasing Chavan''' is a leader of [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] and he was a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] 2018 elected<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/karnataka2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=6873|title=Devanand Fulsing Chavan(JD(S)) :Constituency-NAGTHAN (BIJAPUR)– Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info|access-date=20 June 2022}}</ref> from [[Nagthan Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/karnataka/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2018-full-list-of-jds-winners-2108006.html|title=Karnataka Assembly election Results 2018: Full list of JDS winners|work=[[Zee News]]|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/jds-mla-unhappywith-district-minister/article28314804.ece/|title=JD(S) MLA unhappywith district Minister|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>

== Positions held ==

* Member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly - 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-results-list-of-winners-5176068/|title=Karnataka assembly election results: List of winners|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chavan, Devanand Fulasing}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (Secular) politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]

{{Karnataka-politician-stub}}

Masrakh Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T14:07:43Z

Vikifzj: Starting New Data

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Masrakh
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Saran district|Saran]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no =
| established = 1957
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''Masrakh Assembly constituency''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Saran district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==Overview==
Masrakh Assembly constituency ceased to exist in 2010 following orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

== Members of Vidhan Sabha ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Krishna Madhav Sinha{{Efn|Masrakh North}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|INC}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Mritunjoy Singh{{Efn|Masrakh South}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Prabhu Nath Singh{{Efn|Masrakh North}}
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|INC}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Raj Kumari Devi{{Efn|Masrakh South}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Prabhu Nath Singh
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Kashi Nath Rai
| style="background-color:{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Ram Deo Singh
| style="background-color:{{party color|INC}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Krishnadeo Narain Singh
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Ram Deo Singh
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|1981^
|Harendra Kishore Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Prabhunath Singh]]
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Ashok Singh
|-
|1996^
| rowspan="3" |Tarkeshwar Singh
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|[[Kedar Nath Singh (Bihar politician)|Kedar Nath Singh]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''2010 onwards: Constituency does not exist''}}
|}
{{notelist}}
<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp37.htm |title = 37 - Masrakh Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-02-25 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Coord|26.0868000|N|84.8010300|E|display=title|format=dms|}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Saran Division topics}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Saran district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 disestablishments in India]]

70th Filmfare Awards South

2026-04-13T09:43:26Z

Vikifzj: added a stub - done

{{Short description|2026 film awards event in Kerala, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 70
| award = Filmfare Awards South
| image = 70th Filmfare Awards South logo.png
| award_link = Filmfare Awards South
| awarded_for = Best of films of 2024
| presenting_org = ''[[Filmfare]]''
| announced_date = 12 February 2026 (nominations)
| presented_date = 21 February 2026
| date =
| site = Adlux International Convention Centre, [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India
| host = [[Mithun Ramesh]] [[Ranjini Haridas]] Vishnu Warrier
| organizer = [[The Times Group]]
| magazine_issue = ''[[Filmfare]]''
| website = [https://www.filmfare.com/awards/70th-filmfare-awards-south/ Official website]
| lifetime_achievement = [[Sreenivasan]] [[Sreekumaran Thampi]]
| best_film = ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' (Telugu) ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' (Tamil) ''[[Manjummel Boys]]'' (Malayalam) ''[[Shakhahaari]]'' (Kannada)
| most_wins = ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' (8)
| most_nominations = ''Amaran'' (10)
| channel = {{ubl|[[Zee Telugu]] (Telugu)|[[Zee Tamil]] (Tamil)|[[Zee Keralam]] (Malayalam)|[[Zee Kannada]] (Kannada)}}
| network = [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
| last = 69th
| next = 71st
}}

The '''70th Filmfare Awards South''' is an awards event that recognised and honoured the best films and performances from the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] films and music released in 2024 along with special honours for lifetime contributions and few special awards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism: Top Winners, Show-Stealing Performances and More HIGHLIGHTS |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/south/70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-top-winners-show-stealing-performances-and-more-highlights-article-153665950 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-22 |title=70th Filmfare Awards South winners list: Pushpa 2, Amaran, Aadujeevitham win big; Amitabh Bachchan bags Best Supporting Actor award. See full list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/70th-filmfare-awards-south-winners-list-pushpa-2-amaran-aadujeevitham-win-big-10545383/ |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The nominations were announced on 11 February 2026 and took place in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India on 21 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Telugu) {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/nominations-for-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-telugu-81365.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Tamil) {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/nominations-for-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-tamil-81364.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Malayalam) {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/nominations-for-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-malayalam-81366.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Kannada) {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/nominations-for-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-kannada-81367.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> The event made its debut in Kochi, Kerala after being held in [[Chennai]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism To Take In Kochi This February {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-to-take-in-kochi-this-february-81436.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Mithun Ramesh]], [[Ranjini Haridas]] and Vishnu Warrier have hosted the event.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 70th Filmfare South Awards With Kerala Tourism: Everything You Need to Know Before The Big Night {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/the-70th-filmfare-south-awards-with-kerala-tourism-everything-you-need-to-know-before-the-big-night-81904.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' is the most awarded film with eight awards, followed by ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]'' and ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' with five each, ''[[Meiyazhagan]]'' with four, and ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' and ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'' with three each. ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' is the most awarded Telugu film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of Winners of The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Telugu) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-telugu-81912.html |access-date=23 February 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en|date=22 February 2026}}</ref> ''[[Chithha|Amaran]]'' is the most awarded Tamil film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of Winners of The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Tamil) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/full-list-of-winners-of-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-tamil-81911.html |access-date=23 February 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en|date=22 February 2026}}</ref> ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]'' is the most awarded Malayalam film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of Winners of The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Malayalam) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/full-list-of-winners-of-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-malayalam-81914.html |access-date=23 February 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en|date=22 February 2026}}</ref> ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'' is the most awarded Kannada film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of Winners of The 70th Filmfare Awards South With Kerala Tourism (Kannada) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/full-list-of-winners-of-the-70th-filmfare-awards-south-with-kerala-tourism-kannada-81913.html |access-date=23 February 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en|date=22 February 2026}}</ref>

''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' is the only film to have two lead acting role awards won by [[Sivakarthikeyan]] ([[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]) and [[Sai Pallavi]] ([[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]). "[[Chuttamalle]]" (from ''[[Devara: Part 1 (soundtrack)|Devara: Part 1]]''), "Dwapara" (from ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''), "Hey Minnale" (from ''[[Amaran (soundtrack)|Amaran]]''), "[[Kurchi Madathapetti]]" (from ''[[Guntur Kaaram (soundtrack)|Guntur Kaaram]]'') and "Periyone" (from ''[[The Goat Life (soundtrack)|Aadujeevitham]]'') are the most awarded songs with two wins each.

[[Amitabh Bachchan]] is the oldest winner, whereas, [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] is the oldest winner including non-competitive awards.

== Winners and nominees ==
Winners are listed first, highlighted in '''boldface'''.

===Main awards===

====Kannada cinema====
{| class="wikitable" width=100% |
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Shakhahaari]]'' {{Ndash}} Rajesh Keelambi and Ranjini Prasanna, producers'''
** ''[[Bagheera (2024 film)|Bagheera]]'' {{Ndash}} [[Vijay Kiragandur]], producer
** ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]'' {{Ndash}} Krishna Sartak and Jagadeesh Gowda, producers
** ''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]'' {{Ndash}} Ravichandra A. J, producer
** ''[[Hadinelentu]]'' {{Ndash}} Prithvi Konanur and Tejaswi Konanur, producers
** ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'' {{Ndash}} Prashanth G. Rudrappa, producers

| valign="top" |
* '''[[Prithvi Konanur]] – ''[[Hadinelentu]]'''''
** [[Duniya Vijay]] – ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]''
** Rajguru B – ''[[Kerebete]]''
** Sandeep Sunkad – ''[[Shakhahaari]]''
** Srinidhi Bengaluru – ''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]''
** Utsav Gonwar – ''[[Photo (2023 film)|Photo]]''
|-

! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress]]
|-
|valign="top" |
* '''[[Sriimurali]]''' '''– ''[[Bagheera (2024 film)|Bagheera]]'' as Vedanth Prabhakar / Bagheera'''
** [[Duniya Vijay]] – ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]'' as Bheema
** [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] – ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'' as Krishna
** [[Rangayana Raghu]] – ''[[Shakhahaari]]'' as Subbanna Bhatta
** [[Shiva Rajkumar]] – ''[[Bhairathi Ranagal]]'' as Bhairathi Ranagal
** [[Sudeepa]] – ''[[Max (2024 film)|Max]]'' as Arjun Mahakshay / Max

| valign="top" |
* '''Akshatha Pandavapura – ''[[Koli Esru]]'' as Hucchheeri'''
** [[Ankita Amar]] – ''[[Ibbani Tabbida Ileyali]]'' as Anahita Madhumita Banarjee
** Bindu Shivaram – ''[[Kerebete]]'' as Meena
** [[Chaithra J Achar]] – ''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]'' as Devaki
** [[Roshni Prakash]] – ''[[Murphy (film)|Murphy]]'' as Janani
** [[Rukmini Vasanth]] – ''[[Bagheera (2024 film)|Bagheera]]'' as Dr. Sneha
|-

! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada|Best Supporting Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''Gopalkrishna Deshpande – ''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]'' as Gopal Krishna'''
** Gopalkrishna Deshpande – ''[[Shakhahaari]]'' as Mallikarjuna Hiremath
** Jahangir M. S. – ''[[Photo (2023 film)|Photo]]'' as Husenappa
** Nagendra Shah – ''[[Maryade Prashne]]''
** [[Prabhu Mundkur]] – ''Maryade Prashne'' as Rocky
** [[Prakash Raj]] – ''[[Bagheera (2024 film)|Bagheera]]'' as Guru
** [[Raj B. Shetty]] – ''[[Roopanthara]]'' as Goon

|valign="top" |
* '''Priya Shathamarshan – ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]'' as Girija'''
** Apeksha Choranahalli – ''[[Koli Esru]]'' as Lachchu
** Harini Shreekanth – ''[[Kerebete]]'' as Gowrakka
** Lekha Naidu – ''[[Roopanthara]]'' as Hanumakka
** Rekha Kudligi – ''[[Hadinelentu]]'' as Seetha
** Sandhya Arekere – ''[[Photo (2023 film)|Photo]]'' as Gangamma

|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada|Best Lyricist]]
|-
|valign="top" |
* '''[[Arjun Janya]] – ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'''''
** [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]] – ''[[Max (2024 film)|Max]]''
** [[J. Anoop Seelin]] – ''[[Kaalapatthar]]''
** [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]] – ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]''
** [[V. Harikrishna]] – ''[[Karataka Damanaka]]''
** Veer Samarth – ''[[Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe]]''

| valign="top" |
* '''[[V. Nagendra Prasad]] – "Dwapara" from ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'''''
** Ghouse Peer – "Bhuvana Hudukadide" from ''[[Kerebete]]''
** [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]] – "Ninna Hegalu" from ''Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi''
** Nagarjun Sharma – "Dont Worry Baby Chinnamma" from ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]''
** Pramod Maravanthe – "Sakhi" from ''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]''

|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Kannada|Best Playback Singer – Male]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Kannada|Best Playback Singer – Female]]
|-
|valign="top" |
* '''Jaskaran Singh – "Dwapara" from ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]'''''
** [[Kapil Kapilan]] – "Oh Anahitha" from ''[[Ibbani Tabbida Ileyali]]''
** Siddhartha Belmannu – "Sakhi" from ''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]''
** [[Sonu Nigam]] – "He Gagana" from ''Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi''
** [[Vijay Prakash]] – "Sanje Mele" from ''[[Matinee (2024 film)|Matinee]]''

|valign="top" |
* '''Shruti Prahlad – "Hithalakka Karibyada" from ''[[Karataka Damanaka]]'''''
** [[Indu Nagaraj]] – "Chinnamma" from ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''
** Shivani Swamy – "Ella Maathannu Onde Baari" from ''[[Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe]]''
** Srilakshmi Belmannu – "Radhe" from ''[[Ibbani Tabbida Ileyali]]''
** Vaish – "I Love You" from ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Critics Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Critics Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''Gowrishankar SRG – ''[[Kerebete]]'' as Naga'''
|
* '''[[Ankita Amar]] – ''[[Ibbani Tabbida Ileyali]]'' as Anahita Madhumita Banarjee'''
|}

====Malayalam cinema====
{| class="wikitable" width=100% |
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Manjummel Boys]]''''' '''– [[Soubin Shahir]], Babu Shahir and Shawn Antony, producers'''
** ''[[Bramayugam]]'' – Chakravarthy Ramachandra, S. Sasikanth and Victor Prabhakaran, producers
** ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]'' – [[Blessy]], K. G. Abraham and K. C. Eapen, producers
** ''[[Aattam]]'' – Ajith Joy, producer
** ''[[Premalu]]'' – [[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Dileesh Pothan]] and [[Syam Pushkaran]], producers
** ''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]'' – [[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Nazriya Nazim]] and [[Anwar Rasheed]], producers
** ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' – Joby George, producer
** ''[[All We Imagine as Light|Prabhayay Ninachathellam]]'' – Thomas Hakim and Julian Graff, producers
** ''[[Ullozhukku]]'' – [[Ronnie Screwvala]], Honey Trehan and [[Abhishek Chaubey]], producers

| valign="top" |
* '''[[Rahul Sadasivan]] – ''[[Bramayugam]]'''''
** [[Jithu Madhavan]] – ''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]''
** Jithin Laal – ''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]''
** [[Chidambaram S. Poduval|Chidambaram]] – ''[[Manjummel Boys]]''
** [[Dinjith Ayyathan]] – ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]''
** [[Blessy]] – ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]''
** [[Anand Ekarshi]] – ''[[Aattam]]''
** [[Christo Tomy]] – ''[[Ullozhukku]]''
** [[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]] – ''[[All We Imagine as Light|Prabhayay Ninachathellam]]''
|-

! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Best Actress]]
|-
|valign="top" |
* '''[[Mammootty]] – ''[[Bramayugam]]'' as Koduman Potti / [[Chathan]]'''
** [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] – ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' as Ajay Chandran
** [[Basil Joseph]] – ''[[Sookshmadarshini]]'' as Manuel
** [[Fahadh Faasil]] – ''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]'' as Ranjith Gangadharan / Ranga
** [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] – ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]'' as Najeeb Muhammad
** [[Tovino Thomas]] – ''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]'' as Maniyan / Ajayan / Kunjikelu
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] – ''[[Ullozhukku]]'' as Leelamma'''
** [[Mamitha Baiju]] – ''[[Premalu]]'' as Reenu Roy
** [[Nazriya Nazim]] – ''[[Sookshmadarshini]]'' as Priyadarshini Antony
** [[Divya Prabha]] – ''[[All We Imagine as Light|Prabhayay Ninachathellam]]'' as Anu
** [[Kani Kusruti]] – ''Prabhayay Ninachathellam'' as Prabha
** [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] – ''Ullozhukku'' as Anju
** [[Zarin Shihab]] – ''[[Aattam]]'' as Anjali
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Malayalam|Best Supporting Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Vijayaraghavan]] – ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' as K. Appu Pillai'''
** [[Arjun Ashokan]] – ''[[Bramayugam]]'' as Thevan / [[Chathan]]
** [[Kunchacko Boban]] – ''[[Bougainvillea (film)|Bougainvillea]]'' as Dr. Royce John
** [[Sidharth Bharathan]] – ''Bramayugam'' as Potti's illicit son and cook
** K R Gokul – ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]'' as Hakim
** [[Jagadish]] – ''[[Vaazha: Biopic of a Billion Boys]]'' as Vishwam's father
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Lijomol Jose]] – ''[[Her (2024 film)|Her]]'' as Abhinaya'''
** [[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]] – ''[[Pani (film)|Pani]]'' as Gowri
** [[Aparna Balamurali]] – ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' as Aparna
** [[Pooja Mohanraj]] – ''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]'' as Beauty
** [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] – ''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]'' as Manikyam
** [[Vani Viswanath]] – ''[[Rifle Club (film)|Rifle Club]]'' as Ittiyanam
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam|Best Music Director]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Malayalam|Best Lyricist]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Sushin Shyam]] – ''[[Aavesham (soundtrack)|Aavesham]]'''''
** Amrith Ramnath – ''[[Varshangalkku Shesham (soundtrack)|Varshangalkku Shesham]]''
** [[A. R. Rahman]] – ''[[The Goat Life (soundtrack)|Aadujeevitham]]''
** [[Christo Xavier]] – ''[[Sookshmadarshini]]''
** [[Dhibu Ninan Thomas]] – ''[[ARM (soundtrack)|ARM]]''
** Sankar Sharma – ''[[Jai Ganesh (film)|Jai Ganesh]]''
** Sushin Shyam – ''[[Bougainvillea (film)|Bougainvillea]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Rafeeq Ahamed]] – "Periyone" from ''[[The Goat Life (soundtrack)|Aadujeevitham]]'''''
** [[Manu Manjith]] – "Angu Vaana Konilu" from ''[[ARM (soundtrack)|ARM]]''
** [[P. S. Rafeeque]] – "Madhabhara" from ''[[Malaikottai Vaaliban (soundtrack)|Malaikottai Vaaliban]]''
** [[Santhosh Varma]] – "Orupaadu Paaduvan" from ''[[Jai Ganesh]]''
** Vaishak Sugunan – "Jeevithagaadhakale" from ''[[Varshangalkku Shesham (soundtrack)|Varshangalkku Shesham]]''
** [[Vinayak Sasikumar]] – "Gandharva Ganam" from ''[[Rifle Club (film)|Rifle Club]]''
** [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] – "Madhu Pakaroo" from ''Varshangalkku Shesham''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Malayalam|Best Playback Singer – Male]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Malayalam|Best Playback Singer – Female]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Jithin Raj (singer)|Jithin Raj]] – "Periyone" from ''[[The Goat Life (soundtrack)|Aadujeevitham]]'''''
** Amrith Ramnath – "Nyabagam" from ''[[Varshangalkku Shesham (soundtrack)|Varshangalkku Shesham]]''
** [[K. S. Harisankar]] – "Kiliye" from [[ARM (soundtrack)|''ARM'']]
** [[Madhu Balakrishnan]] – "Orupaadu Paaduvan" from ''[[Jai Ganesh (film)|Jai Ganesh]]''
** [[Vijay Yesudas]] – "Omane" from ''Aadujeevitham''
** [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] – "Madhu Pakaroo" from ''Varshangalkku Shesham''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Vaikom Vijayalakshmi]] – "Angu Vanna Konile" from ''[[ARM (soundtrack)|ARM]]'''''
** Madhuvanthi Narayanan – "Maravikale" from ''[[Bougainvillea (film)|Bougainvillea]]''
** Mary Anna – "Sthuthi" from ''Bougainvillea''
** [[Mridula Warrier]] – "Mandhara Malarin" from ''Anand Sreebala''
** [[Nithya Mammen]] – "Ee Vazhikalil" from ''Kummattikkali''
** Preeti Pillai – "Mathabhara" from ''[[Malaikottai Vaaliban (soundtrack)|Malaikottai Vaaliban]]''
** [[Shweta Mohan]] – "Gandharva" from ''[[Rifle Club (film)|Rifle Club]]''
** [[Sithara Krishnakumar]] – "Pande Nenchil" from ''[[Once Upon a Time in Kochi]]''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Malayalam|Critics Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Critics Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] – ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' as Ajay Chandran'''
* '''[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] – ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]'' as Najeeb Muhammad'''
|
* '''[[Zarin Shihab]] – ''[[Aattam]]'' as Anjali'''
|}

====Tamil cinema====
{| class="wikitable" width=100% |
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' – [[Kamal Haasan]], R. Mahendran and Vivek Krishnani, producers'''
** ''[[The Adamant Girl|Kottukkaali]]'' – [[Sivakarthikeyan]] and Kalai Arasu, producers
** ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' – S. Lakshman Kumar and A. Venkatesh, producers
** ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]'' – Jagadish Palaniswamy and Sudhan Sundaram, producers
** ''[[Meiyazhagan]]'' – [[Suriya (actor)|Suriya]] and [[Jyothika]], producers
** ''[[Vaazhai]]'' – [[Mari Selvaraj]] and Divya Mari Selvaraj, producers

| valign="top" |
* '''[[PS Vinothraj]] – ''[[The Adamant Girl|Kottukkaali]]'''''
* '''[[Rajkumar Periasamy]] – ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'''''
** [[C. Prem Kumar]] – ''[[Meiyazhagan]]''
** [[Mari Selvaraj]] – ''[[Vaazhai]]''
** [[Nithilan Saminathan]] – ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]''
** [[Pa. Ranjith]] – ''[[Thangalaan]]''
|-

! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress]]
|-
|valign="top" |
* '''[[Sivakarthikeyan]] – ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' as [[Major Mukund Varadarajan]]'''
** [[Arvind Swamy]] – ''[[Meiyazhagan]]'' as Arulmozhi
** [[V R Dinesh]] – ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' as Poomalai / Gethu
** [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] – ''[[Thangalaan]]'' as Thangalaan Muni / Kaadaiyan / Arasan "Aaran" / Adhi Muni / Naga Muni
** [[Dhanush]] – ''[[Captain Miller (film)|Captain Miller]]'' as Analeesan "Easa" / Captain Miller
** [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] – ''[[Garudan (2024 film)|Garudan]]'' as Sokkan
** [[Vijay Sethupathi]] – ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]'' as Maharaja
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Sai Pallavi]] – ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' as Indu Rebecca Varghese'''
** [[Anna Ben]] – ''[[The Adamant Girl|Kottukkaali]]'' as Meena
** [[Keerthy Suresh]] – ''[[Raghu Thatha]]'' as Kayalvizhi Pandian
** [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] – ''[[Andhagan]]'' as Simi
** Sri Gouri Priya – ''[[Lover (2024 film)|Lover]]'' as Divya Shanmugam
** [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] – ''[[J Baby]]'' as J Baby

|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil|Best Supporting Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Tamil|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Karthi]] – ''[[Meiyazhagan]]'' as Meiyazhagan'''
** [[Anurag Kashyap]] – ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]'' as Selvam
** [[Bobby Deol]] – ''[[Kanguva]]'' as Udhiran
** [[Kaali Venkat]] – ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' as Karuppaiya
** [[Shantanu Bhagyaraj]] – ''[[Blue Star (2024 film)|Blue Star]]'' as Rajesh
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] – ''[[Thangalaan]]'' as Gengammal'''
* '''[[Swasika]] – ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' as Yasodhai'''
** [[Dushara Vijayan]] – ''[[Raayan]]'' as Durga
** [[Nikhila Vimal]] – ''[[Vaazhai]]'' as Poongodi
** [[Priya Anand]] – ''[[Andhagan]]'' as Julie
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Tamil|Best Lyricist]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] – ''[[Amaran (soundtrack)|Amaran]]'''''
** [[A. R. Rahman]] – ''[[Raayan (soundtrack)|Raayan]]''
** [[Anirudh Ravichander]] – ''[[Vettaiyan (soundtrack)|Vettaiyan]]''
** [[Santhosh Narayanan]] – ''[[Vaazhai]]''
** [[Sean Roldan]] – ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Uma Devi K]] – "Yaaro Ivan Yaaro" from ''[[Meiyazhagan]]'''''
** [[Karthik Netha]] – "Hey Minnale" from ''[[Amaran (soundtrack)|Amaran]]''
** [[Mohan Rajan]] – "Aasa Orave" from ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]''
** [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] – "Uyirey" from ''Amaran''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Playback Singer – Male]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Playback Singer – Female]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Haricharan]] – "Hey Minnale" from ''[[Amaran (soundtrack)|Amaran]]'''''
** [[Kapil Kapilan]] – "Vennilavu Saaral" from ''Amaran''
** [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]] – "Chillanjirukkiye" from ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]''
** [[Sanjay Subrahmanyan]] – "Manasula" from ''[[Viduthalai 2]]''
** [[Sid Sriram]] – "Thaaye Thaaye" from ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]''
** Vijay Narain – "Poraen Naa Poraen" from ''[[Meiyazhagan]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Shweta Mohan]] – "Hey Minnale" from ''[[Amaran (soundtrack)|Amaran]]'''''
** [[Ananya Bhat]] – "Manasula" from ''[[Viduthalai 2]]''
** [[Dhee (singer)|Dhee]] – "Thenkizhakku" from ''[[Vaazhai]]''
** [[Ganavya]] – "Oh Raaya" from ''[[Raayan (soundtrack)|Raayan]]''
** [[Sakthisree Gopalan]] – "Thaensudare" from ''[[Lover (2024 film)|Lover]]''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Critics Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Critics Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Arvind Swamy]] – ''[[Meiyazhagan]]'' as Arulmozhi Varman'''
|
* '''[[Anna Ben]] – ''[[The Adamant Girl|Kottukkaali]]'' as Meena'''
|}
====Telugu cinema====
{| class="wikitable" width=100% |
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' – Naveen Yerneni and Y. Ravi Shankar, producers'''
** ''[[35 Chinna Katha Kaadu]]'' – Srujan Yarabolu and Siddharth Rallapalli, producers
** ''[[Committee Kurrollu]]'' – Padmaja Konidela and Jayalakshmi Adapaka
** ''[[Hanu-Man]]'' – K. Niranjan Reddy, producer
** ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'' – [[C. Aswini Dutt]], producer
** ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]'' – Suryadevara Naga Vamsi and Sai Soujanya, producers

| valign="top" |
* '''[[Sukumar]]''' '''– ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'''''
** [[Nag Ashwin]] – ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
** Nanda Kishore Emani – ''[[35 Chinna Katha Kaadu]]''
** [[Prasanth Varma]] – ''[[Hanu-Man]]''
** [[Venky Atluri]] – ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]''
** Yadhu Vamsi – ''[[Committee Kurrollu]]''
|-

! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress]]
|-
|valign="top" |
* '''[[Allu Arjun]] – ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' as Pushpa Raj'''
** [[Dulquer Salmaan]] – ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]'' as Baskhar Kumar
** [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] – ''[[Devara: Part 1]]'' as Devara / Vara
** [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] – ''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]'' as Surya
** [[Siddhu Jonnalagadda]] – ''[[Tillu Square]]'' as Bala Gangadhar Tilak
** [[Teja Sajja]] – ''[[Hanu-Man]]'' as Hanumanthu
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Nivetha Thomas]] – ''[[35 Chinna Katha Kaadu]]'' as Bala Saraswati'''
** [[Anupama Parameswaran]] – ''[[Tillu Square]]'' as Lilly Joseph
** [[Ashika Ranganath]] – ''[[Naa Saami Ranga]]'' as Varalakshmi
** [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]] – ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]'' as Sumathi
** [[Priyanka Mohan]] – ''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]'' as Charulatha
** [[Rashmika Mandanna]] – ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' as Srivalli

|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Amitabh Bachchan]] – ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'' as [[Ashwatthama]]'''
** [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]] – [[Zebra (film)|''Zebra'']] as Aditya Devaraj
** [[Fahadh Faasil]] – ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' as Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat
** [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] – ''[[Mathu Vadalara 2]]'' as Yesu Das
** [[S. J. Surya]] – ''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]'' as R. Dayanand
** [[Vinay Rai]] – ''[[Hanu-Man]]'' as Michael / Mega Man
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] – ''[[Gangs of Godavari]]'' as Rathnamala'''
** [[Faria Abdullah]] – ''[[Mathu Vadalara 2]]'' as Nidhi
** [[Rashi Singh]] – ''[[Prasanna Vadanam]]'' as Vaidehi
** [[Sharanya Pradeep]] – ''[[Ambajipeta Marriage Band]]'' as Padma
** [[Shraddha Srinath]] – ''[[Mechanic Rocky]]'' as Apsara / Maya
** [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] – ''[[Hanu-Man]]'' as Anjamma
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Devi Sri Prasad]] – ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule (soundtrack)|Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'''''
** [[Anirudh Ravichander]] – ''[[Devara: Part 1 (soundtrack)|Devara: Part 1]]''
** [[Chaitan Bharadwaj]] – ''[[Harom Hara]]''
** [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] – ''[[Lucky Baskhar (soundtrack)|Lucky Baskhar]]''
** Gowra Hari, [[Anudeep Dev]], Krishna Saurabh – ''[[Hanu-Man (soundtrack)|Hanu-Man]]''
** [[Jakes Bejoy]] – ''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram (soundtrack)|Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]''
** [[Thaman S]] – ''[[Guntur Kaaram (soundtrack)|Guntur Kaaram]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Ramajogayya Sastry]] – "[[Chuttamalle]]" from ''[[Devara: Part 1 (soundtrack)|Devara: Part 1]]'''''
** [[Krishna Kanth]] – "Aa Rojulu Malli Raavu" from ''[[Committee Kurrollu]]''
** Ramajogayya Sastry – "Dum Masala" from ''[[Guntur Kaaram (soundtrack)|Guntur Kaaram]]''
** Ramajogayya Sastry – "[[Kurchi Madathapetti]]" from ''Guntur Kaaram''
** [[Sri Mani]] – "Srimathi Garu" from ''[[Lucky Baskhar (soundtrack)|Lucky Baskhar]]''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Playback Singer – Male]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Playback Singer – Female]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]] – "[[Kurchi Madathapetti]]" from ''[[Guntur Kaaram (soundtrack)|Guntur Kaaram]]'''''
** [[Anirudh Ravichander]] – "The Fear Song" from ''[[Devara: Part 1 (soundtrack)|Devara: Part 1]]''
** [[Anurag Kulkarni]] – "Suttamla Soosi" from ''[[Gangs of Godavari]]''
** [[Arijit Singh]] – "Anuvanuvu" from ''[[Om Bheem Bush]]''
** Gowra Hari – "Poolamme Pilla" from ''[[Hanu-Man (soundtrack)|Hanu-Man]]''
** [[Ram Miriyala]] – "Sufiyana" from ''[[Aay (film)|Aay]]''
** [[Sanjith Hegde]] – "Dum Masala" from ''Guntur Kaaram''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Shilpa Rao]] – "[[Chuttamalle]]" from ''[[Devara: Part 1 (soundtrack)|Devara: Part 1]]'''''
** [[Mangli]] – "Gulledu Gulledu" from ''[[Mechanic Rocky]]''
** [[Shreya Ghoshal]] – "Sooseki" from ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule (soundtrack)|Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''
** [[Usha Uthup]] – "Title Track" from ''[[Lucky Baskhar (soundtrack)|Lucky Baskhar]]''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Critics Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Critics Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Teja Sajja]] – ''[[Hanu-Man]]'' as Hanumanthu'''
|
* '''[[Kajal Aggarwal]] – ''[[Satyabhama (2024 film)|Satyabhama]]'' as Satyabhama IPS'''
|}

===Technical awards===
{| class="wikitable"
![[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematographer]]
|-
|
* '''CH Sai (Tamil) – ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'''''
|-
|
* '''Sunil K. S. (Malayalam) – ''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]'''''
|-
![[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South|Best Choreographer]]
|-
|
* '''[[Sekhar (choreographer)|Sekhar]] (Telugu) – "[[Kurchi Madathapetti]]" from ''[[Guntur Kaaram]]'''''
|-
![[Filmfare Award for Best Art Director – South|Best Production Design]]
|-
|
*'''Nitin Zihani Choudhary (Telugu) – ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'''''
*'''Ramakrishna & Monica (Telugu) – ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'''''
|}

=== Special awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
![[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
|-
|
* '''[[Sreenivasan]]'''{{Efn|Awarded posthumously}}
|-
|
* '''[[Sreekumaran Thampi]]'''
|-
!Critics Best Film (Director)
|-
|
* '''''[[Lucky Baskhar]]''''' '''([[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Telugu|Telugu]]) – [[Venky Atluri]]'''
|-
|
*'''''[[Meiyazhagan]]''''' '''([[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Tamil|Tamil]]) – [[C. Prem Kumar]]'''
|-
|
* '''''[[Ullozhukku]]'' ([[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Malayalam|Malayalam]]) – [[Christo Tomy]]'''
* '''''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]''''' '''([[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Malayalam|Malayalam]]) – [[Dinjith Ayyathan]]'''
|-
|
* '''''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]'' ([[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Kannada|Kannada]]) – Srinidhi Bengaluru'''
|-
! [[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director – South|Best Debut Director]]
|-
|
* '''Yadhu Vamsi (Telugu) – ''[[Committee Kurrollu]]'''''
|-
|
*'''Suresh Mari (Tamil) – ''[[J Baby]]'''''
*'''Tamizharasan Pachamuthu (Tamil) – ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'''''
|-
|
* '''Jithin Laal (Malayalam) – ''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]'''''
* '''[[Joju George]]''' '''(Malayalam) – [[Pani (film)|''Pani'']]'''
|-
![[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South|Best Male Debut]]
|-
|
* '''Sandeep Saroj (Telugu) – ''[[Committee Kurrollu]]'' as Shiva'''
|-
|
* '''[[Hridhu Haroon]] (Tamil) – ''[[Thugs (film)|Thugs]]'' as Sethu Padmakumar'''
|-
|
* '''Abhimanyu Shammy Thilakan''' '''(Malayalam) – [[Marco (2024 film)|''Marco'']] as Russell Isaac'''
* '''K. R. Gokul''' '''(Malayalam) – [[The Goat Life|''Aadujeevitham'']] as Hakim'''
|-
|
* '''[[Samarjit Lankesh]]''' '''(Kannada) – [[Gowri (2024 film)|''Gowri'']] as Raja / Gowri'''
|-
![[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South|Best Female Debut]]
|-
|
* '''Nayan Sarika (Telugu) – ''[[Aay (film)|Aay]]'' as "Funk" Pallavi'''
|-
|
* '''Sri Gouri Priya (Tamil) – ''[[Lover (2024 film)|Lover]]'' as Divya Shanmugam'''
|-
|
* '''[[Methil Devika]]''' '''(Malayalam) – ''[[Kadha Innuvare]]'' as M. S. Lekshmi'''
|-
|
* '''Bindu Shivaram (Kannada) – ''[[Kerebete]]'' as Meena'''
|-
![[Filmfare Special Award – South|Outstanding Performance]]
|-
|
* '''[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] (Tamil) – ''[[Thangalaan]]'' as Thangalaan Muni / Kaadaiyan / Arasan "Aaran" / Adhi Muni / Naga Muni'''
|-
![[Filmfare Special Award – South|Breakthrough In Filmmaking]]
|-
|
* '''[[Anand Ekarshi]]''' '''(Malayalam)''' '''– ''[[Aattam]]'''''
|-
![[Filmfare Special Award – South|Cine Icon Award]]
|-
|
* [[Bhavana (actress)|'''Bhavana''']]
|}

== Superlatives ==
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Films with multiple nominations
! Nominations !! Film
|-
!10
|''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]''
|-
! rowspan="2" |8
|''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]''
|-
|''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" |7
|''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]''
|-
|''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]''
|-
|''[[Hanu-Man]]''
|-
|''[[Lucky Baskhar]]''
|-
|''[[Lubber Pandhu]]''
|-
|''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''
|-
! rowspan="2" |6
|''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]''
|-
|''[[Meiyazhagan]]''
|-
! rowspan="7" |5
|''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]''
|-
|''[[Bramayugam]]''
|-
|''[[Guntur Kaaram]]''
|-
|''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]''
|-
|''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]''
|-
|''[[Varshangalkku Shesham]]''
|-
|''[[Vaazhai]]''
|-
! rowspan="7" |4
|''[[Bagheera (2024 film)|Bagheera]]''
|-
|''[[Bougainvillea (film)|Bougainvillea]]''
|-
|''[[Kerebete]]''
|-
|''[[All We Imagine as Light|Prabhayay Ninachathellam]]''
|-
|''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]''
|-
|''[[Shakhahaari]]''
|-
|''[[Ullozhukku]]''
|-
! rowspan="11" |3
|''[[35 Chinna Katha Kaadu]]''
|-
|''[[Aattam]]''
|-
|''[[Committee Kurrollu]]''
|-
|''[[Hadinelentu]]''
|-
|''[[Ibbani Tabbida Ileyali]]''
|-
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
|-
|''[[The Adamant Girl|Kottukkaali]]''
|-
|''[[Photo (2023 film)|Photo]]''
|-
|''[[Rifle Club (film)|Rifle Club]]''
|-
|''[[Sookshmadarshini]]''
|-
|''[[Thangalaan]]''
|-
! rowspan="15" |2
|''[[Andhagan]]''
|-
|''[[Gangs of Godavari]]''
|-
|''[[Jai Ganesh (film)|Jai Ganesh]]''
|-
|''[[Karataka Damanaka]]''
|-
|''[[Lover (2024 film)|Lover]]''
|-
|''[[Malaikottai Vaaliban]]''
|-
|''[[Manjummel Boys]]''
|-
|''[[Maryade Prashne]]''
|-
|''[[Mathu Vadalara 2]]''
|-
|''[[Mechanic Rocky]]''
|-
|''[[Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe]]''
|-
|''[[Premalu]]''
|-
|''[[Raayan (soundtrack)|Raayan]]''
|-
|''[[Roopanthara]]''
|-
|''[[Viduthalai 2]]''
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Films with multiple awards (including non-competitive)
! Awards !! Film
|-
!8
|''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]''
|-
! rowspan="2" |5
|''[[The Goat Life|Aadujeevitham]]''
|-
|''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''
|-
!4
|''[[Meiyazhagan]]''
|-
! rowspan="2" |3
|''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]''
|-
|''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''
|-
! rowspan="13" |2
|''[[Aattam]]''
|-
|[[ARM (soundtrack)|''ARM'']]
|-
|''[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]]''
|-
|''[[Bramayugam]]''
|-
|''[[Committee Kurrollu]]''
|-
|''[[Devara: Part 1]]''
|-
|''[[Guntur Kaaram]]''
|-
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
|-
|''[[Kerebete]]''
|-
|''[[The Adamant Girl|Kottukkaali]]''
|-
|''[[Lubber Pandhu]]''
|-
|''[[Thangalaan]]''
|-
|''[[Ullozhukku]]''
|}
== Presenters and performers ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Performers
!Performer
!Work
|-
|[[Aparna Balamurali]]
| rowspan="5" |Dance
|-
|[[Nidhhi Agerwal]]
|-
|[[Pranitha Subhash]]
|-
|[[Sanya Malhotra]]
|-
|Trisha Shetty
|}

==Notes==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.filmfare.com/awards/70th-filmfare-awards-south/}}
{{Filmfare Awards South}}

[[Category:Filmfare Awards South by year]]
[[Category:February 2026 in India]]
[[Category:2024 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:2026 awards in India]]

Babu Nagawa

2026-04-12T17:24:55Z

Vikifzj: added a entry - done

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Babu Nagwa
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.451|N|83.134|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3= [[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]]
|demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_info2 = English
| demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 273411
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-551
| registration_plate = UP 53
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000/944 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|26|°C|°F}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|40|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|18|°C|°F}}
}}

'''Babu Nagwa''' is a village located in the [[Gorakhpur district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. Lucknow is the state capital for Babu Nagwa village, located {{Convert|406.9|km|mi}} away from Babu Nagwa. Arjun Singh Srinet Born here.

{{Gorakhpur district}}

[[Category:Villages in Gorakhpur district]]

{{Gorakhpur-geo-stub}}

Dhanpal Suryanarayana Gupta

2026-04-04T20:24:51Z

Vikifzj: Put up a stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| order =
| office = Member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| constituency =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| signature =
| website =
}}
'''Dhanpal Suryanarayana Gupta''' (born 1958) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]] state. He is a member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Nizamabad Urban Assembly constituency]] in [[Nizamabad district]]. He represented [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and was elected as an MLA in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Nizamabad (Urban) Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Dhanpal Suryanarayana defeats INC's Mohammed Ali Shabbir with 15387 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/nizamabad-urban-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470929-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanpal Suryanarayana, BJP Candidate from Nizamabad Urban Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/telangana/dhanpal-suryanarayana-assembly-candidate-s29aed2008a017e2023c002/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gupta is from Nizamabad, Telangana. His father is Dhanpal Vittal. He did his B.Com. in 1979 at Mandhumalancha Degree College, [[Bodhan]], which is affiliated with [[Osmania University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanpal Suryanarayana(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- NIZAMABAD (URBAN)(NIZAMABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=252 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gupta served as the BJP's state executive committee member and was nominated to contest the Nizamabad Urban seat and was backed by the area's Member of Parliament Dharmapuri Arvind.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pulloor |first=Narender |date=2023-06-09 |title=MP Arvind adopted two pronged strategy strengthen BJP, weaken BRS, Congress {{!}} MP Arvind adopted two pronged strategy strengthen BJP, weaken BRS, Congress |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/080623/mp-arvind-adopted-two-pronged-strategy-strengthen-bjp-weaken-brs-con.html |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> He was elected from [[Nizamabad Urban Assembly constituency|Nizamabad Urban constituency]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 75,240 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Mohammed Ali Shabbir]] of [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 15,387 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Nizamabad (Urban) Telangana constituency election result 2023: Dhanpal Suryanarayana of BJP defeats Mohammed Ali Shabbir of Congress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/nizamabad-urban-telangana-constituency-election-result-2023-dhanpal-suryanarayana-of-bjp-leading-against-mohammed-ali-shabbir-of-congress-sama-ranga-reddy/articleshow/105694861.cms |access-date=2024-07-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Nizamabad (urban) Telangana Assembly Constituency Election 2023: Date of Result, Voting, Counting; Candidates |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nizamabad-urban-telangana-constituency-election-2023-candidates-list-election-voting-election-result-date-winner-runner-up-details/3281095/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Nizamabad (urban) Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp Candidate Dhanpal Suryanarayana Wins From Nizamabad (urban) |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/nizamabad-urban-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-trs-bjp-congress-aimim-telangana-assembly-election-results-news-1647232 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> He first contested on the BJP ticket in the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] but could only finish third behind winner, Bigala Ganesh of the [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] and Mir Majaz Ali Shaik of the [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]. He polled 28,301 votes while Ganesh got 42,148 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nizamabad (urban) Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/nizamabad-urban-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency#2014 |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suryanarayana Gupta, Dhanpal}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Nizamabad, Telangana]]

Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-04T15:14:40Z

Vikifzj:

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Bhubaneswar {{Small|OD-18}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Odisha/Bhubaneswar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| electors = 16,75,019{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
| incumbent_image = Aparajita Sarangi, MP (Lok Sabha) meeting with the President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan (cropped).jpg
| mp = [[Aparajita Sarangi]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}} [[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Jayadev (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jayadev]] [[Bhubaneswar Central Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar Central]] [[Bhubaneswar North Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar North]] [[Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Ekamra-Bhubaneswar]] [[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]] [[Begunia Assembly constituency|Begunia]] [[Khurda Assembly constituency|Khurda]]
}}

'''Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha Constituency''' is one of the 21 [[Lok Sabha]] (Parliamentary) Constituencies in [[Odisha]] state in [[Eastern India|eastern]] [[India]].

