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Puthuppally Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T10:37:58Z

Vernell29N:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Puthuppally
| state = [[Kerala]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 98
| map_image = <mapframe text="Puthuppally Assembly constituency" width=265 height=300 align=right >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q16133577,Q13110092,Q20576926,Q20582342,Q13114100,Q16133919,Q13113324,Q13114624"}</mapframe>
| map_caption =
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| district = [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
| mla = [[Chandy Oommen]]
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| alliance = {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 1,76,412 (2023)
}}
'''Puthuppally''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern India. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Kottayam Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://kottayam.nic.in/constituencies| website = kottayam.nic.in| title = State Assembly Constituencies in Kottayam district, Kerala}}</ref> As of the [[2023 elections in India#Kerala|2023 Assembly by-election]], the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] is [[Chandy Oommen]] of the [[Indian National Congress]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Puthuppally Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kottayam.htm|website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in|title= Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Kottayam District}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="20px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="50px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Akalakunnam]]
|Grama Panchayath
|Kottayam<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://kottayam.nic.in/tehsil
|website = kottayam.nic.in
|title = Villages and Curresponding Talukas in Kottayam district.
}}</ref>
|-
|2
|[[Ayarkunnam]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kottayam
|-
|3
|[[Kooroppada]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kottayam
|-
|4
|[[Manarcaud]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kottayam
|-
|5
|[[Meenadam]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kottayam
|-
|6
|[[Pampady]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kottayam
|-
|7
|[[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthuppally]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kottayam
|-
|8
|[[Vakathanam]]
|Grama panchayat
|Changanassery
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented Puthuppally Assembly constituency during the period of various assemblies:<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/kerala/puthuppally-assembly-constituency-map.html|website = www.mapsofindia.com|title = Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Puthuppally}}</ref>

'''Key'''

{{Party index link|Indian National Congress}} {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{| class="sortable" width="55%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Election
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Niyama Sabha
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Member
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2"|Party
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Tenure
|-
| [[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| 1st
| rowspan="2" |P. C. Cherian
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| 1957 – 1960
|-
| [[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
| 2nd
| 1960 – 1965
|-
| [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| 3rd
| E.M George
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
| 1967 – 1970
|-
| [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
| 4th
| rowspan="12" |[[Oommen Chandy]]
| rowspan="14" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="14" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 1970 – 1977
|-
| [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| 5th
| 1977 – 1980
|-
| [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| 6th
| 1980 – 1982
|-
| [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| 7th
| 1982 – 1987
|-
| [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| 8th
| 1987 – 1991
|-
| [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| 9th
| 1991 – 1996
|-
| [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| 10th
| 1996 – 2001
|-
| [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| 11th
| 2001 – 2006
|-
| [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| 12th
| 2006 – 2011
|-
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| 13th
| 2011 – 2016
|-
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| 14th
| 2016 – 2021
|-
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| rowspan="2" |15th
| 2021 – 2023
|-
|[[2023 elections in India|2023]]^
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandy Oommen]]
| 2023 – 2026
|-
| [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| 16th
| 2026 – present
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

^[[2023 elections in India|2023]] by-election

==Election results==

=== LOCAL BODY ELECTIONS ===
=== 2025 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|SEGMENTS
|LDF
|NDA
|UDF
|IND
|
|LEADING ALLIANCE
|-
|AKALAKKUNNAM
|4427
|1464
|5377
|413
|11681
|UDF
|-
|AYARKUNNAM
|6546
|3528
|8588
|863
|19525
|UDF
|-
|KOOROPPADA
|5942
|3763
|6104
|808
|16617
|UDF
|-
|MANARCAUD
|5499
|2295
|7613
|547
|15954
|UDF
|-
|MEENADAM
|3422
|543
|4348
|6
|8319
|UDF
|-
|PAMPADY
|8090
|1532
|10813
|87
|20522
|UDF
|-
|PUTHUPPALLY
|5496
|2507
|8752
|496
|17251
|UDF
|-
|VAKATHANAM
|7670
|1602
|9543
|694
|19509
|UDF
|-
|TOTAL
|47092
|17234
|61138
|3914
|129378
|
|-
|
|36.3987695
|13.3206573
|47.25532935
|3.025243859
|}

=== ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS ===
=== 1970 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthuppally]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Oommen Chandy]]|votes=29784|percentage=54.55|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=E M George|votes=22496|percentage=41.20|change=|}}

{{Election box margin of victory||votes=7288|percentage=13.34|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link||winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,57,222 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthuppally]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Oommen Chandy]]|votes=69,922|percentage=59.74|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Suja Susan George|votes=36,667|percentage=31.33|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=P. Sunilkumar|votes=6,679|percentage=5.71|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Saji K. Cheraman|votes=3,230|percentage=2.76|change='|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Jayakumar Kavunkal|votes=537|percentage=0.46|change=|}}

{{Election box margin of victory||votes=33,255|percentage=28.41|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,17,035|percentage=74.44|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link||winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 1,73,253 registered voters in Puthuppally Assembly constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website = eci.gov.in|title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India}}</ref>

====Results by political party====
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthuppally]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Oommen Chandy]]|votes=71,597|percentage=53.42|change={{decrease}}6.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Jaick C. Thomas|votes=44,505|percentage=33.20|change={{increase}}1.87}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[George Kurian (politician)|George Kurien]]|votes=15,993|percentage=11.93|change={{increase}}6.22}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=630|percentage=0.47|change=-}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 27,092
|percentage = 20.22
|change ={{decrease}}8.19
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,34,034|percentage=77.36|change={{increase}}2.92}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = {{decrease}}6.32
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 1,75,959 registered voters in Puthuppally Assembly constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2021|website = eci.gov.in|title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India}}</ref>

====Results by political party====
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthuppally]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Oommen Chandy]]|votes=63,372|percentage=48.08|change={{decrease}}5.34}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Jaick C. Thomas|votes=54,328|percentage=41.22|change={{increase}}8.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=N. Hari|votes=11,694|percentage=8.87|change={{decrease}}3.06}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=George Joseph Vathappally|votes=997|percentage=0.76|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=P. P. Abhilash|votes=763|percentage=0.58|change={{decrease}}0.10}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=497|percentage=0.38|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=M. V. Cherian|votes=146|percentage=0.11|change={{increase}}0.01}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 9,044
|percentage = 6.86
|change ={{decrease}}13.36
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,31,797|percentage=77.36|change={{decrease}}2.46}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = {{decrease}}5.34}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 by-election ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2023 elections in India#Kerala|Kerala Assembly by-election, 2023]]: Puthuppally }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Chandy Oommen]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=80,144|percentage=61.38|change={{increase}}13.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jaick C. Thomas|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=42,425|percentage=32.49|change={{decrease}}8.73}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=G. Lijinlal|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=6,558|percentage=5.02|change={{decrease}}3.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Luke Thomas|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=835|percentage=0.64|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Santhosh Pulickal|party=Independent|votes=78|percentage=0.06|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Shaji|party=Independent|votes=63|percentage=0.05|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=P.K Devadas|party=Independent|votes=60|percentage=0.05|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=400|percentage=0.31|change={{decrease}}0.07}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 37,719
|percentage = 29.32
|change ={{increase}}22.46
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,28,624|percentage=72.1|change={{decrease}}5.26}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = {{increase}}13.3}}
{{Election box end}}

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthuppally}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Chandy Oommen]]
|votes = 84031
|percentage = 65.56
|change = +4.18
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = K. M. Radhakrishnan
|votes = 31124
|percentage = 24.28
|change = -8.21
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = Ravindranath Vakathanam
|votes = 11544
|percentage = 9.00
|change = +3.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 613
|percentage = 0.48
|change = +0.17
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 52907
|percentage = 41.28
|change = +11.96
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 128180
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Puthuppally, Kottayam]]
* [[Kottayam district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Kottayam district]]

Abrar Qazi

2026-05-06T13:58:32Z

Vernell29N: made a info...

{{BLP sources|date=September 2025}}{{short description|Indian television actor (born 1992)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abrar Qazi
| image = Abrar-Qazi-grace-the-Hoonur-Balaji-Telefilms-initiative-grand-launch-.jpg
| caption = Qazi in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|08|03|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy Birthday Abrar Qazi!|url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/indian-tv-news/2022/08/happy-birthday-abrar-qazi/|date=2022-08-03|access-date=2026-04-25|website=Urban asian.com|language=English}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kashmirlife.net/another-majnoon-issue-43-vol-10-199547/amp/|title=Another Majnoon|website= Kashmir Life|date=23 January 2019|access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> 
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2018–present
| known_for = ''[[Gathbandhan]]'' ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]'' ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' ''[[Kabhi Neem Neem Kabhi Shahad Shahad]]''
}}

'''Abrar Qazi''' (born 3 August 1992) is an Indian television actor. He is best known for portraying Raghu Jadhav in ''[[Gathbandhan]]'', Rudraksh Khurana and Samrat Chaudhary in ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]],'' Rajvansh Malhotra ''in [[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' and Udayveer Jindal in ''[[Kabhi Neem Neem Kabhi Shahad Shahad]]''.

==Early life==
Abrar Qazi was born on 3 August 1992 in [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India. He completed his schooling from [[Tyndale Biscoe School]], Srinagar. Qazi graduated with a [[Bachelor in Business Administration]] degree from [[Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar]] and also holds a degree in [[Master of Arts]] in Journalism.

Abrar Qazi in his early days used to make films based on social issues with the help of his friends. During college days he would often copy the style of [[Shahrukh Khan]] and his classmates would call him by that name. He also worked as a [[Graphic Designer]] in a private company in his hometown but left the job in very less time to pursue his dream of becoming an actor.

==Career==
Qazi made his film debut in 2018 with the role of Zaid in ''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]'', written by [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] and directed by Sajid Ali. In 2019, he appeared in the [[Amazon Prime Video]] spy thriller ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'' as Kareem Bhat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Family Man Cast & Crew|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9544034/fullcredits|access-date=8 August 2025|website=IMDb}}</ref>
[[File:Zee Rishtey Awards 2024.png|thumb|170px|Qazi in [[Zee Tv|Zee Rishtey Awards]] 2024]]
In January 2019, Qazi made his television debut in ''[[Gathbandhan]]'' on [[Colors TV]], playing Raghu Jadhav, a gangster from [[Dombivli]] who falls in love with a police officer, played by [[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/gathbandhan-abrar-qazi-5539968/|title=Gathbandhan actor Abrar Qazi: I enjoyed playing Raghu as he is completely different from me|last=Farzeen|first=Sana|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> Following the show's end in November 2019, he was cast as rockstar Rudraksh Khurana in ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]'' on [[StarPlus]], opposite [[Sargun Kaur Luthra]]. He later portrayed Samrat Chaudhary in the same series until 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/not-karan-wahi-but-abrar-qazi-to-play-the-hero-in-yeh-hai-chahatein/articleshow/71692782.cms|title=Not Karan Wahi, but Abrar Qazi to play the hero in Yeh Hai Chahatein|work=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=23 October 2019}}</ref> Show proved to be a turning point in his career, his performance and on-screen chemistry with Luthra were well-received, contributing to the show's popularity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/abrar-qazi-on-his-chemistry-with-sargun-kaur-luthra-in-yeh-hai-chahatein-1169002|title=Abrar Qazi on his chemistry with Sargun Kaur Luthra in Yeh Hai Chahatein|work=Pinkvilla|date=12 July 2022|access-date=8 August 2025}}</ref> In addition to television, he featured with Luthra in several advertisements between 2021 and 2022, including campaigns for Jeevansathi.com and Bru coffee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sargun Kaur Luthra and Abrar Qazi feature in Jeevansathi ad|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/jeevansathi-com-launches-ad-campaign-featuring-abrar-qazi-and-sargun-kaur-luthra|access-date=8 August 2025|website=afaqs!}}</ref>

In October 2023, Qazi joined [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' following a 20-year narrative leap, portraying Rajvansh "RV" Malhotra opposite [[Rachi Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Confirmed! Abrar Qazi and Rachi Sharma will play the new lead couple in Kumkum Bhagya post the 20-year leap|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/confirmed-abrar-qazi-and-rachi-sharma-will-play-the-new-lead-couple-kumkum-bhagya-post-the-20-year-leap/articleshow/104501408.cms|date=17 October 2023|access-date=8 August 2025|work=The Times of India}}</ref> He remained with the series until early 2025. In June 2025, Qazi began portraying Udayveer "UV" Jindal in ''[[Kabhi Neem Neem Kabhi Shahad Shahad]]'' on [[StarPlus]], opposite Afia Tayebali. The series is a Hindi adaptation of the Bengali drama ''Kothha'' and is produced by [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Abrar Qazi opens up about his character Uday in Kabhi Neem Neem Kabhi Shahad Shahad|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/abrar-qazi-opens-up-about-his-character-uday-in-kabhi-neem-neem-kabhi-shahad-shahad-says-he-is-fun-but-with-depth/|access-date=8 August 2025|work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> The show ended in September 2025 following low TRPs.

==Filmography==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
|2018
|''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]''
|Zaid
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Gathbandhan]]''
| Raghu Jadhav || rowspan="3"| Lead Role
|-
| 2019–2022
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]''
| Rudraksh "Rudra" Khurana
|-
| 2022–2023
| Samrat "Sam" Chaudhary
|-
|2021
|Bhuvan Garg
|Cameo Role
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Ravivaar With Star Parivaar]]''
| Contestant
|
|-
| 2023–2025
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| Rajvansh "RV" Malhotra
| rowspan = "2" | Lead Role
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Kabhi Neem Neem Kabhi Shahad Shahad]]''
| Udayveer "UV" Jindal
|-
|2026-
|Tu Hi Re Dil Mein
|Sanjay
|Lead Role (upcoming)
|-
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
|2019
|''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''
|Kareem Bhat
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/film/the-family-man-review|title='The Family Man' Review: Compelling Story, Tight Filmmaking Make for a Memorable Watch|website=The Wire|access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Show !! Result !! Ref.
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
|[[Gold Awards]]
|Best Debut Male
|rowspan=2|''[[Gathbandhan]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face – Male|Fresh New Face – Male]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|2022
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|Best Actor Male
|''[[Yeh Hai Chahatein]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theita2021.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110094223/http://www.theita2021.com/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=10 November 2021|title=List of Nominees: 21st ITA Awards, 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2025
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Fan Favorite Star - Zee TV
|rowspan=2|''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| {{nom}}
|rowspan="4"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Telly Awards 2025 Winners: Complete list of winners |url=https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html |date=23 July 2025 |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=Indian Telly Awards}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Telly Award for Fan Favorite Jodi|Fan Favorite Jodi]] (with [[Rachi Sharma]])
| {{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|nm10133199}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qazi, Abrar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
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List of Indian metropolitan areas by GDP

2026-05-06T12:50:22Z

Vernell29N: created initial entry with sources - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
The following is a list of [[metropolitan area]]s in India by their [[Gross domestic product|nominal gross domestic product]] (GDP) and their contribution to their respective states and union territories. The metropolitan area definition is based on the districts of the [[Urban area|urban agglomeration]]. The GDP of India as of 2022-23 is {{INRConvert|269.5|t|lk=b|year=2023|3|mode=historical}}, and the top 50 cities contribute to nearly 40 percent of the national GDP.<ref>{{cite web|title=GDP estimates|url=https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/PressNoteGDP31052024.pdf|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Percent of contribution of metropolitan areas in National GDP of India
| label1 = [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi]]
| value1 = 5.71
| color1 = red
| label2 = [[Mumbai]]
| value2 = 4.98
| color2 = orange
| label3 = [[Greater Bengaluru|Bengaluru]]
| value3 = 3.45
| color3 = green
| label4 = [[Greater Chennai|Chennai]]
| value4 = 2.81
| color4 = skyblue
| label5 = [[Greater Hyderabad|Hyderabad]]
| value5 = 2.45
| color5 = khaki
| label6 = [[Kolkata metropolitan area|Kolkata]]
| value6 = 2.33
| color6 = coral
| label7 = [[Ahmedabad]]
| value7 = 1.86
| color7 = steelblue
| label8 = [[Pune Metropolitan Region|Pune]]
| value8 = 1.55
| color8 = yellow
| label9 = [[Surat]]
| value9 = 1.30
| color9 = darkslateblue
| label10 = [[Coimbatore metropolitan area|Coimbatore]]
| value10 = 1.00
| color10 = pink
| label11 = Rest of the top 50 cities
| value11 = 12.98
| color11 = violet
| label12 = Rest of urban areas
| value12 = 15.97
| color12 = grey
| 35 = 35
| color13 = brown
| value13 = 44.61
| label13 = Rural India
}}
{{location map+|India|float=center|caption= Top 10 metropolitan areas by GDP in India|width=500|places=
{{Location map~|India|lat=18.97|long=72.82|label=[[Mumbai]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=28.68|long=77.22|label=[[Delhi]]|position=top}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=12.96|long=77.56|label=[[Bengaluru]]|position=left}}
{{location map~|India|lat=13.08|long=80.27|label=[[Chennai]]|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=17.40|long=78.45|label=[[Hyderabad]]|position=top}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=22.5646|long=88.3433|label=[[Kolkata]]|position=bottom}}
{{location map~|India|lat=23.05|long=72.35|label=[[Ahmedabad]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=18.52|long=73.85|label=[[Pune]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=21.17|long=72.83|label=[[Surat]]|position=left}}
{{location map~|India|lat=11.00|long=76.98|label=[[Coimbatore]]|position=right}}}}

{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Indian urban areas by nominal GDP for 2022-23
|- class="static-row-header"
!S.no
![[Metropolitan area]]
![[States and union territories of India|State/UT]]
!Nominal [[GDP]]
(2022–23)
!Contribution to State GDP (%)<ref>{{cite report|title=RBI Handbook on Indian states|url=https://m.rbi.org.in//scripts/AnnualPublications.aspx?head=Handbook+of+Statistics+on+Indian+States|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216122800/https://m.rbi.org.in//Scripts/AnnualPublications.aspx?head=Handbook+of+Statistics+on+Indian+States|archive-date=16 December 2024|access-date=16 January 2025|work=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
!Contribution to National GDP (%)
!Source
|-

|1
|[[Delhi NCT|Delhi NCR]]{{efn|name=Delhi|Contains [[Delhi NCT]], [[Noida]], [[Greater Noida]], [[Ghaziabad]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Faridabad]]}}
|[[Delhi NCT]]
[[Haryana]]
[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|15375.37|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|35.9
|5.71
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics & GDP|url=https://delhiplanning.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/Planning/tables.pdf|work=Delhi planning department}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=UPDES website |url=https://updes.up.nic.in/updes/dist_domestic_product.html |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=updes.up.nic.in}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-

|2
|[[Mumbai metropolitan area|Mumbai]]{{efn|name=Mumbai|Includes [[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]], [[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]], and parts of [[Thane district|Thane]], [[Palghar district|Palghar]] and [[Raigad district]]s}}
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|13417.15|b|lk=b|year=2023|to=USD|2|mode=historical}}
|36.6
|4.98
|<ref name=":1">{{cite report|last=Maharashtra |url=https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/ESM1920/chapter/English/esm2324_e.pdf|title=Maharashtra economic survey|work=[[Government of Maharashtra]]|year=2024}}</ref>
|-

|3
|[[Greater Bangalore|Bengaluru]]{{efn|name=Bengaluru|Includes [[Bengaluru Urban district|Bangalore urban]], [[Bengaluru Rural district|Bangalore rural]], [[Ramanagara district]]s}}
|[[Karnataka]]
|{{INRConvert|9285.52|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|40.91
|3.45
|<ref name=":8">{{cite web|title=Reports - Directorate of Economics and Statistics|url=https://des.karnataka.gov.in/info-4/Economics+Survey/Reports/en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303163539/https://des.karnataka.gov.in/info-4/Economics+Survey/Reports/en|archive-date=3 March 2024|access-date=2025-01-12|work=Govt of Karnataka|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-

|4
|[[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai]]{{efn|name=Chennai|Includes [[Chennai district|Chennai]], and parts of [[Tiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]], [[Kanchipuram district|Kancheepuram]], [[Chengalpattu district]]s}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{INRConvert|7560.56|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|31.59
|2.81
|<ref name=":5">{{cite web|title=District Income Estimates|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fNpX0Db0lf2lidwLr1_m6s2s8lMWeUen/view?usp=drive_linkome|work=Department of Economics and statistics Govt of Tamil Nadu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=https://www.tnagrisnet.tn.gov.in/dashboard/report/01_02.pdf|work=Govt of tamilnadu}}</ref>
|-

|5
|[[Hyderabad Metropolitan Region|Hyderabad]]{{efn|name=Hyderabad|Includes [[Hyderabad]], and parts of [[Ranga Reddy district|Rangareddy]], [[Medchal-Malkajgiri district|Medchal-Malkajgiri]], [[Sangareddy district]]s}}
|[[Telangana]]
|{{INRConvert|6613.1|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|50.56
|2.45
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Telangana Socio economic outlook 2024|url=https://www.telangana.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Telangana-Socio-Economic-Outlook-2024.pdf|work=Govt of Telangana}}</ref>
|-

|6
|[[Kolkata metropolitan area|Kolkata]]{{efn|name=Kolkata|Includes [[Kolkata]], and parts of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], [[Howrah district|Howrah]], [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]], [[South 24 Parganas]]s}}
|[[West Bengal]]
|{{INRConvert|6212.51|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|40.56
|2.33
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|url=https://kmda.wb.gov.in/page/cms/introducing_kmda_011393|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102132346/https://kmda.wb.gov.in/page/cms/introducing_kmda_011393|archive-date=2 January 2025|access-date=2025-01-10|work=kmda.wb.gov.in|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=West Bengal district income estimates|url=https://www.nitiforstates.gov.in/public-assets/Policy/policy_files/RSS1154M000550.pdf|work=Niti Aayog}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vision 2025|url=https://kmda.wb.gov.in/upload_file/PerspectivePlanKMA-Vision2025.pdf|work=Kolkata metropolitan development authority}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District skill development plan|url=https://iti.wb.gov.in/themes/default/District_level_plan_for_skilling_V1.pdf|work=Directorate of industrial training- Govt of West Bengal}}</ref>
|-

|7
|[[Ahmedabad]]{{efn|name=Ahmedabad|Includes [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] and parts of [[Gandhinagar district]]}}
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{INRConvert|5557.02|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|25.22
|2.06
|<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=ICRISAT- District Level Data|url=http://data.icrisat.org/dld/src/gdp.html|access-date=2025-01-10|work=data.icrisat.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=https://ahmedabad.nic.in/|work=Ahmedabad district}}</ref>
|-

|8
|[[Pune Metropolitan Region|Pune]]{{efn|name=Pune|Includes [[Pune district]]}}
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|4181.04|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|11.47
|1.55
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Pune, India Population 2024|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/pune|access-date=2025-01-10|work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=.:: Background ::.|url=https://pmrda.gov.in/pmrda_background|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128044113/http://pmrda.gov.in/pmrda_background|archive-date=28 November 2022|access-date=2025-01-10|work=pmrda.gov.in|language=en-gb|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
|-

|9
|[[Surat]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{INRConvert|3497.27|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|15.87
|1.30
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=https://surat.nic.in/|work=Surat district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Surat, India Population 2024|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/surat|access-date=2025-01-10|work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Surat Economic Region|url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-12/Economic_Master_Plan_to_Develop_Surat_Economic_Region_as_a_Growth_Hub_by_2047_Dece.pdf|work=NitiAayog}}</ref>
|-

|10
|[[Coimbatore metropolitan area|Coimbatore-Tiruppur]]{{efn|name=Coimbatore|Includes [[Coimbatore]], [[Tiruppur]] and parts of [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]] and [[Tiruppur district]]s}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{INRConvert|2684.22|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|11.22
|1
|<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Tiruppur, India Population 2024|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/tiruppur|access-date=2025-01-10|work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Coimbatore, India Population 2024|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/coimbatore|access-date=2025-01-10|work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=https://coimbatore.nic.in/|work=Coimbatore district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=https://tiruppur.nic.in/|work=Tiruppur district}}</ref>
|-

|11
|[[Visakhapatnam]]{{efn|name=Visakhapatnam|Includes [[Visakhapatnam]], and parts of [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]] and [[Vizianagaram district]]s}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|1740.5|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|13.35
|0.65
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://visakhapatnam.ap.gov.in/ |work=Visakhapatnam district}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=District Domestic Product |url=https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications |work=AP Finance |access-date=11 November 2024 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609015545/https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://anakapalli.ap.gov.in/ |work=Anakapalli district}}</ref>
|-

|12
|[[Vadodara]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{INRConvert|1708.06|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|7.75
|0.63
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Vadodara, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/vadodara |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://vadodara.nic.in/ |work=Vadodara district}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-

|13
|[[Nagpur metropolitan area|Nagpur]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|1686.03|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|4.63
|0.57
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Nagpur, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/nagpur |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://nagpur.gov.in/ |work=Nagpur district}}</ref>
|-
|14
|[[Jaipur]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|{{INRConvert|1497.67|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|11
|0.55
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Master plan 2025 |url=https://jda.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/jda---jaipur/en/town-planning/master-development--plan-2025.html |work=Jaipur Development Authority}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=District Income Estimates |url=https://desddp.rajasthan.gov.in/PDF/Publication_982021%20125213%20PM.pdf |work=Govt of Rajastan}}</ref>
|-
|15
|[[Kochi metropolitan area|Kochi]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|1303.53|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|13.42
|0.51
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=https://ernakulam.nic.in/en/demography/|work=Eranakulam district}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://alappuzha.nic.in/en/ |work=Alappuzha district}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Kerala Economic review 2024 |url=https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-02/ER_2024%20Eng_Vol%202_Press.pdf |work=Kerala State Planning Department}}</ref>
|-
|16
|[[Thrissur]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|1300.73|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|10.35
|0.39
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Thrissur, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/thrissur |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://thrissur.nic.in/en/district-profile/ |work=Thrissur district}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
|17
|[[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]] {{Efn|Contains [[Amaravati]], [[Vijayawada]] & [[Guntur]]}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|1221.74|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|9.38
|0.45
|<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Krishna district |url=https://krishna.ap.gov.in/map-of-district/ |work=Govt of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NTR district |url=https://ntr.ap.gov.in/ |work=Govt of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Guntur district |url=https://guntur.ap.gov.in/ |work=Govt of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref>
|-
|18
|[[Rajkot]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{INRConvert|1163.76|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|5.28
|0.43
|<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Rajkot, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/rajkot |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://rajkot.nic.in/ |work=Rajkot district}}</ref>
|-
|19
|[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{INRConvert|1107.68|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|4.07
|0.22
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Salem, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/salem |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://salem.nic.in/ |work=Salem district}}</ref>
|-
|20
|[[Nashik]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|1030.56|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.16
|0.32
|<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Nashik, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/nashik |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://nashik.gov.in/ |work=Nashik District}}</ref>
|-

|21
|[[Thiruvananthapuram|Thirvananthapuram]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|956.79|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|9.86
|0.37
|<ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://trivandrum.nic.in/en/ |work=Thiruvananthapuram district}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
|22
|[[Kollam]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|908.59|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|9.49
|0.36
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://kollam.nic.in/en/demography/ |work=Kollam district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kollam, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/kollam |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-

|23
|[[Chandigarh Capital Region|Chandigarh]]
|[[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|{{INRConvert|966.2|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|5.62
|0.35
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://sasnagar.nic.in/ |work=SAS Nagar-Punjab}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://chandigarhdistrict.nic.in/ |work=Chandigarh UT}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://panchkula.nic.in/ |work=Panchkula District}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mohali Metropolitan Urban Region Population 2011-2025 Census |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/10-mohali.html |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Panchkula City Population 2025 {{!}} Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/29-panchkula.html|access-date=2025-01-12|work=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-
|24
|[[Patna]]
|[[Bihar]]
|{{INRConvert|918.3|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|12.3
|0.34
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://patna.nic.in/ |work=Patna District}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Patna, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/patna |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar Economic survey 2023-24 (Patna PCI-Page 15) |url=https://state.bihar.gov.in/finance/cache/12/07-Mar-25/SHOW_DOCS/Economic%20Survey%20Final%2022.02.2025%20%20English_11zon.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=Govt of Bihar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=GDP of Patna|first1=at table A.1.6 Districtwise GDDP of Bihar|last2=Page Number- 82 of Survey|title=Bihar Economy Survey 2024-25|url=https://state.bihar.gov.in/finance/cache/12/07-Mar-25/SHOW_DOCS/Economic%20Survey%20Final%2022.02.2025%20%20English_11zon.pdf#page=82|access-date=28 April 2025|work=Finance Department Bihar}}</ref>
|-
|25
|[[Lucknow]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|902.22|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|3.95
|0.33
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucknow, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/lucknow |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://lucknow.nic.in/ |work=Lucknow district}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
|-
|26
|[[Malappuram]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|836.97|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|8.75
|0.33
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Malappuram, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/malappuram |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://malappuram.nic.in/en/ |work=Malappuram district}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
|27
|[[Madurai]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{INRConvert|870.9|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|3.2
|0.27
|<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Madurai, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/madurai |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://madurai.nic.in/ |work=Madurai district}}</ref>
|-
|28
|[[Asansol]]{{efn|name=Asansol|Includes [[Asansol]] [[Durgapur]] & [[Raniganj]]}}
|[[West Bengal]]
|{{INRConvert|865.44|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|5.65
|0.32
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://paschimbardhaman.gov.in/ |work=Paschim burdwan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Asansol, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/asansol |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Durgapur, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/durgapur |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>
|-

|29
|[[Kozhikode]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|841.52|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|8.4
|0.32
|<ref name=":10">{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://kozhikode.nic.in/en/ |work=Kozhikode district}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-02/ER_2024EngVol%201.pdf_0.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 August 2025 |archive-date=13 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313110355/https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-02/ER_2024EngVol%201.pdf_0.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|30
|[[Bhubaneswar]]{{efn|name=Bhubaneswar|Includes [[Bhubaneswar]] and parts of [[Khordha district|Khordha]] and [[Cuttack district]]s}}
|[[Odisha]]
|{{INRConvert|843.11|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|11.1
|0.31
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://khordha.odisha.gov.in/ |work=Khordha district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://cuttack.odisha.gov.in/about-district/district-profile |work=Cuttack district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=District Income Estimates |url=https://ncds.nic.in/sites/default/files/PolicyBriefs/PB8NCDS.pdf |work=Bhubaneswar}}</ref>
|-
|31
|[[Indore]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|827.66|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|6.64
|0.31
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Indore, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/indore |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=ICRISAT- District Level Data |url=http://data.icrisat.org/dld/src/gdp.html |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=data.icrisat.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://indore.nic.in/en/ |work=Indore District}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite web|title=District domestic product|url=http://des.mp.gov.in/Portals/0/ESTIMATES_DISTRICT_DOMESTIC_PRODUCTS_MP_2020-2021.pdf|work=Govt of Madhya Pradesh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212225624/http://des.mp.gov.in/Portals/0/ESTIMATES_DISTRICT_DOMESTIC_PRODUCTS_MP_2020-2021.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|33
|[[Raipur]]{{efn|name=Raipur|Includes [[Raipur]], [[Durg]], and [[Bhilai]]}}
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|{{INRConvert|823.64|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|17.74
|0.31
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://raipur.gov.in/en/ |work=Raipur district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://durg.gov.in/ |work=Durg district}}</ref>
|-
|34
|[[Erode]]{{efn|name=Erode|Includes [[Erode]] and parts of [[Erode district|Erode]] and [[Namakkal district]]s}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{INRConvert|816.47|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|3
|0.23
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Erode, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/erode |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://erode.nic.in/ |work=Erode district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=https://namakkal.nic.in/|work=Namakkal district}}</ref>
|-
|35
|[[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar|Aurangabad]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|786.57|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.16
|0.22
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Aurangabad, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/aurangabad |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://aurangabad.gov.in/en/ |work=Aurangabad district}}</ref>
|-

|36
|[[Mangaluru]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|{{INRConvert|783.74|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.25
|0.29
|<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://dk.nic.in/en/ |work=Dakshina kannada district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mangalore, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/mangalore |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>
|-
|37
|[[Solapur]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|757.44|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.08
|0.29
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Population Review |title=Solpaur Population (WPR) |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/solapur |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|38
|[[Kolhapur]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|731.95|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.01
|0.28
|
|-
|39
|[[Agra]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|723.7|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|3.17
|0.27
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://agra.nic.in/ |work=Agra district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Agra, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/agra |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
|-
|40
|[[Ludhiana]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|{{INRConvert|718.72|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|10.55
|0.27
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://ludhiana.nic.in/ |work=Ludhiana district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ludhiana, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/ludhiana |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab economic survey |url=https://punjab.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/EconomicSurvey2022-23.pdf |work=Govt of punjab}}</ref>
|-
|41
|[[Kannur]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|713.45|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|6.97
|0.26
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Kannur, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/kannur |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://kannur.nic.in/en/about-district/ |work=Kannur district}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
|42
|[[Kanpur]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|676.1|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.96
|0.25
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Kanpur, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/kanpur |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://kanpurnagar.nic.in/demography/ |work=Kanpur Nagar District}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
|-
|43
|[[Jamnagar]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{INRConvert|650.00|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.95
|0.24
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://jamnagar.nic.in/district-at-a-glance/ |work=JamNagar district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jamnagar, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/jamnagar |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>
|-
|44
|[[Tiruchirappalli]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{INRConvert|628.88|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.63
|0.23
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://tiruchirappalli.nic.in/ |work=Tiruchirapalli district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tiruchirappalli, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/tiruchirappalli |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
|-
|45
|[[Mysuru]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|{{INRConvert|641.89|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.7
|0.23
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Mysore, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/mysore |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://mysore.nic.in/en/ |work=Mysore district}}</ref><ref name=":8" />
|-
|46
|[[Meerut]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|584.83|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.56
|0.22
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://meerut.nic.in/ |work=Meerut district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Meerut, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/meerut |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
|-
|47
|[[Bhopal]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|564.65|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|4.53
|0.21
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://bhopal.nic.in/en/ |work=Bhopal district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bhopal, India Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/bhopal |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
|-
|48
|[[Jabalpur]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{INRConvert|543.46|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|4.36
|0.2
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://jabalpur.nic.in/en/ |work=Govt of Madhya Pradesh}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
|-
|49
|[[Sangli]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|{{INRConvert|538.95|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|1.48
|0.2
|
|-
|50
|[[Hubli–Dharwad]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|{{INRConvert|476.07|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|2.33
|0.2
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://dharwad.nic.in/en/ |work=Dharwad district}}</ref>
|-
|51
|[[Kottayam]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{INRConvert|426.39|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|4.54
|0.19
|<ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://kottayam.nic.in/en/ |work=Kottayam district}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
|52
|[[Vellore]]{{efn|name=Vellore|Includes [[Vellore]] and parts of [[Vellore district|Vellore]] and [[Ranipet district]]s}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{INRConvert|508.93|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|1.87
|0.18
|<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://ranipet.nic.in/documents/ |work=Ranipet district}}</ref>
|-
|53
|[[Dhanbad]]
|[[Jharkhand]]
|{{INRConvert|442.01|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|10.59
|0.17
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographics |url=https://dhanbad.nic.in/ |work=Dhanbad district}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dhanbad, India Population 2024|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/dhanbad|access-date=2025-01-13|work=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Department of economics & statistics |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/PDepartment/SearchUploadedDocuments?department=32d5e36f384bebd5d3753a04a0302eec&doctype=e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5&subdoctype=b6d767d2f8ed5d21a44b0e5886680cb9 |website=Govt of jharkhand}}</ref>
|-
|54
|[[Jamshedpur]]
|[[Jharkhand]]
|{{INRConvert|380.22|b|lk=b|year=2023|2|mode=historical}}
|9.11
|0.15
|<ref name=":13" />
|}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{GDP country lists}}

[[Category:Lists of cities in India|GDP]]
[[Category:Economy of India lists|cities by GDP]]
[[Category:Lists of cities by GDP|India]]

Yerneni Sita Devi

2026-05-04T05:33:50Z

Vernell29N: Starting New Bio W/ Refs...

{{Short description|Indian politician (1950–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

'''Yerneni Sita Devi''' (1950 – 28 May 2024) was an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She was a former two time member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mudinepalli]] Assembly constituency in [[Krishna district]] representing Telugu Desam Party.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mudinepalli Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/mudinepalli-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> She served as a Minister for Education in the Telugu Desam government of [[N. T. Rama Rao|NT Rama Rao]] in 1988.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Ex-Minister Yerneni Sita Devi passes away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/May/28/andhra-pradesh-ex-minister-yerneni-sita-devi-passes-away |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-27 |title=Ex-Minister Yerneni Sita Devi Passes Away |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/ex-minister-yerneni-sita-devi-passes-away-896044 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

Devi was born in [[Koduru, Krishna district|Koduru]] village in [[Kaikalur mandal|Kaikaluru mandal]] in the erstwhile Krishna district, presently in [[Eluru district]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28 |title=Former AP minister passes away in Hyderabad |url=https://www.siasat.com/former-ap-minister-passes-away-in-hyderabad-3033779/ |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref> Her husband was Nagendranath.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandari |first=Pavan |date=2024-05-27 |title=Former Minister Yerneni Sita Devi Passes Away Due to Heart Attack In Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/former-minister-yerneni-sita-devi-passes-away-due-to-heart-attack-in-hyderabad-881067 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Devi entered politics after the call given late NT Rama Rao. She contested the 1983 election but lost. She became an MLA for the first time winning the [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from Mudinepalli Assembly constituency representing Telugu Desam Party. She regained the seat for Telugu Desam winning the [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994 Assembly election]].<ref name=":0" /> Later, she lost the 1999 and 2004 elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28 |title=యెర్నేని సీతాదేవి కన్నుమూత |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2024/andhra-pradesh/krishna/yerneni-sita-devi-passed-away-1260382.html |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=Andhrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}</ref>

Devi died of heart attack in [[Hyderabad]] on 28 May 2024. She was 74 and is survived by two sons and a daughter.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{India-politician-stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sita Devi, Yerneni}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century women politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1985–1989]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]

1993–94 Ranji Trophy

2026-05-01T11:27:46Z

Vernell29N: made new info...

{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1993-94 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 295px
| fromdate =
| todate =
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, which the winners get.
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = League and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| count = 31
| participants = 27
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[M. V. Sridhar]] (Hyderabad) (757)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1993/94 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1993-94/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Pradeep Jain]] (Haryana) (46)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1993/94 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1993-94/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1992–93
| previous_tournament = 1992–93 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1994–95
| next_tournament = 1994–95 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1993–94 Ranji Trophy''' was the 60th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. Bombay defeated Bengal by 8 wickets in the final.

==Group stage==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}

===North Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''26''' || 3.253
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| 5 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''20''' || 3.063
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''18''' || 2.899
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Services cricket team|Services]]
| 5 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''16''' || 3.029
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 5 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''2''' || 3.158
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| 5 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 2.897
|}

===Central Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''14''' || 3.207
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''14''' || 2.781
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''12''' || 2.820
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''10''' || 3.025
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''4''' || 3.569
|}

===East Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''24''' || 3.600
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]
| 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''12''' || 2.455
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]
| 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''8''' || 3.247
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''8''' || 2.626
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tripura cricket team|Tripura]]
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 2.262
|}

{{col-2}}

===South Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''21''' || 3.377
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| 5 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''19''' || 2.610
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| 5 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''16''' || 2.584
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| 5 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''9''' || 2.581
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| 5 || 0 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''3''' || 2.250
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| 5 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 2.337
|}

===West Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]
| 4 || 4 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''24''' || 3.193
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''10''' || 2.835
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''8''' || 3.178
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| 4 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''2''' || 2.887
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| 4 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''2''' || 2.543
|}

{{col-end}}

== Knockout stage ==
{{Round16

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 100px

|12 Feb 1994 — Nagpur|[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]|356& 131/5|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] (F)'''|'''535 & 350/2d'''
|12 Feb 1994 — Indore|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]|370 & 230/9|'''[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]] (F)'''|'''437 & 244'''
|12 Feb 1994 — Bangalore|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''|'''468'''|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]|107 & 175
|12 Feb 1994 — Faridabad|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]|291 & 225|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''718'''
|12 Feb 1994 — Calcutta|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] (F)'''|'''213 & 445/8'''|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|178
|12 Feb 1994 — Jaipur|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]|202 & 136|'''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]'''|'''272 & 233'''
|12 Feb 1994 — Baroda|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]] (F)'''|'''366 & 368'''|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]|268 & 97/4
|||||

|26 Feb 1994 — Pune|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] (F)'''|'''645/9d & 175/7d'''|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]|398 & 33/3
|26 Feb 1994 — Bangalore|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]|406 & 305/5d|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] (F)'''|'''460 & 89/6'''
|26 Feb 1994 — Calcutta|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''392 & 79/1'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|261 & 209
|25 Feb 1994 — Baroda|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]] (F)'''|'''592'''|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]|349 & 287/8

|12 Mar 1994 — Pune|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|338|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] (F)'''|'''509 & 316/7'''
|12 Mar 1994 — Calcutta|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''278 & 98/2'''|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]|249 & 123

|27 Mar 1994 — Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''256 & 195/2'''|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|193 & 257

|skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=no|skipmatch04=no|skipmatch05=no|skipmatch06=no|skipmatch07=no|skipmatch08=yes
|RD1 = Pre-Quarter-finals|RD2 = Quarter-finals|RD3 = Semi-finals|RD4 = Finals
|3rdplace=no}}

'''(F)''' - Advanced to next round on First Innings Lead

===Final===
{{Test match
| date = 27–30 March 1994
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] (H)
| team1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| score-team1-inns1 = '''193 (71.2 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Arun Lal]] 62
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sairaj Bahutule]] 4/49
| score-team2-inns1 = '''256 (93.2 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Amol Muzumdar]] 78
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Utpal Chatterjee]] 7/71
| score-team1-inns2 = '''257 (87.4 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Saurav Ganguly]] 88
| wickets-team1-inns2 = Manish Patel 3/35
| score-team2-inns2 = '''195/2 (77.5 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Sunil More]] 83*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Sagarmoy Sensharma]] 1/34
| result = Bombay won by 8 wickets
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]]
| umpires = [[Shyam Bansal|S. K. Bansal]], [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]]
| motm =
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/58/58717.html Scorecard]
| toss = Bengal won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1993-94.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranji Trophy, 1993-94}}
[[Category:1993 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1994 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1993–94]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

1923 Indian general election

2026-04-30T13:20:56Z

Vernell29N: minor enhance section per sources

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox election
| country = British India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1920 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1920
| next_election = 1926 Indian general election
| next_year = 1926
| election_date = 1923
| seats_for_election = 105 of the 145 seats in the [[Central Legislative Assembly]]

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Motilal nehru.jpg|bSize=152|cWidth=116|cHeight=150|oTop0=|oLeft=33}}
| leader1 = [[Motilal Nehru]]
| party1 = Swaraj Party
| alliance1 =
| leaders_seat1 =
| seats1 = 38
| seat_change1 =
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=HN_Kunzru_1987_stamp_of_India.jpg|bSize=180|cWidth=116|cHeight=150|oTop=11|oLeft=33}}
| leader2 = [[H. N. Kunzru]]
| leaders_seat2 =
| party2 = Indian Liberal Party
| alliance2 =
| seats2 = 27
| seat_change2 =
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| majority_seats = 73
}}{{Politics of India}}

General elections were held in [[British Raj|British India]] in November 1923 for both the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] and provincial assemblies. The Central Legislative Assembly had 145 seats, of which 105 were elected by the public.<ref>"Indian Election Results. Strength of Extremists", ''The Times'', 15 December 1923, p11, Issue 43525</ref><ref name="AlamJ">{{cite book |last=Alam |first=Jawaid |title=Government and Politics in Colonial Bihar, 1921–1937 |page=118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSceVSL-3C8C |isbn=9788170999799 |date=January 2004 |publisher=Mittal Publications}}</ref>

The Assembly was opened on 21 January 1924 by Viceroy [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|Lord Reading]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rushbrook Williams |first=L. F. |title=India in 1923 1924 |date=12 September 2023 |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiain19231924032864mbp/page/n330 273] |publisher=Government Of India. |url=https://archive.org/details/indiain19231924032864mbp}}</ref>

==Results==
===Legislative Assembly===

{{Election results
|party1=[[Swaraj Party]]|seats1=38
|party2=[[Indian Liberal Party]]|seats2=27
|party3=Loyalists|seats3=6
|party4=Brahmins|seats4=3
|party5=Gurdwara Sikhs|seats5=2
|party6=Liberals|seats6=2
|party7=Unknown allegiance|votes7=|seats7=20
|party8=Independents|seats8=7
|row9=Appointed members|seats9=40
|source=''The Times''<ref>"Indian Legislative Assembly: Balance Of Parties", ''The Times'', 8 January 1924, p6, Issue 43543</ref>
}}

===Provincial assemblies===
[[File:Indian Provincial Election 1923.svg|thumb|300px|right|Results in provincial assemblies]]
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Province
!Anti-Ministerialists
![[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]]
![[Swaraj Party]]
!Others
!Independents
!Appointed
!Unfilled seats{{ref label|reference_name_A|a|a}}
!Total
|-
|align=left|[[Assam]]|| || ||14||39|| || ||0||53
|-
|align=left|[[Bengal]]|| || ||49||87|| || ||3||139
|-
|align=left|[[Bihar and Orissa]]|| || ||12||82|| || ||9||103
|-
|align=left|[[Central Provinces]]|| || ||50||19|| || ||0||69
|-
|align=left|[[Mumbai|Bombay]]|| || ||32||72|| || ||7||111
|-
|align=left|[[1923 Madras Presidency legislative council election|Madras]]||37||44||11||6||0||28||0||127
|-
|align=left|[[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]]|| || ||28||65|| || ||0||93
|-
|align=left|[[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]]|| || ||38||84|| || ||1||123
|-
|align=left colspan=9|Source: ''The Times'',<ref>"Indian Election Results: Strength Of The Swaraj Party", ''The Times'', 1 January 1924, p11, Issue 43537</ref> Saroja Sundararajan<ref>{{cite book |title=March to freedom in Madras Presidency, 1916–1947 |author=Saroja Sundararajan |year=1989 |pages=334–339 |location=Madras |publisher=Lalitha Publications}}</ref>
|}
{{note label|reference_name_A|a|a}} Seats that were unfilled as of 1 January 1924

==Members of Central Legislative Assembly==
<ref name="AlamJ"/><ref name=EastIndia>{{cite book |title=East India |year=1922 |page=11 |ol=22879068M}}</ref><ref name=IndParl>{{cite book |title=India's Parliament Selections from the proceedings of the second session of the Legislative Assembly and the Council of State |year=1921 |publisher=Director, Central Bureau of Information, Gov't of India |ol=24188384M}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mayo |first=Katherine |title=Mother India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNIE-FdgBPoC&pg=PA102 |isbn=9780472067152 |year=2000 |publisher=University of Michigan Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Ravindra |title=Selected Works of Vithalbhai J. Patel: 1924 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXxKI2Nd44AC |isbn=9788170994190 |year=1995 |publisher=Mittal Publications}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Indian Year Book |year=1924 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6k4iAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>

===Officials===
*'''Government of India:''' [[Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey|Sir Malcolm Hailey]], [[Charles Alexander Innes]], [[Atul Chandra Chatterjee]], [[Basil Phillott Blackett]] (Finance Member), Ernest Burdon, [[Alexander Muddiman]] (Home Member), [[Bhupendra Nath Mitra]], [[Denys Bray]], [[J. W. Bhore]], [[Henry Moncrieff Smith]], [[Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler]], [[James Alexander Richey]], [[L. F. Rushbrook Williams]], Evelyn Berkeley Howell, Alfred Alen Lethbridge Parsons, Sir Geoffrey Clarke, [[Alexander Tottenham]], Captain Ajab Khan, G. G. Sim, A. G. Clow, L. Graham, J. L. McCallum
*'''Nominated from Provinces:''' [[T. E. Moir]] (Madras), Julius Matheson Turing (Madras), Philip Edward Percival (Bombay), Percy Barnes Haigh (Bombay), Walter Hudson (Bombay), Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley (Bengal), Girish Chandra Nag (Bengal), Muhammad Abdul Mumin (Bengal), R. A. Wilson (Central Provinces), Rustomji Faridoonji (Central Provinces), Basil Copleston Allen (Assam), William Alexander Cosgrave (Assam), Frank Charles Owens (Burma), H. Tonkison (Burma), Shyam Narayan Singh (Bihar & Orissa), Henry Edward Holme (United Provinces), E. H. Ashworth (United Provinces), Hubert Calvert (Punjab)
*'''Berar Representative:''' [[Madhav Shrihari Aney]]

===Nominated non-officials===
*'''Provinces:''' [[P. S. Sivaswami Iyer]] (Madras), [[Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum]] (NWFP), Sardar Bahadur Captain Hira Singh (Punjab)
*'''Special Interests:''' [[Henry Gidney]] (Anglo-Indian), [[Surendra Kumar Datta]] (Indian Christians), [[N. M. Joshi]] (Labour Interests)

===Elected non-officials===
*'''Ajmer-Merwara''': [[Harbilas Sarda]]
*'''Assam:''' Tarun Ram Phookan (Assam Valley General), Kamini Kumar Chanda (Surma Valley cum Shillong General), Ahmad Ali Khan (Muslim), Eustace Joseph (European), T. A. Chalmers (European)
*'''Bengal:''' [[Bipin Chandra Pal]] (Calcutta General), Tulsi Chandra Goswami (Calcutta Suburbs General), Amar Nath Dutt (Burdwan General), Bhabendra Chandra Roy (Presidency General), [[K. C. Neogy]] (Dacca Rural General), [[Kumar Sankar Ray]] (Chittagong & Rajshahi General), Yacoob C. Ariff (Calcutta & Suburbs Muslim), Mohammad Shams-us-Zoha (Burdwan & Presidency Muslim), Alimuazzam Chowdhry (Dacca Muslim), Khwaja Abdul Karim (Dacca Muslim), Muhammad Kazim Ali (Chittagong Rural Muslim), [[Khabeeruddin Ahmed]] (Rajshahi Rural Muslim), Sir Campbell Rhodes (European), Darcy Lindsay (European), W. S. J. Wilson (European), Col. J. D. Crawford (European), Surendra Chandra Ghose (Landholders), Rang Lal Jajodia (Marwari Association)
*'''Bihar & Orissa:''' [[Nilakantha Das]] (Orissa General), Bhabananda Das (Orissa General), [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]] (Patna-cum-Shahabad General), Hari Prasad Lal (Gaya-cum-Monghyr General), Ganganand Sinha (Bhagalpur, Purnea & Santhal Parganas General), Devaki Prasad Sinha (Chota Nagpur General), Gaya Prasad Singh (Muzaffarpur-cum-Champaran General), Sarfaraz Husain Khan (Patna & Chota Nagar cum Orissa Muslim), Moulvi Mian Asjad-ul-lah (Bhagalpur Muslim), Muhammad Shafi Daoodi (Tirhut Muslim), Raja Raghunandan Prashad Singh (Landholders), Shyama Charan, Brajnandan Sahay, Saiyid Muhammad Ismail
*'''Bombay:''' [[Vithalbhai Patel]] (Bombay City General), Nowroji Maneckji Dumasia (Bombay City General), [[Seth Harchandrai Vishandas]] (Sind General), Jamnadas Mehta (Bombay Northern General), [[Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar]] (Bombay Central General), Krishnaji Govind Lohokare (Bombay Central General), [[Venkatesh Belvi]] (Bombay Southern General), [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (Bombay City Muslim), W. M. Hussanally (Sind Muslim), [[Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bhurgri]] (Sind Muslim), Mahomed Ebrahim Makan (Bombay Northern Muslim), Sardar Mahboob Ali Khan Mohammad Akbar Khan (Bombay Southern Muhammadan), [[Purshottamdas Thakurdas]] (Indian Merchants Chamber), [[Kasturbhai Lalbhai]] (Ahmedabad Millowners Association), Sardar Vishnu Narayan Mutalik (Gujarat & Deccan Sardars & Inamdars), Henry Richard Dunk (European), Hugh Golding Cocke (European), E. F. Sykes (European), Sir Montagu de Pomeray Webb (European)
*'''Burma:''' Maung Tok Kyi (General), Maung Kun (General), Maung Ba Si (General), Edward Gibson Fleming (European)
*'''Central Provinces:''' M. V. Abhyankar (Nagpur General), [[Hari Singh Gour]] (Hindi Divisions General), Sambhu Dayal Misra (Hindi Divisions General), M. Samiullah Khan (Muslim), [[Seth Govind Das]] (Landholders)
*'''Delhi:''' Piyare Lal (General)
*'''Madras:''' [[T. Rangachari]] (Madras City General), Bhupatiraju Venkatapatiraju (Ganjam cum Vizagapatam General), Mocherla Ramachandra Rao (Godavari-cum-Krishna General), Kakutur Venkataramanareddi (Guntur cum Nellore General), Chetlur Doraiswamy Ayyangar (Madras ceded districts and Chittoor General), [[R. K. Shanmukham Chetty]] (Salem and Coimbatore cum North Arcot General), M. K. Acharya (South Arcot General), Krishna Rama Aiyangar (Madura & Ramnad cum Tinnevelly General), [[A. Rangaswami Iyengar]] (Tanjore & Trichy General), Maulvi Sayad Murtuza Sahib Bahadur (South Madras Muslim), Gordon Fraser (European), Kunhi Kammaran Nambiyar Chandroth Koodali Thazheteveetil (Landholders), [[M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettyar]] (Madras Indian Commerce), Haji S. A. K. Jeelani
*'''Punjab:''' Lala Dunichand (Ambala General), Bakshi Sohan Lal (Jullundur General), [[Lala Hansraj]] (Jullundur General), [[Diwan Chaman Lall]] (West Punjab General), [[Abdul Haye]] (East Punjab Muslim), Shaikh Sadiq Hasan (East Central Punjab Muslim), Khan Sahib Ghulam Bari (West Central Punjab Muslim), Chaudhri Baawal Baksh (North Punjab Muslim), [[Ghazanfar Ali Khan]] (North Punjab Muslim), Sayyad Ghulam Abbas (North West Punjab Muslim), Makhdum Syed Rajan Baksh Shah (South West Punjab Muslim), Sardar Gulab Singh (West Punjab Sikh)
*'''United Provinces:''' [[Motilal Nehru]] (UP Cities General), Shamlal Nehru (Meerut General), Narayan Das (Agra General), [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]] (Allahabad & Jhansi General), [[C. S. Ranga Iyer]] (Rohilkhand & Kumaon General), Krishna Kant Malaviya (Benaras & Gorakhpur General), [[H. N. Kunzru]] (Lucknow General), Pandit Harkaran Nath Misra (Lucknow General), Kishanlal Nehru (Fyzabad General), Haji Wajihuddin (UP Cities Muslim), Nawab Ismail Khan (Meerut Muslim), Maulvi Muhammad Yakub (Rohilkhand & Kumaon Muslim), Raja Amarpal Singh (Landholders), Colonel Sir Henry Stanyon (European), Rai Bahadur Raj Narain
*Other: H. P. Dayal, C. V. Vasantha Sastri

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bangladeshi elections}}
{{Indian elections}}
{{Pakistani elections}}

[[Category:1923 elections in India]]
[[Category:November 1923 in Asia]]
[[Category:General elections in British India]]

Godrej Industries Group

2026-04-27T16:42:52Z

Vernell29N:

{{Short description|Indian holding company}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Godrej Industries Group
| logo = Godrej Industries Group Logo.png
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|500164}} {{NSE|GODREJIND}}
| ISIN = INE233A01035
| foundation = 1963
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| key_people = {{plainlist|
*[[Adi Godrej]] ([[Chairman]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Godrej-Industries/3100705454 |title=Godrej Industries Group
|publisher=Indiainfoline.com |date=28 May 2010 |accessdate=20 July 2010}}</ref>
*[[Nadir Godrej]] ([[Chairperson]] & [[Managing Director]])
*[[Nisa Godrej]]
*[[Tanya Dubash]]}}
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| services = {{Unbulleted list|[[Agribusiness]]|[[Fast-moving consumer goods|Consumer goods]]|[[Real estate]]|[[Financial services]]||[[Chemical industry|Chemicals]]}}
| products =
| revenue = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|15064|c}} (2022)<ref name="bseindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bseindia.com/qresann/detailedresult_cons.asp?scrip_cd=500164&qtr=65.5&compname=GODREJ%20INDUSTRIES%20LTD.&quarter=MC2009-2010&checkcons=55c |title=BSE 2010 Data |publisher=bseindia.com |accessdate=20 July 2010}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|1081|c}} (2022)
| net_income = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|707|c}} (2022)
| assets = {{up}} {{INRConvert|34047|c}} (2022)
| equity = {{down}} {{INRConvert|7126|c}} (2022)
| num_employees =
| subsid = [[Godrej Chemicals]] [[Godrej Agrovet]] [[Godrej Consumer Products]] [[Godrej Properties]] [[Godrej Capital]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.godrejindustries.com}}
}}

'''Godrej Industries Group''' is an Indian conglomerate headquartered in [[Mumbai]], with business interests across consumer goods, chemicals, real estate, agriculture, financial services, and investments.

The group traces its origins to the Godrej business founded in 1897 by Ardeshir Godrej, which later developed into the diversified Godrej Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=team |first=dcf model |title=Godrej Industries Limited: history, ownership, mission, how it works & makes money |url=https://dcf-model.com/blogs/history/godrejindns-history-mission-ownership |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=AI-Powered Discounted Cash Flow Model Templates |language=en}}</ref>

Godrej Industries Group comprises a portfolio of operating and investment companies, including Godrej Consumer Products, Godrej Properties, Godrej Agrovet, Godrej Industries (Chemicals), Godrej Fund Management, and Godrej Capital. Its businesses operate across Asia, Africa, and Latin America and serve over 1 billion consumers globally.

In 2024, the Godrej Group underwent a restructuring following a family settlement agreement between members of the Godrej family, resulting in the separation of business interests into two independent entities: Godrej Industries Group and Godrej Enterprises Group. <ref>{{Cite web |last=team |first=dcf model |title=Godrej Industries Limited: history, ownership, mission, how it works & makes money |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/godrej-group-division-here-s-a-look-at-127-year-old-history-of-the-company-124050100439_1.html |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=AI-Powered Discounted Cash Flow Model Templates |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The Godrej business was founded in 1897 by Ardeshir Godrej in Mumbai. The initial venture involved the manufacture of locks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=Business |title=Godrej Group division: Here's a look at 127-year-old history of the company |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/godrej-group-division-here-s-a-look-at-127-year-old-history-of-the-company-124050100439_1.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260128120505/https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/godrej-group-division-here-s-a-look-at-127-year-old-history-of-the-company-124050100439_1.html |archive-date=2026-01-28 |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the early years of the business, the company developed indigenous manufacturing capabilities and introduced security products, safes, at a time when such products were largely imported into India. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=7 |url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/why-127-year-old-godrej-group-announced-split-who-gets-what-what-it-means-for-investors-brand-8874887.html |website=News 18}}</ref>

In 1919, Ardeshir Godrej launched the world's first pure-vegetarian soap, made from vegetable oil extracts. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Traveller |first=Condé Nast |date=2020-06-28 |title=The original Made in India success story: a soap so good, even Tagore modelled for it |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/made-india-brand-success-story-soap-good-even-tagore-ad-godrej-swadeshi/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-IN}}</ref> In the early decades of the 20th century, the business expanded into additional product categories.<ref name=":1" />

In 1951, the company was commissioned to manufacture ballot boxes for India’s first general election.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swadeshi to ahimsa, locks to rockets: How Godrej won the nation's trust |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/swadeshi-to-ahimsa-locks-to-rockets-how-godrej-won-the-nations-trust/articleshow/109750352.cms?from=mdr |website=Economic Times}}</ref>

The group diversified into new sectors in the later decades. In 1990, Godrej Properties was established to expand into real estate, followed by the incorporation of Godrej Agrovet in 1991 for agribusiness operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rising Giants: Spotlighting Godrej Agrovet |url=https://marcellus.in/newsletter/rising-giant/rising-giants-spotlighting-godrej-agrovet/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=Marcellus |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Businesses ==
Godrej Industries Group operates through a portfolio of businesses across sectors including agribusiness, real estate, chemicals, financial services, and investments. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-30 |title=The planned split in the Godrej Group: What to expect - PrimeInvestor |url=https://primeinvestor.in/reports/the-planned-split-in-the-godrej-group/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Chettiar |first=Archana |date=2024-05-06 |title=Godrej Industries Split: 6 Things To Know As An Investor - Best Stock Market Blogs & Investment Insights {{!}} Equentis |url=https://www.equentis.com/blog/godrej-industries-split-6-things-to-know-as-an-investor/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Godrej Agrovet Limited operates in the animal feed and agribusiness sectors.<ref name=":4">{{Citation |title=Godrej Agrovet |date=2026-01-03 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godrej_Agrovet&oldid=1330874822 |access-date=2026-04-18 |language=en}}</ref> Its subsidiary Astec Lifesciences operates in agrochemicals, and its joint venture, Godrej Tyson Foods, is engaged in processed poultry products. <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

Godrej Properties Limited is engaged in real estate development, with residential and commercial projects across multiple Indian cities.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Citation |title=Godrej Properties |date=2026-01-26 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godrej_Properties&oldid=1334991024 |access-date=2026-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>

Godrej Chemicals manufactures oleochemicals and related products used in industries including personal care, pharmaceuticals, and food.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

Godrej Capital Limited operates in the financial services sector, offering lending products including housing and personal loans.<ref name=":3" />

The group’s present lending operations, housed under Godrej Capital Limited, encompass Godrej Housing Finance Limited as well as Godrej Finance Limited, which is a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2026-01-14 |title=Godrej incorporates subsidiary to enhance its presence in financial services |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/business/godrej-incorporates-subsidiary-to-enhance-its-presence-in-financial-services-1503540574.html |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

Godrej Consumer Products Limited (GCPL) is an Indian Multinational consumer goods company based in Mumbai, India. GCPL's products include soap, hair colourants, toiletries and liquid detergents. Its brands include 'Cinthol', 'Godrej Fair Glow', 'Godrej No.1' and 'Godrej Shikakai' in soaps, 'Godrej Powder Hair Dye', 'Renew', 'ColourSoft' in hair colourants and 'Ezee' liquid detergent.<ref>{{Citation |title=Godrej Consumer Products |date=2025-09-21 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godrej_Consumer_Products&oldid=1312531074 |access-date=2026-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>

Godrej Ventures is the group’s real estate-focused investment platform, managing investments across real estate assets.<ref name=":3" />

== Corporate structure ==
Godrej Industries Ltd., Godrej Properties Ltd., Godrej Agrovet Ltd., Godrej Consumer Products Ltd., and Godrej Capital Limited operate under the Godrej Industries Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Dipti |date=2024-05-02 |title=Godrej split: What it means for the group's listed companies {{!}} Stock Market News |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/godrej-split-what-it-means-for-the-groups-listed-companies-11714572130234.html |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

The group is chaired by Nadir Godrej and is controlled by Adi Godrej, and their immediate families.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Lalatendu |date=2024-05-01 |title=Godrej family announces ownership realignment, group splits into two |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/godrej-family-announces-ownership-realignment-group-splits-into-two/article68126670.ece |access-date=2026-04-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Pirojsha Godrej serves as Executive Vice Chairperson of Godrej Industries Group and is expected to succeed Nadir Godrej as Chairperson.<ref name=":5" />

The listed companies within the group operate as separate legal entities, with their own management and operational structures.<ref name=":5" />

The company announced plans to transfer its entire stake in Godrej Capital Limited to a wholly owned subsidiary, Godrej FS Limited, subject to shareholder approval, following its quarterly financial results.

== Corporate social responsibility ==
Godrej Industries Group undertakes its sustainability and social responsibility initiatives through programmes focused on environmental sustainability, resource efficiency, and community development.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=https://www.businessworld.in/article/godrej-industries-journey-towards-sustainable-excellence-489721 |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/godrej-industries-journey-towards-sustainable-excellence-489721 |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=BW Businessworld |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Godrej Industries Group, BMC, Bhamla Foundation Launch Awareness Campaign Against Plastic Pollution |url=https://thecsruniverse.com/articles/godrej-industries-group-bmc-bhamla-foundation-launch-awareness-campaign-against-plastic-pollution |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=The CSR Universe |language=en}}</ref>

In 2011, Godrej Industries Group formalised its sustainability framework under the “Good & Green” initiative, which established targets related to emissions reduction, waste management, water conservation, and energy efficiency, along with social objectives including employment generation and public health interventions.<ref name=":6" />

The programme was subsequently expanded to include value chain initiatives involving suppliers, logistics, and consumers, with a focus on promoting sustainable practices beyond the organisation’s operations.<ref name=":6" />

It has committed to reducing absolute emissions in line with science-based targets and has set internal net-zero targets for 2035. It is also a signatory to global climate initiatives and has undertaken measures related to carbon reduction and resource efficiency.<ref name=":6" />

Godrej Industries Group has implemented water conservation programmes in multiple Indian states and reports returning more water to the environment than it withdraws.<ref name=":6" />

In 2025, Godrej Industries Group, in collaboration with the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation, the Bhamla Foundation, and the United Nations Environment Programme, launched the #BeatPlasticPollution campaign to address plastic waste and promote sustainable consumption practices.<ref name=":7" />

Godrej Consumer Products Limited joined hands with the Home Insect Control Association for an initiative that promotes the safe disposal of plastic waste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GCPL and HICA join hands for an initiative to promote plastic waste disposal of household insecticide products |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/gcpl-and-hica-join-hands-for-an-initiative-to-promote-plastic-waste-disposal-of-household-insecticide-products20200203141957/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Corporate Governance ==
The financial results are reviewed by the Audit Committee prior to approval by the Board.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Rising Giants: Spotlighting Godrej Agrovet |url=https://marcellus.in/newsletter/rising-giant/rising-giants-spotlighting-godrej-agrovet/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=Marcellus |language=en-US}}</ref>

The company makes disclosures to stock exchanges, including BSE Limited and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited, in compliance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015.<ref name=":8" />

Regulatory filings are authorised by the Company Secretary and Compliance Officer.

== Leadership ==
Adi Godrej is the Chairman Emeritus of the Godrej Industries Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADI GODREJ {{!}} Latest News, Updates & Articles on ADI GODREJ |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/topic/adi-godrej |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref>

Nadir Godrej serves as Chairman and Managing Director of Godrej Industries Group.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-23 |title=Godrej Industries, the holding company of the Godrej Industries Group, has proposed an extension for its incumbent Chairman and Managing Director Nadir Godrej, ahead of a planned leadership transition later this year. |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/corporate/godrej-industries-seeks-extension-for-chairman-nadir-godrej-ahead-of-planned-leadership-handover |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref>

Pirojsha Godrej serves as Executive Vice Chairperson of Godrej Industries Group, Executive Chairperson of Godrej Properties Limited, and Chairman Designate until Nadir Godrej retires when he turns 75. From 14th August 2026 Nadir Godrej will assume the role of Chairman Emeritus of the Godrej Industries Group.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Lalatendu |date=2026-04-13 |title=Pirojsha Godrej to be new chairperson of Godrej Industries Group |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/pirojsha-godrej-to-be-new-chairperson-of-godrej-industries-group/article70857846.ece |access-date=2026-04-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Tanya Dubash serves as Executive Director and Chief Brand Officer of Godrej Industries Limited.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=e4m |date=2025-03-10 |title=Tanya Dubash: Steering the Godrej Group’s strategies for 3 decades - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/womens-day-news/tanya-dubash-steering-the-godrej-groups-strategies-for-3-decades-141582.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>

Nisaba Godrej serves as Executive Chairperson of Godrej Consumer Products Limited.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Ms. Nisaba Godrej {{!}} Mahindra |url=https://www.mahindra.com/nisaba-godrej |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.mahindra.com |language=en}}</ref>

Burjis Godrej serves as Executive Director of Godrej Agrovet and Managing Director of Astec LifeSciences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Godrej Industries Group’s “National Chemistry Day” charts out roadmap for Indian chemical industry |url=https://www.indianchemicalnews.com/rd/godrej-industries-groups-national-chemistry-day-charts-out-roadmap-for-indian-chemical-industry-27409 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=indianchemicalnews.com}}</ref>

Karan Singh Bolaria serves as Director and Partner at Godrej Ventures and Investment Advisers Private Limited.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karan Singh Bolaria - Profile |url=https://www.thecompanycheck.com/people-profile/karan-singh-bolaria/06618461 |website=The Company Check}}</ref>

Manish Shah serves as Managing Director of Godrej Capital.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Aarav |date=2026-01-14 |title=Godrej Industries Restructures Financials, Eyes Wealth Management Boom |url=https://www.whalesbook.com/news/English/bankingfinance/Godrej-Industries-Restructures-Financials-Eyes-Wealth-Management-Boom/696746a14f039d7290ac1248 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Whalesbook |language=en}}</ref>

Vishal Sharma serves as Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of Godrej Industries Limited (Chemicals).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Godrej Industries Group’s “National Chemistry Day” charts out roadmap for Indian chemical industry |url=https://www.indianchemicalnews.com/rd/godrej-industries-groups-national-chemistry-day-charts-out-roadmap-for-indian-chemical-industry-27409 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=indianchemicalnews.com}}</ref>

Sumit Mitra serves as Group Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO) of Godrej Industries Group.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://hr.economictimes.indiatimes.com/videos/chro-club-s2-episode-9-128-years-of-godrej-a-lesson-on-evolution-values-and-people-first-leadership-chroclub/124045150 |title=CHRO Club S2 Episode 9 {{!}} 128 Years of Godrej: A Lesson on Evolution, Values, and People-First Leadership #CHROClub {{!}} ETHRWorld |date=2025-09-22 |last=www.ETHRWorld.com |language=en |access-date=2026-04-21 |via=hr.economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

== Financial performance ==
For the financial year ended March 31, 2025 (FY25), Godrej Industries Group reported total revenue of ₹219,241 million.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=GODREJ INDUSTRIES 2024-25 Annual Report Analysis |url=https://www.equitymaster.com/research-it/annual-results-analysis/GDSP/GODREJ-INDUSTRIES-2024%2D25-Annual-Report-Analysis/12483/}}</ref>

Profit after tax for FY25 stood at ₹18,582 million.<ref name=":9" />

== Awards ==
Astec LifeSciences Limited, a subsidiary of Godrej Agrovet, was awarded the EcoVadis Gold Medal for sustainability and environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance, placing it among the top 5% of companies assessed globally. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hopkins |first=Matt |date=2026-01-14 |title=India: Astec LifeSciences Awarded EcoVadis Gold Medal for Exceptional Sustainability and ESG Performance |url=https://www.agribusinessglobal.com/sustainability/india-astec-lifesciences-awarded-ecovadis-gold-medal-for-exceptional-sustainability-and-esg-performance/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=AgriBusiness Global |language=en-US}}</ref>

Godrej Industries Group was shortlisted at the SABRE Awards South Asia 2025 in the “Company of the Year” category for its campaign “From Stories to Leadership: Building Reputation the Godrej Way” [ 24] The group was also shortlisted in the “Corporate Image” category at the SABRE Awards South Asia 2025 for the same campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 SABRE South Asia Finalists |url=https://www.provokemedia.com/events-awards/sabre-awards/sabre-awards-south-asia/2025-sabre-south-asia-finalists |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=PRovoke Media |language=en}}</ref>

Godrej Consumer Products Limited, a subsidiary of Godrej Industries Group, was ranked first globally in the personal products category on the Dow Jones Best-in-Class Indices 2025, based on S&P Global’s Corporate Sustainability Assessment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Godrej Consumer Products Named World's No.1 in Personal Products Sector on Dow Jones Best-in-Class Indices 2025 |url=https://thewire.in/ptiprnews/godrej-consumer-products-named-worlds-no-1-in-personal-products-sector-on-dow-jones-best-in-class-indices-2025 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

Godrej Industries Group won eight awards, including seven golds, at the BW Marketing World Excel Awards 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Godrej Industries Group Shines At BW Excel Awards With 8 Wins, Including 7 Golds |url=https://www.bwmarketingworld.com/article/godrej-industries-group-shines-at-bw-excel-awards-with-8-wins-including-7-golds-551618 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=BW Marketing World |language=en}}</ref>

== Key people ==

* Adi Godrej (Chairman Emeritus of the Godrej Group)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADI GODREJ {{!}} Latest News, Updates & Articles on ADI GODREJ |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/topic/adi-godrej |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref>
* Nadir Godrej (Chairperson and Managing Director of the Godrej Industries Group)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Et Edge. conferences/family-business/speakers/nadir-godrej/ |url=https://et-edge.com/conferences/family-business/speakers/nadir-godrej/ |website=Et Edge}}</ref>
* Pirojsha Godrej (Executive Vice-Chairperson of the Godrej Industries Group)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-08 |title=Post-Covid surge stabilises: Godrej Properties executive chairperson says Indian housing market remains strong |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/post-covid-surge-stabilises-godrej-properties-executive-chairperson-says-indian-housing-market-remains-strong/articleshow/128069499.cms |access-date=2026-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* Nisaba Godrej (Executive Chairperson of Godrej Consumer Products Limited)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Ms. Nisaba Godrej {{!}} Mahindra |url=https://www.mahindra.com/nisaba-godrej |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.mahindra.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Tanya Dubash (Chief Brand Officer and Executive Director of the Godrej Industries Group)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=e4m |date=2025-03-10 |title=Tanya Dubash: Steering the Godrej Group’s strategies for 3 decades - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/womens-day-news/tanya-dubash-steering-the-godrej-groups-strategies-for-3-decades-141582.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Godrej Group}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}

[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Chemical companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1963]]
[[Category:Godrej Group]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Chemical companies established in 1963]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Hallihole

2026-04-21T12:34:48Z

Vernell29N: creating new stub w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hallihole
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt = Hallihole RAITHARA SEVA SAHAKARI SANGHA
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udupi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts = [[Byndoor]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Village Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2328
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 576232
| registration_plate =KA
| website =
}}

''' Hallihole ''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://panchamitra.kar.nic.in/MainMenu.aspx?gp=1526002017&gpname=%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86 |title=Hallihole Byndoor Taluk|website= panchamitra.kar.nic.in|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> is a village situated in [[Byndoor Taluk]], [[Udupi]] District . Village has population of 2328 as per census data of 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2915_PART_B_DCHB_UDUPI.pdf |title=Census India Hallihole Byndoor Taluk|website= censusindia.gov.in|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> in which male population is 1103 and female population is 1225. Total geographical area of Hallihole village is 2930.23 hectares. Population density of Hallihole is 1 person per hectare. Total number of house hold in village is 495.
As per the Census Data 2011 there are 1111 females per 1000 males out of 2328 total population of village. There are 1470 girls per 1000 boys under 6 years of age in the village.
Out of total population total 1548 people in Hallihole Village are literate, among them 816 are male and 732 are female in the village. Total literacy rate of Hallihole is 72.92%, for male literacy is 80% and for female literacy rate is 66.36%.