== Assembly Segments==
Assembly Constituencies which constitute this Parliamentary Constituency, after delimitation of Parliamentary Constituencies and Legislative Assembly Constituencies of 2008 are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/odisha/bhubaneswar/electiondata.aspx|title=Bhubaneswar, Odisha|accessdate=25 March 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|111
|[[Jayadev Assembly constituency|Jayadev]] (SC)
| rowspan="7" |[[Khordha district|Khurda]]
|[[Naba Kishor Mallick]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|112
|[[Bhubaneswar Central Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar Central]]
|[[Ananta Narayan Jena]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|113
|[[Bhubaneswar North Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar North]]
|[[Susant Kumar Rout]]
|-
|114
|[[Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Ekamra-Bhubaneswar]]
|[[Babu Singh (Odisha politician)|Babu Singh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|115
|[[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]]
|[[Bibhuti Bhusan Balabantaray]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|116
|[[Begunia Assembly constituency|Begunia]]
|[[Pradip Kumar Sahu]]
|-
|117
|[[Khurda Assembly constituency|Khurda]]
|[[Prasanta Kumar Jagadev]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

Assembly Constituencies which constituted this Parliamentary Constituency, before delimitation of Parliamentary Constituencies and Legislative Assembly Constituencies of 2008 are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=20 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304184320/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Jatani]], [[Khurda]], [[Begunia]], [[Nayagarh]], [[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapada]] and [[Daspalla]].

== Elected members ==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|47.36}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|48.43}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|49.25}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|56.31}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|51.32}}
{{bar percent|1999|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|66.27}}
{{bar percent|1998|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|57.61}}
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.45}}
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|43.48}}
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|58.51}}
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|60.07}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.53}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|44.9}}
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.89}}
}}

Since its formation in 1952, 18 elections have been held till date.

List of members elected from Bhubaneswar constituency are

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''As Khurda Constituency''}}
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Lingaraj Misra]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''As Bhubaneswar Constituency''}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|Nrusinha Charan Samantasinhar
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|Raja Purna Chandra Bhanja Deo
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chintamani Panigrahi]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Sivaji Patnaik]]
|{{full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chintamani Panigrahi]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sivaji Patnaik]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Prasanna Kumar Patasani]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|rowspan=2|[[Aparajita Sarangi]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25th May 2024 in 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Aparajita Sarangi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Manmath Routray by a margin of 35,152 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhubaneswar lok sabha election results 2024: Bhubaneswar Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/odisha/bhubaneswar-constituency-result-18518 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Bhubaneswar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Aparajita Sarangi]]
|votes = 5,12,519
|percentage = 47.36
|change = {{down}}1.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Manmath Routray
|votes = 4,77,367
|percentage = 44.11
|change = {{down}}1.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Syed Yashir Nawaz
|votes = 66,362
|percentage = 6.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 8,302
|percentage = 0.77
|change = {{down}}0.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Suresh Chandra Panigrahy
|votes = 4148
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 35,152
|percentage = 3.25
|change = {{up}}0.87
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,83,541
|percentage = 64.69
|change = {{up}}5.52
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In [[2019 Indian general election|2019 election]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Aparajita Sarangi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Arup Patnaik|Arup Mohan Patnaik]] by a margin of 23,839 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Bhubaneswar 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=17&pcname=Bhubaneswar&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
| title=[[2019 Indian general election in Odisha|2019 Indian general election]]: [[Bhubaneswar]]<ref name="TP Par Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates (Phase-III) (PC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-PC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=9907 | title=Aparajita Sarangi(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BHUBANESWAR(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019 candidate list for Odisha |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-candidate-list-for-odisha/articleshow/68686594.cms |accessdate=10 April 2019 |work=Business Insider India}}</ref><ref name="News18 2019">{{cite web | title=Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live: Bhubaneswar Constituency Election Results, News, Candidates, Vote Paercentage | website=News18 | date=2019-04-23 | url=https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/bhubaneswar-election-result-s18p18/ | access-date=2020-07-29}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Aparajita Sarangi]]
|votes = 4,86,991
|percentage = 48.45
|change = {{increase}}20.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Arup Patnaik|Arup Mohan Patnaik]]
|votes = 4,63,152
|percentage = 46.07
|change = {{decrease}}3.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Janardan Pati
|votes = 23,026
|percentage = 2.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Niranjan Sahoo
|votes = 19,410
|percentage = 1.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 6,156
|percentage = 0.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 23,839
|percentage = 2.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,05,624
|percentage = 59.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In [[2014 Indian general election|2014 election]], [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prasanna Kumar Patasani]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Prithviraj Harichandan]] by a margin of 1,89,477 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Bhubaneswar 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=16&pcname=Bhubaneswar&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhubaneswar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1818.htm?ac=18|title=Odisha - Bhubaneswar|work=Election Commission of India|accessdate=26 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214119/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1818.htm?ac=18|archivedate=27 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Prasanna Kumar Patasani]]
|votes = 4,39,252
|percentage = 49.25
|change = {{down}}7.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Prithviraj Harichandan]]
|votes = 2,49,775
|percentage = 28.00
|change = {{up}}14.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Bijay Mohanty]]
|votes = 1,45,783
|percentage = 16.34
|change = {{down}}4.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aama Odisha Party
|candidate = Sunjoy Hans
|votes = 29,505
|percentage = 3.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 8,140
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Bismaya Mahapatra
|votes = 7,112
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,89,477
|percentage = 21.25
|change = {{down}}14.30
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,91,958
|percentage = 58.38
|change = {{up}}9.24
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prasanna Kumar Patasani]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Santosh Mohanty by a margin of 2,52,760 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Bhubaneswar 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=15&pcname=Bhubaneswar&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhubaneswar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Prasanna Kumar Patasani]]
|votes = 4,00,472
|percentage = 56.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Santosh Mohanty
|votes = 1,47,712
|percentage = 20.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Archana Nayak
|votes = 93,980
|percentage = 13.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = Bira Oriya Party
|candidate = Nabaghan Parida
|votes = 22,325
|percentage = 3.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,52,760
|percentage = 35.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,11,041
|percentage = 49.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord |20.325984| 85.819077|display=title}}
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Odisha}}
{{Odisha elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhubaneswar Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Odisha]]
[[Category:Khordha district]]

Tharagu

2026-04-01T05:53:47Z

Vikifzj: Created A Post V1

{{No plot|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Tharagu.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Kalanidhi
| writer = Kalanidhi
| producer = Raja
| starring = Sanjay [[Madhuri Itagi|Dimple]]
| cinematography = A. Kasi Vishwa
| editing = S. Ashok Mehta
| music = [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
| studio = K R K Cine Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008|3|28}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Tharagu''''' is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Kalanidhi and starring Sanjay and [[Madhuri Itagi|Dimple]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasa |first=Srikanth |date=6 September 2012 |title=Comedian Sharan's 100th film |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-sharan/20120906.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130201311/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-sharan/20120906.htm |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*Sanjay as Reghu
*[[Madhuri Itagi|Dimple]] as Kanmani
*Babilona as a rich woman
*[[Rajan P. Dev]] as the encounter specialist
*[[Cochin Haneefa|V. M. C. Haneefa]] as Kanmani's assistant
*[[Vaiyapuri]]
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as the minister
*[[Mahanadi Shankar]] as the deputy secretary
*[[Poovilangu Mohan]]
*[[Singamuthu]]
*[[Ganeshkar]]
*[[Lakshana (actress)|Lakshana]]
}}

== Production ==
This film marked the debut of Sanjay who starred in ''Ayyavazhi'' (2008) and ''Siruvani'' (2015) amongst four other unreleased films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2012 |title=Deva scores, and how! |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/deva-scores-and-how/article4252686.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203033902/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/deva-scores-and-how/article4252686.ece |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tharagu (2007) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/tharagu-songs-T0001236 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203144957/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/tharagu-songs-T0001236 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> Andal Priyadarshini worked as a lyricist for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2012 |title=Waxing lyrical |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2009/Mar/09/waxing-lyrical-31717.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405183908/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2009/mar/09/waxing-lyrical-31717.html |archive-date=5 April 2022 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "The film leaves you exhausted, as it is lengthy and lacking in lustre. The new actors have miles to go, while the comedy track of Vyapuri and co is irritating. There are too many songs with stupid lines and embarrassing double meaning".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tharagu |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14631450&ctid=5&cid=2429 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331123557/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14631450&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=31 March 2008 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2008 Indian films]]
[[Category:2008 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:2008 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bharani (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Lybrate

2026-03-31T03:18:09Z

Vikifzj: Starting New Article!

{{Short description|Indian healthcare technology company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Lybrate
| logo = File:Lybrate logo.png
| logo_size = 200px
| image =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| predecessor =
| foundation =
| founders = Saurabh Arora Rahul Narang
| location_city = [[New Delhi]]
| location_country = India
| key_people =
| industry = [[Healthcare]]
| products =
| parent =
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year =
| homepage =
}}

'''Lybrate''' is a mobile healthcare technology company that developed an online platform to connect doctors and patients.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/startups/with-lybrate-a-doctor-is-just-a-click-away/48405/1|title=With Lybrate, a doctor is just a click away|website=[[Forbes India]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/250758|title=How Lybrate is democratising healthcare in India|last=Verma|first=Niharika|date=2015-09-17|work=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/52-Indians-self-medicate/articleshow/46844097.cms|title=52% Indians self-medicate - Times of India|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> The company was founded in 2013 and is headquartered in [[Delhi, India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vccircle.com/online-heathcare-startup-lybrate-raises-over-10m-tiger-global-ratan-tata/|title=Online healthcare startup Lybrate raises over $10M from Tiger Global & Ratan Tata|date=2015-07-09|work=[[VCCircle]]|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techstory.in/lybrate-07232015/|title=Lybrate Wins "Innovative Start Up of the Year" award at Entrepreneur India Awards 2015 - TechStory|date=2015-07-23|work=TechStory|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US}}</ref> The service allows patients to connect with the doctor online through a video call or schedule an appointment and can get info about [[medication]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/health-tech-platform-plans-to-expand-to-smaller-towns/article9464200.ece|title=Health tech platform plans to expand to smaller towns|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/12/lybrate-3-million/|title=India-based health platform Lybrate quietly raises $3M more|work=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indianweb2.com/2015/01/26/lybrate-indias-first-mobile-first-platform-connect-patients-doctors/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423051834/http://www.indianweb2.com/2015/01/26/lybrate-indias-first-mobile-first-platform-connect-patients-doctors/?|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 23, 2017|title=Lybrate Is India's First 'Mobile First' platform That Connect Patients With Doctors|date=2015-01-26|work=IndianWeb2.com|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/now-you-can-chat-with-a-doctor-on-facebook-messenger/story/232089.html|title=Now you can chat with a doctor on Facebook Messenger|website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=3 May 2016 |access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://healthtechnology.in/2016/02/04/lybrate-introduces-ask-the-specialist/|title=Lybrate introduces 'Ask the Specialist' {{!}} Latest Health Technology, Healthcare News|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==History==
The service was founded in July 2013 by Saurabh Arora and formerly worked at [[Facebook]] in the United States<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/Indian-App-built-by-ex-facebook-employee-helps-you-meet-doctors-through-text-voice-video-chat/articleshow/53064076.cms|title=This Indian App built by an Ex-Facebook employee gets you a doctor at the tap of a button|work=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/health/cover/medical-apps.html|title=The new lifeline|work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|access-date=2018-08-18|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820142431/https://www.theweek.in/health/cover/medical-apps.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Rahul Narang,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Winning-Stroke-Interview-With-Rahul-Narang-Co-Founder-CTO-Lybrate/07-04-2018-145498/|title=Winning Stroke: Interview With Rahul Narang, Co-Founder & CTO, Lybrate|last=Sharma|first=Jeet|work=[[BusinessWorld|BW Businessworld]]|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en}}</ref> former professionals of [[Snapdeal]]. Arora<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.expressbpd.com/healthcare/healthcare-senate-special/entrepreneurship-journey-challenging-yet-gratifying/372152/|title=Entrepreneurship journey: Challenging, yet gratifying - BPD|website=www.expressbpd.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> and Narang teamed up to create an online platform to connect patients with doctors and eliminate [[self-medication]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/earn/startup-lybrates-online-doctor-consultation-platform-expands-healthcare-access/articleshow/53113663.cms|title=Startup Lybrate's online doctor consultation platform expands healthcare access|last=Dwivedi|first=Vinay|date=2016-07-11|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digitalvidya.com/blog/lybrate-mobile-app-india-medical-app/|title=Lybrate App Is India's Number 1 Medical App By Leveraging Mobile|date=2016-07-28|work=Digital Vidya|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/52-per-cent-indians-indulge-in-selfmedication-survey/article7096902.ece|title=52 per cent Indians indulge in self-medication: survey|last=Perappadan|first=Bindu Shajan|date=2015-04-13|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> They started building the company with their own funds and in August 2014, they raised $1.23 million seed funding from Nexus Venture Partners.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianama.com/2014/08/223-lybrate-investment/|title=Lybrate raises $1.23 million investment - MediaNama|website=MediaNama|date=19 August 2014 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/now-talk-to-a-doctor-online/262879/|title=Now, talk to a doctor online|date=2016-05-23|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2015, Lybrate raised $10.2 million Series A funding led by [[Tiger Global]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theindianpanorama.news/unitedstates/apple-features-doctor-consultation-app-lybrate-in-the-app-store-best-of-2015/|title=Apple features doctor consultation app Lybrate in 'The App Store Best of 2015' — The Indian Panorama|last=Bureau|first=The Indian Panorama Staff - TIP|date=2015-12-13|work=The Indian Panorama|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Nexus and [[Ratan Tata]], Chairman Emeritus of Tata Sons<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/ratan-tata-invests-in-online-healthcare-startup-lybrate/story/221452.html|title=Ratan Tata invests in online healthcare startup Lybrate|website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=8 July 2015 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> to scale technology and operations, develop products and recruit talent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Tiger-Global-Nexus-Venture-Ratan-Tata-Backed-Lybrate-Democratizing-Healthcare-in-the-Country/16-12-2016-109936/|title=Tiger Global Nexus Venture Ratan Tata Backed Lybrate Democratizing Healthcare in the Country|last=Sangwan|first=Sujata|work=BW Disrupt|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://inc42.com/startups/lybrate-growth-story/|title=4 Mn Downloads, 100K Doctors, $11.43 Mn Funding: Healthcare Platform Lybrate Looks To Close 'Awareness-Engagement-Action' Loop For Patients - Inc42 Media|date=2016-12-10|work=Inc42 Media|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/lybrate-gets-36102m-fundingtatatiger-globalnvp-1432689.html|title=Lybrate gets $10.2m funding from Tata, Tiger Global & NVP|website=[[Moneycontrol]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> In 2015, Lybrate collaborated with [[Indian Medical Association]] as digital partner to educate doctors, incorporate technology in their practice for communicating with patients.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/lybrate-ties-up-with-ima-to-help-doctors-go-digital-733493|title=Lybrate Ties Up With IMA to Help Doctors Go Digital|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dqweek.com/lybrate-medical-technological-solution-and-the-resources-dilemma-of-india/|title=Medical-Technological Solution of Lybrate and the Resources Dilemma of India-DQWeek|website=www.dqweek.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ehealth.eletsonline.com/2015/08/lybrate-indian-medical-association-join-hands-as-digital-partner/|title=Lybrate, Indian Medical Association Join Hands as Digital Partner|website=ehealth.eletsonline.com|date=31 August 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>

==Products and services==
Lybrate was initially launched to connect people with [[healthcare professionals]], allowing them to book appointments with doctors using the [[web portal]] and [[mobile application]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/lybrate-chatbot-facebook-messenger-doctor-2780713/|title=Lybrate introduces Facebook Messenger chatbot to let users consult doctors|date=2016-05-02|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/net-news/now-get-health-tips-on-facebook-messenger-with-lybrates-chatbot_1881824.html|title=Now get health tips on Facebook Messenger with Lybrate's chatbot!|date=2016-05-03|work=[[Zee News]]|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en}}</ref> In May 2016, Lybrate launch Lybrate Lab+,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gadgetsnow.com/tech-news/Lybrate-app-now-offers-online-medical-lab-tests/articleshow/52155869.cms|title=Lybrate app now offers 'online' medical lab tests {{!}} Gadgets Now|website=Gadget Now|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> an online lab testing service that allows a patient sample to be collected right from their home, with results later shared online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franchiseindia.com/content/Lybrate|title=Lybrate Articles and Information - Franchise India|website=www.franchiseindia.com|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/startups/lybrate-app-to-offer-online-medical-lab-tests/52160911|title=Lybrate app to offer online medical lab tests - ETtech|last=www.ETtech.com|website=ETtech.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-18|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820111422/https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/startups/lybrate-app-to-offer-online-medical-lab-tests/52160911|url-status=dead}}</ref> It also provides patient management services for doctors, and remote doctor-patient consultancy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.franchiseindia.com/wellness/e-Power-is-making-Healthcare-in-India-seamless-for-consumers.5737|title='e' Power is making Healthcare in India seamless for consumers|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiapages.in/lybrate-adds-labs-platform-launches-indias-first-integrated-healthcare-solution-2141.html|title=Lybrate Adds Labs To Platform; Launches India's First Integrated Healthcare Solution - Indiapages|last=ip_admin|date=2016-05-06|work=Indiapages|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820105818/https://www.indiapages.in/lybrate-adds-labs-platform-launches-indias-first-integrated-healthcare-solution-2141.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The service currently has over 1 [[lakh]] (100,000) certified doctors available and connect patients with medical care professionals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dqindia.com/online-doctor-consultation-app-lybrate-crosses-3-million-downloads/|title=Online doctor consultation app Lybrate crosses 3 million downloadsDATAQUEST|website=www.dqindia.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiatechonline.com/e-healthcare.php?id=29|title=Lybrate launches online lab test service|website=www.indiatechonline.com|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indiansnews.com/health/lybrate-facebook-messenger-chatbot-to-answer-your-health-queries/|title=Lybrate : Facebook Messenger chatbot to answer your health queries - Indiansnews|date=2016-05-03|work=Indiansnews|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820105723/https://indiansnews.com/health/lybrate-facebook-messenger-chatbot-to-answer-your-health-queries/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/pristyn-care-acquires-online-doctor-consultation-platform-lybrate/articleshow/92058551.cms|title=Pristyn Care acquires online doctor consultation platform Lybrate|access-date=2023-01-10|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Official website|https://www.lybrate.com/}}

[[Category:Health software]]

George Bogle (diplomat)

2026-03-30T15:27:37Z

Vikifzj: Put up pg

{{Short description|Scottish adventurer and diplomat}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
[[File:George Bogle date unknown.png|thumb|Portrait of George Bogle, late teens]]

'''George Bogle''' (26 November 1746 – 3 April 1781)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wvMRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47 Charles Edward Buckland, ''Dictionary of Indian Biography'']</ref><ref>Stewart, Gordeon T., ''Journeys to Empire: Enlightenment, Imperialism, and the British Encounter with Tibet, 1774–1904'', Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 15. {{ISBN|978-0-521-51502-3}}</ref> was a Scottish adventurer and diplomat, the first to establish diplomatic relations with [[Tibet]] and to attempt recognition by the Chinese [[Qing dynasty]]. His mission is still used today as a reference point in debates between China and Tibetan independence activists.

==Family background==
George Bogle was the third son of a wealthy [[Glasgow]] merchant, [[George Bogle of Daldowie]], one of the [[Tobacco Lords]] and Anne Sinclair, a [[gentry|gentlewoman]] directly descended from James I and James II of Scotland. His father had extensive connections in the Scottish landed, commercial, and governmental elite, as well as trading contacts across the [[British Empire]].<ref>Teltscher, Kate. (2006). ''The High Road to China: George Bogle, the Panchen Lama and the First British Expedition to Tibet'', p. 26. Bloomsbury, London, 2006. {{ISBN|0-374-21700-9}}</ref>

The Scots [[gentry]] to whom he belonged were, in turn, in the 18th century, a key feature in the British state. Their political allegiance was often managed through [[patronage]]. In particular, [[Henry Dundas]] was able to offer the younger sons of [[gentry]] opportunities in [[British East India Company|India]].{{cn|date=March 2023}} This was to be a significant feature in George's career.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

==Education and early career==
Born in 1746 at the family seat of [[Daldowie]], on the right bank of the [[River Clyde|Clyde River]] as the youngest of seven surviving children<ref>{{cite book|first=Jeremy |last=Bernstein|title=Dawning of the Raj: The Life and Trials of Warren Hastings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwVuAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Ivan R. Dee|isbn=978-1-56663-281-2|page=5}}</ref> and the youngest of three brothers, his elder brother John Bogle eventually came to own a [[Plantation complexes in the Southern United States|plantation]] in [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]]. His other brother, Robert, after the failure of a business adventure in [[London]] (the importing house of "''Bogle and Scott''"), established a [[cotton]] [[plantation]] in [[Grenada]]. Both these brothers were intimately involved in the [[Atlantic slave trade|Transatlantic slave trade]]. His four sisters married into their gentry network of traders, [[laird]]s and [[lawyer]]s. His mother died when he was thirteen. The following year he matriculated at [[Edinburgh University]] where he studied [[logic]]. He completed his education, when he was 18, at a private academy in [[Enfield Town|Enfield]], near London. Following this, he spent six months travelling in [[Kingdom of France|France]]. His brother Robert then took him on as a clerk in his London offices of ''Bogle and Scott'' where he spent four years as a cashier.<ref>Teltscher, Kate. (2006). ''[[The High Road to China (book)|The High Road to China: George Bogle, the Panchen Lama and the First British Expedition to Tibet]]'', p. 27. Bloomsbury, London, 2006. {{ISBN|0-374-21700-9}}</ref>

==India==
Using his family network, he secured an appointment as a writer in the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] (BEIC). In 1770, he landed in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], the centre of East India Company power in India.{{sfn|Henderson|1886}} His extensive letters home, as well as his journal entries, show him to have been a lively, entertaining and perceptive writer. The comments of his colleagues and others show him to have been an agreeable, indeed playful – if sometimes riotous – companion. These qualities no doubt influenced [[Warren Hastings]], the [[Governor-general|Governor-General]] of the BEIC, when he appointed him as his private secretary.<ref>{{cite book|first=Clare|last=Harris|title=The Museum on the Roof of the World: Art, Politics, and the Representation of Tibet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N979o0TR4uAC|year=2012|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-31747-2|page=29}}</ref> His letters show that he was aware of being under suspicion of corruption, and had some misgivings about it – Hastings would soon be [[Impeachment of Warren Hastings|impeached for corruption]] – although Bogle was determined to make his fortune come what may.

==Envoy to Bhutan and Tibet==
[[File:The Third Panchen Lama Receives George Bogle at Tashilhunpo, oil painting, Tilly Kettle, c. 1775.jpg|300px|thumb|The Sixth Panchen Lama Receives George Bogle at Tashilhunpo, oil painting by [[Tilly Kettle]], c. 1775.]]

In 1773, Hastings responded to an appeal for help from the [[Raja]] of the [[princely state]] of [[Cooch Behar State|Cooch Behar]] to the north of [[Bengal]], whose territory had been invaded by the [[Sonam Lhendup|Zhidar]] the [[Druk Desi]] of the [[Bhutan|Kingdom of Bhutan]] the previous year. Hastings agreed to help on the condition that Cooch Behar recognise British sovereignty.<ref name="Minahan2002">{{cite book|author=James Minahan|title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1566|date=30 May 2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-07696-1|page=1566}}</ref> The Raja agreed and with the help of British troops they pushed the Bhutanese out of the [[Duars]] and into the foothills in 1773.

Zhidar, the Druk Desi, returned to face [[civil war]] at home. His opponent Jigme Senge, the regent for the seven-year-old [[Zhabdrung Rinpoche|Shabdrung]] (the Bhutanese equivalent of the Dalai Lama), had lent his support to popular discontent. Zhidar was unpopular for his [[Corvée|corvee]] tax (he sought to rebuild a major [[dzong]] in one year, an unreasonable goal), as well as for his overtures to the Manchu Emperors which threatened Bhutanese independence. Zhidar was soon overthrown and forced to flee to Tibet, where he was imprisoned and a new Druk Desi, [[Kunga Rinchen]], installed in his place. Meanwhile, the [[Sixth Panchen Lama]], who had imprisoned Zhidar, interceded on behalf of the Bhutanese with a letter to Hastings, imploring him to cease hostilities in return for friendship. Hastings saw the opportunity to establish relations with both the Tibetans and the Bhutanese and wrote a letter to the Panchen Lama proposing "a general treaty of amity and commerce between Tibet and Bengal."{{sfn|Younghusband|1910|pages=5–7}}

Hastings then lost no time in appointing Bogle to undertake a diplomatic and fact-finding mission "to chart the unknown territory beyond the northern borders of Bengal", with a view to opening up trade with [[Tibet]] and possibly establishing a back-door trade relationship with the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] who tightly controlled foreign trade at [[Guangzhou|Canton]] under the [[Canton System]].

Hastings instructions to Bogle, given on 18{{nbsp}}May 1774, were as follows:<BLOCKQUOTE>"I desire you will proceed to Lhasa ... The design of your mission is to open a mutual and equal communication of trade between the inhabitants of Bhutan [Tibet] and Bengal ... You will take with you samples, for a trial of such articles of commerce as may be sent from this country ... and you will dilligently inform yourself of the manufactures, productions, goods introduced by the intercourse with other countries which are to be procured in Bhutan ... The following will be also proper objects of your inquiry: the nature of the roads between the borders of Bengal and Lhasa and the neighbouring countries, their government, revenue and manners ... The period of your stay must be left to your discretion.{{sfn|Younghusband|1910|page=9}}</BLOCKQUOTE>

Bogle's expedition set out the same year and consisted of himself, an army surgeon named Alexander Hamilton, and [[Purangir Gosain]] (an agent of the [[Sixth Panchen Lama]], the effective ruler of Tibet), as well as a retinue of servants. Despite warnings from the Qing government and the Panchen Lama that he was not allowed to enter Tibet, he made use of the recent political instability in Bhutan and tension between the Panchen Lama and the regent for the [[7th Dalai Lama]] to win access to Tibet where he was brought before the Panchen Lama in [[Shigatse]]. {{sfn|Henderson|1886}}{{Failed verification|date=November 2018|reason=the source only says Bogle met the Lama, and says nothing about anyone's objection or how he won access}} Bogle made a favourable impression on the [[Sixth Panchen Lama]] and spent six months overwintering in his palaces learning what he could of Tibetan culture and politics. Bogle was struck by the experience, noting in his journal, '''When I look upon the time I have spent among the Hills it appears like a fairy dream''.' It may have been the publication of accounts of his journey which established the myth of Tibet as [[Shangri-la]]. Bogle helped the Panchen Lama compose his still famous ''[[Geography of India]]''.

Returning to India, Bogle fulfilled the Panchen Lama's request, [[Bhot Bagan Moth]] was established at [[Ghusuri]] in 1776<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhot Bagan Moth |url=https://wbhc.in/home/place_details/MDJiNWQyMzZjYmMxNjBmOGNhOGQwNjFjNDc0OWZjOWE1Y2QyNmM2NTdjNTFiN2M2ZmQ5ZTI3MzZmOTMxODAxNzBjMmE5ZWRiMTdhMjIzMmRjMjI4OThlMzJmMTUzZmFlOGM4ODNjMzlkOTQ5YzNhMTVlNjgzMGUzYWJjNWM3NTNmQ2t6TDBmRVBYN2VaS250VE9DdExWUEZJNWZMcmpmV3gvNmsveHF0d1FzPQ== |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=West Bengal Heritage Commission |language=en-IN}}</ref> on the banks of the [[Ganges]], not far from the East India Company headquarters, where Buddhist monks could return to their spiritual roots in India. Although the ultimate goal of establishing a trade route to China was not met, a long-lasting relationship was formed between the British and the Tibetans. The mission to [[Tibet]] was viewed as a success, and was commemorated by a 1775 portrait of Bogle being presented (in Tibetan gowns) to the Panchen Lama. This portrait, by [[Tilly Kettle]], a British painter who worked in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], was reputedly presented by Hastings to [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] and it is now in the [[Royal Collection]].

==Overtures to China==
The hopes for a breakthrough in China rested on using the Lama as an intermediary with the [[Qianlong Emperor]] of the [[Manchu people|Manchu]]-led [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]], an astute but aloof ruler who regarded all the world as tributaries. In 1780, [[Lobsang Palden Yeshe|Palden Yeshe]] visited [[Beijing]] where he came close to gaining a passport for Bogle. The Qianlong Emperor presented him with a golden urn for use in ceremonial lotteries and the goodwill seemed to suggest that a passport would be issued. However, Bogle was struck down by smallpox, and died that same year. (It was not until 1793 that a British envoy, [[George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney|Lord Macartney]] was, very sceptically, received by the Qianlong Emperor).

==Death==
Bogle died, probably of [[cholera]], on 3 April 1781 at age 34,<ref>Stewart, ''op. cit.'' p. 145</ref> and was buried in [[South Park Street Cemetery]], Calcutta.<ref>Bernstein, Jeremy ''Dawning of the Raj The Life and Trials of Warren Hastings'' Chapter One, Prologue, George Bogle, Ivan R Dee, Lanham MD USA, 2000 {{ISBN|1-56663-281-1}}</ref> He had never married, but left behind a son George, and two daughters, Martha and Mary. According to family lore, the girls' mother was Tibetan. The two girls were sent back to [[Daldowie|Daldowie House]], where they were brought up by Bogle's family and eventually married Scotsmen.<ref>Teltscher, Kate. (2006). ''The High Road to China: George Bogle, the Panchen Lama and the First British Expedition to Tibet'', pp. 234–235; 252–253. Bloomsbury, London, 2006. {{ISBN|0-374-21700-9}}</ref><ref>Markham, Clements R. ''Narratives of the mission of George Bogle to Tibet: and of the journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa'', pp. cliv–clv. Trübner and Co., London. Second edition, 1879</ref>

==Legacy of Bogle’s mission==
Bogle's diary and travel notes were found in his Ayrshire family archives and published as "Narratives of the mission of George Bogle to Tibet, and of the journey of [[Thomas Manning (sinologist)|Thomas Manning]] to Lhasa" (1876) by Sir [[Clements Markham]]. This edition provided a partial impetus for the Tibetan journeys of [[Sarat Chandra Das]]. Das translated and published parts of the Tibetan biography of the Third Panchen Lama, including descriptions of his friendship with Bogle. Some critics have ascribed Bogle and Das as major inspirations for [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s novel ''[[Kim (novel)|Kim]]'', shown by Kipling's use of the title "Teshoo Lama" (an alternate title of the Panchen Lama used by Bogle and other British sources of the time).<ref>Teltscher, ''op. cit.'', pp 257–260</ref>

The Chinese government has used the Bogle mission on official websites to suggest that Britain recognised Chinese sovereignty over Tibet.<ref>Teltscher, ''op. cit.'', pp 265</ref> They portray the meeting of the [[Panchen Lama]] as one where he [[kowtow]]ed in submission to the [[Qianlong Emperor]].

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}
;Attribution
{{Cite DNB|first=Thomas Finlayson|last=Henderson|wstitle=Bogle, George|volume=5|pages=302}}

==Bibliography==
* Bernstein, Jeremy (2000). ''Dawning of the Raj The Life and Trials of Warren Hastings'' Chapter One, Ivan R Dee, Lanham MD USA {{ISBN|1-56663-281-1}}
* Bogle, George, Hamilton, Alexander, and Lamb, Alastair (2002). ''Bhutan and Tibet: the travels of George Bogle and Alexander Hamilton, 1774–1777''. Hertingfordbury: Roxford Books.
* Markham, Clements R. (editor) (1876). ''Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet, and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa, edited, with notes, and introduction and lives of Mr Bogle and Mr Manning''. London. Reprinted: New Delhi, Manjusri Pub. House, 1971.
* Stewart, Gordon T (2009). ''Journeys to Empire: Enlightenment, Imperialism and the British Encounter with Tibet, 1774–1904'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge {{ISBN|978-0-521-51502-3}}
* Teltscher, Kate. (2004). "Writing home and crossing cultures: George Bogle in Bengal and Tibet, 1770–1775." In: ''A New Imperial History: Culture, Identity and Modernity in Britain and the Empire, 1660–1840'', edited by Kathleen Wilson, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2004. {{ISBN|0-521-00796-8}}
* {{cite book|first=Francis|last=Younghusband|author-link=Francis Younghusband|title=India and Tibet: a history of the relations which have subsisted between the two countries from the time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a particular account of the mission to Lhasa of 1904 |url=https://archive.org/details/indiatibethistor00younrich|year=1910|publisher=John Murray|location=London}}

== Further reading ==

* Mitchell Library Glasgow Special Collections ''Bogle Papers, 1725–80 [letter-book and correspondence of the firm Bogle & Scott, tobacco merchants]''

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/containment/teltscher/teltscher.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301095003/http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/containment/teltscher/teltscher.html |date=1 March 2019 }} in which Kate Teltscher entertainingly analyses Bogle's letters.
* https://archive.today/20130102071903/http://atimes.com/atimes/China/HH19Ad02.html Asia Times review of Teltscher's book.
* http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/stecit/stecit14009.htm Brief entry about George Bogle's father ([[George Bogle of Daldowie]]), in "Curiosities of Glasgow citizenship", an ebook available via the Glasgow Digital Library

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bogle, George}}
[[Category:1746 births]]
[[Category:1781 deaths]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Tibet]]
[[Category:Explorers of Tibet]]
[[Category:Diplomats from Glasgow]]
[[Category:British East India Company civil servants]]
[[Category:Politics of Tibet]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Bhutan]]
[[Category:Tibet–United Kingdom relations]]
[[Category:Deaths from cholera]]

Suhaag (1979 film)

2026-03-29T09:33:35Z

Vikifzj: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Suhaag
| image = Suhaag 1979 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Manmohan Desai]]
| producer = Rajinder Kumar Sharma Ramesh Sharma Shakti Subhash Sharma Prakash Trehan
| writer = [[Kader Khan]] Prayag Raj K.K. Shukla
| narrator =
| starring = [[Shashi Kapoor]] [[Amitabh Bachchan]] [[Rekha]] [[Parveen Babi]] [[Nirupa Roy]] [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] [[Kader Khan]] [[Ranjeet]] [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = V. Durga Prasad
| editing = Mukhtar Ahmed
| studio =
| distributor = Sharma Cine Associates
| released = {{Film date|1979|11|16|df=y}}
| runtime = 169 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = [[₹]]20 million
| gross = {{INR}}50 million<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-10 |title=BoxOffice India.com |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210204344/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |archive-date=10 February 2009 }}</ref>
}}

'''''Suhaag''''' is a 1979 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action drama]] film directed by [[Manmohan Desai]], and written by [[Kader Khan]], Prayag Raj and K.K. Shukla. It stars [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Rekha]] and [[Parveen Babi]] in lead roles with [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Nirupa Roy]], Kader Khan, [[Ranjeet]] and [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] in supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]].

A huge box office success, the film became [[List of highest domestic net collection of Hindi films|the highest-grossing film of 1979]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Box Office India|title=Top Earners 1979|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=185&catName=MTk3OQ==|publisher=boxofficeindia.com|access-date=20 November 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020102901/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=185&catName=MTk3OQ==|archive-date=20 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Plot==
Durga ([[Nirupa Roy]]) and Vikram Kapoor ([[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]) have been married for years. Vikram has taken to crime in a big way and as a result has antagonized a rival gangster, Jaggi ([[Kader Khan]]). Durga gives birth to twins, but Jaggi steals one of them and sells him to a bootlegger, Pascal. Durga is upset when she finds her son missing, but is devastated when Vikram abandons her. With a lot of difficulties, Durga brings up her son, Kishan ([[Shashi Kapoor]]), and has given up on finding her other son. Kishan has grown up and is now a dedicated police officer. On the other hand, Pascal has exploited Amit ([[Amitabh Bachchan]]), educated, and made him a petty criminal and alcoholic. This gets him in a confrontation with Kishan but the two settle their differences and become fast friends. Vikram is not aware of his two sons and wife being alive. Without revealing his identity, he hires Amit to kill Kishan during a [[Navratri]] dance at [[Durga|Maa Sherawali]]'s temple. Amit informs Kishan and together with other police personnel, keep vigil. Things do not go as planned; they are attacked and Kishan loses his eyesight, leaving the onus on Amit to try to locate the person behind this crime. Full of singing, dancing, and stunts, the film has a strong moral undertone of good triumphing over evil despite any odds.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Shashi Kapoor]] as Kishan Kapoor
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Amit Kapoor
* [[Rekha]] as Basanti
* [[Parveen Babi]] as Anu
* [[Nirupa Roy]] as Durga Kapoor
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Vikram Kapoor
* [[Ranjeet]] as Gopal
* [[Kader Khan]] as Jaggi
* [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] as Pascal
* [[Jagdish Raj]] as Inspector Khan
* [[Krishan Dhawan]] as Lala Seth
* Master Titto as young Kishan
* Master Ratan as young Amit
* [[Moolchand]] as [[Marwari people|Marwadi]] Seth, shop owner
* [[Vatsala Deshmukh]] as Jamnabai
* Komila Virk as glamorous girl in bar
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
Many scenes were filmed at [[Film City, Mumbai]] and [[London]]. Desai filmed a middle and climax chase scene in Mumbai and London and edited them in such a way that these scenes appear to take place in Mumbai. "Teri Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" song was filmed in [[Richmond Park]], London with a UK-based [[Folk dances of Punjab|Punjabi dance]] group from [[Southall]]. "Ae Yaar Sun" song was filmed in Film City and at [[Birla Mandir, Shahad]] near [[Ulhasnagar]] in [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birla Mandir, Shahad |url=http://maharashtraplanet.com/religious-places-in-maharashtra/birla-mandir-shahad/ |website=Maharashtra Planet}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable"
! # !! Song !! Singer
|-
| 1
| "Aaj Imtihan Hai"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| 2
| "Athra Baras Ki Tu Hone Ko Aayi Re"
| Lata Mangeshkar, [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| 3
| "O Maata Sherawali"
| Mohammed Rafi, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 4
| "Teri Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi"
| Mohammed Rafi, [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], Asha Bhosle
|-
| 5
| "Ae Yaar Sun, Yaari Teri"
| Mohammed Rafi, Shailendra Singh, Asha Bhosle
|-
| 6
| "Main To Beghar Hoon, Apne Ghar Le Chalo"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Shashi Kapoor]]
|-
| 7
| "Ek Daal Pe Do Phool Khile"
| [[Anwar (singer)|Anwar]]
|-
|}

When Mohammed Rafi teamed up with Laxmikant–Pyarelal, magic happened. Their songs struck a perfect chord with listeners and became instant hits. In this film, Rafi’s soulful voice brought depth to Amitabh Bachchan’s screen presence, while Shailendra Singh’s youthful tone matched Shashi Kapoor’s charm. Decades later, the songs still resonate with audiences.