The village has several primary and middle schools, and one Private school is there GLPS Devarbalu Hallihole.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://schools.org.in/udupi/29160401302/glps-devarabalu-hallihole.html |title=CGlps Devarabalu Hallihole School Byndoor Taluk|website= schools.org.in|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> Most of the teaching is done in either English or Kannada.
This village has one Grameena bank Karnataka vikas grameena bank <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allbankifsccode.co.in/bank/contact-number/karnataka-vikas-grameena-bank/KVGB0008102
|title=Karnataka Vikasa Grameena Bank Hallihole Byndoor Taluk|website= allbankifsccode.co.in|access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref>
Village has one Government Primary Healthcare Centre,

==See also==
* [[Byndoor]]
* [[Udupi]]
* [[Kundapura]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

{{Settlements in Udupi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Udupi district]]

{{Udupi-geo-stub}}

Kanhaiya Lal Jhanwar

2026-04-19T22:22:38Z

Vernell29N: creating initial pg v1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2008
| term_end = 2013
| constituency = [[Nokha, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Nokha]]
| predecessor = [[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
| successor = [[Rameshwar Lal Dudi]]
}}
'''Kanhaiya Lal Jhanwar''' is an Indian politician from [[Rajasthan]]. He is a former member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]], and was elected to represent [[Nokha, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Nokha Assembly Constituency]] in [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]] as an [[Independent Politician]].
He had to face defeat in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kanhaiyalal Jhanwar, VM Candidate from Nokha Assembly Election |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/rajasthan/kanhaiyalal-jhanwar-assembly-candidate-s20aed2008a018e2023c005/ |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 2023 |title=नोखा में कन्हैया लाल झंवर ने भरा नामांकन:कार्यकर्ताओं के साथ पहुंचे एसडीएम कार्यालय, 2008 में जीता था निर्दलीय चुनाव |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bikaner/nokha/news/kanhaiya-lal-jhanwar-filed-nomination-in-nokha-132093033.html |access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dinesh Makwana

2026-04-19T05:42:27Z

Vernell29N: creating new stub v1 - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dinesh Makwana
| image =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad West]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| office1 = Deputy Mayor [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]]<ref name="Bijal Patel is mayor, Makwana her deputy">{{cite news |newspaper=The Times of India |title=Bijal Patel is mayor, Makwana her deputy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/bijal-patel-is-mayor-makwana-her-deputy/articleshow/64593593.cms |access-date=19 July 2024 |date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719032959/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/bijal-patel-is-mayor-makwana-her-deputy/articleshow/64593593.cms |archive-date=19 July 2024}}</ref>
| term_start1 = 2018 - 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|12|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| parents = Kodarbhai Dhulabhai Makwana, Maniben
| spouse = Anjana Dineshbhai Makwana
| children = 1 Daughter
| preceded = [[Kirit Premjibhai Solanki|Kiritbhai Solanki]]
}}

'''Dineshbhai Kodarbhai Makwana''' (b 1969) is an Indian politician who was elected as a member of the [[18th Lok Sabha|Eighteenth Lok Sabha of India]]. He is representing the [[Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency]] of [[Gujarat]] and is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="BJP’s Dineshbhai Kodarbhai Makwana Wins Ahmedabad West With 6.1 Lakh Votes">{{cite news |last1=TimelineDaily |title=BJP's Dineshbhai Kodarbhai Makwana Wins Ahmedabad West With 6.1 Lakh Votes |url=https://timelinedaily.com/lok-sabha-election-2024/bjps-dineshbhai-kodarbhai-makwana-wins-ahmedabad-west-with-6-1-lakh-votes |access-date=19 July 2024 |date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719025849/https://timelinedaily.com/lok-sabha-election-2024/bjps-dineshbhai-kodarbhai-makwana-wins-ahmedabad-west-with-6-1-lakh-votes |archive-date=19 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Ahmedabad West">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Ahmedabad West |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S068.htm |access-date=19 July 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719033058/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S068.htm |archive-date=19 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="It’s Makwana Vs Makwana in Ahmedabad West LS seat">{{cite news |title=It's Makwana Vs Makwana in Ahmedabad West LS seat |url=https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/its-makwana-vs-makwana-in-ahmedabad-west-ls-seat |access-date=19 July 2024 |work= |date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719033355/https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/its-makwana-vs-makwana-in-ahmedabad-west-ls-seat |archive-date=19 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat elect 10 new faces for Lok Sabha">{{cite news |newspaper=The Indian Express |title=Gujarat elect 10 new faces for Lok Sabha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/the-lok-sabha-election-results-new-gujarat-faces-9374797/ |access-date=19 July 2024 |date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719033452/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/the-lok-sabha-election-results-new-gujarat-faces-9374797/ |archive-date=19 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Makwana, Dinesh}}
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:1969 births]]

Kharar Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T07:27:41Z

Vernell29N: creating first stub initial version

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kharar
| map_image = 52-Kharar.svg
| mla = [[Anmol Gagan Maan]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Mohali district|Mohali]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Anandpur Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anandpur Sahib]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:266514}}<ref name="electorate2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceopunjab.gov.in/DownLoadDocument?t=2294&l=En&q=election |title=Voter Turnout Report - General Elections to Punjab Vidhan Sabha, 2022 |publisher=Chief Election Officer, Punjab |access-date=13 March 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214084523/https://ceopunjab.gov.in/DownLoadDocument?t=2294&l=En&q=election |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 52
}}
'''Kharar Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 52) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Kharar, Mohali|Kharar]] [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
Anmol Gagan Maan of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] is the incumbent MLA.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|1997
| Daljeet Kaur
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|2002
| [[Bir Devinder Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|2007
| Balbir Singh
|-
|2012
| [[Jagmohan Singh Kang]]
|-
|2017
| [[Kanwar Sandhu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2022
|[[Anmol Gagan Maan]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Kharar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Anmol Gagan Maan]]|votes={{formatnum:78273}}|percentage=44.30|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=[[Ranjit Singh Gill]]|votes={{formatnum:40388}}|percentage=22.86|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Vijay Sharma|votes={{formatnum:25291}}|percentage=14.31|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Kamal Deep Singh|votes={{formatnum:15249}}|percentage=8.63|change={{New}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|candidate=Lakhvir Singh|votes={{formatnum:7198}}|percentage=4.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes={{formatnum:735}}|percentage=0.42|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:37885}}|percentage= 21.44
|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:176684}}|percentage=66.1|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:267179}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Kharar<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kanwar Sandhu]]
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:54171}}
|percentage = 33.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Jagmohan Singh Kang]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:52159}}
|percentage = 32.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ranjit Singh Gill
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:46807}}
|percentage = 29.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Harbhajan Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2619}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:2012}}
|percentage = 1.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:158419}}
|percentage = 71.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:222075}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2012 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2012]]: Kharar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Jagmohan Singh Kang]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:49451}}
|percentage = 37.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ujjagar Singh
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:42670}}
|percentage = 31.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arjan Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:22884}}
|percentage = 17.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:6779}}
|percentage = 5.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:133592}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:173220}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mohali district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|30.75|76.65|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Mohali district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Punjab, India]]

Sonichera Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:31:02Z

Vernell29N: Starting First Pg Basic Info...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sonichera
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1971
| abolished = 1976
| electors = 13,198
| mla = Radha Raman Nath
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Sonichera Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Radha Raman Nath || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonichera<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Nath |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,637 |percentage=33.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matin Chowdhury |party=Independent politician |votes=1,551 |percentage=19.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukta Chand Singha |party=Independent politician |votes=1,334 |percentage=17.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Purnendujit Rajkumar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,238 |percentage=15.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mandalal Nama |party=Independent politician |votes=345 |percentage=4.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramani Mohan Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=323 |percentage=4.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Krishna Sarma |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=292 |percentage=3.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subodh Chandra Dhar |party=Independent politician |votes=127 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,086 |percentage=13.84% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,847 |percentage=61.18% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,198 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}
{{coord|24.38|92.23|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 disestablishments in India]]

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Matanhy Saldanha

2026-04-16T04:30:06Z

Vernell29N: created initial article added tags - done

{{short description|Indian politician and social activist (1948–2012)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Matanhy Saldanha
| image = Matanhy Saldanha.jpg
| caption =
| resting_place = St. Thomas Church cemetery, Cansaulim, Goa, India
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|15|20|57.61|N|73|53|44.54|E|display=inline,title}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1948|10|24|df=yes}}
| office = [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Member of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Cortalim Assembly constituency|Cortalim]]
| predecessor1 = [[Mauvin Godinho]]
| successor1 = Mauvin Godinho
| term_start1 = 2002
| term_end1 = 2007
| term_start2 = 2012
| term_end2 = 2012
| predecessor2 = Mauvin Godinho
| successor2 = [[Alina Saldanha]]
| constituency2 = Cortalim
| birth_name = José Matanhy de Saldanha
| birth_place = [[Carmona, Goa|Carmona]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2012|03|21|1948|10|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Campal]], Goa, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Teacher|social activist|journalist|politician}}
| spouse = [[Alina Saldanha]]
| other_party = [[United Goans Democratic Party]] (2002–2007)
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] (2012–2012)
}}

'''José Matanhy de Saldanha''' ([[Konkani language|Konkani]]: Juze Matani de Saldanea; 24 October 1948 – 21 March 2012) was an Indian social activist, journalist, school teacher and former two-term member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Cortalim Assembly constituency]]. He campaigned for [[Goan]] identity, values, and culture. Saldanha also served as a Cabinet Minister in the [[Government of Goa]] with portfolios of Tourism as well as Science and Environment.<ref>{{cite news |title=Goa's new Tourism Minister dies after heart attack |date=21 March 2012 |publisher=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/goas-new-tourism-minister-dies-after-heart-attack-472624 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026140749/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/goas-new-tourism-minister-dies-after-heart-attack-472624 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Matanhy was born on 24 October 1948, to Jacinto de Saldanha and Maria Alacoque Viegas in Carmona, Goa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri. Matanhy Saldanha |publisher=Goa Legislative Assembly |url=http://goaassembly.gov.in/member.php?id=81&flag=MLA&aid=7 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=30 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530064115/http://goaassembly.gov.in/member.php?id=81&flag=MLA&aid=7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He studied at various schools, and studied at the S. Tomas School in his native village of [[Cansaulim]]. He later pursued higher studies in [[Christ College, Bangalore]], where, aged around 17, he would share the money sent to him by his father with the poor, and teach them ways to be self-sufficient. He also studied in [[Belgaum]].{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

Matanhy had degrees in Science and Education.<ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy set to battle for S Goa seat |date=20 April 2009 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Matanhy-set-to-battle-for-S-Goa-seat/articleshow/4421987.cms |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804174245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Matanhy-set-to-battle-for-S-Goa-seat/articleshow/4421987.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He also obtained a master's degree in Arts (Political Science) from the Bombay University (now, [[University of Mumbai]]) in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha 2009: Matanhy Saldanha |publisher=National Election Watch |url=http://myneta.info/ls2009/candidate.php?candidate_id=3215 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=19 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419142528/http://myneta.info/ls2009/candidate.php?candidate_id=3215 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Social activism==
Besides being a teacher at the Don Bosco High School in [[Panjim]] from around June 1974/5 to October 2008, Matanhy also took up the causes of the poor and downtrodden.<ref name="targetgoa birthday">{{cite news |author=Prajal Sakhardande |title=Today is Matanhy's birthday..... |date=24 October 2014 |publisher=targetgoa.com |url=http://www.targetgoa.com/PRAJAL-SAKHARDANDE/Today-is-Matanhy-s-birthday/1614 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In the 1970s, Matanhy campaigned for the ''Ramponnkars'',<ref name="targetgoa birthday"/> (traditional fisherman of [[Goa]]) to prevent trawlers from fishing within 50 metres of the shore. He formed the '''''Goenchea Ramponnkarancho Ekvott''''' (Association of Goa's Traditional Fisherfolk) and helped stop the discharge of effluents from the Zuari Agro Chemicals factory into the [[Arabian Sea]], near Velsao. The pollution was killing fish, the staple food of Goans. His campaign was described as Goa's first successful movement against industrial pollution.<ref name="targetgoa mourns">{{cite news |author=Roland Martins |title=GOACAN mourns the death of Mathany Saldanha |date=23 March 2012 |publisher=targetgoa.com |url=http://www.targetgoa.com/goabuzzdet.php?bzid=3578&&id=3 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113232/http://www.targetgoa.com/goabuzzdet.php?bzid=3578&&id=3 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the late 1970s, with Urbano Lobo and others, he campaigned against the destruction, for mining, of the [[sand dunes]] on the beaches of Goa.<ref name="targetgoa mourns"/> Matanhy was also associated with the Konkani Language Movement in Goa. He was himself a member of the konkani Bhasha Mandal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy Saldhana expired after massive heart attack |date=21 March 2012 |publisher=goanews |url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=1987 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022755/http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=1987 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the early 1990s, Matanhy protested against [[Nylon 6,6]] and, in the late 1990s, against the smelting plant, Meta-Strips. Matanhy was also associated with other movements like the [[Konkan Railway]] re-alignment issue<ref>{{cite web |title=Is it on the right track? |publisher=DownToEarth |url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/indepth/is-it-on-the-right-track-30296 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923220517/http://www.downtoearth.org.in/indepth/is-it-on-the-right-track-30296 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the anti-[[Special Economic Zone]] agitation. He was the convenor of the anti-SEZ group, called the "Goa's Movement Against Special Economic Zones (GMAS)".<ref>{{cite news |date=24 December 2007 |title=Anti-SEZ agitators warn tourists in Goa |author=Prakash Kamat |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/antisez-agitators-warn-tourists-in-goa/article1973782.ece |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804174410/https://de.tynt.com/deb/?m=xch&rt=html&id=0010b00002T3JniAAF&ru=https%3A%2F%2Fsync.adtelligent.com%2Fcsync%3Ft%3Dg%26ep%3D58%26traffic_source%3Dsnippet%26session%3D13E6F57A0663AFE1%26sp%3D852559%26pb%3D753264%26c%3D763280%26a%3D304056%26domain%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2FAnti-SEZ-agitators-warn-tourists-in-Goa%2Farticle14900945.ece%26extuid%3D33XUSERID33X |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy doubts Centre's SEZ intentions |date=15 August 2010 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Matanhy-doubts-Centres-SEZ-intentions/articleshow/6313582.cms |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804174311/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Matanhy-doubts-Centres-SEZ-intentions/articleshow/6313582.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Saldanha was an active participant of the [[Goa Special Status]] movement and believed that Special Status to Goa was needed in order to preserve the state's unique culture and identity.<ref>{{cite news |title=Goa was deceived on special status: Matanhy |date=16 December 2011 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Goa-was-deceived-on-special-status-Matanhy/articleshow/11125744.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Give special status for Goa: Matanhy |date=29 August 2008 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Give-special-status-for-Goa-Matanhy/articleshow/3420099.cms |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804174250/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Give-special-status-for-Goa-Matanhy/articleshow/3420099.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy criticises Cong over special status |date=17 April 2009 |newspaper=Herald Goa |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/matanhy-criticises-cong-over-special-status/26393.html |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025812/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/matanhy-criticises-cong-over-special-status/26393.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Political career==
In the late 1970s, Matanhy established the "Gomantak Lok Poxx" party.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 March 2012 |title=The Matanhy Saldanha I Knew |author=Lionel Messias |newspaper=Outlook India |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-matanhy-saldanha-i-knew/280358 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132736/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-matanhy-saldanha-i-knew/280358 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 2000, Matanhy was elected to the [[South Goa]] Zilla Panchayat. In 2002, he was elected as a member of the legislative assembly from Cortalim constituency<ref name=results2002>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3853-goa-2002/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2002 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 31 May 2022}}</ref> as a candidate of the [[United Goans Democratic Party]] (UGDP).<ref>{{cite news |title=Mathany, the principled social activist |date=21 March 2012 |author=Miguel Braganza |url=http://www.targetgoa.com/goabuzzdet.php?bzid=3562&&id=3 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113230/http://www.targetgoa.com/goabuzzdet.php?bzid=3562&&id=3 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2004, he was inducted in the Cabinet of the [[Government of Goa]] headed by then [[Chief Minister of Goa]], [[Manohar Parrikar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Minor changes in Goa Cabinet |date=15 June 2004 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/06/15/stories/2004061502601300.htm}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He was given the portfolios of Tourism as well as Sports and Youth Affairs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Minister to streamline Tourism Department |date=14 July 2004 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/07/14/stories/2004071403010300.htm}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In February 2005, then [[Governor of Goa]] [[S. C. Jamir]] dismissed the [[Manohar Parrikar]]-led government after high allegations in the state legislature.<ref name="Frontline Goan drama">{{cite news |title=Goan drama |author=Anil Sastry |date=12–25 February 2005 |work=Frontline |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2204/stories/20050225005112100.htm |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804174246/https://frontline.thehindu.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Parrikar govt dismissed in Goa |author=Sandesh Prabhudesai |date=2 February 2005 |work=rediff.com |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/feb/02goa3.htm |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155437/http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/feb/02goa3.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[United Goans Democratic Party]] (which Saldanha represented in the Assembly) withdrew support to the Parrikar government. Parrikar was asked to prove his majority, by the Governor. Though the UGDP withdrew support, Saldanha, who was away in Spain on an official visit at the time of the political developments, contradicted the party's stand and conveyed his support to the Parrikar government. He sent a fax message to the Governor pledging his "unconditional and unqualified support" to the Parrikar government.<ref name="Frontline Goan drama"/> After Parrikar's dismissal, [[Pratapsingh Rane]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] was sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Goa]].

Saldanha was disqualified by then Speaker of the Goa Legislature, [[Francisco Sardinha]], in August 2005 upon a disqualification petition filed against him by Jitendra Deshprabhu, spokesperson of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Another MLA disqualified in Goa |date=10 August 2005 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/aug102005/national14242200589.asp |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205043/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/aug102005/national14242200589.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, the Goa Bench of the [[Bombay High Court]] set aside Matanhy's disqualification in 2011.{{Verify source|date=August 2021}}

Matanhy unsuccessfully contested the elections to the [[15th Lok Sabha]] from the [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)]] as a candidate of the [[United Goans Democratic Party]] (UGDP).<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>

In January 2012, Matanhy quit the [[United Goans Democratic Party]] (UGDP) due to UGDP forming an alliance with the Goa Vikas Party.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 January 2012 |title=GVP-UGDP: Advantage BJP |publisher=goanews |url=http://www.goanews.com/blogs_disp.php?bpid=293 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626212952/http://www.goanews.com/blogs_disp.php?bpid=293 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy quits UGDP over Cortalim; to join BJP? |date=12 January 2012 |publisher=goanews |url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=1834 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022752/http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=1834 |url-status=live }}</ref> He later joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy Saldanha joins BJP |date=14 January 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/matanhy-saldanha-joins-bjp/article2800664.ece |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804174315/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/matanhy-saldanha-joins-bjp/article13365696.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> and contested as a BJP candidate from the Cortalim constituency in the [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=results2012>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3856-goa-2012/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 31 May 2022}}</ref>

After the BJP gained majority in the [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election]], [[Manohar Parrikar]] was sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Goa]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Goa: Manohar Parrikar sworn in as Chief Minister |date=9 March 2012 |publisher=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/assembly/goa-manohar-parrikar-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-470837 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930091954/http://www.ndtv.com/assembly/goa-manohar-parrikar-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-470837 |url-status=live }}</ref> He inducted Matanhy Saldanha in his Cabinet.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manohar Parrikar sworn in as Goa CM |date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=dna India |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-manohar-parrikar-sworn-in-as-goa-cm-1660265 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924234252/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-manohar-parrikar-sworn-in-as-goa-cm-1660265 |url-status=live }}</ref> Saldanha was allotted the portfolios of Tourism as well as Science and Environment.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

After Matanhy died in harness, his widow Alina Saldanha contested by-elections from the Cortalim constituency as a BJP candidate and was elected unopposed to the Goa State Legislature.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alina to be a minister within a fortnight: CM |date=21 May 2012 |publisher=goanews |url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=2189 |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022757/http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=2189 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was later sworn in as a Cabinet Minister in the Parrikar government.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2012 |title=Alina Saldanha sworn in as Cabinet Minister |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/alina-saldanha-sworn-in-as-cabinet-minister/article3507878.ece |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804174848/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/alina-saldanha-sworn-in-as-cabinet-minister/article3507878.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Alina Saldanha holds the portfolios of Museums, Environment and Forests.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Minister: Smt. Alina Saldanha |publisher=Goa Vidhansabha |url=http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member.php?id=159&flag=CM |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022739/http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member.php?id=159&flag=CM |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Death and burial==
[[File:Matanhy Saldanha statue.jpg|thumb|right|Matanhy Saldanha statue]]
After attending the ''[[shigmo|xigmo]]'' (spring festival) in [[Canacona]] the previous night, Matanhy suffered a massive heart attack in the early hours of 21 March 2012, and died at 3 am in [[Campal]], [[Goa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/content/tourism-environment-and-forest-minister-matanhy-saldhana-breathes-his-last-early-wednesday-m |title=Tourism, Environment and Forest Minister Matanhy Saldhana breathes his last on early Wednesday morning after suffering a massive Heart Attack | iGoa |publisher=Navhindtimes.in |accessdate=2012-03-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424004924/http://www.navhindtimes.in/content/tourism-environment-and-forest-minister-matanhy-saldhana-breathes-his-last-early-wednesday-m |archivedate=24 April 2012 }}</ref> He was buried at the cemetery of the Catholic Church of [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas]], in his native village of [[Cansaulim]], in the evening of 24 March 2012. His funeral mass was led by the [[Patriarch of the East Indies|Archbishop Patriarch]] of Goa e Damão, [[Filipe Neri Ferrão]] and around 100 priests. The funeral was attended by around 10,000 people. In her eulogy, his wife [[Alina Saldanha]] said he wished to live after death. This was based on his faith in the Catholic Church's teachings.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==Legacy==
A statue of Matanhy Saldanha was inaugurated by the then [[Chief Minister of Goa]], [[Manohar Parrikar]] at Cansaulim on 24 October 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy Saldanha stands tall at Cansaulim |date=25 October 2014 |newspaper=Herald Goa |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Matanhy-Saldanha-stands-tall-at-Cansaulim/80154.html |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=25 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725220719/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Matanhy-Saldanha-stands-tall-at-Cansaulim/80154.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Matanhy Saldanha stands tall at Cansaulim |date=25 October 2014 |publisher=GOACOM |url=http://www.goacom.com/goa-news-highlights/23140-matanhy-saldanha-stands-tall-at-cansaulim |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726002926/http://www.goacom.com/goa-news-highlights/23140-matanhy-saldanha-stands-tall-at-cansaulim |archivedate=26 July 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[South Goa]] District Collectorate Building in [[Fatorda]], [[Margao]] was named in honour of Matanhy as the "Matanhy Saldanha Administrative Complex".<ref>{{cite news |title=South Goa collectorate named after Matanhy |date=31 May 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/South-Goa-collectorate-named-after-Matanhy/articleshow/20358438.cms |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101125546/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/South-Goa-collectorate-named-after-Matanhy/articleshow/20358438.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=South collectorate named after Matanhy Saldanha |date=31 May 2013 |newspaper=Herald Goa |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/south-collectorate-named-after-matanhy-saldanha/51889.html |access-date=25 July 2015 |archive-date=25 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725230041/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/south-collectorate-named-after-matanhy-saldanha/51889.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saldanha, Jose Matanhy}}
[[Category:Activists from Goa]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:United Goans Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2012–2017]]

Kanina Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:05Z

Vernell29N: creating first data first draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kanina Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
|state = [[Haryana]]
|established = 1967
|abolished = 1972
|electors = 60,804
|mla = Dalip Singh
|party = {{Party index link|Vishal Haryana Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Kanina Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=3 | Dalip Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || {{Full party name with color|Vishal Haryana Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanina<ref>{{Cite web|title=🗳️ Haryana Assembly Election 1972: LIVE Election Results, Election Dates, Schedule, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News Updates, Exit Polls, Analysis & Statistics on Assembly Election|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|access-date=2021-07-28|website=LatestLY|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723231520/https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|archive-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=20,261 |percentage=54.18% |change={{decrease}}9.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,134 |percentage=45.82% |change={{increase}}12.24 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,127 |percentage=8.36% |change= {{decrease}}21.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,395 |percentage=63.40% |change= {{increase}}5.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,804 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.55 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Vishal Haryana Party |loser=Vishal Haryana Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanina<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1968 |archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420012759/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=18,413 |percentage=63.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lal Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,700 |percentage=33.58% |change={{decrease}}5.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=390 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chiranji |party=Independent politician |votes=385 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,713 |percentage=30.16% |change= {{increase}}13.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,888 |percentage=58.28% |change= {{decrease}}5.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,727 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Vishal Haryana Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}7.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kanina<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1967|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Elections in India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228150129/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=17,381 |percentage=56.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Dhar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,236 |percentage=39.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes=1,014 |percentage=3.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=335 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,145 |percentage=16.61% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,966 |percentage=64.79% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,134 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{coord|28.29|N|76.20|E|display=inline,title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Haryana}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1972]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:1972 disestablishments in India]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}

Noorabad Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:13Z

Vernell29N: put up a entry...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Noorabad
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]
| established = 1962
| abolished = 2018
| type= SLA
}}
'''Noorabad''' was a legislative constituency in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. Noorabad was also part of [[Anantnag (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag Lok Sabha constituency]] until its dissolution.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate=2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Noorabad Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/noorabad.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[Ghulam Hussain Khan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Abdul Aziz Zargar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Abdul Aziz Zargar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[Wali Mohammad Itoo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| [[Abdul Aziz Zargar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| [[Abdul Aziz Zargar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[Sakina Itoo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Abdul Aziz Zargar]]
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Sakina Itoo]]
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Abdul Majid Padder]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Majid Padder]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=28,698 |percentage=48.36% |change={{increase}}22.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sakina Itoo]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=24,990 |percentage=42.11% |change={{increase}}6.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manzoor Ahmad Zargar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,410 |percentage=2.38% |change={{decrease}}21.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=750 |percentage=1.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad Doie |party=Independent politician |votes=725 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad Malik |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=648 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdur Rahman Magrey |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=474 |percentage=0.80% |change={{decrease}}0.00 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,708 |percentage=6.25% |change= {{decrease}}3.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,339 |percentage=80.89% |change= {{increase}}6.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,355 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.93 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}13.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sakina Itoo]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=16,240 |percentage=35.23% |change={{increase}}8.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Zargar |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=11,722 |percentage=25.43% |change={{decrease}}4.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Majid Padder]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,156 |percentage=24.20% |change={{increase}}9.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulzar Ahmad Dar |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference |votes=3,043 |percentage=6.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad Malik |party=Independent politician |votes=956 |percentage=2.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=606 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arshid Hussain Baba |party=Independent politician |votes=502 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manzoor Ahmad Dar |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=429 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Syed Gowher Rashid Andrabi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=370 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majeed Parray |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=323 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,518 |percentage=9.80% |change= {{increase}}7.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,092 |percentage=74.10% |change= {{increase}}50.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,202 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}5.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Zargar |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=3,616 |percentage=29.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sakina Itoo|Sakeena Akhtar]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=3,301 |percentage=27.15% |change={{decrease}}25.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Majid Padder]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,790 |percentage=14.72% |change={{increase}}9.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mehar Noor Ahamad |party=Independent politician |votes=1,716 |percentage=14.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atta Mohammed |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=936 |percentage=7.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Malik |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=310 |percentage=2.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Altaf Ahmad Padder |party=Independent politician |votes=302 |percentage=2.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulzar Dar |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=186 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=315 |percentage=2.59% |change= {{decrease}}17.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,157 |percentage=23.41% |change= {{decrease}}33.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,946 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.69 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}23.38 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sakina Itoo|Sakeena Akhtar]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=12,553 |percentage=53.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulzar Dar |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,694 |percentage=32.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. R. Lone |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,138 |percentage=4.82% |change={{decrease}}71.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G.R. Parray |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami League |votes=810 |percentage=3.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dilawar Naik |party=Independent politician |votes=807 |percentage=3.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=629 |percentage=2.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,859 |percentage=20.56% |change= {{decrease}}35.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,631 |percentage=58.70% |change= {{decrease}}23.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,329 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.69 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}23.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Zargar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,132 |percentage=76.51% |change={{increase}}43.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad Malik |party=Independent politician |votes=7,430 |percentage=20.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aman Gull |party=Independent politician |votes=538 |percentage=1.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Syed Akbar Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=362 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,702 |percentage=55.56% |change= {{increase}}33.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,462 |percentage=82.33% |change= {{increase}}4.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,821 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.23 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}22.15 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wali Mohammad Itoo]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=15,846 |percentage=54.36% |change={{decrease}}4.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Zargar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,548 |percentage=32.75% |change={{increase}}6.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=2,713 |percentage=9.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=1,045 |percentage=3.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,298 |percentage=21.60% |change= {{decrease}}10.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,152 |percentage=79.97% |change= {{increase}}8.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,029 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.37 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}4.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wali Mohammad Itoo]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=12,407 |percentage=58.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Zargar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,589 |percentage=26.47% |change={{decrease}}67.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Malid Matoo |party=Janata Party |votes=2,538 |percentage=12.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamid Ullah Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=581 |percentage=2.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,818 |percentage=32.29% |change= {{decrease}}55.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,115 |percentage=71.74% |change= {{decrease}}9.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,825 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}35.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Zargar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,815 |percentage=93.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Sheikh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,454 |percentage=5.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,361 |percentage=88.23% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,345 |percentage=79.40% |change= {{increase}}78.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,332 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.10 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Zargar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,634 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,634 |change= {{increase}}20.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Noorabad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[Ghulam Hussain Khan]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=24,594 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,594 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Pampore]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord|33.84|74.78|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kulgam district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 disestablishments in India]]

List of political self-immolations

2026-03-29T13:37:44Z

Vernell29N: rework lead further and fixed typos for consistency

{{Short description|Listing of politically motivated suicides}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2012}}
[[File:Thích Quảng Đức self-immolation.jpg|upright=1.5|thumb|The self-immolation of [[Thích Quảng Đức]], done in protest against [[Persecution of Buddhists#Vietnam|Buddhist persecution by Christians]] in [[South Vietnam]]]]

This is a list of notable people who committed [[self-immolation]] (the act of setting themselves on fire) for political reasons. Non-political self-immolations are not included in the list.

== Background ==

Self-immolation is commonly understood as suicide by means of fire, although some scholars refer to the practice using the term "auto-cremation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Self-immolation as political protest: a brief modern history|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/bushnell-self-immolation-deaths-1.7126655|language=en}}</ref> The act of self-immolation has historical roots extending back centuries. Self-immolation was undertaken by a group of Christians around 300 A.D., who chose to burn themselves before Roman authorities could enact an execution order issued by Emperor [[Diocletian]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=Burga |first1=Solcyré |title=The History of Self-Immolation as Political Protest|magazine=TIME |date=February 26, 2024 |url=https://time.com/6835364/self-immolation-history-israel-hamas-war/|language=en}}</ref> Jack Downey, a professor of religious studies at the University of Rochester who specializes in the study of self-immolation as a form of protest, notes that there has long been debate over whether the act's extreme nature ultimately overshadows or detracts from the intended message of the protest itself.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hernandez |first1=Joe |title=Why self-immolation has been used by political protesters for decades
|work=NPR |date=February 27, 2024 |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/02/27/1233985097/self-immolation-political-protesters-history-aaron-bushnell|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/25/world.iran |title=Parents mourn 'brave girl' who set herself on fire in memory of uncle |first=Jeevan |last=Vasagar |date=24 June 2003 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref>

== List ==

=== 1940s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Date
! style="width:120px;"| Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
|{{dts|1948}}||Kuo-shun|| – |||{{flag|Republic of China}} ([[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|Communist-controlled Zone]])||[[Persecution of Buddhists#China|Persecution of Buddhists]] and destruction of sacred objects by the government of [[Mao Zedong]]||Buddhist monk from Vietnam.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Jackson|first=William J|title=Self-Immolation in Hindu, Buddhist and Other Traditions|url=https://www.academia.edu/4866752|language=en}}</ref> In the city of [[Harbin]], he sat in the lotus position on a pile of sawdust and [[soybean oil]] and immolated himself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamyangnorbu.com/blog/2012/01/03/self-immolation-and-buddhism/|title=Shadow Tibet : Jamyang Norbu » Blog Archive » SELF-IMMOLATION AND BUDDHISM|website=jamyangnorbu.com|date=January 3, 2012 |access-date=2017-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=211orfsU0UYC&q=Buddhist+monk+in+China+set+himself+on+fire+in+1948%2C&pg=PA179|title=Making Sense of Suicide Missions|last=Gambetta|first=Diego|date=2006-09-21|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-929797-9|pages=179}}</ref>
|}

=== 1950s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;" | Date
! style="width:120px;" | Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
|{{dts|December 8, 1959}}||Poh Kwong|| – |||{{Flag|Thailand}}||Loss of money intended to build a new hospital, was possibly swindled through government corruption||Buddhist monk from China. In the city of [[Bangkok]], he sat on a five-foot (1.5 m) pyre and attempted to immolate himself before being stopped by police.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/155655801/|title=Thai Police Grab Monk About to Cremate Self|date=1959-12-08|work=The Morning News}}</ref>
|}

=== 1960s ===
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2017}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;" | Date
! style="width:120px;" | Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
| {{dts|1963-06-11}} || {{sn|Thích Quảng|Đức}} || 66 || rowspan="6" | {{flag|South Vietnam}} || rowspan="6" | [[Buddhist crisis|Persecution of Buddhists]] by the government of [[Ngô Đình Diệm]] || Led to several other monks and nuns committing the same act. Before Diệm [[Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem|was toppled]], the photo, photographed by [[Malcolm Browne]], became well-associated with his political protest.
|-
|{{dts|August 4, 1963}}
|{{Sn|Thitch Mguyen|Huong|nolink=1}}{{sic}}
|20s
|Buddhist monk. immolated himself in the town center of [[Phan Thiết]]. Government soldiers removed his body before other monks could recover it.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://thespeakernewsjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/The-Self-Immolators.pdf|title=The Self-Immolators|last=Donaldson|first=Day Blakely|year=2013}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|August 13, 1963}}
|{{Sn|Thich|Thanh Tuck|nolink=1}}{{sic}}
|17
|Buddhist novice monk.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|August 15, 1963}}
|{{Sn|Dieti|Quang|nolink=1}}{{sic}}
|–
|Buddhist nun. Immolated herself in the courtyard of [[Từ Đàm Pagoda]] in [[Huế]].<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|August 16, 1963}}
|{{Sn|Thich|Tieu}}
|71
|Buddhist monk. He soaked his robes in gasoline and immolated himself in the courtyard of [[Từ Đàm Pagoda]] in [[Huế]]. Before, he announced over the loudspeaker that he was going to commit suicide in demand for Buddhist rights. After his death (the third self-immolation in one week), the government declared [[martial law]], sparking more Buddhist protests.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|October 27, 1963}}
|{{Sn|Ho|Dan Van|nolink=1}}
|35–45
|Buddhist monk. Dressed in civilian clothing, he was dropped off by a motorcyclist in front of a Catholic cathedral in Saigon, where he squatted in a lotus-fashion, poured gasoline in his lap and struck a match.<ref>{{cite news|author= |title=Monk Fires Self Before Cathedral|work=The Charlotte Observer|date=October 28, 1963|via=newspapers.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1963-12}} || ''unidentified female'' || || {{flag|South Vietnam}} || [[Vietnam War]] || Three men immolated themselves in the next week, all for personal reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1963-12-07 |title=Saigon Man Burns Himself to Death |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/corpus-christi-times/145961643/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=Corpus Christi Times |pages=7}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1964-01-25}} || {{Sn|Kizappazuvur|Chinnasamy}} || 27 || rowspan="7"| {{flag|India}} || rowspan="7" | Imposition of [[Hindi]] over the [[Tamil language]] || Inspired 5 other self-immolations.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBchTO0NS0EC&pg=PA3|title=Language, Emotion, and Politics in South India|access-date=December 20, 2014|isbn=978-0-253-35301-6|last1=Mitchell|first1=Lisa|year=2009|publisher=Indiana University Press }}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|1965}}
|{{Sortname|Keeranoor|Muthu|nolink=yes}}
|21
|Hotel worker<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|January 26, 1965}}
|{{Sn|Kodambakkam|Sivalingam|nolink=1}}
|21
|[[Madras]] city government employee<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|January 27, 1965}}
|{{Sn|Virugambakkam|Aranganathan|nolink=1}}
|33
|Worked in Madras for the Telephone Department.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|February 11, 1965}}
|{{Sortname|Ayampalayam|Veerappan|nolink=1}}
|26
|School headmaster<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|February 1965}}
|{{Sortname|Satyamangalam|Muthu|nolink=1}}
|21
|Farmer<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|March 1965}}
|{{Sortname|[[Mayiladuthurai|Mayavaram]]|Sarangapani|nolink=yes}}
|20
|Student<ref name=":2" />
|-
| {{dts|1965-03-16}} || {{sn|Alice|Herz}} || 82 || | {{flag|United States}} || [[Vietnam War]] || [[Women Strike for Peace]] member. Immolated herself on a street corner in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]].<ref name=":2" />
|-
|April 20, 1965
|Thich Giac Thanh
|
|{{flag|South Vietnam}}
|Vietnam War
|Buddhist monk<ref>{{Cite web |last=allyson |date=2015-05-26 |title=THICH NHAT HANH(1926- )from Vietnam: Lotus in a Sea of Fire: In Search of the Enemy of Man |url=https://ethicsofsuicide.lib.utah.edu/selections/thich-nhat-hahn/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=The Ethics of Suicide Digital Archive |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|July 23, 1965}}
|{{Sortname|Huh|Jik}}
|62
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|[[Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea]]
|Worked for a minor political party. Immolated himself on the steps of the [[Seoul Capitol]].<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|October 12, 1965}}
|{{Sortname|Hiroko|Hayashi|nolink=1}}
|36
| rowspan="4" |{{flag|United States}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Vietnam War]]
|[[Japanese Americans|Japanese American]]. Immolated himself in [[San Diego]], [[California]].<ref group=note>Hiroko Hayashi's name is frequently misspelled, either as Hiroko Hayaski from Zaroulis and Sullivan's ''Who spoke up?:American protest against the war in Vietnam, 1963-1975'' and as Hiroko Hayasaki in Donaldson's "The Self Immolators". See [https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=WORLDNEWS&req_dat=0D1A845FAF8F8CA0&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Aimage%252Fv2%253A136E6CB81C5E443C%2540WHNPX-18576BC05F72E6CA%25402439776-1855523C80D8550E%25401-1855523C80D8550E%2540/hlterms%3AHayashi|S.D. Woman Ignites Self With Gasoline in "San Diego Evening Tribune", October 12, 1967] and [https://archive.org/details/craigjoantwolive00asin/page/145/ Craig and Joan: Two lives for peace (1971)]
</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1965-11-02}} || {{sn|Norman|Morrison}} || 31 ||[[Quakers|Quaker]] from [[Baltimore]].<ref name=":2" /> Committed act below [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert McNamara]]'s [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] office in front of his one-year-old daughter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,834576,00.html|title=Churches: The Pacifists|magazine=Time|date=1965-11-12|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116213620/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,834576,00.html|archive-date=2011-01-16}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1965-11-09}} || {{sn|Roger Allen|LaPorte}} || 22 ||[[Catholic Worker Movement|Catholic Worker]]. Immolated himself in front of the [[Headquarters of the United Nations]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite news|author=Buckley, Thomas|title=Man, 22, Immolates Himself In Antiwar Protest at U.N.|work=New York Times|date=November 10, 1965}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|November 9, 1965}}
|{{Sortname|Celene|Jankowski}}
|24
|Mother whose three-month-old baby girl died in October 1965. Her brother had also died in the [[Korean War]]. Immolated herself in front of her home in [[South Bend, Indiana]].<ref name=":2" /> Survived.
|-
|{{dts|April 7, 1966}}
|{{Sort name|Nikolai|Didyk|nolink=1}}
|26
|{{flag|Soviet Union}}
|Government refusal to let him fight in the [[Vietnam War]]
|Died on April 10.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1966-04-12 |title=Soviet Man Burns Himself to Death |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-independent/145972228/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The Independent |pages=7}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|May 28, 1966}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Thanh|Quảng}}
|55
| rowspan="12" |{{Flag|South Vietnam}}
| rowspan="12" |Government of [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]] and United States support of the regime ([[Buddhist Uprising]])
|Buddhist nun.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite magazine|date=1966-06-10|title=South Viet Nam: The Light That Failed|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,942006,00.html|magazine=Time}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|May 28, 1966}}
|{{Sortname|Ho Thi|Thieu}}
|58
|Buddhist laywoman. Immolated herself in pagoda in [[Saigon]]. Thousands were present, and monks covered her body with a Buddhist flag.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
|-
|{{dts|May 28, 1966}}
|{{Sortname|Thích|Nữ Vinh Ngoc|nolink=1}}
|19
|Buddhist nun. Immolated herself in [[Huế]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfBldO8esgIC&q=THICH+NU+VINH+NGOC+self-immolated&pg=PA136|title=The Lotus Unleashed: The Buddhist Peace Movement in South Vietnam, 1964–1966|last=Topmiller|first=Robert J.|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=2006|isbn=0-8131-9166-1|pages=136|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|May 29, 1966}}
|Name missing
|–
|Buddhist monk immolated himself in [[Da Lat]].<ref name=":3" />
|-
|{{dts|May 31, 1966}}
|{{Sortname|Nguyen Thi|Van|nolink=1}}
|17
|Buddhist laywoman. Immolated herself outside a pagoda in [[Huế]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{dts|May 31, 1966}}
|Name missing
|–
|Buddhist<ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{dts|May 31, 1966}}
|Name missing
|–
|Buddhist<ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{dts|June 4, 1966}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Dien|Dinh|nolink=1}}
|26
|Buddhist nun. Immolated herself in the courtyard of a small pagoda in [[Da Nang]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{dts|June 4, 1966}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Bao|Luan|nolink=yes}}
|24
|Buddhist nun. Immolated herself in the same location as Thích Du Dien Dinh in [[Da Nang]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{dts|June 4, 1966}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Dieu Nữ|Tri|nolink=yes}}
|–
|Buddhist nun. Immolated herself in the same location as Thích Du Dien Dinh in [[Da Nang]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{dts|June 4, 1966}}
|Name missing
|–
|Novice Buddhist monk. Immolated himself in [[Quảng Trị]]<ref name=":4" />
|-
|{{dts|June 17, 1966}}
|Woman; name missing
|–
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| {{dts|1966-07-12}} || {{sn||Liangqing|Liangqing (monk)}} || 70 || {{flag|China}}|| Destruction of the [[Famen Temple]] || Buddhist monk<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/outlook/reviews/2789-chinese-author-hu-ping-analyses-tibet-self-immolation-actions|title=Chinese Author Hu Ping Analyses Tibet Self-Immolation Actions|date=20 August 2012|work=The Tibet Post International|access-date=2016-11-26|archive-date=December 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230145558/http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/outlook/reviews/2789-chinese-author-hu-ping-analyses-tibet-self-immolation-actions|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1967-04-26}} || {{sn|Peter|Tyrrell}} || 51 || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || Child abuse in [[Industrial schools in Ireland|Irish industrial schools]]<ref name="id-review">{{Cite news |last=editor@irishdemocrat.co.uk |first=Mick Carty |title=Irish Democrat : Book reviews : Founded on Fear |url=https://www.irishdemocrat.co.uk/book-reviews/founded-on-fear/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409212116/https://www.irishdemocrat.co.uk/book-reviews/founded-on-fear/ |archive-date=2025-04-09 |access-date=2025-11-12 |work=Irish Democrat |language=en}}</ref>|| Immolated himself on [[Hampstead Heath]]. Wrote an autobiography titled ''Founded on Fear'', which was published posthumously in 2006.
|-
| {{dts|1967-05-16}} || {{sn|Nhất|Chi Mai|Nhất Chi Mai|Nhất Chi Mai}} || 34 || {{flag|South Vietnam}} || [[Vietnam War]] ||Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4QybVtXRgsC&q=Nhat+Chi+Mai+1967&pg=PA126|title=Thomas Merton and Thich Nhat Hanh|access-date=December 20, 2014|isbn=978-0-8264-1340-6|last1=King|first1=Robert Harlen|year=2001|publisher=A&C Black }}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1967-08-18}} || {{sn|John|Copping|nolink=y}} || 33 || {{flag|United States}} || [[Vietnam War]] || Navy veteran.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-08-19 |title=Man Burns Himself in Protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-hanford-sentinel/145961747/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The Hanford Sentinel |pages=2}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|October 3, 1967}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ|Tri|nolink=yes}}
| rowspan="2" | –
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|South Vietnam}}
| rowspan="2" |[[1967 South Vietnamese presidential election]]
|Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Topmiller |first=Robert |date=2011-04-19 |title=Struggling For Peace: The Unrecognized Sacrifices of Buddhist Women During the Vietnam War |url=https://quangduc.com/a33080/struggling-for-peace-the-unrecognized-sacrifices-of-buddhist-women-during-the-vietnam-war |website=quangduc.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|October 8, 1967}}
|Woman; name missing
|–
|-
| {{dts|1967-10-15}} || {{sn|Florence|Beaumont|nolink=1}} || 55 || {{flag|United States}}|| [[Vietnam War]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/16/newsid_2535000/2535301.stm|title=BBC ON THIS DAY – 10/16/1967: Joan Baez arrested in Vietnam protest|work=bbc.co.uk|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|October 22, 1967}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ|Hue|nolink=1}}
|–
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|South Vietnam}}
| rowspan="2" |[[1967 South Vietnamese presidential election]]
| rowspan="2" |Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
|{{dts|November 1, 1967}}
|{{Sn|Thích Nữ|Thuong|nolink=1}}
|–
|-
| {{dts|1967-11-12}} || {{Interlanguage link|Yui Chunoshin|eo}} || 73 || {{flag|Japan}}|| rowspan="6" | [[Vietnam War]] || [[Esperanto|Esperantist]]<ref>明日への葬列—60年代反権力闘争に斃れた10人の遺志 – 高橋和巳編集、合同出版 1970年</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2008/04/28/commentary/bushs-brutal-war-stirs-memories-of-vietnam/#.UdA74D4Y3Ww|title=Bush's brutal war stirs memories of Vietnam – The Japan Times|work=The Japan Times|date=April 28, 2008|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jag.ucla.edu/marotti_ahr.114.1.pdf Japan 1968: The Performance of Violence and the Theater of Protest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111190152/http://www.jag.ucla.edu/marotti_ahr.114.1.pdf |date=November 11, 2014 }}([[American Historical Review|AHR]])</ref>
|-
|{{dts|December 4, 1967}}
|{{Sortname|Erik|Thoen}}
|27
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[Zen]] Buddhist. Immolated himself in [[Sunnyvale, California]].<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|December 5, 1967}}
|{{Sortname|Kenneth|D'Elia}}
|20
|{{flag|United States}}
|Immolated himself outside the United Nations headquarters in New York City, replicating Roger LaPorte's death two years earlier. Died on December 12.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-12-12 |title=Deaths by Fire |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition/179689880/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |work=Newsday (Nassau Edition) |pages=74}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-12-06 |title=Youth, 20, Tries Fiery Suicide At U.N., but Offers No Reason; Climbed the Fence |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/06/archives/youth-20-tries-fiery-suicide-at-un-but-offers-no-reason-climbed-the.html |access-date=2025-08-25 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|February 29, 1968}}
|Pham Van Qui
|28
|{{flag|South Vietnam}}
|Buddhist layman immolated himself outside pagoda.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1968-03-01 |title=Buddhist Burns Self To Death |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-register/169088858/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=The Register |pages=2 |language=en-US |agency=AP}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|March 19, 1968}}
|[[Ronald Brazee]]
|16
|{{flag|United States}}
|Student. Died 5 weeks later.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/03/20/archives/war-protester-16-sets-himself-afire.html|title=War Protester, 16, Sets Himself Afire|date=1968-03-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|April 2, 1968}}
|Kazuo Shirakawa
|17
|{{flag|Japan}}
|Burned self with kerosene outside the U.S. consulate in [[Osaka]]. Died 12 hours later.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1968-04-02 |title=Japanese Dies In War Protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-times/169088840/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=The Tampa Times |pages=7 |language=en-US |agency=AP}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1968-09-08}} || {{sn|Ryszard|Siwiec}} || 59 || {{flag|Poland}}|| Poland's participation in [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]] || Died 4 days later.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petr |first=Blažek |title=Jan Palach - Living Torches |url=http://janpalach.eu/en/default/zive-pochodne/siwiec |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702171335/http://janpalach.eu/en/default/zive-pochodne/siwiec |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=16 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|September 14, 1968}}
|Michaele Burrazzo
|40
|{{flag|Italy}}
|Unemployment
|Survived.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1968-09-15 |title=Jobless, Burns Self |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal/169089386/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=43 |language=en-US |agency=UPI}}</ref>
|-
|-
| {{dts|1968-11-05}} || {{sn|Vasyl|Makukh}} || 40 || {{flag| Soviet Union}}|| [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet rule in Ukraine]] ||Immolated himself on [[Khreshchatyk]], Kyiv's main street, while shouting "Colonialism out of Ukraine!" and "Long live a free Ukraine!"<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CA%5CMakukhVasyl.htm|title=Makukh, Vasyl|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Ukraine|publisher=Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1969-01-16}} || {{sn|Jan|Palach}} || 20 || {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} || [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]] || Student. Inspired other self-immolations in Soviet [[satellite state]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-14 |title=Fifty Years After His Self-Immolation, Czech Student Jan Palach Remains A Symbol Of Defiance |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/czechoslovakia-politics-palach/29708646.html |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1969-01-20}} || {{sn|Sándor|Bauer|nolink=}} || 17 || {{flag|Hungary}} || [[People's Republic of Hungary|Communist rule in Hungary]] and [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]] ||Died 3 Days later<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.totalita.cz/vysvetlivky/o_bauers.php|title=Sndor Bauer: TOTALITA|author=Tom Vlek|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|January 20, 1969}}
|{{Sortname|Josef|Hlavatý|nolink=1}}
|25
| rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]]
|Blue-collar worker. Immolated himself in [[Plzeň]]. Died 5 days later.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.janpalach.cz/en/default/jan-palach/nasledovnici|title=Jan Palach|website=janpalach.cz|access-date=2017-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|January 22, 1969}}
|{{Sortname|Miroslav|Malinka|nolink=1}}
|–
|Blue-collar worker. Referenced Jan Palach. Immolated himself in [[Brno]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" />
|-
|{{dts|January 26, 1969}}
|{{Sortname|Jan|Bereš|nolink=1}}
|16
|Apprentice. Referenced Jan Palach. Immolated himself in [[Cheb]].<ref name=":6" />
|-
|{{dts|January 31, 1969}}
|{{Sortname|Gilbert Antonio|Sanginetto|nolink=1}}
|19
|{{flag|Italy}}
|Survived.<ref>{{cite news |title=Student Burns Self |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun/163668210/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=The Vancouver Sun |agency=Reuters |date=1969-02-01 |pages=7}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|February 10, 1969}}
|{{Sn|Mykola|Bereslavsky}}
|45
|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Ukrainian SSR|Soviet rule in Ukraine]]
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|February 15, 1969}}
|{{Sortname|Lodovico|Ferretti|nolink=1}}
|17
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|Anger against capitalist system
|Survived.<ref>{{cite news |title=Italian Youth Protests System, Burns Self |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state/163667542/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=The State |agency=AP |date=1969-02-17 |pages=10}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1969-02-25}} || {{sn|Jan|Zajíc}} || 19 || {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} || [[History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)|Communist rule in Czechoslovakia]] || Student{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
|-
|{{dts|1969-03-30}} || {{Sortname|Francine|Lecomte|nolink=1}} || 30 || {{flag|France}} || [[Nigerian Civil War]] || Woman, apparently obsessed with Biafra, set herself on fire and died outside the Nigerian embassy in [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Wilson requests talks with Biafra state chief |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-windsor-star-francine-lecomte-reuter/27462134 |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=The Windsor Star |agency=Reuters |date=1969-03-31 |pages=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Woman Burns Self at Nigerian Embassy |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-tribune/163668351/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=Star Tribune |agency=UPI |date=1969-03-31 |pages=24}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1969-04-02}} || {{sn|Evžen|Plocek}} || 39 || {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} || rowspan="3" | [[History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)|Communist rule in Czechoslovakia]] || Businessman{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
|-
| {{dts|1969-04-09}} || {{sn|Eliyahu|Rips}} || 20 || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || Survived. Later became professor of mathematics.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
|-
| {{dts|1969-04-11}} || {{Interlanguage link|Michal Lefčík|sk}} || 19 || {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} || Soldier<ref>{{cite news |title=Na Michala Lefčíka nesmieme nikdy zabudnúť |url=https://kosicednes.sk/tema-dna/na-michala-lefcika-nesmieme-nikdy-zabudnut/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=KOŠICE:DNES |date=2018-04-12 |language=sk-SK}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1969-05-30}} || {{sn|Bruce|Mayrock|nolink=1}} || 20 || {{flag|United States}}|| [[Genocide]] against [[Biafra]] in the [[Nigerian Civil War]] || [[Columbia University]] student. Died several hours later.<ref>{{cite news |title=GS Student, 20, Immolates Himself in Front of UN |url=https://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/?a=d&d=cs19690603-01.2.8&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=Columbia Spectator |issue=118, Volume CXIII |date=3 June 1969}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|July 3, 1969}}
|''Unknown male''
|17
|{{flag|West Germany}}
|Transportation fares
|Set himself on fire in [[Saarbrücken]] after more than a week of protests. Survived.<ref>{{cite news |title=Youth Burns Self In Fare Protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune/163667811/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=Oakland Tribune |agency=AP |date=1969-07-04 |pages=27}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|August 21, 1969}}
|Jan Polášek
|19
|{{flag|Czechoslovakia}}
|[[History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)|Communist rule in Czechoslovakia]]
|Survived self-immolation in [[Brno]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krupka |first1=Jaroslav |title=Viděl jsem, jak mu z hlavy teče krev. V srpnu 1969 stříleli Češi Čechy |url=https://www.denik.cz/z_domova/videl-jsem-jak-mu-z-hlavy-tece-krev-v-srpnu-1969-strileli-cesi-cechy-20190820.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=Deník.cz |date=2019-08-21 |language=cs}}</ref>
|}

=== 1970s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Date
! style="width:120px;"| Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
| {{dts|1970-01-17}} || {{sn|Regis|–|nolink=1}} || 17 || {{flag|France}} || [[Nigerian Civil War]] || <ref name="TLP">{{cite news |title=France Has Outbreak of Immolation Deaths |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-logansport-press/163827734/ |access-date=2025-01-24 |work=The Logansport Press |agency=UPI |date=1970-01-25 |pages=1}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1970-01-20}} || {{sn|Robert|Gerenkens|nolink=1}} || 18 || {{flag|France}} || "Wars and the follies of men" || Attended the same school in [[Lille]] as Regis, the previous self-immolator.<ref name="TLP" />
|-
| {{dts|1970-02-13}} || {{sn|Márton|Moyses|nolink=1}} || 28 || {{flag|Socialist Republic of Romania|name=Romania}}||[[Communist Romania|Communist rule in Romania]] ||<ref name=":2" />
|-
| {{dts|1970-04-10}} || {{sn|Rafael|Elizalde Mac-Clure|nolink=1}} || 61 || {{flag|Chile}} || [[Climate crisis]] inaction || Writer, activist and translator who set himself on fire near the [[Eulogio Sánchez Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 27, 2024|title=Tres son chilenos: los casos de inmolación como protesta política más impactantes del mundo|first=Barbara|last=Haas|website=[[Radio Bío-Bío|Bío-Bío Chile]]|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/servicios/explicado/2024/02/27/tres-son-chilenos-los-casos-de-inmolacion-como-protesta-politica-mas-impactantes-del-mundo.shtml|access-date=October 19, 2024|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=April 12, 1970|title=Destacado personaje era el que suicidó a lo bonzo|page=30|work=[[La Tercera]]|url=https://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/bnd/628/w3-article-328742.html|access-date=October 19, 2024|language=Spanish}}</ref>
|-
|May 6, 1970
|Robert Rex Vice
|27
|{{flag|United States}}
|Vietnam War and [[Kent State shootings|Kent State Shootings]]
|Non-student protester at [[Wabash College]] demonstration.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1970-05-07|title=Clipped From The Logansport Press|pages=1|work=The Logansport Press|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10247520/the-logansport-press/|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref> Died later in hospital.[https://www.wabash.edu/alumni/docs/Class_of_1973_July_2010_Letter%20tr.pdf][https://www.wabash.edu/alumni/docs/Class_of_1973_June_2010_Letter.pdf]
|-
| {{dts|1970-05-10}} || {{sn|George|Winne Jr.}} || 23 ||{{flag|United States}} || rowspan="3" | [[Vietnam War]] || Student at the [[University of California, San Diego]]. Died the following day.<ref>{{cite news|author=Keen, H.|title=San Diego student who set self afire in war protest dies|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 12, 1970}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|June 4, 1970}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Lien|Tap|nolink=1}}
|24
|{{Flag|South Vietnam}}
|Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
|{{dts|August 15, 1970}}
|Thich Thien Nhu
|21
|{{Flag|South Vietnam}}
|Buddhist monk.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1970-08-17 |title=Monk Dies in Flaming War Protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news/180245831/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Greenville News |pages=2}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1970-09-19}} || {{sn|Kostas|Georgakis}} || 22 || {{flag|Greece}}|| [[Greek military junta of 1967–74|Military rule in Greece]] || Student at the [[University of Genoa]]{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
|-
| {{dts|1970-09-19}} || {{sn|Joseba|Elosegi|nolink=1}} || 54 || {{flag|Francoist Spain|name=Spain}}||[[Bombing of Guernica]] in 1937. Independence of the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]]. || Survived<ref name=":2" />
|-
| {{dts|1970-10-02}} || ''unidentified male'' || – || {{flag|France}} || [[Communist rule in Czechoslovakia]] || <ref>{{cite news |title=Man Torches Self to Death |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser/163826825/ |access-date=2025-01-24 |work=The Montgomery Advertiser |agency=AP |date=1970-10-03 |pages=6}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1970-11-13}} || {{sn|Jeon|Tae-il}} || 22 || {{flag|South Korea}}|| Labor conditions and the [[Third Republic of South Korea|government]]'s opposition to reform ||<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|May 1971}}
|{{Sortname|Nguyen Thi|Co|nolink=1}}
|–
| rowspan="6" |{{Flag|South Vietnam}}
| rowspan="6" |[[Vietnam War]]
| rowspan="2" |Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Tinh|Nhuan|nolink=1}}
|–
|-
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|August 16, 1971}}
|Man; name missing
|–
|Vietnam War veteran<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{Sortname|Nguyen Minh|Dang|nolink=1}}
|37
|Vietnam War veteran<ref name=":2" />
|-
|{{dts|October 1971}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Tinh|Cuong|nolink=1}}
|–
|Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
|{{dts|1972}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Dien|Han|nolink=1}}
|–
|Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
| {{dts|1972-05-14}} || {{sn|Romas|Kalanta}} || 19 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Soviet Union}}|| rowspan="2" | [[Lithuanian SSR|Communist rule in Lithuania]] || Inspired largest post-war riots in occupied Lithuania and the USSR and 13 other self-immolations
|-
|{{dts|May 29, 1972}}
|{{Sortname|V.|Stonys|nolink=1}}
|24
|Immolated himself in [[Varėna]].<ref name=":2" />
|-
| {{dts|1972-06-06}} || {{sn|Huguette|Gaulin}} || 28 || {{flag|Canada}}|| ||French Canadian novelist who publicly immolated herself in Montreal while screaming ''"''You have destroyed the beauty of the world!"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse/page/417 417]|quote=Huguette Gaulin.|title=Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada|via=[[Internet Archive]]|publisher=University of Toronto Press|access-date=December 20, 2014|isbn=978-0-8020-0761-2|year=2002}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|1972-09-27}} || ''unidentified male'' || 37 || {{flag|Denmark}} || Protest against [[Single Economic Space of the Eurasian Economic Union|European Common Market]] and his unemployment || Survived with extensive second-degree burns.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-09-27 |title=Job Protest: Man Burns Himself |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/145963305/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The San Francisco Examiner |pages=2}}</ref>
|-
|September 30, 1972
|Józef Dolak
|26 or 27
|{{Flag|Poland}}
|Protest against Communist rule in Poland
|Probably followed the example of [[Jan Palach]]<ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last1=Stach |first1=Sabine |title=Vermächtnispolitik: Jan Palach und Oskar Brüsewitz als politische Märtyrer |last2=Troebst |first2=Stefan |last3=Palach |first3=Jan |last4=Brüsewitz |first4=Oskar |date=2016 |publisher=Wallstein Verlag |isbn=978-3-8353-2933-1 |series=Moderne europäische Geschichte |location=Göttingen}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|1972-10-07}} || Willie B. Phillips || 27 || {{flag|United States}} || Racism against African-Americans || Immolated himself at Atlanta parade. Died in hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-10-08 |title=Man Burns Himself as Racial Protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal/145963398/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=Winston-Salem Journal |pages=15}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|1974}}
|{{Sortname|Thích Nữ Du|Dieu|nolink=1}}
|–
|{{Flag|South Vietnam}}
|[[Vietnam War]]
|Buddhist nun<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
| {{dts|1974-08-15}} || {{sn|Phan Van|Lua|nolink=1}} || 33 || {{flag|South Vietnam}} || Anti-Communism || [[Vietnam War]] veteran discharged with wounds. Immolated himself in front of the [[National Assembly of the Republic of Vietnam|National Assembly]]. Died at scene.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1974-08-15 |title=Man Burns Himself in Vietnam Protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news/145963634/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The Buffalo News |pages=2}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1976-08-10}} || {{sn|Antanas|Kalinauskas|nolink=1}} || 19 || {{flag|Soviet Union}}|| [[Lithuanian SSR|Communist rule in Lithuania]] || In [[Soviet Army]] barracks in [[Gulbene]], Latvia. Died the following day.
|-
| {{dts|1976-08-22}} || {{sn|Oskar|Brüsewitz}} || 47 || {{flag|East Germany}}|| Communist repression of religion in East Germany || Lutheran pastor<ref>{{cite news |title=East German Suicide Attempt Reflects Church Issue |work=The New York Times |date=August 22, 1976 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/22/archives/east-german-suicide-attempt-reflects-church-issue.html}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1977-02-10}} || {{sn|Alain|Escoffier|nolink=1}} || 27 || {{flag|France}}|| Communism || Member of the [[Party of New Forces]], a [[Neo-Fascism|neo-fascist]] political party.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
|-
| {{dts|1977-09-01}} || {{sn|Leopoldo|Aragon|nolink=1}} || || {{flag|Sweden}} || Protest against [[Torrijos–Carter Treaties]] || A Panamanian national immolated himself in front of the U.S. embassy in [[Stockholm]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1977-09-02 |title=Man burns himself to death |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tallahassee-democrat/145944100/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=Tallahassee Democrat |pages=11}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1977-11-16}} || {{sn|Hartmut|Gründler}} || 37 || {{flag|West Germany}} || Atomic policy{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ||
|-
| {{dts|1978-01-21}} || {{sn|Oleksa Mykolajovyč|Hirnyk}}|| 65 || {{flag|Soviet Union}}|| [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Communist rule in Ukraine]]<ref name=":33" />||Probably followed the example of Jan Palach.
|-
| {{dts|1978-02-08}} || Erika Ruppert || 24 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|West Germany}}|| rowspan="2" | Political protest || rowspan="2" | Ruppert and Kleinknecht wrote a letter a day before their act in which they explained the reasoning behind their decision, and their affiliation with [[Ananda Marga]]. The next morning, they doused themselves with gasoline and Immolated themselves at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin.<ref name="Self immolation in Germany">{{cite book|url=https://taz.de/Selbstverbrennung-in-Deutschland/!731763/|title=Self immolation in Germany|newspaper=Die Tageszeitung: Taz|date=August 2, 2003|page=1005|publisher=Taz}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book|url=http://www.cd.anandamarga.us/1978-03%20Crimson%20Dawn%20-%20Newsletter%20Ananda%20Marga%20AMPS%20NYSector.pdf|page=3|title=1978-03 Crimson Dawn – Newsletter Ananda Marga}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1978-02-08}} || Helmut Kleinknecht || 28
|-
| {{dts|1978-05-04}} || Andre Kilchinski || 41 || {{flag|Israel}} || Protest against Nazism || Occurred on [[Holocaust Day]]. Rescued with slight burns.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-05-04 |title=Man burns himself in Nazi protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/albany-democrat-herald/145962694/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=Albany Democrat-Herald |pages=17}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1978-06-14}} || Elizabeth Weniger || 25 || {{flag| Philippines}}|| Political protest || Swiss-born Elizabeth Weniger immolated herself at Rizal Park in Manila after distributing leaflets explaining her reasons.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuzdDAAAQBAJ&q=%22elizabeth+weniger%22+manila&pg=PT184|title=Who Bombed the Hilton?|page=109|publisher=NewSouth|isbn=978-1-74-223351-2|last1=Landers|first1=Rachel|year=2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.cd.anandamarga.us/1978-07%20Crimson%20Dawn%20-%20Newsletter%20Ananda%20Marga%20AMPS%20NYSector.pdf|page=8|title=1978-07 Crimson Dawn - Newsletter Ananda Marga|access-date=April 21, 2021|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421102228/http://www.cd.anandamarga.us/1978-07%20Crimson%20Dawn%20-%20Newsletter%20Ananda%20Marga%20AMPS%20NYSector.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/421393495/|page=56|title=The Gazette|date=June 15, 1978 }}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1978-06-23}} || {{sn|Musa|Mamut}} || 46 || {{flag|Soviet Union}}|| Discrimination against [[Crimean Tatars]] in the Soviet residence permission system, which prohibited nearly all Crimean Tatars who were [[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars|deported in 1944]] from returning to their place of birth || Mamut was born and raised Crimea until the NKVD deported all Crimean Tatars to Central Asia in May 1944. He returned to Crimea in 1975 and was later arrested and charged for not having a residence permit to live there, despite being born in the peninsula; the residence permit system was designed to prevent exiled Crimean Tatars from returning to their homeland. Then police came to arrest him on 23 June 1978 Mamut immolated himself rather than being deported again and died 5 days later.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sovietdisunion00bohd|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/sovietdisunion00bohd/page/203 203]|quote=Musa Mamut.|title=Soviet Disunion|publisher=Simon and Schuster|access-date=December 20, 2014|isbn=978-0-02-922401-4|last1=Nahaylo|first1=Bohdan|last2=Swoboda|first2=Victor|year=1990}}</ref>
|-
|September 17, 1978
|Rolf Günther
|41
|{{flag|East Germany}}
|Probably protest against repression of religion in East Germany, maybe also internal church conflicts
|Set himself on fire in front of 300 people after revealing a banner that read "finally wake up!" <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-09-17 |title=Vor dreißig Jahren: Die Stasi und eine Selbstverbrennung eines Pfarrers |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/vor-dreissig-jahren-die-stasi-und-eine-selbstverbrennung-eines-pfarrers-1698593.html |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=FAZ.NET |language=de}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1978-10-03}} || {{sn|Lynette|Phillips|nolink=1}} || 24 || {{flag|Switzerland}}|| Social protest || Lynette Phillips had previously planned to self-immolate outside the British Houses of Parliament in London, but upon receiving word of this, British authorities deported her. She changed her plan and decided to self-immolate outside the United Nations headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. She protested against "inhumanity, injustice and irrationality prevalent in our society". She died at the scene.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19781004&id=vu1UAAAAIBAJ&pg=4366,774485&hl=en|title=An heiress dies|publisher=The Age}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1978-12-28}} || {{sn|Chiao|Shaoying|nolink=1}} || 40 || {{flag|Taiwan}} || Nationalism || Taken to hospital in poor condition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-12-28 |title=Man burns himself in Taiwan protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-deming-headlight/145963559/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The Deming Headlight |pages=8}}</ref>
|}

=== 1980s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Date
! style="width:120px;"| Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
| {{dts|1980-03-21}} || {{sn|Walenty|Badylak}} || 76 || {{flag|Poland}}|| [[Katyn massacre]] || [[Home Army]] veteran immolated himself chained to a well in the [[Main Square, Kraków]].<ref>Walenty Badylak</ref><ref>Studzienka Badylaka</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1981-03-21}} || {{sn|Per-Axel|Arosenius}} || 60 || {{flag|Sweden}}|| Taxes{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ||
|-
|May 18, 1982
|{{Unbulleted list
|Mahmut Zengin
|Ferhat Kurtay
|Eşref Anyık
|Necmi Öner
}}
|
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|Detention conditions in Prison
|The four were members of the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] protesting the detention conditions in the [[Diyarbakır Prison|Diyarbakır prison]] after the [[1980 Turkish coup d'état|coup d'état in 1980]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ziółkowski|first=Grzegorz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oe7QDwAAQBAJ&q=ferhat+kurtay+necmi+%C3%B6ner+e%C5%9Fref+any%C4%B1k+mahmut+zengin+on+fire&pg=PT61|title=A Cruel Theatre of Self-Immolations: Contemporary Suicide Protests by Fire and Their Resonances in Culture|date=2020-02-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-60222-1|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|May 26, 1982
|[[Semra Ertan]]
|25
|{{flag|West Germany}}
|Racism towards Turkish workers in Germany
|Writer and poet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Semra Ertan (Cana Bilir-Meier) » L'Alternativa Hall 2014|url=http://alternativa.cccb.org/2014/en/films/fichaPH.php?film=00082|website=alternativa.cccb.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1982-08-10}} || {{sn|Artin|Penik}} || 61 || {{flag|Turkey}}|| [[ASALA]] attack at [[Esenboğa International Airport]]{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ||Set himself on fire in [[Taksim Square]].
|-
| {{dts|1983-03-05}} || Cecil Andrews || 37 || {{flag|United States}} || Unemployment || Was listed in serious condition. His self-immolation was filmed by a television crew.<ref>{{cite news |title=Man Sets Himself Afire To Protest Joblessness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/06/us/man-sets-himself-afire-to-protest-joblessness.html |access-date=2024-12-17 |work=The New York Times |date=1983-03-06 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1983-11-02}} || [[Sebastián Acevedo]]|| 52|| {{flag|Chile}}|| Kidnapping of his children by the Chilean police during [[Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)|the dictatorship]] of [[Augusto Pinochet]] ||After 2 days of searching for his children, Acevedo immolated himself in front of the [[Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception, Chile|Cathedral of the Most Holy Concepción]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guanaco17.blogspot.com/2007/11/sebastin-acevedo.html|title=Tribute to Sebastián Acevedo|publisher=Guanaco17.blogspot.com|date=November 2, 2007|access-date=December 2, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131202415/http://guanaco17.blogspot.com/2007/11/sebastin-acevedo.html|archive-date=January 31, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|1984-07-10}} || Ruth Christenson || 23 || {{flag|United States}} || Pornography || Survived.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1984-07-12 |title=Woman burns herself in protest against porn |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/bennington-banner/145975604/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=Bennington Banner |pages=2}}</ref> Committed suicide by setting her apartment on fire in 1990.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1990-12-14 |title=Peace came at an awful price to a soul pained by injustice |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-tribune/189965752/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=Star Tribune |pages=1B, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-tribune/189965845/ 13B]}}</ref>
|-
|February 2, 1985
|[[Mehmet Karahüseyinov]]
|40
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|Treatment of [[Turkish people|Turks]] in Bulgaria
|Immolated himself after Bulgarian government tried to change his name. Survived heavily wounded, died 5 years later.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Siedlecka|first=Sylwia|date=2019-01-01|title=The Labyrinth of Genealogy: Poetry of Mehmet Karahüseyinov (1980–1990)|url=https://www.academia.edu/43354511|journal=Balkanistic Forum|volume=28|issue=3|pages=34–45|doi=10.37708/bf.swu.v28i3.3|s2cid=226804582|issn=2535-1265}}</ref>
|-
|March 27, 1985
|''Unidentified man''
|50s
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|Protest against government's decision to return Chinese sailors
|Survived with minor injuries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Protester Sets Himself on Fire |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pensacola-news/161080152/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |work=The Pensacola News |date=1985-03-27 |pages=25}}</ref>
|-
|February 14, 1986
|Orland Payne McCafferty
|58
|{{flag|United States}}
|Ronald Reagan's policies
|Set himself on fire outside the [[White House]]. Died a month later.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trapped in Silent Despair, Man Ignites Self In Front of White House |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/02/16/trapped-in-silent-despair-man-ignites-self-in-front-of-white-house/7e5f7e1a-5e6b-4233-95ba-ac05f2e8a4ee/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=1986-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=White House Protester Dies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/03/22/white-house-protester-dies/efdb72cc-d2ad-4f5c-9a09-e3d4b7c7e142/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=1986-03-22}}</ref>
|-
|February 25, 1986
|Marko Djukic
|63
|{{flag|Canada}}
|Trial to deport [[Andrija Artuković]]
|Croatian/Canadian immolated himself on University Ave. in Toronto across from US Consulate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1986-02-25 |title=Calgary Herald from Calgary, Alberta, Canada |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/484585348/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Survived for many years afterwards.
|-
|March 6, 1987
|Pyo Jung-doo
|25
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|Opposition to government and parliamentary system
|Survived with critical injuries after self-immolating outside American embassy in Seoul.<ref>{{cite news |title=Korean man burns himself |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-hampshire-gazette/161078989/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |work=Daily Hampshire Gazette |agency=AP |date=1987-03-06 |page=7}}</ref>
|-
|April 27, 1987
|''Unidentified woman''
|60
|{{flag|Socialist Republic of Romania|name=Romania}}
|Government's refusal to let her travel to West Germany
|Immolated herself outside West German embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Woman burns herself to death in visa protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun/160977622/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |work=The Vancouver Sun |agency=Reuters |date=1987-05-01 |page=5}}</ref>
|-
|August 31, 1987
|Antoine Thurel
|56
|{{flag|United States}}
|Religious persecution in Haiti
|Cab driver from Haiti. Immolated himself in front of Statehouse in Boston. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1987-08-31 |title=Haitian Burns Self in Front of Mass. Capitol |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-31-mn-3348-story.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|September 20, 1987
|Neusha Farrahi
|31
|{{flag|United States}}
|Protest against the Khomeini government
|Immolated himself at a protest of around 1,000 people against the Iranian government. Died on October 2.<ref>{{cite news |title=Man sets himself on fire in Khomeini protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-modesto-bee/161079692/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |work=The Modesto Bee |agency=AP |date=1987-09-21 |pages=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Becklund |first1=Laurie |title=Iranian Who Set Himself Afire in Protest Hailed by Exiles as Martyr |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-10-04-me-33060-story.html |access-date=2024-12-17 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1987-10-04}}</ref>
|-
|September 10, 1988
|Mehrdad Imen
|32
|{{flag|United States}}
|Protest against the executions of political prisoners committed by the Khomeini government as well as human rights abuses in Iran
|Los Angeles resident originally from Iran. Flew from LA to NYC. Participated in a protest and immolated himself in front of the UN shortly after protest ended. Died the next day.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=1988-09-11 |title=Man Who Set Himself Afire as Protest Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/11/nyregion/man-who-set-himself-afire-as-protest-dies.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1989-03-02}}|| {{sn|Liviu Cornel|Babeș}} || 47 ||{{flag|Socialist Republic of Romania|name=Romania}} || [[Communist Romania|Communist rule in Romania]]|| Immolated himself on ski slope. Died 2 hours later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/brasov/brasov-liviu_babes-comemorare-martir_brasov_0_436156407.html#commentsPage-1 |title=Povestea eroului care a protestat împotriva comunismului dându-şi foc pe pârtia Bradul |publisher=Adevarul.ro |date=March 1, 2011 |access-date=February 6, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1989-03-02}}|| {{sn|Vytautas|Vičiulis}} || 37 || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || [[Lithuanian SSR|Communist rule in Lithuania]]{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ||
|-
| {{dts|1989-03-24}} || {{sn|Kailash|Pawar|nolink=1}} || || {{flag|India}}|| To draw attention to plight of [[Bhopal disaster|Bhopal gas victims]] and protest public indifference || Original story published in ''The Hindu'', March 26, 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bhopal.net/kailash-pawar|title=The Death of Kailash Pawar|date=May 5, 2010|access-date=April 8, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410192128/http://bhopal.net/kailash-pawar/|archive-date=April 10, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1989-04-07}} || {{sn|Cheng|Nan-jung}} || 41 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Taiwan}}|| rowspan="2" | For freedom of speech and [[Taiwan independence]] ||
|-
| {{dts|1989-05-19}} || {{sn|Chan|I-hua}} || 32 || During funeral procession of Cheng Nan-jung.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2005/new/may/15/today-o7.htm|title=Independence. Rise. Chan I-hua|work=Liberty Times|location=Taiwan (ROC)|access-date=December 2, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141243/http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2005/new/may/15/today-o7.htm|archive-date=September 29, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
|May 23, 1989
|[[Karl Koch (hacker)|Karl Koch]]
|23
|{{flag|West Germany}}
|''unknown''
|Controversial whether death by suicide or murder<ref>{{Cite news |last=Patalong |first=Frank |date=2019-05-23 |title=Karl Koch alias Hagbard Celine: Tod eines Hackers |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/karl-koch-alias-hagbard-celine-tod-eines-hackers-a-1268203.html |access-date=2024-05-25 |work=Der Spiegel |language=de |issn=2195-1349}}</ref>
|-
|October 24, 1989
|Shavkat Yarullin
|40
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Soviet Union}}
|In protest of exile and mistreatment of Crimean Tatars by the government
|Immolated himself in front of a government building. Died several hours later.<ref name=":7" />
|-
|December 14, 1989
|Seidamet Balji
|
|In protest of exile and mistreatment of Crimean Tatars by the government
|While being forced to leave Yalta he doused himself with gasoline and immolated himself. Survived after being extinguished, but said he would do it again if he had to live in exile for longer.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|url=http://srpkzn.ru/books/Krimsky_Tatary.pdf|title=Крымские татары, или Привет от Сталина!|last=Yakupova|first=Venera|publisher=Часы истории|year=2009|location=Kazan|pages=28–30, 47–48}}</ref>
|}