Just as “Yeh Dosti Hum Nahin Todenge” from Sholay defined friendship for a generation, “Ae Yaar Sun Yaari Teri” became another anthem of camaraderie. And when it comes to weddings, few melodies rival the timeless appeal of “Tere Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi”, a song that continues to grace countless Punjabis wedding playlists

==Remake==
The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Satyam Sivam]]'' (1981) with [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/sr-ntr-remake-amitabh-bachchan-many-hindi-super-hit-films-in-telugu-here-are-the-details-ta-512320.html|title=సీనియర్ ఎన్టీఆర్ రీమేక్ చేసిన అమితాబ్ బచ్చన్ సూపర్ హిట్ సినిమాలు ఇవే|date=8 May 2020 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0079963|title=Suhaag}}

{{Manmohan Desai}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suhaag (1979 Film)}}
[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:Films about brothers]]
[[Category:Films directed by Manmohan Desai]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:1979 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1979 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:1970s action drama films]]
[[Category:1970s masala films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films about alcoholism]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

Toshakhana

2026-03-28T00:23:53Z

Vikifzj: Created Some Data Added Tags

{{Short description|Storage space for treasure in the Indian subcontinent}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
[[File:Amber Fort - Toshakhana.jpg|thumb|Amber Fort - Toshakhana]]
[[File:Toshakhana, Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Toshakhana, Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar]]

The '''{{Transliteration|fa|toshakhana}}''' was originally a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] place where princes store "gifts and emblems of honor that they received for their posterity ... an archive of objects whose origin and receipt embodied his status and honor"<ref>{{cite book |last=Cohn |first=Bernard S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIalYaenrTkC |title=Colonialism and its forms of knowledge: the British in India |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-691-00043-5 |page=199 |author-link=Bernard Cohn (anthropologist)}}</ref> The term is of [[Persian language|Persian]] origin that literally translates as "treasure house".<ref>{{cite book |last=McKay |first=Alex |title=Tibet and the British Raj: the frontier cadre, 1904-1947 |publisher=Routledge |year=1997 |pages=xvii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mMP7HTbD-BEC |isbn=0-7007-0627-5}}</ref>

Modern toshakhanas exist in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

==Modern usage==
===India===
Under [[British Raj|British colonial rule]], officials of the [[East India Company]] were not allowed to accept [[diplomatic gift]]s, often weapons or jewels,<ref>{{cite book |last=Daniel |first=Miller |year=2001 |title=Consumption: critical concepts in the social sciences |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39wzrWv2WY4C |publisher=Taylor & Francis |page=410 |isbn=978-0-415-24268-4}}</ref> known as ''[[khilat]]'', from Indian or Middle Eastern rulers and their subjects. When procedure required that the officials received such a ''khilat'', the official would deposit it in the company's treasury (toshakhana). The objects were later used for exchange gifts with other rulers, when it was deemed appropriate to enter an exchange of khilat.<ref>{{harvnb|Cohn|1996|p=118}}</ref> The records of a 1930s [[East India Company]] toshakhana at [[Bushire]] show that weapons and ammunition were kept in bulk for giving to the [[Trucial States|Trucial Coast]] sheikhs.<ref name="Toshakhana Articles for Bushire">{{Cite web |date=2016-01-08 |title=File 17/14 I Toshakhana Articles for Bushire Correspondence regarding |url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00015e |access-date=2018-03-15 |website=Qatar Digital Library |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Two particularly rare items kept in the toshakhana of the [[Golden Temple]] are a richly bejeweled canopy, and a chandoa (a diamond-encrusted piece of cloth hung over the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]). The cost of the artefacts was pegged at Rs 200 crore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Operation Bluestar: 33 yrs on, Golden Temple's fight for justice still on |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/operation-bluestar-33-yrs-on-golden-temple-s-fight-for-justice-still-on/story-Uj04FloZOH8gPUUmiqCucJ.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=2 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref> A present from the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Kingdom of Hyderabad]]<ref name="nizam-ranjitsingh">{{cite magazine |last=Khaya |first=Ghulam Nabi |title=Major controversy ensues on ownership of Kashmir treasure |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19831115-major-controversy-ensues-on-ownership-of-kashmir-treasure-771208-2013-07-12 |magazine=India Today}}</ref> to Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] was reportedly considered too lavish a gift and was sent to the Golden Temple, as well as a ''chandan da chaur'' (flywhisk) made of sandalwood fibres which took years for Haji Muhammad Maskin, a Muslim craftsman to prepare.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haidar |first1=Navina Najat |author1-link=Navina Najat Haidar |last2=Sardar |first2=Marika |year=2011 |title=Sultans of the South: Arts of India's Deccan Courts, 1323-1687 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWNHYID4WqAC&pg=PA127 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-438-5 |language=en}}</ref>

In India, as per protocol, all gifts received by the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and other officials from overseas have to be deposited in toshakhana for evaluation. Such gifts could be anything - paintings, sarees and other artefacts. Indian toshakhana is managed by the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]. The Ministry has its own rate of evaluation done by dedicated personnel. As per a June 1978 gazette notification, every gift received by a person during an official visit should be deposited in the toshakhana within 30 days of his return.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Rajesh |date=21 September 2021 |title=Modi, Army chief contribute most treasures to Toshakhana |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/pioneer-exclusive/modi--army-chief-contribute--most-treasures-to-toshakhana.html |work=Daily Pioneer}}</ref> Indian rules allow the recipient to keep a gift valued below Rs 5,000 (US$70). Those valued above are evaluated to allow for purchase by the recipient on payment of the difference. The rest are auctioned off. By order, the government has just amended an over 50-year-old rule to allow [[Indian Administrative Service]], [[Indian Police Service]] and [[Indian Forest Service]] officers to retain gifts received from foreign dignitaries while being members of the Indian delegation. But they must declare them if they are worth more than Rs 25,000 (US$340). India has a longer toshakhana history, also of the rules being circumvented. Individual greed, as anywhere, has played its role. Many years ago, a minister who received an expensive gold-plated watch from a [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf]] sheikh, told the legislature when caught that being "busy" he had "forgot to declare" the gift. While toshakhana rule applies to the President, the Prime Minister, ministers and presiding officers of legislatures in many countries, in India, the scope is wider and includes even middle-level bureaucrats. The Ministry of External Affairs that maintains the toshakhana is thus required to issue a quarterly list. Gifts received at home are also accounted for. Countries/governments from where the gift is received are not mentioned.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ved |first=Mahendra |title=Gifting tales from the Indian subcontinent: Toshakhanas have a curious history |url=https://www.southasiamonitor.org/spotlight/gifting-tales-indian-subcontinent-toshakhanas-have-curious-history |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=South Asia Monitor |language=en}}</ref> A Sikh toshakhana is located on the first floor of the Darshani Deorhi, the gateway to the [[Golden Temple]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Jagraj |title=A Complete Guide to Sikhism |publisher=Unistar Books |year=2009 |location=India |page=59}}</ref>

=== Outside India ===
The government of Pakistan has [[Toshakhana (Pakistan)|its own toshakhana]] for gifts from other states or head of states. Bangladesh also has [[Toshakhana (Bangladesh)|its toshakhana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/view_unit.php?page=unit_details_mid&id=10&lang=en |title=Detail of Work Distribution |access-date=2009-05-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514022855/http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/view_unit.php?page=unit_details_mid&id=10&lang=en |archive-date=2008-05-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Treasure troves in India]]
[[Category:Diplomatic gifts]]
[[Category:Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad]]

Mike Racy

2026-03-19T14:14:29Z

Vikifzj: expanded content

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mike Racy
| image = Mike Racy portrait.jpg
| title = Commissioner of the [[Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association|Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association]]
| term_start = February 1, 2017
| predecessor = [[Bob Boerigter]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Lawrence, Kansas]], U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Washburn University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law|University of Missouri–Kansas City]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| residence = [[Kansas City, Missouri]]
| spouse = Kathy Hadel
| children = 3 sons
}}

'''Michael Racy''' is an American College Sports Leader, a Higher Education Attorney, and a former University Executive. Racy currently serves as the commissioner for the [[Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association]] (MIAA). Prior to being appointed MIAA commissioner, Racy practiced law in the [[Kansas City metropolitan area]], served as a vice president at the [[University of Central Missouri]], and as a vice president at the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA).

==Early years==
Racy was born in [[Lawrence, Kansas]] and attended [[Abilene High School (Kansas)|Abilene High School]] in [[Abilene, Kansas|Abilene]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abilene-rc.com/news/racy-named-next-miaa-commissioner/article_39b12560-7a82-11e6-a85a-13be5a8b0892.html |title=Racy named next MIAA commissioner | News |publisher=abilene-rc.com |date=September 7, 2016 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> After high school, Racy attended [[Washburn University]] where he earned his [[Bachelor of Business Administration]], graduating with honors in 1987.<ref>{{cite press release |last=Peterson, Jr. |first=Rick |url=http://cjonline.com/sports/2016-09-07/mike-racy-washburn-graduate-selected-miaa-commissioner# |title=Mike Racy, a Washburn graduate, selected as MIAA commissioner |date=September 7, 2016 |accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> Racy then went on to complete his [[Juris Doctor]] from the [[University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law]], graduating with honors in 1992.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newspressnow.com/sports/racy-selected-as-miaa-commissioner/article_808ec442-7528-5eb2-8887-32cf589907b3.html |title=Racy selected as MIAA commissioner | Sports |publisher=newspressnow.com |date=September 7, 2016 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> Racy began his career in sports working at the [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics]] while he was earning his J.D. degree.<ref name="UCMO">{{cite web |url=https://www.ucmo.edu/news/mike.racy.cfm |title=News & Events : University of Central Missouri |publisher=Ucmo.edu |date=April 2, 2013 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref>

==Career==
After graduating from UMKC in 1992, Racy practiced law at Gage and Tucker Law Firm in [[Kansas City, Missouri]]. In 1993, Racy moved to the [[NCAA]] to become a legislative assistant. In 1995, Racy was approached by NCAA President Cedric Dempsey to assist the NCAA President's Commission in rewriting the NCAA Constitution and to help lobby NCAA membership support for a restructured NCAA and a reorganized NCAA governance process. The effort was successful following membership votes at the 1996 and 1997 NCAA Conventions.

In 1999, Racy became vice president of the NCAA and served as the chief executive officer for the [[NCAA Division II|Division II level]]. While leading NCAA Division II, Racy developed the NCAA Sports Festival, as well as secured a television agreement with [[CBS College Sports]] for regular season D2 football and basketball games, managed the $30 million budget for the division, helped the division grow to over 300 member schools, authored the NCAA Division II "Life in the Balance" Strategic Positioning Platform, and helped establish the [[Make-A-Wish Foundation]] fundraising partnership for Division II student-athletes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/dii-vp-racy-leave-july-central-missouri-position |title=DII VP Racy to leave in July for Central Missouri position | NCAA.org – The Official Site of the NCAA |publisher=NCAA.org |date=April 3, 2013 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref>

In June 2013, after fifteen years as a vice president for the NCAA, Racy voluntarily stepped away from this visible leadership position to discover new paths and new opportunities in higher education. That summer, Racy become the Vice President for Law, Policy and Strategy at the [[University of Central Missouri]] in [[Warrensburg, Missouri]].<ref name="UCMO"/> In 2015, Racy left Central Missouri to become a higher education consultant. On September 7, 2016, it was announced that Racy would become the fifth full-time commissioner for the [[Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association]].<ref>{{cite press release |last=Slaughter |first=Josh |url=http://www.themiaa.com/news/2016/9/7/GEN_0907161608.aspx |title=Racy Selected as MIAA Commissioner |date=September 14, 2016 |accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref>

Since Racy became the commissioner of the MIAA, the Association has won 30 NCAA Team National Championships, in 11 different sports, by 8 different MIAA member schools. During his time as commissioner, Racy created the MIAA Sports Media Network, moved the conference headquarters to a visible office suite inside Hy-Vee Arena (formerly Kemper Arena in Kansas City), doubled the number of MIAA corporate partners, successfully implemented a new instant replay system for Divisions II and III football, expanded the conference's membership into a fifth state (Arkansas), and started conference-wide risk management and health/safety initiatives. Under Racy's leadership, the MIAA Network broadcast more than 1500 live athletic contests and campus events in 2023–24.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://themiaa.com/staff.aspx?staff=10 MIAA profile]

{{Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association commissioner navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Racy, Mike}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association commissioners]]
[[Category:National Collegiate Athletic Association people]]
[[Category:University of Missouri–Kansas City alumni]]
[[Category:Washburn University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Lawrence, Kansas]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kansas]]
[[Category:Phi Delta Theta members]]

Vaazhkai (1949 film)

2026-03-06T03:37:22Z

Vikifzj: Created New Article First Draft

{{Short description|1949 film by A. V. Meiyappan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaazhkai
| image = Life movie poster.png
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. V. Meiyappan]]
| producer = A. V. Meiyappan
| screenplay = [[P. Neelakantan]] (dialogues)
| story = [[M. V. Raman]]
| narrator = M. V. Raman
| starring = [[Vyjayanthimala]] M. S. Draupadi [[T. R. Ramachandran]] [[S. V. Sahasranamam]]
| music = [[R. Sudarsanam]]
| cinematography = T. Muthu Samy
| editing = M. V. Raman
| studio = [[AVM Productions|A.V.M Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1949|12|23}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Vaazhkai''''' ({{translation|Life}}) is a 1949 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[social guidance film]] produced and directed by [[A. V. Meiyappan]] through [[AVM Productions]]. It stars [[Vyjayanthimala]] in her screen debut with M. S. Draupadi, [[T. R. Ramachandran]] and S. V. Sahasranamam forms an [[ensemble cast]] along with many actors appearing in other significant roles.

Upon its release, the film was well received and it won the Best Tamil Film Award at the 1st Film Fans' Association Awards. Vyjayanthimala and M. S. Draupadi received the Second Best Tamil Actress and Third Best Tamil Actress Awards respectively. It also broke some box office records in South India. A year later, the film was re-released in a new copy with selected song sequences in hand-tinted colour.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 1950 |title=Life |pages=4 |work=Indian Daily Mail |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/indiandailymail19501030-1.2.52.2?ST=1&AT=search&k=life%20coloured%20new%20AVM&QT=life,coloured,new,avm&oref=article}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The film was simultaneously released in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Jeevitham]]'' (1950)''.'' The film was later remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Bahar (film)|Bahar]]'' (1951). Vyjayanthimala played the lead role in all these versions with Meiyappan as the producer.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=November 2021}}
Murthi (S. V. Sahasranamam) comes to a village, spends time with Meenakshi (M.S. Draupadi), and leaves for his hometown. After returning, he wants to marry Mohana (Vyjayanthimala) while Mohana loves Nathan (T. R, Ramachandran). Meenakshi discovers she is pregnant and goes to Murthi, who ignores her. She jumps into the sea to attempt suicide. A passerby saves her and she has the baby. She leaves the baby with Nathan, in his car. He takes care of the baby and faces many problems. Learning about the baby, Mohana gets suspicious. Finally, the actions of Murthi are exposed and he accepts Meenakshi as his wife while Mohana and Nathan reunite.

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-break|width=25%}}
;Male cast
* [[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Nathan
* [[S. V. Sahasranamam]] as Moorthi
* [[K. Sarangapani]] as Sivasankaralingam
* P. A. Subbaiah Pillai as Velayutham Pillai
* K. Ramasami as Veerasami
* K. N. Kulathu Mani as Bank Secretary
* M. S. Karuppaiah as Vinayakam Pillai
* [[V. M. Ezhumalai]] as Asambavidham
* [[P. D. Sambandam]] as Seeni
* Venkataraman as Journalist
* T. V. Sethuraman as Bandyman
* Seetharaman as Doctor
{{col-break|width=25%}}
;Male supporting cast
* Lakshminarayanan
* Kalyanasundaram
* Kashinathan
* Rajarathnam
* Seenu
* Baby Narayanan
;Female supporting cast
* Kalyani
* Soundaram
* Subbulakshmi
* Baby Meena
{{col-break|width=25%}}
;Female cast
* [[Vyjayanthimala]] as Mohana
* M. S. Draupadi as Meenakshi
* S. R. Janaki as Ambujam
* K. N. Kamalam as Shivabhagyam
* G. K. Saroja as Lakshmi
;Dance
* [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]]-[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
''Vaazhkai'' was the first film to be shot at the new AVM's new studio at [[Chennai]]. For the lead female role [[A. V. Meiyappan]] wanted to launch a new face. [[M. V. Raman]], the story writer of ''Vaazhkai'', spotted [[Vyjayanthimala]] performing [[Bharatanatyam]] in Chennai Gokhale Hall.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajan |first=Anjana |date=20 January 2007 |title=A golden innings |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-golden-innings/article2239348.ece |url-status=live |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230192300/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/a-golden-innings/article2239348.ece |archive-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Impressed by her talent he later recommended her to Meiyappan. Vyjayanthimala, the daughter of the actress [[Vasundhara Devi]] was 16 years old when Meiyappan approach her for the film. Despite Meiyappan's initial reservations to have her as the lead actress, she was chosen after he was convinced by watching her dance performance.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=30 October 1965 |title=Raman Looks Back |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12064 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12064/page/n279/ 51]}}</ref> [[Pandari Bai]] was initially cast in the other female role, but was removed because Meiyappan was not satisfied with her Tamil diction; she was replaced by M. S. Draupadi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=9 June 2012 |title=Vazhkai 1949 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vazhkai-1949/article3509383.ece |url-status=live |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214125643/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vazhkai-1949/article3509383.ece |archive-date=14 December 2017}}</ref> However, Pandari Bai later played that role in the Hindi remake ''[[Bahar (film)|Bahar]]'' (1951) under the screen name Padmini.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=14 February 2003 |title=Actress who glowed with inner beauty |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/02/14/stories/2003021401030300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150222073753/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/02/14/stories/2003021401030300.htm |archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref> The final length of the film measured 14629 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1949 – வாழ்க்கை – ஏ.வி.எம். ஜீவிதம் (தெ), பஹார்(இ) |trans-title=1949 – Life – A.V.M. Jeevitham (te), Bahaar(hi) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1949-cinedetails16.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180220055553/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1949-cinedetails16.asp |archive-date=20 February 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by [[R. Sudarsanam]], lyrics are by [[Subramanya Bharathi|Mahakavi Bharathiyar]] and K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sok.Vaazhkai_A.V.Meiyappan_1949 |title=வாழ்க்கை |publisher=[[AVM Productions]] |year=1949 |language=ta |type=[[song book]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| 1 || "Manamevum Aasai...Un Kangal Unnai Emaatrinaal" || [[M. S. Rajeswari]] || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 02:13
|-
| 2 || "Manamevum Aasai...Un Kann Unnai Emaatrinaal" || [[T. R. Ramachandran]] || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 01:50
|-
| 3 || "Uzhuthundu Vaazhvaar...Paadupattaale Palan Koodum" || T. S. Bagavathi and M. S. Rajeswari || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 10:18
|-
| 4 || "Gopaalanodu Naan Aaduvene" || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 04:49
|-
| 5 || "Senthamizhum Suvaiyum Polave" || T. R. Ramachandran and M. S. Rajeswari || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 02:32
|-
| 6 || "Annaiye Nee Ennai... Ennam Ellaam Kanavu Pole" || T. S. Bagavathi || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 02:37
|-
| 7 || "Enni Enni Parkka Manam" || [[M. S. Rajeswari]] || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 3:01
|-
| 8 || "Bharatha Samudhaayam Vaazhgave" || [[D. K. Pattammal]] || [[Subramanya Bharathi|Mahakavi Bharathiyar]] || 03:13
|-
| 9 || "Senthamizhum Suvaiyum Polave" || T. R. Ramachandran, M. S. Rajeswari and T. S. Bagavathi || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 01:20
|-
| 10 || "Ezhaikku Edhu Inbam" || || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 03:11
|-
| 11 || "Manadhinil Pudhuvidha" || M. S. Rajeswari || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam ||
|-
| 12 || "Avan Porukku" || T. S. Bagavathi || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam ||
|-
| 13 || "Aasai Kollum Meesaiyulla" || M. S. Rajeswari and A. G. Rathnamala || K. P. Kamatchi Sundharam || 03:45
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Vaazhkai'' was released on 23 December 1949.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 1949 |title=Life |pages=1 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=t6hKUfryX1MC&dat=19491223&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The appeal of fresh youthful stars is truly enhanced by original treatment of situations that are not unrelated to Life. T. R. Ramachandran and Sahasranamam score easily in major roles and Sarangapany adds to the real gaiety of the film that is too long without boring".<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 1950 |title=Life |pages=6 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f7w-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=O0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5897%2C998176}}</ref> It became a major box office success, and completed 25 weeks of its theatrical run. Subsequently, the film was awarded a trophy in which Meiyappan's son [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] described as the tallest trophy of the company by the distributors in [[Karaikudi]] for its 25 weeks of theatrical run.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 February 2010 |title=History created ... and preserved! |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article108733.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=27 February 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911202107/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article108733.ece |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> A year after its release, the film was re-released with a partly coloured copy.<ref>{{Cite web | title=NewspaperSG | url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/indiandailymail19501029-1.1.4 | access-date=2025-08-18 | website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
The film was awarded with Best Tamil Film Award at the first Film Fans Association Award, where it secured 2,512 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 May 1950 |title=Bhanumathi Best Star in Tamil and Telugu – Film Ballot Result |pages=6 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nrw-AAAAIBAJ&pg=4159,4569623&dq=film+ballot&hl=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> At the same event, Vyjayanthimala and Draupadi were awarded with the Best Tamil Actress Award, Second Prize and Third Prize respectively. The former secured 1,676 votes, while the latter got 1,386 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 1950 |title=Bhanumathi Ranked Best Actress |pages=9 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=n7w-AAAAIBAJ&pg=1263,4720604&dq=film+ballot+tamil&hl=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1940s dance films]]
[[Category:1940s feminist films]]
[[Category:1949 Indian films]]
[[Category:1940s romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1940s satirical films]]
[[Category:1949 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1949 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films about poverty in India]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. Sudarsanam]]
[[Category:Films set in 1949]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian dance films]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bandish (1980 Indian film)

2026-03-03T23:49:57Z

Vikifzj: added a page

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Brandish
| image = Bandish (1980).jpg

| caption = Poster
| director = [[K. Bapaiah]]
| producer = [[D. Rama Naidu]]
| writer = [[V. C. Guhanathan]] Charandas Shokh
| based_on = [[Chilipi Krishnudu]] by [[Acharya Athreya]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Rajesh Khanna]] [[Hema Malini]] [[Danny Denzongpa]] [[Bindiya Goswami]] [[Tanuja]] [[Om Prakash]] [[G. Asrani]] 
[[Preeti Ganguly]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing =
| studio = [[Suresh Productions]]
| distributor = Suresh Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1980|11|07}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Bandish''''' (aka Bandhish) ({{literal translation|Restriction}}) is a 1980 [[Hindi]]-language film directed by [[K. Bapaiah]], starring [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Hema Malini]] and [[Danny Denzongpa]].<ref name=bwh>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080825013954/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/4118/index.html bollywoodhungama.com]. film cast/crew, Retrieved 10-24-2008</ref><ref name=citwf>[http://www.citwf.com/film28971.htm citwf.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225073626/http://www.citwf.com/film28971.htm |date=25 February 2012 }}, The Complete Index to World Film, Retrieved 10-24-2008</ref> The movie is a commercial attempt by [[D. Rama Naidu]], who had earlier produced ''[[Prem Nagar (1974 film)|Prem Nagar]]'' with the same lead pair on 1974. The music is by [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]. The film was the 8th highest grosser of the year. The film was appreciated for its colorful locations and sets, and for its melodious songs and unique story. The film was a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Chilipi Krishnudu]]''.

==Differences from Telugu version==
{{original research|section|date=September 2019}}
There were changes made to the script in the Hindi version ''Bandish'' at the insistence of [[Rajesh Khanna]];

*In the Telugu version, the elder brother of the hero tries to rape the first sister and to escape that, the first sister kills herself. In the Hindi version, the elder brother of the hero kills his father-in-law by pushing him towards a running train, which is seen by the elder sister and hence, he captures her and gives her an injection to let her die.
*The villagers complaining to the mother about the second sister going missing and being in love with the doctor is not in the Hindi version.
*The mother of the twin girls regaining her eyesight is not shown in the Hindi version.
*The scene of the mother of the twin girls knowing that the elder sister Madhu is actually dead is not shown in Hindi version.
*There is no dream sequence in the Hindi version.

==Plot==
Kishan is the spoilt son of a rich businessman. He is a medical student, for whom the life is all about playing pranks and troubling the people around. Finally, he is taught a lesson in humility by fellow student, Madhu. He undergoes a dramatic change in outlook and falls in love with her. Kishan promises his father, that he will marry Madhu and on the day of engagement, while Madhu is on her way to meet Kishan, she becomes the only witness to a murder of an individual, who happened to be father-in-law of Kapilkumar. On her death-bed, Kishan promises Madhu that he would kill whoever is responsible for the death. But his joy is short-lived as Kapilkumar kills Madhu. Kishan is devastated and carries on a manhunt for Kapil Kumar. He finally recognizes Kapil on a train and in the ensuing scuffle, Kapil pushes Kishan off the running train. When Kishan regains consciousness, he is amazed to see Madhu. Madhu lives in the village with her mother Ratnamani. On following her, he realizes that she is the twin sister of Madhu named as Chanchal, who always talks about the characters of films. Chanchal soon understands that Madhu and Kishan had loved each-other and that Madhu has expired. Hence, Chanchal decides to go missing and comes back to the village as Madhu. He then starts practising medicine in their small village as this was what Madhu wanted to do. With time, both are drawn towards each other until one day, Kapil is in front of them once again. In the village he meets a woman, who asks Kishan to save her husband, who has been shot by a bullet. Kishan soon realises that the woman's husband is Kapil and refuses to help, but the woman insists that he is a doctor and must save the patient. Kishan manages to save him, but has to cut a hand of Kapilkumar. Kapilkumar gets angry at his wife for getting him treated from Kishan and runs away to search for Kishan and attack Kishan. What Kishan does not know is that Kapil is his elder brother who was separated when they were young. Later, he learns that their father had a worker at their home, who had decided to take one of the children with a birthmark on the right hand, to use the child for his business. On realising that Kishan is his brother, Kapilkumar accepts his mistake and fights with his boss Om Shivpuri to save his kidnapped father Om Prakash and to save Chanchal and Kishan. Kishan ensures that no one dies and manages to defuse the bomb kept by Om Shivpuri. Kapilkumar apologises to his wife for killing her father, and goes to jail.

==Reception==
The box office collections were Rs. 2.90 crores in 1980.<ref name="ibosnetwork.com">[http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Bandish+(1980)%5B%5D Film Details - Bandish (1980)]{{Dead link|date=February 2024}}</ref> It received four stars in the Bollywood guide Collections.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=bandish+(1980)| title=Collections| year=1991| access-date=25 March 2021| archive-date=25 February 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225120928/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=bandish+%281980%29| url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Rajesh Khanna]] as Kishan
*[[Hema Malini]] as Madhu / Chanchal (Double Role)
*[[Bindiya Goswami]] as Shanti
*[[Danny Denzongpa]] as Kapil Kumar / K.K.
*[[Tanuja]] as Chanda (Kapil Kumar's Wife)
*[[Om Prakash]] as Kishan & Kapil's Father
*[[Asrani]] as Murli
* Padmini Kapila as Lily
* [[Pinchoo Kapoor]] as College Principal
* [[Preeti Ganguly]] as Dumpko
* [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]] as Mrs.James
* [[Madan Puri]] as Chanda's father
* [[Jagdish Raj]] as Inspector
* [[Nalini Jaywant]] as Ratnabai, Chanchal's mother
* [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] as Vaidya Kriparam
* [[Mohan Choti]] as Bhola
* [[Om Shivpuri]] as Brijmohan
* [[Yusuf Khan (actor)|Yusuf Khan]] as henchman of Brijmohan

==Music==
{|class="wikitable"
! #
! Song
! Singer
|-
| 1
| "Main Kaun Hoon"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| 2
| "Saiyaanji Ne Ghar Banwaaya"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 3
| "Mere Hosh Le Lo, Deewana Bana Do"
| [[Kishore Kumar]], Asha Bhosle
|-
| 4
| "Rang Bhare Mausam Se Rang Churaake"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| 5
| "Arey Bhaago, Arey Daudo
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| 6
|"Instrumental"
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0154201}}
*[http://www.citwf.com/film28971.htm ''Bandish'' at The Complete Index to world Film]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707234121/http://rental.bigflix.com/bigflix/ShowMovie/Hindi/1980/Bandish ''Bandish'' at BigFlix.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111004163015/http://www.gomolo.in/Movie/Movie.aspx?mid=5162 ''Bandish'' at Gomlo.in]
*[http://www.whereincity.com/movies/bollywood/4171 ''Bandish'' at WhereInCity]
*[http://www.ultraindia.com/movies/filmography/filmography.php?choice=1&na=BANDISH%20(1980)&set=&PHPSESSID=e06e772ccc93ac115729d9d29f052eef ''Bandish'' at UltraIndia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080825013954/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/4118/index.html ''Bandish'' at Bollywoodhungama]
*[https://archive.today/20130119013858/http://www.chakpak.com/movie/bandish/story/1927 ''Bandish'' at ChakPak]
* [https://rajeshkhannasuperstar.blogspot.com/2008/03/bandish-1980.html Rajesh Khanna's blogspot]
{{Kovelamudi Bapayya}}

[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1980 romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1980 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Bapayya]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Suresh Productions films]]

Ranixalidae

2026-02-28T14:02:19Z

Vikifzj: Stub!

{{Short description|Family of amphibians}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Leaping frog|Leapfrog|Leapfrogging}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Indirana phrynoderma - Davidraju IIMG 2484 a.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Walkerana phrynoderma]]''
| taxon = Ranixalidae
| authority = [[Alain Dubois|Dubois]], 1987
| subdivision =
* ''[[Indirana]]'' Laurent, 1986
* ''[[Walkerana]]'' Dahanukar ''et al''., 2016
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

'''Ranixalidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[frog]]s commonly known as the '''leaping frogs'''<ref name=Frost/><ref name="Vitt and Caldwell 2014"/> or '''Indian frogs'''.<ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> They are [[endemic]] to central and southern India, specifically in the Western Ghat mountain range.<ref name=Frost/><ref name="Vitt and Caldwell 2014"/><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> This mountain range encompasses the Indian states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Western Ghats |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1342/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> Ranixalidae can be found in Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Padhye |first1=A. D. |last2=Modak |first2=N. |last3=Dahanukar |first3=N. |date=2014-09-26 |title=Indirana chiravasi, a new species of Leaping Frog (Anura: Ranixalidae) from Western Ghats of India |url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/1124 |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=6293–6312 |doi=10.11609/JoTT.o4068.6293-312 |issn=0974-7907|doi-access=free }}</ref> Goa,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Modak |first1=Nikhil |last2=Dahanukar |first2=Neelesh |last3=Gosavi |first3=Ninad |last4=Padhye |first4=Anand D. |date=2015-07-25 |title=Indirana salelkari, a new species of leaping frog (Anura: Ranixalidae) from Western Ghats of Goa, India |url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/2175 |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |language=en |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=7493–7509 |doi=10.11609/JoTT.o4262.7493-509 |issn=0974-7907|doi-access=free }}</ref> Karnataka, and Kerala.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last1=Garg |first1=Sonali |last2=Biju |first2=S. D. |date=2016-11-16 |title=Molecular and Morphological Study of Leaping Frogs (Anura, Ranixalidae) with Description of Two New Species |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |article-number=e0166326 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0166326 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5112961 |pmid=27851823|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1166326G }}</ref> There is a large concentration of them in Goa and Maharashtra, however there are still considerable amounts of species within the southern Indian states of Karnataka and Kerala, where there are other frogs within the ''Indirana'' genus.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Scientists say the two groups of frogs in Ranixalidae, ''Indirana'' and ''Walkerana'', split around 58.4 million years ago.<ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb
|title=''Indirana yadera'' Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, & Molur, 2016
|author1=
|editor1=
|editor2=
|date=
|language=
|url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/8517
|access-date=May 28, 2024}}</ref>

==Genera==
There are two genera<ref name=Frost/><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> with a total 18 species:<ref name=Frost/>
*''[[Indirana]]'' Laurent, 1986 — 14 species
*''[[Walkerana]]'' [[Neelesh Dahanukar|Dahanukar]], Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016 — 4 species

The respective species counts in the AmphibiaWeb are 15 (because ''[[Indirana tenuilingua]]'', a ''[[species inquirenda|nomen inquirendum]]'', is listed) and three (''[[Walkerana muduga]]'' Dinesh ''et al''., 2020 not (yet) listed).<ref name=AmphibiaWeb/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=AmphibiaWeb>{{cite web |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Ranixalidae.shtml |title=Ranixalidae |year=2020 |work=AmphibiaWeb |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>

<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php/Amphibia/Anura/Ranixalidae |title=Ranixalidae Dubois, 1987 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2020 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Vitt and Caldwell 2014">{{cite book|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles |edition=4th |first1=Laurie J. |last1=Vitt |first2=Janalee P. |last2=Caldwell |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Academic Press |year=2014 |page=503}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q14612656}}

[[Category:Ranixalidae| ]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Alain Dubois]]

Maniyari River

2026-02-25T04:39:54Z

Vikifzj:

{{unreliable sources|date=March 2025}}
{{Short description|River in Chhattisgarh, India}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Maniyari River
| name_nat
ive_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology = 
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = States
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type3 = Regions
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type4 = Administrative areas
| subdivision_name4 = [[Mungeli district|Mungeli]], [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]],([[Chhattisgarh]])
| subdivision_type5 = Cities
| subdivision_name5 = [[Lormi]], [[Mungeli]], [[Takhatpur]]
| length = {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
}}
The '''Maniyari River''' is a tributary of the [[Shivnath River]], located in the state of [[Chhattisgarh]], India. It serves as a significant water source for agricultural and domestic purposes in the region. The river flows through the districts of [[Mungeli district|Mungeli]] and [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] before merging with the Shivnath.

==Course==
The Maniyari River originates from the hills near the [[Achanakmar Tiger Reserve]] in Chhattisgarh.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mahato |first=Anupama |date=2023 |title=Dynamics of the Maniyari River and its Meandering Nature in the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Area, Chhattisgarh, India A Geospatial Analysis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370996382_Dynamics_of_the_Maniyari_River_and_its_meandering_nature_in_the_Achanakmar_Tiger_Reserve_Area_Chhattisgarh_India_A_Geospatial_analysis |journal=ResearchGate |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref> It flows through the plains of Mungeli and Bilaspur, covering a distance of approximately {{convert|120|km}}. The river finally merges with the [[Shivnath River]] about {{convert|50|km}} from its confluence with the [[Mahanadi River]], one of the major rivers of [[Eastern India]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2022 |title=Dynamics of the Maniyari River and its Meandering Nature Inside the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Area, Chhattisgarh, India: A Geospatial Analysis |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/bitstreams/a2cb6434-20e2-47d4-80f2-4e5d682f3f88/download |journal=FAO Open Knowledge Repository |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

==Tributaries==
The Maniyari River has several small tributaries that contribute to its flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Maniyari River - Wikimapia |url=https://wikimapia.org/river/15559898/Maniyari-River |website=Wikimapia |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref> Some of its prominent tributaries include:
*[[Arpa (river), Chhattisgarh|Arpa River]]
*[[Lilagar River]]
These tributaries play an essential role in maintaining the river's water volume, particularly during the monsoon season.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mahanadi River Basin - Water Conflict Forum's |url=https://waterconflictforum.org/lib_docs/Mahanadi-Situation-Analysis-Report.pdf |website=Water Conflict Forum |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

==Significance==
===Agriculture===
The river supports extensive agricultural activities in the Mungeli and Bilaspur districts. The [[Khudia Dam]], also known as the Rajiv Gandhi Reservoir, constructed on the Maniyari River, provides irrigation water to nearby farmlands.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Rajiv Gandhi Reservoir (Khudia Reservoir) - Mungeli |url=https://mungeli.gov.in/en/tourist-place/khudia/ |website=Mungeli District Official Website |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

===Drinking-water supply===
A large-scale water supply project has been initiated to provide drinking water from the Maniyari River to multiple towns and villages in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Water Resource Management for Improved Climate Resilience in Chhattisgarh |url=https://cgclimatechange.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/WRM-Full-Report-V1-min.pdf |website=Chhattisgarh Climate Change |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

===Religious and cultural importance===
The river holds cultural significance, with several festivals and rituals celebrated on its banks, especially during religious occasions like [[Chhath Puja]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2022 |title=International Journal of Environment and Bioenergy |url=https://modernscientificpress.com/Journals/ViewArticle.aspx?gkN1Z6Pb60HNQPymfPQlZNu2z0uQaMy38mj4WGdUzB59+KERVjO8xF3AChlbx4ey= |journal=Modern Scientific Press |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

==Environmental concerns==
Like many rivers in India, the Maniyari River faces environmental challenges such as pollution from agricultural runoff and domestic waste. Efforts are being made to regulate wastewater discharge and maintain the ecological balance of the river.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=2023 |title=A Review of Chhattisgarh's Forested Watersheds: Research Gaps and Recommendations |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376413911_A_REVIEW_OF_CHHATTISGARH%27S_FORESTED_WATERSHEDS_RESEARCH_GAPS_AND_RECOMMENDATIONS |journal=ResearchGate |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mahato |first=Anupama |date=2023 |title=Dynamics of the Maniyari River and Its Meandering Nature in the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Area, Chhattisgarh, India: A Geospatial Analysis |url=https://www.academia.edu/103361798/Dynamics_of_the_Maniyari_River_and_its_meandering_nature_in_the_Achanakmar_Tiger_Reserve_Area_Chhattisgarh_India_A_Geospatial_analysis |journal=Academia.edu |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{Hydrography of Chhattisgarh}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord|21.8839|82.0362|format=dms|type:river_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Maniyari River| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Chhattisgarh]]
{{improve categories|date=March 2025}}

Parsis cricket team in England in 1886

2026-02-22T13:50:34Z

Vikifzj: Done!

{{Short description|International cricket tour (1886)}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
The '''Parsi tour of England in 1886'''{{efn|In some older sources, ''Parsee'' is used as the name of the people as it was the colonial English spelling, but the name is now commonly written as ''[[Parsi people|Parsi]]''.}} was the first [[cricket]] tour of England by a team from India. While the tour was singularly unsuccessful for the Parsis in terms of results, it led to [[Parsi cricket team in England in 1888|another trip]] by them two years later and more tours by English teams to India in the next decade.

==Background==
The [[Parsi people|Parsis]] in [[Bombay]] were probably the earliest local community in India to take up cricket. [[Vasant Raiji]] recounts that Parsi schoolboys were being coached in 1839 and, when they grew up, they formed the [[Oriental Cricket Club]] in 1848.{{sfn|Raiji|1986|p=13}} In 1876, the prominent Parsi player A. B. Patel formed the Parsee Cricket Club.{{sfn|Raiji|1986|p=13}}

In 1877, the Parsis played their first match against [[Bombay Gymkhana]]. The earliest plan at a tour of England by a Parsi team was made by A. B. Patel in 1878. It fell through when Patel got involved in a libel suit and was unable to proceed with the plans.

A few years later, Patel, with the help of B. B. Baria and Dr Dhunjishaw Patel, made another attempt to organise the tour. [[C. W. Alcock]], the Secretary of the [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey Cricket Club]] served as the agent for the team in England. [[Robert Henderson (Welsh cricketer)|Robert Henderson]], a Surrey professional, acted as the coach.

==The team==
The members of the team were :
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Dr D. H. Patel (captain)
* B. P. Balla
* M. P. Banaji
* B. B. Baria
* S. Bejonji
* S. N. Bhedwar
* P. D. Dastur
* M. Framji
* S. H. Harvar
* D. D. Khambatta
* A. R. Limboowala
* A. C. Major
* P. C. Major
* J. M. Morenas
* J. Pochkhanavala
{{div col end}}

==The tour==
The Parsi team was essentially made up of enthusiasts who were willing to pay their own expenses for the tour. Dhunjishaw Patel, a fast underarm bowler and decent batsman, captained the side. In terms of results, the team made little impression. Of the twenty-eight matches, they won only one and lost 19.

After a three-week voyage, the Parsis played their first match on May 24 against the Lord Sheffield's XI. The second match of the tour was against [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC) for whom [[W. G. Grace]] played at the request of the tourists. Parsis went on to lose by an innings and 224 runs, Grace scored 65 and took 11 wickets for 44 runs in the match. Most of the matches were similarly one-sided. The Parsis crossed 200 only once and scored only four fifties among them. Two notable performances in bowling were Shapurjee Bhedwar's [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]] and 6 for 27 against Chiswick and Ashton. The only victory was on first innings against Normanhurst in a one-day game.

The last match of the tour at Cumberland Lodge against Prince Christian Victor's XII was arranged on the express desire of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. [[Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein|Prince Victor]] and his brother [[Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence|Prince Albert]] took part in the game. At the end of the match a garden party was held in honour of the guests. The team left England on August 24.

==Match scores==
1. May 24–25 at Sheffield Park : Lord Sheffield XI 142 Parsis 46 and 53/4
:Match drawn

2. May 27–28 at Lord's : MCC 313 Parsis 23 and 66
:MCC won by an innings and 224 runs

3. May 31 - June 1 at The Oval : Surrey Cricket Club and Ground 314 Parsis 35 and 115
:Surrey Cricket Club and Ground won by an innings and 164 runs

4. June 2–3 at Battersea : Prince's XI 71 and 229 Parsis 146 and 78
:Prince's XI won by 76 runs

5. June 4–5 at Chiswick Park : Parsis 74 and 87 Chiswick Park 95 and 71 for 3
:Chiswick Park won by seven wickets

6. June 7–8 at Leyton : Parsis 69 and 109 Essex Club and Ground 514
:Essex Club and Ground won by an innings and 339 runs

7. June 9–10 at Harrogate : Harrogate 211 Parsis 85 and 103
:Harrogate won by an innings and 13 runs

8. June 11–12 at Ashton-under-Lyne : Parsis 71 and 71 Ashton-under-Lyne 176
:Ashton-under-Lyne won by an innings and 34 runs

9. June 14–15 at Derby : Derbyshire Cricket Club and Ground 342 Parsis 62 and 12 for 3
:Match drawn

10. June 16–17 at Leicester : Parsis 59 and 156 Gentlemen of Leicestershire 239
:Gentlemen of Leicestershire won by an innings and 24 runs

11. June 18–19 at Elland : Elland 162 and 125 Parsis 109 and 7 for 3
:Match drawn

12. June 21–22 at Hull : Parsis 56 and 107 Hull 129 and 35 for 3
:Hull won by seven wickets

13. June 23–24 at Middlesbrough : North Riding of Yorkshire 583 Parsis 212
:Match drawn

14. June 25–26 at Scarborough : Parsis 145 Scarborough 497
:Match drawn

15. June 28–29 at Edinburgh : Parsis 89 and 61 Gentlemen of Scotland 173
:Gentlemen of Scotland won by an innings and 23 runs

16. July 2–3 at Oldham : Parsis 93 and 19 Werneth CC 190
:Werneth won by an innings and 80 runs

17. July 5–6 at Liverpool : Parsis 89 and 157 Liverpool Club and Ground 482
:Liverpool Club and Ground won by an innings and 236 runs

18. July 7–8 at Edgbaston : Parsis 64 and 109 Warwickshire Club and Ground 333
:Warwickshire Club and Ground won by an innings and 160 runs

19. July 9–10 at Huddersfield : Huddesrfield 302 Parsis 75 and 59 for 2
:Match drawn

20. July 12–13 at Nottingham : Gentlemen of Nottinghamshire 248 Parsis 105 and 71 for 4
:Match drawn

21. July 14–15 at Southampton : Hampshire Club and Ground 288 Parsis 107 and 145
:Hampshire Club and Ground won by an innings and 36 runs

22. July 16–17 at Portsmouth : United Services 377 Parsis 212
:Match drawn

23. July 19–20 at Hastings : Hastings 234 Parsis 96 and 115
:Hastings won by an innings and 23 runs

24. July 22 at Catsfield : Parsis 126 and 29 for 6 Normanhurst 81
:Parsis won by 45 runs on first innings

25. July 23–24 at Gravesend : Gentlemen of North Kent 340 Parsis 133 and 132
:Gentlemen of North Kent won by an innings and 75 runs

26. July 30–31 at Northampton : Gentlemen of Northamptonshire 263 Parsis 25 and 176
:Gentlemen of Northamptonshire won by an innings and 62 runs

27. August 2–3 at Brighton : Sussex CCC 360 Parsis 94 and 97
:Sussex CCC won by an innings and 169 runs

28. August 7 at Cumberland Lodge : Prince Christian Victor's XII 90 and 95 for 2 Parsis XII 33
:Prince Christian Victor's XII won by 57 runs on first innings.

==See also==
* [[Parsi cricket team in England in 1888]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|}}
* {{cite book |last=Bose |first=Mihir |author-link=Mihir Bose |title=A History of Indian Cricket |year=1990 |publisher=Andre Deutsch |location=London |isbn=978-0-233-98563-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramachandra |author-link=Ramachandra Guha |title=A Corner of a Foreign Field |year=2002 |publisher=Picador |location=London |isbn=978-0-330-49117-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Raiji |first=Vasant |author-link=Vasant Raiji |title=India's Hambledon Men |year=1986 |publisher=Tyeby Press |location=Bombay |asin=B005XXBV9I}}
{{refend|}}

{{International cricket tours of England}}

[[Category:1886 in English cricket]]
[[Category:1886 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1886 in cricket]]
[[Category:Indian cricket tours of England|Parsi 1886]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1844 to 1888]]
[[Category:May 1886]]
[[Category:June 1886 in sports]]
[[Category:July 1886]]
[[Category:August 1886]]

Bosco–Caesar

2026-02-21T21:41:01Z

Vikifzj: updated details

{{Short description|Indian choreographer duo}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Bosco-Caesar.jpg|thumb|200px|Bosco-Caesar in 2012]]

'''Bosco–Caesar''' is an Indian choreographer duo who work in Indian films. They are '''Bosco Martis''' and '''Caesar Gonsalves''', who have together worked on 200 songs and about 75 films.<ref name=film12/> They run the Bosco Caesar Dance Company in Brampton (Canada), Scarborough (Canada), Mumbai, Phoolbagan, and Salt Lake in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite news |title=Salt Lake: Bosco-Caesar duo open dance company to spot talent and mint money |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/news/33583458_1_level-one-second-centre-dance-enthusiasts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102230429/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/news/33583458_1_level-one-second-centre-dance-enthusiasts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 November 2014 |work=The Economic Times|date=4 September 2012 |accessdate=28 February 2013}}</ref>

They won the [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]] [[National Film Award (India)|National Film Award]] for [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] for the "[[Señorita (Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara song)|Señorita]]" in ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'',<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone at Bosco-Caesar success bash|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/slideshow_deepika-padukone-at-bosco-caesar-success-bash_1663684#top |publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] |date=17 March 2012 |accessdate=28 February 2013}}</ref> for which they also won the [[Filmfare Award]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]].

==Early life and education==
Bosco Martis (born 23 November 1974)<ref name="martis-bio">{{cite web|title=Bosco Martis|website=NetTV4u|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/choreographer/bosco-martis|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> and Caesar Gonsalves (born 23 February 1973)<ref name="gonsalves-bio">{{cite web|title=Caesar Gonsalves|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/choreographer/caesar-gonsalves|website=NetTV4u|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> grew up in [[Mumbai]] where they both went to St. Josephs in [[Juhu]] and played football together. Bosco was inspired by Caesar's dancing performances and practiced on his own to catch up with his future partner's abilities. The two attended [[Mithibai College]] and graduated in 1990.<ref name="martis-bio"/><ref name="gonsalves-bio"/>

==Career==
[[File:Bosco Martis at 'Gangs Of Wasseypur' screening 17.jpg|thumb|Bosco Martis at 'Gangs Of Wasseypur' screening]]
Bosco–Caesar started as backup dancer for choreographers [[LOLLYPOP]] and [[Farah Khan]]. Thereafter, they started their independent career as choreographers in 1994, when they choreographed a stage show for singers duo [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] and [[Sagarika]] for an awards function. Next they choreographed a music video for singer [[Raageshwari]]'s number "Oye Shava". During the filming of the video, ad film director [[Prahlad Kakkar]] happened to walk in and, in turn, asked them to choreograph a few TV commercials he was shooting with cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Eventually this led to their feature film debut with [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]'s ''[[Mission Kashmir]]'' in 2000.<ref name="film12">{{cite web |title=Dancing with the stars |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/dancing-with-the-stars-395.html |date=7 May 2012 |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |accessdate=28 February 2013}}</ref>

Bosco–Caesar announced that they would be officially parting ways while keeping the brand intact in 2016, with Bosco making his directorial debut and Caesar organizing dance workshops.<ref name="breakup">{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bosco-caesar-not-together-anymore-2184555|title=Bosco-Caesar not together anymore!|newspaper=DNA India|location=Mumabai|publisher=Diligent Media Corporation Ltd.|date=1 March 2016|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> The duo reunited in 2019 to choreograph a song for [[Sajid Nadiadwala]]'s ''[[Chhichhore]]''.<ref name="reunion">{{cite news|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bosco-caesar-reunite-after-three-years-for-sushant-singh-rajput-shraddha-kapoors-chhichhore/articleshow/68017110.cms|title=Bosco-Caesar reunite after three years for Sushant Singh Rajput, Shraddha Kapoor's Chhichhore|date=16 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2021|last=Lohana|first=Avinash|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror|location=Mumbai|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd.}}</ref>

== Television ==
They appeared as mentors in TV reality series, ''[[Fame Gurukul]]'' (2005) and ''Chak Dhoom Dhoom'' (2010) & Bosco appeared as a judge ''[[So You Think You Can Dance (Indian TV series)|So You Think You Can Dance India]]'' (2017) and ''Dance India Dance Season 7'' (2019).<ref>{{cite news |title=Talking point: with bosco-caesar |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/talking-point-with-boscocaesar/614217/ |work= The Indian Express|date=3 May 2010 |accessdate=28 February 2013}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''[[Mission Kashmir]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Sur: The Melody of Life]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Kuch Naa Kaho]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Munnabhai M.B.B.S.]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Swades]]'' (2004, ''Yeh Tar Woh Tara'')
* ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Bluffmaster!]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Super (2005 film)|Super]]'' (2005, Telugu)
* ''[[Fight Club – Members Only]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Taxi No. 9 2 11: Nau Do Gyarah]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Jab We Met]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Salaam-E-Ishq]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Viyyalavari Kayyalu]]'' (2007, Telugu)
* ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2009)
* ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai]]'' (2010, Tamil)
* ''[[Orange (2010 film)|Orange]]'' (2010, Telugu)
* ''[[We Are Family (2010 film)|We Are Family]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maaro Dum]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Lafangey Parindey]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Mere Brother Ki Dulhan]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Always Kabhi Kabhi]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Desi Boyz]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Khokababu]]'' (2012, Bengali)
* ''[[Players (2012 film)|Players]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Student of the Year (2012 film)|Student of the Year]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Raanjhanaa]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Phata Poster Nikhla Hero]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Besharam (2013 film)|Besharam]]'' (2013)
* ''[[R... Rajkumar]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Jackpot (2013 film)|Jackpot]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Gunday]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Main Tera Hero]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Bhoothnath Returns]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Holiday: A Soldier is Never Off Duty]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Bang Bang!]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Ungli]]'' (2014)
* ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Shamitabh]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Shaandaar (2015 film)|Shaandaar]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]'' (2015)
* ''Royal'' (2015, Bengali)
* ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Srimanthudu]]'' (2015, Telugu)
* ''[[Loveshhuda]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Fitoor]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Ki & Ka]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Baaghi (2016 film)|Baaghi]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Udta Punjab]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Dishoom]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Happy Bhaag Jayegi]]'' (2016)
* ''[[A Flying Jatt]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Baar Baar Dekho]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Tutak Tutak Tutiya]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Rock On 2]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'' (2016, Telugu)
* ''[[Raees (2017 film)|Raees]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Jolly LLB 2]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Machine (2017 film)|Machine]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]'' (2017)
* ''[[A Gentleman]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Lucknow Central]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Judwaa 2]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Love Per Square Foot]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Veerey Ki Wedding]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Gold (2018 film)|Gold]]'' (2018)
* ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' (2018, Tamil)
* ''[[Rajaratha]]'' (2018, Kannada)
* ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'' (2018)
* ''[[De De Pyaar De]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Chhichhore]]'' (2019)
* ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Tanhaji|Tanhaji : The Unsung Warrior]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Chhalaang]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Koi Jaane Na]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Butterfly (upcoming film)|Butterfly]]'' (2020, Kannada)
* ''[[Jersey (2022 film)|Jersey]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Doctor G]]'' (2022)
* ''[[An Action Hero]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Shehzada (2023 film)|Shehzada]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar]]'' (2023)
* [[Satyaprem Ki Katha|''Satya Prem Ki Katha'']] (2023)
* ''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]'' (2024)
*''[[Boomerang (2024 Bengali film)|Boomerang]]'' (2024, Bengali)
* ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (2024 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Indian 2]]'' (2024, Tamil)
* ''[[Bad Newz (film)|Bad Newz]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Devara: Part 1]]'' (2024, Telugu) - Bosco Martis
* ''[[Deva (2025 film)|Deva]]'' (2025)
* ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025) - Bosco Martis
* ''Alpha'' (2025) - Bosco Martis

=== Independent songs ===
* ''Baha Kiliki'' ([[Smita]], 2016)
* ''I am a Disco Dancer 2.0'' ([[Tiger Shroff]], 2020)
* ''Nach Meri Rani'' ([[Guru Randhawa]], 2020)
* ''Dance Meri Rani'' ([[Guru Randhawa]], 2021)

=== Director ===
* ''[[Rocket Gang (film)|Rocket Gang]]'' (2022) (Directed by Bosco)

==Awards==
{|class="wikitable"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Song !! Result !! Ref
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2005
| 8th [[Zee Cine Awards]]|| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Door Se Paas" (''[[Musafir (2004 film)|Musafir]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
| Screen Weekly Awards || Best Choreography || "Ishq Kabhi Kariyo Na" (''[[Musafir (2004 film)|Musafir]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010 || [[55th Filmfare Awards]] || [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Chor Bazaari" (''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
| [[11th IIFA Awards]] || [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Chor Bazaari" (''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'') || {{won}} ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ronamai |first1=Raymond |title=IIFA Technical Awards winners are... |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2010/iifa-technical-awards-winners-170510.html |access-date=19 February 2020 |work=filmibeat |date=17 May 2010 |language=en |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020191113/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/iifa-technical-awards-winners-170510.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 16th [[Screen Awards]] || Best Choreography || "Zoobi Doobi" (''[[3 Idiots]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2012 ||[[59th National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Señorita" (''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
| [[57th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Señorita" (''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|[[12th IIFA Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Señorita" (''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|rowspan=2|Apsara Film Producers Guild Awards
|rowspan=2|Best Choreography
| "Señorita" (''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
| "Desi Boyz" (''[[Desi Boyz]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2013
| [[58th Filmfare Awards]]|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Aunty Ji" (''[[Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|Apsara Film Producers Guild Awards || Best Choreography || "Daaru Desi" (''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
| 15th [[Zee Cine Awards]]|| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Dhating Naach" (''[[Phata Poster Nikla Hero]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|Apsara Film Producers Guild Awards || Best Choreography || "Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai" (''[[Phata Poster Nikla Hero]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|rowspan=5|2015
|rowspan=3|[[60th Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan=3|[[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| "Hungama Ho Gaya" (''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
| "Tu Meri" (''[[Bang Bang!]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
| "Tune Maari Entriyaan" (''[[Gunday]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
|Bollywood Hungama Surfers' Choice Music Awards || Best Choreography || "Tu Meri" (''[[Bang Bang!]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
| FOI Online Awards || Best Choreography || "Gallan Goodiyaan" (''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2016
|rowspan=2|FOI Online Awards
|rowspan=2|Best Choreography
| "Pashminna" (''[[Fitoor]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
| "Kala Chashma" (''[[Baar Baar Dekho]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
| 18th [[Zee Cine Awards]] || [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Kala Chashma" (''[[Baar Baar Dekho]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
| 14th [[Stardust Awards]] || Best Choreography || "Kala Chashma" (''[[Baar Baar Dekho]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|rowspan=4|2018
|rowspan=2|19th [[Zee Cine Awards]]
|rowspan=2|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| "Cheez Badi" (''[[Machine (2017 film)|Machine]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
| "Tamma Tamma Again" (''[[Judwaa 2]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|rowspan=2|FOI Online Awards
|rowspan=2|Best Choreography
|"Dil Chori" (''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|"Dhyanchand" (''[[Manmarziyaan]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|2019
| 20th [[Zee Cine Awards]]|| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Sweety Tera Drama" (''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'') || {{nom}} ||
|-
|rowspan=6|2020
|rowspan=2|[[65th Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan=2|[[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| "Jai Jai Shiv Shankar" (''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
| "[[Ghungroo (song)|Ghungroo]]" (''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'') (along with [[Tushar Kalia]]) || {{Nom}} ||
|-
| [[21st IIFA Awards]] || [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "[[Ghungroo (song)|Ghungroo]]" (''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'') (along with [[Tushar Kalia]])) || {{won}} ||
|-
|rowspan=2|21st [[Zee Cine Awards]]
|rowspan=2|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
|"[[Ghungroo (song)|Ghungroo]]" (''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'') (along with [[Tushar Kalia]]) || {{nom}} ||
|-
|"Jai Jai Shiv Shankar" (''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
| 26th [[Screen Awards]] || Best Choreography || "Jai Jai Shiv Shankar" (''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|rowspan=4|2023
|rowspan=2|[[68th Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan=2|[[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| "[[Rangisari]]" (''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
| "Bhool Bhulaiyaa (Title Track)" (''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
| [[23rd IIFA Awards]] || [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Bhool Bhulaiyaa (Title Track)" (''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
| 22nd [[Zee Cine Awards]] || [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "Bhool Bhulaiyaa (Title Track)" (''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|2024
| [[69th Filmfare Awards]]|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] || "[[Jhoome Jo Pathaan]]" (''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'') || {{Nom}} ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2025
|[[70th Filmfare Awards]]|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
|rowspan="2"| "Tauba Tauba" (''[[Bad News (film)|Bad Newz]]'') || {{won}} ||
|-
|[[25th IIFA Awards|IIFA Awards]] ||[[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]|| {{won}} ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
* {{IMDb name|1256600|Bosco Martis}}
* {{IMDb name|3126751|Caesar Gonsalves}}

{{National Film Award Best Choreography}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Choreography}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bosco-Caesar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Duos]]
[[Category:Artists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian film choreographers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Best Choreography National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Financial Times

2026-02-20T11:17:31Z

Vikifzj: Expanded content with additional details

{{Short description|British newspaper}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{infobox newspaper
| logo = [[File:Financial Times masthead.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| language = English
| image = Financial_Times_22_February_2021_cover.jpg
| caption = Cover of the 22 February 2021 issue
| founded = {{start date and age|1888|1|9|df=yes}}
| format = {{plainlist|
* [[Broadsheet]] (345[[millimeter|mm]] x 560mm)
* [[Online Newspaper|Digital]]
}}
| owner = The Financial Times Ltd. ([[Nikkei Inc.]])
| political_position = {{nowrap|[[Liberalism in the United Kingdom|Liberalism]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Times {{pipe}} eurotopics.net |url=https://www.eurotopics.net/en/148542/financial-times |website=eurotopics.net ([[Federal Agency for Civic Education|BPB]]) |access-date=17 April 2020 |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206210737/https://www.eurotopics.net/en/148542/financial-times |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Conservative liberalism]]<ref name="cons"/> [[Centrism|Centre]]<ref>{{cite web |website=oxford-royale.com |url=https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/a-guide-to-british-newspapers/ |title=Black and White and Read All over: A Guide to British Newspapers |date=28 March 2018 |access-date=16 March 2023 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317095302/https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/a-guide-to-british-newspapers/ |url-status=live |last1=Royale |first1=Oxford }}</ref> to [[centre-right]]<ref>{{cite book |editor=Christina Schaeffner |title=Political Discourse, Media and Translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BIaBwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+liberal+FT&pg=PA35 |quote= With regard to political affiliation ''The Daily Telegraph'' is a right-wing paper, ''The Times'' centre-right, ''The Financial Times'' centre-right and liberal, and ''The Guardian'' centre-left. |date=2009 |page=35 |publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4438-1793-6}}</ref>}}
| headquarters = [[Bracken House, London|Bracken House]] London, England
| editor = [[Roula Khalaf]]
| circulation = 104,971
| circulation_date = September 2025
| circulation_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Times |url=https://www.abc.org.uk/product/2301 |publisher=[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] |date=11 March 2025 |access-date=30 March 2025 |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919094509/https://www.abc.org.uk/product/2301 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| sister_newspapers = ''[[Nikkei Asia]]''
| ISSN = 0307-1766
| oclc = 60638918
| website = {{official URL}}
| deputy_editor = Patrick Jenkins
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| founder = James Sheridan
}}

The '''''Financial Times''''' ('''''FT''''') is a [[United Kingdom|British]] daily [[newspaper]] printed in [[broadsheet]] and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic [[Current affairs (news format)|current affairs]]. Based in London, the paper is owned by a Japanese holding company, [[Nikkei, Inc.|Nikkei]], with core editorial offices across Britain, the United States and continental Europe. In July 2015, [[Pearson plc|Pearson]] sold the publication to Nikkei for [[Pound sterling|£]]844 million ([[US$]]1.32 billion) after owning it since 1957. In 2019, it reported one million paying subscriptions, three-quarters of which were digital subscriptions.<ref>{{cite web|title=FT tops one million paying readers|url=https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/ft-tops-one-million-paying-readers/|website=Financial Times|date=April 2019|language=en-GB|access-date=19 April 2019|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419171825/https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/ft-tops-one-million-paying-readers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian20190419">{{cite news|last=Greenslade|first=Roy|author-link=Roy Greenslade|date=14 April 2019|title=Financial Times thrives by focusing on subscriptions|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/commentisfree/2019/apr/14/financial-times-thrives-by-focusing-on-subscriptions|access-date=19 April 2019|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419171820/https://www.theguardian.com/media/commentisfree/2019/apr/14/financial-times-thrives-by-focusing-on-subscriptions|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, it was reported to have 1.3 million subscribers of which 1.2 million were digital.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guaglione |first=Sara |date=28 September 2023 |title=Financial Times targets U.S. and global readers with subscription app products |url=https://digiday.com/media/financial-times-targets-u-s-and-global-readers-with-subscription-app-products/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |website=Digiday |language=en-US}}</ref> The newspaper has a prominent focus on [[Business journalism|financial journalism]] and economic analysis rather than [[News media|generalist reporting]], drawing both criticism and acclaim. It sponsors an [[Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award|annual book award]] and publishes a "[[Financial Times Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]" feature.

The paper was founded in January 1888 as the '''''London Financial Guide''''' before rebranding a month later as the ''Financial Times''. It was first circulated around [[London metropolitan area|metropolitan London]] by [[#History|James Sheridan]], who, along with his brother and [[Horatio Bottomley]], sought to report on city business opposite the ''[[Financial News (1884–1945)|Financial News]]''. The succeeding half-century of competition between the two papers eventually culminated in a [[Financial News (1884–1945)#History|1945 merger]], led by [[Brendan Bracken]], which established it as [[List of business newspapers#Top circulation|one of the largest business newspapers]] in the world.

Globalisation from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries facilitated editorial expansion for the ''FT'', with the paper adding opinion columns, special reports, [[political cartoon]]s, [[readers' letters]], book reviews, technology articles and global politics features. The paper is often characterised by its light-orange (salmon) [[newsprint]]. It is supplemented by its lifestyle magazine (''[[FT Magazine]]''), weekend edition (''[[#FT Weekend|FT Weekend]]'') and some industry publications.

The [[#Editorial stance|editorial stance of the ''Financial Times'']] centres on [[economic liberalism]], particularly advocacy of [[free trade]] and [[free market]]s. Since its founding, it has supported [[liberal democracy]], favouring [[Classical liberalism|classically liberal]] politics and policies from international governments; its newsroom is independent from its editorial board, and it is considered a [[newspaper of record]]. Due to its history of economic commentary, the ''FT'' publishes a [[#Indices|variety of financial indices]], primarily the [[FTSE All-Share Index]]. Since the late 20th century, its typical depth of coverage has linked the paper with a [[White-collar worker|white-collar]], educated, and financially literate readership.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Plunkett |first1=John |last2=Martinson |first2=Jane |title=Financial Times sold to Japanese media group Nikkei for £844m |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jul/23/financial-times-sale-pearson |work=The Guardian |date=24 July 2015 |access-date=29 May 2020 |issn=0261-3077 |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523174549/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jul/23/financial-times-sale-pearson |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kynaston |first=David |title=A Brief History of the Financial Times |url=https://www.gale.com/binaries/content/assets/gale-us-en/primary-sources/intl-gps/intl-gps-essays/full-ghn-contextual-essays/ghn_essay_ftha_kynaston1_website.pdf |publisher=Viking Adult |year=1988 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=18 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218030317/https://www.gale.com/binaries/content/assets/gale-us-en/primary-sources/intl-gps/intl-gps-essays/full-ghn-contextual-essays/ghn_essay_ftha_kynaston1_website.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Because of this tendency, the ''FT'' has traditionally been regarded as a [[Centrism|centrist]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Rawlinson |editor-first=Francis |title=How Press Propaganda Paved the Way to Brexit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2vLDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22The+Financial+Times%22+%22Centre%22+How+Press+Propaganda+Paved+the+Way+to+Brexit&pg=PA65 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |date=2020 |page=65 |isbn=978-3-030-27765-9}}</ref> to [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Schaeffner |editor-first=Christina |title=Political Discourse, Media and Translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BIaBwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+liberal+FT&pg=PA35 |quote=With regard to political affiliation ''The Daily Telegraph'' is a right-wing paper, ''The Times'' centre-right, the ''Financial Times'' centre-right and liberal, and ''The Guardian'' centre-left. |date=2009 |page=35 |publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4438-1793-6}}</ref> [[Liberalism|liberal]],<ref>{{cite book|editor=Essvale Corporation Limited |title=Business Knowledge for IT in Retail Banking: A Complete Handbook for IT Professionals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lkkGaIr3DQkC&dq=centre-right+liberal+FT&pg=PA46 |quote=The Financial Times is normally seen as centre-right/liberal, although to the left of its principal competitor, The Wall Street Journal. It advocates free markets and is generally in favour of globalisation. |date=2007 |page=46 |publisher=Essvale Corporation Limited |isbn=978-0-9554124-2-4}}</ref> [[Neoliberalism|neo-liberal]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morgan |first1=Kevin |last2=Marsden |first2=Terry |last3=Murdoch |first3=Jonathan |title=Worlds of Food: Place, Power, and Provenance in the Food Chain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeM9CyPsnvAC&dq=%22liberal+Financial+Times%22&pg=PA41 |quote=The neo-liberal Financial Times was outraged by the Farm Bill's 'grotesque farm subsidies' and it accused Washington of having 'surrendered to protectionism', while the heads of the WTO, World Bank, and the IMF penned a joint protest ... |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2006 |page=41 |isbn=978-0-19-155662-3}}</ref> and [[Conservative liberalism|conservative-liberal]]<ref name="cons">{{cite book |editor-last=Kirchhelle |editor-first=Claas |title=Pyrrhic Progress: The History of Antibiotics in Anglo-American Food Production |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jT6-DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22liberal+Financial+Times%22&pg=PA1927 |quote=Enthusiastic reports subsequently appeared in the left-leaning Observer and the conservative-liberal Financial Times. |date=2020 |page=1927 |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8135-9149-0}}</ref> newspaper. The ''Financial Times'' is headquartered in [[Bracken House, London|Bracken House]] at 1 Friday Street, near the city's financial centre, where it maintains its [[publishing]] house, corporate centre, and main editorial office.

==History==
[[File:Financial Times 1888 front page.jpg|thumb|The front page of the ''Financial Times'' on 13 February 1888|247x247px]]

=== Origins ===
The ''FT'' was launched as the ''London Financial Guide'' on 10 January 1888, renaming itself the ''Financial Times'' on 13 February the same year. Describing itself as the friend of "The Honest Financier, the Bona Fide Investor, the Respectable Broker, the Genuine Director, and the Legitimate Speculator", it was a four-page journal. The readership was the financial community of the [[City of London]], its only rival being the more daring and slightly older (founded in 1884) ''[[Financial News (1884–1945)|Financial News]]''. On 2 January 1893 the ''FT'' began printing on light pink paper to distinguish it from the similarly named ''Financial News.''<ref name=FTabout>{{cite web|website=Financial Times|title=About the newspaper|url=http://help.ft.com/newspaper-delivery/about-the-newspaper/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108062240/http://help.ft.com/newspaper-delivery/about-the-newspaper/#axzz3ZDPTGgyZ|archive-date=8 January 2012 |access-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> The pink tint came from the pink color of the [[China clay]] they began sourcing from the [[Bodelva]] [[clay pit]] near [[St Austell]], [[Cornwall]],<ref name="Becquart2020">{{cite news |last1=Becquart |first1=Charlotte |title=The Financial Times newspaper is pink because of Cornwall's China clay |url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/financial-times-newspaper-pink-because-4394084 |access-date=27 May 2025 |work=[[Cornwall Live]] |publisher=[[InYourArea]] |date=8 August 2020}}</ref> and at the time, it was cheaper not to bleach the paper (several other more general newspapers, such as ''[[The Sporting Times]]'', had the same policy), but nowadays it is more expensive as the paper has to be dyed specially.<ref name=FTabout/>

=== Purchase by the Berry brothers ===
The Berry brothers, [[William Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose|Lord Camrose]] and [[Gomer Berry, 1st Viscount Kemsley|Gomer Berry]] (later Lord Kemsley), purchased the ''Financial Times'' in 1919.<ref name=Kynaston1988>{{cite book|author-link= David Kynaston|first=David|last=Kynaston|title=The Financial Times: A Centenary History|publisher= Viking |date=1988|pages=142–144}}</ref>

=== Purchase by Brendan Bracken; merger with the ''Financial News'' ===
In 1945, [[Brendan Bracken]] purchased the ''Financial Times'' from Lord Camrose,<ref name=Kynaston1988 /> and, following 57 years of rivalry, merged it with the ''Financial News'' to form a single six-page newspaper. The ''Financial Times'' had a higher circulation, while the ''Financial News'' provided much of the editorial talent. The ''Lex'' column was also introduced from ''Financial News''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gale.cengage.co.uk/images/FT%20Brief%20History%20by%20David%20Kynaston.pdf |title=A brief history of the FT by David Kynaston, author of ''The Financial Times: A Centenary History''. |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015044548/http://gale.cengage.co.uk/images/FT%20Brief%20History%20by%20David%20Kynaston.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> With this purchase and merger, Bracken is credited as being "the effective founding father of the modern ''Financial Times'', Britain’s highest quality daily newspaper."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evilly |first=Barry Mac |date=28 September 2016 |title=Churchill & the Irishman |url=https://www.littlemuseum.ie/whats-on/churchill-the-irishman/ |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=Little Museum of Dublin |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Gordon Newton and "direct recruitment" ===
[[Gordon Newton]], a Cambridge graduate, took over as editor in 1949, and immediately introduced a policy (then most unusual in [[Fleet Street]]) of direct recruitment of new university graduates, mainly from Oxbridge, as its trainee journalists. Many of them proceeded to have distinguished careers elsewhere in journalism and British public life and became the mainstay of the paper's own editorial strengths until the 1990s. The first such 'direct recruit' was future leading British economist Andrew Shonfield; the second was (later Sir) William Rees-Mogg who went on, via ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', to edit ''[[The Times]]'' in 1967 following its acquisition by [[Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet|Roy Thomson]]. Other ''FT'' Oxbridge recruits included the future [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Nigel Lawson]]. The ''FT''{{'}}s distinctive recruitment policy for Fleet Street journalists was never popular with the [[National Union of Journalists]] and ceased in 1966 following the recruitment of Richard Lambert from Oxford, himself a future Editor of the ''FT''.

=== Purchase by Pearson and growth into a global newspaper ===
Meanwhile, [[Pearson plc|Pearson]] had bought the paper in 1957.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Pearson plc |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pearson-plc-history/|access-date=2 March 2021|website=FundingUniverse |archive-date=4 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504105629/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pearson-plc-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the years, the paper grew in size, readership, and breadth of coverage. It established correspondents in cities around the world, reflecting a renewed impetus in the [[world economy]] towards [[globalisation]]. As cross-border trade and capital flows increased during the 1970s, the ''FT'' began international expansion, facilitated by developments in technology and the growing acceptance of English as the international language of business. On 1 January 1979 the first ''FT'' (Continental Europe edition) was printed outside the UK, in Frankfurt; printing in the US began in July 1985.<ref name=npius>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YO5VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=g-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6636%2C6548979 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=Oregon |agency=Associated Press |title=Financial Times of London now printed in U.S. |date=28 July 1985 |page=3F |access-date=22 April 2021 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422202132/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YO5VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=g-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6636,6548979 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since then, with increased international coverage, the ''FT'' has become a global newspaper, printed in 22 locations with five international editions to serve the UK, continental Europe, the US, Asia and the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fttoolkit.co.uk/2011mediakit/history_video.html |title=FT's Media Kit: FT Heritage and Innovation |publisher=Fttoolkit.co.uk |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215215337/http://www.fttoolkit.co.uk/2011mediakit/history_video.html |archive-date=15 February 2013 }}</ref>

The European edition is distributed throughout continental Europe and Africa. It is printed Monday to Saturday at five centres across Europe, reporting on matters concerning the European Union, the [[euro]] and European corporate affairs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.financialtimes.net/about_fttour.html |title=FT tour |website=Financial Times|publisher=Financialtimes.net |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513183713/https://www.financialtimes.net/about_fttour.html |archive-date=13 May 2013 }}</ref> In 1994 ''FT'' launched a luxury lifestyle magazine, ''How To Spend It''. In 2009 it launched a standalone website for the magazine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pearson.com/news/2009/october/financial-times-launches-how-to-spend-it-online.html?article=true |title=Financial Times launches How To Spend It online |publisher=Pearson |date=1 October 2009 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160117/http://www.pearson.com/news/2009/october/financial-times-launches-how-to-spend-it-online.html?article=true |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref>

=== FT.com ===
[[File:Financial Times building One Southwark Bridge.jpg|thumb|The former London offices of the ''Financial Times'' at [[Southwark Bridge Road|One Southwark Bridge]]|alt=]]

On 13 May 1995 the ''Financial Times'' group made its first foray into the online world with the launch of FT.com. This provided a summary of news from around the globe, which was supplemented in February 1996 with stock price coverage. The second-generation site was launched in spring 1996. The site was funded by advertising and contributed to the online advertising market in the UK in the late 1990s. Between 1997 and 2000, the site underwent several revamps and changes of strategy, as the FT Group and Pearson reacted to the changes online. ''FT'' introduced subscription services in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pearson.com/news/2002/april/ftcom-to-launch-improved-website-with-new-content-and-services.html?article=true |title=FT.com to launch improved website with new content and services for users, subscribers and advertisers |publisher=Pearson |date=30 April 2002 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160115/http://www.pearson.com/news/2002/april/ftcom-to-launch-improved-website-with-new-content-and-services.html?article=true |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> ''FT.com'' is one of the few UK news sites successfully funded by individual subscription.

In 1997, the ''FT'' launched a US edition, printed in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Dallas, Atlanta, Orlando and Washington, D.C., although the newspaper was first printed outside New York City in 1985. In September 1998 the ''FT'' became the first UK-based newspaper to sell more copies internationally than within the UK. In 2000 the ''Financial Times'' started publishing a German-language edition, ''[[Financial Times Deutschland]]'', with a news and editorial team based in Hamburg. Its initial circulation in 2003 was 90,000. It was originally a joint venture with a German publishing firm, [[Gruner + Jahr]]. In January 2008 the ''FT'' sold its 50% stake to its German partner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pearson.com/news/2008/january/pearson-to-sell-its-ft-deutschland-stake-to-gruner-%2B-jahr.html?article=true |title=Pearson to sell its FT Deutschland stake to Gruner + Jahr |publisher=Pearson |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160113/http://www.pearson.com/news/2008/january/pearson-to-sell-its-ft-deutschland-stake-to-gruner-%2B-jahr.html?article=true |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> ''FT Deutschland'' never made a profit and is said to have accumulated losses of €250 million over 12 years. It closed on 7 December 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wiesmann |first=Gerrit |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0c8df1ae-356b-11e2-bd77-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0c8df1ae-356b-11e2-bd77-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=FT Deutschland closure date confirmed |work=Financial Times |date=23 November 2012 |access-date=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/business/21567952-curtains-or-see-you-world-wide-web-so-farewell-then-ftd |title=So farewell then, FTD |newspaper=The Economist |date=8 December 2012 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-date=20 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131605/http://www.economist.com/news/business/21567952-curtains-or-see-you-world-wide-web-so-farewell-then-ftd |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' launched a new weekly supplement for the fund management industry on 4 February 2002. ''FT fund management'' (FTfm) was and still is distributed with the paper every Monday. FTfm is the world's largest-circulation fund management title.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pearson.com/news/2002/january/financial-times-to-expand-fund-management-coverage.html?article=true |title=Financial Times to expand fund management coverage with new weekly supplement |publisher=Pearson |date=28 January 2002 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160028/http://www.pearson.com/news/2002/january/financial-times-to-expand-fund-management-coverage.html?article=true |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> Since 2005 the ''FT'' has sponsored the annual [[Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award|''Financial Times'' Business Book of the Year Award]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/d61420c0-a83d-11d9-87a9-00000e2511c8.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/d61420c0-a83d-11d9-87a9-00000e2511c8.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-status=live |title=Why there is a need for this award |website=Financial Times |date=10 April 2005 |access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref>

=== "Refreshed" ''FT'' ===
On 23 April 2007, the ''FT'' unveiled a "refreshed" version of the newspaper and introduced a new slogan, "We Live in Financial Times".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pearson.com/news/2007/april/financial-times-unveils-global-refresh.html?article=true |title=Financial Times unveils global refresh |publisher=Pearson |date=23 April 2007 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160110/http://www.pearson.com/news/2007/april/financial-times-unveils-global-refresh.html?article=true |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> In 2007 the ''FT'' pioneered a [[metered paywall]], which let visitors to its website read a limited number of free articles during any one month before asking them to pay.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/special-report/2011/07/09/reinventing-the-newspaper |title=Special report: The news industry |newspaper=The Economist |date=7 July 2011 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612170302/https://www.economist.com/node/18904178 |url-status=live }}</ref> Four years later the ''FT'' launched its [[HTML5]] mobile internet app. Smartphones and tablets now drive 12% of subscriptions and 19% of traffic to FT.com.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aboutus.ft.com/2012/04/12/ft-web-app-hits-two-million-users/ |title=FT Web App hits two million users |work=Financial Times |date=12 April 2012 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313053459/http://aboutus.ft.com/2012/04/12/ft-web-app-hits-two-million-users/ }}</ref> In 2012, the number of digital subscribers surpassed the circulation of the newspaper for the first time and the ''FT'' drew almost half of its revenue from subscriptions rather than advertising.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barber |first=Lionel |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/6fce6e6e-711c-11e2-9d5c-00144feab49a.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/6fce6e6e-711c-11e2-9d5c-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title= FT at 125: The world in focus |work=Financial Times |date=12 February 2013 |access-date=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aboutus.ft.com/2013/01/03/gillian-tett-keynote-remarks-at-the-knight-bagehot-37th-anniversary-gala/ |title=Gillian Tett keynote remarks at the Knight-Bagehot 37th Anniversary Gala |work=Financial Times |date=3 January 2013 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307121537/http://aboutus.ft.com/2013/01/03/gillian-tett-keynote-remarks-at-the-knight-bagehot-37th-anniversary-gala/ }}</ref>

The ''FT'' has been available on [[Bloomberg Terminal]] since 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pearson.com/news/2010/december/financial-times-now-available-on-bloomberg-professional.html?article=true |title=Financial Times now available on Bloomberg Professional |publisher=Pearson.com |date=6 December 2010 |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015160108/http://www.pearson.com/news/2010/december/financial-times-now-available-on-bloomberg-professional.html?article=true |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> and on the [[Wiser.org|Wisers]] platform since 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/financial-times-launches-on-wisers-services/ |title=Financial Times launches on Wisers services |website=Financial Times |date=6 May 2013 |access-date=19 July 2017 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018082357/https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/financial-times-launches-on-wisers-services/ |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2015, instead of the metered paywall on the website, visitors were given unlimited free access for one month, after which they needed to subscribe.<ref name="Guardian20190419"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Financial Times CEO John Ridding explains how to make people pay for media |first=Eric |last=Johnson |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/4/5/17200016/john-ridding-financial-times-ft-online-subscriptions-paywall-nikkei-peter-kafka-recode-media-podcast |newspaper=Recode.net |via=Vox |date=5 April 2018 |access-date=19 April 2020 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801043704/https://www.vox.com/2018/4/5/17200016/john-ridding-financial-times-ft-online-subscriptions-paywall-nikkei-peter-kafka-recode-media-podcast |url-status=live }}</ref> Pearson sold the Financial Times Group to [[Nikkei, Inc.]] for [[Pound sterling|£]]844 million ([[US$]]1.32 billion) in July 2015.<ref name="BBC20150723"/><ref name="Guardian20150724"/><ref name="Nikkei20151130"/>

In 2016, the ''Financial Times'' acquired a controlling stake in Alpha Grid, a London-based media company specialising in the development and production of quality branded content across a range of channels, including broadcast, video, digital, social and events.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/ft-expands-content-marketing-studio-with-majority-stake-in-alpha-grid/|title=FT expands content marketing studio with majority stake in Alpha Grid|access-date=2 March 2018|archive-date=3 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303105637/https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/ft-expands-content-marketing-studio-with-majority-stake-in-alpha-grid/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the ''Financial Times'' acquired a controlling stake in [[Longitude Research|Longitude]], a specialist provider of [[thought leadership]] and research services to a multinational corporate and institutional client base.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/financial-times-acquires-majority-stake-in-research-and-content-specialists-longitude/|title=Financial Times acquires majority stake in research and content specialists Longitude|access-date=2 March 2018|archive-date=2 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302225357/https://aboutus.ft.com/en-gb/announcements/financial-times-acquires-majority-stake-in-research-and-content-specialists-longitude/|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2022, the FT completed the full acquisition of Longitude, buying out the remaining shares from co-founders Rob Mitchell, James Watson and Gareth Lofthouse. This investment built on the ''Financial Times''{{'}} recent growth in several business areas, including conferences and events through ''FT Live'' and extends the ''FT''{{'s}} traditional commercial offering into a wider set of integrated services.