=== 1990s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Date
! style="width:120px;"| Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
|March 21, 1990
|Zekiye Alkan
|
|{{flag| Turkey}}
|Ban of Newroz celebrations
|Medical student who immolated himself on [[Newroz as celebrated by Kurds|Newroz]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Stansfield|first1=Gareth R. V.|title=The Kurdish Question Revisited|last2=Shareef|first2=Mohammed|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-068717-5|pages=195–196|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8"/>
|-
| {{dts|1990-04-26}} || {{sn|Stanislovas|Žemaitis|nolink=1}} || 52 || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || [[Lithuanian SSR|Communist rule in Lithuania]] || Protesting Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania. Died the following day in Moscow hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1990-04-28 |title=Lithuanian kills self to protest Soviet presence |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-signal/164431493/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Signal |pages=9}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1990-05-09}} || {{sn|Rimantas|Daugintis|nolink=1}} || 55 || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || [[Lithuanian SSR|Communist rule in Lithuania]] || Lithuanian sculptor immolated himself on Hungarian–Soviet border. Died a few days later.
|-
| {{dts|1990-06-21}} || ''unidentified male'' || 32 || {{flag|People's Republic of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}} || Alleged election fraud || Initially survived.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1990-06-22 |title=Bulgarian sets himself afire in protest of election fraud |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-herald/145950019/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The Times Herald |pages=7}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1990-09-19}} || {{sn|Rajiv|Goswami}} || 19 || {{flag|India}}||[[Reservation in India]]||Survived<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbgW2jTESKEC&q=Rajiv+Goswami&pg=PA192 |title=Politics After Television |access-date=December 20, 2014|isbn=978-0-521-64839-4 |last1=Rajagopal |first1=Arvind |date=2001-01-25 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1990-10-14}} || {{sn|Thanawut|Klingchuea|nolink=1}} || 20 || {{flag|Thailand}}||Government of [[Chatichai Choonhavan]] || [[Ramkhamhaeng University]] student<ref>{{cite web|first1=Bundit|last1=Chanthasrikum|date=December 19, 2013|script-title=th:รำลึก'ธนาวุฒิ คลิ้งเชื้อ'|url=http://www.komchadluek.net/detail/20131219/175151.html|website=Kom-Chad-Luek|access-date=17 August 2014|language=th|trans-title=Remembering 'Thanawut Klingchuea'|archive-date=December 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229080941/http://www.komchadluek.net/detail/20131219/175151.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1990-12-09}} || {{sn|Timothy|Brown|nolink=1}} || 48 || rowspan="3" | {{flag|United States}}|| rowspan="3" | [[Gulf War]] || Self-described Vietnam War veteran set himself on fire at an abandoned cannery.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1990-12-11 |title=Self-immolation is gulf protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wisconsin-state-journal/145950363/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |pages=3}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1991-01-10}} || {{sn|Richard|Breeze|nolink=1}} || 38 || Took place after an anti-war rally.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1991-01-12 |title=Marin man kills self in gulf protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/164423510/ |work=The San Francisco Examiner |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/164423528/ 12]}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1991-02-18}} || {{sn|Gregory|Levey|nolink=1}} || 30 || Took place in Amherst Common, Massachusetts.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Verhovek| first = Sam Howe| title = Amherst Journal; Candles in the Snow Honor Suffering| work = New York Times| access-date = 2016-09-19| date = 1991-02-20| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/20/us/amherst-journal-candles-in-the-snow-honor-suffering.html}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1991-04-29}} || Park Seung-hee || 20 || {{flag|South Korea}} || Political situation in South Korea || Immolated herself after student demonstrator Kang Kyung-dae was beaten to death by police. She was buried at the [[May 18th National Cemetery]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Donaldson |first=Day Blakely |title=The Self-Immolators |year=2013 |pages=150 |url=http://thespeaker.co/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/The-Self-Immolators.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119111907/http://thespeaker.co/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/The-Self-Immolators.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-01-19 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanger |first=David E. |date=1991-05-17 |title=Suicides by Korean Protesters Stir Unease and Fear of a Plot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/17/world/suicides-by-korean-protesters-stir-unease-and-fear-of-a-plot.html |access-date=2024-07-28 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1991-09-21}} || {{sn|Giorgi|Abesadze|nolink=1}} || 35 || {{flag| Georgia (country)|1990|name=Georgia}}|| Looming [[Georgian civil war of 1991–1993|civil war in Georgia]] || Physician<ref>Russetsky, Alexander et al. (2004), [http://fes.ge/de/images/Fes_Files/05Publications/activity_report_2004.pdf South Caucasus Institute of Regional Security Activity Report], p. 50. South Caucasus Institute of Regional Security; accessed July 1, 2012.</ref>
|-
|March 21, 1992
|Rahşan Demirel
|
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|Treatment of Kurds by Turkey
|She immolated herself on [[Newroz as celebrated by Kurds|Newroz]].<ref name=":8" />
|-
| {{dts|1993-04-06}} || Binh Gia Pham || 43 || {{flag|United States}}|| Persecution of Buddhists in Vietnam || Binh Gia Pham had five friends tape his self-immolation outside Boston. Died at the scene.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1993-04-16-0000103299-story.html|title=A FINAL ACT OF SACRIFICE
|author=TOM PULEO|date=April 16, 1993
|publisher=THE HARTFORD COURANT}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/e9d3cc2ede86ad2d645041ddd88a24ee|title=Five Charged With Manslaughter In Buddhist's Self-immolation
|author=RENU SEHGAL|work=AP NEWS
}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1993-04-29}} || {{sn|Graham|Bamford|nolink=1}} || 48 || {{flag|United Kingdom}}|| War in Bosnia and Herzegovina || 'The British army must not be a guard of honour at a mass funeral. Bosnian babies, children, and womenfolk are waiting for the politicians to do what they know they should – give them military protection.'<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bosniavolimte.blogspot.com/2012/01/bosnia-twenty-years-later-graham.html|title=I LOVE BOSNIA|author=Chris Mathieu|date=January 27, 2012|publisher=bosniavolimte.blogspot.com|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|January 27, 1994
|Son Ha Hoang
|27
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Imminent deportation
|Originally from Vietnam, he sought asylum in Germany.<ref name="Self immolation in Germany" />
|-
| {{dts|1994-02-21}} || {{sn|Homa|Darabi}} || 54 || {{flag|Iran}}|| Legal obligation under the Islamic Criminal Code (Art. 139) for women to wear the headscarf in public<ref>{{citation|first=Ellen|last=Wiles|title=Headscarves, Human Rights, and Harmonious Multicultural Society: Implications of the French Ban for Interpretations of Equality|journal=Law & Society Review|year=2007|volume=41|number=3|pages=699–736|doi=10.1111/j.1540-5893.2007.00318.x|jstor=4623399|hdl=10871/120535 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> || Pediatrician, political activist. Died the following day
|-
|March 21, 1994
|Nilgün Yıldırım and Bedriye Taş
|
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Repression of Kurdish identity and traditions
|They immolated themselves on [[Newroz as celebrated by Kurds|Newroz]], an important festivity for the Kurds<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2019/03/newroz-kurdish-new-year-turkey-syria|title=An End to the Darkness|website=jacobinmag.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref>
|-
|-
| {{dts|1994-09-22}} || Ulrich Baer || || {{flag|Germany}} || Pollution || Baer, an environmental official, immolated himself on a trash heap.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1994-09-24 |title=German kills self in apparent pollution protest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-arizona-republic/164431502/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=The Arizona Republic |pages=8}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1995-03-09}} || ''unidentified male'' || || {{flag|United States}} || "Genocide and human rights violations" in Poland; planned deportation to Poland || Immolated himself in an [[International Committee of the Red Cross|International Red Cross]] office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1995-03-10 |title=Man Ordered Deported Burns Himself to Death |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/omaha-world-herald/145949623/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=Omaha World-Herald |pages=3}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1995-04-25}} || data-sort-value="Elstner, Reinhold"|{{Interlanguage link|Reinhold Elstner|lt=|de|Reinhold Elstner|WD=}}|| 75 || {{flag|Germany}} || "Slander and demonization" of German soldiers after World War II || [[Wehrmacht]] veteran. Died in a [[Munich]] hospital 12 hours later.<ref name="rathausumschau">Rathaus-Umschau München, 31. März 2005, S. 6.</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1995-09-03}} || {{sn|Sabine|Kratze|nolink=1}} || 25 || {{flag|Vietnam}}|| Trial of six Buddhist monks<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manager |first=Site |date=2016-05-30 |title=Nonviolent Action: The Ultimate Sacrifice |url=https://kyotoreview.org/issue-19/nonviolent-action-the-ultimate-sacrifice/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia |language=en-US}}</ref>||
|-
|December 15, 1995
|Abdul Raoob
|23
|{{flag|India}}
|Killing of the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]
|Immolated himself in [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]], [[Tamil Nadu]] over the Killings of Sri Lankan Tamils committed by the Sinhalese-dominated Sri Lanka government and to Protest against India playing the Sri Lanka Cricket team in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=அ.அசன்முகமது |date=2011-12-15 |title=தமிழகத்தில் ஈழ நெருப்பை மூட்டிய அப்துல் ரவூப் |url=https://www.keetru.com/index.php/2014-03-08-04-35-27/2014-03-08-12-20-13/17795-2011-12-14-19-00-13?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=3c796d4ce7e3476eef548c02a3d9f2463b363fdc-1576397272-0-AT_MwKoJuCJbx5UyRZQ5xz2CP75JekaVrd5u_SQ8mvuaTG4KIJ6KtoupRoOT9JNiZ9h0FjoFoPZ2aSbz56JusnJd3ZRoK1IXzbvSIiaqaTedqQvCFEkCM9jX8SDyraWCP8Ovq7gX75BaEzjRgNubV3g2e5Eesl-rko2_RwT2hojc5sU6WqrVuwCPp2FG2K2KpbH7WNIGvKaMgsJpPPA1ely5KLd-SygnIX1BTnOFZN0iJJQOhQSVt5Y98iRfkhf8xy7BgvXt42ulQ8PuzKtWKQASiEc1my1EF4sHWSyeA73h-7dDqYKIb3raw3jTrTxuENoEQ4DpYqoC1TpjPHGnDWutW2KOaPNIm5v1UkL9w3O- |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=www.keetru.com |language=ta-in}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1996-10-22}} || {{sn|Kathy|Change}} || 46 || {{flag|United States}}|| For directly democratic community-based self-government{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ||
|-
|January 7, 1998
|''unknown male''
|24
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Imminent deportation
|A Kurdish man who set himself on fire in Wessel, Germany. He sought asylum there.<ref name="Self immolation in Germany" />
|-
| {{dts|1998-01-13}} || {{sn|Alfredo|Ormando}} || 39 || {{flag|Italy}}|| Catholic Church's condemnation of homosexuality<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25453307 |quote="In 1998, Alfredo Ormando died after setting himself on fire in protest at the church's condemnation of homosexuality."|title=Man sets himself on fire in Vatican's St Peter's square |work=BBC News |date=December 19, 2013 }}</ref>||
|-
| {{dts|1998-04-27}} || {{sn|Thupten|Ngodup|nolink=1}} || 60 || {{flag|India}}|| [[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]] || Ex-monk. In protest of police interference with unto-death hunger-strike in Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital after visit by the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tibet.ca/en/newsroom/wtn/archive/old?y=1998&m=4&p=29_4|title=Biography of the late Thubten Ngodup|publisher=Tibet.ca|date=April 29, 1998|access-date=December 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wrybread.com/india/page42.html|title=April 30th|publisher=WryBread.com|date=April 30, 1998|access-date=December 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>P. V. Unnikrishnan, India disasters report, towards a policy initiative, Oxford University Press, 2000; {{ISBN|0-19-565029-8}}, page 270: "Dissent as a Streak of Fire On April 27, 1998 when a 60-year-old former monk immolated himself after a prolonged hunger strike by six of his Tibetan Youth Congress (TYC) colleagues in Delhi. The demand: UN intervention in Tibet."</ref>
|-
| {{dts|1999-02-16}} || {{sn|Necla|Coşkun|nolink=1}} || 14 || {{flag|United Kingdom}}|| Arrest of [[Abdullah Öcalan]] || Survived<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Dying Without Killing: Self-Immolations, 1963–2002|first=Michael|last=Biggs|title=Making Sense of Suicide Missions|editor=Diego Gambetta|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|chapter-url=http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sfos0060/immolation.pdf|isbn=978-0-19-929797-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1999-06-08|title=To die for|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jun/08/gender.uk|access-date=2021-03-23|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|February 1999
|Zülkuf Yilmaz
|
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|Arrest of [[Abdullah Öcalan]]
|Survived<ref>{{Citation|title=10 vor 10 – Selbstverbrennung – Play SRF|url=https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/10-vor-10/video/selbstverbrennung?urn=urn:srf:video:38485665-8fa6-4686-b047-49677bc20007|language=de|access-date=2021-03-23}}</ref>
|}

=== 2000s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Date
! style="width:120px;"| Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
| {{dts|2001-01-23}} || ''various'' || – || {{flag| China}}|| See [[Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident]] ||<ref>Sunderland, Judith. (2002). ''From the Household to the Factory: China's campaign against Falungong.'' Human Rights Watch; {{ISBN|1-56432-269-6}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2001-04-02}} || {{sn|Shahraz|Kayani|nolink=1}} || 48 || {{flag|Australia}}|| Government refusal to grant entry to his wife and daughters || Pakistani refugee<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2001/s351588.htm|title=Immigration Department guilty of mal-administration: Ombudsman|publisher=ABC|location=Australia|date=August 23, 2001|access-date=December 2, 2009}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2001-12-01}} || {{sn|Eduardo|Miño}} || 50 || {{flag| Chile}}|| [[Pizarreño asbestos disaster]] ||<ref>{{Cite web | url= http://www.cooperativa.cl/fallecio-el-hombre-que-se-quemo-a-lo-bonzo-frente-a-la-moneda/prontus_nots/2001-12-01/092300.html | title= Falleció el hombre que se quemó a lo bonzo frente a La Moneda | work=[[Radio Cooperativa]] | access-date=February 28, 2024 |date=December 1, 2001 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2002-11-15}} || {{sn|Milos|Redzepovic|nolink=1}} || 34 || {{flag|Germany}}|| Planned deportation of his family to Serbia || Doused himself in gasoline and immolated himself inside the town hall of [[Syke]]. Died the following day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://taz.de/Abschiebung-eines-psychisch-Kranken/!5097269/ |title=Körper verfrachtbar, Psyche egal |first=Christian |last=Jakob |date=29 March 2012 |work=Die Tageszeitung |access-date=2019-10-31 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2003-03-06}} || {{sn|Zdeněk |Adamec|nolink=1}} || 19 || {{flag|Czech Republic}}|| [[Iraq War]] || Immolated himself in [[Prague]]. Died at the scene.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Koukal |first1=Milan |title=Lidé nosí květiny pro upáleného sebevraha |url=http://www.novinky.cz/clanek/3658-lide-nosi-kvetiny-pro-upaleneho-sebevraha.html |publisher=[[Novinky.cz]] |access-date=13 November 2020 |language=cs |date=March 6, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Самосожжение в Чехии – знак протеста против войны в Ираке? | trans-title=Self-immolation in the Czech Republic. Is it a sign of protest against the war in Iraq? |url=https://www.dw.com/ru/%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%B2-%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5/a-823159 |website=dw.com |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=13 November 2020 |language=ru |date=April 2, 2003}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2004-07-21}} || {{sn|Mordehai (Hamimo)|Cohen|nolink=1}} || 30 || {{flag| Israel}}|| Rejection of work license || Immolated himself during a City Hall assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/54/ART2/388/175.html?hp=54&cat=873&loc=60|title=Hamimo Cohen sets himself on fire|work=NRG|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2004-10-05}} || {{sn|Maggy|Mufu Delvaux|nolink=1}} || 44 || {{flag| Luxembourg}}|| Protest against institutionalized racism|| Immolated herself in a public place<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/vous/article/2004/10/19/au-luxembourg-une-mere-congolaise-se-suicide-dans-l-indifference_383550_3238.html|title=Au Luxembourg, une mère congolaise se suicide dans l'indifférence|work=Le Monde|date=October 19, 2004|access-date=June 5, 2019}}</ref> Money problems resulting from the Luxembourgish government denying her family the authorisation to open a garage despite meeting all the legal requirements and suing the State for discrimination have driven the woman to desperately plead her case publicly after writing an open letter to the Prime Minister warning him of what she was about to do. However no help was sent to her to prevent her immolation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thepatrioticvanguard.com/belgium-black-woman-sets-herself-on-fire|title=Belgium: Black woman sets herself on fire|date=2007-10-19|website=The Patriotic Vanguard|language=en|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2005-08-17}} || {{sn|Yelena|Businov|nolink=1}} || 54 || rowspan="2" | {{flag| Israel}}|| rowspan="2" |Protest against the [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/features/for-the-land-she-loved-to-death-1.168473|title=For the land she loved to death|date=August 30, 2005|work=Haaretz.com|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2005-08-31}} || {{sn|Baruch|Ben Menahem|nolink=1}} || 21 ||<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3138570,00.html|title=ynet מת מפצעיו הצעיר שהצית עצמו בגלל ההתנתקות – חדשות|work=ynet|date=September 6, 2005|access-date=December 20, 2014|language=he|last1=וייס|first1=אפרת}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2006-03-28}} || {{sn|Eleftheria Fourtoulaki||nolink=1}}|| || {{flag| Greece}}|| Treatment of [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] in Turkey ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Dion|first=B.|url=http://archive.enet.gr/online/online_text/c=112,dt=30.03.2006,id=27353960|title=Ελεύθερο Κουρδιστάν ή θάνατος...|work=Eleftherotypia|date=2006-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005104051/http://archive.enet.gr/online/online_text/c=112,dt=30.03.2006,id=27353960|archive-date=2010-10-05|language=el}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2006-06-11}} || {{sn|Pravin|Joshi|nolink=1}} || 30 || {{flag| India}}|| Screening of ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' || Died 9 days later.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/21/stories/2006062107441500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523185526/http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/21/stories/2006062107441500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 23, 2008 |title=Fanaa: man who immolates dies|date=June 21, 2006 |access-date=December 2, 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2006-10-31}} || {{sn|Roland|Weisselberg}} || 73 || {{flag| Germany}}|| Spread of Islam || Former Lutheran pastor immolated himself in a former monastery in [[Erfurt]]. Died the following day.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-dec-28-fg-priest28-story.html| title=Pastor's fiery protest mystifies many |first=Jeffrey |last=Fleishman |date=December 28, 2006 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2006-11-03}} || {{sn|Malachi|Ritscher}} || 52 || {{flag| United States}}|| [[War in Iraq]] || Died at the scene.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/1127-08.htm |title=Activist's Fiery Death Prompts Questions |agency=Associated Press |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=November 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827121030/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/1127-08.htm |archive-date=August 27, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|-
|November 23, 2006
|Lhakpa Tsering
| 23
|{{flag| India}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Survived<ref>Newman, M. (2007, July 4). Interview #69 – Lhakpa Tsering. ''Tibet Oral History Project''. https://www.tibetoralhistory.org/Interviews/69_Lhakpa_Tsering.pdf</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2007-03-07}} || {{sn|Uddhav|Bhandari|nolink=1}} || 40 || {{flag| United Kingdom}}|| Asylum policy || Nepali asylum seeker<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/glasgow_and_west/6468103.stm|title=Fire protest asylum seeker dies|publisher=BBC News|date=2007-03-19|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2007-04-01}} || {{sn|Heo|Se-uk}} || 54 || {{flag| South Korea}}|| [[South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/203235.html|title=Man who immolated himself in protest of FTA dies|work=The Hankyoreh|date=2007-04-16|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2008-10-01}} || {{sn|Ramiro Guillén|Tapia|nolink=1}} || 65 || {{flag| Mexico}}|| [https://www.informador.mx/Mexico/Campesino-mexicano-muere-tras-prenderse-fuego-en-plaza-20081001-0077.html Protest against the dispossession and destruction of lands by the local government in the city of] [[Xalapa]]||Immolated himself after being informed that the governor had [https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/69689.html canceled discussions to end the agrarian conflict.]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Oct01/0,4670,LTMexicoSelfImmolation,00.html|title=Mexican farm leader dies after setting himself onfire|work=Fox News|date=March 12, 2012 |access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2009-01-29}} || {{sn|Kumar|Muthukumar}} || 26 || {{flag| India}}|| Killing of the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] || Inspired several other self-immolations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=79&artid=28208|title=Last statement of Muthukumar|publisher=Tamilnet.com|access-date=December 2, 2009}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2009-02-12}} || {{sn|Murugathasan|Varnakulasingham|nolink=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Self-immolation_of_Murugathasan_Varnakulasingham}}|| 26 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || Killing of the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] || Inspired several other self-immolations<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/19/tamil-suicide-protest-geneva|title=Tamil killed himself 'to guide others to liberation'|work=The Guardian|access-date=June 26, 2012|location=London, UK|first=Sam|last=Jones|date=February 19, 2009}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2009-02-27}} || Tapey || mid-20s || {{flag|China}}|| [[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]] || Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Shot<ref name="savetibet-list-tapey">{{cite web |url=http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#Tapey |title=Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Tapey |publisher=Savetibet.org |access-date=November 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#Tapey |archive-date=November 10, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> by Chinese police while on fire, and then taken away by them. Current status unknown.<ref name="savetibet-list-tapey" />
|-
| {{dts|2009-11-13}} || {{sn|Tang|Fu-zhen|Tang Fu-zhen self-immolation incident}} || 47
|{{flag|China}}|| Forced demolition of her home || Died 16 days later.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/opinion/26iht-edcohen.html |date=2010-01-25 |work=The New York Times |title=A Woman Burns |first=Roger |last=Cohen|author-link=Roger Cohen|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2009-12-03}} || {{sn|Kasoju|Srikanth Chary|nolink=1}} || 24 || {{flag| India}}|| For statehood of [[Telangana]] || Died the following day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siasat.com/news/trs-activist-srikanth-cremated-61311/|title=TRS activist Srikanth cremated|work=The Siasat Daily|date=December 5, 2009 |access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref>
|}

=== 2010s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! style="width:120px;" | Date
! style="width:120px;" | Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
|{{dts|2010-02-20}}||{{sn|Siripur|Yadaiah|nolink=1}}|| 19 || rowspan="2" |{{flag| India }}|| rowspan="2" | For statehood of [[Telangana]]|| Student. Immolated himself at the main gate of [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]]. Died the next day in hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/telangana-telangana-fire-2-333822.html |title=Telangana protestor succumbs to 80 pc burns |date=February 21, 2010 |publisher=News18 |access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Student-who-set-himself-ablaze-for-Telangana-cause-dies/articleshow/5598698.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |title=Student who set himself ablaze for Telangana cause dies |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2010-02-21|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2010-07-31}}||{{sn|Eshan|Reddy|nolink=1}}|| 20s || Student. Immolated himself as an offering for a deity for the cause of statehood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_student-commits-suicide-for-telangana-osmania-univ-tense_1416864|title=Student commits suicide for Telangana, Osmania Univ tense|work=dna|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2010-09-10}}||{{sn||Ye Zhongcheng|Yihuang self-immolation incident}}|| 79 ||{{flag| China}}||Forced demolition of their home || Zhongcheng immolated himself with two family members and died on September 18.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/2010-10/11/content_21097539.htm |title=Party officials removed after self-immolation protest| access-date=2016-11-26 |date=October 11, 2010 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |publisher=China.org.cn}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2010-12-17}}||[[Mohamed Bouazizi|Tarek el-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi]]|| 26 ||{{flag| Tunisia}}|| Corruption in government || Inspired the [[Tunisian revolution]] leading to ouster of [[Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali|President Ben Ali]] and further revolutions of the [[Arab Spring]]. Survived until he died on January 4, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/bouazizi-has-become-a-tunisian-protest-symbol-1.571546|title=Bouazizi has become a Tunisian protest 'symbol'|date=January 13, 2011 |publisher=The National |access-date=January 14, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-01-07}}
|Hosni Kalaya
|40
|{{flag| Tunisia}}
|Corruption in government
|Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation. Survived.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebel |first=Francesca |date=17 December 2020 |title=Self-immolation persists as grim form of protest in Tunisia |url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-tunisia-coronavirus-pandemic-fires-tunis-a995219697e8085918bfa54a63880a3b |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-01-16}}||{{sn|Venugopala|Reddy|nolink=1}}|| 20s||{{flag| India }}|| For statehood of [[Telangana]]|| MCA student immolated himself near his university auditorium,died on the spot.<ref>{{cite news|last=Janyala |first=Sreenivas |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/fresh-telangana-stir-over-students-death/569725/0|title=Fresh Telangana stir over student's death|work=The Indian Express|date=2010-01-21|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-01-16}}||{{sn|Mohsen|Bouterfif|nolink=1}}|| – ||{{flag| Algeria}}|| Unemployment and housing || Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation in Tunisia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/01/20111162363063915.html|title=Algerian dies from self-immolation|publisher=Al Jazeera English |access-date=January 17, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-01-16}}||{{sn||Bhavani|nolink=1}}||18||{{flag| India }}|| For statehood of [[Telangana]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/student-commits-suicide-for-telangana/20111002.htm|title=Student commits suicide for Telangana|date=October 2, 2011|work=rediff.com|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-01-17}}||{{sn|Yacoub Ould|Dahoud|nolink=1}}|| 43 ||{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}|| Political situation in Mauritania ||<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110118224046/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iKXN1ZN3SS8LoK9Kz-0Eb_jPgk-Q?docId=bf0a61839db345c387e71f11b09f166c Mauritanian man sets himself ablaze in capital], google.com; accessed May 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-01-23}}
|Unnamed man
|60s
|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|Political situation in Saudi Arabia
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12260465|title=Man dies in Saudi self-immolation|date=2011|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2017-09-28|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-02-21}}||{{sn|Mustafa||nolink=1}}||40||{{flag| India }}|| For statehood of [[Telangana]]||<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Lensman-attempts-suicide/articleshow/7536272.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Lensman attempts suicide|date=2011-02-20|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-03-16}}||{{sn|Rigzin|Phuntsog|Phuntsog self-immolation incident#March incident}}|| 21 ||{{flag|China}}||[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]|| Monk of [[Kirti Monastery]]. In Ngaba, [[Amdo]]. Beaten by police before they extinguished the flames. Died in hospital.<ref name="abctibet2011">{{in lang|es}} [http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=968342 China endurecerá la seguridad en las regiones tibetanas tras las inmolaciones]- ABC</ref><ref name="savetibet-list-phuntsog">{{cite web|url=http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#Phuntsog|title=Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Phuntsog|publisher=SaveTibet.org|access-date=November 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#Phuntsog|archive-date=November 10, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="savetibet-list">[http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet Self-Immolation Fact Sheet]({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet |date=November 10, 2011 }})</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-06-15}}||{{sn|Thomas James|Ball|Thomas_Ball_(activist)}}|| 58 ||{{flag| United States}}||[[Father's rights]] and family court injustice || Immolated himself on the steps of a family courthouse in New Hampshire. Died on the spot.{{cn|date=April 2025}}
|-
|{{dts|2011-06-30}}
|{{sn|Aidar|Saparov|nolink=1}}
|
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Negligence by [[Police of Kazakhstan|police]], social injustice
|As protest to the unsolved murder of his nephew and negligence of the Police regarding the case, immolated himself in the [[Alga, Kazakhstan|Alga]], [[Aktobe Region]] Prosecutor General's office, ran outside the building. Bystanders took out the fire, and Saparov was rushed to the hospital. He survived.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azattyq.org/a/kazakhstan_suicide/27339585.html |title=Өзін-өзі өртеген қазақстандықтар |language=kk |last=Тоғызбаев |first=Қазис |website=[[Radio Free Europe]] |date=2 November 2015 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-08-15}}||{{sn|Tsewang|Norbu|nolink=1}}|| 29 ||{{flag|China}}||[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]|| Monk of Nyitso monastery in Kham Tawu. In Tawu. Died soon afterwards.<ref name="abctibet2011" /><ref name="savetibet-list" /><ref name="savetibet-list-tsewang">{{cite web|url=http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#TsewangNorbu|title=Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Tsewang Norbu|publisher=SaveTibet.org|access-date=November 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#TsewangNorbu|archive-date=November 10, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-08-28}}||{{sn||Senkodi|nolink=1}}|| 27 ||{{flag| India }}|| Convictions in the [[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi]] case || A Tamil woman immolated herself in front of a [[tahsil]] office at [[Kanchipuram]] to protest death sentences of [[A. G. Perarivalan]], V. Sriharan (alias Murugan), and T. Suthendraraja (alias Santhan). She died the same day.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110829/jsp/nation/story_14438207.jsp| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601000918/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110829/jsp/nation/story_14438207.jsp| url-status=dead| archive-date=June 1, 2015| title=Suicide to stop hanging – Protests against Rajiv Killers' execution grow in Tamil Nadu |first=G.C. |last=Shekhar |date=August 28, 2011 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-09-16}}||{{sn|Apostolos|Polyzonis|nolink=1}}|| 55||{{flag|Greece}}||[[European sovereign-debt crisis]]|| Immolated himself in front of a bank in [[Thessaloniki]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-15357318 Why Apostolos Polyzonis set himself on fire in Greece], [[BBC]], October 19, 2011.</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2011-09-23}}
|{{Sn|Andrzej|Żydek|nolink=yes}}
||49
|{{Flag|Poland}}
|Opposition to the [[Civic Platform]] government
| Occurred in front of the [[Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland]]. A letter to [[Donald Tusk]] was found attached to a bench in the park.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/podpalil-sie-przed-kancelaria-jest-sledztwo,213794.html|title=Podpalił się przed kancelarią. Jest śledztwo|date=September 23, 2011 |access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/polska/andrzej-z-z-biedy-podpali-sie-pod-kancelaria-premiera-zostawil-list-do-donalda-tuska-zyce-dobrego-sa_206812.html|title=Andrzej Ż. z BIEDY PODPALIŁ SIĘ przed Kancelarią Premiera. Zostawił LIST do Donalda Tuska: Życzę dobrego samopoczucia|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|September 26, 2011
|Lobsang Kelsang
|18
| rowspan="10" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="29" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself on the streets of Ngaba alongside Lobsang Kunchok. Survived but was imprisoned for 6 years<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=2011-11-20 |title=Tibet rocked by wave of self-immolation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/tibet-rocked-by-wave-of-selfimmolation-6265090.html |access-date= |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Fact Sheet on Tibetan Self-Immolation Protests in Tibet Since February 2009 |url=https://tibet.net/important-issues/factsheet-immolation-2011-2012/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |date=January 31, 2012 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|September 26, 2011
|Lobsang Kunchok
|18
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself on the streets of Ngaba alongside Lobsang Kelsang. Survived with leg amputated and imprisoned for 6 years.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|October 3, 2011
|Kelsang Wangchuk
|17
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself on the streets of Ngaba. Status unknown.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|October 7, 2011
|Khaying
|18
|Former monk turned nomad. Immolated himself on the streets of Ngaba alongside Choephel. Died the next day.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|October 7, 2011
|Choephel
|19
|Former monk turned nomad. Immolated himself on the streets of Ngaba alongside Khaying. Died 4 days later.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|October 15, 2011
|Norbu Dramdul
|19
|Former monk turned Nomad. Immolated himself on the streets of Ngaba. Died on January 5, 2012.<ref name=":11" />
|-
|October 17, 2011
|Tenzin Wangmo
|20
|Nun from Mame Dechen Chokorling Nunnery in Ngaba. Immolated herself at the intersection of Sancta bridge and the nunnery. Died 10 minutes after at the scene.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|October 25, 2011
|Dawa Tsering
|38
|Monk from Kandze Monastery. Immolated himself at the monastery. Status unknown but presumed dead.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Owen |first=Emily-Anne |date=4 Nov 2011 |title=Self-immolations on the rise in Tibet |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2011/11/4/self-immolations-on-the-rise-in-tibet |access-date= |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 3, 2011
|Palden Choetso
|35
|Nun from Geden Choeling Nunnery in Tawu. Immolated herself on the same exact spot Tsewang Norbu stood on 3 months prior. Whilst burning, she stood completely still whilst praying before she died.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peralta |first=Eyder |date=November 3, 2011 |title=Another Tibetan Nun Sets Herself On Fire |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/11/03/141990889/another-tibetan-nun-sets-herself-on-fire |work=NPR}}</ref><ref name=":13" />
|-
|November 4, 2011
|Sherab Tsedor
|25
|Immolated himself in front of Chinese embassy in New Delhi, India. Survived<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-03 |title=Tibetan Sets Himself on Fire in Indian Capital |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/tibetan-sets-himself-on-fire-in-indian-capital-133235538/168178.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 10, 2011
|Bhutuk
|40
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|Survived.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-01 |title=Self-Immolation Survivor Bhutuk Tells His Story - Tibetan Magazine for Tibet News & Issues |url=https://www.contactmagazine.net/self-immolation-survivor-bhutuk-tells-his-story/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibetan Magazine for Tibet News & Issues - Daily Tibetan News and Issues}}</ref>
|-
|December 1, 2011
|Tenzin Phuntsok
|46
| rowspan="18" |{{flag|China}}
|Former monk turned farmer from Chamdo. Immolated himself in Chamdo. Died 5 days later.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Woeser |first=Tsering |date=2016-02-05 |title=Tibet's Epidemic of Suicides by Fire |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/129300/tibets-epidemic-suicides-fire |access-date= |magazine=The New Republic |issn=0028-6583}}</ref>
|-
|January 6, 2012
|Tennyi
|20
|Former monk turned nomad from Ngaba. Immolated himself at a hotel courtyard in Ngaba alongside Tsultrim. Died at the scene<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Associated Foreign |date=2012-01-08 |title=Two former Tibetan monks set themselves on fire |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/two-former-tibetan-monks-set-themselves-on-fire-323284-Jan2012/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=TheJournal.ie |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|January 6, 2012
|Tsultrim
|20
|Former monk turned nomad from Ngaba. Immolated himself at a hotel courtyard in Ngaba alongside Tennyi. Died the day after<ref name=":14" />
|-
|January 8, 2012
|Lama Sopa
|42
|Rinpoche from Darlag. Immolated himself at a hotel courtyard in Darlag. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dead Lama Urged Unity |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/unity-01202012161051.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=January 20, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|January 14, 2012
|Lobsang Jamyang
|21
|Former monk turned nomad from Ngaba. Immolated himself in the middle of Ngaba. Died shortly after.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-26 |title=China: Refrain From Using Excessive Force Against Protesters {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/01/26/china-refrain-using-excessive-force-against-protesters |access-date= |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|February 8, 2012
|Rigzin Dorjee
|19
|Former monk turned nomad from Ngaba. Immolated himself near a school in Ngaba. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2012-02-09 |title=Tibetan Self-Immolates in Ngaba |url=https://tibet.net/tibetan-self-immolates-in-ngaba/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 9, 2012
|Sonam Rabyang
|42
|Monk from Lab Monastery in Tridu. Immolated himself on the main road of Tridu. Survived but both legs amputated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-22 |title=Monk Survives Tibet Self-immolation but Loses Legs |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/monk-survives-tibetan-self-immoloatin-but-loses-legs-/1608122.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|February 10, 2012
|Tenzin Choedron
|18
|Nun from Mame Dechen Chokorling nunnery in Ngaba. Immolated herself near a temple. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-12 |title=18-Year-Old Tibetan Nun Dies After Self-Immolation |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/article-18-year-old-tibetan-nun-dies-after-self-immolation--139182584/1267208.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|February 13, 2012
|Lobsang Gyatso
|19
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba county. Survived but was imprisoned for 5 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-02-14 |title=Another Tibetan monk sets himself on fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-17024388 |access-date= |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|February 17, 2012
|Damchoe Sangpo
|38
|Monk from Bongthak Monastery. Immolated himself at the monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2012-02-18 |title=A Monk Teacher Dies of Self Immolation |url=https://tibet.net/a-monk-teacher-died-of-self-immolation/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 19, 2012
|Nangdrol
|18
|Student from Dzamthang. Immolated himself in Dzamthang county. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Tibet: Teenage Monk Latest Victim Of Self-Immolation |url=https://unpo.org/article/13912 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=unpo.org|date=November 2, 2009 }}</ref>
|-
|March 3, 2012
|Tsering Kyi
|20
|Student and nomad from Nyima. Immolated himself at a market in Nyima. Whilst Chinese merchants threw stones at her in disgust, she held her fist up representing unity and freedom. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-04 |title=Tibetan School Girl Dies in Self-Immolation Protest |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/tibetan-school-girl-dies-in-self-immolation-protest--141460543/179166.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|March 4, 2012
|Rinchen Kyi
|32
|Mother of 4 and herder from Ngaba. Immolated herself near the Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Died at the scene.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Martina |first=Michael |date=March 28, 2012 |title=Factbox: Self-immolations by Tibetans |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-tibet-burnings/factbox-self-immolations-by-tibetans-idINDEE82S01420120329/ |work=Reuters}}</ref>
|-
|March 5, 2012
|Dorjee
|18
|Nomad from Chara. Immolated himself near a Chinese office in Chara. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Third Self-Immolation in Three Days |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/third-03052012140822.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=March 5, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|March 10, 2012
|Gepey
|18
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself near a military camp in Ngaba. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=2012-03-13 |title=Tibetan teenager self-immolates on anniversary of failed uprising |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/13/tibetan-teenager-self-immolates-revolt-anniversary |access-date=2024-03-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
|March 14, 2012
|Jamyang Palden
|34
|Monk from Rongpo Monastery in Rebkong. Immolated himself outside the Rongpo Monastery and lit himself on fire. Died on September 29.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |date=2012-03-14 |title=Another Tibetan Monk Sets Himself on Fire to Protest Chinese Rule |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/world/asia/another-tibetan-monk-sets-himself-on-fire-to-protest-chinese-rule.html |access-date= |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
|-
|March 16, 2012
|Lobsang Tsultrum
|20
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba. Died 3 days after. Cousin of Norbu Damdrul who immolated himself on October 15, 2011.<ref name=":12" />
|-