In 2020, reporter Mark Di Stefano resigned from the ''Financial Times'' after hacking into [[Zoom (software)|Zoom]] calls at other media organisations including ''[[The Independent]]'' and the ''[[Evening Standard]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ft Reporter Resigns After Eavesdropping on Zoom Conference Calls at Independent and Standard|url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/ft-reporter-eavesdropped-on-independent-zoom-call-informing-staff-of-cutbacks/|website=[[Press Gazette]]|date=30 September 2022|access-date=30 January 2026|first=Dominic|last=Ponsford|orig-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> In 2020, the retraction of an opinion piece by a reporter for the ''Financial Times'' generated a controversy about the editorial independence of the paper from outside political pressure. The controversy followed the withdrawal by the newspaper's editor of an opinion piece by ''FT''{{'s}} Brussels correspondent Mehreen Khan that was critical of French President [[Emmanuel Macron]]'s policy towards Muslim minorities in France. The piece was withdrawn from the ''FT'' website on the same day as its publication.<ref>{{cite news |last=Oborne |first=Peter |date=10 November 2020 |title=Freedom of speech in France extends to Macron's critics as well |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/freedom-speech-france-extends-macron-critics |work=Middle East Eye |access-date=4 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184315/https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/freedom-speech-france-extends-macron-critics |url-status=live }}</ref> President Macron subsequently published a letter in the ''FT'' directly responding to the arguments of the original opinion piece, even though the original opinion piece was no longer available on the website of the newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Leary |first=Naomi |date=11 November 2020 |title=Europe Letter: EU happy to celebrate or stigmatise Muslim immigrants when it suits agenda |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/macron-helps-propel-far-right-ideas-to-heart-of-europe-1.4406805 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=4 July 2021 |archive-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409201309/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/macron-helps-propel-far-right-ideas-to-heart-of-europe-1.4406805 |url-status=live }}</ref> The editor of the ''FT'', [[Roula Khalaf]], who took the decision to withdraw the initial article, acknowledged having been contacted by the [[Élysée Palace]] regarding the article, and defended her decision on the basis purely of several factual errors in the original piece by Mehreen Khan.<ref>{{cite AV media |people= Roula Khalaf and Amol Rajan |date=21 April 2021 |title= Roula Khalaf, editor of The Financial Times|medium= audio |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000v8ww |access-date= 4 July 2021 |time= 14:20 minutes in |work= BBC Sounds}}</ref>

===Wirecard exposé===
{{Main|Wirecard scandal}}

In January 2019, the ''FT'' began a series of [[Investigative journalism|investigative articles]] detailing fraud suspicions at German payments group [[Wirecard]]. When the Wirecard share price plunged, German news media speculated that [[market manipulation]] was behind this attack on a German corporate, focusing on the lead author of the ''FT'' series, [[Dan McCrum]]. The public prosecutor's office in [[Munich]] subsequently launched an investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/wirecard-ermittlungen-gegen-financial-times-journalisten-16047237.html |title=Staatsanwaltschaft ermittelt gegen einen Financial-Times-Journalisten |work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |date=18 February 2019 |access-date=21 July 2019 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226152550/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/wirecard-ermittlungen-gegen-financial-times-journalisten-16047237.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After the formal complaint of an investor, Wirecard and the German [[Federal Financial Supervisory Authority]] (BaFin), the responsible state's attorney announced investigations into several ''FT'' journalists.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/finanzen/banken-versicherungen/zahlungsdienstleister-wirecard-erhebt-schwere-anschuldigungen-gegen-die-financial-times/24681644.html |title=Wirecard erhebt schwere Anschuldigungen gegen die 'Financial Times' |work=Handelsblatt |date=21 July 2019 |access-date=21 July 2019 |archive-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722155343/https://www.handelsblatt.com/finanzen/banken-versicherungen/zahlungsdienstleister-wirecard-erhebt-schwere-anschuldigungen-gegen-die-financial-times/24681644.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 22 June 2020 and after 18 months of investigations and an external audit, Wirecard announced that €1.9 billion worth of cash reported in its accounts "may not exist". The company subsequently filed for [[insolvency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Wirecard investors set for legal battle as accounting questions mount |url=https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/wirecard-investors-set-for-legal-battle-as-accounting-questions-mount-59114712 |access-date=26 June 2020 |work=S&P Global |date=26 June 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629120404/https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/wirecard-investors-set-for-legal-battle-as-accounting-questions-mount-59114712 |url-status=live }}</ref> BaFin itself became subject of a [[European Securities and Markets Authority]] investigation for its response to the scandal.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davies |first=Pascale |title=EU to investigate German financial watchdog over Wirecard scandal |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/06/25/wirecard-goes-bust-amid-german-accounting-scandal |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=Euronews |date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627061543/https://www.euronews.com/2020/06/25/wirecard-goes-bust-amid-german-accounting-scandal |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Fossil fuel advertising ===
An investigation by ''[[The Intercept]]'', ''[[The Nation]]'', and [[DeSmog]] found that ''FT'' is one of the leading media outlets that publishes advertising for the [[fossil fuel]] industry.<ref name=intercept20231205>{{cite news|date=5 December 2023|first=Amy |last=Westervelt |author2=Matthew Green|url=https://theintercept.com/2023/12/05/fossil-fuel-industry-media-company-advertising/|title=Leading News Outlets Are Doing the Fossil Fuel Industry's Greenwashing|website=The Intercept|access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref> Journalists who cover [[climate change]] for ''FT'' are concerned that [[conflicts of interest]] with the companies and industries that [[Causes of climate change|caused climate change]] and [[climate change denial|obstructed action]] will reduce the credibility of their reporting on climate change and cause readers to downplay the [[climate crisis]].<ref name=intercept20231205 />

==Audience==
According to the Global Capital Markets Survey, which measures readership habits among most senior financial decision makers in the world's largest financial institutions, the ''Financial Times'' is considered the most important business read, reaching 36% of the sample population, 11% more than ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' (''WSJ''), its main rival. ''[[The Economist]]'', which was once 50% owned by ''FT'', reaches 32%. ''FT''{{'s}} ''[[The Banker]]'' also proved vital reading, reaching 24%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcmsurvey.com/Media.html |title=Global Capital Markets Survey 2011 |publisher=Gcmsurvey.com |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015044909/http://www.gcmsurvey.com/Media.html |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> In addition, in 2010 the ''FT'' was regarded as the most credible publication in reporting financial and economic issues among the Worldwide Professional Investment Community audience. ''The Economist'' was rated the third-most-credible title by most influential professional investors, while the ''WSJ'' was second.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fttoolkit.co.uk/admediakit/pdfs/PIC_2010_May.ppt |title=Worldwide Professional Investment Community Study 2010. |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524155213/http://fttoolkit.co.uk/admediakit/pdfs/PIC_2010_May.ppt |archive-date=24 May 2012 }}</ref>

In 2022, the ''FT'' launched FT Edit, a low-price app aimed at attracting a younger audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Bron |date=26 May 2023 |title=Podcast 48: How the FT found a new paying audience with FT Edit |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/podcast-future-of-media-explained/ft-edit-revisited/ |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Press Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Content==
The ''FT'' is split into two sections. The first section covers domestic and international news, editorial commentary on politics and economics from ''FT'' journalists such as [[Martin Wolf]], [[Gillian Tett]] and [[Edward Luce]], and opinion pieces from globally renowned leaders, policymakers, academics and commentators.

The second section consists of financial data and news about companies and markets. Despite being generally regarded as primarily a financial newspaper, it does also contain TV listings, weather and other more informal articles. In 2021 and 2022, the outlet began focusing more on the cryptocurrency industry, launching a Digital Assets Dashboard, publishing multi-asset crypto indexes, starting a Cryptofinance newsletter dedicated to digital assets, and recruiting more journalists to cover the sector.<ref>{{cite web |last=Silvera |first=Ian |title=Inside the FT's crypto plans |url=https://www.news-future.com/p/inside-the-fts-crypto-plans |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=www.news-future.com |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313111109/https://www.news-future.com/p/inside-the-fts-crypto-plans |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Granger">{{cite news |last=Granger |first=Jacob |date=28 July 2022 |title=The FT launches cryptofinance section and newsletter following reader demand |work=Journalism.co.uk |url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/the-ft-launches-cryptofinance-section-and-newsletter-following-reader-demand/s2/a950829/ |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819201036/https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/the-ft-launches-cryptofinance-section-and-newsletter-following-reader-demand/s2/a950829/ |url-status=live }}</ref> About 110 of its 475 journalists are outside the United Kingdom.

===The ''Lex'' column===
The ''Lex'' column is a daily feature on the back page of the first section. It features analyses and opinions covering global economics and finance. The ''FT'' calls ''Lex'' its agenda-setting column. The column first appeared on Monday, 1 October 1945. The name may originally have stood for ''Lex Mercatoria'', a Latin expression meaning literally "merchant law". It was conceived by [[Hargreaves Parkinson]] for the ''Financial News'' in the 1930s, and moved to the ''Financial Times'' when the two merged.

''Lex'' boasts some distinguished alumni who have gone on to make careers in business and government—including [[Nigel Lawson]] (former Conservative [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]), [[Richard Lambert]] ([[Confederation of British Industry|CBI]] director and former member of the [[Bank of England]]'s monetary policy committee), Martin Taylor (former chief executive of [[Barclays]]), John Makinson (chairman and chief executive of [[Penguin Random House|Penguin]]), John Gardiner (former chairman of [[Tesco]]), [[David Freud]] (former [[UBS]] banker and Labour adviser, now a Conservative peer), John Kingman (former head of [[UKFI]] and a banker at [[Rothschild & Co|Rothschild's]]), George Graham ([[Royal Bank of Scotland|RBS]] banker), [[Andrew Balls]] (head of European portfolio management at [[PIMCO]]) and [[Jo Johnson]] (former Conservative Member of Parliament [[Orpington (UK Parliament constituency)|for Orpington]]).<ref name="about_lex">{{cite web|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070903221825/http://www.ft.com/lex/about | archive-date = 3 September 2007 |url = http://www.ft.com/lex/about|title = About Lex|access-date =4 September 2007|work=Financial Times}}</ref>

==''FT Weekend''==
The ''FT'' publishes a Saturday edition of the newspaper titled the ''Financial Times Weekend''. It consists of international economic and political news, ''Companies & Markets'', ''Life & Arts'', ''House & Home'' and ''[[FT Magazine]]''.

===''HTSI''===
''HTSI'' (originally ''How to Spend It'') is a weekly magazine published with ''FT Weekend''. Founded and launched by Julia Carrick<ref>{{cite web|title=Julia Carrick|url=http://www.ftconferences.com/luxury2011/Page/Julia-Carrick/|work=FT Conferences|access-date=5 September 2011|archive-date=27 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027044506/http://www.ftconferences.com/luxury2011/Page/Julia-Carrick/}}</ref> with Lucia van der Post as founding editor,<ref name="HTSI.com-launch"/> its articles concern [[luxury good]]s such as [[yacht]]s, [[mansion]]s, [[apartment]]s, [[horlogerie]], [[haute couture]] and [[automobiles]], as well as fashion and columns by individuals in the arts, gardening, food, and hotel and travel industries. ''How to Spend It'' started in 1967 as a one-page consumer goods feature in the newspaper, which was edited by Sheila Black, the ''FT''{{'s}} first female journalist, a former actor.<ref name="HTSI-guardian">{{cite news|last=Beckett|first=Andy|title=How to Spend It: the shopping list for the 1%|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jul/19/how-to-spend-it-the-shopping-list-for-the-1-percent|access-date=3 September 2018|newspaper=The Guardian|date=19 July 2018|location=London|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215252/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jul/19/how-to-spend-it-the-shopping-list-for-the-1-percent|url-status=live}}</ref> To celebrate its 15th anniversary, ''FT'' launched the online version of this publication on 3 October 2009.<ref name="HTSI.com-launch">{{cite news|last=Allen|first=Katie|title=How To Spend It goes online – FT lures advertisers into uncharted waters|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/oct/02/ft-how-to-spend-it-online-launch|access-date=5 September 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 October 2009|location=London|archive-date=21 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221044222/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/oct/02/ft-how-to-spend-it-online-launch|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some media commentators were taken aback by the online launch of a website supporting [[conspicuous consumption]] during the financial [[austerity]] of the [[Great Recession|late-2000s recession]].<ref name="HTSI.com-launch"/> The magazine has been derided in rival publishers' blogs, as "repellent" in the ''Telegraph''<ref>{{cite news|last=Oborne|first=Peter|title=The moral decay of our society is as bad at the top as the bottom|url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/peteroborne/100100708/the-moral-decay-of-our-society-is-as-bad-at-the-top-as-the-bottom/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812192831/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/peteroborne/100100708/the-moral-decay-of-our-society-is-as-bad-at-the-top-as-the-bottom/|archive-date=12 August 2011|access-date=5 September 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=11 August 2011|author-link=Peter Oborne|location=London}}</ref> and "a latter-day ''[[Absolutely Fabulous|Ab Fab]]'' manual" in ''The Guardian''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Flynn|first=Paul|title=Why Absolutely Fabulous now looks absolutely prescient|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/29/absolutely-fabulous-prescient-ab-fab|access-date=5 September 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=29 August 2011|location=London|archive-date=9 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909104318/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/29/absolutely-fabulous-prescient-ab-fab|url-status=live}}</ref> A 'well-thumbed' copy of the supplement was found when rebel forces broke into [[Colonel Gaddafi]]'s Tripoli compound during the [[Libyan civil war (2011)|2011 Libyan Civil War]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Portia|title=Under the broken city, families explore Gaddafi's warren|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/under-the-broken-city-families-explore-gaddafis-warren-2345260.html|access-date=15 October 2012|newspaper=The Independent|date=11 August 2011|location=London|archive-date=1 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001002728/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/under-the-broken-city-families-explore-gaddafis-warren-2345260.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2021, an Arabic version of ''HTSI'' was launched by [[Othman Al Omeir]], founder of ''[[Elaph]]'' online newspaper.<ref name=ft16621>{{cite news|title=Elaph launches How To Spend It Arabic, in association with Financial Times|url=https://aboutus.ft.com/press_release/elaph-launches-how-to-spend-it-arabic-in-association|access-date=6 November 2021|newspaper=Financial Times|date=16 June 2021|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106180927/https://aboutus.ft.com/press_release/elaph-launches-how-to-spend-it-arabic-in-association|url-status=live}}</ref> ''HTSI Arabic'' is published in London.<ref name=ft16621/>

The name of the magazine was changed in 2022 from ''How to Spend It'' to ''HTSI''.

==Editorial stance==
[[File:Vladimir Putin with The Financial Times (2019-06-27) 07.jpg|thumb|Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in controversial interview by [[Lionel Barber]] and Henry Foy of the ''Financial Times'' in 2019]]

The ''FT'' advocates [[free market]]s, and is in favour of [[globalisation]]. During the 1980s, it supported [[Margaret Thatcher]] and [[Ronald Reagan]]'s [[Monetarism|monetarist]] policies.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021|reason=Previous source was an opinion piece}} It has supported the UK [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the past, including at the [[1992 United Kingdom general election|general election in 1992]] when [[Neil Kinnock]] was Labour leader. The ''FT''{{'s}} editorials tend to be [[Pro-Europeanism|pro-European]].<ref name="125years">{{cite news |title=FT at 125: The world in focus |first=Lionel |last=Barber |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6fce6e6e-711c-11e2-9d5c-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/6fce6e6e-711c-11e2-9d5c-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|newspaper=Financial Times |date= 12 February 2013|access-date=12 February 2013}}</ref> The ''FT'' was firmly opposed to the [[Iraq War]].<ref name="125years"/> Due to its advocacy of free markets and free trade, it is often identified as [[Centrism|centrist]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Royale |first=Oxford |date=28 March 2018 |title=Black and White and Read All Over: A Guide to British Newspapers |url=https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/a-guide-to-british-newspapers/ |access-date=16 March 2023 |website=Oxford Royale Academy |language=en-US |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317095302/https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/a-guide-to-british-newspapers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> to [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Schaeffner |first=Christina |title=Political Discourse, Media and Translation. |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Pub |isbn=978-1-4438-1793-6 |location=Newcastle upon Tyne |oclc=827209128}}</ref> in its political positions.

The modern ''FT'' is a product of a merger of two smaller newspapers in [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945]]; since that time, the paper had backed the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] fairly consistently, but Labour's tacking to the centre, combined with the Conservatives' embrace of Euroscepticism, led the ''FT'' to reverse course and back Labour from [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992]] until [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]], when the ''FT'' returned to the Conservative Party. Euroscepticism further drove a wedge between the ''FT'' and the Conservatives in [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019]], when the paper refused to make an endorsement, opposed to Labour's [[List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos|socialist economic policies]] (for wanting to "reverse, not revise, the Thatcherite revolution of the 1980s") and the Conservatives' commitment to a [[hard Brexit]].<ref>{{cite web |date=6 December 2019 |title=Britain's fateful election offers no good choices |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d4868a48-169d-11ea-9ee4-11f260415385 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/d4868a48-169d-11ea-9ee4-11f260415385 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Deacon |first1=David |title=The British General Election of 2019 |date=2021 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74254-6_10 |pages=347–385 |editor-last=Ford |editor-first=Robert |editor1-link=Robert Ford (academic)|access-date=13 January 2024 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-74254-6_10 |isbn=978-3-030-74254-6 |last2=Smith |first2=David |last3=Wring |first3=Dominic |chapter=Enduring Brands: The Press |editor2-last=Bale |editor2-first=Tim |editor3-last=Jennings |editor3-first=Will |editor4-last=Surridge |editor4-first=Paula}}</ref>

In respect of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], FT commentator [[Martin Wolf]] expressed support for Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolf |first=Martin |date=28 February 2023 |title=The west must give Ukraine what it needs |url=https://www.ft.com/content/53804bd6-7e07-45f5-b650-d5a841db2c50 |work=The Financial Times |location= |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505131719/https://www.ft.com/content/53804bd6-7e07-45f5-b650-d5a841db2c50 |url-status=live }}</ref> Two years before the invasion of Ukraine by [[Russia]], the FT offered an interview to the Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite news|last= Barber|first= Lionel|date= 7 April 2021|title= Did Vladimir Putin win Cold War 2.0?|url= https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/putin-and-the-liberal-west/|work= The New European|location= |access-date= 1 May 2013|archive-date= 28 January 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220128104256/https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/putin-and-the-liberal-west/|url-status= live}}</ref> The interview received praise, as it offered an unusual access to the Russian leader's thinking.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Laurenson|first1= Jack |last2=Kupfer |first2= Matthew |date= 1 July 2019 |title= Financial Times interview with Putin sparks backlash, debate|url=https://archive.kyivpost.com/world/financial-times-interview-with-putin-sparks-backlash-debate.html |work=Kyiv Post |location= |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> President Putin used the interview to state his opinions about the value of liberal democracy.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bennetts |first=Marc |date=28 June 2019 |title=Western liberalism is obsolete, warns Putin, ahead of May meeting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/27/putin-skripal-attack-should-not-affect-uk-russia-relations |work=The Guardian |location= |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213024354/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/27/putin-skripal-attack-should-not-affect-uk-russia-relations |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ukrainian newspaper [[Kyiv Post]] accused the FT of asking President Putin softball questions, and said the interviewers failed to hold Putin to account.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=5 July 2019 |title=Dictators are obsolete |url=https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/editorial/dictators-are-obsolete.html |work=Kyiv Post |location= |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825200406/https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/editorial/dictators-are-obsolete.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== United Kingdom politics ===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+''FT'' endorsements (1979–2024)
|[[1979 United Kingdom general election|1979]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992]]
| {{party name with colour|Labour Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997]]
| {{party name with colour|Labour Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001]]
| {{party name with colour|Labour Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005]]
| {{party name with colour|Labour Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017]]
| {{party name with colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}
|-
|[[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019]]
|
|No endorsement
|-
|[[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024]]
| {{party name with colour|Labour Party (UK)}}
|}

In the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]], the ''FT'' was receptive to the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]]' positions on civil liberties and political reform, and praised the then [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] leader [[Gordon Brown]] for his response to the [[2008 financial crisis]], but on balance it backed the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]], while questioning their tendency to [[Euroscepticism]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/uk/financial-times-backs-conservatives-idUSTRE64304Z/ |title=Financial Times backs Conservatives |work=[[Reuters]] | location=London |date=4 May 2010 |archive-date=3 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103134750/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE64304Z20100504 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]], the ''FT'' called for the continuation of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition that had governed for the previous five years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 April 2015 |title=General election: The compelling case for continuity in Britain |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e61ce174-ea94-11e4-96ec-00144feab7de |access-date=13 January 2024 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> In the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]], an ''FT'' editorial reluctantly backed Conservative [[Theresa May]] over Labour [[Jeremy Corbyn]], while warning about her stance on immigration and the Eurosceptic elements in her party.<ref>{{cite news|title=Election 2017: The safer bet of a Conservative vote|url=https://www.ft.com/content/67949e4a-45e2-11e7-8d27-59b4dd6296b8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/67949e4a-45e2-11e7-8d27-59b4dd6296b8 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|website=Financial Times |date=31 May 2017 |access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref> The ''FT'' declared [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]] a "fateful election" that "offers no good choices".<ref>{{cite news |date=5 December 2019 |title=Britain's fateful election offers no good choices |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d4868a48-169d-11ea-9ee4-11f260415385 |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301134641/https://www.ft.com/content/d4868a48-169d-11ea-9ee4-11f260415385 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]], the ''FT'' endorsed the Labour Party again, expressing the need for a "fresh start", while cautioning "Labour's interventionist instincts and fervour for regulation".<ref>{{Cite news |last=board |first=The editorial |date=30 June 2024 |title=Britain needs a fresh start |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2290c1f7-a4cb-4fe1-9b69-b0c8ca17f070 |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>

===United States politics===
In the [[2008 United States presidential election]], the ''Financial Times'' endorsed [[Barack Obama]]. While it raised concerns over hints of [[protectionism]], it praised his ability to "engage the country's attention", his calls for a bipartisan politics, and his plans for "[[Healthcare reform in the United States|comprehensive health-care reform]]".<ref>{{cite news|title=Obama is the better choice|url=https://www.ft.com/content/1d0b127c-a380-11dd-942c-000077b07658 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1d0b127c-a380-11dd-942c-000077b07658.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=Financial Times|access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref> The ''FT'' favoured Obama again in the [[2012 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f11742fa-2501-11e2-8924-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f11742fa-2501-11e2-8924-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Obama the wiser bet for crisis-hit US|work=Financial Times|date=5 November 2012|access-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> The ''FT'' endorsed Democratic candidates [[Hillary Clinton]] in the run-up to the [[2016 United States presidential election]], [[Joe Biden]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election]], and [[Kamala Harris]] in the [[2024 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=FT endorsement: For all her weaknesses, Clinton is the best hope |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f61b93c8-9f5a-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2?tagToFollow=TnN0ZWluX1BOX0FGVE1fUE5fMzgwODQ2-UE4= |website=Financial Times |date=31 October 2016 |access-date=18 January 2019 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125549/https://www.ft.com/content/f61b93c8-9f5a-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2?tagToFollow=TnN0ZWluX1BOX0FGVE1fUE5fMzgwODQ2-UE4= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 November 2020|title=A historic US vote provides few certainties|url=https://www.ft.com/content/76c3db04-75e7-462d-82e0-94473e6a354d |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/76c3db04-75e7-462d-82e0-94473e6a354d |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|access-date=2 March 2021|website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=board |first=The editorial |date=1 November 2024 |title=America's fateful choice between Trump and Harris |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3db1db35-f536-4efc-b463-a1fc98a785b0?accessToken=zwAGJd9TnSBIkc89sds19TZO_NO0Y6H8mKeFsA.MEYCIQC0EEXu7TcBDz5__5zP6fv9FbbcnwuZPE6JzoUL-WsNTAIhAJzSJKBfj2ywhBMCh4kyMlBr6c5A4BSinfhW0TQXraD6&sharetype=gift&token=66e83c17-c218-4800-8698-5d3a2df00274 |access-date=1 November 2024 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>

==Ownership and related publications==
[[File:Otemachi_Conference_Center.jpg|thumb|The ''FT'' has been owned by [[Nikkei, Inc.|Nikkei]] since 2015; the Japanese holding company purchased the paper for [[Pound sterling|£]]844m ([[US$]]1.32 billion).]]

On 23 July 2015, [[Nikkei, Inc.]] agreed to buy the Financial Times Group, a division of [[Pearson plc]] since 1957, for £844m (US$1.32 billion)<ref name="BBC20150723">{{cite web |title=Financial Times sold to Nikkei by Pearson for £844m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-33636321 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=23 July 2015 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924170403/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-33636321 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guardian20150724">{{cite web |last1=Plunkett |first1=John |last2=Martinson |first2=Jane |title=Financial Times sold to Japanese media group Nikkei for £844m |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jul/23/financial-times-sale-pearson |website=The Guardian |date=24 July 2015 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812114546/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jul/23/financial-times-sale-pearson |url-status=live }}</ref> and the acquisition was completed on 30 November 2015.<ref name="Nikkei20151130">{{cite web |title=Nikkei completes acquisition of Financial Times |url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Nikkei-completes-acquisition-of-Financial-Times |work=The Nikkei |date=30 November 2015 |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-date=3 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803141656/http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Nikkei-completes-acquisition-of-Financial-Times |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the transaction agreement, Pearson retained the publishing rights to FT Press and licensed the trademark from Nikkei.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pearson FT Press {{!}} InformIT |url=https://www.informit.com/promotions/pearson-ft-press-141135 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=InformIT |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120635/http://www.ftpress.com/authors/author_bio.aspx?ISBN=9780130353337 |url-status=live }}</ref> Until August 2015 the FT group had a 50% shareholding in ''[[The Economist]]'', which was sold to the [[Agnelli family]] for £469 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pearson sells Economist Group stake |date=12 August 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-33878566 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814024652/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-33878566 |url-status=live }}</ref> Related publications include the ''Financial Times'', FT.com, FT Search Inc., the publishing imprint FT Press and numerous joint ventures. In November 2013 it agreed to sell [[Mergermarket]], an online intelligence reporting business, to the London private equity investor BC Partners.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/396ca876-58e9-11e3-a7cb-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210221227/https://www.ft.com/content/396ca876-58e9-11e3-a7cb-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Pearson agrees to sell Mergermarket unit to BC Partners |work=Financial Times |date=29 November 2013 |access-date=16 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the FT Group has a unit called FT Specialist, which is a provider of specialist information on retail, personal and institutional finance segments. It publishes ''[[The Banker]]'', ''[[Money Management]]'' and ''FT Adviser'' (a publication targeted to the financial intermediary market),<ref name="aboutusftadviser">{{cite web|url=https://www.ftadviser.com/about-us/|title=About Us|work=FT Adviser|access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref> ''fDi Intelligence'' and ''Professional Wealth Management'' (PWM).<ref name="aboutus">{{cite web|url=http://aboutus.ft.com/corporate-information/ft-company|title=About Us|work=Financial Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303050225/http://aboutus.ft.com/corporate-information/ft-company/|archive-date=3 March 2011|access-date=28 February 2011}}</ref> In 2023, FT Specialist acquired a majority stake in medical publisher [[Endpoints News]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/endpoints-news-ma-financial-times/corrected-financial-times-acquires-majority-stake-in-medical-publication-endpoints-news-idINL4N3662SJ |title=CORRECTED-Financial Times acquires majority stake in medical publication Endpoints News |date=3 April 2023 |website=Reuters |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814155803/https://www.reuters.com/article/endpoints-news-ma-financial-times/corrected-financial-times-acquires-majority-stake-in-medical-publication-endpoints-news-idINL4N3662SJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Financial Times Group announced the beta launch of newssift,<ref name="Newssift.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.newssift.com |title=Newssift.com |publisher=Newssift.com |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128002729/http://www.newssift.com/ |archive-date=28 January 2012 }}</ref> part of FT Search, in March 2009. Newssift.com is a next-generation search tool for business professionals that indexes millions of articles from thousands of global business news sources, not just the ''FT''. The Financial Times Group acquired Money Media<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.money-media.com/ |title=Money Media |access-date=6 September 2010 |archive-date=27 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827045731/http://www.money-media.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (an [[online news]] and commentary site for the industry) and Exec-Appointments<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exec-appointments.com/ |title=Exec-Appointments |publisher=Exec-Appointments |access-date=6 September 2010 |archive-date=4 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904194558/http://www.exec-appointments.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (an online recruitment specialist site for the executive jobs market). The FT Group once had a 13.85% stake in Business Standard Ltd of India, the publisher of the ''[[Business Standard]]''. It sold this stake in April 2008 and has entered into an agreement with [[Network 18]] to launch the ''Financial Times'' in India,<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120869687871229141?mod=2_1567_leftbox Pearson to start a Business Daily in Indian market]; {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018082402/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120869687871229141?mod=2_1567_leftbox |date=18 October 2017 }} ''The Wall Street Journal''</ref><ref>[http://www.paidcontent.co.uk/entry/419-ft-sells-stake-in-business-standard-in-india-to-launch-financial-daily-/ FT sells Stake in Business Standard] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807170255/http://www.paidcontent.co.uk/entry/419-ft-sells-stake-in-business-standard-in-india-to-launch-financial-daily-/ |date=7 August 2008}} Paidcontent.co.uk</ref> though it is speculated that they may find it difficult to do so, as the brand 'Financial Times' in India is owned by [[The Times Group]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/advertisingmarketing/financialtimesft/financialtimeslookstopublishindia/market/stocks/article/243638 |title=Financial Times looks to publish in India |publisher=Moneycontrol.com |access-date=6 September 2010 |archive-date=15 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115225003/http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/advertisingmarketing/financialtimesft/financialtimeslookstopublishindia/market/stocks/article/243638 |url-status=live }}</ref> the publisher of ''[[The Times of India]]'' and ''[[The Economic Times]]''. The group also publishes [[America's Intelligence Wire]], a daily general [[newswire]] service.<ref>Business and Company Resource Center, [[Gale (publisher)|Gale Cengage Learning]], 2009.</ref>

The ''Financial Times''' Financial Publishing division (formerly FT Business) provides print and online content for retail, personal and institutional finance audiences. Examples of publications and services include: ''[[Investors Chronicle]]'', a personal finance magazine and website; "FT Money", a weekly personal finance supplement in "FT Weekend"; ''FT Wealth'', a magazine for the global high-net-worth community and FTfm, a weekly review of the global fund management industry, ''[[Money Management]]'' and ''FT Adviser''. The institutional segment includes: ''[[The Banker]]'', ''[[This Is Africa]]'', ''[[FDi magazine|fDi]]'' [[FDi magazine|''Intelligence'']] and ''Professional Wealth Management'' (PWM).<ref name="aboutus2">{{cite web|url = http://aboutus.ft.com/corporate-information/ft-company|title = About Us|work = Financial Times|access-date = 28 February 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303050225/http://aboutus.ft.com/corporate-information/ft-company/|archive-date = 3 March 2011|df = dmy-all}}</ref> Money-Media, a separate arm of Financial Publishing, delivers a range of digital information services for fund management professionals around the globe, including: Ignites, Ignites Europe, Ignites Asia, FundFire and BoardIQ. Financial Publishing includes publications (''[[Pensions Expert]]'' and ''Deutsche Pensions & Investmentnachrichten'') and events (''Investment Expert'') for the European pensions industry. The group also publishes MandateWire, a financial information company that provides sales and market intelligence for investment professionals in North America, Europe and Asia.<ref name="aboutus"/>

FT Knowledge is an associated company which offers educational products and services. FT Knowledge has offered the "Introducing the City" course (which is a series of Wednesday night lectures and seminars, as well as weekend events) during each autumn and spring since 2000. FT Predict is an editorial service on forecasted economic events hosted by the ''Financial Times'' that allows users to buy and sell contracts based on future financial, political and news-driven events by spending fictional Financial Times Dollars (FT$). Based on the assumptions displayed in James Surowiecki's ''[[The Wisdom of Crowds]]'', this contest allows people to use forecasted economic events to observe future occurrences while competing for weekly and monthly prizes.

The ''Financial Times'' also ran a business-related game called "In the Pink" (a phrase meaning "in good health", also a reference to the colour of the newspaper and to the phrase "in the red" meaning to be making a loss). Each player was put in the virtual role of Chief Executive and the goal was to have the highest [[Profit (accounting)|profit]] when the game closes. The winner of the game (the player who makes the highest profit) was to receive a real monetary prize of £10,000. The game ran from 1 May to 28 June 2006.

In 2019, the ''Financial Times'' announced it was investing in ''Sifted'', a digital-only news site and newsletter covering European [[Startup company|startups]]. The ''Financial Times''' initial 25% stake was subsequently diluted to 14% due to later investments from others. This marked the start of a planned 7-year strategic relationship with Sifted.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Granger |first1=Jacob |title=Sifted launches a membership model inspired by the startups it reports on {{!}} Media news |url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/tech-news-website-sifted-launches-a-membership-inspired-by-the-startups-it-reports-on/s2/a796488/ |website=[[Journalism.co.uk]] |access-date=4 August 2023 |date=15 February 2021 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231111454/https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/tech-news-website-sifted-launches-a-membership-inspired-by-the-startups-it-reports-on/s2/a796488/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kersley |first1=Andrew |title=FT-backed site for start-ups Sifted takes £4m for 25% stake two years after launch |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/sifted-financial-times-raises-four-million/ |website=Press Gazette |access-date=4 August 2023 |date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329075730/https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/sifted-financial-times-raises-four-million/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Indices==
[[File:Indices Financial Times.jpg|thumb|225x225px|A selection of ''FT'' [[Stock market index|market indices]], 2019]]

The ''Financial Times'' collates and publishes a number of [[Stock market index|financial market indices]], which reflect the changing value of their constituent parts. The longest-running of these was the former ''Financial News Index'', started on 1 July 1935 by the ''Financial News''. The ''FT'' published a similar index; this was replaced by the ''Financial News Index'' — which was then renamed the ''Financial Times (FT) Index'' — on 1 January 1947. The index started as an index of industrial shares, and companies with dominant overseas interests were excluded, such as the [[Anglo-Iranian Oil Company]] (later [[BP]]), [[British-American Tobacco]], [[Lever Brothers]] (later [[Unilever]]) and [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]]. The oil and financial sectors were included decades later.<ref name="Littlewood">''The Stock Market'', John Littlewood.</ref>

The [[FTSE All-Share Index]], the first of the FTSE series of indices, was created in 1962, comprising the largest 594 UK companies by market capitalisation.<ref name=Littlewood/> The letters ''F-T-S-E'' represented that FTSE was a joint venture between the ''Financial Times'' ('''F-T''') and the [[London Stock Exchange]] ('''S-E'''). On 13 February 1984 the [[FTSE 100]] was introduced, representing about eighty per cent of the London Stock Exchange's value.<ref name=Littlewood/> [[FTSE Group]] was made an independent company in 1995. The first of several overseas offices was opened in New York City in 1999; Paris followed in early 2000, Hong Kong, [[Frankfurt]] and San Francisco in 2001, [[Madrid]] in 2002 and Tokyo in 2003.

Other well-known FTSE indices include the [[FTSE 350 Index]], the [[FTSE SmallCap Index]], the [[FTSE AIM UK 50 Index]] and [[FTSE AIM 100 Index]] as well as the [[FTSE AIM All-Share Index]] for stocks, and the FTSE UK Gilt Indices for government bonds.

In 2021, the ''Financial Times'' started publishing three multi-asset indexes with [[Wilshire Associates]] covering combinations of the top five cryptocurrencies.<ref name="Granger"/>

==People==
In July 2006, the ''FT'' announced a "New Newsroom" project to integrate the newspaper more closely with FT.com. At the same time it announced plans to cut the editorial staff from 525 to 475. In August 2006 it announced that all the required job cuts had been achieved through voluntary layoffs. A number of former ''FT'' journalists have gone on to high-profile jobs in journalism, politics and business. [[Robert James Thomson|Robert Thomson]], previously the paper's US managing editor, was the editor of ''[[The Times]]'' and is now the chief executive of [[News Corporation]]. [[William Lewis (journalist)|Will Lewis]], a former New York correspondent and News Editor for the ''FT'', edited ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' and ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''. [[Dominic Lawson]] went on to become editor of the ''[[Sunday Telegraph]]'' until he was dismissed in 2005. [[Andrew Adonis]], a former education correspondent, became an adviser on education to the then British Prime Minister, [[Tony Blair]], and was given a job as an education minister and a seat in the [[House of Lords]] after the 2005 election. [[Ed Balls]] became chief economic adviser to the Treasury, working closely with [[Gordon Brown]], the [[chancellor of the exchequer]] (or finance minister), before being elected a Member of Parliament in 2005, and became [[Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families]] in July 2007. [[Bernard Gray]], a former defence correspondent and Lex columnist, was chief executive of the publishing company CMP before becoming chief executive of TSL Education, publisher of the ''[[Times Educational Supplement]]''. David Jones, at one time the ''FT''{{'}}s Night Editor, then became Head of IT. He was a key figure in the newspaper's transformation from hot metal to electronic composition and then onto full-page pagination in the 1990s. He went on to become Head of Technology for the Trinity Mirror Group.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Sir Geoffrey Owen was the editor of the ''Financial Times'' from 1981 to 1990. He joined the Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) at the [[London School of Economics]] as Director of Business Policy in 1991 and was appointed Senior Fellow, Institute of Management, in 1997. He continues his work there.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/management/people/gowen.aspx |title=Directory of the Management Department at the London School of Economics |publisher=London School of Economics |date=30 June 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106223036/http://www.lse.ac.uk/management/people/gowen.aspx }}</ref> During his tenure at the ''FT'' he had to deal with rapid technological change and issues related to it, for example repetitive strain injury (RSI), which affected dozens of ''FT'' journalists, reporters and staff in the late 1980s.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

==Editors==
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
:1889: Douglas MacRae
:1890: [[W. R. Lawson]]
:1892: Sydney Murray
:1896: A. E. Murray
:1909: C. H. Palmer
:1924: D. S. T. Hunter
:1937: [[Archibald Chisholm]]
:1940: Albert George Cole
:1945: [[Hargreaves Parkinson]]
:1949: [[Gordon Newton|Sir Gordon Newton]]
:1973: [[Fredy Fisher]]
:1981: [[Geoffrey Owen]]
:1991: [[Richard Lambert]]
:2001: [[Andrew Gowers]]
:2006: [[Lionel Barber]]
:2020: [[Roula Khalaf]]
{{Div col end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Journalism|London}}
* [[Business journalism]]
* [[Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award]]
* [[Financial Times Person of the Year]]
* [[List of newspapers in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Periodical literature]]
* [[TNW (website)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Financial Times}}
* {{Official website|https://www.ft.com}}

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Sahiti (Lohana)

2026-02-14T14:22:41Z

Vikifzj: Created Some Article First Draft

{{Short description|Subcaste from Sindh, Pakistan}}

'''Sahiti''' or '''Sahta''' sometimes '''Sahitiaja''' are sub-group/caste of [[Lohana]] community,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Falzon|first=Mark-Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&dq=sahitis+lohana&pg=PA34|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000|date=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-14008-0|language=en}}</ref> Sahitis (also known as ''Sahitas'' or ''Sayta'') and, together with the [[Amils]] and [[Bhaiband]], form one of the three major groups of Lohana caste of [[Sindh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBjoAFMfjoC&dq=sahiti+sindhi&pg=PA1862 |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-100-6 |pages=1862 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hīrānandāṇī |first=Popaṭī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ZjAAAAMAAJ&q=sahiti+sindhi |title=History of Sindhi Literature: Post-independence, 1947-1978 |date=1984 |publisher=Prof. Popati R. Hiranandani |language=en}}</ref>

Sahitis are mostly in occupied in supplying dry fruit, general foodstuff and textiles.<ref name="Mark-Anthony Falzon">{{cite book|last=Falzon|first=Mark-Anthony|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|pages=34|isbn=9004140085|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA34}}</ref><ref name="Anita Raina Thapan">{{cite book|last= Raina Thapan|first= Anita|title= Sindhi Diaspora in Manila, Hong Kong, and Jakarta|year= 2002| publisher= Ateneo de Manila University Press|page=80|isbn= 9789715504065|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMHPhLZiI8cC&pg=PA80}}</ref> [[Sindhi Hindus]] are mainly divided into Amils, Bhaibands, Hyderabadi Bhaiband ([[Sindhi workies|Sindhi Varki]]), Sahitiaja, Shikarpuri, Hatvaniya, Thattai, Bhagnari etc.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lohana]]
[[Category:Sindhi tribes]]

Jyotsna Bhole

2026-02-07T23:09:45Z

Vikifzj: Creating New Data

{{Short description|Indian singer and actress (1914–2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jyotsna Keshav Bhole
| image = JyotsnaKeshavBhole1939.png
| alt = A South Asian woman with her dark hair dressed to the nape
| caption = Jyotsna Keshav Bhole, from a 1939 issue of ''The Indian Listener''
| birth_name = Durga Kelekar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|05|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Goa]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2001|08|05|1914|05|11|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
| known_for = [[Marathi theatre]] [[Hindustani classical music]]
| spouse = [[Keshav Vaman Bhole]]
| children = 4
}}

'''Jyotsna Keshav Bhole''' also known as '''Jyotsnabai Bhole''' (11 May 1914 – 5 August 2001), was a veteran [[Marathi theatre|Marathi stage artist]] and a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical singer]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Veteran Marathi singer Jyotsna Bhole passes away |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 August 2001 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-05/pune/27253950_1_jyotsna-bhole-lata-mangeshkar-award-veteran-marathi |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629134108/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-05/pune/27253950_1_jyotsna-bhole-lata-mangeshkar-award-veteran-marathi |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> Along with Padmabai Vartak, she was among the first female actresses to perform the role of a female character in Marathi theatre in the play ''Andhalyachi Shala'' in 1933.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Ajotikar |first=Rasika |year=2021 |title=Marathi Sangeet Natak and the Affirmation of Hindu Nationalist Cultural Politics in Western India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27032508 |journal=The World of Music |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=105–130 |jstor=27032508 |issn=0043-8774}}</ref>