|{{dts|2012-03-17}}||{{sn|Sonam|Thargyal|nolink=1}} (Dargye, Dhargay) || 44
|Farmer in Rebkong, [[Amdo]]. Died on the spot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tibet Immolation Factsheet – Sonam Thargyal |url=http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#SonamThargyal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#SonamThargyal |archive-date=November 10, 2011 |access-date=March 31, 2012 |publisher=International Campaign for Tibet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Farmer Dies in New Burning Protest |date=March 17, 2012 |url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/blaze-03172012102709.html |access-date=March 31, 2012 |publisher=Radio Free Asia}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-24}}||{{sn|L Bhoja|Naik|nolink=1}}|| 21 || rowspan="6" |{{flag|India}}|| For statehood of [[Telangana]]|| MBA student immolated himself in front of his college. Died on the spot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/a-srinivasa-rao/story/telangana-erupts-as-activists-take-their-own-lives-98028-2012-04-03|title=Telangana erupts as activists take their own lives|date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-26}}||{{sn|Jamphel|Yeshi|2012 BRICS summit#Protests}}|| 27 ||[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]|| Layperson in Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-china-tibet-idUSBRE82R0E220120328|title=Tibetan dies from self-immolation in India before Hu visit|work=Reuters|access-date=March 31, 2012|date=March 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h-uMOeuO9tx-OzCCTFLI9KFXNG9A?docId=dce53ff0a6284410af6f021b156de152|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329020452/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h-uMOeuO9tx-OzCCTFLI9KFXNG9A?docId=dce53ff0a6284410af6f021b156de152|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 29, 2012|title=Tibetan lights self on fire at anti-China protest|agency=Associated Press|access-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-26}}|| Rajmouli || 40 || rowspan="4" | For statehood of [[Telangana]]||<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/another-man-dies-for-telangana-trs-calls-for-shutdown/story-qqEMoilNGKICGaabtIvf8O.html|title=Another man dies for Telangana, TRS calls for shutdown|work=Hindustan Times |agency=Indo-Asian News Service|date=2012-03-26|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ap-suicide-politics-back-on-the-boil/243065-60-114.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710193734/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ap-suicide-politics-back-on-the-boil/243065-60-114.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 10, 2012|title=AP: Suicide politics back on the boil|work=IBNLive|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-26}}||{{sn|B.R.|Goud|nolink=1}}|| n/a ||<ref name="hindustantimes.com" />
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-27}}||{{sn||Pallavi|nolink=1}}|| 17 || Died later in hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/one-more-suicide-attempt-for-telangana/243419-60-114.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710120256/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/one-more-suicide-attempt-for-telangana/243419-60-114.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 10, 2012|title=One more suicide attempt for Telangana|work=IBNLive|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-27}}||{{sn|Kalakanchi|Ilaiah|nolink=1}}|| 30 || Scrap dealer.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Two-attempt-suicide-for-Telangana/articleshow/12436099.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709185203/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-28/hyderabad/31249162_1_telangana-congress-leaders-telangana-issue-separate-telangana-state|url-status=live|archive-date=July 9, 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Two attempt suicide for Telangana|date=March 28, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-28}}||{{sn|Lobsang|Sherab|nolink=1}}|| 20 ||{{flag|China}}||[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]|| Monk of [[Kirti Monastery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=31156&article=Fire+rages+on%3a+Tibetan+monk+dies+in+fiery+protest|title=Fire rages on: Tibetan monk dies in fiery protest|publisher=Phayul.com|access-date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=November 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126035552/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=31156&article=Fire+rages+on%3a+Tibetan+monk+dies+in+fiery+protest|url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[Ngaba]], [[Amdo]]. Died on the spot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#LobsangSherab|title=Tibet Immolation Factsheet – Lobsang Sherab|publisher=International Campaign for Tibet|access-date=March 31, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#LobsangSherab|archive-date=November 10, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-03282012142200.html|title=Kirti Monk Self-Immolates, Dies|date=March 28, 2012 |publisher=Radio Free Asia|access-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-28}}||{{sn|K|Uppalaiah|nolink=1}}|| 30 || rowspan="2" | {{Flag|India}} || rowspan="2" | For statehood of [[Telangana]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/another-suicide-for-telangana/243731-60-114.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710001832/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/another-suicide-for-telangana/243731-60-114.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 10, 2012|title=Another suicide for Telangana|work=IBNLive|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-28}}||{{sn|Sripuram|Srikanth|nolink=1}}|| 23|| Died on March 30 at the Osmania General Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/man-who-tried-immolation-wednesday-dies-268|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405153455/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/hyderabad/man-who-tried-immolation-wednesday-dies-268|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 5, 2012|title=Man who tried immolation on Wednesday dies|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-30}}||{{sn|Tenpa|Dhargyal|nolink=1}} (Darjey) || 22 || rowspan="2" |{{flag|China}}|| rowspan="2" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]|| Monk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, [[Amdo]]. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces. Current status unknown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#TenpaDarjey|title=Tibet Immolation Factsheet – Tenpa Darjey|publisher=International Campaign for Tibet|access-date=March 31, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#TenpaDarjey|archive-date=November 10, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rfa20120331">{{cite web|url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-03302012093353.html|title=Two More Monks Burn Themselves|date=March 30, 2012 |publisher=Radio Free Asia|access-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-30}}||{{sn|Chimey|Palden|nolink=1}} (Chime) || 21 || Monk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, [[Amdo]]. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces.<ref name="rfa20120331" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#ChimeyPalden|title=Tibet Immolation Factsheet – Chimey Palden|publisher=International Campaign for Tibet|access-date=March 31, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110154735/http://www.savetibet.org/resource-center/maps-data-fact-sheets/self-immolation-fact-sheet#ChimeyPalden|archive-date=November 10, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Died later that day around midnight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=31161&article=Self-immolation+death+toll+rises+to+24+in+Tibet%2c+Chimey+Palden+declared+dead|title=Self-immolation death toll rises to 24 in Tibet, Chimey Palden declared dead|publisher=Phayul.com|access-date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130235330/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=31161&article=Self-immolation+death+toll+rises+to+24+in+Tibet%2c+Chimey+Palden+declared+dead|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-30}}||{{sn|Shyamapuri|Shankar|nolink=1}}|| 24|| rowspan="2" |{{flag| India}}|| rowspan="2" | For statehood of [[Telangana]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Another-youth-attempts-suicide-for-Telangana/articleshow/12487113.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517182017/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-01/hyderabad/31270124_1_youth-attempts-suicide-telangana-state-unemployed-youth |url-status=live |archive-date=May 17, 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Another youth attempts suicide for Telangana|date=April 1, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-03-30}}||{{sn|Bandavath|Suresh|nolink=1}}|| 25 || Suffered 50% burns.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Another-suicide-attempt-by-Telangana-supporter/articleshow/12475004.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701165135/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-31/hyderabad/31266332_1_suicide-attempt-degree-student-tribal-youth|url-status=live|archive-date=July 1, 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Another suicide attempt by Telangana supporter|date=March 31, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|April 6, 2012
|Tulku Athup
|47
| rowspan="12" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="12" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Rinpoche at his monastery. Immolated himself with his niece Atse at his home. Died at the scene.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-03-27 |title=New report confirms self-immolation of Tulku Athup and his niece |url=https://tibet.net/new-report-confirms-self-immolation-of-tulku-athup-and-his-niece/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|April 6, 2012
|Atse
|23
|Nun from Seda Larung Wuming Tibetan Buddhist Institute in Tawu. Immolated herself with her uncle in Tawu at his home. Died at the scene<ref name=":15" />
|-
|April 19, 2012
|Sonam
|20's
|Student from Barma. Immolated himself in Barma with his cousin Choepak Kyab. Died at the scene.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |title=Two Tibetan Cousins Self-Immolate |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-04192012082147.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=April 19, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 19, 2012
|Choepak Kyab
|20's
|Student from Barma. Immolated himself in Barma with his cousin Sonam. Died at the scene.<ref name=":24" />
|-
|May 27, 2012
|Dorjee Tseten
|19
|Originally from Bora but was a waiter in Lhasa. Immolated himself in front of the Potala Palace in Lhasa alongside Dhargye. Died at the scene.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web |title=Two Tibetans Burn Themselves in Lhasa |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-05272012123432.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=May 27, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|May 27, 2012
|Dhargye
|25
|Originally from Ngaba but was a waiter in Lhasa. Immolated himself in front of the Potala palace in Lhasa alongside Dorjee Tseten. Died 41 days after the protest.<ref name=":25" />
|-
|May 30, 2012
|Rikyo
|33
|Mother of 2 and nomad. Immolated herself near the Jonang Monastery in Dzamthang. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=December 5 |first1=Clare |last2=Reply |first2=2012 at 10:50 am · |date=2012-12-03 |title="The Testimonies Left Behind By Tibetan Self-Immolators" By Woeser |url=https://highpeakspureearth.com/the-testimonies-left-behind-by-tibetan-self-immolators-by-woeser/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|June 15, 2012
|Tamding Thar
|50's
|Nomad from Chentsa. Immolated himself near a police station in Chentsa. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2012-06-15 |title=Tamding Thar Self-immolates, CTA Urges China to Address Tibetan Grievances (Updated) |url=https://tibet.net/tamding-thar-self-immolates-cta-urges-china-to-address-tibetan-grievances/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|June 20, 2012
|Tenzin Khedup
|24
|Former monk turned nomad from Dzatoe. On a street in Dzatoe, Tenzin and Ngawang Norphel both waved the Tibetan flag and immolated himself. Died at the scene.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Garnaut |first=John |date=2012-06-21 |title=Tibetan protests spread in independence fight |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/tibetan-protests-spread-in-independence-fight-20120621-20r09.html |access-date= |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-01 |title=China: Stop Sentencing Tibetans for "Inciting" Immolations {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/01/china-stop-sentencing-tibetans-inciting-immolations |access-date= |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|June 20, 2012
|Ngawang Norphel
|22
|Nomad and carpenter from Dzatoe. On a street in Dzatoe, Ngawang and Tenzin Khedup both waved the Tibetan flag and immolated himself. Died 40 days after his protest.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17" />
|-
|June 27, 2012
|Dickyi Choezom
|40's
|Businesswoman and mother of 2 from Yulshul. Immolated herself at the Dhondupling monastery. Last reported to be hospitalized.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-04 |title=Land seizure protests in Keygudo prompts self-immolation |url=http://www.phayul.com/2012/07/04/31688/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Phayul |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|July 7, 2012
|Tsewang Dorjee
|22
|Nomad and vendor from Damshung. Immolated himself at a market in Damshung. Died later that night.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2012-07-10 |title=Self-immolating youth identified as Tsewang Dorjee, All witnesses arrested |url=https://tibet.net/self-immolating-youth-identified-as-tsewang-dorjee-all-witnesses-arrested/ |access-date= |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-07-14}}||{{sn|Moshe|Silman}}|| 57|| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Israel}}|| Social justice march in [[Tel Aviv]]|| Social justice activist, suffered 90% burns.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Social-justice-activist-sets-himself-on-fire-in-Tel-Aviv|work=The Jerusalem Post|title=Social justice activist sets himself on fire in Tel Aviv|last=Lappin|first=Yaakov|date=2012-07-14|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> Died July 20 in hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/Activist-Silman-who-set-self-on-fire-dies-of-wounds-278294| work=The Jerusalem Post|title=Activist Silman who set self on fire dies of wounds|date=2012-07-20|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-07-16}}||{{sn|Zion|Vaknin|nolink=1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4260724,00.html|title=mynet באר שבע – ציון וקנין מב"ש מספר למה ניסה להצית את עצמו|work=ynet|access-date=December 20, 2014|language=he}}</ref>|| 46 || Social injustice protest || At [[Beersheba]]'s city hall, in protest of debts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4256312,00.html|work=ynetews|script-title=he:דרמה בב"ש: ניסה להצית עצמו מול בניין העיריה|date=July 16, 2012|language=he}}</ref>
|-
|July 17, 2012
|Lobsang Lozin
|18
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Monk from Gedhun Tashi Choeling Monastery in Barkham. Immolated himself in front of a Chinese government building in front of the monastery. Reported to walk 100 steps before he died from his burns.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2012-07-18 |title=Teenage Tibetan monk dies after setting himself on fire in China |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/18/teenage-tibetan-monk-dies-china |access-date= |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-07-18}}||{{sn|Valentina|Gerasimovna|nolink=1}}|| 57 ||{{flag|Russia}}|| || A woman attempted to self-immolate at the public reception center of the ruling [[United Russia]] party in Novosibirsk. Earlier, she addressed the party's public reception center for legal advice as an apartment buyer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=348153|title=Investigators probe incitement to suicide in self-immolation attempt at United Russia public center in Novosibirsk (Part 2)|agency=Interfax|date=2012-07-18|access-date=2019-06-01|archive-date=December 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220202504/http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=348153|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/police-probe-self-immolation-in-siberia/24649072.html|title=Police Probe Self-Immolation Act In Ruling Party's Office In Siberia|publisher=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|date=2012-07-18|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> Died in a hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interfax.co.uk/russia-cis-general-news-bulletins-in-english/novosibirsk-self-immolation-woman-dies-in-hospital|title=Novosibirsk self-immolation woman dies in hospital|agency=Interfax|access-date=January 11, 2018}}{{dead link|date=June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2012-07-20}}||{{sn|Akiva|Mafi|nolink=1}}|| 45||{{flag|Israel}}|| Social injustice protest || Akiva Mafi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/national/disabled-idf-veteran-sets-himself-on-fire-in-yehud-1.452777|title=Disabled IDF veteran sets himself on fire in Yehud|date=July 22, 2012|work=Haaretz|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref> (45) Disabled IDF veteran sets himself on fire in [[Yehud, Israel|Yehud]], on behalf of wounded veterans.<ref>He made that [http://www.103.fm/programs/Media.aspx?ZrqvnVq=FIKDEM&c41t4nzVQ=EF because] of the social services</ref><ref>Brother of the 45-year-old disabled veteran who immolated himself at Yehud bus stop tells Haaretz: [https://www.haaretz.com/news/national/brother-of-veteran-who-set-himself-alight-idf-doesn-t-love-you-when-you-re-wounded.premium-1.452804 "The army loves you three feet under, but doesn't love you when you're wounded."]</ref> Died August 1, 2012.<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4262456,00.html Disabled veteran who set himself on fire dies Akiva Mafi'i, 45, who self-immolated at a bus stop in Yahud some 10 days ago, succumbs to wounds], ynetnews</ref> New agency established to prevent more cases.
|-
|{{dts|2012-07-30}}|| Đặng Thị Kim Liêng || 64 ||{{flag|Vietnam}}|| Against [[2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/31/vietnamese-blogger-mother-fire-tan|title=Vietnamese blogger's mother sets herself on fire as daughter faces trial|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2012-07-31|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>||[[Tạ Phong Tần]]'s mother. Immolated herself in the early morning. Died en route to the hospital.<ref name="G2">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/05/vietnam-blog-shame |title=Vietnam's blog shame |author=Kamila Shamsie |date=5 August 2012 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=August 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807055030/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/aug/05/vietnam-blog-shame |access-date=14 August 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|August 6, 2012
|Lobsang Tsultrim
|21
| rowspan="7" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="60" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Monk from Kirti Monastery. Immolated himself on a street in Ngaba that is known as "Hero Street". Died later that night.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2012-08-08 |title=Self-Immolator Lobsang Tsultrim Dies |url=https://tibet.net/self-immolator-lobsang-tsultrim-dies/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|August 7, 2012
|Dolkar Kyi
|26
|Farmer and mother of 2. Immolated herself near the Tsoe Gaden Choeling Monastery in Kanlho. Died a few hours later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |date=2012-08-07 |title=Tibetan Woman Dies in Western China Blaze, Reports Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/08/world/asia/tibetan-monk-sets-himself-ablaze-in-western-china.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|August 10, 2012
|Choepa
|24
|Nomad from Meruma. Immolated himself on a road in Meruma. Died on the way to the hospital.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Third Burning Death in a Week |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-08112012144757.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=August 11, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|August 13, 2012
|Tashi
|21
|Former monk turned nomad from Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba with Lungtok. Died a few hours later.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=2012-08-15 |title=2 Tibetans Die in Self-Immolation Protest in China's Sichuan |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/two-tibetans-die-in-self-immolation-protest-in-china/1488717.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|August 13, 2012
|Lungtok
|20
|Monk from Kirti Monastery. Immolated himself in Ngaba on a road known as "Hero Street" with Tashi. Died a few hours later.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":18" />
|-
|August 27, 2012
|Lobsang Kelsang
|18
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Self-immoalted near Kirti Monastery in Ngaba with Damchoe. Died later that night.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2012-08-31 |title=CTA holds prayer service, Says Tibet effectively under undeclared martial law |url=https://www.phayul.com/2012/08/31/32027/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Phayul |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|August 27, 2012
|Dhamchoe
|17
|Former monk turned Nomad in Ngaba. Younger brother of Tenzin Choedron who immolated himself on February 10, 2012. Immolated himself near Kirti Monastery in Ngaba with Lobsang Kelsang. Died later that night.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":19" />
|-
|September 13, 2012
|Passang Lhamo
|62
|{{flag| China}}
|Retired government officer. Immolated herself in Beijing, China in front of the Ministry of housing and Urban-rural development. Status unknown.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-14 |title=Tibetan woman self-immolated in Beijing last year: Reports |url=http://www.phayul.com/2013/01/14/32838/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Phayul |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|September 29, 2012
|Yungdrung
|29
| rowspan="23" |{{flag|China}}
|Farmer from Dzatoe. Immolated himself near a Chinese government building in Dzatoe. Died the next day.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clampdown in Wake of Burning |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-10012012141037.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=October 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 4, 2012
|Gudrub
|43
|Writer from Nangchu. Gone to exile in 2005 where he studied in Dharmsala where he returned to Tibet soon after. Known as "Youth of the Snow Realm" for his safety as his writings were about Tibets freedom. Immolated himself at a market in Nangchu. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-04 |title=Tibetan Blogger Self-Immolates, Leaves Posts Behind |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/tibetan_blogger_self_immolates_and_leaves_posts_behind/1520543.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 6, 2012
|Sangay Gyatso
|26
|Nomad from Tsoe. Immolated himself near Dokar Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-06 |title=Third Tibet Self-Immolation In One Week |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/1521716.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|October 13, 2012
|Tamdrin Dorje
|50's
|Nomad and grandfather of a rinpoche. Immolated himself near the Tsoe Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-13 |title=Tibetan Self-Immolates in Protest Against Chinese Rule |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/tibetan-self-immolates-in-protest-against-chinese-rule/1526087.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 20, 2012
|Lhamo Kyab
|27
|Farmer and nomad from Bora. Immolated himself near Bora temple. Died at the scene. Short film "Sons of Tibet" is based upon his life and his protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-21 |title=Fifth Tibetan self-immolation since Ambassador Gary Locke's visit to the region in September |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/1530348.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|October 23, 2012
|Dhondup
|60's
|Nomad from Labrang. Immolated himself at Labrang Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One More Tibetan Self-immolates to Protest China's Repressive Rule |url=https://www.tibetswiss.ch/news-detail/one-more-tibetan-self-immolates-to-protest-chinas-repressive-rule.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.tibetswiss.ch |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 23, 2012
|Dorjee Rinchen
|58
|Farmer and bread vendor from Labrang. Immolated himself near a police station in Labrang. Died a few hours after.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodeen |first=Christopher |date=2012-11-28 |title=Tibetan protesters setting themselves on fire in greater numbers |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/tibetan-protesters-setting-themselves-on-fire-in-greater-numbers/article_5f0f7a9a-b03b-57c3-a60b-6a9a06700f8c.html |access-date= |website=Toronto Star |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 25, 2012
|Tsepo
|20
|Herder from Driru. Immolated himself near a Chinese government building with his cousin Tenzin. Status unknown.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=China: 7th Tibetan self immolation in a week |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/china-tibet-self-immolation-119779-2012-10-26 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=India Today |date=October 27, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 25, 2012
|Tenzin
|25
|Herder from Driru. Immolated himself near a Chinese government building with his cousin Tsepo. Status unknown.<ref name=":26" />
|-
|October 26, 2012
|Lhamo Tseten
|24
|Farmer and nomad from Sangchu. Immolated himself near a court in Sangchu. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-26 |title=New Wave of Tibetan Self-Immolations Hits China |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/new_wave_of_tibetan_self_immolations_hits_china/1534300.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 26, 2012
|Thubwang Gyab
|23
|Nomad and father of 2 from Sangchu. Immolated himself near a bus stop in Sangchu. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2012-10-27 |title=Tibetan youth self-immolates in Tibet (warning: graphic image) |url=https://tibet.net/tibetan-youth-self-immolates-in-tibet/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|November 4, 2012
|Dorjee Lhundrup
|25
|Thangka artist and father of 2 from Rebkong. Immolated himself near Rongwo monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China detains uncle of Tibetan self-immolator in Rebkong |url=https://tchrd.org/china-detains-uncle-of-tibetan-self-immolator-in-rebkong/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|November 7, 2012
|Dorjee
|15
|Monk from Ngoshul Monastery. Immolated himself in Ngaba with Samdup and Dorjee Kyab. Died at the scene.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-07 |title=Five Tibetans Self-Immolate Today Across Tibetan Regions |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/1541162.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|November 7, 2012
|Samdup
|16
|Monk from Ngoshul Monastery. Immolated himself in Ngaba with Dorjee and Dorjee Kyab. Status unknown.<ref name=":27" />
|-
|November 7, 2012
|Dorjee Kyab
|16
|Monk from Ngoshul Monastery. Immolated himself in Ngaba with Dorjee and Samdup. Status unknown.<ref name=":27" />
|-
|November 7, 2012
|Tamding Tso
|23
|Nomad and mother of 1 from Rebkong. Immolated himself in Rebkong. Died at the scene<ref name=":27" />
|-
|November 7, 2012
|Tsegyal
|27
|Nomad and father of 2. Immolated himself near the Bankar village. Died 11 days after as Chinese authorities had arrested him for his protest and refused to give him medical treatment.<ref name=":27" />
|-
|November 8, 2012
|Kalsang Jinpa
|18
|Former monk turned Nomad from Rebkong. Immolated himself near the Rongwo Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Troop Buildup After New Burning |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/buildup-11082012112619.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=November 8, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 10, 2012
|Gonpo Tsering
|19
|Nomad from Tsoe. Immolated himself near the Lushoe Village in Tsoe. Died 2 hours after protest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Burnings Rise to 70 |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-11102012191123.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=November 11, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 12, 2012
|Nyingkar Tashi
|24
|Nomad from Rebkong. Immolated himself in Rebkong. Died at the scene.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |title=More Tibetan Burning Protests |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-11122012130538.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=November 12, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 12, 2012
|Nyingchak Bum
|18
|Nomad from Rebkong. Immolated himself in the middle of Rebkong. Died at the scene.<ref name=":28" />
|-
|November 15, 2012
|Khabum Gyal
|18
|Farmer and nomad from Rebkong. Immolated himself on a road known as Rongwo. Died at the scene.<ref name=":29">{{Cite web |title=Two More Burn in Rebgong |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/rebgong-11152012130853.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=November 15, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 15, 2012
|Tenzin Dolma
|23
|Farmer from Rebkong. Immolated himself at a temple in Rebkong. Died at the scene.<ref name=":29" />
|-
|November 16, 2012
|David Alain
|38
|{{flag|France}}
|Buddhist monk from England.
|-
|November 17, 2012
|Sangdhak Tsering
|24
| rowspan="26" |{{flag|China}}
|Farmer and nomad from Tsekhog. Immolated himself in front of a Chinese government building. Died at the scene<ref name=":30">{{Cite web |title=Rebgong Burnings Raise Tensions |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/burn-11172012171044.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=November 17, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 17, 2012
|Chagmo Kyi
|27
|Mother of 2 and taxi driver. Immolated herself in front of an office building in Rebkong. Died at the scene.<ref name=":30" />
|-
|November 19, 2012
|Wangchen Norbu
|25
|Farmer from Kangtsa. Immolated himself at the Kangtsa Gaden Choephelling Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=78th Tibetan Dies After Setting Himself Ablaze to Protest Chinese Rule |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/zh/news/tibet/3033-78th-tibetan-dies-after-setting-himself-ablaze-to-protest-chinese-rule |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibet post International |language=en-gb }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|November 20, 2012
|Tsering Dhondup
|34
|Farmer, nomad, and father of 3 from Labrang. Immolated himself in front of a gold mine in Labrang. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-20 |title=Tibetan Man Self-Immolates in Amchok, Amdo |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/1549512.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|November 22, 2012
|Lubum Tsering
|18
|Nomad from Rebkong. Immolated himself at a popular street in Rebkong. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2012-11-23 |title=18-year-old Tibetan Immolates in Rebgong |url=https://tibet.net/18-year-old-tibetan-immolates-in-rebkong/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|November 22, 2012
|Tamdrin Kyab
|23
|Former monk turned nomad from Kanlho. Immolated himself near the Luchu river. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2012-11-24 |title=Tibetan nomad dies after setting self on fire, total self-immolation reaches 80 |url=https://tibet.net/tibetan-nomad-dies-after-setting-self-on-fire-total-self-immolation-reaches-80/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|November 23, 2012
|Tamdrin Dorjee
|29
|Herder from Tsekhog. Immolated himself near a Chinese government building in Tsekhog. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Burns, Hails Dalai Lama |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-11242012182156.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=November 24, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 25, 2012
|Sangay Dolma
|17
|Nun from Gonshul Nunnery in Tsekhog. Immolated herself near a Chinese government building in Tsekhog. Died at the scene.
|-
|November 26, 2012
|Wangyal
|18
|Student from Sertha. Immolated himself near a golden horse statue in the center of Sertha.<ref name=":20" />
|-
|November 26, 2012
|Kunchok Tsering
|18
|Nomad from Labrang. Immolated himself in front of a gold mine in Labrang. Died at the scene<ref name=":20" />
|-
|November 26, 2012
|Gonpo Tsering
|24
|Nomad and father of 3 from Luchu. Immolated himself at the Ala Deu-go monastery in Luchu. Died at the scene.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-28 |title=Tibetan protest in China ends in violence, immolations - Taipei Times |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2012/11/28/2003548787 |access-date= |website=Taipei Times}}</ref>
|-
|November 27, 2012
|Kalsang Kyab
|24
|Nomad from Dzoge. Immolated himself in front of a Chinese government building. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Prayers of Solidarity Held in Honour of Kalsang Kyab: Update |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/zh/news/tibet/3055-prayers-of-solidarity-held-in-honour-of-kalsang-kyab-update |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022041509/http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/zh/news/tibet/3055-prayers-of-solidarity-held-in-honour-of-kalsang-kyab-update |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 22, 2020 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibet post International |language=en-gb }}</ref>
|-
|November 27, 2012
|Sangay Tashi
|18
|Nomad from Sangkhog. Immolated himself in front of a Chinese government building in Sangkhog. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Teen Dies in Self-immolation Protest at Sangkhog, Labrang |url=https://www.tibetswiss.ch/news-detail/tibetan-teen-dies-in-self-immolation-protest-at-sangkhog-labrang.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.tibetswiss.ch |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 28, 2012
|Wande Khar
|21
|Nomad from Tsoe. Immolated himself in Tsoe county. Died at the scene.<ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-29 |title=Two Tibetans Self-Immolate, Total Reaches 89 |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/1555206.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|November 29, 2012
|Tsering Namgyal
|31
|Nomad, farmer, and father of 2 from Luchu. Immolated himself in front of a Chinese government building in Luchu. Died at the scene.<ref name=":31" />
|-
|November 30, 2012
|Kunchok Kyab
|29
|Nomad and father of 2 from Ngaba. Immolated himself at a gas station in Ngaba. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-03 |title=Kunchok Kyab passes away, Self-immolation death toll reaches 76 |url=https://www.phayul.com/2012/12/03/32597/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Phayul |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|December 2, 2012
|Sangdag Kyab
|17
|Nomad and father of 1 from Bora. Immolated himself at Bora Temple. Survived with both legs amputated and imprisoned for 2 years.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Authorities Amputate Legs of Tibetan Self-Immolator |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/legs-11252014135802.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=November 25, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 3, 2012
|Lobsang Gedhun
|29
|Monk from Penag Monastery in Pema. Immolated himself on the streets of Pema and reported to have walked 300 steps before dying from the burns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burning Monk Walks 300 Steps |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burn-12032012161600.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=December 3, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 8, 2012
|Pema Dorjee
|23
|Nomad from Luchu. Immolated himself at Shitsang Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-10 |title=Two Tibetans Die after Self-immolation Protest |url=https://www.voatibetan.com/a/1561618.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=ཝི་ཨོ་ཨེ། |language=bo}}</ref>
|-
|December 8, 2012
|Kunchok Phelgye
|24
|Monk from Sumdo Monastery in Dzoege. Immolated himself at the monastery. Died at the scene.<ref name=":32" />
|-
|December 9, 2012
|Wangchen Kyi
|17
|Student from Tsekhong. Immolated herself at her village in Tsekhong. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Girl Self-Immolates |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/girl-12102012151407.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=December 10, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|January 12, 2013
|Tsering Tashi
|22
|Nomad from Amchok. Immolated himself in Amchok town. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bartholet |first=Jeffrey |date=2013-07-01 |title=Aflame |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/07/08/aflame |access-date= |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bartholet |first=Jeffrey |date=July 2, 2013 |title=Tibet Burning: Behind the Wave of Self-Immolations |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/tibet-burning-behind-wave-self-immolations |work=Pulitzer Center}}</ref>
|-
|January 18, 2013
|Dupchok
|28
|Nomad from Ngaba. Immolated himself near a police station. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-18 |title=Tibetan man burns to death in Tibet, 2nd self-immolation in 2013 |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/tibet/3181-tibetan-man-burns-to-death-in-tibet-2nd-self-immolation-in-2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127025131/http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/tibet/3181-tibetan-man-burns-to-death-in-tibet-2nd-self-immolation-in-2013 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 27, 2013 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibet post International |language=en-gb }}</ref>
|-
|January 22, 2013
|Kunchok Kyab
|26
|Farmer and nomad from Bora. Immolated himself near the Bora Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-22 |title=Another Dies in Self Immolation Protest against China's rule |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/tibet/3190-another-dies-in-self-immolation-protest-against-chinas-rule |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126200211/http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/tibet/3190-another-dies-in-self-immolation-protest-against-chinas-rule |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 26, 2013 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibet post International |language=en-gb }}</ref>
|-
|February 3, 2013
|Lobsang Namgyal
|37
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself in Dzoge. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-02-14 |title=Tibetans continue to self-immolate in protest |url=https://tibet.net/tibetans-continue-to-self-immolate-in-protest/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 13, 2013
|Drukpa Khar
|26
|Nomad and father of 3 from Amchok. Immolated himself in Amchok. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-02-15 |title=Self-immolation at Amchok, Toll Reaches 101 |url=https://tibet.net/self-immolation-at-amchok-toll-reaches-101/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 13, 2013
|Drupchen Tsering
|25
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|Rinpoche who arrived a month prior in Kathmandu. Immolated himself at the Boudhanath Stupa in Kathmandu, Nepal. Died later that day.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-03-23 |title=Druptse's body still in Nepal government's custody |url=https://tibet.net/druptses-body-still-in-nepal-governments-custody/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 17, 2013
|Namlha Tsering
|49
|{{flag|China}}
|Farmer and nomad from Labrang. Sat on a busy street in Labrang where he lit himself on fire. Died at the scene of his protest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |date=2013-02-20 |title=Tibetan Teenagers Die in Double Self-Immolation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/world/asia/tibetan-teens-die-in-double-self-immolation.html |access-date= |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2013-02-18}}||{{sn|Trayan|Marechkov|nolink=1}}|| 26 ||{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| Part of the [[2013 Bulgarian anti-monopoly protests|2013 Bulgarian protests]]|| Died on the spot, at a central crossroads, in front of the central office of a private bank in [[Veliko Tarnovo]].<ref>[http://www.borbabg.com/?action=news&news=24117 26-year-old Tarnovo resident sets himself on fire because of poverty], borbabg.com, February 20, 2013.{{in lang|bg}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Stoyanova|first=Marieta|title=Великотърновци почетоха паметта на самозапалилите се Пламен и Траян|date=March 6, 2013 |url=http://dariknews.bg/view_article.php?article_id=1051066|publisher=Darik News|access-date=1 April 2013|language=bg}}</ref>
|-
|February 19, 2012
|Rinchen
|17
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Student from Dzoge. Immolated himself at Dzoge with Sonam Dhargyal. Died at the scene.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-02-20 |title=Two teenagers die after setting themselves on fire; Toll reaches 104 |url=https://tibet.net/two-teenagers-die-after-setting-themselves-on-fire-toll-reaches-104/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 19, 2013
|Sonam Dhargyal
|18
|Student from Dzoge. Immolated himself at Dzoge with Rinchen. Died at the scene.<ref name=":21" />
|-
|{{dts|2013-02-20}}||{{sn|Plamen|Goranov}}|| 36
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||| Part of the [[Protests against the Borisov cabinet|2013 Bulgarian protests against the Borisov cabinet]]|| Protested corruption and monopolies,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhFqPIiihb0 Plamen Goranov protesting "Down with TIM" in the city of Varna note TIM being allegedly a major monopolist organisation], [[Bivol]], February 24, 2013.</ref> and demanded the resignation of Varna's mayor [[Kiril Yordanov]] and the Municipal Council.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tsolova|first1=Tsvetelia|last2=Krasimirov|first2=Angel|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bulgaria-mayor-idUSBRE9250RF20130306 |title=Bulgarian mayor resigns after man sets himself on fire|work=[[Reuters]]|date=2013-03-06|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> Mountain climber and photographer. Set himself alight in front of the [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]] municipality. Died 11 days later in hospital.<ref>[http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1798013 Man who self-immolated in Varna being operated on today], Trud.bg, 25 February 2013.{{in lang|bg}}</ref><ref>[http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1817491 Plamen Goranov dies, Varna in mourning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194001/http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1817491 |date=January 2, 2014 }}, trud.bg, March 4, 2013.{{in lang|bg}}</ref>
|-
|February 24, 2013
|Phagmo Dhondup
|24
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|farmer from Tsapon. Immolated himself at the Chachung Monastery in Tsapon. Died a few hours later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Tibetan Burns Himself in a Monastery |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-02242013160717.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=February 24, 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|February 24, 2013
|Tsesung Kyab
|20s
|Farmer and nomad from Luchu. Immolated himself at the Shistang Monastery. Died at the scene of his protest. His cousin Pema Dorjee had immolated himself 2 months prior on December 8, 2012, at the same monastery.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-26 |title=Tibetan monks self-immolate in anti-China protest |url=https://apnews.com/general-news-12ccf18000484f7aa6b370d90bb490a0 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |date=2013-02-26 |title=China: 2 Tibetan Monks Carry Out Fatal Protests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/26/world/asia/china-2-tibetan-monks-carry-out-fatal-protests.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|February 25, 2013
|Sangdag
|unknown
|Monk from Diphu Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself on a road in Ngaba. Status unknown.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Self-immolates in Ngaba County |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/county-02262013110730.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=February 26, 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2013-02-26}}||{{sn|Ventzislav|Vasilev|nolink=1}}|| 53
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| Part of the [[2013 Bulgarian anti-monopoly protests|2013 Bulgarian protests]]|| Father of five.<ref>[http://www.24chasa.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1802093 Impoverished 53-year-old self-immolates in Radnevo municipality], 24chasa.bg, February 26, 2013.{{in lang|bg}}</ref> Set himself on fire in [[Radnevo]]. Died in hospital two weeks later.
|-
|March 13, 2013
|Kunchok Wangmo
|30's
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Housewife and mother of 1 from Dzoge. Immolated herself in Dzoge. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young woman immolation in Ngaba reported .:. Tibet Sun |url=https://www.tibetsun.com/news/2013/03/18/young-woman-immolation-in-ngaba-reported |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.tibetsun.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2013-03-13}}||{{sn|Dimitar|Dimitrov|nolink=1}}|| 51
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|Part of the [[2013 Bulgarian anti-monopoly protests|2013 Bulgarian protests]]|| Set himself on fire in front of the Presidential Palace in [[Sofia]]. Hospitalized with life-threatening injuries.<ref>[http://www.monitor.bg/article?id=376825 51-year-old self-immolates in front of presidency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075347/http://www.monitor.bg/article?id=376825 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, Monitor.bg, March 14, 2013.{{in lang|bg}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22439961 Poverty in Bulgaria drives more to make ultimate sacrifice], BBC.co.uk, May 8, 2013; retrieved May 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|March 16, 2013
|Lobsang Thogmey
|28
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Monk from Kirti Monastery. Immolated himself at the monastery. Died after being taken to hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-03-17 |title=Tibetan monk dies after setting himself on fire in Ngaba |url=https://tibet.net/tibetan-monk-dies-after-setting-himself-on-fire-in-ngaba/ |access-date= |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2013-03-20}}||{{sn|Todor|Yovchev|nolink=1}}|| 40
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|Part of the [[2013 Bulgarian anti-monopoly protests|2013 Bulgarian protests]]|| Died on March 22<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/23/poverty-blamed-for-bulgarias-suicide-wave/?_r=0|title=Poverty Blamed for Bulgaria's Suicide Wave|first=Harvey|last=Morris|work=The New York Times|date=2013-03-23|access-date=2018-01-11}}</ref>
|-
|March 24, 2013
|Kalkyi
|30
| rowspan="7" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="7" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Nomad and mother of 4 from Dzamthang. Immolated herself at the Jonang Monastery. Died at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Mother of Four Dies in Burning Protest |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-03242013122241.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=March 24, 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|March 25, 2013
|Lhamo Kyab
|43
|Forest keeper from Sangchu. Gathered a pile of logs, poured kerosene on the pile and himself. Proceeded to light the pile alight and then placed himself on top. Died at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Forest Guard Who Self-immolated Dies |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/dies-03262013153945.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=March 26, 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|March 26, 2013
|Kunchok Tenzin
|28
|Monk from Mokri Monastery in Luchu. Immolated himself at the monastery. Died at scene.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |date=2013-03-29 |title=Tibetan Monk Dies in Self-Immolation in China |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/world/asia/tibetan-monk-dies-in-self-immolation-in-china.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|April 16, 2013
|Jugtso
|20
|Mother of 1 from Dzamthang. Immolated herself near the Jonang Monastery in Dzamthang. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thousands Gather After Young Tibetan Mother Self-Immolates |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/gather-04162013140411.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=April 16, 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 24, 2013
|Lobsang Dawa
|20
|Monk from Taktsang Lhamo Kirti Monastery in Dzorge county. Immolated himself alongside Kunchok Woeser at the monastery. Died at the scene.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-04-25 |title=Twin Self-Immolation Protests Hit Tibet |url=https://tibet.net/twin-self-immolation-protests-hit-tibet/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|April 24, 2013
|Kunchok Woeser
|23
|Monk from Taktsang Lhamo Kirti Monastery in Dzorge county. Immolated himself alongside Lobsang Dawa at the monastery. Died at the scene.<ref name=":22" />
|-
|May 27, 2013
|Tenzin Sherab
|30
|Nomad from Yushu. Immolated himself near the Gyaring area of Yushu. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Tibetan Self-Immolation After One-Month Hiatus |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-05292013114734.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=May 29, 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2013-05-24}}||{{sn|Bowatte|Indarathana|nolink=1}}|| 30 ||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||| Against the slaughtering of cattle and alleged conversion of Buddhists to minority religions in Sri Lanka<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22677058 | title=Sri Lanka Buddhist monk dies after self-immolation | work=BBC News | date=May 26, 2013 | access-date=September 25, 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|June 11, 2013
|Wangchen Dolma
|31
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Nun from Yushu. Immolated herself outside Nyatso monastery in Yushu. Died on June 14, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-06-17 |title=Tibetan nun who self-immolates has died |url=https://tibet.net/tibetan-nun-who-self-immolates-has-died/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2013-06-12}}
| Andrzej Filipiak
| 56
|{{flag|Poland}}
| Unemployed receiving no help from the state
| Occurred across the street from the [[Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wpolityce.pl/polityka/159625-podpalil-sie-bo-byl-zalamany-i-zrozpaczony-sytuacja-nie-mam-pracy-a-mopr-nam-odmawia-pomocy-nie-mamy-z-czego-zyc|title=Podpalił się, bo "był załamany i zrozpaczony sytuacją". "Nie mam pracy a MOPR nam odmawia pomocy, nie mamy z czego żyć"|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wpolityce.pl/polityka/159660-ludzie-juz-tego-nie-wytrzymuja-piec-pytan-do-andrzeja-zydka-ktory-podpalil-sie-w-2011-r-przed-kancelaria-premiera|title="Ludzie już tego nie wytrzymują". PIĘĆ PYTAŃ DO Andrzeja Żydka, który podpalił się w 2011 r. przed kancelarią premiera|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/mezczyzna-podpalil-sie-przed-kancelaria-premiera-donalda-tuska-w-warszawie-6031283732890241a|title=Mężczyzna podpalił się przed kancelarią premiera Donalda Tuska w Warszawie|first=Wirtualna Polska Media|last=S.A.|date=June 12, 2013|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|July 20, 2013
|Kunchok Sonam
|18
|{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Monk from [[Thangkor Sogtsang Monastery]] in Dzoge. Immolated himself at his monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-07-20 |title=18-year-old monk dies after setting self on fire; Toll rises to 120 |url=https://tibet.net/18-year-old-monk-dies-after-setting-self-on-fire-toll-rises-to-120/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|August 6, 2013
|Karma Ngedon Gyatso
|38
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|Monk from Yangpachen Monastery in Damshung, Tibet until Chinese authorities expelled him due to him being disabled. Arrived in Nepal in 2011. Immolated himself in Kathmandu at the Boudhanath Stupa. Died an hour after.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=Karma Ngedon Gyatso |url=https://en.tibettimes.net/2023/06/23/karma-ngedon-gyatso/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibet Times Eng |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|September 28, 2013
|Shichung
|41
| rowspan="9" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="9" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Farmer, tailor, and father of 2 from Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba. Died at the scene<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Andrew |date=2013-09-29 |title=Tibetan Dies After Setting Himself on Fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/30/world/asia/tibetan-dies-after-setting-himself-on-fire-to-protest-chinese-policies.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|November 11, 2013
|Tsering Gyal
|20
|Monk from Akyong Monastery in Pema. Immolated himself in Pema county where he ran 10-12 yards towards a government building. Died later that day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=David |date=2013-12-02 |title=China detains seven people over self-immolation protest in Tibet |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/132-tibet/3757-china-detains-seven-people-over-self-immolation-protest-in-tibet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004125832/https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/132-tibet/3757-china-detains-seven-people-over-self-immolation-protest-in-tibet |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibet post International |language=en-gb }}</ref>
|-
|December 3, 2013
|Kunchok Tseten
|30
|Nomad and father of 2 from Meruma in Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba, died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-04 |title=Tibetan Man Self-Immolates in China |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/tibetan-man-selfimmolates-in-china/1803765.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 19, 2013
|Tsultrim Gyatso
|44
|Monk from Amchok Monastery. Set himself on fire in Amchok, died at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=David |date=2013-12-19 |title=Monk sets himself on fire in Tibet to protest China's rule: Toll hits 124 |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/132-tibet/3791-monk-sets-himself-on-fire-in-tibet-to-protest-chinas-rule-toll-hits-124 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011052247/https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/132-tibet/3791-monk-sets-himself-on-fire-in-tibet-to-protest-chinas-rule-toll-hits-124 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2021 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibet post International |language=en-gb }}</ref>
|-
|February 5, 2014
|Phagmo Samdrup
|27
|Father of 2 and tantric practitioner from Tsekhog. Immolated himself near a school. Died a day after.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2014-02-07 |title=Self-immolation at Tsekhog county |url=https://tibet.net/tibetan-burns-self-triggering-security-clampdown-in-tsekhog/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 13, 2014
|Lobsang Dorjee
|25
|Car wash owner from Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba. Died 2 days later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Tibetan Self-Immolation Protester Dies |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-02172014193057.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=February 18, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|March 16, 2014
|Jigme Tenzin
|29
|Monk from Sonag Monastery in Rebkong. Immolated himself outside Sonag Monastery, died at the scene.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Day Blakely |date=2014-03-26 |title=Tibet Monks Die From Self Immolation on Protest Anniversary, Fourth Year in a Row |url=https://guardianlv.com/2014/03/tibet-monks-die-from-self-immolation-on-protest-anniversary-fourth-year-in-a-row/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Guardian Liberty Voice |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|March 16, 2014
|Lobsang Palden
|23
|Monk from Kirti Monastery in Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba. Died 5 days after.<ref name=":23" />
|-
|March 29, 2014
|Dolma
|29
|Nun from Kardze. Set herself on fire near Ba Choede Monastery in Kardze. Status unknown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Day Blakely |date=2014-04-01 |title=Tibet Nun 133rd Self Immolation |url=https://guardianlv.com/2014/04/tibet-nun-133rd-self-immolation/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Guardian Liberty Voice |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|April 9, 2014
|Unidentified man
|20s
|{{flag|Australia}}
|Denial of application for refugee status
|Survived.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=2014-04-10 |title=Tamil asylum seeker in critical condition after setting himself on fire |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/10/tamil-asylum-seeker-critical-after-setting-himself-on-fire |access-date=2025-08-26 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="TGAUS">{{Cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=2014-06-05 |title=The life and awful death of a Tamil asylum seeker in Australia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/05/the-life-and-awful-death-of-a-tamil-asylum-seeker-in-australia |access-date=2025-08-26 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
|April 15, 2014
|Thinley Namgyal
|32
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Nomad and farmer. Set himself on fire in Kardze. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Man Dies in Self-Immolation Protest in Kardze |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-04152014113941.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=April 15, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|May 23, 2014
|Le Thi Tuyet Mai
|67
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|Chinese deployment of a giant oil rig in Vietnam.
|Deputy head of executive committee of the Buddhist Youth movement in Ho Chi Minh City. Immolated himself at 5:30 am, died at the scene. Left banners saying "The Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam will survive side by side with the Vietnamese people! All together against Chinese invasion! I offer my body as a torch to light the path of all patriots! Support the Declaration of UBCV Patriarch Thich Quang Do to oppose China's invasion of Vietnamese waters and lands."<ref>{{Cite web |last=goarin |date=2014-05-25 |title=Buddhist Youth Leader Lê Thi Tuyêt Mai dies after self-immolation in Sai Gon |url=https://vietnamtibetalliance.wordpress.com/2014/05/25/buddhist-youth-leader-le-thi-tuyet-mai-dies-after-self-immolation-in-sai-gon/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=VietNam-Tibet Alliance Fighting for Freedom |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|May 31, 2014
|Leo Seemanpillai
|29
|{{flag|Australia}}
|Difficulties in receiving approval for asylum claim
|Died the following day.<ref name="TGAUS" />
|-
|{{dts|2014-06-20}}||{{sn|Thu|Hoang|nolink=1}}|| 71 || rowspan="2" |{{flag| United States}}|| In apparent response to the [[Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff]] || Apparent protest by a Vietnamese man of a Chinese state-owned oil rig being placed into [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea|waters contested by Vietnam]] in the [[South China Sea]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Young|first=Mark |url=https://www.bradenton.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/breaking-news-blog/article34720359.html|title=Bradenton Herald & Lakewood Ranch Herald|work=The Bradenton Herald|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2014-06-23}}||{{sn|Charles R.|Moore|Charles R. Moore (minister)}}|| 79 ||Social injustice<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/metro/20140711-in-dying-act-minister-hoped-to-inspire-social-justice.ece|title=In dying act, minister hoped to inspire social justice|publisher=dallasnews.com|access-date=December 20, 2014}}</ref>|| Set himself alight in a strip mall parking lot, died upon arrival at hospital.
|-
|September 16, 2014
|Kunchok
|42
| rowspan="6" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="6" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Set self on fire in front of a police station. Believed to have died shortly after protest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Man Self-Immolates In Front of Police Station in Qinghai |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-10042014192656.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=October 4, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|September 17, 2014
|Lhamo Tashi
|22
|Student from Amchok. Previously involved in the 2008 Tibetan unrest. set himself on fire in Tsoe City. Died at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Student Perishes in First Self-Immolation in Five Months |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/burning-09212014121057.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=September 21, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 16, 2014
|Sangye Khar
|33
|Nomad and father of 2. Set himself on fire near a police station and died at the scene after walking a few steps while on fire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Man Dies in Self-Immolation Protest in Front of Police Station |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/new-12162014125456.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=December 16, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 22, 2014
|Tsepey
|19
|Nomad from Meruma. Set herself on fire near a market in Ngaba. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2014-12-22 |title=Girl dies in self-immolation protest at Ngaba |url=https://tibet.net/girl-dies-after-self-immolation-protest-at-ngaba/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|December 23, 2014
|Kalsang Yeshi
|37
|Monk from Nyitso Monastery in Tawu. Set himself on fire near his monastery and a police station. Died at the scene. Left a picture of His Holiness the Dalai Lama with the caption "The Six Million Tibetans are waiting for you."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Andrew |date=2014-12-25 |title=China: Monk Burns Himself to Death in a Political Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/25/world/asia/china-monk-burns-himself-to-death-in-a-political-protest.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|March 5, 2015
|Norchuk
|47
|Nomad and mother of 3. Set herself on fire at her village. Died at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Woman Burns Herself to Death in Protest Over Chinese Policies |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/tibet-norchuk-03072015143653.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=March 7, 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2015-03-14}}||{{sn|Younes|Asakere|nolink=1}}|| 34 ||{{flag|Iran}}||| Discrimination of [[Ahwazi Arabs]]|| Immolated himself after local authorities confiscated his vendor stall in [[Khorramshahr]]. Died on March 22.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ahwazhumanrights.org/en/stories/502|title=Funeral of the Ahwazi Arab who set himself on fire turned into demonstration |date=23 March 2015 |publisher=Ahwaz Human Rights Organization |access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref> Inspired a mass protest which resulted in arrests of some 1,000 people and further self-immolations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://acfh.info/ahwaz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=440:raise-of-self-immolation-among-ahwazi-arabs-due-to-discrimination-and-poverty&catid=44:2010-09-16-17-14-58 |title=Raise of self-immolation among Ahwazi Arabs due to discrimination and poverty |date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Ahwazi Centre for Human Rights |access-date=2016-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127085119/http://acfh.info/ahwaz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=440:raise-of-self-immolation-among-ahwazi-arabs-due-to-discrimination-and-poverty&catid=44:2010-09-16-17-14-58 |archive-date=November 27, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|-
|April 8, 2015
|Yeshi Khandro
|47
| rowspan="5" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="5" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Nun in Kardze. Set herself on fire near a police station calling for the freedom in Tibet and the long life and return of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in Tibet. Died shortly afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dolma |first=Rangzen |date=2015-04-20 |title=Tibetan Nun Yeshi Khando Died in Self-immolation (updated) |url=https://tibet.net/tibetan-nun-yeshi-khando-died-in-self-immolation-updated/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|April 15, 2015
|Neykyab
|45
|Father of 7 from Ngaba. Set himself on fire at his home and died at the scene. His brother in law Dhargye set himself on fire on May 27, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China detains family members after Tibetan non-violence activist dies of self-immolation |url=https://tchrd.org/china-detains-family-members-after-tibetan-non-violence-activist-dies-of-self-immolation/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|May 20, 2015
|Tenzin Gyatso
|35
|Father of 4 from Tawu. Immolated himself in front of a government building, died shortly after.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan man dies of self-immolation protest amid heightened repression |url=https://tchrd.org/self-immolation/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|May 27, 2015
|Sangye Tso
|36
|Business owner and mother of 2. Set herself on fire in front of a government office in Tsoe. died at the scene. left a note saying "Long Live His Holiness the Dalai Lama, where is the panchen lama, and freedom for Tibetans!<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-28 |title=Tibetan mother burns herself to death in China: Reports |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/tibetan-mother-burns-herself-to-death-in-china-reports |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>
|-
|July 9, 2015
|Sonam Topgyal
|26
|monk from Nangchen county. Came to Kyegydo and set himself on fire in Gesar square. Died the following day. Left behind a note calling for the freedom of Tibet<ref>{{Cite web |last=tibetanreview |date=2015-07-18 |title=Self-immolation monk's last note urges global witness to Tibet's tragedy |url=https://www.tibetanreview.net/self-immolation-monks-last-note-urges-global-witness-to-tibets-tragedy/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibetan Review |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2015-08-12}}||{{sn|Choi|Yeon-yeol|nolink=1}}|| 80 ||{{flag|South Korea}}|||Japanese colonization of Korea and military conduct during World War II<ref>{{Cite news|title = South Korean Man, 80, Sets Self on Fire at Anti-Japan Rally|url = https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/08/12/world/asia/ap-as-skorea-anti-japan-rally-.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 2015-08-12|access-date = 2015-08-12|issn = 0362-4331}}</ref>|| Set himself on fire in a flower bed near the Japanese embassy in Seoul during an anti-Japan protest by "[[comfort women]]" (survivors of World War II Japanese military brothels). Injuries sustained were not life-threatening. Condition Pending.<ref>{{Cite news|title = South Korean man lights himself on fire during anti-Japan protest in Seoul|url = http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-man-sets-himself-on-fire-20150812-story.html|newspaper = Los Angeles Times|date=2015-08-12|access-date = 2019-06-01|issn = 0458-3035|first = Steven|last = Boroweic}}</ref>
|-
|August 27, 2015
|Tashi Kyi
|55
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Mother of 5. Immolated herself near her house in Sangchu and died at the scene. Her nephew Sangay Tashi had immolated himself on November 27, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Woman Self-Immolates in Protest Burning in China's Gansu |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/tibetan-woman-self-immolates-in-protest-burning-in-chinas-gansu-08282015123238.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=August 28, 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|September 17, 2015
|Shurmo
|26
|Immolated himself at a bus stop. Protest was hidden for 5 years by the Chinese government.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-01-19 |title=CTA mourns death of Tibetan self-immolator Shurmo. Total known self-immolations in Tibet reach 155 |url=https://tibet.net/cta-mourns-death-of-tibetan-self-immolator-shurmo-total-known-self-immolations-in-tibet-reaches-155/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2015-10-18}}
|{{sn|Khodayar|Amini|nolink=1}}
|30
|{{flag|Australia}}
|[[Immigration detention in Australia|Australian refugee policy]]
|Immolated himself in Melbourne during a video call to his advocates.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hasham |first=Nicole |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Asylum seeker self-immolated amid fears he would be sent back to detention, Senate hearing told |url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/asylum-seeker-selfimmolates-amid-fears-he-would-be-sent-back-to-detention-senate-hearing-told-20151019-gkd81v.html#ixzz47bc7tRH0 |access-date=January 11, 2018 |via=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2015-10-24}}
|{{sn|Erlan|Bektibaev|nolink=1}}
|20
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Social injustice
|Doused himself with gasoline and set himself on fire on October 24 in front of the [[Taraz]] headquarters of the ruling party [[Amanat (political party)|Nur Otan]] (now since 2022 Amanat) in Taraz. Bektibayev was rushed to hospital, but later died of his burns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-26 |title=Казахстан: юноша поджег себя возле здания партии президента |url=https://www.currenttime.tv/a/27327467.html |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Настоящее Время |language=ru}}</ref> He was buried in [[Aqsukent]], [[Sayram District]], [[Turkistan Region]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azattyq.org/a/27327559.html |title=Өзін өртеген Бектібаев Сайрамға жерленді |language=kk |last=Иса |first=Дилара |website=[[Radio Free Europe]] |date=26 October 2015 |access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|November 13, 2015
|S. Erdene
|
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|Protest of coal mine being sold to China as well as employees being laid off by the government
|Coal mine union leader. Called for a press conference where he doused himself with an accelerant and proceeded to set himself on fire. Suffered burns on 40% of his body.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheung |first=Karen |date=2015-11-18 |title=Mongolian trade union leader sets himself alight at press con. in protest of China coal mine deal |url=http://hongkongfp.com/2015/11/18/mongolian-trade-union-leader-sets-himself-alight-at-press-con-in-protest-of-china-coal-mine-deal/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2016-02-29}}
|Dorjee Tsering
|16
|{{Flag|India}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Died 3 days later in a [[New Delhi]] hospital. American presidential candidate [[Hillary Clinton]] held up his photograph while speaking to a Tibetan advocacy group.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/world/asia/china-tibet-self-immolations.html|title=Tibetan Monk, 18, Dies After Self-Immolation to Protest Chinese Rule|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=2016-03-03|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-08-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|February 29, 2016
|Kalsang Wangdu
|18
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Monk in Kardze. Immolated himself calling for Tibet's independence. Died on the way to the hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |date=2016-03-03 |title=Tibetan Monk, 18, Dies After Self-Immolation to Protest Chinese Rule |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/world/asia/china-tibet-self-immolations.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2016-03-19}}||{{sn|Charles|Ingram|nolink=1}}|| 51 ||{{flag|United States}}||| Corruption at the [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs]] || Military veteran walked 15 km to a military veteran hospital before immolating himself in the hospital's parking lot.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lipp|first=Kenneth|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/veteran-burned-himself-alive-outside-va-clinic|title=Veteran Burned Himself Alive Outside VA Clinic|date=2016-03-27|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|March 23, 2016
|Sonam Tso
|50s
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Mother of 5. Immolated herself at Sera Monastery. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-05-08 |title=Mother of five died in 145th known Tibet self-immolation protests |url=https://www.tibetanreview.net/mother-of-five-died-in-145th-known-tibet-self-immolation-protests/ |access-date= |website=Tibetan Review |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2016-04-27}}||{{sn|Omid|Masoumali|nolink=1}}|| 23 || rowspan="2" |{{flag|Nauru}}|| rowspan="2"| Australian refugee policy || Iranian refugee immolated himself at an [[Australian immigration detention facilities|Australian refugee detention camp]] during a visit to the camp by representatives of a UNHCR fundraising arm (Australia for UNHCR) who told the refugees to expect to remain on Nauru for "another ten years".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2016/s4454004.htm|title=Claims Iranian man suicided after thinking he would have to stay on Nauru for another 10 years|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=May 2, 2016|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> After more than 24 hours without adequate medical attention he was airlifted by private contractor to Brisbane, Australia where he died on 29 April 2016 from his burns.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Iranian Asylum Seeker Severely Burnt After Setting Himself On Fire On Nauru |url = https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/apr/27/iranian-asylum-seeker-severely-burnt-after-setting-himself-on-fire-on-nauru}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2016-05-02}}||{{sn|Hodan|Yasi|nolink=1}}|| 21 || In an Australian refugee detention camp. Woman from Somalia (variously referred to as Hadon/Hodan and Yasin/Yasi) was airlifted from Nauru to Brisbane<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-02/second-refugee-sets-themselves-alight-on-nauru/7377710|title=Nauru refugee suffers critical injuries after setting herself on fire|newspaper=ABC News|date=May 2, 2016|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> but her condition as at late May 2016 is shrouded in secrecy. It seems she may still be alive, since her death would have to be reported under Queensland Law and an inquest into her death held as she would be deemed to be a "Death in Custody" had she died.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
|-
|December 8, 2016
|Tashi Rabten
|33
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Nomad and father of 3. Immolated himself in Machu, died at the scene after taking a few steps while on fire. His younger cousin Tsering Kyi had also immolated himself on March 3, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan man dies of self-immolation protest, family members detained for demanding return of body |url=https://tchrd.org/tibetan-man-dies-of-self-immolation-protest-family-demand-police-to-return-body/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|February 11, 2017
|Unknown man
|unknown
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|Protest against [[Omar al-Bashir|Omar Al-Bashir]]
|Shouted "I am Sudanese and Bashir is a dictator!" before setting himself on fire. Reported to survive <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arab |first=The New |date=2017-02-12 |title=Sudanese man 'burns himself alive' in protest against president |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/sudanese-man-burns-himself-alive-protest-against-president |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.newarab.com/ |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|March 18, 2017
|Pema Gyaltsen
|24
| rowspan="4" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Farmer from Nyarong. Shouted that Tibet had no freedom and for His Holiness the Dalai Lama return to Tibet while on fire. Status unknown<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2017 |title=China: Disclose the whereabouts of two Tibetans who attempted self-immolation |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/6098/2017/en/ |access-date= |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 15, 2017
|Wangchuk Tseten
|30
|Layman and father of 3. Immolated himself in Kardze. Status unknown but likely deceased<ref name=":10" />
|-
|May 2, 2017
|Chakdor Kyab
|16
|Farmer and student from Bora. Immolated himself on Bora monastery shouting "Tibet wants freedom! Let His Holiness the Dalai Lama come back to Tibet! Victory to the Gods!" Status unknown<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Teenager Stages Self-Immolation Protest in Gansu |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/amdo-protest-05072017091020.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=May 7, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|May 18, 2017
|Jamyang Losal
|24
|Monk from Chentsa. Immolated himself near a concert. Died soon afterwards.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lai |first=Catherine |date=May 22, 2017 |title=Young Tibetan monk dies in second self-immolation protest in May – report |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2017/05/22/young-tibetan-monk-dies-second-self-immolation-protest-may-report/ |work=Hong Kong Free Press}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2017-05-19}}
|Unknown
|54
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Islamization of Germany
|Died in hospital. Police said the man had scrawled slogans on his car along the lines of "Never again war on German soil" and "Amri is only the tip of the iceberg" — a reference to Anis Amri, the Tunisian who attacked a Christmas market in Berlin and whom authorities had previously been unable to deport.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/man-munich-set-on-fire-himself-germany-die-marienplatz-bavaria-a7744951.html|title=Man sets himself on fire in centre of Munich|date=2017-05-19|work=The Independent|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2017-07-15}}
|{{Sortname|Tenzin|Choeying|nolink=yes}}
|20
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|India}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Suffered 50% burns. Died nine days later from his injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/hospital-07242017131257.html|title=Tibetan Self-Immolator Tenzin Choeying Dies in Indian Hospital|website=Radio Free Asia|date=July 24, 2017 |access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2017-07-29}}
|{{Sn|Pasang|Dhondup|nolink=yes}}
|49
|Died in [[Dharamshala]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/exile/5657-tibetan-man-dies-in-apparent-self-immolation-protest-in-dharamshala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731171301/http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/exile/5657-tibetan-man-dies-in-apparent-self-immolation-protest-in-dharamshala|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 31, 2017|title=Tibetan man dies in apparent self-immolation protest in Dharamshala|work=The Tibet Post International|date=2017-07-31|access-date=2017-09-28}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2017-9-21}}
|{{Sn|Zdenek|Hanzlik}}
|60
|{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|Family Court Injustices
|Zdenek "Sid" Hanzlik immolated himself outside the [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings]] protesting injustices in the [[Family Court of New Zealand|Family Court]], where he was engaged in an ongoing legal battle relating to access to his children. He was taken to [[Wellington Hospital, New Zealand|Wellington Hospital]], where he later succumbed to his injuries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/national/coroner-report-released-on-zdenek-hanzlik/|title=Man who lit himself on fire at Parliament was protesting 'injustices': Coroner|work=New Zealand Herald|date=2019-05-09|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2017-10-19}}
|{{Sn|Piotr|Szczęsny}}
|54
|{{Flag|Poland}}
|Rule of [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]] political party
|Leaflets<ref>{{Cite web| title=Protestów pod adresem obecnych wtadz mógtbym sformutowaé duzo wiecej, ale skoncentrowatem sie na tych. które sa najbardziej istotne, godzace w istnienie i funkcjonowanie calego panstwa, i spoteczenstwa | language=pl | trans-title=I could formulate many more protests against the current authorities, but I focused on those that are most important, affecting the existence and functioning of the entire state and society | url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DMjhWhsUIAInS_Y.jpg | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193800/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DMjhWhsUIAInS_Y.jpg | archive-date=2018-11-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Protestuje przeciwko ograniczaniu przez wladze wolnosci obywatelskich | language=pl | trans-title=I protest against the authorities limiting civil liberties | url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DMjhWhtUEAAa5YK.jpg | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193801/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DMjhWhtUEAAa5YK.jpg | archive-date=2018-11-27}}</ref> were strewn around him on the ground outside of the [[Palace of Culture and Science]], and a speaker was broadcasting a song by a 1990s Polish rock band titled "I love freedom".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYMiNuJJyYM|title=Chłopcy z Placu broni – Kocham wolność|last=NCKultury|date=January 17, 2013|access-date=January 11, 2018|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/pole-attempts-self-immolation-in-likely-anti-govt-protest|title=Pole attempts self-immolation in likely anti-govt protest|newspaper=The Straits Times |date=October 20, 2017|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmf24.pl/goraca-linia/wasze-fakty/news-54-latek-podpalil-sie-na-placu-defilad-nieoficjalnie-zostawi,nId,2455165|title=54-latek podpalił się na Placu Defilad. Nieoficjalnie: Zostawił list, w którym krytykował rząd|first=RMF|last=FM.|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|November 26, 2017
|Tenga
|63
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Respected monk from Kardze. Shouted "We want freedom in Tibet!" before self-immolating. Died shortly after. His picture was shown by Hollywood actor Richard Gere during a conference<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-30 |title=Report: Tibetan monk sets himself on fire in western China |url=https://apnews.com/general-news-ee109b745ace44318a39534d5edf5b2b |access-date= |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 23, 2017
|Konpe
|30
|Former monk turned nomad. Immolated himself in Ngaba and died the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeAeth |first=Duncan |date=2017-12-25 |title=Self-immolation in Tibet continues in protest of Chinese occupation |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3327906 |access-date= |website=Taiwan News}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-1-15}}
|{{Sn|Dmitry|Rudov|nolink=yes}}
|39
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Corruption of government
|After being sacked from Gazprom's subsidiary and unsuccessfully appealing to President Putin, he set himself on fire in front of [[Ishimbay]]'s City Hall in Bashkortostan. Died in hospital the next day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-bashkortostan-rudov-immolation-ishimbai/28978824.html|title=Sacked Man Dies After Setting Fire To Himself In Bashkortostan|date=January 16, 2018 |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=January 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|March 7, 2018
|Tsekho Tugchak
|44
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Nomad in Ngaba. 2 brothers were tortured and killed by the Chinese police for participating in the 2008 Tibetan unrest. Tsekho set himself on fire after shouting slogans and died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodeeen |first=Christopher |date=2018-03-08 |title=Tibet groups report latest self-immolation of man in protest |url=https://apnews.com/general-news-832a367983b2420db27ab977a1119bdd |access-date= |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-4-14}}
|{{Sn|David|Buckel}}
|60
|{{flag|United States}}
|Climate change and pollution<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/28/nyregion/david-buckel-fire-prospect-park-fossil-fuels.html |title=What Drove a Man to Set Himself on Fire in Brooklyn? |work=The New York Times |date=May 28, 2018 |quote="He was trying to call attention to pollution and global warming. "My early death by fossil fuel reflects what we are doing to ourselves," he wrote in his email." |last1=Correal |first1=Annie }}</ref>
|
In a note sent to ''The New York Times'' and other news outlets, along with a copy attached to a shopping cart near his body he stated fossil fuel use and the environmental destruction it causes as the reason he decided to end his life by self-immolation with fossil fuels. Buckel was a prominent lawyer for gay rights, and was involved in environmental causes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/14/nyregion/david-buckel-dead-fire.html|title=Prominent Lawyer in Fight for Gay Rights Dies After Setting Himself on Fire in Prospect Park|last=Mays|first=Jeffery C.|date=2018-04-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/15/us/david-buckel-gay-rights-attorney-suicide/index.html|title=Prominent gay rights lawyer sets himself on fire in protest suicide|date=April 15, 2018 |publisher=CNN|access-date=April 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.advocate.com/society/2018/4/14/former-lambda-legal-lawyer-david-buckel-dies-after-self-immolation |title=Former Lambda Legal Lawyer David Buckel Dies After Self-Immolation |first=Trudy |last=Ring |publisher=Advocate}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-05-20}}
|{{Sn|Fathi|Harb|nolink=yes}}
|20
|{{Flag|Palestine}}
|Economic situation in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]
|Died on May 23.<ref>{{cite news|last=Akram|first=Fares|url=https://www.apnews.com/b5c61e4845974840bbd50943ce46173d|title=Palestinian publicly sets himself on fire in Gaza|work=Associated Press|date=2018-05-20|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/palestinian-on-fire-gaza-protests-street-israel-living-conditions-fathi-harb-sheikh-radwan-a8361221.html|title=Palestinian man publicly sets himself on fire over dire living conditions in Gaza|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-09-28}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-05-29}}
|Unidentified man
|35
|{{Flag|Germany}}
|Denial of asylum claim
|Iranian asylum seeker set self on fire in government building in [[Göppingen]] after showing staff a letter denying him asylum. Listed in serious condition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-29 |title=Iranian asylum seeker sets self on fire in Germany |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iranian-man-sets-himself-on-fire-in-german-government-building-after-being-denied-asylum/a-43981726 |access-date=2025-08-25 |work=DW |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-06-20}}
|{{Sn|Chloe|Sagal|nolink=yes}}
|31
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|United States}}
|[[Homelessness in the United States|Homelessness]] and mental health issues
|Several days after threatening self-harm with a machete, Sagal walked into a downtown Oregon Park, read a statement regarding homelessness and mental health before covering herself with fluid and setting herself alight.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2018/06/woman_who_set_self_on_fire_in.html|title=Woman who set self on fire in Portland park remembered as 'brilliant and tortured' artist|work=OregonLive.com|access-date=2018-06-26}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-06-26}}||{{sn|John|Watts|nolink=1}}|| 58 ||| Corruption at the [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs]] || Military veteran immolated himself on the steps of the Georgia state Capitol to protest corruption at the [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Zraick|first=Karen|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/us/disgrunted-veteran-fire-atlanta.html|title=Veteran Sets Himself on Fire Outside State Capitol in Atlanta|date=2018-06-26|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-08-03}}
|{{Sn|Vatan|Karabash|nolink=yes}}
|47–48
|Crimea ([[Political status of Crimea|disputed]])
|Russian annexation of Crimea and repressions of the Crimean Tatars
|Karabash set himself on fire in public, declaring Russia policies to be lawless; he had previously expressed anger at plans for demolition of Crimean Tatar houses in Russian-annexed Crimea, which had been deemed "illegal" since they were built before deported Crimean Tatars were permitted to return. Bystanders put out the flames and the injuries were reported to be non-fatal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/crimean-tatar-activist-sets-himself-on-fire-to-protest-lawlessness-/29409927.html|title=Crimean Tatar Activist Sets Himself On Fire To Protest 'Lawlessness'|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=2018-08-03|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-08-15}}
|{{Sn|Unknown||nolink=yes}}
|50s
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Homelessness
|A woman in her fifties (later identified under the pseudonym "Melanie Smith"), under threat of eviction and suffering from mental health issues set herself on fire at the housing office of [[Barnet London Borough Council]]. She died in intensive care several months later, with council employees reportedly having been ordered not to discuss the incident with journalists.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/sep/08/unlearned-lessons-death-of-woman-housing-mental-health-crisis|title=Mother searches for answers a year after daughter set herself on fire in council housing office
|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2019-09-08|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-9-19}}
|{{Sn|Nicholas|McCrary|nolink=yes}}
|29
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[Involuntary celibacy]] and mental health
|McCrary was a prolific YouTuber who had autism and whose videos were popular with "blackcels" (black [[incel]]s). He also used the pseudonym Baraka Mckray, and accused black women of being "prejudiced" against autistic men such as himself.<ref name="McCrary">{{Cite web|url=https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/inside-the-world-of-black-incels|title=Inside the World of Black Incels|date=December 9, 2019|website=MEL Magazine}}</ref><ref name="fountain">{{Cite web|url=https://www.occupy.com/article/black-manosphere-displays-black-men-s-sexual-rage-and-frustration|title=Black Manosphere Displays Black Men's Sexual Rage and Frustration|date=December 6, 2018|website=Occupy.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-09-27}}
|Umit Acar
|26
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Against the imprisonment of [[Abdullah Öcalan]]
|Immolated himself in [[Ingolstadt]], as [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] was to visit [[Germany]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Selbstverbrennung in Ingolstadt: Kurden sprechen von Protest|url=https://www.t-online.de/-/84528958|access-date=2021-02-17|website=www.t-online.de|date=September 27, 2018 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|November 4, 2018
|Dopo
|23
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Nomad in Ngaba. Shouted "May His Holiness the Dalai Lama live long! May we soon behold his golden countenance!" and set self ablaze after. Died at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 11, 2018 |title=Another Tibetan dead after staging self-immolation protest against Chinese government repression |url=https://tchrd.org/another-tibetan-dead-after-staging-self-immolation-protest-against-chinese-government-repression/ |access-date= |website=TCHRD |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2018-11-28}}
|Mahsun Özen
|21
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|Treatment of Kurds in Turkey
|Immolated himself on the anniversary of the [[Roboski airstrike]] in which 34 Kurds died<ref>{{Cite news|last=Acarer|first=Erk|date=2018-09-30|title=Selbstverbrennung in Ingolstadt: Videobotschaft gegen Erdoğan|language=de|work=Die Tageszeitung: taz|url=https://taz.de/!5536657/|access-date=2021-03-23|issn=0931-9085}}</ref>
|-
|December 8, 2018
|Drugko
|22
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Former monk turned nomad. Immolated himself in Ngaba. Status unknown.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Man in Ngaba Stages Self-Immolation Protest |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/immolation-protest-12092018132333.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=December 9, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 9, 2018
|Gedhun Gyatso
|16
|Monk in Ngaba. Immolated himself in Ngaba, died shortly afterwards<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-09 |title=Gedun Gyatso - Tibetan Magazine for Tibet News & Issues |url=https://www.contactmagazine.net/immolator/unconfirmed-reports/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Tibetan Magazine for Tibet News & Issues - Daily Tibetan News and Issues}}</ref>
|-
|December 24, 2018
|Abdel Razaq Zorgi
|32
|{{flag| Tunisia}}
|Unemployment and economic situation in Tunisia
|Journalist based in [[Kasserine]]. Made a video minutes before protest where he urged called for the unemployed to revolt. Died the same day after taken to a hospital.{{cn|date=April 2025}}
|-
|{{dts|2019-1-18}}
|Unknown
|54
|{{Flag|Czech Republic}}
|In memory of Jan Palach who burned himself to death in 1969, protesting the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]]
|Suffered 30% burns after setting himself on fire at the central [[Wenceslas Square]] of Prague on the 50th anniversary of Jan Palach's death from his self-immolation protest against the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia. According to Czech authorities, "he said it was only a remembrance to Jan Palach".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-czech-fire/man-sets-himself-on-fire-in-pragues-wenceslas-square-idUSBRE90J0BJ20130120|title=Man sets himself on fire in Prague's Wenceslas Square |date=2018-01-20 |work=Reuters|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2019-2-20}}
|Uğur Şakar
|43
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Against the imprisonment of [[Abdullah Öcalan]]
|Immolated himself in front of the Court in [[Krefeld]], [[Germany]];<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stirken|first=Norbert|date=2020-02-20|title=Demo am Gericht in Krefeld: Sympathie für Kurden-Protest|url=https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/krefeld/demo-am-gericht-in-krefeld-sympathie-fuer-kurden-protest_aid-49079273|access-date=2021-02-17|website=RP ONLINE|language=de}}</ref> died in hospital a month later <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-20|title=Uğur Şakar who set his body on fire to protest the isolation of Öcalan commemorated|url=https://anfenglishmobile.com/news/ugur-Sakar-who-set-his-body-on-fire-to-protest-the-isolation-of-Ocalan-commemorated-71867|access-date=2024-02-25|website=ANF English|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2019-05-29}}
|{{Sn|Arnav|Gupta|nolink=yes}}
|33
|{{flag|United States}}
| rowspan="2" |Unknown
|An Indian-origin resident of [[Bethesda, Maryland]] died in hospital that day after setting himself on fire near the [[White House]] in Washington, D.C. while wearing a USA T-shirt. ''The Washington Post'' described his actions as "an unmistakable protest, the loudest, most spectacular cry that people in pain can come up with".<ref>{{cite news|last=Dvorak|first=Petula|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/self-immolation-can-be-a-form-of-protest-or-a-cry-for-help-are-we-listening/2019/05/30/49e145e8-82fc-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html|title=Self-immolation can be a form of protest. Or a cry for help. Are we listening?|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2019-05-30|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2019-07-19}}
|Kim (surname)
|78
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|A man used 20 liters of fuel to set himself on fire in his car in the early morning outside the Japanese embassy in Seoul. He died several hours later in the hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/19/asia/south-korea-japan-embassy-fire-intl-hnk/index.html|title=South Korean man dies after setting himself on fire outside Japanese embassy in Seoul|last1=Jeong|first1=Sophie|last2=Mackintosh|first2=Eliza|date=19 July 2019|website=CNN|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2019-09-09}}
|{{Sn|Sahar|Khodayari}}
|29
|{{Flag|Iran}}
|[[Women's rights in Iran#Sports|The right for women in Iran to attend a football match alongside men]]
|The Iranian female football fan died one week after setting herself on fire outside an [[Judicial system of Iran|Iranian court]], reportedly after learning she may have to serve a six-month sentence for trying to enter a football stadium (alongside men).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/10/iranian-female-football-fan-who-self-immolated-outside-court-dies|title=Iranian female football fan who self-immolated outside court dies |website=The Guardian|date=10 September 2019|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2019-09-10}}
|{{Sn|Albert|Razin}}
|79
|{{flag|Russia}}
|The declining status and use of the [[Udmurt language]] in Russia.
|The scholar and activist set himself on fire outside the [[State Council of the Udmurt Republic|State Council]] building in [[Izhevsk]], [[Udmurtia|Udmurt Republic]], as the regional government was considering passing a bill to reduce the status of the indigenous Udmurt language in the republic. Razin died the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/09/10/russian-scholar-dies-from-self-immolation-during-protest-to-save-native-language-a67229|title=Russian Scholar Dies From Self-Immolation While Protesting to Save Native Language|date=2019-09-10|website=The Moscow Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/man-sets-himself--fire-russia--udmurtia-language-protest-against-language-bill/30156654.html|title=Man Dies After Self-Immolation Protest Over Language Policies In Russia's Udmurtia|date=2019-09-10|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2019-10-23}}
|{{Sn|Ali Wazir||nolink=yes}}
|31
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|In protest of the [[Turkish invasion of Syria]]
|A Syrian Kurdish man set himself on fire in front of the seat of the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Representation in Cyprus|UNHCR]] in [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Syrian Kurd sets himself on fire outside UN refugee agency|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/man-sets-himself-on-fire-outside-un-refugee-agency-605520|website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=October 23, 2019 |access-date=2020-05-17 |issn=0792-822X}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2019-11-10}}
|{{Sn|Anas K.||nolink=yes}}
|22
|{{flag|France}}
|Student living costs, fascism, neoliberalism
|A 22-year-old man enrolled at [[Lyon 2 University]] set himself on fire in front of a university restaurant in response to being unable to sustain himself on €450 a month. In a post on [[Facebook]], he blamed [[Emmanuel Macron]], [[François Hollande]], [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and the EU for having "killed" him, and also attacked [[Marine Le Pen]] and media figures for creating fear, also urging readers to "Fight against the rise of fascism which divides us, and against liberalism which creates inequalities". He was admitted to hospital with 90% burns over his body.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/11/09/destitute-student-self-immolates-in-lyon-in-desperate-protest-at-inequality|title=Destitute student self-immolates in Lyon in 'desperate' protest at inequality|date=2019-09-11|website=Euronews|language=en|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50361886|title=French student sets himself on fire over financial problems|date=2019-09-11|website=BBC News|language=en|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
|-
|November 26, 2019
|Yonten
|24
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Tibetan nomad. Formerly monk at Kirti Monastery. Immolated himself in Ngaba. Died at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-11-28 |title=A Tibetan youth in Ngaba dies after setting himself on fire to protest against Chinese rule |url=https://tibet.net/a-tibetan-youth-in-ngaba-dies-after-setting-himself-on-fire-to-protest-against-chinese-rule/ |access-date= |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

=== 2020s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Date
! style="width:120px;"| Name
! style="width:20px;" | Age
! style="width:80px;" | Country
! style="width:20%;" | Protesting || Notes and references
|-
|{{dts|2020-02-07}}
|Adem Yarıcı
|42
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|Unemployment in Turkey
|42-year-old unemployed man, father of two, set himself on fire in front of [[Hatay]] governor's office. Witnesses said that he shouted "My kids are hungry!" before setting himself ablaze. He died on the same day. The governor claimed that Yarıcı divorced from his wife a while ago, had mental illness and had attempted to immolate himself before.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipa.news/amp/2020/02/08/jobless-father-of-two-hungry-kids-dies-after-setting-himself-alight//|title = Jobless father of two "hungry" kids dies after setting himself alight|date = February 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/human-rights/2020/02/13/man-attempts-self-immolation-in-front-of-parliament|title = Man attempts self-immolation in front of parliament| date=February 13, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.korfezgazete.com/hatay-valiligi-onunde-cocuklarim-ac-diyerek-kendini-yakti/|title=Hatay Valiliği Önünde İşsizlik İntiharı: "Çocuklarım Aç" Diyerek Kendini Yaktı | Körfez Gazetesi|date=February 7, 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2020-06-16}}
|Unknown
|48
|{{Flag|Poland}}
|Unknown; reportedly said there is "no justice" to police at the scene
|A 48-year-old man set himself on fire shortly after talking to journalists outside of the [[Sejm]] building in [[Warsaw]], Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Przed Sejmem podpalił się mężczyzna. Wcześniej rozmawiał z dziennikarzami|url=https://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/7,54420,26036909,przed-sejmem-podpalil-sie-mezczyzna-trwa-akcja-ratunkowa.html|website=Gazeta Wyborcza{{!}} wyborcza.pl|access-date=2020-06-16}}</ref>
|-
|{{dts|2020-07-27}}
|Arie den Dekker
|54
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|Murder witness, removed from family, turned homeless
|Den Dekker had witnessed a murder in 2018. Following this, his house was torched multiple times and he was put into a witness protection program. Unable to be with his family and having his pleas ignored by the municipality and the government, Den Dekker protested in front of [[Oss]]' city hall multiple times, throwing dead fish inside, dousing himself in cow feces and committing other acts of despair on multiple occasions. On July 27 he committed suicide by self-immolation in front of the city hall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arie den Dekker steekt zichzelf in brand; Tot wanhoop gedreven na getuigenverklaring|date= July 27, 2020 |url= https://www.omroepbrabant.nl/nieuws/3238181/arie-den-dekker-steekt-zichzelf-in-brand-tot-wanhoop-gedreven-na-getuigenverklaring |access-date=2020-07-27}}</ref>
|-
|August 3, 2020
|Yavuz Polat
|46
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|Economical issues
|A 47-year-old street vendor from [[Erzincan]] set himself on fire after the police wanted him to remove his corn stall. He died on August 27.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/human-rights/2020/08/30/street-vendor-who-set-himself-on-fire-after-municipal-police-seized-his-stall-dies-in-turkey|title = Street vendor who set himself on fire after municipal police seized his stall dies in Turkey|date = August 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bgazete.com.tr/haber/5071452/ekmek-teknesi-gidince-kendini-yakti|title = Ekmek Teknesi Gidince Kendini Yaktı -| date=August 3, 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|August 14, 2020
|Fikret Güven
|
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|Economical issues
|A tea maker set himself on fire in front of the [[Bursa]] governorship after the police closed the roads to his shop.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://halktv.com.tr/bursali-esnaf-kendini-atese-verdi-1-431767h|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923021916/https://halktv.com.tr/bursali-esnaf-kendini-atese-verdi-1-431767h|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 23, 2020|title=Erdoğan ne demişti?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/tezgahi-elinden-alinan-esnaf-kendini-valilik-onunde-yakti-1758282|title = Tezgahı elinden alınan esnaf kendini valilik önünde yaktı| date=August 14, 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|September 18, 2020
|Syarhei Radchenya
|36
|{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarus]]
|Fraudulent election and follow-on police abuse and brutality against [[2020 Belarusian protests|protests]] in Belarus.
|36-year-old Syarhei Radchenya set himself on fire in [[Smalyavichy|Smalavichy]], Belarus, near the local police department. According to the press service of the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Belarus)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]], Syarhei poured gasoline over himself from a canister and set it on fire after which an employee ran out of the district department building and put out the fire. Syarhei was hospitalized in critical condition with burns on 84% of his body surface, including the respiratory tract. He died on September 25, 2020, as a result of his injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarusian who committed self-immolation act passes away in Minsk|url=https://belsat.eu/en/news/belarusian-who-committed-self-immolation-act-passes-away-in-minsk/|access-date=2020-10-26|website=belsat.eu|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|October 2, 2020
|[[Irina Slavina (journalist)|Irina Slavina]]
|47
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
| Journalist; her apartment was searched the day before by the police alleging her ties to the [[Open Russia]] group
|Russian journalist [[Irina Slavina (journalist)|Irina Slavina]] set herself on fire in front of the Interior Ministry office in [[Nizhniy Novgorod]]. She died there of the resulting burns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian journalist dies after setting herself on fire outside government building |url=https://nypost.com/2020/10/02/russian-journalist-dies-after-setting-herself-on-fire-in-front-of-government-building/|access-date=2020-10-02|website=NY Post|date=October 2, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/10/03/blame-the-russian-federation |title='Blame the Russian Federation' Journalist Irina Slavina's self-immolation came after years of constant pressure from the authorities |website=meduza.io |date=3 October 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|November 2, 2020
|Leroy Archie Ponpon
|
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|Chief Justice refusing months of salary for workers
|Led several protests prior to self-immolation date. Survived.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clayeh |first=J. H. Webster |date=2021-01-28 |title=Liberia: Two Months in the Hospital after Self-Immolation, Archie Ponpon Craves for Advanced Treatment; Worries over Children's Future |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-two-months-in-the-hospital-after-self-immolation-archie-ponpon-craves-for-advanced-treatment-worries-over-childrens-future/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=FrontPageAfrica |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|January 11, 2021
|Liu Jin
|48
|{{flag| China}}
|Employers refusing to make payment as well as fair treatment for delivery workers
|Delivery worker in [[Taizhou, Zhejiang|Taizhou]]. Asked for payment from employers but was denied. Set fire shortly afterwards. Died soon after.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Food delivery drivers want more legal protections after Ele.me tragedies |url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/enterprises/article/3118150/food-delivery-workers-want-more-legal-protections-after-eleme |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|February 12, 2021
|Halil S.
|49
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Against the detention conditions of [[Abdullah Öcalan]]
|He set himself on fire in front of the [[Landtag]] in [[Dresden]]. Died soon after.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Selbstanzündung in Dresden: Rund 150 bei Kundgebung|url=https://www.saechsische.de/dresden/lokales/mann-steht-am-elbufer-in-flammen-5378581-plus.html|access-date=2021-02-17|website=www.saechsische.de|date=February 16, 2021 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mann zündete sich vor Landtag an: Bekennerschreiben von PKK-Anhänger aufgetaucht|url=https://www.tag24.de/dresden/mann-zuendete-sich-vor-saechsischem-landtag-an-fuehrt-die-spur-zur-pkk-1841924|access-date=2021-03-23|website=TAG24|date=February 16, 2021 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|April 12, 2021
|{{ill|Itzik Saidyan|he|איציק סעידיאן}}
|26
|{{flag|Israel}}
|Government treatment of disabled veterans
|He set himself on fire in front of the Defense Ministry's rehabilitation department offices in [[Petah Tikva]] that handles the rehabilitation of injured soldiers,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winer |first1=Stuart |last2=Gross |first2=Judah Ari |title=PTSD-afflicted IDF veteran still critical after setting himself alight |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ptsd-afflicted-idf-veteran-still-critical-after-setting-himself-alight/ |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> two days before the [[Yom HaZikaron|annual Memorial Day]]. Saidyan fought in the 2014 war in Gaza, [[Operation Protective Edge]], and has [[post-traumatic stress disorder]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Disabled Israeli army veteran sets himself on fire ahead of Memorial Day |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-disabled-israeli-army-veteran-sets-himself-on-fire-ahead-of-memorial-day-1.9706402 |work=Haaretz.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|May 18, 2021
|Behzad Mahmoudi
|25
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|Poor treatment and living conditions of refugees
|Asylum seeker from Iran. Immolated himself in front of journalists. Died on May 23, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/24052021 |title=Kurdish asylum-seeker dies after self-immolation in front of UN office|access-date=2024-03-13 |website=www.rudaw.net}}</ref>
|-
|September 14, 2021
|Ella Nik Bayan
|40
|{{flag|Germany}}
|[[Transphobia]] and treatment of immigrants
|40 year old trans woman who burned herself publicly in [[Alexanderplatz]] square, Berlin. Ella had immigrated from Iran years earlier.<ref>{{Cite news |title=La trágica historia de Ella, la mujer trans que se prendió fuego en público en el centro de Berlín |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-60982528 |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=BBC News Mundo |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|January 1, 2022
|Unknown
|
|{{flag|Australia}}
|Vaccine ID and mandates
|He set himself on fire on Church St. in [[Richmond, Victoria]], sustaining life-threatening injuries. The man was stopped by paramedics and police.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Van Homrich |first1=Michael |title=Melbourne man set himself on fire after shouting about vaccine mandates |url=https://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/news/melbourne-man-set-himself-on-fire-after-shouting-about-vaccine-mandates/news-story/1fc6f8a95bc99359a2e527c28d333f51 |access-date=4 January 2022 |work=[[News.com.au]] |date=2 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103015653/https://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/news/melbourne-man-set-himself-on-fire-after-shouting-about-vaccine-mandates/news-story/1fc6f8a95bc99359a2e527c28d333f51 |archive-date=3 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sadler |first1=Rachel |title=Melbourne man suffers life-threatening injuries after setting himself on fire while yelling about COVID-19 vaccine mandates |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2022/01/melbourne-man-suffers-life-threatening-injuries-after-setting-himself-on-fire-while-yelling-about-covid-19-vaccine-mandates.html |access-date=4 January 2022 |work=[[Newshub]] |date=2 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102042028/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2022/01/melbourne-man-suffers-life-threatening-injuries-after-setting-himself-on-fire-while-yelling-about-covid-19-vaccine-mandates.html |archive-date=2 January 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|February 25, 2022
|[[Tsewang Norbu]]
|25
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|China}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Popular Tibetan singer from [[Nangchu River|Nangchu]]. Immolated himself in front of the Potala Palace in Lhasa. Died in the hospital a few days later.
|-
|March 27, 2022
|Taphun
|81
|Nomad from Meruma nomadic village in Ngaba. Immolated himself in front of a police station near Kirti Monastery. Died a few hours after.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=81-year-old self-immolates to protest against Chinese government in Ngaba |url=https://www.phayul.com/2022/04/04/46991/ |access-date= |website=Phayul |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choetso |first=Tenzin |date=2022-04-02 |title=81 years old Taphun self immolated in Kirti, Ngaba |url=https://tibet.net/81-years-old-taphun-self-immolated-in-kirti-ngaba/ |access-date= |website=Central Tibetan Administration |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|March 30, 2022
|Tsering Samdup
|
|Immolated himself near a monastery in Kyegudo. Status unknown.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibet man attempts self-immolation near monastery in Qinghai |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/yushul-immolation-03312022125553.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Free Asia |date=March 31, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|April 22, 2022
|[[Wynn Bruce]]
|54
|{{flag| United States}}
|Protesting climate change inaction<ref name="WynnNewsAU">{{Cite web|title=Man dies after setting himself on fire outside court on Earth Day|date=April 24, 2022|url=https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/man-dies-after-setting-himself-on-fire-outside-court-on-earth-day/news-story/ba329855bdaa9a049bbb35654322ec4e|access-date=2022-04-24}}</ref>
|Man from Boulder, Colorado immolated himself in front of the Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. Died from injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Boulder man dies after setting himself on fire outside U.S. Supreme Court, police say|date= April 23, 2022 |access-date=April 24, 2022| url=https://www.denverpost.com/2022/04/23/wynn-bruce-boulder-supreme-court-fire-death/}}</ref> Described himself as a Buddhist and climate activist.<ref name="WynnNewsAU" />
|-
|May 18, 2022
|[[Krishanpal]]
|52
|{{flag| India }}
|Police inaction
|He set himself ablaze outside an SSP office alleging police inaction over a complaint he filed against some people for destroying his crops.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farmer Dies In Hospital Day After He Set Himself On Fire In UP |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/farmer-dies-in-hospital-day-after-he-set-himself-on-fire-in-up-2989991 |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Badaun farmer dies a day after self-immolation outside SSP officeNews JANI |url=https://newsjani.com/badaun-farmer-dies-a-day-after-self-immolation-outside-ssp-office-news-jani/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|June, 2022
|Unknown monk
|
|{{flag|China}}
|[[Human rights in Tibet#Human rights in post-1950 Tibet|Political situation in Tibet]]
|Monk from Kanhlo prefecture in [[Gansu]]. Immolated himself in front of a portrait of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Died at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-18 |title=Tibetan monk self immolates amid widespread religious crackdown |url=https://www.phayul.com/2022/06/18/47226/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Phayul |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|September 21, 2022
|Unknown
|70s
|{{flag|Japan}}
|[[Funeral of Shinzo Abe]]
|A man in his 70s set himself on fire near the [[Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan)|Prime Minister's Official Residence]] in protest of the decision to hold an official [[state funeral]] for former Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-general-assembly-shinzo-abe-tokyo-state-funerals-2bbff587527e3e21b02b602acd4d40db | title=Man sets himself on fire in apparent protest of Abe funeral | website=[[Associated Press]] | date=September 21, 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|January 24, 2023
|Prem Prasad Acharya
|37
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|Corruption in Nepal as well as his unsuccessful business career
|Died 3 days after.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal: Businessman, who set himself on fire in front of Parliament succumbs to burns |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/nepal-businessman-who-set-himself-on-fire-in-front-of-parliament-succumbs-to-burn-injuries-555915 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=WION |date=January 25, 2023 |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
| January 31, 2023
| Unknown
| 58
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| [[Supreme Federal Court]]
| The 58-year-old native of [[Botucatu|Botucatu, São Paulo]] set fire to his own body in the central median of the [[Esplanade of the Ministries]] and shouted against [[Alexandre de Moraes]], saying "{{lang|pt|morte ao [[:Wiktionary:Xandão#Portuguese|Xandão]]|italic=no}}" ({{literal translation|death to Xandão}}). Alongside the man, papers with photos of [[Georg Elser|Johann Georg Elser]], [[Nelson Mandela]], and [[Claus von Stauffenberg]] were found; all images were accompanied by the phrase "{{interlanguage link|perdeu, mané|pt}}" ({{literal translation|you lost, dude}}), previously used by [[Luís Roberto Barroso]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Homem ateia fogo no próprio corpo em protesto contra o STF|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/homem-ateia-fogo-no-proprio-corpo-em-protesto-contra-o-stf-2/|access-date=19 April 2024|agency=[[CNN Brasil]]|date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107235332/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/homem-ateia-fogo-no-proprio-corpo-em-protesto-contra-o-stf-2/|archive-date=7 January 2024|language=Portuguese}}</ref> He remained hospitalized for two days and died on 2 February.<ref>{{cite news|title=Morre homem que ateou fogo ao próprio corpo em protesto contra Moraes|url=https://oantagonista.com.br/brasil/morre-homem-que-ateou-fogo-ao-proprio-corpo-em-protesto-contra-moraes/|access-date=19 April 2024|agency=[[O Antagonista]]|date=3 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420013712/https://oantagonista.com.br/brasil/morre-homem-que-ateou-fogo-ao-proprio-corpo-em-protesto-contra-moraes/|archive-date=20 April 2024|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
|-
|March 1, 2023
|Chet Bohrer
|42
|{{flag|United States}}
|Bullying and mental health
|42 year old resident of Salt Lake City, Utah set himself on fire at Bancroft Way and Telegraph Ave on the [[UC Berkeley]] campus. He had no known affiliation with the university. Bohrer died in the hospital from his injuries days later. He claimed to have been bullied and spied on by the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.berkeleyscanner.com/2023/03/06/uc-berkeley-crime/uc-berkeley-fire-update-man-has-died/ | title=Man, 42, dies after setting himself on fire at UC Berkeley | website=[[The Berkeley Scanner]] | date=March 6, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|March 27, 2023
|Ahmed Jaouad
|61
|{{MAR}}
|[[Precarity]], insufficient [[pension fund]]
|A Moroccan playwright died six days after setting himself on fire following a failed [[hunger strike]] in hopes of raising his pension fund from his thirty years of service at the Moroccan [[Cabinet of Morocco|Ministry of Culture]] which was insufficient to provide for his family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le dramaturge Ahmed Jaouad décède, six jours après s'être immolé par le feu à Rabat |url=https://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/dramaturge-ahmed-jaouad-mort |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma |date=April 2, 2023 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=Maroc: après le suicide d'un dramaturge, ses proches accusent le gouvernement |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230404-maroc-apr%C3%A8s-la-mort-d-un-dramaturge-ses-proches-accusent-le-gouvernement |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> Jaouad's wife and children were awarded financial compensation by the ministry after his death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Immolation par le feu du metteur en scène Ahmed Jaouad : un drame en trois actes |url=https://telquel.ma/2023/03/30/immolation-par-le-feu-du-metteur-en-scene-ahmed-jaouad-un-drame-en-trois-actes_1806753?fbrefresh=2 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":9" />
|-
|April 13, 2023
|[[Nizar Issaoui]]
|35
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|[[Human rights in Tunisia]], [[Anti-police sentiment]]
|A local Tunisian [[Football player|footballer]] died after setting himself on fire in what he said was a protest against Tunisia's "police state".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/15/tunisian-footballer-dies-after-setting-himself-alight-in-protest|title=Tunisian footballer dies after setting himself on fire in 'police state' protest|newspaper=The Observer |date=April 15, 2023 |publisher=theguardian.com |agency=Agence France-Presse }}</ref> During his funeral, demonstrators started throwing stones at police, who retaliated with [[tear gas]].<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284093|title=Nizar Issaoui: Protests at funeral of Tunisian footballer who set himself on fire|work=BBC News |date=April 15, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|May 1, 2023
|Yang Hoe-dong
|
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|Union violations as well as charges he received as a Union activist
|Popular labour rights activist. Immolated himself in front of a courthouse, deceased.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A South Korean Labor Leader Has Self-Immolated in Protest of Anti-Union Charges |url=https://jacobin.com/2023/05/yang-hoe-dong-self-immolation-protest-south-korea-labor-kcwu |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=jacobin.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|May 24, 2023
|DeAndre Gordon
|
|{{flag|United States}}
|Protest of racism and corruption at Red Onion prison
|Prisoner at the Red Onion prison in Virginia. Set a fire in his cell due to mistreatment and beatings he received from prison guards. Survived.<ref name=":35">{{Cite web |last=Defender |first=The Virginia |date=2024-11-09 |title=Crisis & Cover-up at Red Onion Super-Max |url=https://virginiadefender.org/2024/11/09/crisis-cover-up-at-red-onion-super-max/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=The Virginia Defender |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|May 21, 2023
|Karl-Udson Azor
|30
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|Unknown
|Immolated himself in front of the Vertieres Monument. Died at the scene with Haitian flag next to him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=deyemoncom |date=2023-05-22 |title=#netwayeAyiti2024: On Fire for... |url=https://deyemoncom.blog/2023/05/22/netwayeayiti2024-on-fire-for/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Dèyè Mon |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|August 1, 2023
|Bar Kalaf
|33
|{{flag|Israel}}
|The [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Defense Ministry]] denying him disability status
|Kalaf served in the [[Israeli Defense Force]] from 2008 to 2011 and saw combat in [[Operation Protective Edge]] as a reservist, where he claimed he developed [[post-traumatic stress disorder]]. The Defense Ministry rejected his application for disability status, stating he had a mental disorder unrelated to his military duties. Kalaf immolated himself in his home and afterwards was rushed to [[Sheba Medical Center]] in [[Ramat Gan]] where he died.<ref name="mem">{{Cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230804-ex-israel-soldier-dies-after-setting-himself-on-fire/|title=Ex-Israel soldier dies after setting himself on fire |work=Middle East Monitor |date=August 4, 2023 }}</ref><ref name="toi">{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanya-burial-society-refused-to-bury-idf-veteran-who-self-immolated/|title=Funeral held for IDF veteran who died after self-immolating |work=The Times of Israel |date=August 4, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|August 17, 2023
|Robert Gituhu
|28
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|Unemployment and Poverty in Kenya and high cost in food
|Graduated with Engineer degree. Climbed statue in Mobasa and immolated himself. Died several hours after 80% burns on body.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ouma |first=Charles |date=2023-08-19 |title=Family reveals Robert Gituhu's ambitions & final moments before setting himself on fire |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/robert-gituhu-the-final-minutes-and-words-of-graduate-who-set-himself-on-fire-in/xyg4x2q |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Pulselive Kenya |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|November 8, 2023
|Unknown male
|
|{{flag|DRC}}
|Protest of the genocide in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
|Congolese man set himself on fire to protest the ongoing genocide in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The video, which was posted on Twitter on November 8, 2023, shows the man, who has not been identified, standing in front of a crowd in Kinshasa, the capital of the DRC, holding a sign that reads "Stop the genocide in Congo".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Man Sets Himself on Fire While Holding Sign 'Stop the Genocide in Congo' |url=https://themessenger.com/news/man-sets-himself-on-fire-while-holding-sign-stop-the-genocide-in-congo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115211751/https://themessenger.com/news/man-sets-himself-on-fire-while-holding-sign-stop-the-genocide-in-congo|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 15, 2023}}</ref>
|-
|April 19, 2024
|{{Vanchor|Maxwell Azzarello}}
|37
|{{flag|United States}}
| Protest against the US Government
| A 37-year-old man from [[St. Augustine, Florida]] immolated himself outside of the New York courthouse where jurors were being chosen for the [[Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York|New York State criminal trial]] of former U.S. President [[Donald Trump]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tawfik |first=Nada |date=2024-04-19 |title=Man sets himself on fire outside Trump trial court in New York |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-us-canada-68841535 |work=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Schweber |first1=Nate |last2=Haag |first2=Matthew |date=2024-04-19 |title=Man Sets Himself on Fire Near Courthouse Where Trump Is on Trial |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/19/nyregion/man-on-fire-trump.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-19 |title=Man sets himself on fire outside Trump's Manhattan hush money trial |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68858408 |access-date=2024-04-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-20 |title=Man dies after setting himself on fire outside courthouse where Trump is on trial |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/man-sets-fire-courthouse-trump-trial-held-rcna148604 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> after posting an anti-government manifesto online.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bedigan |first1=Mike |last2=Rissman |first2=Kelly |date=April 19, 2024 |title=Max Azzarello: What we know about man who set himself on fire outside Trump trial |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/man-fire-trump-max-azzarello-b2531705.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419202420/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/man-fire-trump-max-azzarello-b2531705.html |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>
|-
|December 1, 2023
|Unknown female
|27
| rowspan="4" |{{flag|United States}}
| rowspan="4" |Protest against [[United States support for Israel in the Gaza war]]
|Protester immolated herself outside the [[Israeli Consulate]] in Atlanta, Georgia; following what officials described as "an act of extreme political protest", a [[Palestinian national flag]] was recovered at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edmonds |first=Colbi |date=December 1, 2023 |title=A protester self-immolates outside the Israeli Consulate in Atlanta. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/30/world/middleeast/protester-fire-israeli-consulate-atlanta.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204083212/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/30/world/middleeast/protester-fire-israeli-consulate-atlanta.html |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=Protester sets self on fire outside Israeli consulate in Atlanta, suffers critical burns |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/protester-sets-self-on-fire-outside-israeli-consulate-in-atlanta-suffers-critical-burns |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=PBS NewsHour |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2023-12-01 |title=Pro-Palestine protester self-immolates outside Atlanta's Israeli consulate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/01/protester-palestine-self-immolate-atlanta-israel-consulate |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
|February 25, 2024
|[[Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell|Aaron Bushnell]]
|25
|The active-duty US Airman immolated himself outside the [[Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.|Israeli Embassy in Washington, D.C.]] He was taken to a hospital where he succumbed to his injuries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavi |first=Aishvara |date=2024-02-25 |title=A man set himself on fire outside the Israeli Embassy in Washington, the police said. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/25/world/middleeast/israel-embassy-man-on-fire.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225215755/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/25/world/middleeast/israel-embassy-man-on-fire.html |archive-date=2024-02-25 |access-date=2024-02-25 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gannon |first=Casey |date=February 25, 2024 |title=US airman sets himself on fire outside Israeli Embassy in Washington |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/25/politics/man-sets-himself-on-fire-israeli-embassy-washington-dc/index.html |access-date=February 25, 2024 |work=Cable News Network}}</ref>
|-
|September 11, 2024
|Matt Nelson
|45
|A protestor immolated himself outside the Boston, Massachusetts Israeli Consulate. He was taken to Massachusetts General Hospital afterwards. Died in hospital 4 days later.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_qxIhlfr10 |title=Man Self-Immolates In Front of Israeli Consulate in Boston |date=2024-09-13 |last=red. |access-date=2024-09-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=Man sets himself on fire in downtown Boston, police say |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2024/09/12/man-sets-himself-on-fire-in-downtown-boston-police-say/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Boston Herald |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Devaney |first=Rachael |title=Cape Cod man who set self on fire outside Boston Israeli consulate died four days later |url=https://www.capecodtimes.com/story/news/2024/09/25/matthew-nelson-cape-cod-self-immolated-palestine-israeli-consulate-boston/75369040007/ |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=Cape Cod Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|October 5, 2024
|Samuel Mena Jr
|29
|Photojournalist for [[KTVK]] from Phoenix, Arizona. Attempted self-immolation in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] in front of the [[White House]]. Set arm on fire but flames quickly doused by protesters. Taken to hospital with burns on arms.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-05 |title=Arizona man sets himself on fire during pro-Palestinian protest |url=https://www.12news.com/article/news/local/valley/arizona-man-sets-himself-on-fire-washington-dc-pro-palestinian-protest-samuel-mena-jr/75-87df9da5-adf9-4739-920a-b88b756565b0?ref=exit-recirc |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=12news.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Graziosi |first1=Graig |title=Pro-Gaza protester attempts self-immolation outside White House |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/pro-gaza-protester-self-immolation-white-house-b2624539.html |website=The Independent |date=October 6, 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|April 9, 2024
|Yassine Selmi
|22
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|Protest against police
|Construction worker. Resolved a fight between the police and 2 unidentified people where police threatened him with arrest. He set himself on fire over the police threats. Died 2 days later.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-13 |title=Tunisian man dead after self-immolating in protest against police |url=https://arab.news/y3phv |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=Arab News |language=en |agency=AFP}}</ref>
|-
|May 1, 2024
|Ruslan Palitsyn
|24
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Protest of army enlistment during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
|Ruslan was an actor. He lit himself on fire outside a Russian military registration in St Petersburg where he suffered 90% burns. He died the day after.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fahey |first=Ryan |date=2024-05-02 |title=Actor, 24, dies after setting himself on fire outside Russian enlistment office |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/actor-24-dies-after-setting-32717914 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=The Mirror |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|June 11, 2024
|Darko Štimac
|57
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|Inability to exercise his rights in court and failure of [[Andrej Plenković]] to hear his concerns
|Croatian Army veteran set himself on fire in [[St. Mark's Square, Zagreb|St. Mark's Square]] and died in hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-26 |title=SMRT KOJA JE POTRESLA HRVATSKU Darko Štimac okrivio je Plenkovića jer nije dobio očekivanih 40 tisuća eura iz drugog mirovinskog stupa |url=https://www.nacional.hr/smrt-koja-je-potresla-hrvatsku-darko-stimac-okrivio-je-plenkovica-jer-nije-dobio-ocekivanih-40-tisuca-eura-iz-drugog-mirovinskog-stupa/ |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=Nacional |language=hr}}</ref>
|-
|July 26, 2024
|Vladimir Arsenyev
|74
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Unknown
|President of Volna Central Research Institute for Russia's Defense Ministry. Walked to Lenin Mausoleum in the center of Red Square and set himself on fire. Suffered minor burns and survived.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Head of Russian defense research institute reportedly attempts self-immolation on Red Square |url=https://theins.ru/en/news/273402 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=The Insider |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|August 23, 2024
|Demetrius Wallace
|27
|{{flag|United States}}
|Protest against corruption and illegal retaliation from prison staff
|Prisoner at Red Onion prison. Filed a lawsuit on the prison after he was attacked by prison officials where they retaliated. He soon set himself on fire in his cell receiving burns on his foot. Survived.<ref name=":35" />
|-
|August 28, 2024
|Mano Yogalingam
|23
|{{flag|Australia}}
|Protest on asylum seeker bridging visas.
|Yogalingam was a [[Tamils|Tamil]] asylum seeker who immolated himself in Melbourne's south-east after attending a majority of the protests being held outside the [[Department of Home Affairs (Australia)|Department of Home Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-28 |title=Grief and shock in Melbourne after Tamil asylum seeker dies by self-immolation |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-08-28/tamil-asylum-seeker-self-immolates-melbourne-protest/104281638 |access-date=2024-08-29 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref>
|-
|September 15, 2024
|Ekong Eshiet
|28
|{{flag|United States}}
|Protest against religious violations isolation, racism, and brutality against prison inmates
|Ekong and Trayvon were both inmates at [[Red Onion State Prison]] in Virginia. On September 15, both men set themselves on fire in solitary confinement making these demands and suffered third degree burns and were transferred to University of Virginia. Ekong appeared on a [[Prison Radio|PrisonRadio]] show where he revealed his reasons why he immolated himself and that he had begun a hunger strike but other prison inmates also began a hunger strike.<ref name=":34">{{Cite web |last=Vogel |first=Sara |date=2024-11-13 |title=Two Men Attempt Self-Immolation at Virginia State Prison...and Other News on Solitary Confinement This Week |url=https://solitarywatch.org/2024/11/13/two-men-attempt-self-immolation-at-virginia-state-prisonand-other-news-on-solitary-confinement-this-week/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Solitary Watch |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|September 15, 2024
|Trayvon Brown
|
|{{flag|United States}}
|Protest against isolation, racism, and brutality against prison inmates
|Ekong and Trayvon were both inmates at [[Red Onion State Prison]] in Virginia. On September 15, both men set themselves on fire in solitary confinement making these demands and suffered third degree burns and were transferred to University of Virginia.<ref name=":34" />
|-
|{{dts|2024-10-18}}
|Unknown
|56
|{{Flag|Chile}}
|Protest against the government for a case of unlawful coercion against him
|A 56-year-old man attempted self-immolation outside of the [[Palacio de los Tribunales de Justicia de Santiago]], Chile. Flames where quickly doused by [[Carabineros de Chile|Carabineros]], and the man was taken to hospital with burns on his neck.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hombre se quema a lo bonzo afuera del Palacio de Tribunales: carabinero lo salva lanzándolo a pileta|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2024/10/18/hombre-intenta-quemarse-a-lo-bonzo-en-el-exterior-del-palacio-de-tribunales.shtml|website=[[Radio Bío-Bío|Bío-Bío Chile]]|last1=Delgado|first1=Felipe|last2=Borcoski|first2=Christian|date=2024-10-18|access-date=2024-10-18}}</ref>
|-
|December 31, 2024
|Sunil
|35
|{{flag| India }}
|Police harassment
|Rickshaw driver who was harassed by police officers. Burned himself at his home. Died 7 days later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Auto driver dies after self-immolation bid, family alleges police harassment - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/auto-driver-dies-after-self-immolation-bid-family-alleges-police-harassment/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |January 3, 2025
|Raju Patel
|25
| rowspan="2" |{{flag| India }}
| rowspan="2" |Protest of hazardous waste to Pithampur for incineration
| rowspan="2" |Both men were present at a protest with dozens of other people. They were seen dousing themselves with an accelerant and lighting themselves on fire. Both are in the hospitals with burn injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=indiatomorrow |first=admin |date=2025-01-04 |title=Two youths attempt self-immolation as Pithampur protest gains momentum on Carbide factory's waste issue |url=https://indiatomorrow.net/2025/01/04/two-youths-attempt-self-immolation-as-pithampur-protest-gains-momentum-on-carbide-factorys-waste-issue/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=IndiaTomorrow}}</ref>
|-
|Rajkumar Raghuvanshi
|27
|-
|January 15, 2025
|Unknown man
|60s
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|Impeachment of [[Yoon Suk Yeol]]
|Set himself on fire near South Korea's corruption investigation office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Man sets self on fire near South Korean anti-graft office |date=January 15, 2025 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/man-sets-self-on-fire-near-south-korean-anti-graft-office-101736946530528.html}}</ref> Later died of his injuries. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elderly South Korean man, believed to be Yoon supporter, dies after self-immolation |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/elderly-south-korean-man-believed-to-be-yoon-supporter-dies-after-self-immolation/3514381 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>
|-
|January 20, 2025
|Thairie Ritchie
|29
|{{flag|United States}}
|Political protest
|Civil rights activist from Santa Cruz. Set himself on fire on the [[Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)|Black Lives Matter mural]] at Santa Cruz City Hall. Survived, but current condition unconfirmed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojeda |first=Hillary |date=2025-02-01 |title='This was a message': Friends say activist's self-immolation was an act of protest; plan Sunday vigil at city hall |url=https://lookout.co/this-was-a-message-friends-say-activists-self-immolation-was-an-act-of-protest-plan-sunday-vigil-at-city-hall/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Lookout Santa Cruz |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Prominent local civil rights activist set himself on fire near Santa Cruz City Hall; the motive is unclear | date=January 28, 2025 | url=https://lookout.co/prominent-local-civil-rights-activist-set-himself-on-fire-near-santa-cruz-city-hall-the-motive-is-unclear/story }}</ref>
|-
|February 15, 2025
|Sunil Kumar Mishra
|
|{{flag| India }}
|Firing from bank and abuse
|Former bank employee for [[Infrastructure Development Finance Company|IDFC]] in [[Varanasi]]. Fired from the bank where he soon doused himself and recorded a video revealing the extreme stress, mental breakdown, and suicides. Soon set himself ablaze with flames extinguished quickly by bystanders. Survived.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Latestly |first=Team |date=2025-02-07 |title=Varanasi: Fired From Job Over Negligence, IDFC Bank Employee Sets Himself on Fire in UP; Video Surfaces {{!}} 📰 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/india/news/varanasi-fired-from-job-over-negligence-idfc-bank-employee-sets-himself-on-fire-in-up-video-surfaces-6625765.html |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|February 25, 2025
|Mohammad Asif Javed Jutt
|48
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|Illegal practices from his former employer, attempt to dismantle workers union, workers rights
|Worked at Nestle's Kabirwala plant for 16 years. Attempted to unionize for better labor conditions but was fired. Fought for 9 years in court, immolated himself inside the premises of Pakistan's Lahore High Court. Died days later. Left behind a wife and 4 children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nafisa |date=2025-03-24 |title=Former Nestlé Worker's Desperate Protest: The Tragic Death of Pakistan's Asif Jutt and the Fight for Labor Rights |url=https://wakeup.sg/asif-javed-jutt-self-immolation-pakistan/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Wake Up Singapore |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|March 7, 2025
|Unknown man
|79
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|Impeachment of [[Yoon Suk Yeol]]
|Supporter of Yoon Suk Yeol. Carried pamphlets denouncing opposition bloc and supporting Yoon. Immolated himself near Seoul City Hall around noon. He died shortly after. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elderly South Korean man, believed to be Yoon supporter, dies after self-immolation |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/elderly-south-korean-man-believed-to-be-yoon-supporter-dies-after-self-immolation/3514381 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>
|-
|November 16, 2025
|Bilal Ahmad Wani
|50s
|{{Flag|India}}
|Arrest of relatives for [[2025 Delhi car explosion]]
|Died the following day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-18 |title=Kashmir civilian dies after self-immolation as NIA alleges son aided Red Fort bomber |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/kashmir-man-dies-after-self-immolation-as-nia-links-his-son-to-red-fort-blast-module-prnt/cid/2133440 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251213234339/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/kashmir-man-dies-after-self-immolation-as-nia-links-his-son-to-red-fort-blast-module-prnt/cid/2133440 |archive-date=2025-12-13 |access-date=2025-12-30 |pages=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|December 15, 2025
|Prakash Sawant
|
|{{Flag|India}}
|Legal issues
|Suffered 50% burns after self-immolating outside the [[Bombay High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-16 |title=Man Sets Himself Ablaze Near Bombay High Court Over Dispute With Lawyer |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/man-sets-himself-ablaze-near-bombay-high-court-over-dispute-with-lawyer-9821892 |access-date=2025-12-30 |work=NDTV}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[2011 Algerian self-immolations]]
* [[Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160119111907/http://thespeaker.co/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/The-Self-Immolators.pdf "The Self Immolators"] – a chronological list of biographies and last statements of known self immolators 1967 to 2013

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Political self-immolations}}
[[Category:Suicides by self-immolation| ]]
[[Category:Lists of people by cause of death|self-immolations]]
[[Category:Suicide-related lists]]
[[Category:Political history-related lists]]
[[Category:Buddhist martyrs]]

Institutes of Technology Act, 1961

2026-03-25T23:30:30Z

Vernell29N:

{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Institutes of Technology Act, 1961
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act to declare certain institutions of technology to be institutions of national importance and to provide for certain matters connected with such institutions and the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
| citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1705/1/196159.pdf Act No. 59 of 1961]
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]
| date_enacted = 19 December 1961
| date_assented = 19 December 1961
| date_commenced = 1 April 1962
| repeals = Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, 1956
| amended_by = {{ubl|Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 1963 (Act 29 of 1963)|Delegated Legislation Provisions (Amendment) Act, 1985 (Act 4 of 1986)|Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 1994 (Act 35 of 1994)|Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2002 (Act 16 of 2002)|Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2012 (Act 34 of 2012)|Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2016 (Act 41 of 2016)}}
| status = in force
}}

The '''Institutes of Technology Act, 1961''' is a legislation in India giving legal status, including degree granting powers, to the [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] (IITs). It was notified in the gazette as Act number 59 of 1961 on 20 December 1961 and came into effect on 1 April 1962. The Act also declares these institutes as '''Institutes of National Importance'''.

==Amendments==
===1963===
The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 1963 was enacted to bring [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]] under the act with effect from 13 September 1963.

===1994===
The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 1994 was enacted to bring [[Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati]] under the act with effect from 1 September 1994.

===2002===
The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2002 was enacted to bring [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]] under the act with effect from 21 September 2001.

===2011===
The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2011 brought eight new IITs under the purview of the act, as well as recognised [[IIT-BHU]] as an IIT. The bill was passed in the [[Rajya Sabha]] on 30 April 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajya Sabha passes bill for 8 new IITs|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/rajya-sabha-passes-bill-for-8-new-iits-469978.html|publisher=News18|date=30 April 2012}}</ref>

===2016===
The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2016 was introduced in [[Lok Sabha]] by [[Prakash Javadekar]], [[Minister of Human Resource Development]], on 19 July 2016 to bring six new [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] and [[Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad]] under the purview of the act.<ref>{{citation |title=Bill introduced in Lok Sabha to bring 6 new IITs, ISM under IIT Act |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bill-introduced-in-lok-sabha-to-bring-6-new-iits-ism-under-iit-act/articleshow/53286260.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=19 July 2016 }}</ref> The Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 25 July 2016. The Rajya Sabha passed the Bill on 2nd, August 2016. The Bill was assented to by the President of India on 9 August 2016 and a Gazette Notification was published on 10 August 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/171242.pdf|title=Gazette of India|date=10 August 2016|website=E - Gazette}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Institutes of Technology}}
{{India-law-stub}}

[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1961]]
[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology| ]]

Sena dynasty

2026-03-22T12:30:09Z

Vernell29N: brief fix lead per standard format

{{short description|Hindu dynasty of Bengal region, ruled 10th to 12th century}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox Former Country
| conventional_long_name = Sena dynasty
| common_name = Sena dynasty
| country =
| era = [[Middle Kingdoms of India]]
| status =
| event_start =
| year_start = 1070
| date_start =
| event1 = [[Sena revolution of Bengal|Sena Revolution]]
| date_event1 = 1070–1179
| event2 = [[Sena-Gahadavala Conflicts]]
| date_event2 = 1155–1206
| event3 = [[Ghurid conquest of Bengal]]
| date_event3 = 1205
| event_end =
| year_end = 1230
| date_end =
| p1 = Pala Empire
| p2 = Varman Dynasty (Bengal){{!}}Varman dynasty
| p3 = Samatata
| s1 = Deva dynasty
| s2 = Khalji dynasty of Bengal
| symbol_type = [[Coat of arms]]
| image_map = Map of the Senas.png
| map_width = 270px
| image_map_caption = Map of the Senas of Bengal<ref name="JS">{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical Atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library|author-link=Joseph E. Schwartzberg |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/schwartzberg/query.py?object=185&display_type=image_display#gsc.tab=0|page=147, Map "f"}}</ref>
| capital = [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]], [[Bikrampur]], [[Nabadwip]], [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]
| religion = [[Vaisnavism|Hinduism]]
| common_languages = [[Old Bengali]], [[Sanskrit]]
| year_leader5 = 1179–1206 CE
| leader5 = [[Lakshmana Sena]]
| year_leader6 = 1206–1225 CE
| leader6 = [[Vishvarupa Sena]]
| year_leader7 = 1225–1230 CE
| leader7 = [[Keshava Sena]]
| leader8 = [[Surya Sena]]<ref name="Raj Kumar 340">{{cite book | author= Raj Kumar |title= Essays on Medieval India |year= 2003 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JB-B7Hk_35AC&q=samanta+sena&pg=PA340| page=340|publisher= Discovery Publishing House |isbn= 9788171416837 }}</ref>
| leader9 = [[Narayana Sena]]<ref name="Raj Kumar 340"/>
| leader10 = [[Laksmana Sena II]]<ref name="Raj Kumar 340"/>
| leader11 =
| year_leader11 =
| title_leader = Mahārājādhirāja Vaṅgapati
| year_leader1 = 1070–1095 CE
| leader1 = [[Samanta Sena]]
| year_leader2 = 1095–1096 CE
| leader2 = [[Hemanta Sena]]
| year_leader3 = 1096–1159 CE
| leader3 = [[Vijaya Sena]]
| year_leader4 = 1159–1179 CE
| leader4 = [[Ballala Sena]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| legislature =
| today =
}}

The '''Sena dynasty''' was a [[List of Hindu empires and dynasties|Hindu dynasty]] during the [[Classical India|early medieval period]] on the [[Indian subcontinent]], that ruled from [[Bengal]] through the 11th and 12th centuries.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6oBDAAAAYAAJ |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India : 1000-1526 A.D |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-39101-920-1 |edition= |pages=70}}</ref> The empire at its peak covered much of the north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent. The [[Pala Empire|Palas of Bengal]] were succeeded by the Sena Dynasty.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287/page/n269/mode/1up |title=History of Ancient Bengal |publisher=G. Bharadwaj, Calcutta |year=1971}}</ref>

The dynasty's founder was Samanta Sena. After him came Hemanta Sena, who usurped power and styled himself king in 1095 AD. His successor [[Vijaya Sena]] ({{Reign|1096|1159}}) helped lay the foundations of the dynasty and had an unusually long reign of over 60 years. [[Ballala Sena]] conquered [[Gaur, West Bengal|Gaur]] from the Pala, became the ruler of the Bengal Delta, and made [[Nadia district|Nadia]] the capital as well. Ballala Sena married Ramadevi a princess of the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] which indicates that the Sena rulers maintained close social contact with south India.<ref>''Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib'' by Nitish K. Sengupta, p. 51.</ref> [[Lakshmana Sena]] succeeded Ballala Sena in 1179, ruled Bengal for approximately 20 years, and expanded the Sena dynasty to [[Odisha]], possibly up to [[Varanasi]]. In 1203–1204 AD, [[Qutb ud-Din Aibak|Qutbuddin Aibak]]'s ({{Reign|1206|1210}}) protégé, Muhammad Bin [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khalji]], a general under the [[Ghurid Empire]], [[Ghurid invasion of Bengal|launched an invasion]] and captured the capital city of Nadia. However Navadvip was not the permanent capital of the Sena rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApVjzgEACAAJ |title=The History of Bengal |publisher=University of Dacca |year=1976 |volume=2 |pages=5}}</ref> The detailed account of this invasion is given in ''[[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287/page/n284/mode/1up |title=History Of Ancient Bengal |publisher=G.Bharadwaj, Calcutta |publication-date=1971 |pages=234–235}}</ref>

==Origins==
{{History of Bengal}}
The rulers of the Sena Dynasty traced their origin to the south of India.<ref name=":1" /> [[Deopara Prashasti]] described the founder of Sena dynasty Samantha Sena, as a migrant [[Brahmakshatriya|Brahmaksatriya]] from [[Karnataka]].{{Sfn|Sen|1999|p=287}} The epithet 'Brahma-Kshatriya' suggests that Senas were Brahmins by caste who took the profession of arms and became Kshatriyas.<ref name=":4" /> The Sena kings were also probably [[Baidya]]s, according to historian P.N. Chopra.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chopra|first=Pran Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAtuAAAAMAAJ|title=Religions and Communities of India|publisher=East-West Publications|year=1982|isbn=978-0-85692-081-3|page=78|quote=The Sena kings were probably Baidyas. The evidence of inscriptions shows that a dynasty of Baidya kings ruled over at least a part of Bengal from 1010 AD to 1200 AD. The most famous of these kings is Ballal Sena}}</ref>

A copper plate suggests that the Senas settled in western Bengal before the birth of Samantasena.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287/page/n270/mode/1up |title=History of Ancient Bengal |publisher=G. Bharadwaj, Calcutta |year=1971 |pages=220}}</ref> The Senas entered into the service of Palas as ''sāmantas'' in Rāḍha, probably under Samantasena.<ref name="sen">{{Cite book|last=Sen|first=Sailendra|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History|publisher=Primus Books|year=2013|isbn=978-9-38060-734-4|pages=35–36}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Furui |first1=Ryosuke |title=Land and Society in Early South Asia: Eastern India 400–1250 AD |date=2 July 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-08480-1 |pages=188|language=en|chapter=6: Towards Brahmanical Systematisation: c. 1100–1250 AD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lM6gDwAAQBAJ&q=Towards+Brahmanical+Systematisation:+c.+1100%E2%80%931250+AD}}</ref> With the decline of the Pālas, their territory had expanded to include Vaṅga and a part of Varendra by the end of Vijayasena's reign.<ref name=":0" /> The Palas were ousted in totality, and their entire territory annexed sometime after 1165.<ref name=":0" />

==Inscription of Keshava Sena==
A copperplate was found in the Adilpur or Edilpur [[pargana]] of [[Faridpur District]] in 1838 AD and was acquired by the [[Asiatic Society of Bengal]], but now the copperplate is missing from the collection. An account of the copperplate was published in the ''[[Dacca Review]]'' and ''Epigraphic Indica''. The copperplate inscription is written in [[Sanskrit]] and the characters dated to about the end of the twelfth century AD.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mukherji |first1=Ramaranjan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Pu_wwEACAAJ |title=Corpus Of Bengal Inscriptions Bearing on History and Civilization of Bengal |last2=Maity |first2=Sachindra Kumar |publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay |year=1967 |volume=1 |pages=333}}</ref> In the Asiatic Society's proceeding for January 1838, an account of the copperplate states that three villages were given to a [[Brahmin]] in the third year of [[Keshava Sena]]. The grant was given with the landlord rights, which include the power of punishing the ''Chandrabhandas'' or [[Sundarban]]s, a tribe that lived in the forest.<ref name="BangChit">{{Citation | last = Hunter | first = William Wilson | contribution = A statistical account of Bengal, Volume 1 | title = [[Google Books]] | publisher = Murry and Gibbs | place = Edinburgh | year = 1875 | contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9WEOAAAAQAAJ&q=adilpur+copperplate&pg=PA379| access-date = 3 October 2009}}</ref> The land was granted in the village of Leliya in the Kumaratalaka mandala, which is situated in shatata-padamavati-visaya. The copperplate of Keshava Sena records that the king Vallala Sena carried away, from the enemies, the goddesses of fortune on palanquins ([[Ashvamedha|Shivaka]]), which elephant tusk staff supported; and also states that Vallala Sena's son, Lakshmana Sena (1179–1206), erected pillars of victory and sacrificial posts at Varanasi, Allahabad, and Adon Coast of the South Sea. The copperplate also describes the villages with smooth fields growing excellent paddy, the dancing and music in ancient Bengal, and ladies adorned with blooming flowers. The Edilpur copperplate of Keshava Sena records that the king made a grant in favour of Nitipathaka Isvaradeva Sarman for the inside of the ''subha-varsha''.

==Society==
The Sena rulers consolidated the caste system [[Kulinism]] in Bengal.{{sfn|Siddiq|2015|p=35}}

==Architecture==
The Sena dynasty is notable for building [[Hindu temple]]s and monasteries.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} King [[Ballāla Sena]] built the [[Dhakeshwari Temple]] in 12-century CE in what is now [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Orum |first1=Anthony M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pz1OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA449 |title=The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies |date=15 April 2019 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-56845-3 |page=449 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tambling |first1=Jeremy |title=The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies |date=29 October 2022 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-319-62419-8 |page=546 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ha2YEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA546}}</ref>
[[File:Dhakeswari Mata Idol.jpg|thumb|Dhakeswari Mata Idol]]

In Kashmir, the dynasty also likely built a temple knows as Sankara Gaureshwara.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mitra |first=Rajendralala |date=1865 |title=On the Sena Rajas of Bengal |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128113#page/195/mode/1up |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=34 part 1 |issue=3 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |pages=141–142}}</ref>[[File:Bengala, epoca pala-sena, vishnu vasudeva, xii sec.JPG|thumb|200px|left|A sculpture of the [[Hindu deity]] [[Vishnu]] from the Sena period.]]

==Coinage==
In the political history of Bengal, Sena dynasty was a mighty ruling dynasty in power. Various currency names have been regularly mentioned in the Sena writings, such as ''[[Purana]], Dharan, Dramma''. These terms were used to mean a silver coin weighing 32 ratis (56.6 grains) or a karshapan weighing scale. The term '''Kapardaka Purana''' is seen as a medium of exchange in the writings of the Sena kings and other contemporary kings. Karpadak means [[cow]]; And 'Purana' is definitely a kind of silver coin. The conjunction ‘kapardaka-purana’ refers to a medium of exchange whose quality is equal to that of a purana or silver coin (56.6 grains), but which is actually calculated by the proportional denominator. The table found in the traditional arithmetic of Bengal contained 1260 cowries instead of one [[silver coin]] (Purana or Dramma). That is, the ratio of Purana and Kapardaka is 1: 1280. Reliable evidence of the widespread use of cowrie in early medieval Bengal has been found in excavations at [[Paharpur, India|Paharpur]] and Kalgang (Bihar near [[Bhagalpur]]). Early medieval Bengal saw the scarcity of precious coins and the widespread circulation of cowries. Scholars have long sought to explain the virtual limitations of coins at this time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Coins |title=Coins |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>

== Decline ==
{{South Asia in 1175}}
Downfall of Sena dynasty was destined under the rule of weak rulers of this dynasty. This dynasty started declining during the rule of Lakshmana Sena who was the last significant Sena king. He was succeeded by his two sons [[Vishvarupa Sena]] and [[Keshava Sena]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287/page/n286/mode/1up |title=History Of Ancient Bengal |publisher=G.Bharadwaj, Calcutta |year=1971 |pages=236}}</ref> Probably they ruled till at least 1230 AD.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287/page/n288/mode/1up |title=History Of Ancient Bengal |publisher=G.Bharadwaj, Calcutta |year=1971 |pages=238}}</ref> However it was learnt from Tabaqat-i-Nasiri that the descendants of Lakshmana Sena ruled in Bengal (Bang) till at least 1245 AD or 1260 AD.<ref name=":5" />

== Legacy ==
{{See also|Sena-Gahadavala Conflicts}}
The Senas and their descendants merged into the [[Bengali Kayastha|Kayastha]] caste-group, heralding them as the neo-Kshatriyas of Bengal — hence, [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]] would write that Bengal had always been ruled by Kayasthas.<ref name="AlHind">{{cite book|author=Andre Wink|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCVyhH5VDjAC|title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|year=1991|isbn=978-90-04-09509-0|page=269|accessdate=3 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="RiseofIslam">{{cite book|last=Eaton|first=Richard Maxwell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760|publisher=University of California Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-52020-507-9|pages=102–103}}</ref> The actual caste-status of Senas —{{Nbsp}}notwithstanding the anachronism{{Nbsp}}— remain contested in popular memory: premodern Baidya genealogies claim the Senas as their own which are agreed upon by some Brahmin genealogies but rejected by Kayastha ones.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Chatterjee|first=Kumkum|date=1 October 2010|title=Scribal elites in Sultanate and Mughal Bengal|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/001946461004700402|journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review|language=en|volume=47|issue=4|pages=445–472|doi=10.1177/001946461004700402|issn=0019-4646|s2cid=143802267|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Chatterjee|first=Kumkum|date=1 September 2005|title=Communities, Kings and Chronicles: The Kulagranthas of Bengal|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/025764300502100203|journal=Studies in History|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=173–213|doi=10.1177/025764300502100203|issn=0257-6430|s2cid=144413665|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Dineschandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mh1y1eMgGBMC&pg=P216|title=Studies in the Religious Life of Ancient and Medieval India|date=1971|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-2790-5|language=en|quote=It may be added that the Senas themselves came to be regarded as Vaidyas in the Vaidya Kula-pañjikās.}}</ref>

===Nepal===
{{Main|Senas of Makwanpur}}
In the 16th century, a dynasty emerged in the southern parts of [[Nepal]] near the border with [[Bihar]] which used the Sena surname and claimed descent from the Senas of Bengal. One of their branches formed the [[Senas of Makwanpur|Sena dynasty of Makwanpur]] which ruled from the fort of [[Makwanpur Gadhi]].<ref name=Das2014>{{cite journal | title=The Sena Dynasty: From Bengal to Nepal | author= Basudevlal Dad | journal=Academic Voices |volume = 4| year=2014}}</ref> This branch of the Sena dynasty adopted the local language of the region, [[Maithili language|Maithili]] which became their state language.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Basudevlal |title=Maithili in Medieval Nepal: A Historical Apprisal |journal=Academic Voices |date=2013 |volume=3 |pages=1–3 |doi=10.3126/av.v3i1.9704 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Family tree ==
{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=yes|Sena dynasty}}

{{Tree chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:95%}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Hemanta Sena|Hemanta Sena]]''' (1) r. 1095-1096|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Vijaya Sena|Vijaya Sena]]''' (2) r. 1096-1159|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Ballāla Sena|Ballala Sena]]''' (3) r. 1159-1179|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Lakshmana Sena|Lakshmana Sena]]''' (4) r. 1179-1206|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Vishvarupa Sena|Vishvarupa Sena]]''' (5) r. 1206-1225|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|
A02='''[[Keshava Sena|Keshava Sena]]''' (6) r. 1225-1230|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart/end}}

{{Chart bottom}}

==Literature==
[[File: WLA lacma Bangladesh Dinajpur District Dancing Ganesha.jpg|thumb|right|Art of the Senas, 11th century.]]
The Sena rulers were also great patrons of literature. During the Pala dynasty and the Sena dynasty, the development of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] was witnessed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerji |first=Rakhal Das |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZg6vwEACAAJ |title=The Origin of the Bengali Script |publisher=Nababharat Publishers |year=1973 |pages=81}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sen|1999|p=285}}Among the poets at the court of Lakshmana Sena were:
* Govardhana
* Sarana
* Jayadeva
* Umapati
* Dhoyi/[[Dhoyin]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287/page/n407/mode/1up |title=History Of Ancient Bengal |publisher=G. Bharadwaj, Calcutta |year=1971 |pages=357}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dhakeshwari Mata Temple, Kumortuli]]
* [[History of Bengal]]
* [[History of India]]
* [[Edilpur Copperplate]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
'''Sources'''
{{refbegin}}
* Early History of India 3rd and revised edition by Vincent A Smith
* {{citation |last=Siddiq |first=Mohammad Yusuf |title=Epigraphy and Islamic Culture:Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205–1494) |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series}}
* {{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=History of Ancient Bengal |year=1971 |location=Calcutta |publisher=G. Bhardwary & Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0}}{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{cite book |last=Chowdhury |first=AM |year=2012 |chapter=Sena Dynasty |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sena_Dynasty |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Bengal dynasty
| years =
| before = [[Pala Empire|Pala dynasty]]
| after = [[Deva dynasty]] [[Khalji dynasty of Bengal|Khalji dynasty]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Middle kingdoms of India}}

{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Sena dynasty| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 11th century]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1230]]

Rafta Rafta – The Speed

2026-03-18T07:02:33Z

Vernell29N: put up a info...

{{short description|Indian romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rafta Rafta – The Speed
| image = Rafta Rafta – The Speed.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Raj Sharma
| writer = Nawab Arzoo
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Madhusudhan D. Mehta
| starring = [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] [[Venkat (actor)|Viraaj Kumar]] Urmila Rao [[Monica Castelino]] [[Rahul Roy]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Damodar Naidu
| editing = Keshav Naidu
| music = Sen Brothers
| studio = Raj Dhairya Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|2|17}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = ₹3 crore<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1602|title=Rafta Rafta - The Speed - Movie - Box Office India|website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Rafta Rafta – The Speed''''' is a 2006 Hindi-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Raj Sharma starring [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]], [[Venkat (actor)|Viraaj Kumar]], Urmila Rao, [[Monica Castelino]] and [[Rahul Roy]] with [[Jawed Sheikh]] and [[Shakti Kapoor]] in supporting roles.

The film was released to negative reviews although the music was well received. The film, however, was a commercial failure.<ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/i-learnt-from-my-mistakes/articleshow/1480534.cms|title='I learnt from my mistakes'|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 April 2006|first=Madhu Rao|last=Ogirala|access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/venkat-hero.html|title=Interview with Venkat|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=27 June 2008|access-date=13 December 2024|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120235205/https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/venkat-hero.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{no plot|date=June 2025}}

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Rahul
* [[Venkat (actor)|Viraaj Kumar]] as Akshay
* [[Monica Castelino]] as Neha
* [[Urmila Rao]] as Shilpa
* [[Rahul Roy]] as Spencer
* [[Jawed Sheikh]] as Shilpa's brother
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Johny
* [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] as Ponty Chaddha
* Sheetal Bedi as Candy Kaur
* [[Shakti Singh (actor)|Shakti Singh]] as Harish
* Pushpa Verma as Gayetri
* Brownie
* Shaukat Ali
* Heena Rajput as Mrs. B. Garewal
* [[Asha Sachdev]] as Parminder Kaur
* [[Mumaith Khan]] (item number in "Sachmuch Badi Ho Gayi")
}}

== Production ==
The film was shot in London.<ref name="T"/> The film was stuck in production for one-and-a-half years.<ref name="I"/>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Rafta Rafta – The Speed
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Sen Brothers
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 6 December 2005
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 31:22<ref>{{cite web |title=Rafta Rafta the Speed (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/20fywWpTxF7UoXipxr1mFe |website=[[Spotify]] |access-date=13 December 2024 |language=en |date=6 December 2005}}</ref>
| language = Hindi
| label = Venus Music
| producer =
| chronology =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}
The music was composed by the Sen Brothers with lyrics by Nawab Arzoo. In a music review, a critic from ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]'' wrote that "Sometimes small films manage to surprise one with the quality of their music. This is one such" and called the title song rendered by [[Udit Narayan]] and [[Shreya Ghoshal]] as the pick of the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060114/saturday/audio.htm|title=AUDIO SCAN: Some lively beats|work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]|date=14 January 2006|access-date=13 December 2024|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715010755/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060114/saturday/audio.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Rafta Rafta Tumse Pyar Ho
| length1 = 4:47
| all_lyrics =
| extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| title2 = Lagi Lagan
| length2 = 10:44
| extra2 = [[Keerthi Sagathia]]
| title3 = Pyar Mohabbat Romance
| length3 = 5:08
| extra3 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], Madan
| title4 = Main Such Much Badi Ho Gayi
| length4 = 4:53
| extra4 = [[Sonu Kakkar]]
| title5 = Mukhtasar Si Ek Hasi
| length5 = 5:48
| extra5 = [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]]
| total_length = 31:22
}}

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' wrote that "On the whole, ''RAFTA RAFTA - THE SPEED'' is a dull fare".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/rafta-rafta-the-speed/user-reviews/rafta-rafta-the-speed-review-by-trade-guide/|title=Rafta Rafta – The Speed|date=17 February 2006|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=13 December 2024|archive-date=19 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219210124/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/rafta-rafta-the-speed/user-reviews/rafta-rafta-the-speed-review-by-trade-guide/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Box office ==
The film earned ₹44, 683 in its first week.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/scoreboard-2006-1st-week-screen-averages-all-india-performance/|title=Scoreboard 2006 – 1st Week Screen Averages [All India Performance]|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 January 2007|access-date=13 December 2024|archive-date=24 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824033348/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/scoreboard-2006-1st-week-screen-averages-all-india-performance/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1589495}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2006 Hindi-language films]]

Tada railway station

2026-03-12T06:25:05Z

Vernell29N:

{{Short description|Railway Junction in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Tada railway station
| native_name =
| other_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[rail station]]
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = [[Tada, Tirupati district|Tada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13.5889|80.03608}}
| elevation = {{convert|10|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| line = [[Gudur–Chennai section|Chennai–Gudur]]
| platforms = 3 [[side platforms]]
| tracks =
| structure =
| parking = Available
| accessible = Yes
| status = Functional
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = TADA<ref>{{cite web|title=Station Code Index|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf|work=Centre For Railway Information Systems|access-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216225807/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2024|date=2023–24}}</ref>
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Chennai}}
}}
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| passengers =
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| image_size =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
}}

'''Tada railway station''' (station code: TADA) is a [[List of railway stations in India|railway station]] located in [[Tada, Tirupati district|Tada]], [[Tirupati district]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/tada-tada/6646#st|title=Tada railway station|work=Indiarailinfo|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> It is located on the [[Gudur–Chennai section]] of the [[Howrah-Chennai main line]] and comes under the jurisdiction of [[Chennai railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]]. It is classified as a NSG-6 station (annual revenue less than 10  million rupees and less than 1 million passengers handled).<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Railway list of stations|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf|work=Centre For Railway Information Systems|access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323095403/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf|archive-date=23 March 2024|page=1|date=1 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=177784|title=Categorization of Railway Stations|date=21 March 2018|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 May 2024|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925075945/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=177784|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IndiaRailInfo|6646}}

{{Railway stations in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Chennai railway division|Chennai]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Tirupati district]]

Honour Killing (film)

2026-03-08T02:55:01Z

Vernell29N: fixes

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Honour Killing
| image = Honour Killing poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Avtar Bhogal
| producer = [[Manmohan Singh (film director)|Manmohan Singh]]
| writer = Avtar Bhogal
| screenplay = Avtar Bhogal
| story = Avtar Bhogal
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Zara Sheikh]]
* Sandeep Singh
}}
| music = [[Uttam Singh]]
| cinematography = Chris Tritschler
| editing = Rajeev Gupta
| production_companies = {{Plainlist|
* ABC Films International
* Ek Onkar Films
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|02|27}}
| runtime = 145 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/honour-killing-film | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114232914/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/honour-killing-film | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 November 2016 | title=''Honour Killing'' (12A) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=6 June 2014 | accessdate=13 November 2016}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = {{Plainlist|
* Hindi
* Punjabi
* English
}}
}}
'''''Honour Killing''''' is a 2015 [[Bollywood]] multilingual [[Social film|social]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by Avtar Bhogal, and produced by [[Manmohan Singh (film director)|Manmohan Singh]] under the banners of ABC Films International and Ek Onkar Films. The film features actors [[Zara Sheikh]] and Sandeep Singh in the lead roles. The film's music was composed by [[Uttam Singh]].<ref name=bh>{{cite web|title=Honour Killing (2014)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/738323|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414111532/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/738323|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2014|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=21 April 2014}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Zara Sheikh]] as Sameera
* Sandeep Singh as Sunny
* [[Tom Alter]] as Mr. Smith
* [[Gulshan Grover]] as Harjinder Singh
* [[Prem Chopra]] as Gurmail Singh
* Majid Hussein
* [[Javed Sheikh]]
* Chloe Wicks
* Sandeep Garcha
* Gurdial Sira
* Karan Singh
* Ward Khan
* Pammi Dhillon
* [[Zeeshan Ali]]
* Scott Mills as Police Officer

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Honour Killing
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Uttam Singh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|3|13}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=41|s=42}}
| label = Blue Tomatoes Music
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Rajjo]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
[[Uttam Singh]] composed the [[film score]] of ''Honour Killing'' with lyrics by Dev Kohli.<ref>{{cite web|title=Honour Killing soundtrack|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/honour-killing/id853589863|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404092910/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/honour-killing/id853589863|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 April 2015|publisher=iTunes|accessdate=21 April 2014}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Honour Killing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 41:42
| all_lyrics = Dev Kohli
| all_music = [[Uttam Singh]]
| title1 = Dilan Te Hukumtaan - Female
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 4:58
| title2 = Dilan Te Hukumtaan - Male
| extra2 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
| length2 = 5:05
| title3 = Dholna
| extra3 = Shreya Ghoshal, Kunal Ganjawala
| length3 = 5:50
| title4 = Dharti Guruan DI
| extra4 = [[Lakhwinder Wadali]]
| length4 = 6:29
| title5 = Khao Piyo Jio
| extra5 = Sumitra Iyer, Ravinder Updhyay
| length5 = 4:33
| title6 = Rabba Maaf Kareen
| extra6 = [[Roop Kumar Rathod]]
| length6 = 7:11
| title7 = Balle Balle Shava Shava
| extra7 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Uttam Singh]]
| length7 = 7:36
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.filmhonourkillings.com/|title=Honour Killing official site}}
* {{IMDb title|4335698}}
{{Honor killing}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Honour Killing}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s musical drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in England]]
[[Category:Films shot in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films about honor killing]]
[[Category:2015 drama films]]
[[Category:2015 English-language films]]
[[Category:Honour killing in India]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:British Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in England]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:English-language musical drama films]]
[[Category:2015 musical films]]

{{Musical-drama-film-stub}}
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Ganj-i-Sawai

2026-03-07T19:22:20Z

Vernell29N: enhanced citations for accuracy

{{Short description|Armed Ghanjah dhow (trading ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox ship
| display_title = ''Ganj-i-Sawai''
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Ganj-i-Sawai, Mughal Hajj Ship.jpg
| image_caption = A later (1933) interpretation of Ganj-i-Sawai. The ship is inaccurately depicted as an [[East Indiaman]].
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| flag =
| name = ''Ganj-I-Sawai''
| owner = <ul>
<li>[[Mariam-uz-Zamani]]
<li>[[Jahangir]]</li>
<li>[[Shah Jahan]]</li>
<li>[[Aurangzeb]]</li>
</ul>
| operator =
| route =
| ordered = In 1614 by Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani<ref name = AiyshaSafdar/>
| builder =
| original_cost =
| yard_number =
| way_number =
| laid_down =
| launched = 1616
| completed = 1616
| acquired =
| maiden_voyage = 1617
| in_service =
| registry =
| out_of_service = 7 September 1695
| identification =
| fate = [[Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet|Seized by pirates]]
| notes =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| type = [[Ghanjah]] [[sailing ship]]
| tonnage =
| displacement = 1500{{sfn|Johnson|2020|p=120}} to 1600 tons{{sfn|Baer|2005|p=101}}<ref name="google2">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nw4IAQAAIAAJ&dq=rahimi+ship+length&pg=PA469 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Tha'na (2 pts.) - Google Books |year=1882 |accessdate=2020-01-20}}</ref>
| length =
| beam =
| height =
| draught =
| depth =
| decks =
| power =
| propulsion =
| speed =
| complement = 1100–1300 total, 400–500 of which were soldiers{{sfn|Saletore|1978|p=54—55}}
| armament = 40–80 guns{{sfn|Saletore|1978|p=54—55}}/ 800 guns<ref>{{harvtxt|Kaushik Roy|2015|p=194 }}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Roy|1972|p=XII }}</ref>
| notes =
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Golden Age of Piracy}}
The '''''Ganj-i-Sawai''''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]/[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: ''Ganj-i-Sawai'', in English "Exceeding Treasure", often anglicized as '''''Gunsway''''') was an armed ship belonging to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. During [[Aurangzeb]]'s reign, it was [[Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet|captured]] on 7 September 1695 by the English pirate [[Henry Every]] en route from present-day [[Mocha, Yemen|Mocha]], Yemen to [[Surat]], India. It was built on the order of [[Mariam-uz-Zamani|Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani]], great-grandmother of Aurengzeb, after the capture of her ship named ''[[Rahīmī|Rahimi]]''.<ref name = AiyshaSafdar>{{cite journal
| last1 = Safdar
| first1 = Aiysha
| last2 = Azam Kalan
| first2 = Muhammad
| journal = Journal of Indian Studies
| title = History of Indian Ocean-A South Asian Perspective
| date = January–June 2021
| volume = 7
| number = 1
| pages = 183–200
| url = https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/indianStudies/PDF/12_v7_1_21.pdf
}}</ref>{{rp|pp=186–187}}

==Capture by pirates==
{{Main|Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet}}

In August 1695, [[Henry Every]], captaining the 46-gun, 5th rate [[frigate]] ''[[Fancy (ship)|Fancy]]'', reached the [[Bab-el-Mandeb|Mandab Strait]], where he teamed up with five other pirate ships, including [[Thomas Tew]]'s 8-gun, 46-man [[sloop-of-war]] ''Amity'', [[Richard Want]] in ''Dolphin'', [[Joseph Faro]] in ''Portsmouth Adventure'', [[Thomas Wake (pirate)|Thomas Wake]] in ''Susannah'', and [[William May (pirate)|William Maze]] in ''Pearl''. Although a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] convoy of 25 ships bound for India had eluded the pirate fleet during the night, the following day they encountered ''Ganj-i-Sawai'' and her escort ''Fateh Muhammed'' with both stragglers passing the straits en route to [[Surat]].

Every and his men attacked ''Fateh Muhammed'', which had earlier repulsed an attack by ''Amity'', killing Captain Tew. Perhaps intimidated by ''Fancy''{{'}}s 46 guns or weakened by their earlier battle with Tew, ''Fateh Muhammed''{{'}}s crew put up little resistance, and Every's pirates sacked the ship and came away with £40,000 worth of treasure.

Every then sailed in pursuit of ''Ganj-i-Sawai'', overtaking her about eight days out of Surat. ''Ganj-i-Sawai'' was a fearsome opponent, mounting 62 guns and carrying four to five hundred guards armed with small arms,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Graham|title=Treasure and Intrigue: The Legacy of Captain Kidd|date=2002|publisher=Dundurn|location=Toronto|isbn=9781550024098|page=88|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAbB8ujNogEC|access-date=27 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> as well as six hundred other passengers. But the opening volley evened the odds, as one of the ''Ganj-i-Sawai''{{'}}s cannons exploded, killing some of its gunners and causing great confusion and demoralization among the crew, while Every's [[Broadside (naval)|broadside]] shot his enemy's mainmast by the board. The larger ''Fancy'' drew alongside, and a number of her 113-man crew clambered aboard, overpowering the crew, passengers, and slaves of ''Ganj-i-Sawai''.

The victorious pirates then subjected their captives to several days of horror, [[murder]]ing prisoners at will, and using [[torture]] to force them to reveal the location of the ships' treasure.

The loot from ''Ganj-i-Sawai'' totaled between £325,000 and £600,000, including "some 500,000 [[gold]] and [[silver]] pieces, plus numerous jeweled baubles and miscellaneous silver cups, trinkets, and so on."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burgess| first=Douglas R. Jr. | author-link = Douglas Burgess |title=The Politics of Piracy: Crime and Civil Disobedience in Colonial America|publisher=ForeEdge|year=2014|isbn=9781611685275|location=Lebanon, NH|pages=53}}</ref> Several crews went home empty-handed: Tew was dead, Want and Wake's ships were too slow and never made it to the battle, Faro made it to the ''Ganj-i-Sawai'' but never engaged, and Maze was present but Every took back their share of the loot after ''Pearl''{{'}}s crew tried to trade [[Methods of coin debasement|clipped]] coins to ''Fancy''{{'}}s men.<ref name="Neverland">{{cite book|last1=Rennie|first1=Neil|title=Treasure Neverland: Real and Imaginary Pirates|date=2013|publisher=OUP Oxford|location=Oxford|isbn=9780191668654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VXUMAgAAQBAJ|access-date=27 June 2017|language=en}}</ref> Every had been asked by the other pirate captains to carry the treasure to an agreed upon location where it would be split among the various crews, as ''Fancy'', with her 46 guns, carried the most fire power to guard it. Come nightfall, Every and his crew silently slipped away from the pirate armada, taking all ''Ganj-i-Sawai''<nowiki/>'s treasure with them.

In response to the capture of ''Ganj-i-Sawai'', the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, sent his army to five key ports for English trade in India—Bombay, Surat, Broach, Agra, and Ahmedabad—to close them. Aurangzeb effectively cut off English trade with India as he refused to reopen the ports until Henry Every was caught and executed for his crimes. The [[East India Company]] reconciled with the Mughal Emperor by fully compensating his losses, and filed an insurance claim for £350,000,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burgess| first=Douglas | author-link = Douglas Burgess |title=The Pirates' Pact: The Secret Alliances Between History's Most Notorious Buccaneers and Colonial America|url=https://archive.org/details/piratespactsecre00jrdo|url-access=limited|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=2009|isbn=9780071474764|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/piratespactsecre00jrdo/page/n161 143]}}</ref> though Mughal authorities demanded this amount be doubled. The desire to see Every executed led to the first truly global manhunt in history, though he and the majority of his crew would never be caught. Six members of his crew were captured, tried, and executed, though they were not found guilty of seizing ''Ganj-i-Sawai'', but rather a different ship.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The trial of Joseph Dawson, Edward Forseith, William May, Wm. Bishop, James Lewis, and John Sparkes, at the Old-Bailey, for felony and piracy|volume=13|issue=392, column 451|year=1812|journal=A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" widths="170" heights="170">
Avery Chasing the Great Mughal's Ship.jpg|''Ganj-i-Sawai'' being chased by Every's fleet. The ship is mistakenly depicted as an East Indiaman.
Every engaging the Great Mogul's Ship.jpg|Illustration of ''Ganj-i-Sawai'' (center) being attacked.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Polacca]]
* [[Rahīmī|Rahīmī (Mughal ship)]]
* [[Child's War]]
* [[Chinese treasure ship]]
* [[Javanese jong]]
* [[Sloop]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Baer |first=Joel |year=2005 |title=Pirates of the British Isles |publisher=Tempus |isbn=9780752423043}}
* {{cite book |last=Botting |first=Douglas |year=1978 |title=The Seafarers: The Pirates |publisher=Time-Life Books |pages=82–83}}
* {{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Steven |year=2020 |title=Enemy of All Mankind: A True Story of Piracy, Power, and History's First Global Manhunt |publisher=Riverhead Books |isbn=9780735211605}}
*{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Atul Chandra|title=History of Bengal: Mughal Period, 1526-1765 A.D.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532589/mode/2up |year=1968|publisher=Nababharat Publishers|location=Calcutta}}
* {{cite book |last=Roy |first=Atul Chandra |title=A history of Mughal navy and naval warfares |date=1972 |publisher=World Press |pages=XII |url=https://www.amazon.com/history-Mughal-navy-naval-warfares/dp/B0006C8KUY |access-date=6 April 2024 |language=En}}
* {{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oh7ICQAAQBAJ |title= Warfare in Pre-British India - 1500BCE to 1740CE |author= Kaushik Roy |date=2015 |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 978-1-317-58691-3 }}
* {{cite book |last=Saletore |first=Rajaram Narayan |year=1978 |title=Indian Pirates |publisher=Concept Publishing Company}}
* {{cite book |last=Woodard |first=Colin |year=2007 |title=The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |location=Orlando, FL |isbn=978-0-15-101302-9 |pages=20–23}}
{{refend}}

{{World's largest wooden ships}}
{{Pirates}}
{{Hajj incidents|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:1690s ships]]
[[Category:Mariam-uz-Zamani]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of India]]
[[Category:Military of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Piracy in the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Ships attacked and captured by pirates]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]
[[Category:Incidents during the Hajj]]

M. O. Joseph

2026-03-07T11:04:28Z

Vernell29N:

{{Short description|Indian film producer (1929–2016)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Essay|date=October 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| name = M. O. Joseph
| image = M.O.Joseph and Kunjamma Joseph.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt = M. O. Joseph and his wife Kunjamma Joseph
| caption = M. O. Joseph with his wife, Kunjamma Joseph, in 2016.
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1929|1|15}}
| birth_place = [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|1|8|1929|1|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Film Producer
| years_active = 1967–1983
| spouse = Kunjamma Joseph
| children = 5
| notable_works = ''[[Yakshi (film)|Yakshi]]'', ''[[Adimakal]]'', ''[[Chattakkari (1974 film)|Chattakkari]]'', ''[[Anubhavangal Palichakal]]'', ''[[Punarjanmam]]''
| awards = [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam]] (1969, 1970)
}}

'''Manjilas Ouseph Joseph''' (15 January 1929 – 8 January 2016) was a [[Malayalis|Malayali]] film producer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manjilas Joseph Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/producer/manjilas-joseph |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> He produced over 30 films in the 1960s and 1970s, including [[Yakshi (film)|Yakshi]], [[Adimakal]], [[Devi (1972 film)|Devi]], [[Chattakkari (1974 film)|Chattakkari]], [[Anubhavangal Palichakal]], and [[Punarjanmam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Malayalam movies under the banner Manjilas|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movieslist.php?bn=836|website=Malayalam Movie and Music Database}}</ref> He received two [[Filmfare Awards South]] for Best Malayalam Film. His films also received awards, including the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam.

==Early life==
Joseph was born on 15 January 1929 and grew up in [[Thrissur]]. His father was the manager of the Jose Theatre, which was started by Kattukkaran Varunny Joseph. He studied at [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur|St. Thomas College]] and later graduated with a [[Bachelor of Commerce]] from the [[Sacred Heart College, Kochi|Sacred Heart College]] in [[Ernakulam]], where his father was employed by the [[Shenoys Theatre]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manjilas Joseph |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/producer/manjilas-joseph |access-date=11 February 2025|website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> Upon completing his education, Joseph's father recommended that he assist [[T. E. Vasudevan]], who was involved in the distribution and production of films under the banner of Associated Pictures, as an apprentice. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manjilas Joseph |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/producer/manjilas-joseph |access-date=11 February 2025 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Joseph joined Vasudevan in 1950 with an initial salary of {{Indian rupee|150}} per month ($31.50 per month in 1950 USD).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manjilas Joseph |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/producer/manjilas-joseph |access-date=12 February 2025|website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> Associated Pictures was in a financial partnership with the [[Shenoys Theatre|Shenoys]]. [[T. E. Vasudevan|Vasudevan]] later launched his own business by starting JayaMaruthi Pictures, with Joseph joining him.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Joseph moved to [[Madras]] (now Chennai) in 1951 to manage the regional business of Associated Pictures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam Producer Manjilas Joseph Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/producer/manjilas-joseph |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> His initial foray into [[independent filmmaking]] was through a partnership with P. Balthazar and NV Joseph, under the production company Navajeevan Films.<ref>{{cite news|title=He was no ordinary producer|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/He-was-no-ordinary-producer/article13995789.ece|date=10 January 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|first=P.J. Ajith|last=Kumar|accessdate=28 October 2018}}</ref> The first film, ‘[[Naadan Pennu]]’ was released in 1967. It was directed by [[KS Sethumadhavan|K. S. Sethumadhavan]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Sethumadhavan |first=K. S. |title=Naadan Pennu |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0254598/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |others=Bahadur, Adoor Bhasi, N. Govindankutty}}</ref>

During the 1960's and 1970's, Joseph produced films under the Manjilas banner, working with directors such as [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]], Thoppil Baasi, and [[I. V. Sasi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of Malayalam Banner Manjilas |url=https://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=banner&artist=Manjilas |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=en.msidb.org}}</ref>
==Contributions to Malayalam film industry==
Joseph was a founder member of the Malayalam Chalachitra Parishad, an organization supporting film artists and their families. He also contributed to fundraising efforts for the Parishad. He was a founder member of the management committee of [[Asan Memorial College of Engineering and Technology]].<ref>{{cite news|title=TE Vasudevan: Cinema is his world|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-is-his-world/article4904720.ece|website=The Hindu|date=11 July 2013|last1=Shivpprasadh|first1=S.}}</ref>
[[File:M.O.Joseph - Children.jpg|thumbnail|left]]

== Personal life ==
In 1953, M. O. Joseph married Kunjamma Joseph. They had five children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Legendary producer M O Joseph passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/legendary-producer-m-o-joseph-passes-away/articleshow/50510062.cms |website=Times of India |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=9 January 2016}}</ref>

==Filmography==
A list of M. O. Joseph's films.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manjilas Banner List of movies|url=http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=banner&artist=Manjilas|website=Malayalam Music and Movie Encyclopedia}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! !! Name of film !! Banner !! Direction !! Year !! Cast !! Awards
|-
| 1 || ''[[Naadan Pennu]]''|| Navajeevan Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1967 || Prem Nazir, Sathyan, Sheela, Jayabharathi ||
|-
| 2 || ''[[Thokkukal Kadha Parayunnu]]''|| Navajeevan Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1968 || Prem Nazir, Sathyan, Sheela ||
|-
| 3 || ''[[Yakshi (film)|Yakshi]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1968 || Sathyan, Sharada ||
|-
| 4 || ''[[Adimakal]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1969 || Prem Nazir, Sathyan, Sheela, Sharada || Best Picture in Malayalam National Award for Best Feature Film
|-
| 5 || ''[[Kadalpalam]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1969 || Sathyan, Jayabharathi, K. P. Ummer ||
|-
| 6 || ''[[Vazhve Mayam]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1970 || Sathyan, Sheela ||
|-
| 7 || ''[[Aranazhika Neram]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1970 || Prem Nazir, Sathyan, Sheela, Ambika (Old), Kottarakkara || Best Director Best Story Best Actor
|-
| 8 || ''[[Anubhavangal Paalichakal]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1971 || Sathyan, Sheela || Best Picture in Malayalam
|-
| 9 || ''Devi''{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} || Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1972 || Prem Nazir, Madhu, Sheela ||
|-
| 10 || ''[[Punarjanmam]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1972 || Prem Nazir, Jayabharathi || Best Picture in Malayalam
|-
| 11 || ''[[Chukku]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1973 || Madhu, Sheela ||
|-
| 12 || ''[[Kaliyugam (1973 film)|Kaliyugam]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1973 || Jayabharathi, Sudheer, Bahadoor ||
|-
| 13 || ''[[Chattakkari (1974 film)|Chattakkari]]''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1974 || Lakshmi, Mohan Sharma || Best Picture in Malayalam Best Actress
|-
| 14 || ''Makkal''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1975 || Jayabharathi, Kaviyoor Ponnamma ||
|-
| 15 || ''Chuvanna Sadhayakal''|| Manjilas Films || K. S. Sethu Madhavan || 1975 || Lakshmi, Mohan Sharma ||
|-
| 16 || ''[[Missi (film)|Missi]]''|| Manjilas Films || Thopil Bhasi || 1976 || Lakshmi, Mohan Sharma, KP Ummer ||
|-
| 17 || ''[[Ponni (1976 film)|Ponni]]''|| Manjilas Films || Thopil Bhasi || 1976 || Kamalahasan, Lakshmi ||
|-
| 18 || ''[[Agninakshathram (1977 film)|Agninakshathram]]''|| Manjilas Films || A Vincent || 1977 || Lakshmi, Mohan Sharma ||
|-
| 19 || ''[[Guruvayur Keshavan]]''|| Manjilas Films || Bharathan || 1977 || Jayabharathi, MG Soman, Adoor Bhasi ||
|-
| 20 || ''[[Njaan Njaan Maathram]]''|| Manjilas Films || I. V. Sasi || 1978 || Madhu, Jayabharathi, Jose, Seema || Best Picture in Malayalam
|-
| 21 || ''[[Aniyara]]''|| Manjilas Films || Bharathan || 1978 || Soman, Padma ||
|-
| 22 || ''Ezhunirangal''|| Manjilas Films || Jeasy || 1979 || Jose, Vidhubala ||
|-
| 23 || ''[[Ivar (1980 film)|Ivar]]''|| Manjilas Films || I. V. Sasi || 1980 || Sharada, Seema, Jose ||
|-
| 24 || ''[[Parankimala]]''|| Manjilas Films || Bharathan || 1981 || Benny, Soorya, Rani Padmini ||
|-
| 25 || ''[[Odukkam Thudakkam]]''|| Manjilas Films || Malayatoor Ramakrishnan || 1982 || Ratheesh, Kalaranjini, Rajkumar, Nanditha Bose, K. P. Ummer ||
|-
| 26 || ''[[Eenam]]''|| Manjilas Films || Bharathan || 1983 || Venu Nagavally, Shanthi Krishna, Unni Mary ||
|}

== Awards ==
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam]] - ''[[Adimakal]]'' (1969)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=1969+M.O.Joseph|title = Collections|year = 1991}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam]] - ''[[Vaazhve Mayam|Vazhve Mayam]]'' (1970)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoPiAAAAMAAJ&q=vazhve+mayam|title = The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|year = 1971}}</ref>
==Death==
Joseph died on 8 January 2016 at his home in [[San Thome|San Thomas]], [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Film producer Manjilas Joseph passes away|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/film-producer-manjilas-joseph-passes-away-english-news-1.784769|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Legendary-producer-M-O-Joseph-passes-away/articleshow/50510062.cms Legendary producer M O Joseph passes away]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fa0kqC2yhjI M.O.Joseph - Producer Manjilas - Interview]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph, M. O.}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Film producers from Thrissur]]
[[Category:Malayalam cinema]]

The Goal (1999 film)

2026-03-03T23:45:16Z

Vernell29N: Starting First Article From Scratch...

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Goal
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[Gul Bahar Singh]]
| producer =
| writer = Deeya Roy
| screenplay = Partha Banerjee Subir Mukherjee
| story = Prafulla Roy
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Irrfan Khan]]
| narrator =
| music = Chandan Roy Chaudhury
| cinematography = Aryan Kanakia
| editing = Ujjal Nandy
| studio = [[Children's Film Society, India]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|1999|12|30|df=yes}}
| runtime = 1 hour 30 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''The Goal''''' is a [[Hindi]] drama film based on the short story written by Bengali writer Prafulla Roy, released In 1999 produced by [[Children's Film Society, India]] and directed by [[Gul Bahar Singh]] starring [[Irrfan Khan]] as a coach. The film has won several national and international awards.<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bengali-film-on-football-after-3-decades/703952/|title=Bengali film on football after 3 decades|publisher=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Childrenrsquos-film-festival-begins-in-Kottayam/article16481601.ece|title=Children's film festival begins in Kottayam|work=The Hindu|date=23 November 2009 }}</ref> The movie was shot in many parts of [[Batanagar]] thereby the craze of people during this movie's shooting time was unmatchable, as many of people there love playing Football more than anything. This was his first movie that being shot in [[West Bengal]] with many other Bengali actors in lead.

==Plot==
[[File:The Goal Film.jpg|right|250px]]
The film is about a child Manu (Tapas Dhali) who belongs to a poor family and loves to play football but no one accepts him to play in their team because of his family background however Anupam is a football coach ([[Irrfan Khan]]) finds Manu talented and decides to coach him. After spending some time coaching Manu, coach Anupam thinks that Manu is eligible and decides to play him in a semifinal match for his club but other players and their parents declined to play with Manu because his father is a thief and he belongs to a lower caste. Anupam finds himself helpless and doesn't want such a talent to die so he puts Manu in the rival team to play against his own club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/may/30goal.htm|title=Children's films in India either fall into the rut of thinly disguised pedagogy or absurd, amateurish nonsense.|publisher=Rediff}}</ref>

==Cast==
*Abhinav Ben
*Punya Darshan Gupta
*[[Irrfan Khan]]
*Girish Mathur
*[[Manoj Mitra]]
*Anandita Saha
*Sanjay Sharma
*Manjula Singh
*Abhishek Singha

==Awards==
*2000, [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Best Children's Film]] at [[47th National Film Awards]], India.<ref name="47thawardPDF" />
*2001, Special International Jury Prize at [[Cairo Film Festival|11th Cairo International Film Festival]] Egypt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2001/rmar2001/r24032001.html|title=The Indian Entry "The Goal" directed by Gul Bahar Singh and produced by Children's Film Society of India has won Special International Jury's Prize in the 11th Cairo International Film Festival for Children.|publisher=pib.nic.in}}</ref>
*2001, Special Mention at [[Zlin international film festival|Zlin International Federation of Film Societies]].
*2001, Selected in [[Indian Panorama]].
*Participated in [[The Golden Elephant|International Children film festival]], Hyderabad

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|tt0287463}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goal (1999 film), The}}
[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:1999 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1999 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian children's films]]
[[Category:1999 children's films]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Jaidev (film)

2026-03-03T22:04:20Z

Vernell29N: creating new stub w/ infobox

{{short description|1998 Kannada film directed by H. Vasu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date = December 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaidev
| image =
| caption =
| director = H. Vasu
| producer = Sa Ra Govindu
| writer = M. D. Hasham H. Vasu
| starring = [[Jaggesh]] [[Charulatha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chitraloka.com/profiles/1137-charulatha-profile.html|last=Chitraloka|title=Charulatha actress }}</ref> [[Doddanna]]
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| cinematography= J. G. Krishna<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviebuff.com/jg-krishna|title=J. G. Krishna film list}}</ref>
| editing = Shyam Yadav<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/shyam-yadav|title=Shyam Yadav}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|1998}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Jaidev''''' is a 1998 Indian [[Kannada language]] [[action drama film]] directed by H. Vasu who also wrote the screenplay for a story by M. D. Hasham. It film has musical score by Rajesh Ramanath. The film stars [[Jaggesh]] in the title role alongside an ensemble cast which includes [[Charulatha]], Srinath, [[Doddanna]], Ashok, Sumithra and Gurudatt. The film was produced by Sa Ra Govindu in the banner of Thanu Chithra.
<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaidev|url=https://chiloka.com/movie/jaidev-1998}}</ref>

The film narrates the story of two brothers, Dhanpal and Jaipal, who have supreme authority over their dead brother-in-law's wealth. However, when a stage comes that they are unable to keep their authority due to their brother-in-law's will which states that his son will be the next heir, they hire Jaidev, a young good doer to play that role. He is hoodwinked into believing that they are doing it for their sister. What happens later forms the crux of the story.

== Cast ==
* [[Jaggesh]] ... Jaidev"Devu"
* [[Charulatha]] ... Pavithra"Pavi"
* [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] ... Lawyer Shiva
* [[Doddanna]] ... Dhanpal
* Sumithra ... Jaidev's mother
* Gurudatt ... Jaipal
* Ashok
* Krishne Gowda
* Harish Roy
* [[Pramila Joshai]]
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jaidev
| type = Soundtrack
| released = 1997 (initial release of tracks) 31 August 2014 (official release of soundtrack album)
| recorded = 1997
| length = 25
| genre = [[Filmi]]
| studio = Maruthi Studio
| artist = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| prev_title = '''[[Ranganna]]'''
| prev_year = 1997
| next_title = '''Amar Akbar Anthony'''
| next_year = 1998
}}
The soundtrack album comprises 6 songs composed by [[Rajesh Ramanath]].
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jaidev film info|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2013/07/18/jaidev-1998|access-date=24 December 2019|date=18 July 2013}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singers
| total_length = 25
| title1 = Mutthinantha
| extra1 = L. N. Shastry
| length1 = 5:08
| title2 = Minchu Minchu
| extra2 = Rajesh Krishnan K. S. Surekha
| length2 = 4:43
| title3 = Amma Amma
| extra3 = Sujatha Dutt
| length3 = 1:07
| title4 = Hello Hello
| extra4 = Rajesh Krishnan Sowmya
| length4 = 4:32
| title5 = Amma Amma
| extra5 = L. N. Shastry
| length5 = 5:03
| title6 = Boobi Boobi
| extra6 = Rajesh Krishnan K. S. Surekha
| length6 = 4:50
}}

== Others ==
The film was cleared with a ''U Certificate'' from the [[Censor Board]] after deletion of a few dialogues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://movies.syzygy.in/censor/jaidev-celluloid-0|title=Jaidev Censor Report|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date=24 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224100420/https://movies.syzygy.in/censor/jaidev-celluloid-0|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Sri Ganesh Video'' purchased the video rights of the film.
<ref>{{cite web|title=SGV Kannada film list|date=6 April 2013 |url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/sri-ganesh-video4/}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://gaana.com/album/jaidev/''Jaidev''] at [[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]
* [https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jaidev/S9FS,,ozaoc_/''Jaidev''] at [[JioSaavn|Saavn]]
* [https://music.apple.com/au/album/jaidev-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1364351444/''Jaidev''] at [[iTunes]]

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]

Nippulanti Manishi (1974 film)

2026-03-03T20:25:08Z

Vernell29N: put up new details...

{{for|the 1986 film|Nippulanti Manishi (1986 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nippulanti Manishi
| image = Nippulanti Manishi 1974 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = S. D. Lal
| writer = [[Gollapudi Maruti Rao|Gollapudi]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]''|[[Salim–Javed]]}}
| producer = [[Y. V. Rao (producer and journalist)|Y. V. Rao]]
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Latha (actress)|Latha]]
| cinematography = S. S. Lal
| editing = K. Balu
| music = [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
| studio = Ravi Chitra Films
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|1974|10|25|df=y}}
| runtime = 161 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Nippulanti Manishi''''' ({{translation|Fire-like Man}}) is a 1974 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] directed by S. D. Lal and produced by [[Y. V. Rao (producer and journalist)|Y. V. Rao]]. It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Latha (actress)|Latha]], with music composed by [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]. A remake of the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973),<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2020 |title=సీనియర్ ఎన్టీఆర్ రీమేక్ చేసిన అమితాబ్ బచ్చన్ సూపర్ హిట్ సినిమాలు ఇవే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/sr-ntr-remake-amitabh-bachchan-many-hindi-super-hit-films-in-telugu-here-are-the-details-ta-512320.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115210112/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/sr-ntr-remake-amitabh-bachchan-many-hindi-super-hit-films-in-telugu-here-are-the-details-ta-512320.html |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=[[News18]] |language=Telugu}}</ref> it became a silver jubilee hit<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2013 |title=Will Ram Charan Teja break the 'south Indian hero' jinx with Zanjeer? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/will-ram-charan-teja-break-the-south-indian-hero-jinx-with-zanjeer-675151.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114122738/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/will-ram-charan-teja-break-the-south-indian-hero-jinx-with-zanjeer-675151.html |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> and played a role in revitalizing Rama Rao's career. Following its success, Rama Rao acted in additional remakes of popular [[Amitabh Bachchan]] films, including ''[[Neram Nadi Kadu Akalidi]]'' (1976), which was also produced by Y. V. Rao.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Vinayaka Rao |date=8 July 2009 |title=నిర్మాతగా రాణించిన ఫిలిం జర్నలిస్టు వై. వి. రావు |trans-title=Y. V. Rao, a film journalist who excelled as a producer |url=http://telugucinemacharitra.com/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4-%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF/ |access-date=30 November 2024 |website=Navya |publisher=[[Andhra Jyothy]] |page=30 |via=Telugu Cinema Charitra |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310182003/http://telugucinemacharitra.com/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4-%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88-%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins with Pratap acquitting from jail for marketing duplicate drugs. Thereupon, an Inspector sues him to reform, which he deaf ears. Later, Pratap repents, discerning that his daughter also became a victim. So, he decides to quit the profession. Being conscious of it, his chieftain, Jagadish Chandra Prasad, slaughters him & his wife. Witnessing it, their son Vijay avenges and the single lead that arouses him is homicide's horse chain to the wrist. Years roll by, and Vijay turns into a sincere & valiant cop, intimidating criminals. Presently, he encounters a notorious criminal, Sher Khan, who is generous & warm. Before long, a brawl erupts between them, and Sher Khan is defeated. Whereat, he turns his way of life, and they become besties. Parallelly, a stranger, David, consistently informs Vijay regarding the rackets of Jagadish Chandra Prasad.

Ergo, Vijay hinders him, and when to thwart him, he bids to bribe him but fails. In a chase, a lorry perpetrates an accident, leaving several children dead, which is spotted by a street performer, Lakshmi, who identifies the culprit. So, she is stroked by blackguards when Vijay shelters her, and the two crush. Eventually, Jagadish Chandra Prasad falsely incriminates Vijay and sentences him. Soon after the release, Vijay is vengeful against him when Lakshmi deters it. Meanwhile, Vijay meets David, who affirms his root cause is the son's death because of the hooch made by this gang. Right now, he conglomerated all the evidence against them—depressed, Vijay steps back, torn between his desire and promise, when Lakshmi upholds her vow. At last, Vijay, mingling with Sher Khan, ceases. Jagadish Chandra Prasad recognizes him as the butcher of his parents. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note, with Vijay regaining his honor & position.

== Cast ==
Source<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nippulanti Manishi (1974) |url=https://indiancine.ma/QKJ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Inspector Vijay
*[[Latha (actress)|Latha]] as Lakshmi
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Sher Khan
*[[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]] as Jagadish Chandra Prasad
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as David
*[[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] as Head Constable Tirupati & Rocket (dual role)
*[[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] as Narendra Varma
*[[Devika]] as Janaki
*[[Kanta Rao]] as Police Inspector
*Dr. Sivaramakrishnayya as Seth the Pawnbroker
*[[Valluri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]] as Gangulu
*[[K. Balaji|Balaji]] as Raghu, Vijay's elder brother
*Tyagaraju as Pratap
*[[Pemmasani Ramakrishna]] as Kabir
*[[Bhimaraju (actor)|Bhimaraju]] as Nagulu
*[[Anand Mohan (actor)|Anand Mohan]] as Malligadu
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Anti-Corruption Bureau Official
*[[Vijayasree]] as Rani
*K. K. Sarma as Subbaiah

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nippulanti Manishi (1974)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/ |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nippulanti Manishi (1974) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/telugu/moviedetail.asp?mid=A0002146 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131233918/http://www.raaga.com/channels/telugu/moviedetail.asp?mid=A0002146 |archive-date=31 January 2013 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The songs "Snehame Naa Jeevitam" and "Welcome Swagatam" are based on "Yari Hai Imaan Mera" and "Dil Jaloon Ka" from ''Zanjeer''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=nippulAnTi manishi ( 1974 ) |url=http://www.ghantasala.info/tfs/cdata5532.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108120534/http://www.ghantasala.info/tfs/cdata5532.html |archive-date=8 November 2012 |access-date=7 June 2010 |website=Ghantasala.info}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S.No!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Kattiki Sana"
|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|4:20
|-
|2
|"Welcome Swagatam"
|Aarudra
|[[L. R. Eswari]]
|3:52
|-
|3
|"Orabbi Orabbi"
|Aarudra
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], P. Susheela
|3:29
|-
|4
|"Yedo Anukunnanu"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|P. Susheela
|3:34
|-
|5
|"Snehame Naa Jeevitam"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|6:13
|}
== Reception ==
<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1974/Oct/25-oct-1974.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155630/http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1974/Oct/25-oct-1974.pdf | archive-date=2016-09-13}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0371010}}
{{Salim–Javed}}

[[Category:1974 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]
[[Category:1974 action films]]
[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films scored by Satyam (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. D. Lal]]

Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police

2026-03-03T18:22:13Z

Vernell29N: improved article

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police
| image = Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| writer = Kaasi Viswanath Diwakar Babu {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Relangi Narasimha Rao Kaasi Viswanath
| screenplay = Relangi Narasimha Rao
| producer = S. Venkateswara Rao G. Chandandas
| director = [[Relangi Narasimha Rao]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] Divyavani Poojitha [[Anusha (actress)|Anusha]]
| music = [[J. V. Raghavulu]]
| cinematography = Sarath
| editing = D. Raja Gopal
| studio = Suchitra Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1991|5|10}}
| runtime = 143 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

''''' Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police''''' ({{translation|Charming Police of Two wives}}) is a 1991 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Relangi Narasimha Rao]]. The film stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], Divyavani, Poojitha and [[Anusha (actress)|Anusha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police |url=https://indiancine.ma/AFUE/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240215093203/https://indiancine.ma/AFUE/info |archive-date=2024-02-15 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> It is the debut of actress Anusha in the film industry, and was a box office hit. The film was later remade in [[Kannada]] as ''Ibbaru Hendira Muddina Police'' and in Tamil as ''[[Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran]]'', both versions were directed by Relangi himself.{{Cn|date=February 2024}}

==Plot==
The film begins with unfeigned Constable Kishtaiah, who has two spouse queens, Rukmini / Rukku & Satyabhama / Satya. He is vexed by the two and moves with humdrum as their detest & scorn. Indeed, Kishtaiah knits Rukku, who counts him as a sub-inspector but affirms that she walks out to her nucleus. Then, Satya arrives in his neighborhood with her ruffian sibling Patadasu. She crushes on Kishtaiah and entices him, even if he is in wedlock. One day, accidentally, they consummate when Patadasu blowouts ever since he fears Kishtaiah. Afterward, Satya proactively coaxes Rukku, and she conjugates them. Besides, Anand Kishtaiah’s doppelganger resides in a village with his maternal uncle Madhvaiah, whom his wife pesters with silly vows. Anand falls for his cross-cousin Lalitha, but Madhavaiah denies it since he is lazy & laid off. Lalitha also declares that she will not be his bride until her father’s consent. Hence, Anand quits and is weary in the quest for a job.

Meanwhile, Kishtaiah is frequently transferred for his guiltlessness and walks to higher officials, who deem him futile. Ergo, Kishtaiah inflames, abandons the post, discards his uniform, ID Card & transfer order, and turns into a pickpocketer. Fortuitously, Anand gains Kishtaiah’s belongings when he forges his appointment to attain his nuptial. He joins as a tenant in Gedhela Kanthamma’s house, and she is fanatical in controlling her callow husband, Gopalam. Now starts a comic tale, which throws Anand into a dichotomy by Kishtaiah’s two empress firm landing. He pulls off the crisis and faces the pickle by avoiding them. At a public chase, Kishtaiah approaches Lalitha and discerns the presence of his identical.

Being surrounded by countless hurdles, Kishtaiah resumes his official work. He is startled to view Anand and rebukes. However, Kishtaiah comprehends his plight and oaths to aid him until his splice. Following this, they sham a confusing drama, and Madhavaiah progresses bridal coordination. Rukku & Satya misconstrue their husband conveying the third spouse. Thus, the two unite, notifying Patadasu and Gedhela Kanthamma couple also support them. Destiny makes Madhavaiah & Gopalam mates via whom he gets Anand wrong and immediately fixes Lalitha’s alliance. Plus, Lalitha resents Anand spotting him with Kishtaiah’s two and takes off by announcing her union. Accordingly, Kishtaiah & Anand rush to the venue where Kishtaiah hits earlier and tactically calls off the wedding. Later, he swaps Anand & sets out when Rukku & Satya appear and intricatus. Amidst, Anand ties the knot to Lalitha. At last, Kishtaiah ensures he is only their husband for his wives. Finally, the movie ends happily.

==Cast==
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Constable Kishtaiah & Anand (dual role)
*Divyavani as Rukmini / Rukku
*Poojitha as Satyabhama / Satya
*[[Anusha (actress)|Anusha]] as Lalitha
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Gopal Rao/ Gedhela Kanthamma's husband
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Madhavaiah
*Krishna Chaitanya as Paatadasu
*[[Potti Prasad]] as Head constable Chokkalingam
*Chidatala Appa Rao as Drunker
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Madhavaiah's wife
*[[Y. Vijaya]] as Gedhela Kanthamma

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police
| type = film
| artist = [[J. V. Raghavulu]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1991
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 23:37
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = [[J. V. Raghavulu]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[J. V. Raghavulu]]. Music released on [[Lahari Music]] Company.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2014 |title=Idduru Pellam Muddula Police (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/idduru-pellam-muddula-police-original-motion-picture/1180251235 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240215092354/https://music.apple.com/in/album/idduru-pellam-muddula-police-original-motion-picture/1180251235 |archive-date=15 February 2024 |access-date=15 February 2024 |work=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 23:37
| title1 = Gudu Gudu Gunjam
| lyrics1 = Jaladi
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| length1 = 4:46
| title2 = Gokulammidi Gopaiah
| lyrics2 = Sahithi
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length2 = 5:20
| title3 = Amma Naa Muvokaayo
| lyrics3 = Sahathi
| extra3 = [[P. Susheela]], S. P. Sailaja
| length3 = 4:52
| title4 = Challa Challaga
| lyrics4 = Jaladi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length4 = 4:21
| title5 = Sivudo Sivudo
| lyrics5 = D. Narayana Varma
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Ramani
| length5 = 4:18
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb title|tt0268381}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes|iddaru_pellala_muddula_police}}

{{Relangi Narasimha Rao}}

[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by J. V. Raghavulu]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1991 comedy films]]

Satta (2003 film)

2026-03-03T11:48:38Z

Vernell29N: Starting Some Data Nd Citations...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{infobox film
| name = Satta
| image = Satta (2003) film poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]
| producer = Metalight Productions Pvt Ltd.
| writer = [[Madhur Bhandarkar]] [[Manoj Tyagi]]
| starring = [[Raveena Tandon]] [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] [[Atul Kulkarni]] [[Vipin Sharma]]
| music = [[Raju Singh]]
| editing = Deepak Wirkud
| cinematography = Madhu Rao
| studio = Metalight Productions Pvt Ltd
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2003|02|07|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Satta''''' ({{translation|''Power''}}) is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language [[political drama]] film co-written and directed by [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]. It stars [[Raveena Tandon]] in the lead role, with [[Atul Kulkarni]], [[Govind Namdev]], and [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.in/movies/2003/feb/03sam.htm|title=There were no Mera juice kidhar hai tantrums for Satta|last=Rao|first=Kshama|date=2003-02-03|work=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=4 May 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130702102855/http://www.rediff.in/movies/2003/feb/03sam.htm|archivedate=2 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film narrates the story of a persecuted wife of a greedy politician who takes on his role after he lands up in jail because of murder charges.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/9044-top-10-political-movies-of-bollywood-p4.html|title=Top 10 Political Movies of Bollywood|last=Saikia|first=Priyankee|publisher=MensXP.com|accessdate=4 May 2016}}</ref> ''Satta'' received critical acclaim upon release and is considered one of the best performances of Raveena Tandon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-beauties-as-politicians-on-screen-20906.html|title=Bollywood beauties who've played politicians on screen|publisher=[[India TV]]|date=5 March 2015|accessdate=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r623sWyGm0sC&q=satta+2003&pg=PA24|title=Bless You Bollywood!: A Tribute to Hindi Cinema on Completing 100 Years|last=Rishi|first=Tilak|publisher=Trafford Publishing|year=2012|isbn= 9781466939639}}</ref> The film was released on the same day as ''[[Khushi (2003 Hindi film)|Khushi]]'' and ''[[Baaz: A Bird in Danger|Baaz]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/03rave.htm|title='Experiments can fail. But what the heck, I'm trying'|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|authorlink=Subhash K. Jha|work=Rediff.com|date=3 February 2003|accessdate=4 May 2016}}</ref>

==Plot==
Anuradha Sehgal re-locates to Mumbai, finds employment, meets and weds [[Mumbai]]'s aspiring Chief Minister, Vivek Chauhan. She soon finds out that Vivek is a womanizer and an alcoholic. She then faces physical abuse. Vivek is arrested for murder and is jailed. The Chauhan family persuades her to stand for elections in her husband's place, which she does. She then witnesses the nexus between the underworld, businessmen, corrupt policemen, and politicians.

==Cast==
*[[Raveena Tandon]] as Anuradha Sehgal
*[[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Vivek Chauhan
*[[Atul Kulkarni]] as Yashwant Varde
*[[Govind Namdev]] as Liyaqat Ali Baig
*[[Anju Mahendru]] as Mrs. Sehgal
*[[Suchitra Pillai]] as Neelu
*[[Shrivallabh Vyas]] as Mahendra Chauhan
*[[Amardeep Jha]] as Mrs Chauhan
*[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Uddhav Pawar
*Sunil Chauhan as Police Inspector
* [[Hemendra Bhatia]] as Anna Saheb Joshi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hemendra_bhatia|title=Hemendra Bhatia Movies List | Rotten Tomatoes | Rotten Tomatoes|website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref>

==Songs==
All songs were composed by [[Raju Singh]], while the lyrics were penned by [[Javed Akhtar]].