Bhole was popularly known for the drama song ''Bola Amrut Bola'' composed by Sangeetkalanidhi [[Krishnarao Phulambrikar|Master Krishnarao Phulambrikar]]. She was awarded [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1976, given by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama.<ref>{{cite book |title=Sangeet Natak |volume=38 |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJOfAAAAMAAJ&q=jyotsna+bhole}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Jyotsna was born on 11 May 1914 as Durga Kelekar (केळेकर, not to be confused with the more prevalent name 'Kelkar') in a small village in [[Goa]]. She was one of the fourteen siblings born to Radhabai and Vaman Kelekar. From a young age, she had an inclination towards music. After completing second grade in a local school, she moved to [[Mumbai]] at the age of eight with her elder sister Girijabai, who was also a singer. Durga Kelekar, as she was then named, lived on [[Lamington Road]] and attended the municipal school there, until the fourth grade. Subsequently, she left the school as her main goal was to pursue music. Moving to Mumbai for music education proved to be a lucky break for her.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=भोळे, ज्योत्स्ना केशव |url=https://maharashtranayak.in/bhaolae-jayaotasanaa-kaesava |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=महाराष्ट्र नायक |language=en}}</ref>

Girijabai used to train under the famous singer [[Vilayat Hussain Khan]] of [[Agra gharana]]. Jyotsnabai also started training under [[Khadim Hussain Khan]] of Agra gharana. During the school days, she had already carved a named for herself after winning inter-school singing competitions in Mumbai. She also sang on the Bombay station of the [[All India Radio#History|Indian Broadcasting Corporation radio]], three or four times a month. As a result, she became quite famous as a child singer. By the age of thirteen or fourteen, she was well versed in [[Raga]] based music.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=खांडेकर |first=वंदना |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A5%AD_-_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F,_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4.pdf&page=592 |title=शिल्पकार चरित्रकोश खंड ७ – चित्रपट, संगीत |publisher=साप्ताहिक विवेक, हिंदुस्थान प्रकाशन संस्था |year=2014 |editor-last=नांदगावकर |editor-first=सुधीर वासुदेव |location=मुंबई |pages=804–806 |language=mr |trans-title=Shilpakar Charitrakosh Volume 7 - Movies, Music |type=PDF |editor-last2=कुंटे |editor-first2=चैतन्य |editor-last3=इमारते |editor-first3=माधव}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Singing ===
During the 1920s and 30s in Maharashtra, the genre of [[Bhavageete|''Bhavageet'']] began to take root, especially in the sung poetry scene of Mumbai. [[Keshav Vaman Bhole|Keshavrao Bhole]] was a pioneer of this genre, who was well known and popular among music lovers as a ''bhavgeet'' singer. He had already made a name for himself with his plays and he also wrote reviews on music under the pseudonym ''Eklavya''. As a result, his name was the talk of the town in the music industry. Jyotsnabai's brother Ramrai was a friend and admirer of Keshavrao. He requested the latter to teach ''bhavgeet'' to his sister. When Jyotsnabai heard Keshavrao sing, she was obsessed with the unique and beautiful style of this genre. It was for the first time she had realized the importance of [[emotion]] in a song. Following this encounter, she learned the nuances of this style with utmost dedication.<ref name=":0" />

Keshavrao's place in Jyotsnabai's musical life was quite important. They married in 1932, when the latter was only eighteen years old. After their marriage, her artistic talents began to flourish. Keshavrao had good relations with singers like [[Manji Khan]], [[Ramkrishnabuwa Vaze]], [[Mallikarjun Mansur]] and Master Krishnarao among many others. He had collected a number of ''[[bandish]]'' pieces from them. Meanwhile, Jyotsnabai trained and studied with many teachers, including singers from the [[Bhendibazaar gharana]], to hone her skills. The features of different ''gharanas'' created an independent and effective chemistry in her singing. Within a few months, she received the appreciation of [[B. R. Deodhar|Prof. B. R. Deodhar]] and avid listeners after singing at a concert in the latter's musical circle. In the years that followed, Jyotsnabai performed at several important music festivals across the country. Her singing captivated the audience with her strong sense of rhythm, melody, elegance and sweetness. She presented a beautiful combination of singing styles, with subtle musical awareness and emotion. Ragas such as ''[[Gorakh Kalyan]]'', ''Bhim'', ''Madhmad Sarang'', ''Shuddha Bhatiyar'', ''Shamkalyan'', ''Jaldhar-Kedar'' etc. became popular as a speciality of Jyotsnabai.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Jyotsna Bhole - Broadcast schedule.jpg|alt=A listing of broadcast program from Delhi station of AIR which includes songs from Jyotsna Bhole|thumb|Broadcast schedule for songs by Jyotsna Bhole from the Delhi station of All India Radio (AIR) on Tuesday, 16 September 1958. ''Akashvani Magazine, 14 September 1958''.]]
In addition to live concerts, Jyotsnabai’s songs were also broadcast by the Mumbai<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fG3mDwAAQBAJ&dq=jyotsna+bhole&pg=PA44 |title=THE INDIAN LISTENER: Vol. XIII. No. 17. (7th SEPTEMBER 1948) |date=7 September 1948 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |pages=44 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=Publications Division (India), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9VrrDwAAQBAJ&dq=jyotsna+bhole&pg=PT14 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXIII. No. 37. ( 14 SEPTEMBER, 1958 ) |date=14 September 1958 |publisher=Publications Division (India), New Delhi |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> stations of the [[All India Radio|All India Radio (AIR)]]. Gradually, she gained immense popularity as a ''bhavgeet'' singer among the masses. Seeing the growing demand for her songs, a national program of music was organized by AIR wherein her songs were broadcast across India on 6 April 1974 at 9:30PM.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn_7DwAAQBAJ&dq=jyotsna+bhole&pg=PA501 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXXIX, No. 10 ( 31 MARCH, 1974 ) |date=31 March 1974 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |pages=501 |language=en}}</ref> In her performances, she mostly used to sing compositions of poets and lyricists like [[Raja Badhe]], [[Anant Kanekar]] and [[Motiram Gajanan Rangnekar|M. G. Rangnekar]]. Among her well known ''bhavgeet'' songs were Badhe's three songs about ''Maher'' (Parent's home) from which ''Majhiya Mahera Ja'', composed by [[Purushottam Laxman Deshpande|P. L. Deshpande]] became widely popular. Record companies such as ''Young India''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jyotsna Bhole - Young India |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/5415598-Jyotsna-Bhole?query=young%20india |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Discogs |language=en}}</ref> and ''His Master's Voice''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jyotsna Bhole - His Master's Voice |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/5415598-Jyotsna-Bhole?query=His%20Master%27s%20Voice |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Discogs |language=en}}</ref> also released a number of recordings of her songs that reached places where she or her plays could not.

=== Theatre ===
In the year 1932, Krishna Cinetone's film ''Sant Sakhu'' was being shot with music by Keshav Bhole. Jyotsnabai played the role of ''Sakhu'' in the movie. At that time her name was Durga Bhole. However, another actress named Durga Shirodkar was also working in the movie. Due to the confusion between the two actresses, the younger Durga was renamed as ''Jyotsna'' and thus the name Jyotsna Bhole came into being.<ref name=":0" />

Within a year, Jyotsnabai got the chance to act in the play ''Andhalyachi Shala'' (School for the Blind). First show of this play took place on 1 July 1933 at Ripon Theatre (now Alfred Talkies) in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2019 |title=विविधा : ज्योत्स्ना भोळे |url=https://www.dainikprabhat.com/editorial-page-article-on-jyotsna-bhole/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Dainik Prabhat |language=en-US}}</ref> Jyotsnabai and Padmabai Vartak stood on the stage as female leads for the first time, insisting that women themselves should play the women's role in theatre. Before this, only [[Hirabai Barodekar]] and her sisters had set up a theatre troupe and worked on the stage in 1930.<ref name=":2" /> The play was not only a modern drama in that sense, but the ''bhavgeet'' based on Anant Kanekar's writings were also effective and relevant. It also used [[background music]] for the first time which was composed by Keshavrao himself.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983-e-2337 |title="Jyotsnā Bhoḷé." In The Oxford encyclopaedia of the music of India |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |others=Nikhil Ghosh, Saṅgīt Mahābhāratī. |chapter=Jyotsnā Bhoḷé |isbn=9780195650983 |location=New Delhi |oclc=729238089}}</ref>

Jyotsnabai's debut on the theatre stage was historically significant due to her combination of form, music and acting. Her ''[[Sangeet Natak|natya sangeet]]'' (acting-singing) was crisp and penetrating, with restraint. Later, when she joined Natyaniketan in 1941, she became well-established as a singer-actress. Bhole played the lead role in a total of eleven plays in the organization, of which ''Sangeet Kulvadhu'' (Musical, Family Bride) brought her immortal fame.<ref name=":1" /> The vocals for the song ''Bola Amrut Bola'' in this play have been synonymous with her name, where music by Master Krishnarao played an important role in success of this play. Other notable plays of Bhole were ''Ashirwad, Alankar, Ek Hota Mhatara, Rambha, Vidya Haran, Bhoomikanya Seeta'', and ''Radhamayi''.<ref name=":3" />

=== Writing ===
Jyotsnabai also induged in writing during her lifetime. She wrote the musical ''Aradhana'' around 1960 including the work on production, direction, poetry and music. Four years later, she published a letter-book called ''Antarichya Khuna'', which included letters written to her daughter during her trip to Britain and Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NADKARNI |first=DNYANESHWAR |title=Marathi: Consolidation of Earlier Gains |year=1967 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23329093 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=49–55 |jstor=23329093 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> In 1998, three years before her death, she released her autobiography in Marathi, titled ''Tumchi Jyotsna Bhole'' (Yours Jyotsna Bhole).<ref>{{Cite book |last=भोळे |first=ज्योत्स्ना |title=तुमची ज्योत्स्ना भोळे |publisher=अनुबंध प्रकाशन |year=1998 |location=पुणे |language=mr}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==

* 1976 - [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2016 |title=SNA: Awardees list |url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#OtherMajorTraditionsofDanceandDanceTheatre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331060603/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#OtherMajorTraditionsofDanceandDanceTheatre |archive-date=31 March 2016 |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Sangeet Natak Akademi}}</ref>
* 1980 - [[Vishnudas Bhave]] Award for contribution to Marathi theatre
* 1984 - Unopposed election as President of the 64th Natya Sammelan
* 1995 - Lata Mangeshkar Award by [[Gomantak Marathi Academy]]
* 1999 - Lata Mangeshkar Award of the Government of Maharashtra<ref>{{Cite web |title=सुप्रसिद्ध मराठी गायिका ज्योत्स्ना भोळे – Marathisrushti Articles |url=https://www.marathisrushti.com/articles/famous-marathi-singer-jyotsna-bhole/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=marathisrushti.com}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Jyotsnabai married Keshavrao in January 1932. They had four children which included three sons - Kishor (b. November 1932), Suhas (b. August 1935), Anil (b. April 1938) and a daughter - Vandana (b. 1945). Bhole managed to strike the balance between the time she invested in her work and taking care of the family, especially because a lot of times members from their extended family also lived with them. This was remarkable in itself, as pointed out by her daughter in the memoir she has written about her parents (in Marathi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=आभाळमाया : कलासक्त साहचर्य |url=https://www.loksatta.com/chaturang/abhalmaya-special-memories-jyotsna-bhole-and-keshavrao-bhole-abn-97-2046401/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

== Death and legacy ==
Jyotsnabai died on 5 August 2001 in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] at the age of 87. In 2009, a music festival by the name ''Jyotsna Bhole Swarotsav'' was organized in Pune by Srujan Foundation in memory of Bhole.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Music fest to remember Jyotsna Bhole {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/music-fest-to-remember-jyotsna-bhole/articleshow/4484134.cms |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=5 May 2009 |language=en}}</ref> It was conducted for eleven years until 2018, from the last found mention of the festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jyotsna Bhole Swarotsav |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02NoA9gyiJqaTbdNjHzwJcs1KpQJX3DiaVJE3CfQFuPWoJgyU1esrprtMxCBCQKAKCl&id=253423571888172 |access-date=10 May 2022 |via=[[Facebook]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=September 2024}} A two-day event to celebrate the birth [[Centennial|centenary]] of Jyotsnabai took place in Goa in 2013, which included musical evenings and a short film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa to host Jyotsna Bhole Birth Centenary (By: GOANEWS DESK, PANAJI) |url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=3523 |access-date=25 May 2022 |website=Goa News}}</ref> Jyotsna Bhole Sabhagruha, a theatre hall named after the singer-actress was inaugurated in Pune in 2012. It is owned and managed by the Maharashtra Cultural Centre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stage Is Set - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-stage-is-set/1068621/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Marathi theatre]]
* [[Sangeet Natak]]
* [[Hindustani classical music]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== {{Authority control}}External links ==
{{Commons category|Jyotsna Keshav Bhole}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytNtDJ9Yq38 Best songs of Jyotsna Bhole] on [[YouTube]]
* [https://www.aathavanitli-gani.com/Swar/Jyotsna_Bhole List of songs (with audio) by Jyotsna Bhole]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3284IqTeWWQ Interview] with [[DD Sahyadri]] on YouTube (in [[Marathi language|Marathi]])
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dOgiVlgXjQ Documentary] by DD Sahyadri on YouTube (in [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and Marathi)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ng7rezdPS_w Interview and performance] on DD Sahyadri on YouTube (in Konkani)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhole, Jyotsna Keshav}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi theatre]]

2002 elections in India

2026-01-27T20:15:09Z

Vikifzj: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 2001 elections in India
| previous_year = 2001
| election_date = 2002
| next_election = 2003 elections in India
| next_year = 2003
}}
{{Politics of India}}

'''Elections in the Republic of India''' in ''2002'' included elections to seven state legislative assemblies and the elections for the posts of President and vice-president.

==Results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date(s)
!State
! colspan="2" |Government before election
!Chief Minister before election
! colspan="2" |Government after election
!Chief Minister after election
!Maps
|-
| 13 February 2002
| [[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
| [[File:IN-PB.svg|50px]]
|-
|14 to 21 February 2002
|[[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Manipur]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Okram Ibobi Singh]]
|[[File:IN-MN.svg|50px]]
|-
| 14 February 2002
| [[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|Uttarakhand]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[N. D. Tiwari]]
| [[File:IN-UT.svg|50px]]
|-
|rowspan="2"| March 2002
|rowspan="2"|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Rajnath Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Mayawati]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:IN-UP.svg|50px]]
|-
|{{party color cell|Others}}
| breakaway factions of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] and other small parties.
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| 30 May 2002
|rowspan="2"|[[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election|Goa]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Manohar Parrikar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Manohar Parrikar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:IN-GA.svg|50px]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}
| {{Full party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 16 September 2002 to 8 October 2002
| rowspan="2" |[[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Farooq Abdullah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:IN-JK.svg|50px]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 12 December 2002
| [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Narendra Modi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Narendra Modi]]
|[[File:IN-GJ.svg|50px]]
|}

==Legislative Assembly elections==
===Goa===
{{Main|2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! align="center" | Rank
! align="center" | Party
! align="center" | Seats Contested
! align="center" | Seats Won
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
|1||align="left"|'''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''||39||'''17'''
|-
|2||align="left"|'''[[Indian National Congress]]'''||40||'''16'''
|-style="background:
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
|4||align="left"|'''[[United Goans Democratic Party]]'''||10||'''3'''
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
|3||align="left"|'''[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak]]'''||25||'''2'''
|-"background: #90EE90;"
|5||align="left"|'''[[Nationalist Congress Party]]'''||20||'''1'''
|-style="background:
|6||align="left"|'''[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]'''||48||'''1'''
|-
| ||align="centre"|'''Total '''|| ||'''40'''
|}

===Gujarat===
{{Main|2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Party !! Seats won
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 127
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 51
|-
| [[Janata Dal (United)]] || 2
|-
| Independents || 2
|}

===Jammu & Kashmir===
{{Main|2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] state assembly [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir state assembly election|election results]]}}
!colspan=10|[[File:India Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly 2002.svg]]
|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |Party
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |Seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |Previously
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |+/–
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |Vote %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |Vote Share
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 28
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 57
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | {{decrease}}29
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 28.24%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 7,49,825
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 20
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | {{increase}}13
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 24.24%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 6,43,751
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 16
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | -
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | {{increase}}16
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 9.28%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 2,46,480
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | {{increase}}3
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 3.83%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1,01,830
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 0
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 0.88%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 23493
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | {{decrease}}7
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 8.57%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 2,27,633
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | {{decrease}}3
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 4.50%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1,19,492
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Democratic Movement (India)|Democratic Movement]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 0.62%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 16,366
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Jammu and Kashmir Awami League]]
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 0
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 0.91%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 24,121
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Independents
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 13
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 16.50%
| style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;" | 4,38,287
|-
| style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9" |'''Total''' (turnout 43.70%)
! style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"| 87
! style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"| 87
! style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|
! style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"| -
! style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"| -
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Valid votes
| align="right" |26,55,570
| align="right" |99.90
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Invalid votes
| align="right" |584
| align="right" |0.10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
| align="right" |'''26,56,627'''
| align="right" |'''43.70 '''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Abstentions
| align="right" | 24,94,170
| align="right" | 56.30%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
| align="right" | '''60,78,570 '''
|colspan="1" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=12 |Source:[[Election Commission of India]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/|access-date=2021-09-12|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}

===Manipur===
{{Main|2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=345660|seats1=20|sc1=+9
|party2=[[Federal Party of Manipur]]|votes2=239444|seats2=13|sc2=+7
|party3=[[Manipur State Congress Party]]|votes3=163758|seats3=7|sc3=–16
|party4=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes4=126044|seats4=4|sc4=–2
|party5=[[Nationalist Congress Party]]|votes5=124583|seats5=3|sc5=–2
|party6=[[Samata Party]]|votes6=109912|seats6=3|sc6=+2
|party7=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes7=58102|seats7=5|sc7=+5
|party8=[[Democratic Revolutionary Peoples Party]]|votes8=51916|seats8=2|sc8=+2
|party9=[[Manipur National Conference]]|votes9=53146|seats9=1|sc9=New
|party10=[[Manipur Peoples Party]]|votes10=40006|seats10=2|sc10=–2
|party11=[[Janata Dal (United)]]|votes11=2070|seats11=0|sc11=–1
|party12=[[Naga National Party]]|votes12=630|seats12=0|sc12=New
|party13=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes13=340|seats13=0|sc13=0
|party14=[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]|votes14=166|seats14=0|sc14=New
|party15=[[Lok Shakti]]|votes15=45|seats15=0|sc15=New
|party16=Independents|votes16=4343|seats16=0|sc16=–1
|total_sc=0
|invalid=10294
|electorate=1472919
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3709-manipur-2002/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>
}}

===Punjab===
{{Main|2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Punjab Legislative Assembly election, 2002<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_PB.pdf |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2002 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB}} [[Election Commission of India]]</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |No. of Candidates 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||105||62||3,682,877||35.81%
|-
| {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|align="left"|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||92||41||3,196,924||31.08%
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||23||3||583,214||5.67%
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|align="left"|[[Communist Party of India]]||11||2||220,785||2.15%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||274||9||1,159,552||11.27%
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''<ref>The total includes votes and contestants of all parties, even those who failed to win any seat.</ref>||'''923'''||'''117'''||''' 10,284,686'''||
|-
|}

===Uttar Pradesh===
{{Main|2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right
!Party name
!Seats
|-
|align=left|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|143
|-
|align=left|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|98
|-
|align=left|[[Indian National Congress]]
|25
|-
|align=left|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|88
|-
|align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|2
|-
|align=left|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|2
|-
|align=left|[[Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha]]
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress]]
|2
|-
|align=left|[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]
|3
|-
|align=left|[[National Loktantrik Party]]
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|14
|-
|align=left|[[Rashtriya Parivartan Dal]]
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Rashtriya Kranti Party]]
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
|1
|-
|align=left|Independents
|16
|- class=sortbottom
|align=left|'''Total'''
|'''403'''
|- class=sortbottom
|colspan=2 align=left|Elections.in<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2002-election-results.html|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2002|website=elections.in|access-date=2017-03-14}}</ref> EIC<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf | title=Election Commission of India : Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to The Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh | website=eci.nic.in}}</ref>
|}

===Uttarakhand===
{{Main|2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! align="center" | Rank
! align="center" | Party
! align="center" | Seats Contested
! align="center" | Seats Won
! align="center" | % Votes
! align="center" | % Votes in Seats Contested
! align="center" | Leader in the House
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
|1||align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)||70||36||26.91%||26.91%||[[Narayan Datt Tiwari]]
|-
|2||align="left"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)||69||19||25.45%||25.81%||[[Matbar Singh Kandari]]
|-
|3||align="left"|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP)||68||07||10.93%||11.20%||[[Narayan Pal]]
|-
|4||align="left"|[[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]] (UKD)||62||04||5.49%||6.36%||[[Kashi Singh Airy]]
|-
|5||align="left"|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP)||26||01||1.50%||4.02%||[[Balvir Singh Negi]]
|-
|6||align="left"|[[Independent politician|Independents]]||–||03||16.30%||16.63%||N/A
|-
! !!align="centre"|Total !!–!!70!!–!!–!!
|}

== Presidential election ==
{{Main|2002 Indian presidential election}}
An election was held on 15 July 2002 to elect the [[President of India]]. On 18 July 2002, the results were declared. [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] became the [[List of Presidents of India|11th]] President by beating his nearest rival [[Lakshmi Sahgal]].<ref name=rediff>{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/%0D%0Anews/2002/jul/18prez2.htm |title=A P J Abdul Kalam elected 11th President of India |website=[[Rediff.com]] |date=July 18, 2002 |access-date=May 28, 2016 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100014/http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/18prez2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
![[States of India|States]]
!No. of MLA/MPs
!Value of each Vote
!Total (Votes)
!Total (Values)
![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] (Votes)
!A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Values)
![[Lakshmi Sahgal]] (Votes)
!Lakshmi Sahgal (Values)
!Invalid (Votes)
!Invalid (Values)
!Valid (Votes)
!Valid (Values)
|-
|[[Member of Parliament (India)|Members of Parliament]]
|776
|708
|760
|538,080
|638
|451,704
|80
|56,640
|42
|29,736
|718
|50,8344
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|294
|148
|283
|41,884
|264
|39,072
|2
|296
|17
|2,516
|266
|39,368
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|60
|8
|57
|456
|57
|456
|0
|0
|0
|0
|57
|456
|-
|[[Assam]]
|126
|116
|119
|13,804
|113
|13,108
|1
|116
|5
|580
|114
|13,224
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|243
|173
|234
|40,482
|215
|37,195
|17
|2,941
|2
|346
|232
|40,136
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|90
|129
|90
|11,610
|85
|10,965
|0
|0
|5
|645
|85
|10,965
|-
|[[Goa]]
|40
|20
|39
|780
|34
|680
|3
|60
|2
|40
|37
|740
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|182
|147
|179
|26,313
|174
|25,578
|2
|294
|3
|441
|176
|25,872
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|90
|112
|86
|9,632
|86
|9,632
|0
|0
|0
|0
|86
|9,632
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|68
|51
|64
|3,264
|62
|3,162
|1
|51
|1
|51
|63
|3,213
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|87
|72
|78
|5,616
|72
|5,184
|2
|144
|4
|288
|74
|5,328
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|81
|176
|79
|13,904
|74
|13,024
|5
|880
|0
|0
|79
|13,904
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|224
|131
|220
|28,820
|202
|26,462
|13
|1,703
|5
|655
|215
|28,165
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|140
|152
|138
|20,976
|97
|14,744
|39
|5,928
|2
|304
|136
|20,672
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|230
|131
|229
|29,999
|216
|28,296
|2
|262
|11
|1,441
|218
|28,558
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|288
|175
|280
|49,000
|264
|46,200
|9
|1,575
|7
|1,225
|273
|47,775
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|60
|18
|58
|1,044
|50
|900
|4
|72
|4
|72
|54
|972
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|60
|17
|56
|952
|53
|901
|1
|17
|2
|34
|54
|918
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|40
|8
|40
|320
|40
|320
|0
|0
|0
|0
|42
|320
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|60
|9
|60
|540
|54
|486
|0
|0
|6
|54
|54
|486
|-
|[[Orissa, India|Orissa]]
|147
|149
|146
|21,754
|130
|19,370
|12
|1,788
|4
|596
|142
|21,158
|-
|[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|117
|116
|110
|12,760
|87
|10,092
|9
|1,044
|14
|1,624
|96
|1,1136
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|200
|129
|197
|25,413
|189
|24,381
|2
|258
|6
|774
|191
|24,639
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|32
|7
|32
|224
|30
|210
|0
|0
|2
|14
|30
|210
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|234
|176
|233
|41,111
|217
|38,192
|10
|1,760
|6
|1,056
|227
|39,952
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|60
|26
|60
|1,560
|17
|442
|41
|1,066
|2
|52
|58
|1,508
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|70
|64
|69
|4,416
|63
|4,032
|3
|192
|3
|192
|66
|4,224
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|403
|208
|397
|82,576
|386
|80,288
|2
|416
|9
|1,872
|388
|80,704
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|294
|151
|292
|44,092
|90
|13,590
|197
|29,747
|5
|755
|287
|43,337
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|70
|58
|70
|4,060
|65
|3,770
|2
|116
|3
|174
|67
|3,886
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]]
|147
|127
|145
|18,415
|147
|448
|0
|0
|2
|32
|28
|448
|-
|'''TOTALS'''
|'''4,896'''
|
|'''4,785'''
|'''1,075,819'''
|'''4,152'''
|'''922,884'''
|'''459'''
|'''107,366'''
|'''174'''
|'''45,569'''
|'''4,611'''
|'''1,030,250'''
|-
|align=left colspan=13|Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022508/http://164.100.47.5/presidentelection/PRESDENT2002w.htm Election Commission of India]
|}

== Vice-Presidential election ==
{{Main|2002 Indian vice presidential election}}
An election was held on 12 August 2002 to elect the newly vacated post of [[Vice-President of India]]. [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] defeated [[Sushil Kumar Shinde]] to become [[List of Vice Presidents of India|11th]] Vice President of India.<ref name=eci>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/Vice%20Presidentail%20Election%20Background.pdf |title=BACKGROUND MATERIAL REGARDING FOURTEENTH ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT, 2012, ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA |access-date=2016-05-25 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305153944/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/Vice%20Presidentail%20Election%20Background.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Incumbent VP [[Krishan Kant]] did not contest the election and died before the election occurred.
{{election table|title=Result of the Indian vice-presidential election, 2002<ref name= eci /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020813/main4.htm |title=Shekhawat is Vice-President, 22 MPs didn’t cast vote |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=August 12, 2002 |access-date=May 25, 2016}}</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Candidate 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Electoral Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]||align="left"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]||454||59.82
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Sushil Kumar Shinde]]||align="left"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||305||40.18
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"| Total
! style="text-align:right;"|759
! style="text-align:right;"|100.00
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Valid Votes||759||99.09
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Invalid Votes||7||0.91
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Turnout||766||96.96
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Abstentions||24||3.04
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Electors||790|| style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2002 elections in India]]
[[Category:2002 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:2002 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

Matigarahat

2026-01-27T10:09:13Z

Vikifzj: Starting Info!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Matigarahat
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.722067|N|88.388553|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Drjeeling]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4710
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 734010
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 0353
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Matigara-Naxalbari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Matigara-Naxalbari]]
| website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Matigarahat''' is a village in the [[Matigara (community development block)|Matigara]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Siliguri subdivision]] of the [[Darjeeling district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=380| height=250| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|26|44|0|N|88|22|30|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the North-eastern portion of Siliguri subdivision in Darjeeling district''' CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, MC: municipal corporation, F: facilities Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden, Jn RS for Junction Railway Station New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station is in Jalpaiguri district Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|26|41|30|N|88|22|25|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1= Bara Mohansingh| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Bara Mohansingh]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|26|42|20|N|88|19|30|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2=Bairatisal | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Bairatisal]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|26|42|51|N|88|22|20|E}}| label-pos3=right|label3= Jitu | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Jitu, Siliguri]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|26|45|30|N|88|25|6|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4= Kalkut | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Kalkut, Siliguri]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|42|10|N|88|24|30|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5= Mathapari | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Mathapari]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|44|10|N|88|21|0|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6= Tari | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Tari, Siliguri]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|44|0|N|88|24|0|E}}| label-pos7=right |label7=Siliguri| numbered7=MC| mark-title7= [[Siliguri]] (M)| shape-color7=#800000
|mark-coord8={{coord|26|43|30|N|88|23|18|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8= Matigarahat| numbered8=R| mark-title8= Matigarahat (R)| shape-color8=black| label-size8=13|label-color8=black 
|mark-coord9={{coord|26|47|0|N|88|23|7|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9= Mohorgon TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Mohorgon Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|26|42|50|N|88|21|14|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= University of North Bengal| numbered10=F| mark-title10= [[University of North Bengal]] (F) |shape-color10=#967117
|mark-coord11={{coord|26|41|0|N|88|22|50|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= North Bengal Medical College| numbered11=F| mark-title11= [[North Bengal Medical College]] (F) |shape-color11=#967117
|mark-coord12={{coord|26|40|25|N|88|26|38|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= New Jalpaiguri Jn RS| numbered12=F| mark-title12= [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station]] (F) |shape-color12=#967117
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|45|10|N|88|19|10|E}}|label13= Balason River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=45| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none
|mark-coord14={{coord|26|47|0|N|88|24|40|E}}|label14= Mahananda |labela14 = River| label-color14 = #77A1CB| label-angle14=40| label-pos14=top| label-size14=10| mark-size14=0| mark-title14=none}}

===Location===
Matigarahat is located at {{coord|26.722067|N|88.388533|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows the Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district. This area is spread across the foothills of the [[Himalayas]] and is a plain land gently sloping from north to south. While the northern part is mentioned as the Terai region, the larger southern portion forms the western part of the [[Dooars]] region. While 55.11% per cent of the population resides in the rural areas, 44.89% resides in the urban areas. On the western side the [[Mechi River]] forms a long border with [[Nepal]]. On the eastern side the [[Mahananda River]] forms a short border with [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Page 13: Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Pages 15-17: Drainage| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 29 March 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Matigarahat had a total population of 4,710 of which 2,413 (51%) were males and 2,297 (49%) were females. There were 654 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Matigarahat was 2,781 (59.04% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 22 February 2020 }}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Matigara police station has jurisdiction over the [[Matigara (community development block)|Matigara]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 22 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.darjeeling.gov.in/dist-prof.html | title = District Profile - Darjeeling | publisher = District administration | accessdate = 22 February 2020 | archive-date = 17 August 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150817064946/http://darjeeling.gov.in/dist-prof.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Railways in Siliguri|collapse=y}}
There is station at Matigara on the [[Katihar-Siliguri line]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/14247/553/445| title = 55715 => 75743 Katihar-Siliguri DEMU| work=Time Table| publisher = India Railinfo |accessdate = 22 February 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Matigara Harasundar High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1959. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/schools/matigara-harasundar-h-s-r1ood3| title = Matigara Harasundar HS High School | publisher = ICBSE |accessdate = 22 February 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Darjeeling District}}

[[Category:Villages in Darjeeling district]]

{{Darjeeling-geo-stub}}

Ringing Bells Private Limited

2026-01-23T10:56:53Z

Vikifzj: New!

{{Short description|Indian company}}
{{COI|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Ringing Bells company
| logo =
| type = [[Private company limited by shares|Private]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2015|09|16|df=y}} in [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| founders = Mohit Goel ([[Managing Director]])
| area_served = [[India]]
| key_people = Mohit Goel ([[Managing director]])
Ashok Chaddha (President)
| industry = [[Telecommunications]], [[Consumer electronics]]
| products = [[Mobile phone]]s [[Smartphone]]s [[LED]]s Accessories
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| location = [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| homepage = {{URL|http://ringingbells.co.in|Ringing Bells}} (defunct)
}}

'''Ringing Bells Private Limited''' was a company based in [[Noida]] ([[India]]), registered on 16 September 2015.<ref name="dna-date">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-here-s-what-we-know-about-ringing-bells-the-company-behind-the-rs-500-smartphone-2178421 | title=Here's what we know about Ringing Bells--the company behind the Rs 251 smartphone | publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis|Daily News and Analysis (DNA)]] | date=2016-02-16 | accessdate=2016-02-18}}</ref><ref>Registration date, status, and the company CIN (U32204DL2015PTC285276) are for Indian companies obtained by running a query from the [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)]] page http://www.mca.gov.in/DCAPortalWeb/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710014658/http://www.mca.gov.in/DCAPortalWeb/ |date=10 July 2015 }}</ref> It was later described as a "[[ponzi scheme]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=Freedom 251 is a ponzi scam: BJP MP Kirit Somaiya |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/freedom-251-is-a-ponzi-scam-bjp-mp-kirit-somaiya/ |work=The Indian Express |agency=Indian Express |date=20 February 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

== Freedom 251 ==
{{main|Freedom 251}}
The [[company]] attracted attention when it announced the Freedom 251, a [[3G]]-based [[smartphone]], at a price of [[rupee|₹]] 251 which makes it the world's cheapest smartphone.
Ringing Bells MD, Mohit Goel, claimed on 16 December 2016 that the company has already delivered 70,000 phones and the remaining phones would be delivered soon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/amp/news-analysis/70000-freedom-251-smartphones-delivered-to-customers-clarifies-ringing-bells-md-mohit-goel-353301.html|title=Ringing Bells to import first 50 lakh phones: Govt. official|last=Bhargava|first=Yuthika|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-03-14|language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==
===Scam allegations===
There are suggestions that the Freedom 251 sale is a scam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/here-s-why-the-freedom-251-might-be-the-scammiest-scam-of-2016_-250897.html|title=Here's Why The Freedom 251 Might Be The Scammiest Scam Of 2016|date=18 February 2016|website=indiatimes.com}}</ref> It is alleged that the phone looks like a Chinese phone with the original brand label covered with [[correction fluid|whitener]]. The icons shown on screen shots are copied from Apple's [[iPhone]]. MP [[Kirit Somaiya]] describes the offer as a "huge scam" and has asked the government of [[Uttar Pradesh]] to investigate.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/freedom-251-is-a-ponzi-scam-bjp-mp-kirit-somaiya/ "Freedom 251 is a ponzi scam: BJP MP Kirit Somaiya", ''Indian Express'', 20 February 2016]. Accessed 22 February 2016</ref>

As a result of these concerns, the payment gateway facilitator PayUBiz decided to withhold payment to Ringing Bells until the items were dispatched. In response, Ringing Bells stated that they would accept payment by cash-on-delivery for those customers who had placed orders but had been unable to make payment through the payment gateway before the offer closed.<ref>Tech Desk, [http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/ringing-bells-freedom-251-cash-on-delivery/ "Ringing Bells Freedom 251 now has cash on delivery option"], ''Indian Express'', 26 February 2016.</ref>

Ringing Bells has also been accused of fraud and non-payment of dues by its customer services provider Cyfuture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/noida-based-bpo-cyfuture-files-police-complaint-against-ringing-bells/articleshow/51159346.cms|title=Noida-based BPO Cyfuture files police complaint against Ringing Bells|first=Danish|last=Khan|date=27 February 2016|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/tech/freedom-251-maker-ringing-bells-now-accused-of-cheating-and-fraud-by-its-customer-service-provider-1208076.html|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|website=News18|access-date=9 March 2016|archive-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315131044/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/tech/freedom-251-maker-ringing-bells-now-accused-of-cheating-and-fraud-by-its-customer-service-provider-1208076.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/freedom-251-maker-ringing-bells-accused-of-fraud/story/229627.html|title=Freedom 251-maker Ringing Bells accused of fraud by its customer service provider|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=26 February 2016 }}</ref>

===Arrest of Mohit Goel===
Goel was detained on 24 February 2017 over fraud allegations, after the owner of Ghaziabad-based Ayam Enterprises filed an FIR alleging that Ringing Bells "defrauded" it of Rs. 16 lakhs.<ref name="goelrekt">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/freedom-251-phone-ringing-bells-director-mohit-goel-detained-for-fraud/story-2IeBHycnvwkG5lYwx0XbPK.html|title=Mohit Goel, director of company that made Freedom 251 phones, detained for fraud|date=23 February 2017|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=25 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="Vatsa">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/ringing-bells-freedom-251-cheapest-phone-maker-is-class-viii-fail-4542590/|title='Cheapest phone' maker Mohit Goel is Class VIII fail: Cops|last=Vatsa|first=Aditi|date=25 February 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=25 February 2017}}</ref> Mohit Goel has been arrested on allegations of fraud. Several analysts have described the phone as a "[[ponzi scheme]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39074037|title=India police arrest 'world's cheapest smartphone' firm boss|date=2017-02-24|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-03-14|language=en-GB}}</ref> Goel was again arrested by the Delhi Police on 10 June 2018 for allegedly extorting money in lieu of settling a rape case.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/worlds-cheapest-smartphone-freedom-251-maker-ringing-bells-founder-mohit-goel-arrested-by-police/1200709/|title=World's cheapest smartphone 'Freedom 251' maker Ringing Bells founder Mohit Goel arrested by police|date=2018-06-10|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2018-06-10|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Corruption in India}}
{{Scams and confidence tricks}}

[[Category:Companies based in Noida]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2015]]
[[Category:21st-century scandals]]
[[Category:Cover-ups]]
[[Category:Pyramid and Ponzi schemes]]
[[Category:Confidence tricks]]
[[Category:Corporate scandals]]
[[Category:Criminal investigation]]
[[Category:Deception]]
[[Category:Financial scandals]]
[[Category:Scandals in India]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Korri

2026-01-23T01:17:34Z

Vikifzj: Creating New Entry

{{Short description|Korri clan}}
{{infobox caste
| caste_name = '''Korri'''
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| abbreviation =
| jati =
| gotra =
| religions = [[Hinduism]], Islam
| languages = [[Gujari language|Gujari]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu]], and [[Hindi]]
| country = India, Pakistan
| region = [[Punjab, Pakistan]], [[Azad Kashmir]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| ethnicity = [[Gurjar]] (Gujjar)
| India_migration =
| population =
| family_names =
| feudal_title =
| heraldic_title =
| lineage =
| subdivisions =
| related = }}

'''Korri'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Andrés |first1=Baquero Díaz, Carlos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33fVEAAAQBAJ&dq=Gujjar+clans+Korri&pg=RA2-PA8-IA25 |title=Human Rights in Minefields: Extractive Economies, Environmental Conflicts, and Social Justice in the Global South |last2=Asanda |first2=Benya |last3=Michael |first3=Burawoy |last4=Omaira |first4=Cárdenas Mendoza |last5=Mariana |first5=González Armijo |last6=Karl |first6=von Holdt |last7=Arpitha |first7=Kodiveri |last8=Maximiliano |first8=Mendieta Miranda |last9=Meghan |first9=L., Morris |date=2015-08-10 |publisher=Djusticia |isbn=978-958-59037-7-7 |pages=108 |language=en |quote=For instance, the Gujjar community contains the Bainsale and '''Korri''' clans, which stand in a hierarchi- cal relationship to each other.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&dq=Gujjar+clans+Korri&pg=PA1320 |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |pages=1320 |language=en}}</ref> is a clan of the [[Gurjar]] people of southern Asia.

They're irrespectively found among the Hindu and Muslim Gujjars. They principally live in the areas like [[Punjab, Pakistan]], Azad Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Gujjar+clan+Korri |title=India's Communities: Volume 6 |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |pages=1125 |language=en |quote=Gujjar have a number of clans (gotra), such as Bainsale, Bhati, Bankar, Korri, Dhame, Godhane, Khari, Nangari, Khatana Pedia, Peelwar, Tanwar, Fagna, Vidhuri, Vasatte and Lomor.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khatana |first=Ram Parshad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Kori+Gujjars |title=Tribal Migration in Himalayan Frontiers: Study of Gujjar Bakarwal Transhumance Economy |date=1992 |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-81-85326-46-7 |pages=257 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Himachal Pradesh]]

Magai Majhi

2026-01-03T14:42:22Z

Vikifzj: Starting Entry!

{{Short description|Indian kho kho player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Magai Majhi''' (born 18 August 2004)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Orisports.com |url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NTA3Nw== |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=www.orisports.com}}</ref> is an Indian kho kho player from [[Odisha]].<ref>https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/Khelo%20India%20Athletes.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515205637/https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/Khelo%20India%20Athletes.pdf |date=15 May 2025 }} Serial number 188</ref> She plays for the [[India women's national kho kho team]] as a defender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) - KKFI Official Website |url=https://khokhofederation.in/world-cup-team-matches/?id=2 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Kho Kho Federation |language=en-US}}</ref> She was part of the Indian women’s team that won the inaugural [[Kho Kho World Cup]] held at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025.