* "Gungunati Hai" - [[Sonu Nigam]]
* "Gungunati Hai" - [[Asha Bhosle]]
* "More Saiyan" - Asha Bhosle
* "Masti Masti" - [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
* "Jeevan Path" - [[Shubha Mudgal]]
* "Jab Dil Mile" - [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Madhushree]]

== Reception ==
''Satta'' opened to generally positive reviews. Deepa Gumaste of [[Rediff.com]] wrote: "Raveena Tandon has obviously landed the role of a lifetime and she makes the most of it. She portrays the firebrand Anuradha with the kind of passion you wouldn't have expected from the heroine who once danced to the tune of Tu cheez badi hai mast."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/07satta.htm|title=A woman never before seen in Bollywood|last=Gumaste|first=Deepa|work=Rediff.com|date=7 February 2003|accessdate=4 May 2016}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] in his review wrote: "Raveena Tandon delivers a bravura performance. The actress takes giant strides as a performer, giving the right touches to her character. Here's a performance that's bound to be noticed."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/508453|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102143417/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/508453|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 November 2013|title=Satta|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=8 February 2003|accessdate=4 May 2016}}</ref> [[Komal Nahta]] in a less favourable review wrote: "On the whole, Satta is a non-starter. Pretending to be an intellectual film, it would not even appeal to the intelligentsia because it offers nothing new."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/satta-review-continued-review-bollywood-pcluziiaicced.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326002235/http://www.sify.com/movies/satta-review-continued-review-bollywood-pcluziiaicced.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 March 2018|title=Satta - Review Continued|last=Nahta|first=Komal|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=4 May 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt0341562}}

{{Madhur Bhandarkar}}

[[Category:2003 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2000s political drama films]]
[[Category:2003 drama films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Madhur Bhandarkar]]
[[Category:Indian political drama films]]

Adrishya Jalakangal

2026-03-03T09:45:08Z

Vernell29N: made details...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Adrishya Jalakangal poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Dr. Biju]]
| writer = Dr. Biju
| producer = Naveen Yerneni Yalamanchili Ravi Shankar Tovino Thomas Radhika Lavu
| starring = [[Tovino Thomas]] [[Nimisha Sajayan]] [[Indrans]]
| cinematography = Yedhu Radhakrishnan
| editing = Davis Manuel
| music = [[Ricky Kej]]
| studio = [[Mythri Movie Makers]] Tovino Thomas Productions Ellanar Films
| distributor = Rd Illuminations LLP
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|11|24}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}'''''Adrishya Jalakangal''''' ({{Translation|Invisible Windows}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[List of anti-war films|anti war]] film written and directed by [[Dr. Biju]] featuring [[Tovino Thomas]], [[Nimisha Sajayan]] and [[Indrans]] in prominent roles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2022-12-27 |title=Tovino Thomas Wraps Bijukumar Damodaran's Anti-War Indian Film 'Invisible Windows' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/global/tovino-thomas-bijukumar-damodaran-adrishya-jalakangal-1235473048/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Variety |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118162037/https://variety.com/2022/film/global/tovino-thomas-bijukumar-damodaran-adrishya-jalakangal-1235473048/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is produced by Radhika Lau's Ellanar Films, Naveen Yerneni, Y Ravi Shankar's [[Mythri Movie Makers]] and Tovino Thomas' Tovino Thomas Productions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tovino Thomas and Nimisha Sajayan commence filming of Adrishya Jalakangal |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/aug/18/tovino-thomas-and-nimisha-sajayan-commence-filming-of-adrishya-jalakangal-43305.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.indulgexpress.com |date=18 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118075010/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/aug/18/tovino-thomas-and-nimisha-sajayan-commence-filming-of-adrishya-jalakangal-43305.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's music is composed by [[Ricky Kej]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Two time Grammy-award winner Ricky Kej roped in for this Malayalam film! |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/2022/06/21/grammy-award-winner-ricky-kej-malayalam-film.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.onmanorama.com |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118073749/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/2022/06/21/grammy-award-winner-ricky-kej-malayalam-film.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Davis Manuel is the editor and the cinematography is handled by Yedhu Radhakrishnan.

The film premiered at the 27th Tallinn Black Nights International Film Festival (TBNIFF) in Estonia in November 2023, becoming the first Malayalam film in the official selection and the only Indian film this year to be selected.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ചരിത്രം കുറിച്ച് 'അദൃശ്യജാലകങ്ങൾ'; പ്രിമിയറിൽ തിളങ്ങി ടൊവിനോയും ഭാര്യ ലിഡിയയും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/11/17/adrishya-jalakangal-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan-dr-biju-film-premier-at-tallinn-black-nights-film-festiva.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |language=ml |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118071534/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/11/17/adrishya-jalakangal-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan-dr-biju-film-premier-at-tallinn-black-nights-film-festiva.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-14 |title=Tovino Thomas-starrer Adrishya Jalakangal To Be Screened At This International Film Festival |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tovino-thomas-starrer-adrishya-jalakangal-to-be-screened-at-this-international-film-festival-8617690.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118162039/https://www.news18.com/movies/tovino-thomas-starrer-adrishya-jalakangal-to-be-screened-at-this-international-film-festival-8617690.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was theatrically released on 24 November 2023 and was a flop at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Adrishya Jalakangal |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/adrishya-jalakangal/movieshow/91940283.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112005833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/adrishya-jalakangal/movieshow/91940283.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tovino Thomas' Adrishya Jalakangal trailer is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/nov/09/tovino-thomas-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-is-here-49391.html |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=CinemaExpress |date=9 November 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112005833/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/nov/09/tovino-thomas-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-is-here-49391.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2023-11-07 |title=Tovino Thomas's Adrishya Jalakangal trailer suggests a surreal film |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/tovino-thomass-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-suggests-a-surreal-film |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112005833/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/tovino-thomass-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-suggests-a-surreal-film |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-08 |title=Tovino Thomas' 'Adrishya Jalakangal' trailer draws praise from fans and critics |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-draws-praise-from-fans-and-critics/articleshow/105071297.cms |access-date=2023-11-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112040002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-draws-praise-from-fans-and-critics/articleshow/105071297.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Tovino Thomas]]
*[[Nimisha Sajayan]]
*[[Indrans]]
*[[Bijibal]]
*[[Vettukili Prakash]]
*Balaji Sharma
*Kannan Nair
*Gibin Gopinath
*Krishnan Balakrishnan

==Production==
===Development===

The film was announced by Dr. Biju in July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam film forms ICC committee ahead of shooting - The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2022/07/14/malayalam-film-forms-icc-committee-ahead-of-shooting.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.theweek.in |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118073212/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2022/07/14/malayalam-film-forms-icc-committee-ahead-of-shooting.amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Dr. Biju, the film is a surrealist film that captures the war and the story is not focused on a particular place or language but is equally important all over the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=ടൊവിനോ തോമസ് നായകനാകുന്ന ഡോ. ബിജു ചിത്രം; 'അദൃശ്യ ജാലകങ്ങൾ' ട്രെയിലർ പുറത്തിറങ്ങി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/tovino-thomas-in-dr-biju-movie-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-released-1.9055348 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Mathrubhumi |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118073212/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/amp/movies-music/news/tovino-thomas-in-dr-biju-movie-adrishya-jalakangal-trailer-released-1.9055348 |url-status=live }}</ref> He said "I have opted for a different treatment for the film, especially the choice of music, which has more of an esoteric, universal flavour."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Films like 'Adrishya Jalakangal' offer more space to perform: Tovino Thomas |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/nov/15/films-like-adrishya-jalakangal-offer-more-space-to-perform-tovino-thomas-2632868.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=The New Indian Express |date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124142238/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/nov/15/films-like-adrishya-jalakangal-offer-more-space-to-perform-tovino-thomas-2632868.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Radhika Lavu has led the production of the film after producing two successful Telugu web series under the Ellanar Films banner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tovino Thomas and Nimisha Sajayan commence filming of 'Adrishya Jalakangal' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/regional-film-news/tovino-thomas-and-nimisha-sajayan-commence-filming-of-adrishya-jalakangal |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118075010/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/regional-film-news/tovino-thomas-and-nimisha-sajayan-commence-filming-of-adrishya-jalakangal |url-status=live }}</ref> The film also marks the maiden production of [[Mythri Movie Makers]] in Malayalam cinema. Indian American composer Ricky Kej was signed to compose the music marking his first Malayalam film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rickey Kej, Grammy award-winner, to compose music for Tovino Thomas's Adrishya Jalakangal |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/jun/21/rickey-kej-grammy-award-winner-to-compose-music-for-tovino-thomas39s-adrishya-jalakangal-32239.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=CinemaExpress |date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100205/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/jun/21/rickey-kej-grammy-award-winner-to-compose-music-for-tovino-thomas39s-adrishya-jalakangal-32239.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Casting===

Tovino Thomas and Nimisha Sajayan are reuniting after the 2018 release of ''Oru Kuprasidha Payyan.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=First look of 'Adrishya Jalakangal' starring Tovino Thomas, Nimisha Sajayan out now |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/regional-film-news/first-look-of-adrishya-jalakangal-starring-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan-out-now |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118075005/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/regional-film-news/first-look-of-adrishya-jalakangal-starring-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan-out-now |url-status=live }}</ref> Tovino Thomas is playing a role with no name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-28 |title=Tovino Thomas shares first look of Adrishya Jalakangal: 'My favourite character…rooted in surrealism that represents zillions around us' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tovino-thomas-shares-first-look-of-adrishya-jalakangal-photos-8347826/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118162038/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tovino-thomas-shares-first-look-of-adrishya-jalakangal-photos-8347826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> To prepare for his role, he reduced his body weight by 15 kg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ടൊവിനൊ തോമസ് കുറച്ചത് 15 കിലോ, ആളെ മനസിലാകുന്നേയില്ലെന്ന് ആരാധകര്‍ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/award-winning-director-dr-biju-about-adrishya-jalakangal-actor-tovino-thomas-rou365 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.asianetnews.com |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118070944/https://www.asianetnews.com/amp/entertainment-news/award-winning-director-dr-biju-about-adrishya-jalakangal-actor-tovino-thomas-rou365 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Tovino Thomas shares first look of Adrishya Jalakangal, calls it an 'intriguing story' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/tovino-thomas-shares-first-look-of-his-next-titled-adrishya-jalakangal-7945801/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100204/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/tovino-thomas-shares-first-look-of-his-next-titled-adrishya-jalakangal-7945801/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Filming===

Filming commenced in August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tovino-Nimisha's Dr Biju feature begins filming - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/Aug/20/tovino-nimishas-dr-biju-feature-begins-filming-2489257.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.newindianexpress.com |date=7 August 2022 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118075005/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/aug/20/tovino-nimishas-dr-biju-feature-begins-filming-2489257.amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Touted to be the biggest film helmed by Dr. Biju, which was expected to have a lengthy schedule, shooting began in August 2022 in Kasaragod. Kannur is the next main location where the makers have erected sets, which took them two months to complete.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tovino Thomas begins shooting for Dr Biju's Adrishya Jalakangal in Kasaragod |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/tovino-thomas-begins-shooting-for-dr-bijus-adrishya-jalakangal-in-kasaragod/31826904ba52 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.ottplay.com |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118080455/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/tovino-thomas-begins-shooting-for-dr-bijus-adrishya-jalakangal-in-kasaragod/31826904ba52 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tovino joined the set after wrapping up his portions for [[2018 (film)|''2018'']] and [[Neelavelicham (film)|''Neelavelicham'']].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tovino Thomas begins shooting for Dr Biju's Adrishya Jalakangal in Kasaragod |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/tovino-thomas-begins-shooting-for-dr-bijus-adrishya-jalakangal-in-kasaragod/31826904ba52 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.ottplay.com |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118080455/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/tovino-thomas-begins-shooting-for-dr-bijus-adrishya-jalakangal-in-kasaragod/31826904ba52 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Release==
===Theatrical===
Following the film's premiere at the Tallinn Black Nights International Film Festival (TBNIFF), it was theatrically released on 24 November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Tovino Thomas starrer Adrishya Jalakangal creates history as it becomes first Malayalam film screened at TBNFF |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/tovino-thomas-starrer-adrishya-jalakangal-creates-history-as-it-becomes-first-malayalam-film-screened-at-tbnff-1259880 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=22 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122084820/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/tovino-thomas-starrer-adrishya-jalakangal-creates-history-as-it-becomes-first-malayalam-film-screened-at-tbnff-1259880 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Home media===
[[Netflix]] has acquired its digital streaming rights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tovino Thomas Starring Adrishya Jalakangal Movie Trailer Released {{!}} Adrishya Jalakangal Movie : വേറിട്ട ലുക്കിൽ ടൊവീനോ തോമസ്; അദൃശ്യ ജാലകങ്ങൾ ട്രെയിലർ {{!}} Movies News in Malayalam |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/tovino-thomas-starring-adrishya-jalakangal-movie-trailer-released-168900/amp |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=zeenews.india.com |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118073749/https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/tovino-thomas-starring-adrishya-jalakangal-movie-trailer-released-168900/amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Princy Alexander of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, "''Adrishya Jalakangal'' is unequivocally an art-house film. Much like its title suggests, it revolves around individuals who are invisible yet cast shadows on the real world, praising the performance of Nimisha Sajayan and Tovino Thomas."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Princy |date=24 November 2023 |title=Tovino's 'Adrishya Jalakangal' casts shadows on the world {{!}} Movie Review |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/11/24/adrishya-jalakangal-dr-biju-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan.html |website=Onmanorama |access-date=24 November 2023 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124140912/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/11/24/adrishya-jalakangal-dr-biju-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Times Now]]'' gave a rating of 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "A concoction of so many themes may leave some viewers scratching their heads. The anti-war message, despite being much-needed, seems preachy and fails to strike a chord. Despite combining multiple elements, the story of the film flows smoothly, courtesy of Dr Biju's vision and the effortless performances of the cast."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2023 |title=Adrishya Jalakangal Movie Review: Tovino Thomas' 'Invisible Windows' Is NOT Unseeable |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/adrishya-jalakangal-movie-review-tovino-thomas-invisible-windows-is-not-unseeable-review-105408928 |website=Times Now |language=en |access-date=24 November 2023 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124140912/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/adrishya-jalakangal-movie-review-tovino-thomas-invisible-windows-is-not-unseeable-review-105408928 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 4 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Adrishya Jalakangal'' can surely be dubbed as a movie that we did not know we needed."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Anandu |date=24 November 2023 |title=Adrishya Jalakangal movie review: Tovino Thomas, Nimisha Sajayan deliver an exceptional anti-war film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/adrishya-jalakangal-movie-review-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan-deliver-an-exceptional-anti-war-film-9040547/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |access-date=25 November 2023 |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125060111/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/adrishya-jalakangal-movie-review-tovino-thomas-nimisha-sajayan-deliver-an-exceptional-anti-war-film-9040547/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Shilpa Nair Anand of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The cinematography by Yedhu Radhakrishnan reinforces the bleakness we feel, and the camera captures the loneliness of their lives; the music by Grammy-winner Ricky Kej is on point with the mood of the film. This film is political and is not an easy watch. It moves at a leisurely pace, seemingly meandering at times, but held together cohesively. Watching it is like reading a difficult book."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=25 November 2023 |title='Adrishya Jalakangal' movie review: Tovino Thomas delivers a firecracker performance in this anti-war film. |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adrishya-jalakangal-movie-review-tovino-thomas-delivers-a-firecracker-performance-in-this-anti-war-film/article67572649.ece |issn=0971-751X |access-date=26 November 2023 |archive-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126191256/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adrishya-jalakangal-movie-review-tovino-thomas-delivers-a-firecracker-performance-in-this-anti-war-film/article67572649.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Dr. Biju}}
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dr. Biju]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kannur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kasaragod]]

Ordnance Factory Muradnagar

2026-02-27T08:47:17Z

Vernell29N: reworked references also and added references to improve readability

{{Short description|Indian defence company}}
{{onesource|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Ordnance Factory Muradnagar (OFM)
| logo = [[File:Ordnance Factory, Muradnagar logo.jpg|150px]]
| type = Government
| genre =
| foundation = [[Muradnagar]], [[India]] (1943)
| founder =
| location_city =
| location_country =
| location =
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people =
| industry =
| products = Forgings and castings for munitions
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = [[Yantra India Limited]]
| num_employees = ~2000
| parent = [[Yantra India Limited]] (current) [[Ordnance Factories Board]] (former)
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.ofm.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ordnance Factory Muradnagar (आयुध निर्माणी मुरादनगर )''' operated [[Yantra India Limited]] was a unit of the [[Ordnance Factory Board]] and is a premium steel casting unit of OFB. It specializes in alloy and steel castings - armoured as well as non-armoured, ammunition hardware, grey iron castings for ammunition hardware and moulds and open die steel forgings for Hot die steel and other tool steel. It supplies castings for aerial bombs, track assembly for T-90 tanks, 81mm bomb bodies and general castings required for tanks, 155mm field guns etc. to sister factories.

==Certification==
'''QMS IS-ISO 9001-2015'''

'''EOHS IS-ISO 14001-2004'''

'''OHASAS IS-18001-2007'''

'''NABL ISO-IEC 17025-2005'''

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Ordnance Factory Muradnagar is a Census Town city in district of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The Ordnance Factory Muradnagar Census Town has population of 7,569 of which 4,029 are males while 3,540 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

The population of children aged 0-6 is 836 which is 11.05% of total population of Ordnance Factory Muradnagar (CT). In Ordnance Factory Muradnagar Census Town, the female sex ratio is 879 against state average of 912. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Ordnance Factory Muradnagar is around 779 compared to Uttar Pradesh state average of 902. The literacy rate of Ordnance Factory Muradnagar city is 89.69% higher than the state average of 67.68%. In Ordnance Factory Muradnagar, male literacy is around 94.75% while the female literacy rate is 84.03%.

Ordnance Factory Muradnagar Census Town has total administration over 1,564 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Census Town limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

== O.F. Estate, Muradnagar==
OFM is located in Muradnagar town, Ghaziabad district on Delhi – Meerut NH-58 and is 40 km from New Delhi Railway Station, Muradnagar Railway station is 100 meters from the Main Gate of the factory. The nearest Civil airport, [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], Delhi is about 60 km from the factory.
This is the residential area for the families of Ordnance Factory employees. The Ordnance Factory Estate is lush green, clean and has a pollution-free environment. The estate has modern amenities, 24-hour electricity & water supply, and emergency medical services at the Ordnance Factory Hospital. There are 7 schools in the estate including one [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] to provide education to the wards of the employees.

The cricketer [[Suresh Raina]], who is currently in the squad of the [[Indian Cricket Team]] was born and brought up on the Ordnance Factory estate, where his family stays.

A water pipeline runs through this town and goes on to Delhi and [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]] areas.

== History==

Ordnance Factory Muradnagar (OFM) is one of the metallurgical factories in the family of Ordnance Factories (M&C Group). It came into existence on 01.03.1943 as a transplantation project during the second world war. Since then, the factory has been stagnant for years after years and not adopting itself quickly to the changing needs of the services. Factory still produces Aerial Bombs that are technologically 70 years old and require a plane fly directly above the target to drop accurately.

== Near By Place ==
Famous Lower Ganga Canal having 634 km length running from Har-ki-Pouri in Hardwar to Kanpur flows on the eastern side of the estate and the factory. By the side of the Ganga Canal, about 3 km from the Factory Estate, there is a "Mussoori fall" which is a local Picnic Spot. An Atta Chakki run by water, dating back to British period is a place of attraction for visitors. With vast expanse of greenery, abundant blooming of roses and free movement of peacocks, Muradnagar offers a landscape of serene beauty and unpolluted environment without any hustle of so-called Modern industrial city life.

== OFM Products==

OFM is a premium Steel casting unit of OFB [[Ordnance Factory Board]]. It specializes in alloy and steel castings - armoured as well as non-armoured, ammunition hardware, grey iron castings for ammunition hardware and moulds and open die steel forgings for Hot die steel and other tool steel. It supplies castings for aerial bombs, track assembly for T-90 tank, 81mm bomb bodies and general castings required for tanks, 155mm field gun etc. to sister factories.

<big>'''MAIN PRODUCTS'''</big>

'''AERIAL BOMBS'''

* 1000 lbs
* 450 kg HSLD
* 250 kg HSLD

'''TRACK LINK ASSEMBLY T90'''

'''AMMUNITION HARDWARE (STEEL)'''

* 81 mm PWP Mortar Bomb Bodies
* 81 mm HE Bomb Bodies
* 125 mm HEAT Head

'''AMMUNITION HARDWARE (GREY IRON)'''

* Hand Grenade Bodies
* FT Wire
* 25 lbs bomb bodies

'''FORGING PRODUCTS'''

* Hot Die Tool Steel and other tool steel Forgings of different grades
* H-10
* H-11
* H-13
* EN-24
* EN-8
* EN-9

'''MISCELLANEOUS CASTINGS'''

ARMOURED STEEL CASTINGS produced for MBT Arjun Tank, T-72 & T-90 Tanks. A variety of castings with minimum weight of 1.25 kg to a maximum weight of 1130 kg are produced at OFM.

NON ARMOURED STEEL CASTINGS for various guns, mortars and their mountings. These castings are produced out of alloy steels with nickel and molybdenum as important alloying elements.

'''MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS'''

Cast Iron mould for castings of brass ingots, steel ingots, other steel melting shop accessories like slag moulds, hot top castings etc.

{{Gallery
|title=Various types of Products
||TRACK FOR T-90
||1000 LBS SHELL
||250 KG SHELL
||450 KG SHELL
||81 MM SHELL
||25 LBS SHELL
||HG SHELL
||FT WIRE SHELL
|align=center
|
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Ordnance Factories Board}}

[[Category:Defence companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1943]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1943]]

Kshetrayya

2026-02-25T01:08:53Z

Vernell29N:

{{Short description|Telugu Poet (1600–1680)}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}


'''Kshetrayya''' ({{circa|1600}}–1680) was a prolific [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kamath|first=Harshita Mruthinti|title=Kṣētrayya: The making of a Telugu poet|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334305892|access-date=2021-07-04|language=en}}</ref> He lived in the area of what is now [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[South India]]. He composed a number of ''padams'' and ''keertanas'', the prevalent formats of his time. He is credited with more than 4000 compositions, although only a handful have survived. He composed his songs on his favourite Hinduism deity [[Krishna]] (Gopala) in [[Telugu language|Telugu]].

He was born to a Telugu Brahmin family in a village called [[Movva]] (or Muvva), in [[Krishna district]], Andhra Pradesh. His parents named him Varadayya. Because of his habit of traveling from one place to another singing his songs at temples, he came to be called ''Kshetragna'' or ''Kshetrayya'' (one who travels). He married a [[Devadasi]] named Mohanangi. He learned his music from guru VenkaTamakhi (author of 72-melakartha scheme).

He perfected the ''padam'' format that is still used today. His ''padams'' are sung in dance ([[Bharatanatyam]] and [[Kuchipudi]]) and music recitals. A unique feature of his padams is the practice of singing the ''[[anupallavi (music)|anupallavi]]'' first then the ''[[pallavi]]'' (second verse followed by first verse). Most of the padams are of the theme of longing for the coming of the Lord [[Krishna]].

He wrote with [[Sringara]] as a main theme in expressing ''madhurabhakti'' (devotion to the supreme). Sringara is a motif where the mundane sexual relationship between a Nayaki (woman) and a Nayaka (man) is used as a metaphor, denoting the yearning of [[Jiva|jeeva]] (usually depicted as the Nayaki) to unite with the divine (usually depicted as the man). In most of his compositions, Kshetrayya has used the ''[[mudra (music)|mudra]]'' (signature) "Muvva Gopala" as a reference to himself, which is also a name for the Lord [[Krishna]] in Kshetrayya's village Muvva in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh State, now called as [[Movva]].

Kshetrayya's work has played a major role in influencing poetry, dance, music of the South Indian tradition. Kshetrayya was intimately connected with the [[devadasi]] women of the temples of south India, who were the subject of many of his compositions. The devadasis traditionally possessed the musical/poetic interpretations of his work for a long period till the devadasi system was abolished and the compositions became more accepted in the musical community as valuable works of art. The musical community owes a lot to the legendary [[Veena Dhanammal]], [[T. Brinda]], [[T. Muktha]], [[T. Balasaraswathi]] and T. Jayammal, who popularized Kshetrayya's songs with their beautiful musical interpretation.

Kshetrayya's padams now form an integral part of the dance and musical traditions of South India, where his songs are rendered purely as musical works or as accompaniments to dance.

==Telugu film==
''[[Mahakavi Kshetrayya]]'' is a 1976 Telugu film produced by [[Anjali Pictures]] and starring [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] and [[Anjali Devi]]. The film's soundtrack was sung by [[V. Ramakrishna]] and composed by [[P. Adinarayana Rao]].

==Biographic novel==
The life of Kshetragna is depicted in the novel ''Bliss Of Life'' by M. V. Rama Sarma, professor of English and former vice chancellor, S.V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is translated into Telugu with the title ''Kshetrayya''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Prof. M. V. Rama Sarma, [http://profmvramasarma.in/the-bliss-of-life/ Kṣetrayya, the poet-musician]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} retrieved as on 26 July 2015

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Performers of Hindu music]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1680 deaths]]
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Kuchipudi]]
[[Category:Telugu-language writers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian male classical musicians]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Poets from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian male musicians]]

BEL Battle Field Surveillance Radar

2026-02-23T21:25:12Z

Vernell29N: improved article

{{Short description|Battlefield and perimeter surveillance radar}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}

{{Infobox Radar
|name = Battlefield Surveillance Radar – Short Range
|image = BFSR-SR with thermal imager.JPG
|caption = BEL BFSR-SR display at [[Aero India]]-2007. The Display unit is seen in the background. This BFSR unit has an integrated Thermal imaging camera on top of the Radar Array. The power battery is suspended from the tripod for added stability.
|country = [[India]]
|designer = [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]] ([[DRDO]])
|manufacturer = [[Bharat Electronics Limited]]
|introdate =
|number = 1400+
|frequency = [[J band (NATO)|J band]]
|PRF = 
|pulsewidth = 
|RPM = 
|range = '''Crawling Man :''' {{convert|700|m|mi|abbr=on}} '''Walking Man :''' {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} '''Group of people :''' {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} '''Light Vehicles :''' {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} '''Heavy Vehicles :''' {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spslandforces.com/story/?id=699&h=Weapon-Locating-and-Battle-Field-Surveillance-Radars|title=Weapon Locating and Battle Field Surveillance Radars}}</ref>
|altitude = 
|diameter = 
|azimuth = 30-180°
|elevation = -40 to +15°
|precision = ±{{convert|20|m|ft|sp=us}}
|power = 80 W
|other names = PJT-531
}}

The '''PJT-531 Battle Field Surveillance Radar – Short Range''' '''(BFSR-SR)''' is a [[Man portable radar|man portable]] 2D short-range battlefield and [[Perimeter Surveillance Radar|perimeter surveillance]] [[radar]] developed by the Indian [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO). The BFSR has been designed by DRDO's [[Bengaluru]]-based laboratory, the [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]] (LRDE) and is being manufactured by [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL).<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080612032601/http://www.drdo.org/labs/lrde/achieve.html LRDE Achievements on LRDE Website]}}</ref>

BFSR has found use in the Indian border areas, especially along the [[Line of Control]] (LoC) in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] to prevent infiltration. Over 1,100 units are in use by the [[Indian Army]]. Foreign countries have also placed orders for the BFSR.<ref name="HBL 04">[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/04/13/stories/2004041301810200.htm Bharat Electronics eyes 15 pc sales growth], ''[[The Hindu]] Business Line'', 12 April 2004.</ref>

Over 1,400 BFSRs are now being used by the Army against moving surface targets. A BFSR radar that offers foliage penetration is under development.<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-12-18 |title=Range of radars |url=http://flonnet.com/fl2625/stories/20091218262510200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209235814/http://flonnet.com/fl2625/stories/20091218262510200.htm |archive-date=9 February 2010 |access-date=5 December 2009 |publisher=Front Line |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Development ==
In the aftermath of the [[Kargil War]], and with the heightened levels of infiltration, the [[Indian Army]] started looking at electronic sensors to augment the surveillance capabilities. One of the technologies identified was a small, surveillance radar, and the Army projected its requirements to LRDE shortly after.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2002-07-04 |title=Scientists develop radar to check infiltration |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-07-04/india/27317702_1_infiltration-radar-development-establishment-electronics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022154048/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-07-04/india/27317702_1_infiltration-radar-development-establishment-electronics |archive-date=2012-10-22 |access-date=2025-04-02 |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> Sanction was given to DRDO to develop an indigenous radar. In the meantime, some Battle Field Surveillance radars (SR) were imported from [[Israel]] at a cost of {{Indian Rupee}}80 [[crore]], pending completion of the project.<ref>Harinder Baweja, [http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20010507/defence.shtml Defenceless Delays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830034717/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20010507/defence.shtml |date=30 August 2008 }}, ''[[India Today]]'', 7 May 2001</ref><ref name="PIB 2003">[http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=226&kwd= Enhancing the fire power of Infantry units], ''Press Information Bureau'', [[Government of India]], 17 December 2003.</ref> This accompanied a large-scale induction of high tech equipment for the [[Indian Armed Forces]].

The radar was designed and developed by [[LRDE]], a [[DRDO]] unit, and manufactured by [[Bharat Electronics Limited|BEL]]. Initiated in 2000, the development was carried out in LRDE, with the Project Director being Dr. S. Varadarajan, and with BEL collaboration.<ref name=":0" /> The project was a systematic example of concurrent engineering, with the production agency involved through the design and development stage. This enabled the design to be brought into production quickly. A salient feature of the BFSR programme was the high level of involvement of the Indian private sector, a first for defence programmes in India. Private firms supplied the rotational assembly and tripod, the Control and display unit as well as electronics assemblies after design and technology transfer by LRDE. This has continued into the substantial production run.<ref name = "Radar orders"/>

The radar was ready for trials in early 2002,<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2002/rjan2002/01012002/r010120028.html Forty four glorious years in defence research generations], ''Press Information Bureau'', [[Government of India]], 1 January 2002.</ref> and after extensive trials in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], it was accepted in July 2002, 24 months after development work commenced.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
[[File:BFSR-SR.jpg|thumb|right|BFSR-SR with the display unit]]
BFSR is a [[man portable radar|man portable]], lightweight, battery operated, surveillance radar. Weighing around 30 kg, it can be carried and operated by two or three-man teams.<ref name="BR BFSR Brochure 1">[http://media.bharat-rakshak.com/AeroIndia2007/Brochures/Scan002g.jpg.html BFSR Brochure from Aero India-2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106013623/http://media.bharat-rakshak.com/AeroIndia2007/Brochures/Scan002g.jpg.html |date=6 January 2009 }}. Image from [[Bharat Rakshak]].</ref>

The BFSR is a fully coherent [[Pulse-Doppler radar|Pulse Doppler radar]], operating with a 10% [[duty cycle]], and a 5W peak power. The low peak power provides the radar a [[low probability of intercept]] (LPI), making it difficult to detect by enemy sensors. The radar operates over 21 channels in [[J band (NATO)|J band]] (10 to 18/20 GHz). It can be operated in all weather conditions, and during day and night.

BFSR-SR components include a mounting tripod, an antenna/electronics assembly, two 24 V batteries for power, and an integrated control and display unit (CDU).<ref name="Janes">[http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jrew/jrew2277.html Battlefield Surveillance Radar - Short/Medium Range] from [[Jane's]] Defence.</ref> Targets are classified automatically using Doppler target classification, with output Doppler return being channelled to the operator through headphones for the Doppler audio.

The radar operates on two rechargeable 24 V batteries, which are carried separately by the soldiers. They can also be operated from AC supply. The batteries are usually suspended from the tripod to provide extra stability to the radar, although they can be kept separately.

=== Radar array and hardware ===
The radar array consists of J-band Transmit, receive and processing modules within the single array block. The signal processor is a single on-board [[FPGA]]-based chip, which has been tailored for very low power consumption.<ref name="DRDO 4 Aug">{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20070813122708/http://www.drdo.org/pub/nl/aug2004/7.htm DRDO Newsletter]}}, August 2004.</ref> The antenna array is made up of microstrip patch array antennas.<ref name="DRDO 5 Aug">{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130414205743/http://www.drdo.org/pub/nl/aug05/personnel.htm DRDO Newsletter]}}, August 2005.</ref> The transmitter is a solid state transmit module, while the separate receiver is a super-heterodyne type receiver.

The radar algorithm incorporates Digital [[Pulse compression]] Technology, which improves the LPI characteristics, as well as making the radar more accurate. This technology was developed in-house by LRDE, which constituted a major breakthrough for Indian radar technology.<ref name="DRDO 4 Aug" />

=== Display ===
The BFSR processing and display units, and control functions are integrated on a single, touch-sensitive, portable IBM PC, called the Control and Display Unit (CDU). Some processing elements are also built into the radar. The processed information is displayed on a high resolution 10.4" LCD colour display.

The PC operates on a Windows NT-based, menu-driven user interface, which makes operating the BFSR extremely simple.

A high-resolution, north-oriented, coloured radar picture is displayed on PC display. The radar display can either be in a [[Plan position indicator]]s (PPI) display, or a B-Scope display. The display also has provision for digital geographic map overlay, which allows the target data to be integrated with tactical data for use by ground forces and commanders. Different geographical maps can be overlaid on the radar display. A target position can be marked for further investigation, or combing of the area by ground forces.<ref name="BR BFSR Brochure 1" />

The interface between the radar and the CDU can be either RS232C or LAN connectivity. A lightweight, rugged, standard army 2-wire field cable is used for communicating between the radar and CDU. This allows the operators to be positioned up to 100 m away from the radar, in the safety of trenches, bunkers, or hides. This provides them better security and safety, and allows for greater flexibility in deploying the radar at suitable spots to meet technical and tactical requirements. The use of wired interface also provides a better security from interception and lower noise, and does not require the radar and CDU to be within Line-of-Sight of each other.<ref name="BR BFSR Brochure 1" />

=== Networking ===
The BFSR has a [[Commercial off-the-shelf|COTS]]- based built in networking and sensor fusion to increase the effectiveness of surveillance. Up to 10 radars may be networked at one time to provide greater area of coverage. All radars in a network can also be remotely controlled from a central hub.

Provision to Network various radars for wider area coverage has also been built into the BFSR.

=== Thermal imager ===
A third generation [[Thermography|thermal imager]] has also been configured for use on the BFSR and has been integrated with it (as shown in the image in the infobox). Operating in the Mid-wavelength [[Infrared]] ([[MWIR]]) spectrum (3-5 micrometre wavelengths), the imager has a single field of view (monocular sighting) This has given the BFSR day and night viewing capability. All BFSR data and images, both radar as well as thermal data are combined and displayed on the common control and display unit (CDU). Thus, the radar can integrate its display with IR sensor output, which improves the overall efficacy of the system.

The radar continues to progress further in terms of integration with more features being added. To aid in [[sensor fusion]], and increase the effectiveness of surveillance, newer variants are also being networked with the Indian Army's Hand-held Thermal Imagers (HHTIs) for visually tracking targets detected by the radar.

=== Operation ===
The BFSR has been designed for fast deployment, with a setup time of less than 5 minutes.<ref name="BR BFSR Brochure 1" /> The radar has an inbuilt GPS for self location and alignment with the digital map. It also has a built-in digital magnetic compass which can automatically align the radar to the North.<ref name="BR Brochure 2">[http://media.bharat-rakshak.com/AeroIndia2007/Brochures/P1020406.JPG.html BFSR Information board] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921150331/http://media.bharat-rakshak.com/AeroIndia2007/Brochures/P1020406.JPG.html |date=21 September 2008 }} from [[Bharat Rakshak]].com.</ref> This ensures that the precise location of targets is measured.

==== Modes of operation ====
The radar can be operated in various modes - Surveillance/Scanning ("Search"), acquisition, tracking/classification mode. The radar can also be operated manually, or put into an automated "Standby" mode. BFSR also has integrated calibration and maintenance modes, which aids in easy maintenance and testing on the field. Additionally, the radar also contains a built-in training simulator, which aids in the training of operators without the need to extensive training facilities.<ref name="BR BFSR Brochure 1" /> Further training modules can be easily loaded on to the PC.

The built-in test equipment (BITE) on the BFSR aids in increasing reliability and allowing for easy calibration and fault detection of the radar on the field.

The various modes are remotely configurable from the CDU by the operator, which allows for different modes of operations without any physical changes on the BFSR, and without needing the operator to expose himself to any danger. The operation can also be remotely controlled for networked radars.<ref name="BR BFSR Brochure 1" />

In scanning mode, the radar can scan around a specified sector looking for any moving objects. It is also capable of "Track-while-Scan" (TWS) operation, and can track 50 targets in TWS acquisition mode. The speed of scan can also be adjusted by adjusting the speed of the antenna's rotation to either a low, medium or high rotational speed.

If a target is found, the operator can choose to track that target in the dedicated tracking mode. The Doppler return from the target is then processed, and fed into the operator's headphones to aid in classification. A classification algorithm in the radar also automatically classifies them into crawling target, single moving target, group of men, light vehicle, heavy vehicle and helicopter.

The radar can also be vehicle or mast-mounted, to increase the detection capabilities.<ref name="DRDO 02">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050118052746/http://drdo.org/pub/techfocus/oct02/battlefield.htm Battle Field Surveillance Radar]}} from [[DRDO]] Technology Focus, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2002.</ref> For mobility, better range, and for overcoming obstructions and ground reflection, a vehicle mounted version of BFSR has been developed. The radar array is mounted on a 6 meter long telescopic mast on a jeep or truck platform.<ref name="BR BFSR Brochure 1" />

== Applications ==
BFSR is designed keeping in mind the requirements of border surveillance and intruder detection. Thus, it is an ideal tool for border surveillance and protection. It can also be used for battlefield surveillance and intelligence gathering by scouts, forward observers and [[Special Forces]] units. It can also be used as a low-cost solution for detection of low flying helicopters and boats by smaller infantry units, enabling in better protection in the absence of larger air-defence radars.

The BFSR has been mainly used by the Indian Army for surveillance of designated areas and borders, for the prevention of infiltration and illegal immigration. It can also be used for perimeter surveillance and protection of sensitive sites, industrial facilities, power plants and similar sites.

== Status ==
BFSR-SR is currently being used extensively by the [[Indian Army]], which has employed it in the border areas with Pakistan and Bangladesh for surveillance and prevention of infiltration. In April 2004, 1176 units were ordered by the [[Indian Army]] for {{INRConvert|551|c|lk=on|year=2004}} and were delivered within 18 months.<ref name="HBL 04" /><ref name="Radar orders">[http://finance.indiainfo.com/news/2005/02/08/0802aerobel.html BEL begins export of Radars to Indonesia & Sudan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110195132/http://finance.indiainfo.com/news/2005/02/08/0802aerobel.html |date=10 January 2009 }}</ref> the Indian [[Border Security Force]] has also inducted these radars for border surveillance.<ref name="ToI BSF 08" /><ref name="ToI BSF 07" />

Additional 215 units of upgraded BFSR-SR radars were reportedly ordered in 2023. The upgraded radars were fitted with [[Thermal imaging camera|Thermal Imaging camera]]. The [[Request for Proposal]] (RfP) or the tender was released on 4 April 2023, followed by submission of the technical bid by Bharat Electronics on 24 May 2023 and its opening on 2 June 2023. The contract, after contract negotiations, was signed on 19 June 2023 at a cost of {{INRConvert|2987246577||lk=|year=2023}}. The radars were to be supplied within 12 months,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=alphadefense.in |date=2023-08-19 |title=215 Upgraded BFSR-SR for Army |url=https://alphadefense.in/index.php/2023/08/19/215-upgraded-bfsr-sr-for-army/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=alphadefense.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Foreign sales ===
BEL is heavily promoting the BFSR as a major product to foreign customers in order to improve its international defence presence.<ref name="HBL 04" /> At {{Indian Rupee}}40-50 crores per unit, the BFSR costs a third of the price of comparable western systems.<ref name="Excelsior 03">[http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/02aug03/national.htm#6 Battle field surveillance radar to be deployed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040823183148/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/02aug03/national.htm#6 |date=23 August 2004 }}, ''Daily Excelsior'', 2 August 2003.</ref>

The BFSR has also notched up foreign sales, with Indonesia ordering 100 units and Sudan ordering 10 radars. In fact, Indonesia was the first customer to receive the radars, even before the Indian Army.<ref name = "Radar orders"/> Mozambique has also bought some radars for trials. BEL is looking at [[Sri Lanka]], [[Uzbekistan]] and some other countries for potential sales. There have been serious sales enquiries from at least 5 countries. BEL is in the process of offering the product for field evaluations in other countries.<ref name="HBL 04" />

== Operators ==
;{{flag|India}}
*[[Indian Army]] – 1176 BFSR-SR<ref name="Radar orders" /> and 215 upgraded BFSR-SR.<ref name=":1" />
*[[Border Security Force]]<ref name="ToI BSF 08">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022154055/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-27/jaipur/27761724_1_imagers-bsf-border-areas BSF receives hi-tech gadgets], ''[[Times of India]]'', 27 June 2008.</ref><ref name="ToI BSF 07">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022154101/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-12/india/27886417_1_punjab-frontier-bsf-officials-indo-pak-border BSF revamps border surveillance measures], ''[[Times of India]]'', 12 January 2007.</ref>

=== Exports ===
*{{flag|Indonesia}} – ~100 units.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013161633/http://www.hinduonnet.com/holnus/001200708060340.htm BEL to export anti-infiltration radar to Indonesia]}}</ref>
*{{flag|Sudan}} – 10 units.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stoparmstosudan.org/pages.asp?id=41 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419041129/http://www.stoparmstosudan.org/pages.asp?id=41 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2013 |title=Arms Sales to Sudan, 2004-2006 |publisher=Stoparmstosudan.org |access-date=12 December 2012 }}</ref>
*{{MOZ}} – Bought for trials.

==Specifications==

=== Performance ===
==== Range ====
* '''Detection Range:'''
*** '''Crawling man:''' 500 m
*** '''Walking man:''' {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}}
*** '''Group of people:''' {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
*** '''Light vehicle:''' {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}
*** '''Heavy vehicle:''' {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* '''Range accuracy:''' 20m rms
* '''Range resolution:''' 50 m
* '''Speed:''' 0.9 m/s to 90 km/h

==== Azimuth & elevation ====
* '''Elevation Coverage:''' -40 to +15° (remotely settable)
* '''Azimuth sector scan:''' 30 to 180°
* '''Azimuth accuracy:''' 0.5° rms
* '''Azimuth resolution:''' better than 4°
* '''Track while Scan:''' 50 targets

=== Technical specifications ===
* '''Instrumented Range:''' {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}}
* '''Frequency Band:''' [[J band (NATO)|J band]], 21 frequencies
* '''Transmitter Type:''' Solid state
* '''Receiver Type:''' Super heterodyne
* '''Antenna Type:''' Micro-strip Patch array

=== Operation ===
* '''Modes of operation:''' Surveillance and tracking
* '''Target Identification:''' Using Doppler tones
* '''Rotation Rate:''' Low, Medium, High

=== Display ===
* '''Control & display unit:''' Customized, portable, IBM PC, compatible with [[Windows NT]] operating system
* '''Display type:''' 10.4" LCD colour
* '''Display modes:''' PPI or B-scope
* '''External interface:''' RS232C, LAN

=== Power & Reliability ===
* '''Weight:''' 30 kg (excluding accessories)
* '''Power supply:''' 24 V DC nominal
* '''Power consumption:''' 80 W
* '''[[Operating temperature]]:''' -20 to +55 °C
* '''[[Mean time between failures|MTBF]]:''' 1500 hrs
* '''Operational Altitude:''' Up to {{convert|16000|ft|m}}

== See also ==
* [[BEL Weapon Locating Radar]]
* [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]]
* [[Man portable radar]]
* [[Perimeter Surveillance Radar]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080500/http://www.bel-india.com/index.aspx?q=&sectionid=55 BEL Battle Field Surveillance Radar: Short Range (BFSR-SR) - Manufacturer information] from BEL website.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050118052746/http://drdo.org/pub/techfocus/oct02/battlefield.htm Battle Field Surveillance Radar]}} from [[DRDO]] Technology Focus, Vol. 10, No. 5, October 2002.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080131205721/http://www.drdo.org/Electronics/battlefield.html BFSR-SR]}} from DRDO Website.
* [http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jrew/jrew2277.html Battlefield Surveillance Radar - Short/Medium Range] from [[Jane's]] Defence.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106013623/http://media.bharat-rakshak.com/AeroIndia2007/Brochures/Scan002g.jpg.html BFSR Brochure from Bharat Rakshak.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921150331/http://media.bharat-rakshak.com/AeroIndia2007/Brochures/P1020406.JPG.html BFSR Information board from Bharat Rakshak.com]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090104034035/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_226.shtml ACIG.org]}}

{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}

[[Category:Ground radars]]
[[Category:Military radars of India]]
[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]

Taima mandala

2026-02-22T05:53:37Z

Vernell29N: slightly refined article for consistency and improved wording

{{refimprove|date=April 2015}}
[[File:Taima Mandala, 14th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 57.156.6.jpg|thumb|14th-century copy of the Taima Mandala. Japan, [[Kamakura period]]]]
The '''Taima Mandala''' (當麻曼荼羅,綴織当麻曼荼羅図) is an 8th century [[mandala]] in Japanese [[Pure Land]] Buddhism. It depicts [[Sukhavati]], the western Pure Land, with the Buddha [[Amitābha]] (Japanese: Amida) in the center. The original copy was made around 763 AD, and is currently kept at [[Taima-dera]] temple in [[Nara, Nara|Nara]]. Many copies have been made since, and the original work has degraded considerably.

According to popular legend, [[Chūjō-hime]] witnessed the creation of the mandala, crafted from fibers of lotus stems by two nuns who were thought to be [[Amitābha|Amida]] and [[Guan Yin|Kannon]] in disguise. The imagery on the painting is largely based on the ''[[Contemplation Sutra|Sutra of the Contemplation of Amitayus]]'', and has been the subject of several doctrinal commentaries in Japanese Buddhism.

The mandala was designated a [[National Treasures of Japan|national treasure of Japan]] on April 27, 1961.

==Description==
The central image is [[Sukhavati]], the Pure Land of the west. The left, right, and lower borders are lined with images from the Contemplation Sutra. The central image, called the Court of Essential Doctrine,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mason|first1=Penelope|title=History of Japanese Art|date=1993|publisher=Abrams|location=New York|isbn=0810910853|page=169}}</ref> depicts the Amida Buddha surrounded by his worshippers that have reached enlightenment, buildings, and the land that exists in his Paradise. At the top of the central image there are many figures floating in the sky on clouds. Each of these figures have the distinctive characteristic of a halo behind their heads. This detail is a signifier that each of them have achieved enlightenment. Alongside of them are various birds flying about, scarves floating in the air, and some lotus flowers. All the figures, scarves, and birds all float towards the center of the image.

Below the floating figures, in the center, near the top of the image, there are images of buildings that appear to look like temples or palaces floating in the sky, as well. These floating buildings lead down to what appears to be an indoor garden surrounded by more buildings, this time located to the ground. These buildings are designed after eighth-century Chinese Palaces. Each of these buildings, as well as the trees in the garden, are made of the seven precious substances–gold, silver, lapis lazuli, rock crystal, coral, agate, and mother-of-pearl.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grotenhius|first1=Elizabeth|title=Japanese Mandalas Representations of Sacred Geography|date=1999|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|location=Honolulu, HI|page=18|chapter=The Taima Mandala}}</ref> Throughout the palaces are more enlightened figures meditating.

Most Chinese palaces are raised on a platform as their foundation. The structural beams are primarily used to support the roof of the building. They are connected to directly to each other due to the brackets. The walls are either curtained or door panels to define the rooms or to enclose the building. In the Taima, the buildings display a sweeping roof. This type of roof holds a sweeping curve that raises the corners of the roofs.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zhao|first1=Ruiyong|last2=Caiwang|first2=Yang|title=Chinese Ancient Architecture|date=2004|publisher=[Jinan Shi]: Qi Lu yin xiang chu ban she chu ban fa xing}}</ref>

In the very center of this image is what appears to be a dock in the middle of a lotus pond. On this dock, there are three figures seated on [[Lotus throne|lotus thrones]] surrounded by many meditating enlightened figures. All three of these figures are bigger than the rest throughout the image, but the centered one is the largest of them all. The centered figure is known as Amida, the deity of the Western Paradise. The figure to each of his sides are known as bodhisattvas, people who have reached enlightenment, but stayed on earth to teach the ways of the Buddha to help others reach their enlightenment. These two figures are the bodhisattva [[Kannon]] and bodhisattva Seishi.

Surrounding the middle dock holding Amida are several smaller docks, all connected to the centered dock, each holding more meditating figures. In the pond itself are boats and lotus flowers. Upon close examination, one can see many figures being born from the lotus flowers. These are people who have reached enlightenment and are being welcomed into the Western Paradise. The boats are there to bring the enlightened figures to land so they can continue their worship.

The left border (the Court of Prefatory Legend) shows, first, the discovery of the Sutra on [[Vulture Peak]] at the top, and then illustrates the introduction of the Sutra, from the bottom upward: Prince Ajasatru's temptation, the imprisonment of his father and then his mother, and Queen Vaidehi's prayers answered by [[Gautama Buddha|Shakyamuni Buddha]]. Shakyamuni transmits the knowledge of the Pure Land to his disciple in the last panel, second from the top.

Queen Vaidehi was given the task to meditate and visualize the elements that represented of the western paradise, illustrated in the right border. This is called Thirteen Meditational Contemplations (The Jozengzi). The elements are as shown:

'''1.''' The Sun
'''2.''' The Moon
'''3.''' The Lapis Lazuli (Jeweled Realm of the Western Paradise)
'''4.''' The Trees of Paradise
'''5.''' The Lakes of Paradise
'''6.''' The Multi-storied Jeweled Towers of Paradise
'''7.''' Amida's Jeweled [[Lotus Throne]]
'''8.''' The Amida Triad
'''9.''' The Great Body of Amida
'''10.''' Amida in Half-lotus Position
'''11.''' The Bodhisattva Shishi
'''12.''' Imagining oneself reborn in Paradise
'''13.''' The Small Body of Amida<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mason|first1=Penelope E.|title=History of Japanese Art|date=1993|publisher=Abrams|location=New York|page=169|chapter=Samurai Culture and the coming of Pure Land and Zen Buddhism}}</ref>

The bottom border illustrate the nine levels of birth. This is described as the Court of General Meditations (Sanzengi). This is an extension of the Thirteen Meditational Concentrations. The General Meditations are three levels of rebirth that are subdivided into three degrees (six births total). <ref>{{cite book|last1=Mason|first1=Penelope|title=History of Japanese Art|date=1993|publisher=Abrams|location=New York|page=170|chapter=Samurai Culture and the Coming of Pure Land and Zen Buddhism}}</ref> These births include from middle birth to upper degree to the upper birth of the lower degree (higher ranks closer to center of pond), and middle birth to lower degree and the lower birth of the lower degree (enclosed in the calyxes of lotus flowers further away from Amida).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grotenhuis|first1=Elizabeth|title=Japanese Mandalas Representations of Sacred Geography|date=1999|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|location=Honolulu, HI|page=21-2|chapter=The Taima Mandala}}</ref> Surrounding the borders to the ends of the hanging scroll are designs of lotus flowers. Each lotus is painted with small and careful details to help make the images stand out.

== See also ==
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings)]]
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts-others)]]
* [[Taema (Noh play)]]

== Further reading ==
* Grotenhuis, Elizabeth Ten (1999). Japanese mandalas: representations of sacred geography, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, pp. 13–32

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.taimadera.org/cultural/index.html The Taima Mandala official website] - Japanese only
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131215142654/http://www12.canvas.ne.jp/horai/con-ex.htm Amida Net] - Breakdown of the Mandala and its pictures.
* [http://www.fodian.net/English/Contemplation_Sutra.htm English translation of the Contemplation Sutra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122045204/http://www.fodian.net/English/Contemplation_Sutra.htm |date=2021-01-22 }}
* [https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/201/527 綴織当麻曼荼羅図] The [[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]

[[Category:National Treasures (Japan)]]
[[Category:Buddhist art]]
[[Category:Mandalas]]

{{buddhism-stub}}

Archies Limited

2026-02-19T12:02:44Z

Vernell29N: made a data...

{{Short description|Indian retailer of greetings cards and gifts}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Archies Ltd
| logo = Archiesltdlogo.PNG
| image = Archies store at Forum Fiza Mall in Mangalore.jpg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
*{{BSE|532212}}
*{{NSE|ARCHIES}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE731A01020}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1979}}
| founder = Anil Moolchandani / Jagdish Moolchandani
| location = [[New Delhi]], India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people =
| industry = [[Greeting cards]]
| services =
| products =
| parent =
| revenue = {{down}} {{INRConvert|77.88|c}} (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bseindia.com/qresann/results.asp?scripcd=532212&scripname=ARCHIES%20LTD.&type=61.5&quarter=MC2008-2009&ResType=&checkcons=|title=Latest Stock/Share Market Updates - Corporate News - Announcements - BSE}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{loss}} {{INRConvert|3.43|c}} (2021)
| net_income = {{loss}} {{INRConvert|-2.39|c}} (2021)
| assets = {{down}} {{INRConvert|189.93|c}} (2021)
| equity = {{down}} {{INRConvert|107.58|c}} (2021)
| num_employees =
| homepage = {{url|www.archiesonline.com}}
}}

'''Archies Limited''' (earlier called '''Archies Greetings and Gifts Ltd''') is an Indian multinational retailer of [[greeting cards]] and [[gifts]], based in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archiesonline.com/gateway/contact_archies.php |title=Contact|Send Fresh Flowers To India|Buy Fresh Flowers|Rose|Bunches|Business Queries |publisher=Archiesonline.com |accessdate=7 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211100606/http://www.archiesonline.com/gateway/contact_archies.php |archive-date=11 February 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
Founded in 1979 by Anil Moolchandani, the company initially sold song books, [[posters]] and leather patches. The company's main product, greeting cards, was introduced in 1980. Cards were introduced for major [[Indian festivals]] such as [[Holi]], [[Diwali]] and [[Raksha Bandhan|Rakhi]], apart from the usual new year, birthday and anniversary occasions. The company went public in 1995. In 1998, it was listed on the [[National Stock Exchange of India]] and [[Bombay Stock Exchange]].

Archies Limited is in the business of manufacturing and selling [[greeting card]]s and other social expression products such as gifts and posters. Archies has a market share of about 50% of India's greeting cards market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/Archies-captures-half-of-Indias-greeting-cards-market/articleshow/2663572.cms |title=Archies captures half of India's greeting cards market|work=The Economic Times|date=31 December 2007 |accessdate=7 August 2010}}</ref>

== Outlets and Stores ==
Archies has about 250+ franchise and 230+ exclusive outlets, called Archies Galleries, spread across 120 cities<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archiesonline.com/gateway/archies_superbrand_article.php |title=Archies Superbrand Article |publisher=Archiesonline.com |accessdate=7 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621064904/http://www.archiesonline.com/gateway/archies_superbrand_article.php |archivedate=21 June 2010 }}</ref> and 6 countries. It has tie-ups and licensing arrangements for merchandising characters such as [[Dennis the Menace (U.S.)|Dennis the Menace]] and Disney characters. It has arrangements with Paramount Cards Inc., [[Anne Geddes]], and [[American Greetings]], for greeting card design and name use.

== Expansion ==
Following the increasing popularity of [[e-card]]s, Archies started its [[online portal]] in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy1/Archies%20The%20Way%20Indians%20Greet.htm |title=Archies: The Way Indians Greet | Business Strategy Case Studies | Case Study in Business, Management |publisher=Icmrindia.org |accessdate=7 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Archies_Limited |title=Science Fair Projects - Archies Limited |publisher=All-science-fair-projects.com |accessdate=7 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726113831/http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Archies_Limited |archivedate=26 July 2011 }}</ref> The company expanded its product range to include artificial jewelry, crystal ware, [[chocolate]]s and [[perfume]]s, and accordingly changed its name to Archies Limited in 2002.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{url|www.archiesonline.com|Official site}}

[[Category:Greeting cards]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Design companies established in 1979]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2000]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]

Swamiji (film)

2026-02-18T22:01:57Z

Vernell29N: revise

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Swamiji
| image =

| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Manick Sorcar]]
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay = Manick Sorcar
| story =
| based_on = Life of [[Vivekananda|Swami Vivekananda]]
| narrator = Shuman Ghosemajumder
| starring = Anindya Basu Subhamoy Ganguly Agni Obin Basu Hemanta Mukherjee Ravi Singh Payal Sutton Benjamin Sutton Raja Bhattacharjee Ritwik Bhattacharjee
| music = Sourabh Basak Manick Sorcar Anindya Basu (singer) Durga Rahul (singer)
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Basanti Studio Studio Six
| distributor = Manick Sorcar Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2012|10|10}}
| runtime = 56 minutes (laser documentary) 75 minutes (with prayer/Vandana)
| country = India
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Swamiji''''' is a 2012 [[Laser lighting display|laser show]] and [[documentary film]] directed and produced by [[Manick Sorcar]].<ref name=hbline>{{cite news|title=Swami Vivekananda's life depicted in laser|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/swami-vivekanandas-life-depicted-in-laser/article3988155.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> Based on the life story of [[Hindu]] monk [[Swami Vivekananda]] (1863–1902), it is the first laser documentary made on an individual and the first full-length laser documentary ever to be shown in a performing arts center.<ref name=hbline />

The documentary was produced on a budget of $125,000, utilizing eight color lasers, [[LED]] lights, smoke and haze machines, video projectors, a surround sound system, donated voice talent, song, animation modeling, and animation drawn by Manick Sorcar. The laser show was preceded by a Sanskrit prayer to the Holy Trio ([[Ramakrishna|Paramhansa Ramakrishna]], [[Sarada Devi]], and Swami Vivekananda), and 'Vandana', based on a composition of Swami Vivekananda in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. The prayer and Vandana were live performances in combination with laser animation and atmospheric effects. In total, combined with the 56-minute laser documentary, the show had a running time of 75 minutes.

Critics, [[Ramakrishna Mission]]s and [[Vedanta Society|Vedanta Societies]] around the world praised the documentary for its accurate depiction of Swami Vivekananda's life. The production was shown in dozens of cities in India and the United States.<ref name=denpost>{{cite news|title=Of lasers and monks: Arvada engineer, artist illuminates a great soul|url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_23885647/lasers-and-monks-arvada-engineer-artist-illuminates-great|newspaper=[[The Denver Post]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref>

==Plot==
The documentary begins with a [[slide show]] of an old pictorial book displaying black and white original scenes of 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]], [[Chicago]] and Swamiji at the [[Parliament of the World's Religions]] delivering his famous speech starting with "Sisters and brothers of America". As the audience gives a standing ovation, a gust of wind flipped the pages to the beginning of the storybook, where pictures come to life with bright multi-colored laser animation and 3D effects. The documentary included several of the major stages in Swami Vivekananda's life including his birth, youth, meeting with his spiritual leader [[Ramakrishna|Sri Ramakrishna]], taking his monastic vows, traveling across India as a penniless, itinerant monk, traveling to the [[United States]] as the first Hindu monk to speak at the Parliament of the World's Religions, introducing [[yoga]], lecturing around the United States and other countries, founding the [[Ramakrishna Mission]], and ultimately leaving behind a huge legacy.<ref name=times>{{cite news|title=Swami Vivekananda's life depicted in laser|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Swami-Vivekanandas-life-depicted-in-laser/pmredirectshow/16770544.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref>

==Production==
The making of ''Swamiji'' spanned six years, starting from Manick Sorcar's visit to the [[Art Institute of Chicago]] in 2006,<ref name=zeenews>{{cite web|title=Science merges with art in laser tribute to Vivekananda|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/art-and-theatre/science-merges-with-art-in-laser-tribute-to-vivekananda_117629.html|publisher=[[Zee News]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> when he was inspired to make the laser documentary on the philosopher-monk and started doing research on the subject with the help of the Art Institute library and the State [[Government of Illinois]]. The following years entailed research, building the storyboard, and developing the corresponding 3D special effects. The final production incorporated several color lasers, animation and atmospherics synchronized with intelligent lighting, haze machines, and surrounding sound system to present the mystical life story of the great monk. The objective of the unique laser show was to relive and spread the message of Swami Vivekananda of the 19th century in the light of the 21st century.

There are two songs in it. The lyrics for "Mano Chalo Nijo Niketane" were written by Ajay Udayanath Pakrashi and sung by Anindya Basu; and the lyrics for "Prabhuji Mero Awagun Chit Na Dharo" were written by Surdas, and sung by Durga Rahul.

==Premiere==
In India, the premier took place on 10 October 2012 at the Grand Theater of [[Science City Kolkata|Science City]],<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|title=Laser show on Swamiji|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140207/jsp/howrah/story_17907291.jsp#.U5VMLhbxW7I|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713082917/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140207/jsp/howrah/story_17907291.jsp#.U5VMLhbxW7I|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2015|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> Kolkata the largest science center in the Indian subcontinent under National Council of Science Museums, Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The show was organized by the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata and inaugurated by Ms. Kumari Selja,<ref name=hbline /> Minister for Culture, Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, who lit the lamp followed by Vedic Chanting by Ramakrishna Mission devotees. In the United States, the premiere took place on 24 August 2013 at the Colorado Height University Theater, Denver, Colorado, organized by SEWA International, USA.<ref name=hbline />

On 20 January 2013 it was nationally telecast in India by the ABP Ananda News Channel of Anandabazar Patrika, Kolkata.

==Reception==
The show has been widely acclaimed by critics. The Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, Belur Math, Howrah, India said "It was as if he was painting the events of Swamiji’s life with a paintbrush before our eyes. It was fascinating." The show took place on 31 January 2014 at Belur Math campus, attended by 15,000 people.<ref name=telegraph /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote: "the documentary uses cutting-edge laser technology to transport the audience to a world where art fuses with science seamlessly."<ref name=times />

In a review of the show in [[Delhi]], [[Ramakrishna Mission, Delhi]] wrote: "It is difficult to express in words the quality of production. Apart from the very impressive display of laser technique, what really gladdened our hearts was the accuracy, authenticity and the appropriate nature of the choice of incidents, music, narration, etc...It gives wonderful glimpse of his work in the West as well as in India. It highlights some of the most important and soul-stirring messages of Swamiji. In our view the Western audience would appreciate the show even more because Swami Vivekananda's message of harmony has been beautifully highlighted."<ref name=rmdelhireview>{{cite web|title=Pravrajika Brahmaprana interviewed on Public Radio|url=http://www.swamiji.vedantanc.org/reviews.html|publisher=[[Vedanta Society|Ramakrishna Vedanta Society of North Carolina]]|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref>

In a review of the show in [[Houston, Texas]], ''Indo American News'' wrote: "The sixth annual fundraiser of Sewa International held at the Stafford Center on Sept 8 was a resounding success being a totally sold out event thanks to the featured attraction, Manick Sorcar’s one of-a-kind unique laser documentary on the life of Swami Vivekananda. [...] The audience was spellbound and proved to be very emotional for several and the Houston crowd honored him with a standing ovation."<ref name=iareview>{{cite web|title=Manick Sorcar at His Best – Laser Documentary on Swami Vivekananda|url=http://www.indoamerican-news.com/?p=19899|publisher=Indo American News|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref>

Voice of Asia TV News wrote: "A pencil torch emitting laser light turned into a magic wand and the magic of light brought to life the ever green story of a world famous monk, known as Swami Vivekananda. The expectant audience, unfamiliar with the technique of laser show, was perhaps looking for a miracle and miracle, indeed, occurred as ships sailed, trains arrived, men and women walked and children played, all walks of life continued, bound and shaped by sheer light…The art of cartoon and animation reached its zenith in the hands of the reputed Laserist Manick Sorcar."<ref name=voareview>{{cite web|title=Lavish laser show throws light on Swami Vivekananda|url=http://voiceofasiaonline.com/blog/lavish-laser-show-throws-light-on-swami-vivekananda/|publisher=Voice of Asia Online|accessdate=7 July 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213910/http://voiceofasiaonline.com/blog/lavish-laser-show-throws-light-on-swami-vivekananda/|archivedate=14 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Awards==
At the 25th [[International Laser Display Association]] Annual Conference on 6 November 2013 in [[Aalen]], [[Germany]], Manick Sorcar received the "Special Achievement Award for Cultural Enlightenment". He was "Awarded for exceptional merit in using laser display to celebrate India’s heritage, and to prepare the next generation by introducing a course on laser art and animation and establishing the Manick Sorcar Laser Animation Laboratory at Jadavpur University".<ref name=timesaward>{{cite news|title=Indian-American honored for laser displays of Indian heritage|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Indian-American-honored-for-laser-displays-of-Indian-heritage/articleshow/26750892.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://manicksorcar.com/swamiji/ ''Swamiji'' Official Website]

{{Swami Vivekananda|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 documentary films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1893]]
[[Category:Documentary films about Chicago]]
[[Category:Films about Swami Vivekananda]]
[[Category:World's Columbian Exposition]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about religious leaders]]
[[Category:2012 English-language films]]
[[Category:English-language documentary films]]

Noopur Tiwari

2026-02-18T13:21:04Z

Vernell29N: put up article

{{Short description|Indian journalist and activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
'''Noopur Tiwari''' is an Indian journalist,<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/topic/noopur-tiwari|title=Noopur Tiwari: Latest News, Photos, Videos on Noopur Tiwari - NDTV.COM|website=NDTV.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> [[Feminism|feminist]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shethepeople.tv/why-am-i-a-feminist-noopur-tiwari/|title=Feminism In India - SheThePeople TV|website=Shethepeople.tv|accessdate=25 August 2017|archive-date=25 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825234749/http://www.shethepeople.tv/why-am-i-a-feminist-noopur-tiwari/|url-status=dead}}</ref> founder of a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]], [[blockchain]] led tech platform against sexual violence, Smashboard.<ref>{{Citation|title=This New App Aims To Fight Patriarchy On Digital Streets|url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/this-new-app-aims-to-fight-patriarchy-on-digital-streets-532624|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref> She has reported live for [[NDTV]]<ref name="ndtv.com"/> on a broad range of key political, economic and social stories from Europe since 2004. Tiwari writes for the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/queryResult;jsessionid=92A1CE697DA7DA549B23FDA98EEFC629|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825103205/http://www.hindustantimes.com/queryResult;jsessionid=92A1CE697DA7DA549B23FDA98EEFC629|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 August 2017|title=Hindustan Times - News|website=Hindustantimes.com|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> ''[[Business Standard]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/author/search/keyword/noopur-tiwari|title=Author - Noopur Tiwari - Business Standard|website=Business-standard.com|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Caravan]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/profile/616/|title=Did a Fire in a Centrally Funded Hospital in Delhi Cause the Deaths of Three Patients?|website=The Caravan|accessdate=25 August 2017|archive-date=25 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825104320/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/profile/616/|url-status=dead}}</ref> TheWire.in,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/author/ntiwari/|title=Noopur Tiwari, Author at The Wire|website=Thewire.in|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> and [[Scroll.in]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/author/2782|title=Noopur Tiwari|website=Scroll.in|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> She is the co-curator of a feminist Twitter handle called Genderlogindia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/genderlogindia?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor|title=Genderlog|website=Twitter.com|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> Tiwari worked as a producer with NDTV<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/topic/noopur-tiwari|title=Noopur Tiwari: Latest News, Photos, Videos on Noopur Tiwari |website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> from 1996 to 2003.

Noopur Tiwari launched the social network Smashboard in 2019, with the aim of uniting a global community of feminists (regardless of their gender) with mutual aid, solidarity and feminism intersectional as essential bases.<ref name="Drouelle">{{Cite web|last=Drouelle|first=Léa|date=21 April 2021|title=Connaissez-Vous Smashboard, Le Premier Réseau Social Féministe ? On Vous Explique Ce Que C'est !|url=https://www.grazia.fr/news-et-societe/news/connaissez-vous-smashboard-le-premier-reseau-social-feministe-on-vous-explique-ce-que-c-est-1004540|website=grazia.fr}}</ref> The idea of the platform dates to 2016. The #MeToo movement subsequently gave an added impetus to the development of the project.<ref name="Kapur">{{Cite web|last=Kapur|first=Manavi|date=4 December 2019|title=Smashboard app is using blockchain to help victims of sexual abuse in India|url=https://qz.com/india/1758197/after-metoo-an-app-now-uses-blockchain-against-sexual-abuse/|website=qz.com}}</ref>

In 2021 Smashboard won the Netexplo Innovation Grand Prize (global innovation observatory) in partnership with [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 April 2021|title=Le réseau social féministe "Smashboard" remporte le prix de l'innovation digitale de l'année|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/2021/04/15/le-reseau-social-feministe-smashboard-remporte-le-prix-de-linnovation-digitale-de-lannee-9490252.php|website=ladepeche.fr}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Noopur Tiwari NDTV.jpg|thumb|Noopur Tiwari reporting for [[NDTV 24x7|NDTV]] from the [[Paris Agreement|Paris Climate Summit]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Climate Deal 'A Hope For Future Generations': Prakash Javadekar|url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/climate-deal-a-hope-for-future-generations-prakash-javadekar-394633|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref>]]
As Europe correspondent and Resident Editor with NDTV, Tiwari reported major events and stories from all over the continent since 2004. She reported extensively on tax evasion and money laundering with exclusive interviews of major whistleblowers in the world of finance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/exclusive/news/india-has-less-than-1-info-on-black-money-lots-more-i-can-offer-whistle-blower-to-ndtv-345454|title=India Has Less Than 1% Info on Black Money, Lots More I Can Offer: Whistle-blower to NDTV|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/whistleblower-offers-to-help-india-with-black-money-probe-744371|title=Another Whistleblower Offers to Help India With Black Money Probe|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/letters/switzerland-treasure-hunt|title=Switzerland - Treasure Hunt|date=31 August 2014|website=Caravanmagazine.in|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> She also contributed episodes on Sikhs in France, Indian Soldiers in WW1 for NDTV's [[India Matters]].Her breaking news report on the French aircraft carrier Clemenceau (2004) was followed by an extensive coverage of the story in Indian media and the aircraft carrier had to eventually return after India's Supreme court ruling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/sc-panel-to-submit-clemenceau-report-112|title=SC panel to submit Clemenceau report|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> In her interviews with LTTE cadre (2006), Anton Balasingham expressed regret for [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s killing which was the closest the militant outfit came to admitting their responsibility for the murder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/shows/talking-heads/talking-heads-anton-balasingham-aired-july-2006-312369|title=Talking Heads: Anton Balasingham (Aired: July 2006)|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDAlDwAAQBAJ&q=noopur+tiwari+UK&pg=PA132|title=Government and Politics in Sri Lanka: Biopolitics and Security|first=A. R. Sriskanda|last=Rajah|date=21 April 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781351968003 |accessdate=3 September 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> Tiwari has covered several major elections in Europe and Indo-French bilateral visits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/emmanuel-macron-takes-charge-as-frances-new-president-1693442|title=Emmanuel Macron Takes Charge As France's New President|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-was-never-against-sri-lanka-indian-envoy-to-un-speaks-to-ndtv-555386|title=India was never against Sri Lanka: Indian envoy to UN speaks to NDTV|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> Tiwari also reported on the COP21 Paris summit,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/100-billion-dollar-green-fund-myth-or-reality-393147|title=100 Billion Dollar Green Fund: Myth or Reality?|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> the Greek referendum,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/greece-set-to-vote-in-crucial-referendum-778283|title=Greece Set to Vote in Crucial Referendum|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> Papal Conclaves,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/67-cardinals-will-vote-for-the-1st-time-at-the-conclave-father-theodore-mascarenhas-tells-ndtv-268357|title=67 cardinals will vote for the 1st time at the conclave, Father Theodore Mascarenhas tells NDTV|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> Indo-French civil nuclear deal,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/sarkozy-s-day-3-in-india-big-nuclear-deals-firmed-up-179958|title=Sarkozy's Day 3 in India: Big nuclear deals firmed up|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> Italy-India diplomatic row over marines,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/exclusive/news/justice-has-been-done-italian-marine-s-mother-tells-ndtv-268738|title=Justice has been done, Italian marine's mother tells NDTV|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> India and Pakistan at the International court of justice, the Mittal Arcelor take over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/lakshmi-mittal-french-govt-strike-deal-over-disputed-florange-unit-256623|title=Lakshmi Mittal, French govt strike deal over disputed Florange unit|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> She won the ENBA 2016 award, Best International coverage for the Paris terror attacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/enba-2016/videos.aspx|title=News Broadcasting Awards - enba 2016 by Exchange4media|website=Exchange4media.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/hundreds-flee-gathering-in-central-paris-in-apparent-false-alarm-391024|title=Hundreds Flee Gathering in Central Paris in Apparent False Alarm|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref>

==Television series==
Noopur Tiwari launched, produced and directed the satire show ''Gustakhi Maaf, Great India Tamasha:'' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/author/noopur-tiwari|title=Newslaundry - Sabki Dhulai|website=Newslaundry.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> for NDTV in 2004 developed with French marionette makers Alain Duverne and Laurent Huet. Tiwari was the co-scriptwriter of this adaptation of the BBC series Yes Prime Minister; co-production NDTV-BBC for STAR TV as "[[Ji Mantriji]]". Tiwari produced episodes on politicians and artists such as [[M. F. Husain|MF Husain]], Former Indian PM [[V. P. Singh|VP Singh]], politician [[Lalu Prasad Yadav|Laloo Prasad Yadav]] for ''[[Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai]]:'' A show on the life of celebrities on [[Zee TV]].

In her reports on culture and lifestyle Tiwari has interviewed actors such as [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] and [[Meryl Streep]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/entertainment/news/noopur-tiwari-in-conversation-with-meryl-streep-108446|title=Noopur Tiwari in conversation with Meryl Streep|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> She has also anchored & produced lifestyle shows for "[[NDTV Good Times]]" on Wine and Art :
*Wine Country Citizen: a show on wine travel in France and South Africa <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/food/wine-country-citizen/wine-country-citizen-bordeaux-159888|title=Wine Country Citizen - Bordeaux|website=Ndtv.com|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodtimestv.in/tv-shows/wine-lovers-guide-to-the-world-556|title=Wine Lovers Guide to the World - NDTV Good Times|website=Goodtimestv.in|accessdate=3 September 2017|archive-date=3 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903163559/http://www.goodtimestv.in/tv-shows/wine-lovers-guide-to-the-world-556|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Art Beat: a series on art and travel from Europe <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodtimestv.in/tv-shows/art-beat-463|title=Art Beat - NDTV Good Times|website=Goodtimestv.in|accessdate=3 September 2017|archive-date=3 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903163012/http://www.goodtimestv.in/tv-shows/art-beat-463|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Smashboard ==
Smashboard is a non-profit that is creating an online global community of feminists to fight patriarchal violence.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 May 2021|title=Le réseau Smashboard couronné du " prix de l'innovation digitale de l'année "|url=https://digimedia.be/content.php?rubric=News&lng=fr&id=24434&title=le-ra-seau-smashboard-couronna-du-a-prix-de-l-innovation-digitale-de-l-anna-e-a|website=digimedia.be}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nagaraj|first=Anuradha|date=8 January 2020|title=Encrypted app aims to boost sex crime reporting in India|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-women-tech-trfn-idUSKBN1Z720S|website=reuters.com}}</ref>

The objective is to facilitate the reporting of cases of sexual violence through technology.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mathur|first=Natasha|date=5 December 2019|title=This App Uses Blockchain Technology To Help Victims Report Sexual Assault In India|url=https://in.mashable.com/tech/9162/this-app-uses-blockchain-technology-to-help-victims-report-sexual-assault-in-india|website=in.mashable.com}}</ref> Smashboard aims to bring together support systems for people who are victims of sexual violence by offering them a space for discussion, security and protection.<ref name="Drouelle"/>

Smashboard offers four tools: a map of the world referencing all the structures and associations dedicated to women; easy access to lawyers, psychologists, and journalists looking for testimonies and victims wishing to speak out; and finally, securing testimonials and data via the blockchain.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menez|first=Lydia|date=15 April 2021|title=Smashboard, le réseau social féministe élu innovation de l'année 2021|url=https://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/Smashboard-le-reseau-social-feministe-elu-innovation-de-l-annee-2021-3924714|website=elle.fr}}</ref>

The innovation is intended to enable victims and survivors to seek assistance anonymously and to document evidence using timestamped records. The technology allows users to create records that may be used when reporting incidents to law enforcement and judicial authorities.<ref name="Kapur"/>

==Personal life==
Tiwari went to St Anthony's School, Agra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanthonysjrcollege.org/head_girls.aspx|title=St. Anthony's Junior College Agra, Best ICSE School In Agra|website=Stanthonysjrcollege.org|accessdate=3 September 2017}}</ref> She studied at [[Miranda House, University of Delhi|Miranda House]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]].{{cn|date=November 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Noopur}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women television producers]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Rishabhdeo

2026-02-15T18:04:14Z

Vernell29N:

{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
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| website =
| footnotes =
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'''Rikhabdeo''' ( '''Rishabhadeo''') is a town in [[Udaipur district]] in the [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Rajasthan]], in north-west India.