== Early life and education ==
Majhi is born into a tribal family from Kasnadara village in Chandragiri panchayat, [[Kashipur, Rayagada|Kashipur]] block, [[Rayagada district]], Odisha. She is the daughter of Damu Majhi, a farmer, and Budhwari Majhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-18 |title=National Kho Kho champion Magai Majhi felicitated |url=https://orissadiary.com/national-kho-kho-champion-magai-majhi-felicitated/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=OdishaDiary.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She trains at the Odisha Kho Kho High Performance Centre at [[Bhubaneswar]]. She is doing her graduation in arts at [[Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2025-03-11 |title=ECI invites suggestions from political parties to strengthen electoral processes |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/eci-invites-suggestions-from-political-parties-to-strengthen-electoral-processes-953003 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> She started playing kho kho in 2013.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Majhi was part of the Indian women's team that won the first [[Kho Kho World Cup]] at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-01-15 |title=Kho Kho World Cup: Indian women make history with 157-point rout of South Korea |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/kho-kho-world-cup-indian-women-make-history-with-157-point-rout-of-south-korea-1503386655.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Vivek |date=2025-01-09 |title=Waikar to lead Indian men's team in Kho Kho WC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/waikar-to-lead-indian-mens-team-in-kho-kho-wc/article69081262.ece |access-date=2025-03-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Indian team defeated [[South Korea]], [[IR Iran]] and [[Malaysia]] in the group stages, [[Bangladesh]] in quarterfinals and [[South Africa]] in semifinals. They defeated [[Nepal men's national kho kho team|Nepal]] 78-40 in the final.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Indian Women create history at Kho Kho World Cup 2025 with commanding victory over rivals Nepal to secure coveted trophy |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/indian-women-create-history-at-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-with-commanding-victory-over-rivals-nepal-to-secure-coveted-trophy/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Livemint |date=2025-01-19 |title=Indian women win first-ever Kho Kho World Cup 2025; PM Modi hails 'historic' victory {{!}} Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201155957/https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-date=1 February 2025 |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

After returning from the World Cup victory, she was taken out on a road show in Rayagada and felicitated by the local MLA Appalaswamy Kadraka. On 18 February 2025, she was also felicitated by the district collector Parul Patawari in the presence of other district officers and media.

She was part of the Odisha senior women's team that won the silver medal at the National Games held in Haldwani, [[Uttarakhand]] in January/February 2025. She also took part in the Odisha team which won the Khelo India senior women kho kho league phase 3 at [[Coimbatore]] in 2024. She was also part of the Odisha team that won the silver medal in the 36th [[National Games of India|National Games]] at [[Ahmedabad]] in October 2022. She took part in the 53rd Senior National Kho Kho Championship at [[Chhattisgarh]] in December 2019 where Odisha women won a bronze medal.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majhi, Magai}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kho kho players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]
[[Category:People from Rayagada district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Eastern Railway Divisional Stadium

2025-12-23T15:46:06Z

Vikifzj: small add layout after review and added references after review

{{short description|Multi purpose stadium in Asansol, West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Eastern Railway Divisional Stadium
| nickname = Loco Stadium
| logo_image =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Eastern Railway Divisional Stadium
| former_names =
| location = [[Asansol]], [[West Bengal]]
| coordinates =
| broke_ground = 1982
| built =
| opened = 1982
| renovated =
| expanded =
| closed =
| demolished =
| owner = [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]]
| surface =
| scoreboard =
| cost =
| architect =
| project_manager =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| general_contractor =
| main_contractors =
| capacity = 5,000
| suites =
| record_attendance =
| dimensions =
| acreage =
| volume =
| tenants =
| embedded =
| website = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58161.html ESPNcricinfo]
| public_transit =
}}
'''Eastern Railway Divisional Stadium''' or '''Loco Ground''' is a multi purpose stadium in [[Asansol]], [[West Bengal]]. The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports. The stadium has hosted a Ranji Trophy match<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/891_f.html First-class matches]</ref> in 1982 when [[Bengal cricket team]] played against [[Orissa cricket team]] but since then the stadium has hosted non-first-class matches.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/43/43078.html Bengal vs Odisha]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/891.html cricketarchive]
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57881.html ESPNcricinfo]

[[Category:Defunct cricket grounds in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Asansol]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1982]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Eastern Railway zone]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-sports-venue-stub}}
{{India-cricket-ground-stub}}

Ezhava Memorial Petition

2025-12-17T02:59:59Z

Vikifzj: Put up info

{{Short description|1896 petition in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|date=December 2025}}
{{Context|date=December 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
The '''Ezhava Memorial''' or the '''Ezhava Memorial Petition''' was a great petition signed by 13,176 [[Ezhava]]s and submitted to the [[List of Maharajas of Travancore|King of Travancore]] on 3 September 1896 under the leadership of [[Padmanabhan Palpu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=അവകാശ സമരങ്ങൾക്ക് കരുത്തേകിയ പടവാൾ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/editorial/2021/09/03/125th-anniversary-of-ezhava-memorial-submission.html |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=അവകാശ സമരങ്ങൾക്ക് കരുത്തേകിയ പടവാൾ |language=ml}}</ref>

==Background==
A petition named [[Malayali Memorial]] was already submitted to the King of Travancore under the leadership of [[G. P. Pillai|GP Pillai]] on 1 January 1891, for the natives to get a fair share in the government service. At that time [[Varna (Hinduism)|Avarnas]] like Ezhavas were not appointed in [[Travancore]] posts with a monthly salary of more than 5 rupees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=A |first=Shaji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbZEDwAAQBAJ&q=Ezhava+Memorial |title=Politicisation of Caste Relations in a Princely State |date=2017-12-17 |publisher=Zorba Books |isbn=978-93-87456-00-6 |language=en}}</ref> When those who converted to [[Christianity]] got all the benefits, Ezhavas did not get any benefits. The same was the case for school admission. Through the Ezhava Memorial, the Ezhavas demanded that they too get these without changing their religion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=അനിരുദ്ധന്‍ |first=ആര്‍ |date=2024-01-29 |title=ഡോ. പല്‍പ്പുവും ഈഴവ മെമ്മോറിയലും |url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/mediaone-shelf/analysis/dr-palppu-and-ezhava-memorial-243971 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.mediaoneonline.com |language=ml}}</ref>

GP Pillai had drawn the attention of the House of Commons and Congress meetings in England about the disadvantages of the Ezhavas, but to no avail. Having obtained an LMS degree, Dr. Palpu applied for a job under the Travancore government, but the application was rejected.<ref>{{Cite book |last=സത്യരാജ് |first=സി പി |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnI8BAAAQBAJ&q=%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%B5+%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD |title=സാമൂഹിക നവോത്ഥാനവും മാധ്യമങ്ങളും |publisher=Kerala Press Academy |language=ml}}</ref>

Not amused by the presentation of the Malayali memorial, the [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Brahmin]] group soon submitted a counter-memorial to the King, refuting all its arguments. In effect, this created an atmosphere of competition between communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=മാറ്റത്തിന്റെ വഴിയിൽ ഒപ്പം നടന്ന് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/editorial/2021/09/03/ezhava-memorial-submission-and-malayala-manorama.html |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=മാറ്റത്തിന്റെ വഴിയിൽ ഒപ്പം നടന്ന് |language=ml}}</ref> In May 1895 Dr Palpu himself submitted a petition to Diwan Shankarasubbayar in his own capacity. When the discussion with the Diwan did not yield any results, under his leadership, in September 1896, a petition signed by 13176 members of the Ezhava community was submitted to the King, which came to be known as the Ezhava Memorial.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer |first=Meera |title=Palpu: A doctor, activist who fought the plague and the caste system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/palpu-a-doctor-activist-who-fought-the-plague-and-the-caste-system-876229.html |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Travancore]]

Saputara

2025-12-17T02:31:32Z

Vikifzj:

{{more citations|date=December 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saputara
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Hill station
| image_skyline = Lake Saputara.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of Saputara Hill station
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat
| coordinates = {{coord|20|34|47|N|73|44|48|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dang District, India|Dang District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 900
| population_total = 2968
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 3,151
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 394720
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +02631
| registration_plate = GJ-30
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Saputara''' town in the [[Dang District, India|Dang district]] of [[Gujarat]], [[India]], is a [[hill station]] located in the Sahyadris or [[Western Ghats]]. It is a well-known tourist destination.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://dangs.gujarat.gov.in/tourist/saputara-hill-station|title=Saputara Hill station|website=Dangs district administration website|access-date=13 Jun 2018}}</ref>

== Notable sites ==
Near Saputara is the [[Vansda National Park]]. [[Saputara Lake]] is also nearby.

== Climate ==
The winter season begins in October and goes on till February. Though the winter temperature in Saputara can drop as low as 8 °C, overall, the weather remains quite enjoyable. The maximum temperature here during the winter is 28 °C.

== Demographics ==
As per 2011 census of India, the Saputara notified area has population of 2,968 of which 1,031 are males while 1,937 are females.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802613-saputara-gujarat.html|title=Saputara Population Census 2011|access-date=13 Jun 2018}}</ref> The literacy rate of Saputara is 87.4'''%'''. Thus Saputara has higher literacy rate compared to 75.2% of The Dangs district. The male literacy rate is 89.73% and the female literacy rate is 86.29% in Saputara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/towns/saputara-population-the-dangs-gujarat-802613|title=Saputara demographics|access-date=13 Jun 2018}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
Saputara lies on [[National Highway 953 (India)|National Highway 953]] which connects to Songadh in Gujarat and Pimpalgaon Baswant in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/159938.pdf|title=New highways notification dated 13th June, 2014|date=13 Jun 2014|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=13 Jun 2018}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:Saputara, Gujarat, India - panoramio (5).jpg|View of Saputara Hill station
file:Valley view.jpg|Valley view
file:SAPUTARA NAGESHWAR TAMPLE - panoramio.jpg|Nageshwar Temple
file:MONSOON FESTIVAL2011 - panoramio.jpg|Boats at [[Saputara Lake]]
File:A View from Sunset Point Saputara Hill Station,The Dangs,Gujarat.jpg|A View from Sunset Point Saputara Hill Station
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Kim River]]

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Commons category|Saputara}}
{{wikivoyage}}
{{Dang district, India}}

[[Category:Hill stations in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Dang district, India]]
[[Category:Hills of Gujarat]]

Federation of Resident Doctors Association

2025-12-10T13:58:27Z

Vikifzj: Put up new article

{{Short description|Indian professional association}}
{{Multiple issues|{{COI|date=March 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2016}}
}}

'''Federation of Resident Doctors Association''' ('''FORDA''') is a professional association for resident [[Physician|doctors]] in India. It was founded in January 2014 in [[Delhi]].

== History ==
After series of meeting with representatives from medical colleges of Delhi, FORDA was formed on 12 February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of FORDA|url=http://forda.org/about/history/|website=forda.org|accessdate=27 March 2016}}</ref>

Since its inception FORDA, it has raised issues pertaining to resident doctors. These include the 7½ years tenure of MBBS, security, duty hours, conducive working environment, better DDRs and other issues. FORDA has more than 30 government hospitals affiliated to it.

27 February 2015,<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/doctors-strike-ends-after-esma-is-invoked/|title=Doctors' strike ends after ESMA is invoked | The Indian Express|date=24 June 2015 |publisher=The Indian Express|accessdate=2015-12-27}}</ref> Balvinder called a token strike. On 22–23 June 2015,<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/power-road-and-water-delhi/resident-doctors-didi-not-call-off-strike-despite-Delhi-govt-asks-to-resume-work-by-11-am/articleshow/47781630.cms|title=resident doctors didi not call off strike despite Delhi govt asks to resume work by 11 am - Navbharat Times|publisher=navbharattimes.indiatimes.com|accessdate=2015-12-27}}</ref> a full [[Strike action|labor strike]] was called. Almost 20000 resident doctors<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Medical-Services-Hit-as-20000-Resident-Doctors-in-Delhi-go-on-Strike/2015/06/22/article2880787.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622181857/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Medical-Services-Hit-as-20000-Resident-Doctors-in-Delhi-go-on-Strike/2015/06/22/article2880787.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 22, 2015|title=Medical Services Hit as 20,000 Resident Doctors in Delhi go on Strike - The New Indian Express|publisher=newindianexpress.com|accessdate=2015-12-27}}</ref> joined. ESMA<ref name="indianexpress" /> was subsequently imposed on 23 June 2015. But that didn't end the strike till the authorities accepted their demands.

== Activities ==
In October 2015 FORDA complained about the unavailability of [[Swine Flu|swine flu]] vaccination for medical staff.<ref name="intoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/no-vaccine-for-delhi-doctors-tackling-swine-flu-patients-269272-2015-10-21|title=No vaccine for Delhi doctors tackling swine flu patients |work=India Today |date=22 October 2015 |access-date=2015-12-27}}</ref> FORDA opposed the recommendations made by the 7th central pay commission<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151127/jsp/nation/story_55343.jsp#.VmXWB3YrLIU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201043755/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151127/jsp/nation/story_55343.jsp#.VmXWB3YrLIU|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 1, 2015|title=Resident doctors unhappy with pay panel report|publisher=telegraphindia.com|accessdate=2015-12-27}}</ref> for doctors.

On multiple occasions, FORDA has demanded that assaults on doctors be treated as non-bailable offence and that the Centre brings in a law for the medical fraternity amid rising incident s of violence at a time when they are in the frontline of the fight against Covid-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-10 |title=Panel formed to assess law to protect doctors |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/panel-formed-assess-law-protect-doctors-safety-strike-health-ministry-5823129/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-09 |title=Make assaults on medicos non-bailable offence, doctors tell Amit Shah |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/make-assaults-on-medicos-non-bailable-offence-doctors-tell-amit-shah/story-E1XpmuUxUw1YvPcnjWr55I.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In March, 2020, FORDA urged for Health Insurance cover in case of morbidity and mortality of Doctors in line of duty, especially during the COVID-19 Pandemic.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-17 |title=COVID-19: doctors seek health insurance |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/covid-19-doctors-seek-health-insurance/article61961933.ece |access-date=2023-07-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In April 2020 FORDA wrote to Union Health Minister [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]] and Delhi Health Minister Satyendra Jain, demanding separate accommodation for the Resident Doctors of various hospitals in India, who have been advised for home quarantine after [[COVID-19 pandemic]] duty, which was fulfilled by the government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-26 |title=FORDA demands separate accommodation for resident doctors told to home-quarantine |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/state-news/delhi/forda-demands-separate-accommodation-for-resident-doctors-told-to-home-quarantine-65203 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=medicaldialogues.in |language=en}}</ref>

In May, 2020, FORDA raised the issue of non-uniform fees and bonds in [[medical education]] imposed by various State Governments. FORDA also raised the issue of non-uniform stipends of Resident Doctors and Interns in various states across the Nation and demanded implementation of "One Nation, One Stipend" as per the Central Residency Scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FORDA writes to PM requesting implementation of central residency scheme for doctors |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/forda-writes-to-pm-requesting-implementation-of-central-residency-scheme-for-doctors20200511022943/ |access-date=2023-07-31}}</ref>

In July, 2020, FORDA urged the Honourable [[Prime Minister of India]] to implement the long-pending Indian Medical Services Cadre, in line with IAS and IPS. The creation of the Indian Medical Services (IMS) cadre became more relevant during the COVID-19 Pandemic, so that doctors from various specialities can devise effective strategies for controlling the epidemic and improving the overall healthcare system in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-06 |title=Resident doctors' association urge PM to create separate Medical cadre services |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/resident-doctors-association-urge-pm-to-create-separate-medical-cadre-services-11594033738794.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, the National Working Group (NWG) submitted its report.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-22 |title=IMS creation to get a boost after NWG submits report to IMA |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/ims-creation-to-get-a-boost-after-nwg-submits-report-to-ima/articleshow/77095807.cms |access-date=2023-07-31 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In June, 2021, FORDA submitted "Suggestive Measures to Stop Violence against Doctors" to the Honourable Union Health Minister following which several meetings were convened by the Director General of Health Services (DGHS) along with various stakeholders for reviewing the suggestions for implementation in healthcare institutions. November-December 2021, FORDA protested against the multiple delays and postponement of NEET-PG Counselling 2021. While there was delay in admission of Resident Doctors in healthcare institutions of the nation, the existing batches of Resident Doctors were overworked and exhausted after dealing with two consecutive waves of COVID-19 Pandemic. The month-long protest across the nation was finally called off on 31st December, 2021, after several rounds of meeting and discussion with concerned authorities. The much delayed Counselling commenced after judgement by the Honourable [[Supreme Court of India]] in January, 2022, paving the way for expedited admission of fresh batch of Resident Doctors.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:2014 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Medical associations based in India]]

Bandra Terminus–Gorakhpur Humsafar Express

2025-11-30T03:01:24Z

Vikifzj: added a info

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 20B2AA
| name = Bandra Terminus – Gorakhpur Junction ''Humsafar Express''
| logo =
| image = Gorakhpur bandra humsafar.jpg
| image_width = 300
| caption = Bandra Terminus – Gorakhpur Junction Humsafar Express At [[Ujjain Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Humsafar Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2021|03|01|br=yes}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Bandra Terminus}} ('''BDTS''')
| stops = 20
| end = {{rws|Gorakhpur Junction}} ('''GKP''')
| distance = {{convert|1977|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 36 hrs
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs once in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 3 tier
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = [[LHB coach|LHB Humsafar]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 19091 / 19092
| speed = {{cvt|55|km/h}} Avg. Speed
| map = {{Bandra Terminus–Gorakhpur Humsafar Express}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The 19091 / 19092 '''Bandra Terminus – Gorakhpur Humsafar Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast]] train belonging to [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between [[Bandra Terminus railway station|Bandra Terminus]] and [[Gorakhpur Junction railway station|Gorakhpur Junction]].

It is currently being operated with 19091/19092 train numbers on weekly basis.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/western-railway-to-run-weekly-humsafar-express-between-bandra-terminus-and-gorakhpur/articleshow/81093506.cms| title=Western Railway to run weekly Humsafar Express between Bandra Terminus and Gorakhpur| website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-railways-ease-the-way-to-ujjain-mumbai-gets-humsafar-express-gift-21384677.html| title=Indian Railway: उज्जैन की राह आसान, मुंबई को हमसफर की सौगात| website=Jagran}}</ref>

==Coach composition ==

The trains are completely 3-tier AC sleeper trains designed by [[Indian Railways]] with features of LED screen display to show information about stations, train speed etc. and will have announcement system as well, Vending machines for tea, coffee and milk, Bio toilets in compartments as well as CCTV cameras.

== Service==

The 19091/Bandra Terminus – Gorakhpur Humsafar Express has an average speed of 53 km/h, and covers 1977 km in 37 hrs.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/16873| title=19091/Bandra Terminus – Gorakhpur Humsafar Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

The 19092/Gorakhpur – Bandra Terminus Humsafar Express has an average speed of 56 km/h, and covers 1977 km in 35 hrs.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/16872| title=19092/Gorakhpur – Bandra Terminus Humsafar Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are :

{{columns-list|# '''{{rws|Bandra Terminus}}'''
# {{rws|Borivali}}
# {{rws|Vapi}}
# {{rws|Surat}}
# {{rws|Vadodara Junction}}
# {{rws|Dahod}}
# {{rws|Ratlam Junction}}
# {{rws|Nagda Junction}}
# {{rws|Ujjain Junction}}
# {{rws|Shujalpur}}
# {{rws|Sant Hirdaram Nagar}}
# {{rws|Vidisha}}
# {{rws|Bina Junction}}
# {{rws|Saugor}}
# {{rws|Damoh}}
# {{rws|Katni Murwara}}
# {{rws|Maihar}}
# {{rws|Satna Junction}}
# {{rws|Prayagraj Chheoki Junction}}
# {{rws|Varanasi Junction}} ''(Reversal)''
# {{rws|Mau Junction}}
# {{rws|Deoria Sadar}}
# '''{{rws|Gorakhpur Junction}}'''|colwidth=15em}}

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train Number !! Station Code !! Departure Station !! Departure Time !! Departure Day !! Arrival Station !! Arrival Time !! Arrival Day
|-
| 19091 || BDTS || {{rws|Bandra Terminus}} || 05:10 AM || Mon || {{rws|Gorakhpur Junction}} || 18:10 PM || Tue
|-
| 19092 || GKP || {{rws|Gorakhpur Junction}} || 21:30 PM || Tue || {{rws|Bandra Terminus}} || 08:30 AM || Thu
|-
|}

==Rake sharing==

The train share its rake with 22923/22924 [[Bandra Terminus–Jamnagar Humsafar Express]].

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Vadodara|Vadodara Electric Loco Shed]] or [[Valsad|Valsad Electric Loco Shed]] based [[WAP 7]] locomotive from {{rws|Bandra Terminus}} to {{rws|Gorakhpur Junction}} and vice versa.

== See also ==

* [[Humsafar Express]]
* [[Bandra Terminus railway station]]
* [[Gorakhpur Junction railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Humsafar Express}}
{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Western Railway}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandra Terminus - Gorakhpur Humsafar Express}}
[[Category:Humsafar Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2021]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Kshitij R. Vyas

2025-11-28T13:14:46Z

Vikifzj: Creating New Stub

{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1944)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
'''Kshitij R. Vyas''' (born 19 July 1944) is a retired Indian judge and former Chief Justice of the [[Bombay High Court]].

==Career==
Vyas was born in 1944, at village Bhalod in [[Bharuch district|Bharuch District]] of [[Gujarat]]. In 1968, he passed [[Law]] from the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] and started practice in [[Gujarat High Court]] on Civil, Criminal and constitutional matters. He also appeared before the [[Supreme Court of India]] in various matters. Vyas worked as Law representative of ''Uchha Nyayalaya Patrika'', a law Journal of [[Government of India|Central Government]]. He became member of the Managing Committee of the Gujarat High Court Advocates' Association as well as elected as Joint Secretary, Secretary and Vice President of the High Court Advocates' Association at different times. On 22 November 1990, he was appointed a judge of Gujarat High Court. Justice Vyas was elevated to the post of the Chief Justice of [[Bombay High Court]] on 25 February 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/cjshow.php?auth=amdldGlkPTM0JnBhZ2Vubz00|title=CHIEF JUSTICE MR. KSHITIJ R. VYAS|last=|first=|date=|website=bombayhighcourt.nic.in|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/news/judicial-accountability-at-stake-story-of-ex-chief-justice-on-reliance-pay-roll/|title=Judicial Accountability At Stake? Story Of Ex-Chief Justice On Reliance Pay Roll|last=|first=|date=15 May 2015|publisher=The Logical Indian|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> After the retirement he became the Chairperson of [[Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission]] on 21 August 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mshrc.online/past-chairperson.php|title=Former Chairpersons|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vyas, Kshitij R.}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Gujarat High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:People from Bharuch district]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]

Vijayanagara Civil War (1542–1543)

2025-11-14T16:20:18Z

Vikifzj: Created Basic Entry From Scratch

{{Short description|1542–1543 conflict in the Vijayanagara Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Vijaynagara Civil War
| partof = Aliya Rama Raya's Campaigns
| image =
| image_size =
| date = 1542–1543
| place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| result = Rama Raya Victory
| territory =
| combatant1 = [[Vijaynagar Empire|Aliya Rama Raya's Faction]]
| combatant2 = [[Siege of Adavani|Salakamraju Pedda Tirumala's Faction]] '''Supported by:''' [[Bijapur Sultanate]]
| commander1 = '''[[Sadasiva Raya]]''' [[Aliya Rama Raya]] [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] [[Battle of Kalyani (1543)|Hande Hanumappa Nayaka]] [[Siege of Adavani|Venkatadri]] [[Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu]] [[Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu]] [[Vijayanagar Civil War (1542-1543)|Mesa Peddapa Nayaka]] [[Siege of Adavani|Ramaraju Tirumala]] [[Siege of Adavani|Akkaya Cina Timma Nayaka]]
| commander2 = '''[[Venkata I]]'''{{Assassinated}} [[Vijayanagar Civil War (1542-1543)|Salakamraju Pedda Tirumala]]{{KIA}} [[Vijayanagar Civil War (1542-1543)|Salakamraju Chinna Tirumala]]{{KIA}} [[Battle of Juturu|Chintagunti Raghupati]] [[Siege of Adavani|Sanjar Khan]] '''[[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]''' [[Battle of Tungabhadra River (1543)|Asad Khan]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| caption =
}}
The '''Vijayanagar Civil War (1542–1543)''' was conflict between [[Rama Raya]] and Salakamraju Tirumala, when Salakaraju Tirumala usurped the throne by assassinating [[Venkata I]] son of [[Achyuta Deva Raya]]. In response, Rama Raya proclaimed the imprisoned [[Sadasiva Raya]] as the rightful emperor and led a war to install him to power. After defeating Tirumala in several battles, Rama Raya then defeated Salakamraju Chinna Tirumala on the banks of [[Tungabhadra River]] killing him. Salakamraju Pedda Tirumala committed suicide In the palace. Rama Raya then entered [[Vijayanagara]] and installed Sadasiva Raya as emperor.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="cps"/><ref name="fps"/>

==Background==
The succession of [[Venkata I]] son of [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] entrusted to the care of his uncle, possibly Ranga, by his late father, Venkata was instead imprisoned by him, as the uncle sought to claim the throne. This usurpation attempt divided the nobility, with [[Rama Raya]] and his brothers supporting the uncle, while the Tirumala brothers advocated Venkata's rights as their sister's son. Backed by numerous nobles, the Tirumala brothers demanded Venkata's release and proposed the appointment of two ministers to govern as his regent. However, the uncle refused, fearing a complete loss of power.<ref name="tps">{{Cite book |last=GOPAL |first=M. H. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385/page/n200/mode/1up?view=theater |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |pages=180–183|publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY}}</ref><ref name="ops">{{Cite book |last=Kainikara |first=Dr Sanu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3LOEAAAQBAJ&dq=Salakam+Timma&pg=PT325 |title=From Indus to Independence - A Trek Through Indian History: Vol VII Named for Victory : The Vijayanagar Empire |date=2020-08-01 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-89620-52-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="gps">{{Cite book |last=Heras |first=H. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189282/page/n54/mode/1up?view=theater |title=South India Under The Vijayanagar Empire Vol. 1 |date=1927|pages=5–12}}</ref>

The political turmoil in [[Vijayanagara]] deepened as many nobles, disillusioned by misrule, retreated to their provinces, assuming independent authority. Concerned for her son Venkata, Queen Mother Varadamba sought the help of [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur promising great wealth in return. While Ibrahim ostensibly aimed to restore Venkata, his true intention was to seize the kingdom. Encamping near [[Vijayanagara]] his advance forced a shift in loyalties among the nobles, who placed Achyuta's brother on the throne to unite against the common enemy. [[Rama Raya]] and his lieutenant, Hande Hanumappa Nayaka, successful in repelling Ibrahim's forces, with a substantial bribe from Achyuta's brother also contributing to Bijapur's retreat.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="ops"/>

===Salakam Tirumala conspires to seize power===
While leading a campaign in [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] Rama Raya entrusted an agent with guarding the treasury and the imprisoned prince in Vijayanagar. After a successful expedition, [[Rama Raya]] faced resistance from a rebel chief near the capital. Prolonged efforts to subdue the fortress exhausted his supplies, prompting him to request funds from his agent. However, the agent, tempted by the treasury's riches, conspired with the Tirumala brothers to seize power. The agent released the imprisoned prince, Venkata, and won over the army with lavish gold, rallying discontented nobles to Venkata's cause. Hearing of these events, Rama Raya hastily made peace with his opponent and marched back to [[Vijayanagara]].<ref name="tps"/>

===Assassination of Venkata I===
After the crisis subsided, [[Rama Raya]] retreated to his estate, waiting for better opportunities. However, Tirumala, driven by ambition, resumed his ruthless quest for power. He had his nephew and sovereign [[Venkata I]] strangled, followed by the murder of Achyuta's relatives. Fearing opposition from the nobles, he summoned them to court and blinded those who arrived first. Horrified by his tyranny, the remaining nobles fled to their provinces and sought the aid of [[Rama Raya]] and [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]to overthrow Tirumala and end his oppressive rule.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="cps">{{Cite book |last=K. A. Nilakanta Sastry |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-south-india-k.-a.-nilkanta-sastry/page/278/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A History Of South India|pages=278–279 ( K. A. Nilakanta Sastry)}}</ref><ref name="gps"/><ref name="bps">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bmshri.karnatakathrough0000unse/page/557/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Karnataka Through The Ages |date=1968|pages=557–558 |publisher=The Government Of Mysore |others=Servants of Knowledge}}</ref>

==War==
===Conference at Penukonda===
[[Rama Raya]] seeking to consolidate support against Salaka Tirumala, dispatched royal summons to Hande Hanumappa Nayaka, Mesa Peddappa Nayaka, Majjahari Tulasipati and other jagirdars, commanding them to assemble with their troops. Responding to his call, the leaders, including Mesa Peddappa Nayaka, gathered at [[Penukonda]].<ref name="aps"/> Rama Raya recounted Salaka Tirumala's misdeeds and urged their cooperation, promising substantial rewards and titles for their success in defeating the enemy. Mesa Peddappa Nayaka volunteered to gather intelligence on Salaka Timma's movements, deploying spies to secure critical information. Armed with this knowledge [[Rama Raya]] alongside the chiefs and their combined forces, rebelled against Salaka Tirumala.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="vps">{{Cite book |last=Ramanayya |first=N. Venkata |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.511910/page/80/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Studies In The History Of The Third Dynasty Of Vijayanagara |date=1935|pages=81–90}}</ref>

===Rama Raya captured forts In Rayala Seema===
The three brothers [[Rama Raya]], [[Tirumala Deva Raya]] and Venkatadri rallied the nobles of the kingdom to save the realm from chaos. Since their departure from the capital, their forces swelled as they captured various forts, including Penukonda, [[Adoni]], [[Gooty]], [[Gandikota]], and [[Kurnool]].<ref name="gps"/><ref name="zps">{{Cite book |last=Ayyangar |first=S. Krishnaswami |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189280/page/n201/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Sources Of Vijayanagar History |date=1919|page=181}}</ref>

===Battle of Komali===
Rama Raya arrived with his army at Gandikota, requesting [[Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu]]'s support against Salaka Tirumala. Honoring his pledge of loyalty, Timma Nayudu sheltered [[Rama Raya]] despite pressure from Vijayanagar nobles, who arrived with large army demanding his surrender. Refusing to handover his guest, Timma Nayudu declared his resolve to fight and rallied an army with support from neighboring palegars. Leading this force alongside [[Rama Raya]] he confronted the enemy at Komali. In the ensuing battle, Timma Nayudu's forces decisively defeated the opposing troops, who fled in disarray.<ref name="aps">{{Cite book |last=K.A.Nilakanta Sastry |url=https://archive.org/details/FurtherSourcesOfVijayanagaraHistory/page/n194/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Further Sources Of Vijayanagara History |date=1946 |pages=184–187|language=English}}</ref><ref name="vps"/>

===Battles of Betamcherla and Juturu===
[[Rama Raya]]'s victorious army advanced northward into the Kandanavōlu (Kurnool) province, likely to confront enemy forces stationed in the strategic strongholds of Betamcharla and Juturu. Although the precise sequence of events remains unclear, significant battles occurred near Awuku, the capital of Rama Raja Tirumala, Rama Raya's uncle. Tirumala, credited with saving the kingdom from Salaka Timma's devastation, is believed to have commanded the army, using Awuku as a base for operations. Akkaya Cina Timma Nayaka, a cousin of the [[Gandikota]] captain, played a prominent role in the campaign, distinguishing himself in several engagements and contributing to the army's successes.<ref name="vps"/><ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="fps">{{Cite book |last=Digital Library Of India |first=Cdac Noida |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.430132/page/375/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A History Of Karnataka (1970)ac 5024 |date=1970|page=375}}</ref>

===Battle of Bedagllu===
Despite his defeat at Juturu, Salakaya retreated with his remaining forces to Bedagallu his jagir in the Adavani region. Determined to eliminate the threat, Rama Raya pursued him along the upper course of the [[Tungabhadra River]]. Salakaya forced to defend his territory gathered his troops at Bedagallu and prepared for battle. A fierce engagement ensued with both sides fighting valiantly. Ultimately Salakaya's forces were routed fleeing in disarray. Recognizing the futility of further resistance Salakaya likely withdrew to [[Vijayanagara]] to align himself with his master.<ref name="vps"/><ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="fps">{{Cite book |last=Digital Library Of India |first=Cdac Noida |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.430132/page/375/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A History Of Karnataka (1970)ac 5024 |date=1970|page=375}}</ref>

===Siege of Adavani===
Adavani, the last significant stronghold in the region still under Salakarāju Tirumala Raya's control, was entrusted to a skilled Muhammadan officer, Sanjar Khan, for its defense. However, Cina Timma Nayaka led a successful siege, defeating the Khan and his troops. With this victory, the fort fell into [[Rama Raya]]'s hands consolidating his control over the region.<ref name="vps"/><ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="fps">{{Cite book |last=Digital Library Of India |first=Cdac Noida |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.430132/page/375/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A History Of Karnataka (1970)ac 5024 |date=1970|page=375}}</ref>

===Salakam Tiruamla seeks aid from Ibrahim Adil Shah===
As Rama Raya advanced toward Vijayanagar, Tirumala, fearing betrayal by his agent, executed him and seized power. Seeking support, Tirumala appealed to [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] offering vast sums of money and even pledging the empire as a tributary. Enthralled by these terms, Ibrahim marched to [[Vijayanagar]] with his general Asad Khan where Tirumala welcomed him lavishly and celebrated his arrival for seven days.<ref name="vps"/><ref name="tps"/> [[Rama Raya]] avoided open conflict with combined army of [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] and Salakamraju Tirumala and resorted to diplomacy. Through persuasive letters, he expressed repentance and highlighted the dangers of inviting Muslim forces into their Empire including the defilement of temples and loss of sovereignty. Convinced by these arguments and Rama's pledge of loyalty, Tirumala dismissed the [[Bijapur]] forces after paying the promised subsidy of 50 lakhs of hoons and lavish gifts.<ref name="vps"/><ref name="tps"/><ref name="gps"/>

===Battle of Thungabadra River===
As sultan left the city [[Rama Raya]] broke his promise and advanced toward [[Vijayanagar]] to punish the salakam tirumala. One of the Tirumala brothers, likely the younger, marched out to confront him on the banks of Thungabadra River.<ref name="cps"/><ref name="gps"/><ref name="fps"/> However Chinna Tirumala's army deeming his cause unworthy defected to [[Rama Raya]]'s side, leading to Chinna Tirumala's capture and execution.<ref name="mps">{{Cite book |last=Raghunadha Rao |first=P. |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientmedievalh0000ragh/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh |date=1993|page=90 |publisher=New Delhi : Sterling Publishers |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-207-1495-3}}</ref><ref name="vps"/> Upon hearing of Rama's victory the queens of [[Krishna Deva Raya]] ordered the city gates opened to welcome him. The remaining Pedda Tirumala, consumed by despair,<ref name="gps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="rps">{{Cite book |last=Bh. Sivasankaranarayana |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.135802/page/n84/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers |date=1970|page=366}}</ref> inflicted havoc in his final moments blinding the royal elephants, mutilating the horses, and destroying the kingdom's priceless treasures. In a final act of desperation, he took his own life just as Rama's forces entered the palace, marking the end of his rule.<ref name="tps"/><ref name="nps">{{Cite book |last=Charles Philip Brown |url=https://archive.org/details/warsoftherajasbe034936mbp/page/n10/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Wars Of The Rajas Being The History Of Anantapuram |date=1853 |publisher=The Christian Knowledge Societys Press |pages=4–5|others=Universal Digital Library}}</ref><ref name="vps"/>

==Aftermath==
Rama Raya entered [[Vijayanagar]] in triumph, reclaiming control of the administration and restoring stability to the kingdom. With the unanimous support of all factions,<ref name="tps"/><ref name="nps"/><ref name="cps"/> [[Sadasiva Raya]] the son of Achyuta's brother Ranga, was recognized as the rightful heir and ascended the throne of [[Vijayanagar Empire]].<ref name="bps"/><ref name="rps"/><ref name="vps"/>

==See also==
* [[Rama Raya]]
* [[Bijapur Sultanate]]
* [[Vijaynagar Empire]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:16th-century conflicts]]
[[Category:16th century in India]]
[[Category:Wars involving India]]
[[Category:1500s conflicts]]

Morigaon

2025-11-10T19:41:53Z

Vikifzj: General cleanup and content improvements

{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Morigaon district}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Morigaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = as
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Saron Bil at Morigaon.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Saron Bil at Morigaon
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26|15|08|N|92|20|32|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Morigaon district|Morigaon]]
| established_title = First Settled
| established_date =
| founder = Bhim Singh
| named_for = Mori Beel
| government_type = [[Municipality Board]]
| governing_body = Morigaon Municipality Board,
Tiwa Autonomous Council (TAC), Tiwashong, Assam
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 29,164
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Morigoiyan
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 782105
| registration_plate = AS
| website = {{URL|https://morigaon.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Morigaon''' (pron: mʌrɪˈgãʊ) is a town and the district headquarters of [[Morigaon district]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]]. It also serves as the headquarters of the [[Tiwa Autonomous Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.citypincode.in/ASSAM/MARIGAON/MORIGAON_PINCODE |title=MORIGAON Pin Code, Search MORIGAON MARIGAON PinCode |access-date=8 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207195259/http://www.citypincode.in/ASSAM/MARIGAON/MORIGAON_PINCODE |archive-date=7 December 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
Morigaon, the administrative headquarters of [[Morigaon district]] in Assam, covers a geographical area of approximately 4 square kilometers.

The town is bounded by Morikolong Beel to the southwest. The surrounding geography features fertile alluvial plains, with the [[Brahmaputra River]] marking the northern boundary of the district,

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} Census India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Morigaon had a population of 29,164.Males constitute 50.7% of the population and females 49.3%. Morigaon has an average literacy rate of 89.42%, higher than the state average of 72.19%: Male literacy is 92.95%, and female literacy is 85.82%. In Morigaon, 11.13% of the population is within the age of 0–6. The [[Jalia Kaibarta|Keot (Kaibarta)]] community and the [[Tiwa (Lalung)]] community form the majority in this district.

==Politics==
Morigaon was upgraded from a Town Committee to a Municipal Board in 2008, currently comprising 11 wards. Morigaon is part of the [[Nagaon Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-06
|work = Assam
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2006-05-04
}}</ref> and Morigaon constituency in Legislative Assembly.

The town also serves as the headquarters of the Tiwa Autonomous Council, which was established to promote the interests of the Tiwa community and manage local affairs.

==Transport==
Morigaon town has a developing transport infrastructure that facilitates connectivity within the region. The town is primarily served by road transport, with several key roads connecting it to nearby areas. [[National Highway 37 (India)]] runs through the nearby Jagiroad, approximately 22 kilometers away, linking Morigaon to major cities and regions in Assam.

Additionally, the [[Guwahati–Lumding section]] operated by [[Indian Railways]]' [[Northeast Frontier Railway]], provides rail connectivity, although the nearest railway station is in Jagiroad. Local transport options include auto-rickshaws and cycle rickshaws, which help residents navigate the town and its surroundings.

==Education==
Morigaon town has a developing educational landscape, featuring several colleges and schools that cater to the local population. Notable institutions include Morigaon College, Ghanakanta Baruah College, and the College of Education, which provide higher education opportunities. Additionally, the District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) and the Industrial Training Institute (ITI) contribute to vocational training in the area.

For primary and secondary education, schools such as Javahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Radhakrishnan Central Academy, Shankardev Vidya Niketan, and St. Theresa's School play a crucial role in shaping the educational environment.

== Tourist Guide ==
Source:<ref>https://morigaon.gov.in/frontimpotentdata/tourist-guide</ref>

===Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary===
Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, situated in the flood plains of River Brahmaputra in the district of morigaon. The extent of the Protected area is 38.81 km2 lays between latitude 26012' N to 26015' N and longitude 91059' E to 92005' E Pobitora originally was a grazing reserve of erstwhile [[nagaon district]], came into limelight during the year 1961-62 for sighting of One Horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis). The area of 1584.76 ha was declared as reserve forest (RF) in 1971 vied Govt. Notification no. 4/Settlement/542/54 dt 18 November 1971. The adjacent Rajamayong Hill an area of 1191.86 ha was also a RF declared during 1957 vied Govt. notification no. AFS 427/54/11 dt. 20 September 1957. Keeping in view the importance of Rhino in the area, a Preliminary notification was issued declaring a total area of 3880.62 ha of land as Pobitara Wildlife Sanctuary comprising both the RF (2776.62 ha) and Govt. Khas land (1104 ha) between the RF vied Govt. notification FWR/19/87/39 dt 16 July 1987. Subsequently, final notification of the sanctuary was published vied Govt. notification no. FRS/19/87/153 dt 17 March 1998 and published in Assam Gazette on 13 May 1998. The Govt. Khas land that brought within the periphery of Sanctuary are Murkata I & II with 336.00 ha, Diprang with 40.00 ha, Thengbhanga with 176 ha and Kamarpur/Rajamayong Koritor Khas land with an area of 552 ha. The natural boundary of the Pobitara wildlife sanctuary is the Garanga Beel on the south and the river Brahmaputra on the North, rest of the boundary are artificial and surrounded by 27 villages. Significantly, the PA is free from human habitation.

Biodiversity

Pobitara harbors the highest density of Rhino in the world and second highest concentration of Rhino in Assam after [[Kaziranga National Park]]. The riverine composition of forest with vast grassland in 15.9 sq. km of the PA is the ideal habitat for Rhino. The transformation of this grazing reserve into an ideal Rhino habitat is remarkable. Natural forest consists of Albizzia lebek, Lagerstomia speciosa, Bombax ceiba, Dilania indica etc. The grassland consists of Sacchrum spp., Phragmatis Karka, Themmeda arundinacea, Vetivaria zizanioides etc. The perennial water bodies (Beel) are the breeding of different variety fishes and also fulfill the necessary requirement of animals such as wallowing etc. These beels attracts a sizable amount of migrant water fowls. Besides Rhino, Buffalo, Wild Boar etc. Pobitora supports two Critically Endangered, four Endangered, eight Vulnerable and three Near Threatened bird species. Marsh Babbler (Pellorneum palustre) is the Assam plains Endemic bird species recorded in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. The Rajamayong hill with an area of 11.98 sq. km. also harbours various species like Leopard, Lesser cats, barking deer etc. The forest consists of Anthocephalus cadamba (Kadam), Alstonia Scholaris (Satiana), Dellenia pentagyna (Oxi), Terminalia tomentosa (Sain), Bridelia retusa (Kuhir), Careya arborea (Kum) etc. This hill also servers as a sheltering ground during the high floods which is common in the PA.

Getting There

Pobitara Wildlife Sanctuary could be accessed from Guwahati, the capital city of the state of Assam, the district headquarter Morigaon and the industrial town Jagiroad through National Highway 37 and State Highway 3. The Sanctuary is situated about 35 km. from Guwahati via Chandrapur. The other approach road from the city 52 km. of which 32 km. is along the National Highway No.-37 and 18 km. along the state road. Road from Guwahati :- 1. From Guwahati while going to Upper Assam through the NH-37 after crossing Sonapur a small place Chamata is reached. From here turning left on the state PWD road leads to Pobitara. There is a directly public bus runs from Adabari bus station to Mayong. Otherwise, Chamata could be accessed through all buses that goes to upper Asam side. From Chamata, Public Buses run up to Kolongpar, 4 km away from the Ranga H.Q.Autoricksaw is available from Kolongpar to Range HQ. 2. There is another road from Guwahati to Mayong via Chandrapur. His road is the shortest from Guwahati and connects Guwahati with the upper Assam via Morigaon. Road from Jagiroad :- There is direct bus connection from Jagiroad, the commercial and industrial township of Morigaon district to Mayong. Jagiroad is situated 34 km from Mayong. Road from Morigaon :-Buses also runs from the HQ, Morigaon, which is 42 km away Rail :- The nearest rail head is Jagiroad which is well connected to Guwahati. Air :- The nearest airport is Gopi Nath Bordoloi international Airport, borjhar (Guwahati) and it is 75 km. away from the Range HQ. Best time to Visit : November to February

===Mayong===
Mayong, the enchanting land of occult practices is located in the west of the district Morigaon. It is only 40 km. away from the capital city of Guwahati, Assam. The place is endowed with a variety of Tourist attractions that can enable to satisfy the Tourists of diverse interests.

Nature-based and wildlife Tourism:
The main attraction of Mayong is Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary which has the world's highest density of one horned rhinoceroses.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} Apart from rhinos, it is also a home for wild boars and wild buffalos. Tourists can enjoy its beauty by elephant safari and jeep safari.

There are number of picturesque hills and hillocks in and around Mayong. Moreover, the river Brahmaputra flowing towards the west side of the village has also added to its natural beauty.

Pilgrim Tourism:
There are ample number of ancient shrines and temples in and around Mayong. The place is called the "Land of Pancha Devata", which refers to five deities who are Dinesh, Ganesh, Vishnu, Siva and Shivi (Parvati).

Some important pilgrimage sites are – Kechaikhaiti Shrine of Burha Mayong, Narashinha Ashram of Hiloikhunda, Ganesh Temple of Hatimuria, Shiv Shrine of Kachashila etc.

Archeological Tourism:
Mayong is also known for its archeological ruins and monuments. There is a big stone inscription, dating back several hundred years located at a hilly village Burha Mayong. The inscription is 3.85 Mtrs. long and it has been regarded as the longest stone – inscription found in Asia. Again, there exist one beautiful stone image of Shiv-Parvati and three of Lord Ganesha (belonging to 12th century) at Burha Mayong village, one stone image of Shiv-Parvati and one of Lord Ganesha (of about 10th century) at Chanaka village, one king sized stone image of Lord Ganesha (10th Century) at Ganesha Temple of Hatimuris village, two stone images of Shiv-Parvati (of about 9th century) at Shiv Shrine of Kachashila Hill and Many others.

Apart from these a lots of other archeological findings of the area like stone-exes, stone-bullets, whet-stones Lotus circles, Yonipeeths, Shiva Lingams and different kinds of earthen vessels and images (terracottas) are preserved at Mayong village Museum and Research Centre.

River Tourism:
As this area is located on the bank of the river Brahmaputra, it bears an ample scope for river tourism. Services of river cruises from Guwahati to Kajalimukh near Mayong or back bears enormous tourism potential.

Eco-Tourism:
Tourists can enjoy the beauty of nature in or around Mayong which is covered by hills, hillocks, river, natural water bodies etc.

Sporting Activities for Tourists:
The recent introduction of solar rickshaws and aero motors in Mayong has added new dimensions to the Tourists attractions.

Land of Tantra Mantra and Black Magic:
Mayong is a land of Tantra-Mantra and famous for its practice of Black Magic. Age old tradition of Black Magic is also a source of tourist attractions.

===Kachasila===
Kachasila Hill has a temple which dates back to the 9th century. The temple has idols of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Many beautiful idols of Lord Ganesha can also be seen in the temple. Researchers often visit the temple to study the rare statues and coriin stones. Kachasila is located near Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary

===Deosal===
It is situated by National Highway no.37 about 4 km. away from Jagiroad town, with a big ancient temple of Lord Shiva. Shiva Ratri Mela is observed every Year very colourfully. Local people believe that Deosal was the Ashram of Valmiki, where Sita Devi was left by Rama.

===Sitajakhala===
It was discovered in the last year of the fourth decade of the last Century. Several steps were made by cutting the stones from the temple to the River Killing at the Sita Jakhala Hills. The wall of the temple is full of statues of Hanuman & Sita herself. So people believe that Valmiki cut those stones as steps for Sita to go to the river from the temple when she was pregnant and leftby Rama. So the steps got the name SITA JAKHALA. This area is very rich in cattle population.

===Sivakunda===
This is a water fall in the Amsoi hills, located about 10 k.ms.from National Highway no.37 towards south. It is a picturesque spot and a large number of people gather from October to March for picnic. One can have a view of the beautiful Amsoi Tea Estates on the way.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Morigaon| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Morigaon district]]

India Business Report

2025-11-03T23:24:28Z

Vikifzj: Creating A Article

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = India Business Report.jpg
| caption = New titles used as of January 2013
| camera =
| runtime = 23 minutes
| creator = [[BBC World News]]
| developer =
| editor = Simon Atkinson
| executive_producer =
| presenter = Yogita Limaye Shilpa Kannan Sameer Hashmi
| country = India
| location = [[Mumbai]] (primarily), with shots from various locations
| language = English
| network = [[BBC World News]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2011}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2016|04|03}}
| num_episodes =
| related = ''[[World Business Report]]'' ''[[Middle East Business Report]]'' ''[[Africa Business Report]]'' ''[[Asia Business Report]]'' ''[[Business Edition]]''
}}

'''India Business Report''' is a weekly business news programme produced by the [[BBC]] and shown on [[BBC World News]], presented by Yogita Limaye. The last episode of this programme aired on 3 April 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Programme Index: India Business Report |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&q=%22india+business+report%22 |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=[[BBC|BBC Archive]]}}</ref>

== Presenters ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Role
|-
| Yogita Limaye || Main Presenter
|-
| Shilpa Kannan || rowspan="2"| Relief Presenters
|-
| Sameer Hashmi
|-
|}

===Former presenters===
* Karishma Vaswani
* Rajini Vaidyanathan (Relief Presenter)
* Nidhi Dutt
* Delnaaz Irani

== Schedule ==

{| class="wikitable"
!Day
!Time (GMT - [[London]])
!Time ([[UTC+05:30]] - [[Mumbai]])
|-
|-
| rowspan='2'|Sunday
| 05:30
| 11:00
|-
| 16:30 (except for Europe)
| 22:00 (except for Europe)
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{BBC News}}

[[Category:BBC World News original programming]]

Chief Executive Member of the Bodoland Territorial Council

2025-11-03T19:45:20Z

Vikifzj: formatting fix

{{Short description|Head of an autonomous district council in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox official post
|post = Chief Executive Member
|native_name =
|body = the [[Bodoland Territorial Region]]
|insignia = Emblem of Bodoland.png
|insigniacaption =
|incumbent = [[Hagrama Mohilary]]
|incumbentsince = 5 October 2025
|image = [[File:Hagrama Mohilary.jpg|250px]]
|style =
|residence =
|termlength =
|appointer =
|formation = 8 April 2003
|inaugural = [[Hagrama Mohilary]]
|website =
}}

This is a list of '''Chief Executive Members of the Bodoland Territorial Council''', the leader of the [[Bodoland Territorial Council]], the [[autonomous district council]] for the [[Bodoland Territorial Region]] in Assam, [[India]].

The chief executive chairs meetings of the Executive Committee of the Bodoland Territorial Council.

The Bodoland Territorial Council was established in 2003 and [[Hagrama Mohilary]] was the first Chief Executive Member, serving until 27 April 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050602/nation.htm#5 |access-date=13 March 2020 |work=Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Memorandum of Settlement on Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/documents/papers/memorandum_feb02.htm |website=www.satp.org |access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>

The council was under [[President's rule|Governor's rule]] between 27 April 2020 and 15 December 2020 following the postponement of [[2020 Bodoland Territorial Council election|elections]] scheduled for 4 April 2020 as a result of the global coronavirus pandemic.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-governor-takes-over-bodoland-territorial-council-in-absence-of-term-end-polls-1671802-2020-04-27|title=Assam: Governor takes over Bodoland Territorial Council in absence of term end polls|first=Hemanta Kumar |last=Nath|date=April 27, 2020|website=India Today|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.time8.in/governors-rule-imposed-in-assams-btc/|title= Governor's Rule Imposed In Assam's BTC|date=April 27, 2020|publisher=time8|access-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>

==List of chief executives==

{| class="wikitable"
! S. No.
! Portrait
! Name
! Term start
! Term end
|-
| 1
| [[File:Hagrama Mohilary.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hagrama Mohilary]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bodoland.in/index.php/features/whos-who/54-executive-council |title=Executive Council |access-date=2020-04-10 |archive-date=2020-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410204338/http://www.bodoland.in/index.php/features/whos-who/54-executive-council |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 8 April 2003
| 27 April 2020
|-
| -
| [[File:Emblem of India.svg|100px]]
| [[President's rule|''Governor's rule'']]
| 27 April 2020
| 15 December 2020
|-
| 2
| [[File:Pramod Bodo.jpg|100px]]
| [[Pramod Boro]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/uppl-chief-promod-boro-sworn-in-as-bodoland-council-chief-in-assam-927615.html|title=UPPL Chief Promod Boro sworn in as Bodoland Council chief in Assam|date=15 December 2020}}</ref>
| 15 December 2020
| 4 October 2025
|-
| 3
| [[File:Hagrama Mohilary.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hagrama Mohilary]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bodoland.in/index.php/features/whos-who/54-executive-council |title=Executive Council |access-date=2020-04-10 |archive-date=2020-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410204338/http://www.bodoland.in/index.php/features/whos-who/54-executive-council |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 5 October 2025
| '''Incumbent'''
|}

==Deputy Chief Executive Member==

The Chief Executive Member leads an executive committee made up of several Executive Members one of whom may be designated as Deputy Chief Executive Member.

===List of deputy chief executives===
{| class="wikitable"
! Portrait
! Name
! Term start
! Term end
|-
|
| Kampa Borgoyary<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehillstimes.in/regional/guv-rule-in-btc-is-unconstitutional-kampa-borgoyary/|title=Guv rule in BTC is unconstitutional: Kampa Borgoyary|date=2 May 2020}}</ref>
| ????
| 27 April 2020
|-
|
| ''Office not in use''
| 27 April 2020
| 15 December 2020
|-
|
| Gobinda Basumatary<ref>{{cite news |title=Bodoland Territorial Council: Five members of BJP-UPPL-GSP coalition sworn in |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/bodoland-territorial-council-five-members-of-bjp-uppl-gsp-coalition-sworn-in-927615.html |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=15 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| 15 December 2020
| 4 October 2025
|-
|
| [[Rihon Daimary]]
|5 October 2025
|'''Incumbent'''
|}

==See also==
* [[Bodoland]]
* [[Bodoland Territorial Council]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bodoland]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]

Cronyism

2025-10-17T08:42:19Z

Vikifzj: adjusted formatting per standard format and improved wording

{{short description|Government favoritism}}
{{Political corruption sidebar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}

'''Cronyism''' is awarding positions, jobs, contracts, loans, privileges, or advantages to friends or colleagues. It is used especially in politics, when referring to partiality between politicians and businesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/cronyism|title=cronyism American English definition and synonyms - Macmillan Dictionary}}</ref> A person who supports or partakes in cronyism is referred to as a ''crony'', ''cronie'', or ''cronyist''.

Cronyism occurs when appointing "cronies" to positions of authority regardless of their qualifications.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cronyism?s=t|title=the definition of cronyism|publisher=dictionary.reference.com}}</ref> This is in contrast to a ''[[meritocracy]]'', in which appointments are made based on merit. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used to imply buying and selling favors, such as votes in legislative bodies, doing favors to organizations, or giving desirable ambassadorships to exotic places.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/government_ethics/introduction/cronyism.html|title=Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism|first1=Judy|last1=Nadler|first2=Miriam|last2=Schulman|publisher=Santa Clara University|access-date=20 June 2013}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The word ''crony'' first appeared in 17th-century London, according to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''; it is believed to be derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word {{lang|grc|χρόνιος}} ({{transliteration|grc|chronios}}), meaning {{gloss|long term}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/crony?view=uk|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718210536/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/crony?view=uk|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 July 2012|title=Oxford Dictionaries - Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>

== Concept ==
{{see also | Clientelism | Nepotism | Political corruption }}
Government officials are particularly susceptible to accusations of cronyism, as they spend [[tax]]payers' money. Many democratic governments are encouraged to practice administrative [[transparency (humanities)|transparency]] in [[accounting]] and contracting, but there often is no clear delineation of when an appointment to government office is "cronyism".<ref name= ced>{{cite web| url= https://www.ced.org/cronycapitalism | website= CED.com| publisher= Committee for Economic Development | title= Crony Capitalism: Unhealthy Relations Between Business and Government| date= | accessdate=}}</ref>

In the private sector, cronyism exists in organizations, often termed "[[Old boy network|the old boys' club]]" or "the golden circle"; again, the boundary between cronyism and "networking" is difficult to delineate.<ref name="Staff 2010">{{cite web| url=https://thefreemarketeers.wordpress.com/2010/03/02/do-old-boys-clubs-make-the-market-more-efficient/|title=Do Old Boys' Clubs Make The Market More Efficient?|author=Staff|year=2010|publisher=The Free Marketeers|access-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>

Cronyism describes relationships existing among mutual acquaintances in private organizations where business, business information, and social interaction are exchanged among influential personnel. This is termed [[crony capitalism]],<ref name= ced /> and is an ethical breach of the principles of the [[market economy]]; in advanced economies, crony capitalism is a breach of market regulations.

The economic and social costs of cronyism are paid by society. Those costs are in the form of reduced business opportunity for the majority of the population, reduced competition in the marketplace, inflated consumer goods prices, decreased economic performance, inefficient business investment cycles, reduced motivation in affected organizations, and the diminution of economically productive activity.<ref name="Staff 2010"/>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[Cartel]]
*[[Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos]]
*[[Crony capitalism]]
*[[Crony-capitalism index]]
*[[In-group favoritism]]
*[[Interest group]]
*[[Nepotism]]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal | doi=10.1007/s10490-009-9137-4 |title = Networks and cronyism: A social exchange analysis|journal = Asia Pacific Journal of Management|volume = 27|issue = 2|pages = 281–297|year = 2010|last1 = Begley|first1 = Thomas M.|last2 = Khatri|first2 = Naresh|last3 = Tsang|first3 = Eric W. K.|s2cid = 143799762}}
* {{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ykSDtAEACAAJ |title = Cronies: Oil, the Bushes, and the Rise of Texas, America's Superstate|isbn = 9781586481889|last1 = Bryce|first1 = Robert|date = 2004|publisher=PublicAffairs|lccn=2003070694|author-link=Robert Bryce (writer)}}
* {{Cite journal |jstor = 3875215|title = Cronyism: A Cross-Cultural Analysis|journal = Journal of International Business Studies|volume = 37|issue = 1|pages = 61–75|last1 = Khatri|first1 = Naresh|last2 = Tsang|first2 = Eric W. K.|last3 = Begley|first3 = Thomas M.|year = 2006|doi = 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400171|s2cid = 18930227|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5223184}} [Also in T. G. Andrews and R. Mead (Eds.), Cross Cultural Management, Volume 2 -The Impact of Culture 1: 126–150. Routledge, UK.]
* {{Cite journal | doi=10.5465/ambpp.2003.13792813 | title=Cronyism: The Downside of Social Networking| journal=Academy of Management Proceedings| volume=2003| pages=C1–C6| year=2003| last1=Khatri| first1=Naresh| last2=Tsang| first2=Eric W. K.| last3=Begley| first3=Thomas M.|doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1023/A:1023081629529|year=2003|last1=Khatri|first1=Naresh|journal=Journal of Business Ethics|volume=43|issue=4|pages=289–303|last2=Tsang|first2=Eric W. K.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226026426|title=Antecedents and Consequences of Cronyism in Organizations|s2cid=142479179}}
* {{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/00220388.2020.1849622 | journal=Journal of Development Studies| volume=57| pages=1373–1396| year=2021| last1=Diwan| first1=Ishac| last2=Haidar| first2=Jamal Ibrahim|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220388.2020.1849622|title=Political Connections Reduce Job Creation: Firm-level Evidence from Lebanon| issue=8| s2cid=229717871| url-access=subscription}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hudson |first1=Sarah |last2=Claasen |first2=Cyrlene |title=Nepotism and Cronyism as a Cultural Phenomenon? |journal=The Handbook of Business and Corruption |date=2017 |pages=95–118 |doi=10.1108/978-1-78635-445-720161006|isbn=978-1-78635-446-4 }}

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary}}
* "[https://www.scu.edu/government-ethics/resources/what-is-government-ethics/favoritism-cronyism-and-nepotism/ Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism]". Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, [[Santa Clara University]].
* [http://www.current.tv/pods/supernews/PD00567 SuperNews: Hurricane Katrina] - A political flash cartoon about the cronyism surrounding [[Michael D. Brown]] and [[Hurricane Katrina]].

{{Corruption}}
{{Discrimination}}

[[Category:Corruption]]
[[Category:Political terminology of the United States]]
[[Category:Oligarchy]]
[[Category:Nepotism]]
[[Category:Public choice theory]]
[[Category:Group processes]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]

Guardian minister

2025-10-10T10:41:22Z

Vikifzj: Put up article

{{Short description|Ministry in India}}

{{Executive}}
A '''guardian minister''' is a [[cabinet minister|cabinet-level minister]] in India appointed by a state government to oversee the development of a specific district within the state. The guardian minister oversees the execution of various state government schemes and programs in the district and ensures that the district's administration is functioning efficiently. The position is typically held by a senior politician from the ruling party who acts as a liaison between the central government and the district administration, ensuring that the district receives the necessary resources and support to meet its development goals. The individual who hold this position is typically an elected [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) or [[Minister (government)|Cabinet minister]] who is designated to bring the personal attention of a minister to the development of that district.<ref name="A1">{{cite news |title=क्या आप जानते है क्या है जिले के पालकमंत्री का काम ? |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/hi/politics/know-what-are-the-duties-of-guardian-minister-of-maharashtra-45356 |publisher=Mumbai Live |date=February 13, 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

If a district does not have representation in the state cabinet, an outsider can be appointed to serve as the guardian minister for that district. A minister may serve as the guardian minister for multiple districts.<ref name="B2"/>

== Roles and responsibilities ==
Guardian minister refers to a designated [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]] (member of the legislative assembly) in a state government in India who is assigned responsibility for overseeing the development of a particular district. The role of the guardian minister is to bring personal attention and support to the district, working with the district collector and other officials to address local needs and promote growth.

The guardian minister is also the ex-officio chairperson of the [[District Planning Committee]] (DPC), which is responsible for addressing issues of common interest between [[panchayats]] (local government bodies) and municipalities, such as infrastructure development, resource sharing and environmental protection. The exact role and responsibilities of the DPC may vary by state, with some states headed by elected representatives and others led by administrative officials.

Guardian ministers are also responsible for coordinating solutions to various issues, including garbage disposal and facilitating land acquisition for large-scale projects such as highways, airports, industrial zones, waste processing plants, and water supply and sewage treatment. They are also tasked with monitoring the joint budget of all local civic bodies within the district.<ref name="A1"/>

They are expected to ensure the passing of a common draft budget and review its implementation quarterly. The Guardian Minister also plays a crucial role in ensuring the effective implementation of funds sanctioned by the central and state governments for various Schemes.<ref name="A1"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay High Court |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/112582807/ |publisher=Indian Kanoon |date=April 1, 2021}}</ref>

The Guardian minister is seen as a way for a political leader or party to increase their control over a district, as the minister is positioned close to the citizens and is able to interact with them directly.<ref name="B2"/>

== Guardian secretary ==
Guardian Secretary is a senior bureaucrat appointed by the state government, following the appointment of the guardian minister. Their role involves holding [[Lok Adalat]]s, which are forums for addressing the grievances of citizens. The Guardian secretary is also responsible for coordinating with various government departments to resolve issues and ensure the implementation of development projects.<ref name="B2"/>

== Assam ==
The [[Government of Assam]] introduced the concept of guardian ministers in 2021. The aim is to bring attention to the implementation of government policies, reforms, and public welfare schemes in assigned districts. The guardian minister reviews implementation, makes quick decisions on public applications, visits the district regularly and inspects circle offices. They also submit a report on scheme implementation to the [[Chief Minister of Assam]]. The initiative seeks to improve government service delivery and address public needs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Bikash |title=Assam government comes up with concept of guardian ministers |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-government-comes-up-with-concept-of-guardian-ministers/articleshow/82996404.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=May 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Parashar |first1=Utpal |title=Assam appoints 'guardian ministers' for its various districts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-appoints-guardian-ministers-for-its-various-dists-101622023273389.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=May 26, 2021}}</ref>

Guardian Ministers of Assam

== Maharashtra ==
{{Main|Guardian minister (Maharashtra)}}
This concept of guardian minister has been followed by successive governments in Maharashtra since 2004. It has been utilized as a political strategy to broaden the base of a political party. For example, between 2004 and 2014, senior NCP leader [[Ajit Pawar]], who represented the [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati assembly]] and served as the guardian minister for [[Pune]]. This helped the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] to expand its presence in the district and consolidate its control over the [[Pune Municipal Corporation]] while keeping the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] at bay.<ref>{{cite news |title=Guardian Ministers of Assam, A Double Edged Sword |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/opinion/editorials/guardian-ministers-of-assam-a-double-edged-sword |publisher=G Plus |date=May 29, 2021}}</ref>

In Maharashtra state, the [[Third Fadnavis ministry|Devendra Fadnavis government]] has 20 guardian ministers, including the Chief Minister and the Deputy Chief Minister. The maximum number of ministers that the government can appoint is 43.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra CM appoints guardian ministers of districts, Dy CM Fadnavis to be in charge of several Vidarbha areas |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/maharashtra-cm-appoints-guardian-ministers-of-districts-dy-cm-fadnavis-to-be-in-charge-of-several-vidarbha-areas/articleshow/94423645.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=September 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra districts suffer for want of guardian ministers |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/sep/10/maharashtra-districts-suffer-for-want-of-guardian-ministers-2496721.html |publisher=[[New Indian Express]] |date=September 22, 2022}}</ref>

In Pune, the responsibilities of the Guardian minister extend beyond the typical duties. The minister is also required to lead the committee responsible for ensuring all necessary facilities during the annual pilgrimage from [[Alandi]] and [[Dehu]] to [[Pandharpur]]. The Guardian Minister also closely monitors the preparations during the [[Ganesh Festival]].<ref name="B2">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Ajay |title=No rule for appointment: Guardian minister is ex-officio chairperson of district planning panel |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/no-rule-for-appointment-guardian-minister-is-ex-officio-chairperson-of-district-planning-panel5771642/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=June 9, 2019}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Minister (government)]]
* [[Chief minister]]
* [[Governor]]
* [[Parliamentary leader]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Types of government minister}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ministerial offices|Guardian minister]]
[[Category:Government occupations]]

Madhugiri Lok Sabha constituency

2025-09-30T15:25:11Z

Vikifzj:

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian Lok Sabha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Madhugiri
| type = LS
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| district =
| division =
| constituency_no =
| established = 1967
| reservation =
| abolished = 1976
| electors =
}}
'''Madhugiri Lok Sabha constituency''' was a former [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Mysore State]] ([[Karnataka]] from 1967 to 1977).<ref name="t262">{{cite web | title=1963–1967 Delimitation Orders Statewise Notifications | publisher = [[Election Commission of India]] | website=Internet Archive | date=23 October 2016 | url=https://archive.org/details/delimitation-orders-1967/mode/2up?q=hoskote | access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> This seat came into existence in 1967 and ceased to exist in 1976, before [[1977 Indian general election|1977 Lok Sabha Elections]]. This constituency was later merged with [[Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of Parliament ==

*1952-66: ''Constituency does not exist''
*1967: [[Mali Mariappa]], [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="FOURTH">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1967 TO THE FOURTH LOK SABHA|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=147}}</ref>
*1967: [[Sudha V Reddy]], [[Indian National Congress]]
*1971: [[K. Mallanna]], [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="FIFTH"/>
*1977 Onwards: ''Constituency does not exist''

==Election results==
=== 1971 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Madhugiri<ref name="FIFTH">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1971 TO THE FIFTH LOK SABHA|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=155}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate=[[K. Mallanna]]
|party=Indian National Congress
|votes={{formatnum:247907}}
|percentage=83.93%
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate= B. N. Ramegowda
|party=Indian National Congress (Organisation)
|votes={{formatnum:36914}}
|percentage=12.50%
|change=
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes={{formatnum:}}
|percentage=
|change=
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes={{formatnum:304314}}
|percentage=56.46%
|change=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Tiptur Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Tumkur district]]
* [[List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|13.7|77.2|display=title}}

[[Category:Tumakuru district]]
[[Category:1977 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Mysore]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka]]

{{India-constituency-stub}}
{{Karnataka-geo-stub}}

Karunguzhi

2025-09-24T18:13:47Z

Vikifzj: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karunguzhi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.55|N|79.9|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 11265
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Karunguzhi''' is a town in [[Chengalpattu district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].

==History==
the town of Karunguzhi, with an interruption between 1825 and 1835, was the first capital and administrative headquarters were transferred to [[Kanchipuram]]. In 1859 the capital [[Saidapet]], now a neighbourhood in the city of [[Chennai]], was made the administrative headquarters of the district.

It acted as the capital of [[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chingleput District]] under Madras presidency from 1793-1825 and from 1835-1859.<ref>''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', accessed 2020-11-21.</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Karunguzhi had a population of 11,265. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Karunguzhi has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 61%. In Karunguzhi, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

There are several tourist attractions in the area. "Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary" is one of the most famous bird sanctuaries in India. It is 8 km from Karunguzhi.

An ancient fort built by a [[Pallava]] emperor is also located here. There are two mountains in Karunguzhi. One is a Renganathar mountain, in Malaipalayam: It is nearly 700 metres high and a temple to Lord Vishnu is on the top. The other mountain is in Karunguzhi forest. In the middle of the forest is a temple to Siva.

Nearby is the Lord Gnanagereeswarar temple, built nearly 1000 years ago. A lake is also there, covering nearly {{convert|500|acre|km2}}.

[[Madurantakam]] town is 3 km from Karunguzhi. The second biggest lake in Tamil Nadu is Madurantakam lake.{{cn|date=September 2020}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, South|Karunguzhi|Padalam|Madurantakam|32|80.83}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chengalpattu district]]

India's Laughter Champion

2025-07-25T07:35:32Z

Vikifzj:

{{Short description|Indian reality stand-up comedy series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Indiaslaughterchampion.jpg
| genre = [[Reality]]
| judges = [[Shekhar Suman]] [[Archana Puran Singh]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 20
| producer = [[Banijay|Banijay Asia]]
| director = [[Hemant Sharma]]
| location = Mumbai
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 50 minutes
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2022|6|11}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2022|8|27}}
}}
'''''India's Laughter Champion''''' is an Indian reality [[stand-up comedy]] series produced by [[Banijay|Banijay Asia]]. The show was broadcast on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=|date=2022-06-09 |title=Sony Entertainment Television brings back a classic comedy format to TV |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/sony-entertainment-television-brings-back-a-classic-comedy-format-to-tv-220609 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref> The show was hosted by [[Rochelle Rao]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Rochelle Rao replaces Parizad Kolah as India's Laughter Champion host, Shekhar Suman-Archana Puran Singh kickstart shoot |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rochelle-rao-replaces-parizad-kolah-indias-laughter-champion-host-archana-puran-singh-shekhar-suman-kickstart-shoot-7943364/ |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> while [[Shekhar Suman]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive - Shekhar Suman: We are going to stay away from obscene and vulgar jokes on India's Laughter Champion - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-shekhar-suman-we-are-going-to-stay-away-from-obscene-and-vulgar-jokes-on-indias-laughter-champion/articleshow/92138052.cms |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=The Times of India |date=11 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Archana Puran Singh]] are the judges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |title=Archana Puran Singh and Shekhar Suman to judge India's Laughter Champion. Watch promo |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/archana-puran-singh-and-shekhar-suman-to-judge-india-s-laughter-champion-watch-promo-1948557-2022-05-12 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It replaced ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taneja |first=Parina |date=2022-05-17 |title=Shekhar Suman's 'India's Laughter Champion' to replace The Kapil Sharma Show |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/shekhar-suman-india-s-laughter-champion-to-replace-the-kapil-sharma-show-2022-05-17-777270 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-12 |title=Kapil Sharma Show to be replaced by India's Laughter Champion, to be judged by Archana Puran Singh and Shekhar Suman |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kapil-sharma-shown-to-be-replaced-by-laughter-champions-archana-puran-singh-shekhar-suman-judges-7913115/ |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It aired its finale on 27 August 2022. It was won by Rajat Sood.

==Concept==
The show is based on a format where [[stand-up comedians]] perform and entertain judges.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

== Judges ==
* [[Shekhar Suman]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Archana Puran Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archana Puran Singh and Shekhar Suman unite for India's Laughter Challenge which is likely to replace The Kapil Sharma Show - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/archana-puran-singh-and-shekhar-suman-unite-for-indias-laughter-challenge-which-is-likely-to-replace-the-kapil-sharma-show/articleshow/91519088.cms |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=The Times of India |date=12 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Guest==

* [[Shilpa Shetty]]
* [[Vijay Deverakonda]]
* [[Rajkummar Rao]]
* [[Taapsee Pannu]]
* [[Mithali Raj]]
* [[Ananya Panday]]

==Contestant ==
*'''Rajat Sood- {{green|WINNER}}'''
*'''Nitesh Shetty'''- {{cyan|'''1st Runner-up'''}}
*'''Vighnesh Pandey'''- {{magenta|'''2nd Runner-up'''}}
*'''Jayvijay Sachan'''- {{magenta|'''2nd Runner-up'''}}
*Ketan Singh
*Gaurav Dubey
*[[Hemant Pandey]]
*Abhay Sharma
*[[Shambhu Shikhar]]
*Haseeb Khan
*Mujawar Malegaowi
*Himanshu Bawandar
*Jaswant Singh Rathore
*Amit Singh Andotra(Chui)
*Ravi Gupta (world famous)
*Aditya Kulshreshth (Kullu)

== Laughter ke SIRpanch ==

* [[Rajpal Yadav]]
* [[Sugandha Mishra]]
* [[Sunil Grover]]
* [[Raju Srivastav]]
* [[Jamie Lever]]
* Suresh Albela
* Rajeev Nigam
* Sardar Pratap Faujdar
* [[Surender Sharma]]
* [[Arun Gemini]]
* Dr. Tushar Shah
* [[Gurpreet Ghuggi]]
* [[Chetan Shashital]]

== See also ==
* [[List of programs broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/india-s-laughter-champion-1700000923 India's Laughter Champion] on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.setindia.com/in-en/shows/india-s-laughter-champion/93 India's Laughter Champion] on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]


{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows}}

[[Category:Indian stand-up comedy television series]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]

Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga

2025-04-15T08:49:47Z

Vikifzj: Created A Entry Initial Version

{{Short description|41st Sakya Trizin}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|name = Ngawang Kunga, Sakya Trizin Emeritus
|image= Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga.jpg
|birth_name = Ngawang Kunga
|dharma name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|9|7}}
|birth_place = Tsedong, Tibet
|nationality =
|title = His Holiness the 41st Sakya Trizin Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoche
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
|school = [[Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)|Sakya]] school of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
|spouse = Gyalyum Tashi Lhakee
|partner =
|children = [[Ratna Vajra Rinpoche]], [[Gyana Vajra Rinpoche]]
|website =
}}

'''Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga''' served as the 41st [[Sakya Trizin]], the throne holder of the [[Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)|Sakya]] Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, from his appointment in 1952 until his retirement in 2017. His religious name is Ngawang Kunga Tegchen Palbar Trinley Samphel Wangyi Gyalpo ({{bo|t=ངག་དབང་ཀུན་དགའ་ཐེག་ཆེན་དཔལ་འབར་འཕྲིན་ལས་བསམ་འཕེལ་དབང་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ།|w=ngag dbang kun dga' theg chen dpal 'bar 'phrin las bsam 'phel dbang gyi rgyal po}}). After passing the throne of the Sakya lineage to his elder son [[Ratna Vajra Rinpoche]] who became the 42nd [[Sakya Trizin]] on 9 March 2017, he is now known as '''Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoche'''.

==Biography==
Ngawang Kunga<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/sakya_bios.pdf|title=Biographies of The Great Sachen Kunga Nyingpo and H.H. The 41st Sakya Trizin B|website=Buddhanet.net|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> was born on September 7, 1945<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Book of Tibetan Elders: Life Stories and Wisdom from the Great Spiritual Masters of Tibet|url=https://archive.org/details/bookoftibetaneld00john|url-access=registration|last=Johnson|first=Sandy|date=1996|publisher=Riverhead Books|isbn=9781573226073|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bookoftibetaneld00john/page/233 233]|oclc=34191822|quote="Born in southern Tibet in 1945, His Holiness Sakya Trizin, Jetsun Kusho's brother and cousin to Jigdal Dagchen Rinpoche, is the forty-first in an unbroken lineage of lamas that reaches back to 1073 A.D. The title 'Sakya Trizin' means 'Holder of the Throne of Sakya.' He inherited the title at the age of eleven, when his father died."}}</ref> in Tsedong, near [[Shigatse]], [[Tibet]]. From his father, Vajradhara Ngawang Kunga Rinchen, he received important initiations and teachings in the Sakya lineage. He began intensive religious study at the age of five. In 1952, he was officially designated as the next [[Sakya Trizin]] by the Fourteenth [[Dalai Lama]].<ref name="biographies41st">''Biographies of The Great Sachen Kunga Nyingpo and His Holiness the 41st Sakya Trizin''. Compiled by Ratna Vajra Sakya, Dolma Lhamo, and Lama Jampa Losel. Published by Sakya Academy, Dehradun, U.A. India. 2003.</ref> He continued intensive training from his main teacher Ngawang Lodroe Shenpen Nyingpo and many other famous Tibetan scholars, studying extensively in both the esoteric and exoteric Buddhist traditions. In 1959, at the age of fourteen, he was formally enthroned as head of the Sakya Order of Tibetan Buddhism. In the same year, due to the violent take over by China and the ensuing political situation in Tibet, Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga, his family, and many lamas and monks from the Sakya Monastery relocated to India.<ref name="biographies41st"/>

To maintain the unbroken lineage of the Khon family, in 1974 he consented to requests that he accept Tashi Lhakee, daughter of a noble family from [[Derge]] in [[Kham]] as his consort.<ref name="drogmi.org">{{cite web|url=http://drogmi.org/the-sakya-tradition/sakya-masters/his-holiness-the-sakya-trizin|title=His Holiness the Sakya Trizin|website=Drogmi.org}}</ref> In the same year his first son, [[Ratna Vajra Rinpoche]], was born. In 1979, a second son, [[Gyana Vajra Rinpoche]] was born.

After leaving Tibet, in 1964, Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga re-established the seat of the Sakya in [[Rajpur, Kanpur Dehat|Rajpur]], India, building a monastery known as Sakya Centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glorioussakya.org/history/sakya-lineage/|title=Sakya Centre - Sakya Lineage|website=Glorioussakya.org|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> Since that time, he has worked tirelessly to preserve the thousand-year-old religious heritage of the Sakya Order and to transmit its teachings to succeeding generations.<ref name="drogmi.org"/> He founded and directly guides a number of institutions, including Sakya Monastery in Rajpur, Sakya Institute, Sakya College, Sakya Nunnery, Sakya College for Nuns, Sakya Tibetan Settlement, Sakya Hospital, dozens of other monasteries and nunneries in Tibet, Nepal, and India, and numerous Dharma Centers in many countries.<ref name="drogmi.org"/><ref name="officialwebsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.hhthesakyatrizin.org|title=Home - His Holiness the Sakya Trizin|website=Hhthesakyatrizin.org|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref>

Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoche is regarded as one of the most highly qualified Buddhist lineage holder respected by all four schools of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] and teaches widely throughout the world.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} He has bestowed the extensive [[Lam Dre]] teaching cycle, which is the most important teaching of the Sakya Order over 18 times on various continents, and also transmitted major initiation cycles such as Collection of all the Tantras, and the Collection of all the [[Sādhanā]]s, which contain almost all of the [[empowerments]] for the esoteric practices of the various schools of Tibetan Buddhism to hundreds of lineage holders in the next generation of Buddhist teachers.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} He has trained both of his sons as highly qualified Buddhist masters, and they both travel widely, teaching Buddhism throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sakyatsechenthubtenling.org/teachers.html|title=Sakya Tsechen Thubten Ling|website=Sakyatsechenthubtenling.org|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref>

The year 2009 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the 41st Sakya Trizin's leadership of the Sakya Order. The occasion was celebrated as a Golden Jubilee with extensive celebrations and tributes to his success in preserving and maintaining the Sakya school.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Penny-Dimri, Sandra. (1995). "The Lineage of His Holiness Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga." ''The Tibet Journal''. Vol. XX, No. 4 Winter 1995, pp. 64–92. {{issn|0970-5368}}.
* Trizin, Sakya. ''Parting from the Four Attachments''. Shang Shung Publications, 1999.
* Johnson, Sandy. The Book of Tibetan Elders: Life Stories and Wisdom from the Great Spiritual Masters of Tibet. New York: Riverhead Books, 1997. {{isbn|9781573226073}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hhthesakyatrizin.org Sakya Dolma Phodrang's official website]
* http://www.glorioussakya.org/history/hhst/
* [http://www.szakja.hu/english/teachers.html Hungarian website of Sakya Trizin including some information about Jetsun Kushok Chimey Luding] see last section


{{Sakya Trizin}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunga, Sakya Trizin Ngawang}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sakya Trizins]]
[[Category:Tibetan people]]
[[Category:Tulkus]]
[[Category:Rinpoches]]
[[Category:20th-century lamas]]
[[Category:People from Shigatse]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur Dehat district]]
[[Category:Tibetan refugees]]
[[Category:Tibetan diaspora in India]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhism in India]]

Qaysar Jamshaid Lone

2025-02-15T23:36:08Z

Vikifzj: New

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Lolab Assembly constituency|Lolab]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Abdul Haq Khan (Indian politician)|Abdul Haq Khan]]
| party = [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
}}
'''Qaysar Jamshaid Lone''' is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir. He is a member of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Lolab Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Lolab Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/lolab-election-result-2024-live-update-9077389.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Lolab, J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JKNC's Qaysar Jamshaid Lone with 19348 defeats AIP's Dawood Bashir Bhat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/lolab-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612870-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="J&K Election Results 2024 - Lolab">{{cite news |date=8 October 2024 |title=J&K Election Results 2024 - Lolab |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U084.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009175855/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U084.htm |archivedate=9 October 2024 |accessdate=9 October 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lone, Qaysar Jamshaid}}
[[Category:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Kupwara district]]
[[Category:Members of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{JammuKashmir-politician-stub}}

Andhra Kingdom

2024-07-28T20:30:07Z

Vikifzj: Adding new page

#REDIRECT [[Andhras]]

Holkar (disambiguation)

2024-06-20T06:14:20Z

Vikifzj: Creating New Info

'''Holkar''' may refer to:

*[[House of Holkar]], a noble family within the Maratha Confederacy
*[[Holkar Stadium]], a cricket stadium located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
*Madhya Pradesh cricket team, formerly known as [[Holkar cricket team]], based in Madhya Pradesh, India
*[[Holkar Science College]], an institute located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
*Holkar State, also known as [[Indore State]], a historical princely state in India
*Holkar Chhatris, also known as [[Krishnapura Chhatri]], a set of three memorial in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

{{disambiguation}}