Rishabhadeo is situated {{convert|65|km|mi|0}} from [[Udaipur]] and is on Udaipur-[[Ahmedabad]] Road. The name of the town is also Dhulev The place got its name from a Bhil chieftain named Dhuleva who guarded the temple of Lord Rishabhdev <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpreecenvis.nic.in/Database/RishabdeoTemple_4186.aspx|title=Rishabdeo Temple }}</ref>., however it is better known as Rishabhadeo. It is a well-known pilgrimage site for the temple Kesariyaji Tirth (a. k. a. the "Main Temple"). '''Kesariyaji Tirth''' or '''Rishabhdeo Jain temple''' is a [[Jain]] [[Jain temple|temple]] located in '''Rishabhdeo''' town of [[Udaipur District]] of Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. The temple is considered an important pilgrimage center by both [[Digambara]] and [[Śvētāmbara]] sect of Jainism.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=115}}{{sfn|Crooke|1896|pp=104-105}}{{sfn|Wiley|2009|p=233}} Further, [[Rajasthan High Court]], in its judgment dated 30 March 1966, stated that it was, indisputably, a Śvētāmbara Jain temple.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan High Court. Deewan Singh And Ors., Etc. vs State Of Rajasthan And Ors. on 5 February, 1997 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1130269/}}</ref> Lord Rishabhadeo is also "Kesariaji" because a large offering of [[saffron]] (keshar, a common ingredient) is made to the deity.

This temple was considered to be one of the four main religious institutions of Mewar, ruled by the [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]] [[Maharana]]s of [[Udaipur]],<ref>Mewar History: The State of Mewar and concept of Kingship, Trusteeship, webpage: [http://www.mmcfindia.org/mewar_history.asp MFhist] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430033320/http://www.mmcfindia.org/mewar_history.asp |date=30 April 2007 }}.</ref> as stated by Chatur Singhji Bavji:

:::"Ekling Girirajdhar Rishabdev Bhujchaar
::: Sumaron Sada Sneh so, Chaar Dham Mewar"

It has been a famous Jain [[pilgrimage]] center. The famous [[Svetambara]] [[Jain]] ''Arati'' by Mulchand refers to this temple:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yja.org/education/mahavir_jayanti/onlinepuja.html|title=Recitation of Aarti}}</ref>

:::"Dusari Aarti Din Dayala,
::: Dhuleva Nagarman Jug Ujavala"

==Economy==
The region has more than 200 mines of green marble. Rishabhdeo is the largest miner of green marble.9 0 per-cent of green marble in the world is produced in Rishabhdev. The turnover of marble industry is more than 500 crore. It also give employment to many labourers.
Beyond this the town also has spinning and weaving mill by [[lnj]]Bhilwara group. Thus it gives employment to 10000 local workers.
The presence of temple also leads to income of many people. There are many shops near temple that sold Puja samagri.

==Educational institutions==
There are several school and colleges in the region
Govt.sr.sec.school,
Govt.sr.sec.girls school,
Mahaveer public school,
Vivekananda Kendra vidyalaya,
Eden international school,
Vidhya Niketan,
Classic public school,
J.R Sharma mahavidyala,

==Rathotsav==
After the end of paryushana parva rathotsav is celebrated in the town. This festival is celebrated as the marriage of [[neminatha|lord neminath]]. Men wear white cloths and women wears chundad. People play [[Dandiya]] and [[Garba (dance)|garba]]. The main attraction of the rathotsav is 800 years old raths. The festival is celebrated for two days and ends up with march past of dhulev jawans.

==Main Temple==
{{Main|Kesariyaji}}
[[File:Rishabhdeo Jain temple (9710280717).jpg|thumb|upright=1.8|Kesariyaji Tirth]]

The temple is dedicated to Lord Rishabh dev. The temple is very artistic. Its pinnacles, arches, doors, walls are very artistic, beautiful and fascinating. The fifty two pinnacles of the temple are seen from a long distance. The main temple of Atishaya Teerth Kshetra [[Rishabhanatha]] is very attractive, magnificent and artistic having 52 beautiful spires on it. It is believed to be built in 8th century.{{sfn|Carrithers|Humphrey|1991|p=215}} According to Jain's opinion, as a symbol of Nandishwar Dweep's 52 temples, this temple was constructed having 52 spires. This temple is constructed scientifically according to the art of architecture.

Just before the courtyard and in front of the main temple there is an idol of Marudevi Mata, the mother of Lord Rikhabdev, seated on a marble elephant.

===Construction style===
The first gate of the temple in the form of Vaikarakhana. The square of outer orbits comes from the temple of Dakshar Khel. It is also there on the other entrance. There is an elephant of black stone standing at both the doors. Aahwankund near the elephant On the north side, where Durga is worshiped in the days of Navratri, one of the two sides of the upper door is Brahma and the other is Shiva idol. There is an arrangement for going to this temple through the stairs. There is a statue of Marudevi sitting on the middle of the middle of the pavilion above the sidewalk. The platform of Lord Bhagwad Gita is made on the left side ahead of the stairs, where the story of Bhagwat is in chaos. Due to 9 columns, it is known as the nine-poster. From here the third gate is entered. wabpage:[http://m.bharatdiscovery.org/india/ऋषभदेव_मन्दिर_उदयपुर ऋषभदेव मन्दिर उदयपुर - भारतकोश, ज्ञान का हिन्दी महासागर]

===The main idols in the temple===
The main idol in the temple is of ''Tirthankara Rishabha'', carved in black stone in [[Lotus position|padmasana]] posture, about {{convert|3.5|ft|m|1}} tall. Two oxen are carved in the center of the ''simhasana'' (platform) of the main idol, which also has 16 dreams of the mother of Tirthankar. Surrounding the main deity, there are 23 idols, 2 standing and 21 seated, in an ''[[ashtadhatu]]'' (composed of eight metals) [[parikar]]. Here, pilgrims are bound to be lost in unstinted devotion; both Jain and non-Jain visitors and pilgrims experience a sort of sacredness, thanks due to the simply indescribable aura of the image of Shri Prabhu. The round face of Shri Prabhu is extremely attractive and pleasing to the mind. The whole temple, with the main inner apartment, the deep pandal, nine [[chowki]]s, the assembly pandal, the Bhamati, the small shrines of gods, the Shrungara chowki, the peak and the encircling fort is simply majestic. Even from a distance, the gorgeous 52 Jinalayas can enrapture the viewer. In the north and south sides of the Khela [[Mandapa]] of the temple, idols of Tirthankaras [[Vasupujya]], [[Mallinath]], [[Neminatha|Neminath]], [[Parshvanath]] and [[Mahavir]] Swami (collectively referred to as Panch-Balayati) are installed.<ref>"Shri Rishabh Dev Teerth Kshetra", jainteerth.com, webpage: [http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/Rishabh%20Dev.asp JTdev].</ref>

There are 52 secondary ornate shrines (''devakulikas'') of the Tirthankaras.

Elephants carved of black stone stand at the entrance of the temple. On the north is the image of Goddess [[Chakreshvari]], and on the southern side is an image of goddess [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmavati]].

The temple have 1100 pillars and every pillar have different art.

All Hindu castes and Jain sects have been offering prayers here since a long time ago, the management of the temple is done by the state Government.

=== History ===

The history of the temple is not known clearly. Different communities put their own version of it. There are many beliefs regarding the antiquity and history of this splendid, miraculous and extraordinary idol. It was very much worshipped in the times Bhagawan Munisuvrat Swami. In course of time, it appeared under a banyan tree outside Vatpradnagar. It was worshipped for some years. Again it appeared under a tree at distance of one kilometer from the village. This is the Chief Tirth of Jains in the Mewar State. A fair is held here every year on the eighth day of the dark half of the month of Fagan. With all the five fingers, people worship God here with saffron.{{sfn|Carrithers|Humphrey|1991|p=215}} They give a gift of saffron to God. Bhils, know God by the name of 'Kalababa'. Non - Jain devotees come here with faith. Since centuries, there is a custom of giving saffron to God as a gift. Sometimes so much saffron is plastered on God, that God looks saffron - colored. People, therefore, call God Kesariyanath.

===The temple and the Maharanas of Udaipur===

Udaipur became the capital of the [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]]s in 1559. The revival of the fortunes of the Sisodias was made possible by the Jain ministers, like [[Bhamashah]], who provided funds to reestablish the Maharanas after they had to leave [[Chittor]]. Because of significant Jain influence, the Maharanas became devotees of Lord Rishabh and worshipped here. They also made gifts to the temple.

Maharana Fateh Singh (1884–1930) presented a jewel-studded ''angi'' (coat) to the temple which is used on special occasions costing one hundred thousand [[rupees]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mewarindia.com/ency/re.html|title=The Mewar Encyclopaedia: R}}</ref>

The administration was handed over to the government after India's independence.

===The temple dispute===
The nature of the temple has been in issue between Digambara, Swetambers and other Hindus.{{sfn|Carrithers|Humphrey|1991|p=215}} [[Rajasthan High Court]], in its judgment dated 30 March 1966, stated that it was, indisputably, a [[Śvētāmbara]] Jain temple.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan High Court. Deewan Singh And Ors., Etc. vs State Of Rajasthan And Ors. on 5 February, 1997 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1130269/}}</ref> The Supreme Court of India in its judgment delivered in 'The State of Rajasthan & Ors. Vs. Shri Sajjanlal Panjawat & Ors.' [reported as (1974) 1 SCC 500] has, after considering the material produced, decided that it is a '[[Jain temple]]' [see para. 12 at pg. 509/510 SCC]. However, since the right to manage the said temple had been taken over by the State of Mewar before promulgation of the Indian Constitution, therefore, Jains had no right to manage the temple after the Indian Constitution came into force. For that reason, it was held, that the Jains had no right to protect under Article 25/26 of the Indian Constitution. The issue of management of the said temple was again cropped up, and Digambars, Swetambars, Hindus and the State of Rajasthan again brought the matter in the Supreme Court of India, claiming to have the right to manage the temple. However, this time on the strength of 'Rajasthan Public Trust Act', which says that those temples to which chapter X of the said Act is applicable, would be managed by a Committee constituted from the persons interested in the management. That case was decided by a Bench of the Indian Supreme Court and Hon'ble Justice S.B. Sinha and Hon'ble Justice Markandey Katju vide in the judgment dated 4 January 2007, delivered in Civil Appeal No.4092-95 of 2002 titled as "Deewan Singh & Ors. vs. Rajendra Prasad ARdevi & Ors". Other connected Civil Appeals, confirmed the judgement of Single Judge (which was modified by the Division Bench of the Rajasthan High Court) and ordered that the management of the said temple be handed over to the committee, as envisaged under Section 53 of the 'Rajasthan Public Trust Act' within four months.

A 2007 Supreme Court decision to hand over the administration to the [[Jain community]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jainsamaj.org/magazines/february3-2007.htm|title=Supreme Court of India Judgement On Shree Kesariaji Temple Courtesy: Jain Gazette, Lucknow}}</ref> had led to protests and violence by the local tribals.<ref>Fresh violence rocks Udaipur town, IBN Live, 9 February 2007 http://www.ibnlive.com/news/cops-fire-on-udaipur-protest-1-killed/top/33164-3.html</ref><ref>Army alerted, Hindu, 9 Feb 2007, http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/09/stories/2007020916490500.htm</ref>

: "The revenue earned by the temple was also perhaps the main issue behind the legal tangle and the current confrontation, in which tribal people have been used as cannon fodder. The temple complex lies on 378 hectares of land and houses a guest house as well. Its moveable property alone is said to be valued at about Rs. 510 million. It is estimated that on an average 2,000 devotees visit Rishabdeo every day.

: "The temple's eight Brahmin priests share the bulk of the offerings.

: "The priests insist that the management cannot be handed over to the Jain community. "Where will we go? The Maharanas of Mewar gave us the right to conduct prayers here. They also made valuable offerings to the god," says Bhogilal, a priest. "I won't let the mandir go either to the Devasthan or to the tribals," he says."

Gulabchand Kataria, the home minister of Rajasthan believes that the tribals were incited by some elements.<ref>[http://www.nationalistcongressphindi.com/fullstory.asp?storyid=C-10-1100318&sitecode=bhs§ion=S29&par=&page=2 फिर लेंगे सुप्रीम कोर्ट की शरण]</ref> [[Dainik Navjyoti]]<ref>[http://www.naitindia.com/detail.php?n_id=6508 ऋषभदेव विवाद पर सरकार पशोपेश में]</ref> had reported on 14 February 2007 that:

: "Some members of the Jain community say that some leaders of the Vaishnava community are behind instigation of the tribals."

: "The priests get a large fraction of all the offerings. Because of this self interest, the group of priests do not want the management to go to the Jains."

Bhaskar reported the anonymous pamphlets were distributed among the tribals to incite them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/newsitems/view_city_news.php?id=36114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060753/http://www.bhaskar.com/newsitems/view_city_news.php?id=36114 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2007 |title=Dainik Bhaskar News Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgath, Haryana, Chandigarh, Jaipur, Bhopal, Indore, Newspaper}}</ref> The violence had erupted on 7 February 2007, when several hundred tribals attacked the members of the Jain community and destroyed theirs shops, houses, cars, etc. The police were unable to contain the destruction after the use of tear gas and rubber bullets. One person was killed in the police firing.

There is pressure being put on the state government not to implement the Supreme Court decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.khaskhabar.com/www/today/read.asp?Id=22496 |title=The Govt will file review petition}}</ref> This has been causing alarm in the Jain community.

==Demographics==
Rishabhdeo is a Census Town city in district of Udaipur, Rajasthan. The Rishabhdeo Census Town has population of 9,171 of which 4,769 are males while 4,402 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

Population of children of age 0-6 is 1121 which is 12.22% of the total population. In Rishabhdeo Census Town, the female sex ratio is of 923 against a state average of 928. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Rishabhdeo is around 850 compared to Rajasthan state average of 888. Literacy rate of Rishabhdeo city is 85.60%, higher than the state average of 66.11%. In Rishabhdeo, male literacy is around 92.29% while female literacy rate is 78.44%.

Rishabhdeo Census Town has total administration over 1,921 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Census Town limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

According to the figures of Census 2011 on the basis of religion, [[Hindus]] are 75.39%, [[Jains]] 23.91% and others 0.7%.

About three-fourths of the residents of the town are [[Hindu]], belonging to Brahmin, Suthar, Lohar, Tailor, Mochi, Kumhar, Somupura, Valmiki and other casts and another one-fourth 95% belonging to the Digambara [[Jain]] are here from many years ago. Shwetambar Jains are also residing here. Many Bhil and Meena villages are surrounding Rishabhdeo, and they have come every day to Rishbhdeo for prayer, in sects<ref>The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society By Michael Carrithers, Caroline Humphrey, 1991, Cambridge University Press</ref> belonging to [[Bispanthi]] [[Narsingpura]] and [[Humad]] communities.

Rishabhdeo is also famous for green marble. It has more than 300 marble mines in massaor ki obri and odavas kagder.
About 90% percent of the green marble around the world is produced by Rishabhdeo. Nearly 70% percent of the marble of Rishabhdeo is exported to the US, UAE, Canada and many other countries.

==Gaj Mandir==
[[File:Jain God Idol.JPG|thumb|200px|Main Idol inside Gaj Mandir]]
Gaj Mandir is a Jain Shwetambar Temple built in 2011 in Rishabhdeo. The place is well known for the Kika Bhai Dharmshala. The management of Kika bhai dharmshala is under Kikabhai Premchand Trust and purely owned by Jain Shwetambar community. This temple has a very good architecture made with pure white marble. The name "gaj Mandir" represents the statue of elephants at the entrance of temple. The main idol of the temple is "lord rishbhdev" statue made with black granite.

==Other local attractions==
Nearby places worth visiting include: Gurukul Jain temple, Kanch ka mandir, Paglyaji, mahaveer jinalaya, Rishabh Garden, Patshala Jain temple, Ram Mandir, Emliyachod Hanuman ji, Chandragiri, Bhim Pagalya, Bhattarak Kirti Bhavan, Vishwakarmaji mandir, Satyanarayan mandir, Suraj kund Ganesh temple, Rayana Hanuman ji, Dadabadi, and vaghuvan.

==See also==
*[[Narsingpura]]
*[[Nagarparkar Jain Temples]]

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{citation | last1=Carrithers | first1=Michael | author-link1=Michael Carrithers | last2=Humphrey | first2=Caroline | author-link2=Caroline Humphrey |title=The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society |url={{Google books|loQkEIf8z5wC|page=215|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=1991 |isbn=978-05-213-6505-5 }}
* {{cite book |last=Crooke |first=William |author-link=William Crooke |title=The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh | volume=4 |url={{Google books|GJQn7XA6Cz4C|plainurl=yes}} |year=1896 |publisher=Office of the superintendent of government printing }}
* {{cite book |last=Shah | first=Umakant Premanand | author-link=Umakant Premanand Shah | title=Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography | url={{Google books|m_y_P4duSXsC|plainurl=yes}} | date=1987 | publisher=Abhinav Publications | location=[[Delhi]] | isbn=81-7017-208-X }}
* {{cite book |last=Wiley |first=Kristi L. |title=The A to Z of Jainism |url={{Google books|cIhCCwAAQBAJ|page=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2009 | volume=38 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-6337-8 }}

{{Udaipur district}}
{{Districts_of_Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Jain temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Udaipur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Udaipur district]]
[[Category:Jain pilgrimage sites]]
[[Category:9th-century Jain temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples]]

Adaa Khan

2026-02-12T07:29:54Z

Vernell29N: made a info...

{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Adaa Khan
| image = Adaa Khan, Iconic Woman of the Year Award 2020 (1) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Khan in 2020
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|05|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}}
| known_for = ''[[Behenein]]'' ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'' ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''
| years_active = 2009—present
}}

'''Adaa Khan''' (born 12 May 1989) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] television actress and model.<ref name="Age">{{cite web |title=Hotness Alert! Naagin actresses Mouni Roy chilling on the beaches of Goa, Adaa Khan celebrates birthday in Srinagar |url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/hotness-alert-naagin-actresses-Mouni-Roy-chilling-on-the-beaches-of-goa-Adaa-Khan-celebrates-birthday-in-srinagar-1184818/ |first=Zainab |last=Mulla |website=India.com |access-date=1 June 2016 |date=14 May 2016}}</ref> She is known for portraying Akashi in ''[[Behenein]]'', Amrit in ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' and Shesha in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''. In 2020, she participated in ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''.

==Early and personal life==
Khan was born in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), [[Maharashtra]] on 12 May 1989.<ref name="Age"/> Her mother Parvin Khan died from cancer in March 2013.<ref name="Maheshwri">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Why-Adaa-Khan-is-very-emotional-about-this-tattoo/articleshow/45504071.cms |title=Why Adaa Khan is very emotional about this tattoo |work=The Times of India |first=Neha |last=Maheshwri |date=14 December 2014 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Agarwal">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Adaa-Khan-misses-mom-at-success-bash/articleshow/19987775.cms |title=Adaa Khan misses mom at success bash |work=The Times of India |first=Stuti |last=Agarwal |date=10 May 2013 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> She has a brother named Imran Khan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adaa Khan's brother Imran on working out together: We decided to train together and now it's a routine |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/adaa-khans-brother-imran-on-working-out-together-we-decided-to-train-together-and-now-its-a-routine/articleshow/88545721.cms |access-date=18 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Khan was in a long relationship with actor [[Ankit Gera]] during mid-2010s. They ultimately broke up due to infidelity on his part.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Shreya |date=21 July 2017 |title=Ankit Gera: I never dated Roopal Tyagi; was in a serious relationship with Adaa Khan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/ankit-gera-i-never-dated-roopal-tyagi-was-in-a-serious-relationship-with-adaa-khan/story-8QgIFhLkSFke06pp3EtvSK.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Heartbreak makes Naagin actress Adaa Khan lose faith in love |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/heartbreak-makes-naagin-actress-adaa-khan-lose-faith-in-love/articleshow/64135488.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=12 May 2018 |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
Khan started out her career as a model and<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/After-every-three-months-I-get-a-new-reel-look-Adaa-Khan/articleshow/19577714.cms |title=After every three months I get a new 'reel' look: Adaa Khan |work=The Times of India |first=Shruti |last=Jambhekar |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> appeared in several advertisements.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Adaa-Khan-shoots-for-jewellery-designer-Nidhi-Jain/articleshow/30212386.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428074125/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Adaa-Khan-shoots-for-jewellery-designer-Nidhi-Jain/articleshow/30212386.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 April 2014 |title=Adaa Khan shoots for jewellery designer Nidhi Jain |work=The Times of India |date=11 February 2014 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/TV-shows-are-getting-bolder-Adaa-Khan/articleshow/13738630.cms |title=TV shows are getting bolder: Adaa Khan |work=The Times of India |first=Amrita |last=Mulchandani |date=3 June 2012 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="india.com">{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/glamtalk/adaa-khan-shoots-for-jewellery-designer-nidhi-jain_150621.html |title=Adaa Khan shoots for jewellery designer Nidhi Jain |date=10 February 2014 |work=Zee News |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> Following her stint in modelling and advertisements, Khan decided to opt for a career as an actor in television.<ref name="Age"/> In 2009, she debuted in Hindi television by playing the role of Vigya in the [[Sony Entertainment Television]] show ''[[Palampur Express]]''.<ref name= "Adaa 1">{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/not-full-of-ego-in-real-life-says-tv-actress-adaa-khan-249145 |work=NDTV Movies |title=Not full of ego in real life, says TV actress Adaa Khan |date=30 July 2012 |access-date=5 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007174649/http://movies.ndtv.com/television/not-full-of-ego-in-real-life-says-tv-actress-adaa-khan-249145 |archive-date=7 October 2013}}</ref>

In 2010, she appeared in [[Star Plus]]'s show ''[[Behenein]]''. It centers around the story of four rich sisters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/No-Bollywood-for-me-cant-handle-stardom-Adaa-Khan/articleshow/12748415.cms |title=No Bollywood for me, can't handle stardom: Adaa Khan |work=The Times of India |first=Amrita |last=Mulchandani |date=21 April 2012 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> She was cast in the role of Aakashi Shastri, one of the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/birthday-special-five-reasons-we-love-adaa-khan-aka-sesha-of-naagin-323051-2016-05-12 |title=Birthday special: Five reasons we love Adaa Khan aka Sesha of Naagin |work=India Today |access-date=6 August 2016 |first=Parmita |last=Uniyal |date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Maheshwri"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/adaa-back-from-refreshing-canada-trip/articleshow/66040914.cms?from=mdr |title=Adaa Khan back from a refreshing solo trip to Canada |work=The Times of India |first=Swasti |last=Chatterjee |date=2 October 2018 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2012, Khan played a leading role in the [[Director's Kut Productions]] drama ''[[Amrit Manthan]]'' as Princess Amrit Kaur Sodhi,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Adaa-Khan-wants-to-do-Bollywood-item-numbers/articleshow/15474051.cms |title=Adaa Khan wants to do Bollywood item numbers |work=The Times of India |first=Swasti |last=Chatterjee |date=13 August 2012 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Agarwal"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Adaa-Khan-inspired-by-Rekha/articleshow/18676968.cms |title=Adaa Khan inspired by Rekha |work=The Times of India |first=Stuti |last=Agarwal |date=25 February 2013 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> co-starring [[Ankita Sharma]], [[Dimple Jhangiani]] and Navi Bhangu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Books-are-Adaa-Khans-latest-obsession/articleshow/22255872.cms |title=Books are Adaa Khan's latest obsession |work=The Times of India |first=Swasti |last=Chatterjee |date=3 September 2013 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="BT"/>

She did episodic roles in shows like ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'',<ref name="Adaa 3">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Adaa-Khan-to-play-a-rape-victim/articleshow/22118850.cms |title=Adaa Khan to play a rape victim |work=The Times of India |date=28 August 2013 |first=Neha |last=Maheshwri |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/yeh-hai-aashiqui-adaa-khan-plays-a-rape-survivor/421994-44-124.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918021555/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/yeh-hai-aashiqui-adaa-khan-plays-a-rape-survivor/421994-44-124.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 September 2013 |title=Yeh Hai Aashiqui: Adaa Khan plays a rape survivor |date=14 September 2013 |work=IBN Live |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'', ''[[Code Red (Indian TV series)|Code Red]]'' and ''[[Savdhaan India @ 11]]''.<ref name="Adaa 4">{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/adaa-khan-opts-for--episodics-/1167680/ |title=Adaa Khan opts for episodics |work=The Indian Express |first=Onkar |last=Kulkarni |date=13 September 2013 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> She was also a contestant on the reality show ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]''.

[[File:Adaa Khan graces the Indian Television Academy Awards 2017 (10).jpg|thumb|upright|Khan at the [[Indian Television Academy Awards]] in 2017]]

In 2015, Khan's breakthrough came when she played the role of Shesha, a shape-shifting serpent in [[Naagin (2015 TV series)|''Naagin'']]. In 2016, she reprised her role of Shesha in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''.<ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/video/mohit-malhotra-to-star-opposite-adaa-khan-in-ekta-kapoor-s-daayan-1386295-2018-11-11 |title=Mohit Malhotra to star opposite Adaa Khan in Ekta Kapoor's Daayan |date=11 November 2018 |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> In 2018, she played the lead role of Sitara in the supernatural series ''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]''.<ref name="Sitara">{{cite web |title=Not Ekta Kapoor's 'Daayan', but Adaa Khan to play the protagonist in Rashmi Sharma's 'Sitaara' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/not-ekta-kapoors-daayan-but-adaa-khan-to-play-the-protagonist-in-rashmi-sharmas-sitaara/articleshow/66496522.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |author=Neha Maheshwari |date=4 November 2018 |access-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>

In 2019, she made a guest appearance in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 3]]'', reprising her role of Shesha.<ref name="Naagin 3">{{cite web |title=Naagin 3: Adaa Khan joins Mouni Roy for an epic series finale |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/naagin-3-adaa-khan-joins-mouni-roy-for-an-epic-series-finale/articleshow/69253841.cms |access-date=12 May 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=9 May 2019}}</ref>

In 2020, she participated in ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''.<ref name="Khatron Ke Khiladi 1"/> The same year, she made another appearance as Shesha again as a guest in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 5]]''.<ref name="Naagin 4">{{cite web |title=Naagin 4: Surbhi Jyoti and Adaa Khan join Nia Sharma and Rashami Desai for Naagin 4's grand finale; see pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/surbhi-jyoti-and-adaa-khan-join-nia-sharma-and-rashami-desai-for-naagin-4s-grand-finale-see-pics/photostory/77237694.cms |access-date=29 July 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=29 July 2020}}</ref> In 2022, she returned to play the role of Shesha in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin: Basant Panchami Special]]''. In 2023, she played the role of Shesha once again in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]''.

== Media image ==
[[File:Adaa Khan attends 10th-anniversary bash of Viacom 18 Motion Pictures (18).jpg|thumb|upright|Khan in 2018]]

In 2018, Khan was placed tenth in ''[[The Times of India]]'''s Most Desirable Women on Television list.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Most Desirable Woman on Television 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-tops-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv-2018/articleshow/69281775.cms |url-status=live |access-date= |website=The Times of India |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806120324/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-tops-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv-2018/amp_articleshow/69281775.cms }}</ref> Khan is a celebrity endorser for brands such as [[ITC Limited|Vivel]] and [[Tide (brand)|Tide]].<ref name="BT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bombaytimes.com/events/cricket-reality-show-players-rock-their-holi-bash/articleshow/63185251.cms |title=Cricket reality show players rock their Holi bash |access-date=6 March 2018 |work=Bombay Times |date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224201447/https://www.bombaytimes.com/events/cricket-reality-show-players-rock-their-holi-bash/articleshow/63185251.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> She is also widely known for her style and fashion sense.<ref>{{cite news|title=Adaa Khan: Making a strong style statement|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/adaa-khan-interview-fashion/|newspaper=Eastern Eye|access-date=31 March 2024| date=25 March 2024|author=Neelam Mistry-Thaker}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Palampur Express]]''
| Vigya
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Adaa 1" />
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Behenein]]''
| Aakashi Shastri
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Amrit Manthan]]''
| Princess Amrit Kaur Sodhi / Rajjo
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |title=Rape survivor to ghost-buster: Adaa Khan's best episodic roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rape-survivor-to-ghost-buster-Adaa-Khans-best-episodic-roles/photostory/46250413.cms?picid=46533771 |access-date=20 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=15 February 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2013
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| Subbalaxmi
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Adaa 3" />
|-
| ''[[Savdhaan India]]''
| Pooja Saxena / Sneha Mulle / Malti Anmol Shah
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Adaa 4" />
|-
| ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol Dastak]]''
| Nusrat Kazmi
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TOI" />
|-
| ''[[Fear Files]]''
| Sofia
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TOI" />
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014
| ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki| Welcome 2 – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]''
| Contestant
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aashka-Goradia-Adaa-Khan-JD-Majethia-Nandish-Sandhu-and-Pooja-Gupta-in-Welcome-2-Baazi-Mehmaan-Nawaazi-Ki/articleshow/33166061.cms |title=Welcome 2 – Baazi Mehmaan Nawaazi Ki: Aashka, Adaa, JD, Nandish to spice up Welcome! |date=3 April 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Encounter (Indian TV series)|Encounter]]''
| Sonali
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Encounter-Adaa-Khan-Aditya-Redij-Rohit-Khurana-and-Rajesh-Shringharpure-to-feature-in-the-first-episode-of-Encounter-on-Sony-TV/articleshow/33543516.cms |title=Known names in the first episode of Encounter |date=10 April 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Piya Basanti Re]]''
| Piya Patel
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last=Trivedi |first=Tanvi |date=4 December 2014 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Adaa-Khan-to-play-a-maid-in-Piya-Basanti-Re/articleshow/42628267.cms |title=Adaa Khan to play a maid in Piya Basanti Re |work=The Times of India |access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2015
| ''Box Cricket League 1''
| Contestant
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/ |title=Box Cricket League Teams: BCL 2014 Team Details With TV Actors & Names of Celebrities |work=india.com |access-date=14 December 2014 |date=14 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910025418/http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/ |archive-date=10 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015
| ''[[Code Red (Indian TV series)|Code Red]]''
| Zarina / Aafreen Murtaza
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last=Maheshwri |first=Neha |date=10 February 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Adaa-Khan-to-play-a-prostitute/articleshow/46174668.cms |title=Adaa Khan to play a prostitute |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]''
| Host
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last=Maheshwri |first=Neha |date=6 February 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Adaa-Khan-to-host-The-Great-Indian-Family-Drama/articleshow/46144997.cms |title=Adaa Khan to host The Great Indian Family Drama |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rishton Ka Mela]]''
| Shruti
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Naagin reunion: Adaa Khan meets her BFF Aashka Goradia after a long time; shares fun pictures |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/naagin-reunion-adaa-khan-meets-her-bff-aashka-goradia-after-a-long-time-shares-fun-pictures/articleshow/69465034.cms |access-date=20 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=23 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2017
| ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''
| Contestant
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title='Naagin' Fame Adaa Khan to Host 'Comedy Nights Bachao' with Karan Wahi |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-naagin-fame-adaa-khan-to-host-comedy-nights-bachao-with-karan-wahi-5312466-PHO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509103129/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-naagin-fame-adaa-khan-to-host-comedy-nights-bachao-with-karan-wahi-5312466-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 January 2021 |work=dailybhaskar |date=30 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''
| Shesha/ Visarpi

| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Adaa Khan in Naagin 2">{{cite news |last=Maheshwri |first=Neha |date=8 August 2016 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Adaa-Khan-in-Naagin-2/articleshow/53584556.cms |title=Adaa Khan in Naagin 2 |work=The Times of India |access-date=8 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2016–2017
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''
| Shesha / Ruchika
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/playing-naagin-is-challenging-for-adaa-khan/ |title=Playing Naagin is challenging for Adaa Khan |date=25 December 2015 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018–2019
| ''[[Kanpur Wale Khuranas]]''
| Mrs. Pramod Kumar
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kaur |first1=Gurpreet |title=FIRST LOOK: Kunal Kemmu, Adaa Khan and Ali Asgar shoot for Sunil Grover's 'Kanpur Wale Khuranas' |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/buzz/news/23526/FIRST-LOOK-Kunal-Kemmu-Adaa-Khan-and-Ali-Asgar-shoot-for-Sunil-Grovers-Kanpur-Wale-Khuranas.html |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=Peeping Moon |date=20 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara]]''
| Sitara Shekhawat / Sitara Viraj Singh / Vishtara
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Sitara" />
|-
|2020
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''
| Contestant
| <ref name="Khatron Ke Khiladi 1">{{cite news |url=https://www.abplive.in/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-10-naagin-vish-ya-amrit-sitara-actress-adaa-khan-in-rohit-shettys-show-1015262 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 10: 'Naagin' & 'Sitara' actress Adaa Khan to PARTICIPATE in Rohit Shetty's show? |work=ABP |date=18 June 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717193942/https://www.abplive.in/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-10-naagin-vish-ya-amrit-sitara-actress-adaa-khan-in-rohit-shettys-show-1015262 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Naagin 6]]''
| Shesha/Sasha Suri
|<ref>{{cite news |title=The very first Naagin actress Adaa Khan is back in Naagin 6. She talks about the show and her journey so far |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/the-very-first-naagin-actress-adaa-khan-is-back-in-naagin-6-she-talks-about-the-show-and-her-journey-so-far-472603 |access-date=11 June 2023 |work=Tribune |date=22 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]''
| Sakhi Warge
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Adaa Khan roped in to play a socially impactful role in 'Wagle Ki Duniya' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/adaa-khan-roped-in-to-play-a-socially-impactful-role-in-wagle-ki-duniya-23291706 |access-date=11 June 2023 |work=Mid-day |agency=IANS |date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==== Special appearances ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]''
| Akashi
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Junoon – Aisi Nafrat Toh Kaisa Ishq]]''
| rowspan="2" | Amrit
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Kaisa Yeh Ishq Hai... Ajab Sa Risk Hai]]''
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Ek Rishta Aisa Bhi]]''
| rowspan="2" | Pia
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015
| ''[[Yeh Dil Sun Raha Hai]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]''
| rowspan="2" | Shesha
|
|-
| ''[[Balika Vadhu]]''
|
|-
|''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8]]''
| rowspan="8" | Herself
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss 9]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2016
| ''[[Yeh Vaada Raha (TV series)|Yeh Vaada Raha]]''
|
|-
|''Box Cricket League 2''
|
|-
|''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''
|
|-
|''[[Comedy Classes]]''
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017
| ''[[Waaris (2016 TV series)|Waaris]]''
|
|-
|''[[Pardes Mein Hai Mera Dil]]''
|Ahana
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| rowspan="2" | Herself
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abplive.in/television/good-news-naagin-actress-adaa-khan-to-enter-star-plus-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-652117 |title=GOOD NEWS ! Naagin actress Adaa Khan to ENTER STAR Plus' 'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai' |date=16 February 2018 |work=ABP |access-date=4 February 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415003743/https://www.abplive.in/television/good-news-naagin-actress-adaa-khan-to-enter-star-plus-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-652117 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[India's Next Superstars]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 3]]''
| Shesha
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''
| rowspan="2" | Herself
|
|-
|''Kitchen Champion 5''
|
|-
| 2020
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 5]]''
| Shesha
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022
|''[[Bigg Boss 15]]''
| Herself
|
|-
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin : Basant Panchami Special]]''
|Shesha
|
|-
|''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| Tamanna
|
|-
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2022
| ''Shubh Mangal Mein Dangal''
| Mitali
|
|-
| ''Ratri Ke Yatri''
| Meera
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/video/adaa-khan-shakti-arora-speak-about-their-new-web-series-ratri-ke-yatri-season-1851120-2021-09-09 | title=Adaa Khan, Shakti Arora speak about their new web series Ratri Ke Yatri Season 2 | date=9 September 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Hasratein''
| Karuna
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/playing-karuna-in-hasratein-was-challenging-says-adaa-khan/articleshow/95955166.cms | title=Playing Karuna in 'Hasratein' was challenging, says Adaa Khan | newspaper=The Times of India | date=3 December 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To''
| Anika Guleria/ Dr. Amrita
|-
|2025
|Yuva crime files
|-
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
|''Kde Kde''
|Harvi
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Kde Kde song by Harvi - Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/song/kde-kde |language=en |access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''Mohabbat Phir Ho Jayegi''
|[[Yasser Desai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=12 March 2021 |title=Adaa Khan: Hope trend of music videos continues |url=https://www.siasat.com/adaa-khan-hope-trend-of-music-videos-continues-2108542/ |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Jugni''
|[[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Jugni {{!}} Divya Kumar {{!}} Adaa Khan {{!}} Avinash Chouhan {{!}} Adil-Prashant - Times Music | date=18 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eX_2RoHLnrE |language=en |access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''Door Ho Gaya''
|[[Akhil Sachdeva]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Door Ho Gaya song by Akhil Sachdeva - JioSaavn |date=20 October 2021 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/door-ho-gaya/ACJGAw59Z2w |language=en-US |access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''Aaram De''
|[[Ankit Tiwari]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Aaram De - Ankit Tiwari & Adaa Khan {{!}} Sandeep Nath {{!}} Zee Music Originals | date=9 February 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YABYuCTmbiI |language=en |access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''Tera Hoya Deewana''
|Deep Money
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adaa Khan goes back to school in Deep Money's 'Tera Hoya Deewana' music video |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/television/watch-naagin-actress-adaa-khan-goes-back-to-school-in-deep-moneys-tera-hoya-deewana-music-video |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Baariish Ke Mausam''
|Deedar Kaur, Biswajit Ghosh
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Adaa Khan, Bishwajit Ghosh collaborate for single 'Baariish Ke Mausam' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/adaa-khan-bishwajit-ghosh-collaborate-for-single-baariish-ke-mausam/articleshow/93523202.cms |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Ho Gaya Hai Tere Naal Pyar''
|[[Rajdeep Chatterjee]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Raj Anadkat, Adaa Khan exude love in 'Ho Gaya Hai Naal Tere Pyar' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/raj-anadkat-adaa-khan-exude-love-in-ho-gaya-hai-naal-tere-pyar/articleshow/94295092.cms |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=19 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Award
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Category
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Show
!Ref.
|-
|2013
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role#Jury Award|Best Actress in a Negative Role (Jury)]]
|Amrit
|''[[Amrit Manthan]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2013 |title=Indian Telly Awards 2013 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/indian-telly-awards-2013/photo-4Ry7w2QdRUunt3yWvqCiMK.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2016
| [[Boroplus Gold Awards|Gold Awards]]
|Best Actress in a Negative Role (Critics)
|Shesha
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gold Awards 2016 Winners: Complete list of winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/gold-awards/2016/114 |access-date=3 July 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2017
| [[Boroplus Gold Awards|Gold Awards]]
| Best Actress in a Negative Role (Critics)
|Shesha
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gold Awards 2017 Winners: Complete list of winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/gold-awards/2017/114 |access-date=3 July 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|Landmark Performance
|Shesha
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=ITA Awards 2021: Surbhi Chandna, Shweta Tiwari, Adaa Khan And Other Celebs At The Gala |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/tv/ita-awards-2021-surbhi-chandna-shweta-tiwari-adaa-khan-and-other-celebs-at-the-gala-3436013.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |work=News18 |date= 15 February 2021}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Hindi television actresses]]
*[[List of Indian television actresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|7787948}}
* {{Instagram|adaakhann}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Adaa Khan
| list =
{{Indian Telly Award Best Negative Actress}}
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Adaa}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]

Harp Farmer

2026-02-07T19:38:08Z

Vernell29N: edit

{{Short description|Indian actor, director, producer and photographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Harp Farmer
| image = Harp Farmer wiki.jpg
| birth_name = Harpreet Singh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1984|12|06}}
| occupation = Farmer, Actor, Director, Producer, Photographer
| parents =
| spouse = Amber Kaur Farmer
| website = [http://harpfarmer.com/ Harpfarmer.com]
}}
'''Harp Farmer''' born '''Harpreet Singh Parmar''' is an actor, director, producer, and photographer based in [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/people-in-the-city/story-WsEV87GEM8lyIHeO7v2fbM.html|title=People in the city|date=10 July 2013|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/gyan-zone/the-creative-streak/240979.html|title=The creative streak|date=24 May 2016|work=The Tribune|archive-date=7 April 2019|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121313/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/gyan-zone/the-creative-streak/240979.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He completed his higher secondary education from DAV College, Jalandhar and then did his [[Bachelor of Computer Application]] from Apeejay College of Fine Arts, [[Jalandhar]] and Masters of Science in Advance Software Technology from [[International Institute of Information Technology, Pune]].

== Personal life ==
Harp is married to [[Amber Kaur Farmer]] and the couple has a daughter [[Sagal Kaur Farmer]] and son [[Ajitt Singh Farmer]]. Family members are Father (Sardar Piara Singh), Mother (Sardarni Darshan Kaur), Harp Farmer, His wife (Amber Farmer) Children Son Ajitt and Daughter Sagal<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.trendpunjabi.com/harp-farmer-biography/|title='Harp Farmer' Family members|date=4 December 2020|work=Trend Punjabi}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his career as a photographer and his first photography exhibition was organized on 9 April 2012 at [[Punjab Agricultural University]], [[Ludhiana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120405/ldh1.htm|title='Harp Farmer' to unveil photography exhibition|date=5 April 2012|work=Ludhiana Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Harpreet-to-paint-Punjab-Agricultural-University-with-colours-of-Punjab/articleshow/12525907.cms|title=Harpreet to paint Punjab Agricultural University with 'colours of Punjab'|date=4 April 2012|work=The Times of India City}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120410/ldh1.htm|title=Punjab countryside beauty to the fore|date=10 April 2012|work=Ludhiana Tribune}}</ref> Subsequently, three more exhibitions were held, one was at Thakur Art Gallery, [[Amritsar]] and the second one at [[Alliance Française]], Chandigarh in the year 2013<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/harp-ing-on-tradition/story-2qZWnSrkPHQhOurYDlgtAM.html|title='Harp'ing on tradition|date=12 April 2013|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130412/ttlife1.htm|title=Of fields & feelings Software engineer Harpreet Singh has found his passion in photography and he has gone back to the roots to create magic…|date=12 April 2013|work=Tribune LifeStyle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/how-green-is-my-valley/1102427/|title=How Green is My Valley|date=15 April 2013|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allevents.in/events/colors-of-panjaab-a-photo-exhibition-by-harp-farmer/563085547047842|title=Colors of Panjaab – A Photo Exhibition by Harp Farmer|work=allevents.in|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820210949/http://allevents.in/events/colors-of-panjaab-a-photo-exhibition-by-harp-farmer/563085547047842|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.desiqube.com/home/2013/09/colors-of-punjab/|title=Colors of Punjab|date=25 September 2013|work=Desi Qube|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819213737/http://www.desiqube.com/home/2013/09/colors-of-punjab/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and third one that concluded at Kala Bhawan, Chandigarh in June 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newznew.com/harp-farmer-holds-photography-exhibition-colors-panjaab/|title=Harp Farmer holds a photography exhibition – "Colors of Panjaab"|date=25 June 2016|work=Newz New}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pagalparrot.com/colors-of-panjaab-a-pictorial-display-of-the-beauty-of-punjab-by-harp-farmer.html/|title=Colors of Panjaab ~ A Pictorial Display of the Beauty of Punjab By Harp Farmer|date=26 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://121newsonlines.blogspot.in/2016/06/harp-farmer-holds-photography.html|title=Harp Farmer Holds Photography Exhibition 'Colors of Panjaab':To Highlight The True Colurs of Punjab|date=27 June 2016|work=121 News}}</ref> He is quite famous for his self-portraits depicting farmers of Punjab. Each portrait brings out the simplicity of the rural Punjab.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pagalparrot.com/5-things-youll-only-get-if-your-guy-has-a-beard/|title=5 Things You'll Only Get If Your Guy Has A Beard – Harp Farmer|date=1 June 2016|work=Pagal Parrot|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620023306/http://www.pagalparrot.com/5-things-youll-only-get-if-your-guy-has-a-beard/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In February 2016, Harp Farmer Pictures released a new song called "Manmaaniyan" composed and sung by Dev Sangha featuring Harp Farmer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thewordlyconfusion.com/2017/02/manmaaniyan-punjabi-song-dev-sangha-harp-farmer/ |title=Manmaaniyan : Latest Punjabi Song by Dev Sangha featuring Harp Farmer |access-date=11 February 2017 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211160700/http://www.thewordlyconfusion.com/2017/02/manmaaniyan-punjabi-song-dev-sangha-harp-farmer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Filmography/Discography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
!Movie/Song
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="6" |2016
|Vair
|Movie
|Fateh
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|[[Post-production]]
|-
|[[Kawela]]
|Movie
|Inspector Karamveer
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|2017
|-
|[[Bambukat]]
|Movie
|Cameo
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|2016
|-
|A Day in the World of World Feeder
|Movie
|Male Lead
|English, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|Docu-Drama by Alex Singh
|-
|Crease By Tarsem Jassar Feat. Harp Farmer
|Song
|Supporting Role
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|Featuring
|-
|[[Love Marriage Feat. Harp Farmer]]
|Song
|Supporting Role
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|Featuring
|-
|2015
|Sahaan Varga single by Salina Shelly Feat. Harp Farmer
|Song
|Male Lead
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|2015
|-
|2014
|[[Shukeen Jatt]] single by Anmol Gagan Mann Feat. Harp Farmer
|Song
|Male Lead
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|2014
|}

== Harp Farmer Pictures ==
He has started his own music record label, under his own production, Harp Farmer Pictures.
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Song
!Language
!Singer
|-
| rowspan="5" |2015–2016
|Dildaar
| rowspan="5" |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|Harmehar Singh
|-
|Love Marriage
|Jagir Singh
|-
|Jatt Brand
|Ricky Singh
|-
|Meri Boli
|Manmeet Bains
|-
|All Night
|Joe Sekhon
|}

== Controversies ==
In May 2016, Harp started Stop Defaming Punjab campaign which urged people to fight against the propagation that more than 70% of the people of Punjab were into substance abuse in one form or the other. He drew a lot of flak for the campaign and was criticized by those who either had vested interests or had not actually understood the message. He was accused of being a mouthpiece for the ruling party which is thought to be primarily responsible for the widespread usage of drugs in the state. There was much hue and cry criticizing the campaign, though, individuals including renowned artists and a number of NGOs came forward to uphold the cause.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://businesswireindia.com/news/news-details/lipi-foundation-joins-harp-farmer-his-campaign-against-negative-stereotyping-punjabis/48953|title=Lipi Foundation Joins Harp Farmer in his Campaign Against Negative Stereotyping of Punjabis|date=9 June 2016|work=Business Wire India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Lipi-Foundation-joins-Harp-Farmer-in-campaign-against-negative-stereotyping-of-Punjabis/articleshow/52685190.cms|title=Lipi Foundation joins Harp Farmer in campaign against negative stereotyping of Punjabis|date=10 June 2016|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://prfeed.in/2016/06/lipi-foundation-joins-harp-farmer-in-his-campaign-against-negative-stereotyping-of-punjabis.html|title=Lipi Foundation Joins Harp Farmer in his Campaign Against Negative Stereotyping of Punjabis|date=9 June 2016|work=Press Release India|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919052714/http://prfeed.in/2016/06/lipi-foundation-joins-harp-farmer-in-his-campaign-against-negative-stereotyping-of-punjabis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.apherald.com/Business/ViewArticle/132175/Harp-Farmer-s-Mission-Stop-Defaming-Punjab%E2%80%9D-Gone-Viral/|title=Harp Farmer's Mission "Stop Defaming Punjab" Gone Viral|date=4 June 2016|work=India Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://punjabtribune.com/harp-farmers-mission-stop-defaming-punjab-gone-viral.html|title=Harp Farmer's Mission "Stop Defaming Punjab" Gone Viral|date=4 June 2016|work=Punjabi Tribune|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709063251/http://punjabtribune.com/harp-farmers-mission-stop-defaming-punjab-gone-viral.html|archivedate=9 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/gyan-zone/what-a-solution/249101.html|title=What a solution!|date=10 June 2016|work=The Tribune|archive-date=7 April 2019|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121255/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/gyan-zone/what-a-solution/249101.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://channelsatrang.com/music/harp-farmer-in-new-controversy/|title=HARP FARMER IN NEW CONTROVERSY|date=31 May 2016|work=Channel Satrang|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819105724/http://channelsatrang.com/music/harp-farmer-in-new-controversy/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Prior to that, he, along with Ankur Singh Patar had pulled up a cellphone company for using his creation in an unauthorized manner.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/story/178338.html|title=Mobile firm accused of plagiarism|date=2 January 2016|work=The Tribune|archive-date=7 April 2019|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121307/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/story/178338.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2020 Farmer was a supporter of the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|protests by Indian farmers]] against new farm laws and complained that his image was being used on posters promoting the new laws.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/punjabi-actor-protesting-at-delhi-s-singhu-border-is-poster-boy-of-punjab-bjp/story-dHbsMxCr363vnFY0PwcOaP.html "Punjabi actor protesting at Delhi’s Singhu border is poster boy of Punjab BJP", Parteek Singh Mahal, [[Hindustan Times]], 2020-12-22</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://harpfarmer.com/}}
*[https://www.instagram.com/harpfarmer/ Instagram]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Farmer, Harp}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hoshiarpur]]
[[Category:Male actors in Punjabi cinema]]

Churachandpur district

2026-02-07T01:54:47Z

Vernell29N: Content updated and refined

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Churachandpur district<ref name="history">{{Cite web |title = History |publisher=Churachandpur District administration, Government of Manipur, India |url=https://churachandpur.nic.in/about-district/history/ |access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
| settlement_type = District
| image_skyline = Churachandpur in Manipur (India).svg
| image_alt = Location of Churachandpur district in Manipur
| image_caption = Location of Churachandpur district in Manipur
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|20|N|93|41|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Churachandpur]]<ref name="About">{{Cite web |title = About District |publisher=Churachandpur District administration, Government of Manipur, India |url=https://churachandpur.nic.in/about-district/ |access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 2
| area_total_km2 = 2392
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 914.4
| elevation_point = District headquarters
| population_total = 300,000+
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 59
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{Cite web |title=Census of India: Provisional Population Totals and Data Products – Census 2011: Manipur |publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2011 |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__manipur.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007014257/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__manipur.html |archive-date=7 October 2011}}</ref>
| population_blank1_title = Percent of state
| population_blank1 = 9.97%<ref name="census" />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 795128,<ref>{{Cite web |title = Pin Code: 795128, List of Post Offices, Churachandpur, Manipur |website=pincode.net.in |url=https://pincode.net.in/795128}}</ref>
795006
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03874
| registration_plate = MN 02
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 969 females per 1000 males<ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Literacy (2001)
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy Rate]]
| demographics1_info1 = 84.29%<ref name="census" /> (Rank 2/9)
| demographics1_title2 = Literacy by gender
| demographics1_info2 = {{ubl|Male 88.34%<ref name="census" />| Female 80.13%<ref name="census" />}}
| demographics_type2 = Language(s)
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = [[Meitei language|Meitei (Manipuri)]]{{efn|[[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]]) is the official language of [[Manipur]]. Other regional languages of different places in [[Manipur]] may either be predominantly spoken or not in their respective places but "Meitei" is officially used.}}<ref name=langoff>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=78 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=16 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2012 }}</ref>
| demographics2_title2 = Regional
| demographics2_info2 = [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]
| website = {{URL|https://churachandpur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Churachandpur district'''<ref name="history"/> ([[Meitei language|Meitei pronunciation]]: ''/tʃʊraːˌtʃaːnɗpʊr/''), is one of the 16 [[List of districts of Manipur|districts]] of the Indian state of [[Manipur]] populated mainly by Kuki[[Kuki people|-Zo people]]. The name honours former Maharaja [[Churachand Singh|Sir Churachand Singh]] of [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dr. Siamkhum |first=Th |title=The Paites |publisher=Notion Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-83416-22-6 |location=First |pages=101}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Churachandpur District, Government of Manipur {{!}} India |url=https://churachandpur.nic.in/about-district/history/ |access-date=2023-11-19}}</ref> The district headquarters is located in the [[Churachandpur]] town.<ref name="IE Lamka">
{{citation |author=Sukrit Baruah |title=Amid ongoing violence, why there is an open challenge to the name of Manipur's Churachandpur |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/manipur-churachandpur-lamka-kuki-zomi-meitei-history-8820659/}}
</ref>

The Churachandpur district first came into being as the South-West Area hill subdivision of Manipur in 1919.{{sfnp|Chishti, Political Development in Manipur|2005|p=45}} It soon acquired the name "Churachandpur subdivision" based on its headquarters at [[Songpi]], which was also called "Churachandpur". After the [[independence of India]], it remained one of the eight subdivisions of Manipur.{{sfnp|Manipur Administrative Atlas|2005|p=12}} A "New Churachandpur" town was built at the present location to serve as its headquarters. In 1969, the subdivision was upgraded to a district, initially called "Manipur South" and later "Churachandpur district".{{sfnp|Manipur Administrative Atlas|2005|pp=17–22}} In 2016, the western part of the district consisting of the [[Tipaimukh]] and [[Thanlon]] subdivisions has been made a separate district called [[Pherzawl district|Pherzawl]], and the rump territory remains Churachandpur district.<ref name="More districts in Manipur">Khelen Thokchom, [https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/more-districts-in-manipur/cid/1403137 More districts in Manipur], The Telegraph (Kolkata), 9 December 2016. {{ProQuest|2290178396}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:MANIPUR district map.svg|thumb|right|275px|2011 district map of Manipur; the Churachandpur district was divided into the present Churachandpur district and Pherzawl district in 2016]]
As per the 2011 census, the Churachandpur district covered an area of {{convert|4520|km2|sqmi}} at the south-western part of the Manipur state.{{sfnp|Churachadpur District Census Handbook|2011|p=19}} At that time, the Tipaimukh and Thanlon subdivisions were part of the district, which are now separated into the [[Pherzawl district]].<ref name="More districts in Manipur"/> The two districts together form the jurisdiction of the Churachandpur Autonomous District Council (ADC).

=== Census towns ===
There are three census towns in Churachandpur District:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://churachandpur.nic.in/census-towns/ |title=Towns | Churachandpur District, Government of Manipur | India}}</ref>
* [[Rengkai]]
* [[Zenhang Lamka]]
* [[Hill town, Churachandpur|Hill town]]

=== Villages ===


*[[B.Aijalon]]
*[[Ngaloi]]
* New Lamka
* [[Bungmual]]
* [[Henglep]]
* Hiangtam Lamka
* [[Kangvai]]
* [[Peniel, Manipur|Peniel]]
* [[Saikawt]]
* [[Sielmat]]
* [[Singngat]]
* [[Tuibong]]

== Demographics ==
{{Historical population
| source = [[Census of India]]<ref name="censusindia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=A-2 Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701220701/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |archive-date=1 July 2014}}</ref>
| footnote = 2011 Churachandpur district (includes present [[Pherzawl district]])
| 1951 | 44496
| 1961 | 66304
| 1971 | 100418
| 1981 | 134494
| 1991 | 176184
| 2001 | 227905
| 2011 | 274143
}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]], Churachandpur district had a population of 274,143,<ref name="census.co.in">{{cite web |url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title = District Census 2011 |accessdate =30 September 2011 |year = 2011 |publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 575th in India (out of a total of [[List of districts in India|640]] districts).<ref name="census.co.in" /> It has a population density of {{convert|60|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name="census.co.in" /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 20.29%.<ref name="census.co.in" /> Churachandpur has a sex ratio of 975 females for every 1000 males,<ref name="census.co.in" /> and a literacy rate of 84.29%.<ref name="census.co.in" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indiamapia.com/Churachandpur.html |title = Churachandpur Pin Code list, Population density, literacy rate and total Area with census 2011 details}}</ref> Most of the people who live in the district are [[Kuki-Zo people]].<ref name="Hindu 6 Aug 2023">{{cite news |title=Amid fresh clashes in Manipur, ITLF leaders to meet Amit Shah |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 August 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amit-shah-kuki-zo-leaders-to-meet-in-delhi-for-talks-arranged-by-mizoram-cm-more-central-forces-rushed-to-manipur/article67164935.ece }}</ref> The composition of [[scheduled tribes]] in the 2011 district is as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Population<ref>{{citation |title=A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix), Manipur – 2011 |date=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43013 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India}}</ref>
!Percentage
of Total Pop.
|-
|All Scheduled Tribes
|254,787
|92.9%
|-
|Kuki-Zo tribes{{efn|The Kuki-Zo tribes include [[Gangte people|Gangte]], [[Hmar people|Hmar]], [[Paite people|Paite]], [[Simte people|Simte]], [[Sukte people|Sukte]], [[Thadou people|Thadou]], [[Vaiphei people|Vaiphei]], [[Zou people|Zou]], and some smaller tribes designated as "Any Kuki" and "Any Lushai ([[Mizo people|Mizo]])".}}
|238,547
|87.0%
|-
|Naga tribes{{efn|The Naga tribes include [[Angami Naga|Angami]], [[Kabui people|Kabui]], [[Kacha Naga]], [[Mao people (India)|Mao]], [[Maram people|Maram]], [[Poumai people|Poumai]], [[Sümi Naga|Sema]] and [[Tangkhul people|Tangkhul]].}}
|1,148
|1.1%
|-
|Old Kuki/Naga{{Efn|The Old Kuki tribes retaining the Kuki classification include: Aimol, Chiru, Kom, Koireng, Kharam, and Ralte. The tribes under the Naga umbrella include: Anal, Chothe, Koirao, Lamkang, Maring, Moyon, Monsang, Purum and Tarao.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kom |first=Ch. Sekholal |date=June 2015 |title=Ethno-nationalism: Competing Micro-nationalist Dissents in Manipur |journal=Social Change |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=289–307 |doi=10.1177/0049085715574192 |s2cid=147919896 |issn=0049-0857}}</ref>}}
|7,716
|2.8%
|}
Apart from the scheduled tribes, the district is populated by Meities, Nepalese, Biharis, Marwaris, and Punjabis, amounting to roughly 7% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demography {{!}} Churachandpur District, Government of Manipur {{!}} India |url=https://churachandpur.nic.in/about-district/demography/ |access-date=2023-09-30}}</ref>

Christianity is the majority(93%) religion in Churachandpur. Hinduism is the second largest (4%) religion. Then there are followers of Islam (1%), Sikh, Buddhist, Jain and other religions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Churachandpur District Religion Data – Hindu/Muslim |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/372-churachandpur.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Educational facilities ==

=== Colleges ===
* Churachandpur Medical College, Hiangtam Lamka
* [[Churachandpur Government College]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Churachandpur College |url=https://www.churachandpurcollege.edu.in/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=www.churachandpurcollege.edu.in}}</ref> Hiangtam Lamka
* Lamka College, New Lamka

==== Private Colleges ====
*[[Rayburn College]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rayburncollege.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903203844/http://rayburncollege.org/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=3 September 2011 |title=Rayburn College – Learn {{!}} Labor {{!}} Serve|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
*[[VK Tawna College]]
*[Bethany Christian College]

==== Theological Colleges ====
*Evangelical College of Theology, NehruMarg
*Trinity College of Seminary,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trinitycollegeandseminary.org/|title=Trinity College & Seminary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007152829/https://trinitycollegeandseminary.org/|archive-date=7 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sielmat
*Sielmat Bible College,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ici.net.in/projects/sbc.html |title = SBC – Independent Church of India}}</ref> [[Sielmat]]
*Grace Bible College, New Lamka

=== Government High School ===
*Rengkai Government Higher Secondary School<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://schools.org.in/churachandpur/14030100101/rengkai-govt-hr-sec-school.html |title = RENGKAI GOVT. HR. SEC SCHOOL – Rengkai, District Churachandpur (Manipur)}}</ref>
*Lanva Model High School, Lanva
*New-Lamka Upper Primary School

===Private School===
*Rayburn High, New Lamka
*Ebenezer Academy, New Lamka
*St.Paul Institute, New Lamka
*The Pathway School, Central Lamka

=== Private Universities ===
*[[Sangai International University]], Rengkai Road

== Health ==
District Hospital Churachandpur is located within Churachandpur town. Initially, it was a dispensary with few staffs and in the year 1968, it became a 50 bedded Civil Hospital which was inaugurated by Shri Baleswar Prasad, Chief Commissioner of Manipur on 8 June 1968. The hospital was extended with another 50 bedded new building inaugurated on 17 May 1985 by the Medical Minister Shri T. Phungzathang Tonsing and became a 100 bedded one. The present Building OPD block was inaugurated on 31 May 2002, O.T wing on 23 December 2013, and the Trauma Centre on 19 July 2014 by the Hon'ble Chief Minister in presence of the Health Minister and the Industries Minister. The Government of Manipur approved upgrading the hospital to a 200 bedded ward and started the process of making it a Hill Medical College under the leadership of Hon'ble Medical Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dtc-scheme.in/dtc-churachandpur.aspx |title=Scheme for Strengthening of Drug De-Addiction Services |website=dtc-scheme.in|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref>

== Economy ==
[[File:Khuga dam.JPG|thumb|Khuga Dam in 2006<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://churachandpur.nic.in/tourist-place/khuga-dam/ |title = Khuga Dam | Churachandpur District, Government of Manipur | India}}</ref>]]
In 2006, the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Churachandpur one of the country's [[Poverty in India|most impoverished districts]] (out of a total of [[List of districts in India|640]]).<ref name="brgf">{{cite web |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Plural Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archivedate=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead |accessdate=27 September 2011}}</ref> It is one of the three districts in Manipur currently{{when|date=January 2018}} receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]] (BRGF).<ref name="brgf" />

== Climate ==
The location is north of [[Tropic of Cancer]] in northern hemisphere, it has summer season in March, April and May with warm, hot and sunny weather. Rainy season starts April and last till October. The winter season is cool and dry.
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="13" |'''Climate data for Churachandpur'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/in/hiangtam-lamka/3336159/weather-forecast/3336159 |title=Weather |website=accuweather.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207062430/https://www.accuweather.com/en/in/hiangtam-lamka/3336159/weather-forecast/3336159 |archive-date=7 February 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|Month
|Jan
|Feb
|Mar
|Apr
|May
|Jun
|July
|Aug
|Sep
|Oct
|Nov
|Dec
|-
|'''High °C'''
|27
| 28
|36
|36
|34
|39
|37
|39
|38
|34
|32
|28
|-
|'''Low °C'''
| 7
| 4
|14
|18
|21
|22
|24
|25
|22
|19
|16
|8
|}

== Transportation ==

=== Airport ===
Nearest airport from Churachandpur is [[Imphal International Airport|Imphal Airport]] at Imphal which is about 60 km. However, during the [[2023 Manipur violence]], Imphal Airport was considered dangerous for some, and so the alternative route out was a 380 km, 14-hour drive to [[Aizawl]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-12 |title=Manipur: Murders and mayhem tearing apart an Indian state|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66086142 |access-date=2023-07-16}}</ref>

== Media ==
Major private television channels/cables are :

• Angels Vision Digital Cable

• Hornbill Cable Network

• Skynet

• TC Network

• Tullou TV.

== Government, Politics and Administration ==
Administration is carried out by the Deputy Commissioners or District Magistrates with support of the District level officer and Block Development officers. The [[District Collector (India)|district collector]] office is located at Tuibong Town.

The administrative setup of Churachandpur District.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://churachandpur.nic.in/administrative-setup/ |title=administrative set-up of the district |publisher=Churachandpur District Administration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207071018/https://churachandpur.nic.in/administrative-setup/ |archive-date=7 February 2020}}</ref>

# Sub Divisions & Blocks
# Autonomous District Councils
# Towns
# Police Stations
# Assembly Constituencies

===Autonomous district council ===
At the district level, there is the '''Churachandpur Autonomous District Council''' created by "The Manipur (Hill Areas) District Council Act, 1971," passed by the [[Parliament of India]]. The [[Autonomous District Council]] is to administer areas which have been given autonomy within the [[States and union territories of India|states]] under Manipur (Hill Areas) District Councils Act, 1971. In accordance with this Act, the Autonomous (Hill) District Council is empowered to maintain and manage of property: movable and immovable, and institutions under their jurisdiction.{{sfnp|Comprehensive details|2015|loc=Sec. Administration of Hill Areas (Tribal areas)}}
Churachandpur Autonomous District Council has 24 constituencies.{{sfnp|Comprehensive details|2015|loc=Sec. ADC constituencies of Churachandpur}}

== See also ==

* [[List of populated places in Churachandpur district]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite web |title=Comprehensive details about Manipur State and its Environmental & Social Sensitivities |publisher=Government of Manipur |date=March 2015 |url=https://manipur.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/annexure-01-manipur-comprehensive.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910192621/https://manipur.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/annexure-01-manipur-comprehensive.pdf |archive-date=10 September 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Comprehensive details|2015}}}}
* {{citation |title=Churachandpur District Census Handbook |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Manipur |year=2001 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4407/1/38770_2001_CHU.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Churachadpur District Census Handbook|2001}}}}
* {{citation |title=Churachandpur District Census Handbook |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Manipur |year=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/846/download/36252/DH_2011_1403_PART_A_DCHB_CHURACHANDPUR.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Churachadpur District Census Handbook|2011}}}}
* {{citation |title=Manipur Administrative Atlas |publisher=Census of India, Government of India |year=2005 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4393/1/50276_2001_ADM.pdf|ref={{sfnref|Manipur Administrative Atlas|2005}}}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Chishti |first=S. M. A. W. |title=Political Development in Manipur, 1919–1949 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144521638.pdf |year=1979 |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University |via=core.ac.uk |degree=PhD |ref={{sfnref|Chishti, Political Development in Manipur|1979}}}}
** {{citation |last=Chishti |first=S. M. A. W. |title=Political Development in Manipur, 1919–1949 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMcxSM_ZO30C |year=2005 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-424-8 |ref={{sfnref|Chishti, Political Development in Manipur|2005}}}}
* {{citation |last=Pau |first=Pum Khan |title=Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2019 |isbn=9781000507454 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVmnDwAAQBAJ |ref={{sfnref|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019}}}}
* {{citation |first=Roluah |last=Puia |chapter=When boundaries matter: land, laws and territorial conflict in Manipur, Northeast India |editor1=Kedilezo Kikhi |editor2=Dharma Rakshit Gautam |title=Comprehending Equity |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2021 |isbn=9781003182726 |pages=98– |doi=10.4324/9781003182726-8 |s2cid=238794539 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/49356615 |via=Academia.edu |chapter-url-access=registration |ref={{sfnref|Puia, When boundaries matter|2021}}}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Ibochou Singh |first=Khwairakpam |title=British administration in Manipur 1891–1947 |journal=University |publisher=Gauhati University |via=Shodhganga |degree=PhD |year=1985 |hdl=10603/66697 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/66697 |ref={{sfnref|Ibochou Singh|British administration in Manipur|1985}}}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* The history and land-holding behind Manipur South District with Special Reference to the Haokip Reserved Land- 1907, T.S Letkhosei Haokip (Manipur University).
* Chinkhopau (1995) Churachandpur District, Churachandpur: Published by Author.
* ''District Statistical Handbook'' – Churachandpur: District Statistical Officer.
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [https://churachandpur.nic.in/ Churachandpur District Administration]
* [https://churachandpur.nic.in/administrative-setup/autonomous-district-council/ Churachandpur Autonomous District Council]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Churachandpur district
|North = [[Noney district]]
|Northeast = [[Bishnupur district]] [[Kangpokpi district]]
|East = [[Chandel district]]
|Southeast =
|South = Myanmar
|Southwest =
|West = [[Pherzawl district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Manipur}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Churachandpur District}}
[[Category:Churachandpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Manipur]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]

Ashwin Mushran

2026-02-06T07:41:40Z

Vernell29N: added info

{{short description|Indian actor and voice actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashwin Mushran
| birth_name = Ashwin Mushran
| image =
| birth_date = [[Mumbai]] [[Maharashtra]] [[India]]
| education = [[Delhi world public school]]
| alma_mater = [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]] [[Drama Studio London]]
| citizenship = [[Indian passport|Indian]]<ref name="kashmiri">{{cite tweet |last=Mushran |first=Ashwin |user=ashwinmushran |date=Feb 26, 2015 |number=570801600559599617 |access-date=Jul 26, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726064628/https://twitter.com/ashwinmushran/status/570801600559599617?lang=en |archive-date=Jul 26, 2022 |title=My dad is Kashmiri Pandit, mom half English, half German, Sister is married to a Marwadi & my wife is a Goan Bombay girl...Yeah! I'm Indian! |lang=en }}</ref>
| occupation = [[Actor]] [[Voice actor]]
| years_active = 2006-present
}}

'''Ashwin Mushran''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actor]] and [[voice over artist]]. He has appeared in numerous [[movies]] and plays. He is also featured in the movie ''[[Quick Gun Murugan]]'', as Dr. Django. He also lent his voice into [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] several foreign media.

==Education==
He was born to a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] father and a [[White British]] mother of [[English people|English]] and [[Germans|German]] descent.<ref name="kashmiri" /> Mushran's paternal family were displaced from [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]] during the [[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|Exodus Of Kashmiri Pandits]] in the 1990s due to the [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Islamic militancy]]. Ashwin studied at [[The Doon School]] in [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]] and then graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] ([[Honours degree|Honours]]) degree in [[English literature|English Literature]] from [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]], [[University of Delhi]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="indianentertainment1">[http://www.indianentertainment.info/2009/12/23/ashwin-mushran-%E2%80%93-that-class-act-in-fashion.html Ashwin Mushran – That class act in FASHION! | Indian Entertainment Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704003018/http://www.indianentertainment.info/2009/12/23/ashwin-mushran-%E2%80%93-that-class-act-in-fashion.html |date=4 July 2014 }}. Indianentertainment.info (2009-12-23). Retrieved on 2013-08-31.</ref><ref>[http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec16/youth4.asp Mumbai salsas to his tune] ''Deccan Herald'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230222922/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec16/youth4.asp |date=30 December 2015 }}. Archive.deccanherald.com (2003-12-16). Retrieved on 2013-08-31.</ref> He then moved to [[England]] from India to study acting at the [[Drama Studio London]] in [[Ealing]], [[West London]].<ref name="stage">{{cite news|title= Drama Studio London: Helping you find your unique talents to set you on the path to success |url= https://www.thestage.co.uk/promoted-content/drama-studio-london-helping-you-find-your-unique-talents-to-set-you-on-the-path-to-success|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200918193346/https://www.thestage.co.uk/promoted-content/drama-studio-london-helping-you-find-your-unique-talents-to-set-you-on-the-path-to-success|url-status= dead|archive-date= 18 September 2020|website= thestage.co.uk |date=October 16, 2019}}</ref>

==Career==
Ashwin started out with [[TV]] [[commercials]] which led to him becoming a cast member of the cult [[India]]n TV show, ''[[The Great Indian Comedy Show]]''. From there he moved on to acting in [[feature films]] and has acted in many critically acclaimed films such as ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', ''[[Life in a Metro]]'' and ''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]''. Ashwin is heavily involved with theatre and is a voice over artiste as well.<ref>[http://www.aceproductions.biz/aceprod/theatre/Actors%20Profile.html Ace Productions | Theatre] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507182114/http://www.aceproductions.biz/aceprod/theatre/Actors%20Profile.html |date=7 May 2010 }}. Aceproductions.biz. Retrieved on 2013-08-31.</ref><ref name="indianentertainment1"/>

==Dubbing career==
He has [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed]] for more than 1000 TV commercials and a number of movies in Africa English, and Chinese (both Mandarin and Cantonese){{citation needed|date=July 2022}}; however, he said that he had no desire to dub for the leading men of Bollywood.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-prefer-not-to-make-bad-actors-sound-good/Article1-867775.aspx 'I prefer not to make bad actors sound good'] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214073306/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-prefer-not-to-make-bad-actors-sound-good/Article1-867775.aspx |date=14 December 2012 }}. ''Hindustan Times'' (2012-06-08). Retrieved on 2013-08-31.</ref>

==Personal life==
Mushran is married, and has a daughter <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kulfi Kumar Bajewala actor Ashwin Mushran blessed with a baby girl - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kulfi-kumar-bajewala-actor-ashwin-mushran-blessed-with-a-baby-girl/articleshow/69054827.cms |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=The Times of India |date=26 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |2006
|''Kudiyon Ka Hai Zamaana''
|Cyrus
|
|-
|''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''
|Hari Desai
|
|-
|''[[I See You (2006 film)|I See You]]''
|Dr. Shah
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
|''[[Life in a Metro]]''
|Abdullah Ansari
|
|-
|''[[Ek Chalis Ki Last Local]]''
|Mr. Bajaj
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2008
|''[[One, Two, Three]]''
|D.M. Pipat
|
|-
|''[[Krazzy 4]]''
|Pranav
|
|-
|''The Mole''
|The Mob Boss
|
|-
|''[[Yeh Mera India]]''
|Amarjit Singh
|
|-
|''[[Fashion (2008 film)|Fashion]]''
|Rohit Khanna
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''[[Quick Gun Murugun]]''
|Dr Django
|
|-
|''[[Kambakkht Ishq]]''
|Parmeet
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|''[[Hum Tum Aur Ghost]]''
|Mr Kapoor's Son
|
|-
|''[[Bhoot and Friends]]''
|Gora Sa'ab
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Always Kabhi Kabhi]]''
|Rahul Ghosh
|
|-
|''[[Desi Boyz]]''
|Jerry's Lawyer
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Love, Wrinkle-free]]''
| Jacob
| English film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''[[Settai (2013 film)|Settai]]''
|Richard
| Tamil film
|-
|''[[Rise of the Zombie]]''
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014
|''[[Hola Venky!]]''
|Psychiatrist
|English film
|-
|''[[Main Tera Hero]]''
|Angad's Doctor
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Island City (2015 film)|Island City]]''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Sanju]]''
|Event manager
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Total Dhamaal]]''
|
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]''
|Producer Rakesh Verma
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Shehzada (2023 film)|Shehzada]]''
|Kailash Jindal
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''[[V/H/S/Beyond]]''
|Manager
|Segment: "Dream Girl"
|-
|''[[Vijay 69]]'' || Jaag || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/vijay-69/critic-review/vijay-69-movie-review/vijay-69-is-a-light-hearted-tale-that-works-due-to-the-relatability-performance-and-climax/|title=Vijay 69 Movie Review: VIJAY 69 is a light-hearted tale that works due to the relatability, performance and climax.|date=November 8, 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[Happy Patel: Khatarnak Jasoos]]''
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2004
|''[[The Great Indian Comedy Show]]''
|
|
|-
|2014–2015
|''[[Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyar]]''
|Karan Kapoor
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Peterson Hill]]''
|Peterson
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Kulfi Kumar Bajewala]]''
|Roshan Kumar(RK)
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Maharaj Ki Jai Ho!]]''
|Scientist
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii]]''
| Jamshed Sherier
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
|-
|2021
|''[[Qubool Hai 2.0]]''
|Asad's coach
|[[ZEE5]]
|-
|2022 ||''[[Escaype Live]]'' ||Yogi Balla || Disney+ Hotstar
|-
|2023
|[[Rana Naidu]]
|Farzad Soonawala
|Netflix
|}

== Dubbing roles ==

===Live action films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film title !! Actor !! Character !! Dub language !! Original language !! Original year release !! Dub year release !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Billy Madison]]'' || [[Adam Sandler]] || Billy Madison || Hindi || English || 1995 || 2005 ||
|-
| [[Big Daddy (1999 film)|''Big Daddy'']] || [[Adam Sandler]] || Sonny Koufax || Hindi || English || 1999 || 2006 ||
|-
| ''[[Mr. Deeds]]'' || [[Adam Sandler]] || Longfellow Deeds || Hindi || English || 2002 || 2006 ||
|-
| ''[[House of Flying Daggers]]'' || [[Takeshi Kaneshiro]] || Jin || Hindi || Mandarin Chinese || 2004 || 2005 ||
|-
| ''[[50 First Dates]]'' || [[Adam Sandler]] || Henry Roth || Hindi || English || 2004 || 2005 ||
|-
| [[Click (2006 film)|''Click'']] || [[Adam Sandler]] || Michael Newman || Hindi || English || 2006 || 2006 ||
|-
| ''[[Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd.]]'' || [[Vikram Chatwal]] || Bunty || Hindi ||English Hindi || 2007 || 2007 || Ashwin was called in to dub the dialogues during [[post-production]] because of the dissatisfaction of the director with the lines spoken by the actor. Vikram was unable to convey his lines properly due to temporary health problems, despite that the movie was already shot in Hindi as one of the languages.
|-
| ''[[Reign Over Me]]'' || [[Adam Sandler]] || Charlie Fineman || Hindi || English || 2007 || 2007 ||
|-
| ''[[The Warlords]]'' || [[Takeshi Kaneshiro]] || Jiang Wuyang || Hindi || Mandarin Chinese || 2007 || 2007 ||
|-
| ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]<ref>[http://ragetheatre.co.in/content/ashwin-mushran Ashwin Mushran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004015622/http://ragetheatre.co.in/content/ashwin-mushran |date=4 October 2010 }}. Rage Theatre. Retrieved on 2013-08-31.</ref>''|| [[Adam Sandler]] || Zohan Dvir || Hindi || English || 2008 || 2008 ||
|-
| [[Red Cliff (film)|''Red Cliff'']] || [[Takeshi Kaneshiro]] || [[Zhuge Liang]] || Hindi || Mandarin Chinese || 2008 (Part 1) 2009 (Part 2) || 2008 (Part 1) 2009 (Part 2) ||
|-
| ''[[Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian]]'' || [[Alain Chabat]] || [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] || Hindi || English || 2009 || 2009 ||
|-
| [[Grown Ups (film)|''Grown Ups'']] || [[Adam Sandler]] || Lenny Feder || Hindi || English || 2010 || 2010 ||
|-
| [[Jack and Jill (2011 film)|''Jack and Jill'']] || [[Adam Sandler]] || Jack/Jill Sadelstein || Hindi || English || 2011 || 2011 ||
|-
| ''[[Just Go with It]]'' || [[Adam Sandler]] || Dr. Daniel "Danny" Maccabee || Hindi || English || 2011 || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Dragon (2011 film)|''Dragon'']] || [[Takeshi Kaneshiro]] || Xu Baijiu || Hindi || [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] and [[Sichuanese Mandarin|Sichuanese]] (CN/TW) [[Cantonese Chinese]] (HK) || 2011 || 2011 ||
|-
| ''[[X-Men: Apocalypse]]'' || [[Michael Fassbender]] || [[Magneto (Marvel Comics)|Erik Lensherr / Magneto]] || Hindi || English || 2016 || 2016 ||
|-
| [[Assassin's Creed (film)|''Assassin's Creed'']] || [[Michael Fassbender]] || Callum "Cal" Lynch and Aguilar de Nerha || Hindi || English || 2016 || 2016 ||
|-
| ''[[American Hustle]]'' || [[Christian Bale]] || Irving Rosenfeld || Hindi || English || 2013 || 2018 ||
|-
| ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' || [[Stanley Tucci]] || Joshua Joyce || Hindi || English || 2014 || 2014 ||
|-
|}

=== Animated films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film title !! Original voice !! Character !! Dub language !! Original language !! Original year release !! Dub year release !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Shrek the Third]]'' || [[Conrad Vernon]] || [[Rumpelstiltskin (Shrek)|Rumpelstiltskin]] || Hindi || English || 2007 || 2007 ||
|}

===Live action television series===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Program Title!!Actor!!Character!!Dub Language!!Original language!! Number of episodes !! Original airdate!! Dubbed airdate !! Notes
|-
| [[Sacred Games (TV series)|''Sacred Games'']] || [[Saif Ali Khan]] || Sartaj Singh || English || Hindi || 16 || || || India's first web-series Streamed on [[Netflix]]
|-
| ''[[Money Heist]]'' || [[Álvaro Morte]] || [[Professor (Money Heist)|Sergio Marquina / Professor]] || Hindi || Spanish || || 2017 || 2021 || 
|-
|[[Citadel (TV series)|Citadel]]
|[[Stanley Tucci]]
|Bernard Orlick
|Hindi
|English
|
|2023
|2023
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ashwin Mushran}}
* {{IMDb name|2511745}}
* [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/three-cheers/476227/]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mushran, Ashwin}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Hindu people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Brahmins]]
[[Category:Indian people of English descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of German descent]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Drama Studio London]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]

Mansion 24

2026-02-05T22:26:46Z

Vernell29N: created a page first draft - done

{{Short description|Indian horror thriller television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mansion 24.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Horror thriller]]
| creator =
| inspired_by =
| based_on =
| writer = Mayukh Adithya
| screenplay =
| director = [[Ohmkar]]
| starring = [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]]
| music = Vikas Badisha
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| executive_producer = Rohith Pisapati
| producer = [[Ashwin Babu]] Kalyan Chakravarthy
| editor = Adi Narayan
| cinematography = B. Rajasekar
| runtime = 30 minutes
| company = Oak Entertainment
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|10|17|df=yes}}
| last_aired =
}}
'''''Mansion 24''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[horror thriller]] television series written by Mayukh Adithya and directed by [[Ohmkar]]. Produced by [[Ashwin Babu]] and Kalyan Chakravarthy under the banner of Oak Entertainment, it stars Varalaxmi Sarathkumar in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/ott/actress-avika-gor-poster-released-from-horror-series-mansion-24-1072073.html | title=Mansion 24: మిస్టరీ థ్రిల్లర్‏గా వరలక్ష్మీ శరత్ కుమార్ 'మాన్షన్ 24'.. ఆసక్తికరంగా అవికా పోస్టర్ | date=23 September 2023 | access-date=17 October 2023 | archive-date=18 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018062528/https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/ott/actress-avika-gor-poster-released-from-horror-series-mansion-24-1072073.html | url-status=live }}</ref> It premiered 17 October 2023 on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/mansion-24-terrifying-and-a-promising-thriller-132634 | title=Mansion 24: Terrifying and a promising thriller | date=5 October 2023 | access-date=17 October 2023 | archive-date=18 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018062528/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/mansion-24-terrifying-and-a-promising-thriller-132634 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
An [[Investigative journalism|investigative journalist]] Amrutha starts searching for her missing father "Kalidas". He used to work in the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Mansion 24 Review: A Disappointing Horror Thriller Web-Series of Hotstar |url=https://www.cinemadiscovery.com/2023/10/mansion-24-review-disappointing-horror_17.html |website=Cinema Discovery |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027141518/https://www.cinemadiscovery.com/2023/10/mansion-24-review-disappointing-horror_17.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and has been accused of escaping with a very valuable thing from the country, due to which he has been declared a [[traitor]]. Kalidas was last seen in an old [[Mansion]] and it is believed that whoever has visited that mansion till date has not come back alive.

While searching for her father, Amrutha arrives at the mansion and is determined to clear her father's name.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] as Amrutha
* [[Sathyaraj]] as Kalidas
* [[Avika Gor]] as Swapna
* [[Bindu Madhavi]] as Sultana (callgirl)
* [[Archana Jois]] as Radhika (classical Dancer)
* [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]]
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Watchman
* Amardeep as Radhika's Boyfriend
* [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]] as Lilly
* [[Ayyappa P. Sharma]]
* Manas
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]]
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]]
* [[Rajeev Kanakala]] as Rajeev
* [[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]] as Radha
* [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]]
* [[Vidyullekha Raman]]
* [[Chatrapathi Sekhar]]
* [[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]]
* [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
* [[Shraddha Dangar]] as Razia
}}

== Production ==
In September 2023, the series was announced by [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/mansion-24-telugu-web-series-first-look-out-omkar-bindu-madhavi-horror-web-series-to-stream-on-disney-hot-star-soon-121695014432805.html | title=Mansion 24 Web Series: మ్యాన్ష‌న్‌ 24 ఫ‌స్ట్ లుక్ రిలీజ్ - బిగ్‌బాస్ విన్న‌ర్‌తో ఓంకార్ అన్న‌య్య‌ హార‌ర్ వెబ్‌ సిరీస్‌ | access-date=17 October 2023 | archive-date=18 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018062529/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/mansion-24-telugu-web-series-first-look-out-omkar-bindu-madhavi-horror-web-series-to-stream-on-disney-hot-star-soon-121695014432805.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> The filming of the series was completed in 40 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/avika-gor-collaborates-with-her-raju-gari-gadhi-3-director-for-series-mansion-24--news-320486/|title=Avika Gor Collaborates With Her 'Raju Gari Gadhi 3' Director For Series 'Mansion 24'|date=25 September 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023|archive-date=18 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018062527/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/avika-gor-collaborates-with-her-raju-gari-gadhi-3-director-for-series-mansion-24--news-320486/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Satya Pulagam of ''[[ABP Live]]'' awarded the series 3/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/mansion-24-web-series-review-in-telugu-omkar-s-hotstar-original-series-mansion-24-critics-review-rating-122882 | title='మ్యాన్షన్‌ 24' రివ్యూ : హాట్‌స్టార్‌లో ఓంకార్‌ వెబ్‌ సిరీస్‌ - భయపెట్టిందా? లేదా? | date=17 October 2023 | access-date=17 October 2023 | archive-date=17 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017032336/https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/mansion-24-web-series-review-in-telugu-omkar-s-hotstar-original-series-mansion-24-critics-review-rating-122882 | url-status=live }}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' rated the series 2/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/mansion-24-review-ohmkars-horror-show-is-unimaginative-and-stale/b273df37d7779 | title=Mansion 24 review: Ohmkar's horror show is unimaginative and stale }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/mansion-24/1260154324 ''Mansion 24''] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:Telugu-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:2023 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 web series endings]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in country houses]]

Attimabbe

2026-02-02T10:34:12Z

Vernell29N: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{Short description|Chalukya queen}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| birth_date = 950 AD
| father = Mallapa
| spouse = Nagadeva
| religion = [[Jainism]]
}}
[[File:Jain_temple_at_Lakkundi_built_in_the_Kalyani_Chalukya_style.jpg|thumb|[[Brahma Jinalaya]] at [[Lakkundi]] ]]

'''Attimabbe''' (950-1020) was a noblewoman of the [[Western Chalukya Empire]].

She was born at '''Punganur''' of [[Chittoor]] district in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She was the daughter of Feudatory Mallapa of [[chalukya]] king [[Tailapa II]], and Ponnamayya.<ref>The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore, India)., Volume 95, p. 69</ref> Attimabbe’s Father Mallapa belonged to “Vajiivamsa“ of Kondniya gotra and known as Dandnayaka title, bestowed by [[Tailapa II]]. Mallapa was a devout adherent to [[Jainism]] and a powerful figure in the imperial court of [[Tailapa II]]. She was contemporary to Ganga general and chief minister [[Chavundaraya]].<ref>Jain Journal, Volume 29, July 1994, p. 36</ref>

Attimabbe was married to Nagadeva in 965 AD, the elder son of Dhallapa, Chief minister and general in chalukyan court. Dhallapa is also mentioned in [[Lakkundi]] inscription as a brave, highly learned, intelligent, proficient and valiant in war. It also credits the triumph over [[Vengi]], [[Malwa]], [[Konkan]] and Tigules. Nagadeva was also devout to [[Jainism]] and considered a bright star of “Vajjivamsa”. The victory of [[Gujarat]] and [[Vengi]] is credited to Nagadeva, as described in [[lakkundi]] Inscription. Attimabbe was the mother of Paduvala Tailap or Anniga.<ref>Jinmanjari: Contemporary Jaina Reflections, Volumes 8-13, p. 67</ref>

Her husband Nagadeva was killed in battlefield in 984 AD, when Attimabbe was 34 years old. King [[Tailapa II]] himself came to Attimabbe to express his condolence on death of Nagadeva. She led a pious life after husband’s death, following the Jaina creed. She was devout to Jainism, and many marvels and miracles are attributed to her in [[Lakkundi]] Inscription. She is compared to many famous personalities like [[Rukmini]], [[Satyabhama]], Chelini, Rohini, Prabhawati, Sulochna, Marudevi, Sushaine, Sivadevi, lakshmana and Vijayasena. In above mentioned names; five names are of Jina savior’s Mother.

She is also honored by Poet Ranna as “DanaChintamani” <ref>Dānacintāmaṇi Attimabbe by Es. Pi Pāṭīla, Praśāntakumāra Nālavāra</ref><ref>History of the Western Gangas, Volume 1 by Ali, B. Sheik, p. 261</ref> means “Jewel among donors”. BrahmaShiva in Samayparikshe adores Attimabbe attributing many epitaphs like “gunadakhani”,”Vimala Charitre”, “Jain sasna rakshmani”, “Sajjanaka Chudamani”, “Akalanka Charite” and “Sarvakalavidhi”.

About 22 lithic records in Karnataka refer to high esteemed woman of nobility who have been compared to Attimabbe for their acts of charity and chastity.
Moreover, an award on the name of Attimabbe was given to a female candidate every year by Karnataka government every year. Year 1994 was also celebrated as the year of Attimabbe.

Among her achievements were:
# She caused the construction of 1500 Jain Shrines<ref>Jain Journal, Volume 37, p. 6</ref> in her life and in addition one more at [[Lakkundi]] celebrated as Brahma Jinalaya.
# She caused 1500 Jina images <ref>Jain Journal, Volume 29, July 1994, p. 31</ref> to be made and gifted them along with Gold bells and lamp of daily worship of Lord Jina.
# She caused 1000 copies of Shantipurana<ref>Jain Journal, Volume 29, July 1994, p. 31</ref> to be made on palm leaves and distributed them to Jina preachers and scholars as “Shastra Daan”.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Attimabbe}}
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Jain queens]]
[[Category:950 births]]
[[Category:Western Chalukya people]]
[[Category:People from Chittoor district]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]

Hanuman Tibba

2026-01-25T20:42:09Z

Vernell29N: small cleanup references per standard format and added references

{{short description|Mountain peak in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Hanuman Tibba''' is the highest mountain peak in [[Kangra district]] and lies on [[Dhauladhar|Dhauladhar Range]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]], India, with an altitude of {{convert|5982|m|}} above sea level. It lies to the Northwest of [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] and to the East of [[Solang]]. To the north of Hanuman Tibba, lies the Taintuka Pass and to the south lies Manali Pass.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Live Draw SGP Live SGP Result SGP Live Singapore SGP Pools SGP Prize | url=http://himachalpradeshtravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Tourist-Map-Kangra.jpg | access-date=2026-01-25 | website=himachalpradeshtravel.com}}</ref> These Passes form the district boundary between the [[Kangra District]] and [[Kullu District]]. It is a well known local peak, partly due to it resembling a steep pyramid, with its noted feature of steep vertical rise from its base camp site. Its west face has been a recent site to many attempts to climb through the “west spur”, a steep, technical, sustained rocky feature often exposed to winds and gnarly ice flutings. The Diretissima through this face and the north face- overall, is still unclimbed. In a noted recent attempt by the Alpine Club of the Greater Himalayas, 4 alpinists tried climbing through this very spur, but were defeated by rotten ice conditions, high at {{cvt|5720|m}}.

Some controversy initially surrounded Werner Merkel Roth and fellow members (Mr.A.Azer Mr. Mir. H) reports of climbing an approximately 58-metre rock shelf (VI+) at nearly {{cvt|5500|m}}, a claim which was later to be accepted when an Austrian climbing party reported and verified the same.<ref>{{cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh: Climbing Hanuman Tibba |url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/explore/adventure/himachal-pradesh-climbing-hanuman-tibba/ |website=Outlook India |date=29 January 2016 |accessdate=5 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pawar |first1=Jayanti |title=Tamil classical conference flag hoisted at Hanuman Tibba |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/Tamil-classical-conference-flag-hoisted-at-Hanuman-Tibba/article16193357.ece/ |accessdate=5 July 2018 |location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Suresh |title=Peaks around Manali including Rohtang pass, Seven Sisters, Deo Tibba, Hanuman Tibba, Hamta Pass, have been experiencing snowfall since morning. Waves of cold have gripped Manali. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Peaks-around-Manali-including-Rohtang-pass-Seven-Sisters-Deo-Tibba-Hanuman-Tibba-Hamta-Pass-have-been-experiencing-snowfall-since-morning-Waves-of-cold-have-gripped-Manali-/articleshow/10280372.cms |access-date=5 July 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|32.336|77.051|display=title}}

[[Category:Mountains of Himachal Pradesh]]

{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Nilambur–Nanjangud line

2026-01-19T23:26:11Z

Vernell29N: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Indian railway project}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
'''Nilambur–Nanjangud line''' also called ''The golden I. T. corridor'' or ''Wayanad Railway'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/25/stories/2011022552980900.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228185508/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/25/stories/2011022552980900.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-02-28|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2011-02-25|title=News Archives}}</ref> was a railway project to create a 5 ft 6in broad gauge rail connection from the town of [[Nanjangud]] ([[Karnataka]]) to [[Nilambur]] ([[Kerala]]) through [[Wayanad]] district of Kerala and [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiri]] district of [[Tamil Nadu]].

The first proposal for such a line dates back to 1881.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://discuss.itacumens.com/index.php/topic,13988.45..html?PHPSESSID=ed2bgtlkdt7d9nplorrk2hosf5|title=Indian Railway News|website=discuss.itacumens.com}}</ref>[[Dmrcl]] has started a detailed survey. Kerala government sanctioned 10 crore rupees for this survey. This railway having a length of 236 km starting from Nanjangud near Mysuru passing through [[Sulthan Bathery]] in Wayanad district of Kerala, and Devala in Nilgiri District of Tamil Nadu and reaching at Nilambur in Kerala is technically feasible as per the Kerala government.<ref>Kerala Assembly Document ,Submission answered by Mr.M.Vijayakumar Minister for sports and Railway affairs dated 22-07-2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2009aug29/questions_asked_mr_k_e_ismail_during_Rajya_sabha_session_july_aug_2009.html|title=Questions asked by Mr. K.E. Ismail during Rajya Sabha session July–Aug 2009|date=29 August 2009}}</ref> This BG line would join the existing railhead at Nilambur and lead to [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. The estimated cost of this railway is Rs.4266 crores. During 2010 the Planning Commission has sanctioned the estimated project cost of this proposed railway. This saves about 70 km from Kerala to Bangalore and saves 360 km to Mysore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wayanadrailway.com/|title=Nilgiris–Wayanad National Highway and Railway Action Committee|access-date=18 December 2012|archive-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723045030/http://www.wayanadrailway.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

This financial estimate was found to be economically non-feasible by the railways and the project was shelved.<ref>{{cite news|title=Major rail projects faces uncertain future as Railways shelve proposals|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/Major-rail-projects-faces-uncertain-future-as-Railways-shelve-proposals/articleshow/48166986.cms|agency=The Times of India|date=22 July 2015}}</ref>

==Government approval ==
On 2 January 2014 the government of [[Kerala]] decided to share the cost of this railway project. Chief Minister Oommen Chandy, in a letter to Railway Minister Mallikarjun Kharge, expressed the state's willingness to share the project's cost. He also asked the railway minister to ensure that the first phase, (Nanjangud–Sulthan Bathery) estimated to cost Rs.641.78 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mysoochi.com/news/2014/01/02/kerala-ready-to-share-proposed-railway-lines-cost/|title=Mysoochi.com|website=www.mysoochi.com|access-date=3 January 2014|archive-date=3 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103182806/http://www.mysoochi.com/news/2014/01/02/kerala-ready-to-share-proposed-railway-lines-cost/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

However, the government of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have not come forward to share the cost of the railway line. The project has come to standstill due to lack of forest clearance since the line will pass through the protected areas<ref>{{cite news|title=State to bear 50 per cent of the cost of project. The new rail link would cut short distance by about 300 km from north Kerala to Bengaluru.|url=http://www.railnews.co.in/centres-nod-for-resurvey-of-nilambur-nanjangud-rail-line/|publisher=Rail news|date=14 December 2015|archive-date=21 October 2016|access-date=22 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021094837/http://www.railnews.co.in/centres-nod-for-resurvey-of-nilambur-nanjangud-rail-line/|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{update inline|date=June 2019}}

==Ecosystem concerns==
The new railway would reduce the vehicular traffic in [[NH-67]] and [[NH-212]] since a major chunk of commuters and carriers would shift to railways per the Kerala government.<ref>The Hindu daily, Nov. 03, 2008. kozhikode edition</ref><ref>The Hindu Daily.(Palakkad) Date:05/06/2009</ref>

However, wildlife biologists and conservationists contend that the traffic on the national highways passing through Bandipur tiger reserve is already diverted through alternate roads developed by the Government of Karnataka during night due to the already existing night closure of the highways through Bandipur from 9pm to 6am.<ref>{{cite news|title=REACHING WAYANAD NOW EASY|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Reaching-Wayanad-now-easy/articleshow/46775262.cms|agency=Bangalore Mirror|date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

The Nanjangud–Nilambur line was also rejected by the High Court of Kerala in its WP 602/2013. The judgement specifically stated "It is also pertinent to mention that there is a road connectivity between these two places and it is not a case where other form of transportation is missing or unavailable. Merely because there is a ban for night transportation on the roads, railway connectivity could not become the need of the hour."

==Ecological concerns==
Conservation biologists and ecologists have raised concerns about the ecological impact on the proposed railway line. Over 22 km of the railway line passing through the Bandipur tiger reserve and Waynad wildlife sanctuary will mean wildlife mortality due to railway collision almost on a daily basis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/nanjangudnilambur-rail-line-draws-ire-of-wildlife-activists/article5066718.ece|title=Nanjangud–Nilambur rail line draws ire of wildlife activists|first=R. Krishna|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 August 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== Alignment ==

Nilambur - Kakkadampoyil - Thiruvambady - Anakkampoyil - Meppadi - Kalpetta - Sulthan Bathery - Muthanga - Gundlupete - Nanjangud

==Financial viability==
It is estimated that more than 50,000 people are daily commuting to Mysore and Bangalore from [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar]] and [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiri]] region {{Dubious |Talk section name |reason=No report found |date=January 2016}}. Around 240 buses are plying to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]] through [[NH-212]] and [[NH-67]] from this region{{citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=January 2016}}. By the inception of new railway line journey from [[Sulthan Bathery]] to Mysore would take just 1 hour and Bangalore 3 hours. The journey from Devala (Gudalur Road) would take 30 minutes more. [[Ooty]] could be reached from Gudalur Road in one and a half hour drive so that this rail would be the favourite destination of tourists. More than 800 [[truck]]s are passing through NH212 in one direction through [[Wayanad]] daily. About 700 trucks are reaching Gudalur through NH67. Destination of this freight is the neighbouring 8 districts. Considering the logistic movement currently in NH 212 and NH67 which is expected to be shifted to the railway and expected increase by the introduction of railway, the freight [[revenue]] would be multi fold of the travel revenue.{{citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=January 2016}}

== See also ==

* [[:Category:Cancelled railway lines]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nilambur-Nanjangud line}}
[[Category:Cancelled railway lines]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kerala]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Palakkad railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Transport in Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Transport in Mysore district]]

Bhilai Steel Plant

2026-01-18T00:12:05Z

Vernell29N: improved lead to improve readability

{{Short description|Steel plant in Chhattisgarh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = SAIL-Bhilai Steel Plant
| image = File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_dedicates_the_Modernised_and_Expanded_Bhilai_Steel_Plant_to_the_Nation,_in_Chhattisgarh_on_June_14,_2018._The_Union_Minister_for_Steel,_Shri_Chaudhary_Birender_Singh_is_also_seen.JPG
| image_caption = Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] reveals the modernised and expanded Bhilai Steel Plant in June 2018
| type =
| foundation = 1955
| location = [[Bhilai]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| industry = Metallurgical Process
| products = Rails, Plates, Structurals, Rebars and Wire Rods
| parent = [[Steel Authority of India|Steel Authority of India Limited]]
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.sail.co.in/bhilai-steel-plant/about-bhilai-steel-plant/|sail.co.in/bhilai-steel-plant}}
| logo = Steel Authority of India logo.svg
| key_people = Chitta Ranjan Mohapatra (MD)
}}
The '''Bhilai Steel Plant''' ('''BSP'''), located in [[Bhilai]], in the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]], is [[India]]'s first and main producer of [[steel]] rails, as well as a major producer of wide steel plates and other steel products. The plant also produces steel and markets various chemical by-products from its [[coke oven]]s and coal chemical plant. It was set up with the help of the USSR in 1955.<ref name="steel plant 1">{{cite web|title=The Bhilai Steel Plant|url=http://www.fieldtofactory.lse.ac.uk/SteelPlantHistory.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030405121223/http://www.fieldtofactory.lse.ac.uk/SteelPlantHistory.htm|archive-date=5 April 2003|access-date=24 June 2012|work=Field to Factory: Film and ethnography of industrialisation in Chhattisgarah, Central India|publisher=Jandarshan and LSE}}</ref>

Bhilai Steel Plant is eleven-time winner of the Prime Minister's Trophy for best integrated steel plant in the country.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sail.co.in/sail-press-release/prime-minister-hands-over-pms-trophy-best-integrated-steel-plant-country-bhilai | title=Prime Minister hands over PM'S Trophy for best Integrated Steel Plant in the Country to BHILAI Steel Plant | publisher=SAIL | date=4 February 2015 | access-date=26 January 2019 | archive-date=2 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102120119/https://www.sail.co.in/sail-press-release/prime-minister-hands-over-pms-trophy-best-integrated-steel-plant-country-bhilai | url-status=dead }}</ref> The plant is the sole supplier of the country's longest railway tracks, which measure {{convert|260|m}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/bhilai-steel-records-its-best-ever-loading-for-dispatch-to-indian-railways/articleshow/59426278.cms|title=Bhilai Steel records its best ever loading for dispatch to Indian Railways|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=30 December 2017|last1=Mazumdar|first1=Rakhi}}</ref> The 130 - meter rail, which would be the world's longest rail line in a single piece, was rolled out on 29 November 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sail-bsp-starts-production-of-world-s-longest-single-piece-rail-116113000455_1.html | title=SAIL-BSP starts production of world's longest single-piece rail | date=30 November 2016 | newspaper=Business Standard | first=R Krishna | last=Das | access-date=26 January 2019 }}</ref> The plant also produces products such as wire rods and merchant products. It has been the flagship integrated steel plant unit of the [[Public Sector Undertakings in India|public sector]] steel company, the [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] and is its largest and most profitable production facility.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/new-generation-rails-will-be-bhilai-steel-s-crown-jewel-113070101084_1.html | title=New generation rails will be Bhilai Steel's crown jewel | date=1 July 2013 | newspaper=Business Standard | first=Kunal | last=Bose | access-date=26 January 2019 }}</ref>

The Bhilai Steel plant was established with Soviet collaboration in Durg district of Chhattisgarh and started production in 1959. Agarias, A community of iron smelters helped the discovery of a source of iron ore for Bhilai Steel Plant.

== Modernization and expansion programs ==
Bhilai Steel Plant is raising its capacity of steel production through modernization and new projects. The major upcoming project is the commissioning of a giant blast furnace 4,060 cubic meters in volume, with a hot metal production capacity of 8,000 tonnes per day.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant's Modernisation and Expansion Program Gains Momentum|url=http://www.sail.co.in/BSP_list_of_packages_in_CPFR.pdf|work=Steel Authority of India Limited|publisher=SAIL|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503143642/https://www.sail.co.in/BSP_list_of_packages_in_CPFR.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Bhilai Steel Plant has created steel for one of the railway's most challenging projects, construction of the {{convert|345|km|mi|abbr=on}} railway line and plane network between [[Jammu]] and [[Baramulla]] at an investment of {{INRConvert|19000|c}}. BSP has also developed a special grade of TMT rebars for use in the high-altitude tunnel inside the [[Banihal Pass]]. BSP had also developed the special soft iron magnetic plates for the prestigious India-based [[Neutrino detector|Neutrino Observatory]] (INO) project of the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC). It has also developed special grade high-tensile (DMR249A) steel for building India's first indigenously built anti-submarine warfare corvette, [[INS Kamorta (P28)|INS Kamorta]].<ref name="ETimesKamorta20140712">{{cite web | title=GRSE hands over first indigenous warship, INS Kamorta to Indian Navy | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-12/news/51392339_1_indian-navy-garden-reach-shipbuilders-blue-water-navy | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716042747/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-12/news/51392339_1_indian-navy-garden-reach-shipbuilders-blue-water-navy | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 July 2014 | publisher=Economic Times | date=12 July 2014 | access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> The plant was further expanded on 14 June 2018.

==Output==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|+ Production
! Product mix !! Tonnes/annum
|-
| Semis|| 533,000
|-
| Rail & heavy structural|| 750,000
|-
| Merchant Products (angles, channels, Rrund & TMT bars)|| 500,000
|-
| Wire Rods (TMT, plain & ribbed)|| 420,000
|-
| Plates (up to 3600 mm wide)|| 950,000
|-
| Total saleable steel|| 3,153,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://durg.gov.in/bhilai-steel-plant/|title=Bhilai Steel Plant | District DURG, Government of Chhattisgarh | India|accessdate=24 May 2023}}</ref>
|}

== Impact on local economy and culture ==
BSP, when it was established was the primary industrial employer in the Chhattisgarh region. Its positive impact on the region is visible on various fronts including education, economy and culture. It was once counted among the largest factories in India with almost 60000 employees. Being a [[public sector]] enterprise (i.e. Govt of India being the sole stakeholder in the early days) it provided comprehensive benefits package to its employees with subsidized education, healthcare and housing. Like many Public Sector units, Bhilai had a strong organized trade union presence, advocating for worker rights and benefits.

The planned township was organized as 13 sectors. Several Educational institutes sprung up in the township and surrounding towns to cater to educational needs of residents. Bhilai developed into a cultural hub, with many expatriate Soviet experts and engineers residing in the city in the early days. Bhilai also attracted an educated workforce from across India, transforming the culture of the area from a primarily rural, to a cosmopolitan melting pot. Ancillary private factory units grew to process by-products such as slag, scrap and sponge iron, in neighboring cities, creating a thriving local economy in the region, anchored by Bhilai Steel Plant.

== Environmental impact ==
While Bhilai Steel Plant fulfills an essential infrastructure role for the nation, it is largely powered by coal, a highly polluting and fossil fuel. It is an acknowledged fact that the Steel Industry worldwide is a major polluter with the biggest carbon footprint. BSP with its aging plant built using 1950s Soviet know-how, lags comparable Indian steel producers with more modern plants in climate impact areas. The long-term health impacts on BSP employees or citizens have been examined in a few isolated research studies. Emissions, and waste from BSP plant has had an adverse environmental impact, based on anecdotal and limited independent studies available. Mining activities from BSP's multiple captive, especially [[Dalli Rajhara]] mines have affected water supply and quality for surrounding villages. The method of open pit mining has resulted in deforestation and depletion of water table for villages near the [[Dalli Rajhara]] mines, without any post-damage mitigation for the affected communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/raoghat-mines-in-bastar-iron-in-their-souls/story-wh0f6njppQ5tR0lsHAHflM.html|title=Raoghat mines in Bastar: Iron in their souls|date=29 March 2014|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

Additional data and reporting on the environmental and health impacts are required, for Bhilai, given its scale and size.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312472296|title=Air and Leaching Pollution Scenario by Iron and Steel Plants, in central India|accessdate=24 May 2023}}</ref>

The CAG Report (2018) also cited this plant for higher than average CO2 emission, and reduced [[Electrical efficiency|energy efficiency]]. Per the sustainability report published by SAIL, these are some initiatives being driven at BSP, to modernize in an energy efficient way, the aging plant technology -

* Waste heat recovery from Coke Ovens
* Conversion of high top-gas discharge pressure to electrical energy in Blast Furnace (BF) #8
* Installation of Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Drives to reduce energy consumption
* Coal dust injection

Additional BSP green initiatives (Year 2022) are in the Sustainability report.<ref>[https://sail.co.in/sites/default/files/2022-11/SAIL%20SUSTAINABILITY%20REPORT-2021-22-17-11-22.pdf Sail Sustainability Report] sail.co.in 2021</ref>

==Incidents==
On 12 June 2014, a gas leak in Bhilai Steel Plant killed six people, including two senior officials. Over 50 people were affected by the accident. A breakdown in the water pump house caused a [[carbon monoxide]] leak, which seeped into the premises due to pressure differences along the purification chamber lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant gas Leak Accident kills 6 and injures 40|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/bhilai-steel-plant-gas-leak-accident-kills-6-and-injures-40/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=13 June 2014}}</ref> Among the dead were two deputy general managers, while the injured included [[Central Industrial Security Force]] personnel as well as workers and officials of the public-sector plant. The leak started at around 6:10 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].

On 9 October 2018, 13 plant employees (including four BSP fire services officials) were killed and 14 people (including six BSP fire services officials) were injured in a blast at the plant. The blast occurred in a pipeline near the coke oven section at the steel plant in the town of Bhilai.

A report by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] cited the plant for specific safety violations, thereby creating a hazardous work environment for employees who worked near blast furnaces and coke ovens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/laxity-found-in-ensuring-safety-by-sail-at-bhilai-plant-cag-report/articleshow/80785092.cms?from=mdr|title=Laxity found in ensuring safety by SAIL at Bhilai plant: CAG report|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=10 February 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Steel Authority of India Limited|Steel Authority of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://bhilai.co.in Website of Bhilai]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201184455/http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=bhilai Bhilai Steel Plant]
*[http://explore-chhattisgarh.blogspot.com/2011/02/bhilai-steel-plant.html View of Bhilai Steel Plant]
{{coord|21|10|41.08|N|81|23|21.95|E|display=title}}

{{Steel industry of India}}
{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Economy of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Steel plants of India]]
[[Category:Steel Authority of India]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Bhilai]]
[[Category:Manufacturing plants in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bhilai]]
[[Category:Soviet foreign aid]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in India]]

Nirmala (novel)

2026-01-15T05:53:51Z

Vernell29N: put up pg...

{{Short description|1926 Hindi novel by Munshi Premchand}}
{{about|the 1926 novel|other uses|Nirmala (disambiguation)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox book

| name = Nirmala (The Second Wife)
| title_orig = Nirmala
| image = Nirmala novel cover.jpg
| caption = ''Nirmala'' novel cover
| alt =
| author = [[Munshi Premchand]]
| orig_lang_code = hi
| title_working =
| translator = Alok Rai and David Rubin<ref name="inflibnet1"/>
| cover_artist = Orient Paperbacks (Alok Rai) [[Oxford University Press|Oxford India Paperbacks]] (David Rubin)
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| series =
| subject =
| genre = [[Fiction]]
| published = January 1927<ref name="inflibnet1"/>
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| isbn = 978-0-19-565826-2 |isbn_note= (translated version by Oxford India)<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/694207.Nirmala |title=Nirmala by Munshi Premchand |website=[[Goodreads]] |isbn=978-0-19-565826-2 |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301223254/http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/694207.Nirmala |url-status=live }}</ref>
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| wikisource =
| native_wikisource = निर्मला
}}
'''''Nirmala'''''{{efn|Though "nirmala" ({{langx|hi|निर्मला}}) means "virtuous" or "pure", David Rubin, the first translator, titled it as ''The Second Wife''.<ref name="inflibnet1"/>}} is a [[Hindi]] novel written by Indian writer [[Munshi Premchand]]. The [[Melodrama|melodramatic novel]] is centered on Nirmala, a young girl who was forced to marry a widower of her father's age. The plot unfolds to reveal her husband's suspicion of a relationship between her and his eldest son, a suspicion that leads to the son's death.

A poignant novel first published between 1925 and 1926, ''Nirmala''{{'s}} reformist agenda is transparent in its theme which deals with the question of [[dowry system in India|dowry]], and consequently mismatched marriages and related issues. The story uses fiction to highlight an era of much needed social reform in 1920s Indian society. ''Nirmala'' was serialised in ''Chand'', a women's magazine in which the novel's [[feminist literature|feminist]] character was represented. ''Nirmala'' is somewhat like ''[[Godaan]]'' (published in 1936) in that it deals with the exploitation of the village poor, and ''[https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/nandita-deb-dubois/1129449967 Nandita]'' (2016) in similarities of being shackled by society's narrow expectations of how a woman should be. ''Nirmala'' was translated by multiple scholarly translators. It was first translated in 1988 as '''''The Second Wife''''' by [[David Rubin (writer)|David Rubin]],<ref>{{Cite book|author=Premacanda|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1256511417|title=The second wife|date=2007|publisher=Orient Paperbacks|oclc=1256511417|access-date=13 February 2022|archive-date=13 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813141459/https://worldcat.org/title/1256511417|url-status=live}}</ref> and in 1999 as ''Nirmala'' by Alok Rai, Premchand's grandson.

==Plot==
Udayabhanu Lal, a lawyer, arranged to marry off his 15-year-old daughter Nirmala to Bhuvanmohan Sinha, son of Bhalchadra Sinha. Kalyani, Nirmala's mother advises Lal not to spend too much money on Nirmala's marriage as he also has the duty of getting her second daughter, Krishna married. Angered by Kalyani's words, he decides to teach her a lesson by leaving his old dresses along the riverbank and going out to the next village for sometime to make Kalyani believe that he is dead. Lal was later murdered by his rival Mathayi, who was once tried in court by Lal and sentenced to jail. The death of Lal caused the Sinhas to withdraw from the [[arranged marriage]] since there was no longer a large dowry as anticipated prior to Lal's death. Kalyani writes a letter to Rangili bai, Bhuvanmohan sinha's mother telling about her pitiful situation. Rangili bai's effort of making her husband and son understand ends up in vain. With the help of Pandit Motaram, Kalyani searches a groom for Nirmala. Financial hardship forced Nirmala's mother, Kalyani, to marry her off to Totaram, a lawyer 20 years her senior. Totaram tried his best to seduce his beautiful young wife but to no avail. He once tells a false story that he killed two thieves who had big swords with them to make her feel that her husband is full of bravery. But Nirmala who knows that it is a false story, still smiles and acts as though she is happy. She had no feelings for him other than respect and a sense of duty, which fell short of the love he expected to receive from his wife.

Totaram had three sons from his first marriage. His eldest son Mansaram was only a year older than Nirmala. It was not long before Totaram grew suspicious of Nirmala due to his widow sister, Rukmini's words and her relationship with his son Mansaram. Jealousy and suspicion caused him to send Mansaram away to live in a [[hostel]], a decision they all soon came to regret. Mansaram's health soon deteriorated in the hostel environment. It was Bhuvanmohan who treated Mansaram at the hospital. When Mansaram was in need of blood it was Nirmala who donated her blood after which Totaram realises his mistake. Bhuvanmohan learned about Nirmala, he arranged for his brother to marry Nirmala's sister, Krishna, as penance. Bhuvanmohan was haunted by his thoughts of Nirmala and her distress. Mansaram eventually died of [[tuberculosis]].<ref name="inflibnet1">{{cite thesis |last=Gautam |first=Tota Ram |year=2011 |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/11238/8/08_chapter%202.pdf |chapter=Chapter II: Review of Literature on the English Translations of ''Godaan'' and ''Nirmala'' |title=Loss and Gain in Translation from Hindi to English: A Stylistic Study of Multiple English Translations of Premchand's Godaan and Nirmala |place=[[Aligarh]], India |publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]] |pages=34–63 |via=[[Shodhganga]] |access-date=4 May 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114422/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/11238/8/08_chapter%202.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Totaram was heartbroken and guilt ridden over his role in his son's death. Rukmini fuels the fire in Jiyaram and Siyaram that Nirmala was the reason for their brother's death. They believe in Rukmini's false words. It was not long thereafter when his second son, Jiyaram absconded with Nirmala's jewels and fled from Totaram's house. He later committed [[suicide]]. Totaram's third son Siyaram also fled, having been lured away by a false [[Sadhu|saint]]. Depressed over the loss of his sons, Totaram set off on a mission to find his only living son, Siyaram.

Meanwhile, Bhuvanmohan was back in Nirmala's life as the husband of her friend, Sudha. He tried to seduce Nirmala, but his wife learned of it and criticised him harshly. Bhuvanmohan became emotionally distressed, and out of sorrow and his love for her, he committed suicide.<ref name="inflibnet1"/> Depressed by the sad turn of events and her own failing health, Nirmala gave her daughter Asha to Rukhmini and died. A much older Totaram returned home to discover Nirmala had died. Rukmini realised her mistake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gaur |first=Arun |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060917/spectrum/book5.htm |title=An absorbing treat |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=17 September 2006 |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060917/spectrum/book5.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="OUP">{{cite web |url=http://www.oup.co.in/product/oxford-india-paperback/indian-writings/literature/223/nirmala/9780195658262 |title=Nirmala By Alok Rai (Translator) |website=oup.co.in |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105221/http://www.oup.co.in/product/oxford-india-paperback/indian-writings/literature/223/nirmala/9780195658262 |archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Characters==
* '''Nirmala''' the protagonist; a 15-year-old girl, married off to Totaram who is 20 years her senior.<ref name="Nirmala by Premchand in Hindi">{{cite web |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sachi.nirmala_premchand_hindi.AOUCEFZDJMLDYOKD |title=Nirmala by Premchand in Hindi |website=[[Google Play]] |access-date=5 April 2014 |archive-date=8 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408020419/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sachi.nirmala_premchand_hindi.AOUCEFZDJMLDYOKD |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Totaram''' Nirmala's husband, a lawyer of 35.
* '''Mansaram''' Totaram's eldest son from his first wife; suspected of having a relationship with Nirmala, and forces him out of the house to live in a hostel where he eventually dies.
* '''Jiyaram''' Totaram's second son from his first wife; he blames his father for the death of his older brother and flees from home after absconding with Nirmala's jewelry. He eventually commits suicide.
* '''Siyaram''' Totaram's third son from his first wife; he is lured away from his father's house by a false saint.
* '''Asha''' Totaram and Nirmala's daughter.
* '''Rukhmini''' Totaram's widowed sister.
* '''Udayabhanu Lal''' Nirmala's father.
* '''Kalyani''' Nirmala's mother.
* '''Krishna''' Nirmala's younger sister.
* '''Bhuvanmohan Sinha''' former fiancé of Nirmala. After the death of Nirmala's father, he learns there will not be a dowry and withdraws from the marriage.
* '''Sudha''' Bhuvanmohan's wife and the companion of Nirmala.
* '''Bhalchandra Sinha''' father of Bhuvanmohan Sinha.
* '''Rangili bai''' Bhalchandra sinha's wife and Bhuvanmohan sinha's mother.
* '''Pandit Motaram''' a wise priest.
* '''Bhungi''' maid in Totaram's house.
* '''Saros''' Nirmala Sister
* '''Sooraj''' Nirmala's Lover
* '''Samay''' Nirmala's uncle

==Background==
Set against a background of [[British Raj|pre–independent India]], ''Nirmala'' depicts a realistic and picturesque portrait of the 1920s, the language and milieu of the era.<ref>{{cite book |author=Premchand|year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMNi52LHCIC&q=the+second+wife |title=The Second Wife |publisher=Orient Paperbacks |isbn=978-81-222-0418-6}}</ref> It characterises the evils of the dowry system, and in doing so reflects the author's desire to bring about social reform and raise the status of women in society. The author's words illustrate his country's poor, and paints a picture of rural India consisting largely of a static society, the clashes of [[caste system in India|castes]], its poverty and exploitation, and the rich character of its people.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lal|first=Anupa |year=2008|orig-year=1995 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iizmbYlwflQC&pg=PA5 |chapter=Introduction|title=The Premchand Reader, Selected Stories 1 |publisher=Ratna Sagar |isbn=978-81-7070-213-9}}</ref> The novel covers a time span of about six years during which time Nirmala transitions from student to wife and thereafter, a mother. It was an era when self-respect and public image were of fundamental importance in the society. Eating meals was observed with an extreme ritualistic importance. In traditional homes, women did not eat with the men, and waited for them to finish before they were permitted to eat. There was also a [[nosocomephobia|fear of hospitals]] [and also of blood transfusion] which explains the hesitation of the character Totaram and his guilt over sending his son to a hospital. The generations that have passed since the novel was first written have seen dramatic changes in "attitude, sensibility and aspiration". ''Nirmala'' is a reflection of a time in Indian society when a young girl's "greatest sin was to require a husband who would accept her without a dowry".<ref name="rubin">{{cite book|last=Rubin|first=David|year=2005 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMNi52LHCIC&pg=PA9 |chapter=Translator's Introduction|title=The Second Wife|publisher=Orient Paperbacks|pages=9–10|isbn=81-222-0418-X}}</ref>

==Publication==
{{Quote box |width=30em | bgcolor=#ACE1AF |align=right |quote=[''Nirmala'' is] a tale of woman's tragedy [...] — which nevertheless rises above the usual limitations of a ''roman a these'' in its dramatisation of very specific and highly individualised private lives [and] makes its appeal on a basis of universal human experience that transcends any local peculiarities of customs or culture.|salign=right|source=—David Rubin in the "Translator's Introduction" of the book<ref>{{cite book|last=Rubin|first=David|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMNi52LHCIC&pg=PA6|chapter=Translator's Introduction|title=The Second Wife|publisher=Orient Paperbacks|year=2005|pages=6, 10|isbn=81-222-0418-X}}</ref>}}
''Nirmala'' was one of Premchand's most popular novels of its time in India, a time of oppression for women in Indian society that drew increasing attention from writers and poets.<ref name="rubin"/> Prior to being published in its entirety, ''Nirmala'' was serialised in the magazine ''Chand'' between November 1925 and November 1926.<ref name=gupta>{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Prakash Chandra |author-link=P. C. Gupta |title=Prem Chand |series=Makers of Indian Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1998 |orig-year=1968 |page=35 |isbn=81-260-0428-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bTUt0PwnCaYC&pg=PA35}}</ref> It was during the time when Premchand first embarked on writing fiction based on contemporary social issues.<ref name="rubin"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=David |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMNi52LHCIC |title=The Second Wife |publisher=Orient Paperbacks |isbn=978-81-222-0418-6}}</ref> Unlike his other works, ''Nirmala'' has a darker tone and ending, and its characters are less idealised.<ref name="rubin1">{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=David |year=2005 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMNi52LHCIC&pg=PA5 |chapter=Translator's Introduction |title=The Second Wife |publisher=Orient Paperbacks |pages=5–6 |isbn=81-222-0418-X}}</ref> It was translated into English for the first time in 1988.<ref name="rubin"/><ref>{{cite journal |last=Mukherjee |first=Meenakshi |author-link=Meenakshi Mukherjee |date=2008 |url=http://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/Volume5/ARTICLES/06%20-%20Translation%20Review%20-%20A%20Review%20of%20Reviews%20-%20Meenakshi%20Mukherjee.pdf |title=Translation Review: A Review of Reviews |journal=Translation Today |volume=5 |issue=1 & 2 |pages=54–64 |access-date=26 January 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111647/http://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/Volume5/ARTICLES/06%20-%20Translation%20Review%20-%20A%20Review%20of%20Reviews%20-%20Meenakshi%20Mukherjee.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Amruta Subhash at Balak Palak.jpg|thumb|[[Amruta Subhash]] played Nirmala in ''Tehreer Munshi Premchand Ki'' by [[Gulzar]]]]

==Legacy==
[[Francesca Orsini]] called it a prime example of Premchand's combination of [[social realism]] and drama. [[Gulzar]] believed the novel was a little outstretched, and had a tendency to repeat many emotions, but also had its diversions and contradictions. He further explained that Premchand specialised in subjects that revolved around a young girl under 18 years old who suddenly becomes a woman after marrying a man who is much older.<ref name="The Hindu"/>

Many films based on the story's theme were also produced, such as ''Tehreer Munshi Premchand Ki'' directed by Gulzar and shown in [[Doordarshan]]. Nirmala's role was played by the [[Marathi people|Marathi]] actress [[Amruta Subhash]] who received many accolades.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |last=Tankha |first=Madhur |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/premchand-had-a-great-influence-on-me-gulzar/article5971832.ece |title=Premchand had a great influence on me: Gulzar |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=9 October 2014 |date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=8 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508041243/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/premchand-had-a-great-influence-on-me-gulzar/article5971832.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Trivedi |first=Harish |date=31 May 1999 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Changed-In-Rebirth/207529 | title=Changed In Rebirth |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref>

[[Ananya Khare]] played the lead role in the Doordarshan TV serial ''Nirmala'' in 1987.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Google books|YoKeNMVpkFIC|Nirmala}}
* [https://www.hindustanbooks.com/books/nirmala/nirmala.pdf ''Nirmala''] at Hindustan Books
{{Premchand}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1927 novels]]
[[Category:Hindi-language novels]]
[[Category:Indian novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Novels about Indian women]]
[[Category:Novels by Premchand]]
[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]
[[Category:Novels set in British India]]
[[Category:Novels set in the 1920s]]

Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade

2026-01-14T22:52:55Z

Vernell29N: improved content for clarity to improve readability

{{short description|Indian physician and author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade''' is an Indian surgeon and author, who was awarded [[Padma Bhushan]] (2019),<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Padma Awardees 2019 |url=https://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/2019AwardeesList.pdf |website=Padmaawards.gov.in |publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> India's third-highest [[Indian honours system|civilian award]] for his work in the medical field.<ref>{{cite news |title=लातूरचे डॉ. अशोक कुकडे यांना पद्म भूषण पुरस्कार |url=http://www.saamana.com/padma-bhushan-award-to-dr-ashok-kukade-latur/ |publisher=[[Saamna]] |date=January 25, 2019 |language=Marathi}}</ref> He is the co-founder of [[Vivekanand Hospital and Research Center]] along with Dr.Firke, Dr.Alurkar in [[Latur]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ग्रंथालय अधिवेशनाच्या स्वागताध्यक्षपदी डॉ. कुकडे |url=https://www.esakal.com/marathwada/latur-news-ashok-kukade-60942 |publisher=[[Sakal]] |date=July 20, 2017 |language=Marathi}}</ref>

== Publications ==
* {{cite book |title=Katha Ek Dhyeysadhnechi (कथा एका ध्येयसाधनेची) |publisher=Snehal Prakashan |url=https://www.rasik.com/cgi_bin/display_book.cgi?bookId=b3521&lang=marathi |language=Marathi}}<ref>{{cite news |title=ध्येयनिष्ठ डॉक्टरांमुळे वैद्यकीय व्यवसाय टिकून |url=https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/pune-news/articleshow/16814251.cms |publisher=[[Maharashtra Times]] |date=October 15, 2012 |language=Marathi}}</ref>
{{portal|India|Biography}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kukade, Ashok Laxmanrao}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian surgeons]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}

Karnataka Tamils

2026-01-09T05:58:47Z

Vernell29N: creating initial pg first draft

{{Short description|Community of Tamil speakers from Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2025}}

[[File:Bharatanatyam 1.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Bharatanatyam]] is a classical dance form popular amongst the Tamils]]

The '''Karnataka Tamils''' are a social community of [[Tamil language]] speakers living in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. Significant population of [[Tamils]] are found in [[Bengaluru]], and the districts of [[Chamrajnagar district|Chamrajnagar]],
[[Kolar district|Kolar]], [[Mandya district|Mandya]], [[Mysuru district|Mysuru]], and other regions of the old [[Mysore Kingdom]]. As per the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], there were 2.1 million Tamils living in Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/tamilnadu/tamil-speaking-persons-indian-states-323616.html|title=தமிழ்நாட்டைத் தவிர தமிழ் மொழி பேசுவோர் எந்த மாநிலத்தில் அதிகம் தெரியுமா?|date=29 June 2018|work=One India|lang=ta|trans-title=Tamil speaking persons in Indian states|access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref>

Tamils migrated to Bengaluru in three major waves, the first after the 10th century CE; the second during the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]; and the third, in the 18th century, for government jobs during the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/Building-blocks-of-one-of-the-city%E2%80%99s-largest-communities/article12544791.ece|title=Building blocks of one of the city's largest communities|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> Until 1950, some parts of Karnataka were part of the erstwhile [[Madras Presidency]]. According to [[1991 census of India|1991 census]], Tamil speakers formed 21% of the population of Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZ2Ejl6C2-sC&pg=PA16|title=Modernisation and Ethnicity: Locating the Telugu Community in Bangalore|author=D. V. Kumar|page=16}}</ref>

== History ==
According to Srinivas, at the end of the tenth century, the Cholas from Tamil Nadu began to penetrate in areas east of Bangalore; it later began to extend its control over parts of present-day Bangalore, such as Domlur on the eastern side of the city. Around 1004, during the reign of [[Rajendra Chola I]], the Cholas defeated the Western Gangas, and captured Bangalore. In the 19th century, Bangalore essentially became a [[Twin cities (geographical proximity)|twin city]], with the "pētē", whose residents were predominantly [[Kannadiga]]s, and the "cantonment" created by the British, whose residents were predominantly British and [[Tamil people|Tamils]].<ref>{{cite thesis|title=KANNADA MOVEMENT|page=50|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941|format=PDF|website=Scholar.lib.vt.edu|date=6 May 2004 |hdl=10919/9941|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf|archive-date=5 June 2012|type=Thesis |url-status=live|last1=Vagale |first1=Uday Kumar }}</ref>

== Communities ==

=== Hebbar Iyengar ===
Hebbar [[Iyengar]]s were formerly an endogamous group and constitute a part of the [[Iyengar]] sub-caste of the [[Karnataka]] Brahmins. They are traditionally followers of [[Ramanuja]] and [[Vedanta Desika]]. They hail primarily from [[Hassan, India|Hassan]], [[Mysore]], [[Tumkur]], [[Bangalore]], and surrounding areas in southern [[Karnataka]]. The characteristic dialect of the Hebbar Iyengars is called [[Hebbar Tamil]] and is a mixture of [[Iyengar Tamil]], [[Kannada]] and [[Sanskrit]]. The group's primary mother tongue is Hebbar Tamil which is spoken in most Hebbar Iyengar households, though Kannada and English are increasingly taking its place. A peculiar characteristic of Iyengar Tamil (including Hebbar Tamil) is its retention of divine or holy food terminology. For example, Iyengar Tamil makes distinctions between potable ([t̪iːrt̪o]) and non-potable water ([d͡ʒʌlo]), the former considered sacred but both borrowed from Sanskrit. Standard Tamil exhibits only the generic term for 'water'. The Vaishnavite Brahmins of Southern Karnataka use the Tamil surname "Iyengar" and are believed to have migrated during the time of the 11th century Vaishnavite saint [[Ramanujacharya]]. Most Iyengars in Karnataka use sub-dialects of [[Iyengar Tamil]].

=== Thigala ===
[[Thigala]] or Tigala are a Tamil social group found in parts of Karnataka.<ref name="People of India">{{cite book|title=People of India|page=1423|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBQwAQAAIAAJ&q=thigala+Vanniar|isbn=9788185938981|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=India|first2=Anthropological Survey of|year=2003|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India }}</ref> They are likely a sub-caste of [[Vanniyar]]s. The Thigalas celebrate an annual festival called Karaga. The story of the Karaga is rooted in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and [[Draupadi]] is the community deity of the people.<ref name="People of India" /> The Karaga festival is generally led by the men of the community. A legend gives them this privilege: Thigalas believe that in the last part of the Mahabharatha, when the [[Pandavas]] were shown a glimpse of hell, one last [[asura]] called Tripurasura was still alive. At this time, Draupadi, the wife of the Pandavas, took the form of [[Shakthi]]. She created a huge army of soldiers called the Veerakumaras. After defeating the asura, the soldiers asked Shakthi to stay back with them. Though she had to go back, she promised them that she would come to stay with them every year during [[Chitra Pournami (festival)|Chitra Pournami]], the first [[full moon]] of the first month of the [[Hindu calendar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Karaga|url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=10&contentid=200904212009042100394852e56efa0a&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |work=Bangalore Mirror|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707213004/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=10&contentid=200904212009042100394852e56efa0a&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |archivedate=7 July 2011 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
[[Tamil people|Tamils]] form 3.46% of the total population of the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of India - DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 PERSONS BY LANGUAGE |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011050151/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm |archive-date=11 October 2012 |access-date=29 January 2014}}</ref> Almost 5 million Tamils live outside Tamil Nadu, inside India. There has been a recorded presence of Tamil-speaking people in Southern Karnataka since the 10th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=Landscapes of Urban Memory|pages=100–102|chapter=The Settlement of Tamil speaking Groups | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-JXDD0gcHgoC&pg=PA100|author=Smriti Srinivas|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=9788125022541}}</ref>

Suburbs of the [[Bangalore Cantonment]] ([[Fraser Town, Bangalore|Fraser Town]], [[Murphy Town, Bangalore|Murphy Town]], [[Shivajinagar, Bangalore|Shivajinagar]], Shantala Nagar,[[Vasanth Nagar]], [[Cooke Town]], Langford Town, Benson Town,[[Ulsoor]], [[Austin Town]], Sivanacheti Gardens, Richards Town, [[Cox Town, Bangalore|Cox Town]], [[Richmond Town]], Neelasandra and Viveknagar) have a large [[Tamil People|Tamil]] population. They trace their ancestry to the large number of Tamil speaking soldiers, suppliers and workers who were brought into the Bangalore Civil and Military Station, by the British Army, after the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|fall of Tippu Sultan]]. The [[Bangalore Cantonment]] was directly under the administration of the British [[Madras Presidency]] till 1949, when it was handed over to the [[Mysore State]].<ref name=Srivatsa>{{cite news|last1=Srivatsa|first1=Sharath S|title=Bangalore calling: it all goes way back…|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article1939954.ece|accessdate=3 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|work=The Hindu|date=31 October 2007}}</ref><ref name=Arul>{{cite web|last1=Steve|first1=Arul|title=Specialization On Social And Cultural Indifference Among Kgf Tamil Migrants|url=https://arulsteve736.wordpress.com/2013/04/17/specialization-on-social-and-cultural-indifference-among-kgf-tamil-migrants/|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=4 January 2015|date=17 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=Aliyeh3>{{cite web|last1=Rizvi|first1=Aliyeh|title=Greet.Meat.Eat.|url=https://aturquoisecloud.wordpress.com/2013/07/18/greet-meat-eat/|website=A Turquoise Cloud|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=4 January 2015|date=18 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=Dasharathi>{{cite web|last1=Dasharathi|first1=Poornima|title=Cantonment: colonial past, multicultural present|url=http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/295-bangalore-cantonment|publisher=Citizen Matters|accessdate=23 December 2014|date=23 July 2008}}</ref><ref name=Aam>{{cite web|title=Right to be a Minority institution (and make majority profits)|url=https://aamadmo.wordpress.com/2012/07/07/right-to-be-a-minority-institution-and-make-majority-profits/|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=4 January 2015|date=7 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=Harshitha2>{{cite web|last1=Harshitha|first1=Samyuktha|title=The Mootocherry of Bangalore|url=http://ramubangalore.blogspot.com.au/2013/06/the-mootocherry-of-bangalore.html|website=Suttha Muttha|via=Blogspot.com.au|accessdate=4 January 2015|date=1 June 2013}}</ref> Significant Tamil-speaking populations are also found in areas of Bangalore not part of the Cantonment such as [[Devara Jeevanahalli]], [[Lingarajapuram]], [[Banaswadi]], [[Chamarajpet]], [[Kalasipalyam]], [[Wilson Garden]], [[Srirampura]], [[Malleswaram]], [[Vyalikaval]], [[Hebbal, Bangalore|Hebbal]], [[Vidyaranyapura]] and [[Yelahanka]] as well as the eastern and south-eastern localities of Bangalore which are in proximity to the IT Corridor ([[Whitefield, Bangalore|Whitefield]], [[Electronics City]] and the [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Outer Ring Road]]) such as [[Baiyyappanahalli]], [[Krishnarajapuram]], [[Indiranagar, Bangalore|Indiranagar]], [[Domlur]], [[Koramangala]], [[BTM Layout]], [[HSR Layout]], [[Bannerghatta Road]], [[Madiwala]], [[Bommanahalli]], [[Jayaprakash Nagar, Bangalore|J. P. Nagar]] and [[Marathahalli]] among others. Many of the Tamilians living within or close to the IT corridor of Bangalore are first-generation immigrants who have migrated from [[Tamil Nadu]] to work in the IT industry in the city.

== Politics ==
[[Tamils]] play an important role in [[Karnataka]]'s politics there are few legislative constituencies like :-

* [[Shivajinagar, Bangalore|Shivajinagar]] - out of nearly 1.67 lakh voters in the constituency 92,000 are [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking people about 55% of the constituency. [[Tamils]] play a key role in deciding the winning candidate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Express |newspaper=Indian Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article1531428.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221221541/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article1531428.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref>
* [[Gandhi Nagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar]] - out of nearly 1.8 lakh voters in the constituency 90,000 are [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking people about 50% of the constituency. [[Tamils]] play a key role in deciding the winning candidate<ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=Tamil votes to decide the fate of Gandhinagar candidates |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/tamil-votes-decide-fate-gandhinagar-2258304 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kolar Gold Field Assembly constituency|K.G.F(Kolar Gold Field)]] - [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking people are about 80% of the constituency.[[Tamils]] play a key role in deciding the winning candidate.
* [[Pulakeshinagar Assembly constituency|Pulikeshinagar]] - [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking people are about 50% of the constituency. [[Tamils]] play a key role in deciding the winning candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil votes to decide the fate of Pulikeshinagar candidates
|date=19 April 2023 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Apr/19/aiadmk-fields-candidate-against-bjp-in-karnataka-constituency-with-large-tamil-population-2567477.html}}</ref>

[[Tamils]] even play an important role in [[Karnataka]]'s parliamentary politics there are few Lok Sabha constituencies like :-

* [[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency]] - out of nearly 14 lakh voters in the constituency 5.5 lakh are [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking people about 39% of the constituency. [[Tamils]] play a key role in deciding the winning candidate.<ref name="Kaggere">{{cite news |last1=Kaggere |first1=Niranjan |date=9 April 2014 |title=Tamil voters will decide winner in B'lore Central |publisher=Bangalore Mirror |issue=Bangalore |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Tamil-voters-will-decide-winner-in-Blore-Central/articleshow/33460807.cms |accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Hegde">{{cite news |last1=Hegde |first1=Bhaskar |date=13 April 2014 |title=Will Tamilians back BJP this election? |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |issue=Bangalore |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140413/nation-politics/article/will-tamilians-back-bjp-election |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mohan |first1=P C |date=10 April 2014 |title=Support from Tamil Sangham 10-04-2014 |url=http://pcmohan.org/support-from-tamil-sangham-10-04-2014/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104114903/http://pcmohan.org/support-from-tamil-sangham-10-04-2014/ |archive-date=4 January 2015 |accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref>
* [[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency]] - [[Tamils]] play a key role in deciding the winning candidate.

==Tamil inscriptions==
{{main|Tamil inscriptions of Bangalore}}

===Temple inscriptions===

====Chokkanathaswamy Temple, Domlur====
[[File:Domlur chola stone art 10th century,bangalore.jpg|thumb|160px|left|upright|[[Chola dynasty|Chola]] Tamil inscriptions at the Chokkanathaswamy Temple, Domlur]]
[[File:Vijaynagar Tamil Inscription, Someshwara Temple, Ulsoor.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijaynagar]] Tamil inscription, [[Halasuru Someshwara Temple|Someshwara Temple]], [[Ulsoor]]]]
The [[Domlur Chokkanathaswamy temple|Chokkanathaswamy Temple]] is a 10th-century [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] temple, located in [[Domlur]]. There are a number of [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] inscriptions in the temple. Domlur is called as Tombalur or Desimanikkapattanam in these inscriptions. Chakravarthi Posalaviraramanatha Deva has left inscriptions with directions to temple authorities of his kingdom. Further some inscriptions record the tributes, taxes and tolls made to the temple by [[Deva Raya II|Devaraya II]] of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar Empire]], which state the houses, wells, land around Tombalur were offered to the deity Sokkapperumal. Another Tamil inscription dated 1270 talks about 2 door posts being donated by Alagiyar. Yet another inscription in Tamil details Talaikkattu and his wife donating lands from Jalapalli village and Vinnamangalam tank to the deity. A 1290AD inscription talks about donation of ten pens from the revenue of Tommalur by Poysala vira Ramananda.<ref name=Rice>{{cite book|last1=Rice|first1=Benjamin Lewis|title=Mysore: A Gazetteer Compiled for Government|date=1887|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=London, UK|isbn=8120609778|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0wSoEIub1YC&q=tamil+inscriptions+in+bangalore&pg=PA70|accessdate=17 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=Githa>{{cite news|last1=Githa|first1=U B|title=A Chola temple in Domlur!|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp|accessdate=4 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=19 April 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104114438/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp|archive-date=4 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Githa1>{{cite web|last1=Githa|first1=U B|title=Chokkanathaswamy Temple, a fine example of Chola architecture|url=http://www.chitralakshana.com/chokkanatha.html|website=Chitralakshana.com|accessdate=17 January 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202919/http://www.chitralakshana.com/chokkanatha.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Sridhar>{{cite web|last1=Sridhar|first1=Lakshminarasimhan|last2=Sridhar|first2=Geetha|title=Chokkanarayan Swamy Temple Domlur|url=http://www.vishnutemplesofkarnataka.info/Bang/Chokanarayana.htm|website=Vishnutemplesofkarnataka.info|accessdate=16 January 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118114213/http://www.vishnutemplesofkarnataka.info/Bang/Chokanarayana.htm|archivedate=18 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=Priyanka>{{cite news|last1=Rao|first1=Priyanka S|title=Chokkanatha: The city's oldest temple|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article524984.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118114415/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article524984.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2015|accessdate=18 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=19 May 2012}}</ref><ref name=Harshitha-Domlur>{{cite web|last1=Harshitha|first1=Samyuktha|title=The temple of the Cholas|url=http://ramubangalore.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/the-temple-of-cholas.html|website=Ramubangalore.blogspot.com.au|accessdate=25 January 2015|date=10 December 2012}}</ref>

====Someshwara Temple, Begur====
The [[Old Madiwala Someshwara Temple, Bangalore|Someshware temple]] at [[Madiwala|Madivala]] is one of Bangalore's oldest, dating back to the [[Chola Dynasty|Chola]] period. There are a number of [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] and [[Grantha Alphabet|Grantha]] inscriptions on the outer walls of the temple. The oldest of these inscriptions dates to 1247 AD talks about a land grants "below the big tank of Vengalur" by a Veppur (modern Begur) resident. Other inscriptions also talk about other land grants including those done during the reigns of [[Veera Ballala III|Ballala III]] and [[Rajendra Chola]]. Another instrciption dated 1365 talks about land grand at Tamaraikkirai (which translates to 'lotus pond bank' in Tamil, and according to HS Gopala Rao, Secretary of the Karnataka Itihasa Academy refers to the present day Tavarekere suburb.<ref name=Meera>{{cite news|last1=Iyer|first1=Meera|title=Ancient temple; bustling junction|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/14855/content/212867/from-mann-mysore.html|accessdate=4 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=20 July 2009}}</ref><ref name=Srikumar>{{cite book|last1=Srikumar|first1=S|title=Kolar Gold Field: (Unfolding the Untold)|date=12 March 2014|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1482815078|page=57|edition=International|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrWEAwAAQBAJ&q=tamil+inscription+begur&pg=PA57|accessdate=18 January 2015}}</ref>

===Village inscriptions===
====Kadugodi====
A Tamil inscription from dating 1043AD exists in [[Kadugodi]], from the period of [[Rajendra Chola I]], which describes the construction of the Pattanduru Lake, and Ganesh, Durga and Kshetrapaala temples by Chola chieftain Raja Raja Velan son of Permadi Gavunda.<ref name=Krishnamurthy>{{cite journal|last1=Krishnamurthy|first1=P V|title=Inscriptions of Bangalore East Taluk - A Study|journal=Itihasa Dharshana|date=2005|volume=20|url=http://karnatakaitihasaacademy.org/2014/11/20/inscriptions-of-bangalore-east-taluk-a-study/|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=29 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129123246/http://karnatakaitihasaacademy.org/2014/11/20/inscriptions-of-bangalore-east-taluk-a-study/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Marathahalli====
Doddanekkundi village, located north of [[Marathahalli]], and much older than Marathahalli, has two ancient inscriptions in Tamil. The first inscription dated 1304, mentions the village name as Nerkundi and talks about the existence of a fort around the village constructed in 1304. The second inscription talks about the Hoysala king [[Veera Ballala III|Ballala III]] granting the entire revenue of the Doddanekkundi village to the Shivagange Temple. There is also a Telugu inscription in Marathahalli. According to scholars, this shows the use of Tamil and Telugu in Bangalore, much before the reign of [[Krishnadevaraya]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijaynagar Kingdom]].<ref name=Marathahalli>{{cite news|last1=Aruni|first1=S K|title=Of inscriptions and the medieval period|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-neighbourhood/of-inscriptions-and-the-medieval-period/article2794112.ece|accessdate=16 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|work=The Hindu|date=12 January 2012}}</ref>

===British Period inscriptions in Tamil===
[[File:WarMemorialBangalore.jpg|thumb|160px|right|Madras Regiment War Memorial, Bangalore]]

====Madras Sappers War Memorial, Brigade Road====
A war memorial raised by the British to commemorate the lives lost in different wars by the [[Madras Engineer Group|Madras Sappers]] Regiment. It details the number of British officers, Indian officers and soldiers who died fighting during [[Second Opium War]] in China, [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]](1885–87), [[World War I]], [[Mesopotamian Campaign|Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)]] (1916–18), [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East Africa]] (1914-18) and the [[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North West Frontier]] (1915). The soldiers fell during the Indian wars of [[Battle of Assaye|Assaye]], [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|Seringapatam]], [[Sitabuldi Fort|Seetabuldee]] and [[Battle of Sholinghur|Sholinghur]] are also acknowledged. The inscriptions are both in English and Tamil.<ref name=Rodricks>{{cite news|last1=Rodricks|first1=Allan Moses|title=A chapter from the war|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/hidden-histories-the-memorial-at-brigade-road-junction-in-bangalore-salutes-the-heroes-of-a-bygone-era/article6426720.ece|accessdate=5 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|work=The Hindu|date=19 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=Karthik-Deccan>{{cite news|last1=Karthik|first1=S A|title=A memorial for WWI Warriors|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/424831/a-memorial-wwi-warriors.html|accessdate=16 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=11 August 2014}}</ref>

====Broadway, Shivajinagar====
When an encroached storm water drain was cleared in [[Shivajinagar, Bangalore|Shivajinagar]], a huge plaque dating back to the 19th century was found. The stone, shows the progress of the building of the British [[Bangalore Cantonment]]. It reads 'This stone laid across the main channel in 1868 and worn by the feet of two generations was set up to mark the opening of this bridge and road on 16 February 1922'. The inscription is in English, Tamil and Urdu. According to SK Aruni, deputy director of the [[Indian Council of Historical Research]], Tamil was used as all the workers of the British were Tamil people, and Urdu to communicate to the Hindustani men working for the British.<ref name=TOI-Shivajinagar>{{cite news|title=Slice of history found in encroached drain|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Slice-of-history-found-in-encroached-drain/articleshow/45891306.cms|accessdate=16 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|work=The Times of India|date=15 January 2015}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:OldmadiwalasomeshwaraTemple.jpg|Tamil inscriptions at the Someshwara Temple, Madivala
File:Domlur Chola Temple.jpg|Tamil inscriptions at the Chokkanathaswamy Temple, Domlur
File:War_memorial,_Brigade_Road,_Bangalore.JPG|British War Memorial in Bangalore in English & Tamil
</gallery>

== Notable people ==
* [[Arjun Janya]], music composer
* [[B. M. Sundaravadanan]], doctor
* [[J. Jayalalithaa]], politician
* [[K. Seshadri Iyer]], bureaucrat
* [[Masti Venkatesha Iyengar]], poet
* [[N. Veeraswamy]], film producer
* [[Priyanka Arul Mohan]], film actor
* [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]], film director
* [[R. Sarathkumar]], film actor
* [[Ramesh Aravind]], film actor
* [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]], film actor
* [[Sadhu Kokila]], film actor
* [[Varun Chakravarthy]], cricketer
* [[Naveen Chandra]], film actor

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

;Bibliography and sources
*{{cite book | last1 = De | first1 = Aditi | title = Multiple city: writings on Bangalore | publisher = Penguin Books India | year = 2008 | isbn = 9780143100256 | ref=Aditi2008}}
*{{cite book | last1 = Srinivas | first1 = Smriti | title = Landscapes of Urban Memory: The Sacred and the Civic in India's High-tech City | edition = revised | publisher = [[Orient Blackswan]] | year = 2004 | isbn = 9788125022541 | ref=Sri2004}}
*{{cite book|title=Dynamics of Language Maintenance Among Linguistic Minorities: A Sociolinguistic Study of the Tamil Communities in Bangalore Volume 2 of Sociolinguistics series|publisher= Central Institute of Indian Languages|year= 1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hyViAAAAMAAJ|author= Jennifer Marie Bayer }}

{{Tamil language}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karnataka Tamils}}
[[Category:Indian Tamil people|Bangalore]]
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Culture of Bengaluru]]

Hasmukh Baradi

2025-12-31T07:56:58Z

Vernell29N: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{short description| Indian playwright and theater artist (1938–2017)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Hasmukh Baradi
| image = Hasmukh Baradi 2010.jpg
| caption = Baradi in 2010
| birth_name = Hasmukh Jamnadas Baradi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1938|12|23}}
| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2017|2|4|1938|12|23}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Playwright|theater artist|[[theater critic]]}}
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| residence =
| education = [[Master of Arts]] (M.A)
| alma_mater =
| period =
| movement =
| notable_works = {{plainlist|
* ''The History of Gujarati Theatre''
* ''Raino Darpanrai''}}
| spouse = Jyoti
| children = 1
| awards =
| signature = Hasmukh Baradi autograph.svg
| years_active =
}}

'''Hasmukh Jamnadas Baradi''' (23 December 1938 – 4 February 2017) was a distinguished Gujarati playwright, theater artist, theater critic, and a Russian language expert from India. Over his career, Baradi authored more than two dozen plays, with six premiering at prestigious venues such as the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi|Central Sangeet Natak Academy]] and the [[National School of Drama]] Festivals. He also penned the "History of Gujarati Theatre" which was published by the [[National Book Trust]] in New Delhi in 1996, and later translated into English by Vinod Meghani in 2003.

==Early life and education==
[[File:Hasmukh Baradi with his wife Jyoti in 2011.jpg|thumb|Baradi with his wife Jyoti in 2011]]
Baradi was born on 23 December 1938 in [[Rajkot]]. After completing his primary and secondary education in Rajkot, he received a diploma in theater direction from Saurashtra Sangit Natak Academy in 1961. Afterwards, he joined the [[Gujarat University]], where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1964 in English literature and [[Sanskrit]]. He received a Master of Arts in Theater History from [[Russian Academy of Theatre Arts|Lunacharsky State Institute for Theatre Arts]], [[Moscow]] in 1972.<ref name="Gujarati Vishwakosh">{{Cite book|title=ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ|trans-title=Gujarati Encyclopedia|first=Dhirubhai|last=Thaker|author-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|publisher=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh|Gujarati Vishwakosh Trust]]|location=Ahmedabad|year=2000|volume=13|pages=361–362|oclc=248968520}}</ref> From 1959 to 1964, he worked as a playwright at [[All India Radio|Aakashvani]] in [[Vadodara]] and Rajkot.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web | title=સવિશેષ પરિચય: હસમુખ બારાડી, ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય પરિષદ | website=Gujarati Sahitya Parishad | url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Hasmukh-Baradi.html | language=gu | access-date=1 July 2018 | archive-date=14 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914034215/http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Hasmukh-Baradi.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Works==
[[File:Hasmukh baradi 1970s in Moscow.jpg|thumb|Baradi in 1970s at [[Moscow]]]]
Baradi attempted a fusion of tradition and modernity in his plays.<ref name="ModiTrivedi2006">{{cite book|author1=Chinu Modi|authorlink1=Chinu Modi|author2=Darshana Trivedi|title=Two Plays: Aurangzeb, Naishadhrai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CZnAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=[[Gujarat Sahitya Academy]]|location=Gandhinagar|page=V|oclc=608616129}}</ref> He ran the Garage Studio Theater, which performed in [[Bhavai]] theatrical style, a traditional folk theatrical form particularly common in Western India. He wrote many plays within the Bhavai form which delved on topics of social reforms.<ref name="Sinha2004">{{cite book|author=Biswajit Sinha|title=Folk theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzEbAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Raj Publications|isbn=978-81-86208-35-9|page=41|access-date=2018-07-04|archive-date=2014-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704131037/http://books.google.com/books?id=UzEbAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

Baradi wrote ''Kalo Kamlo'' ({{abbr|lit.|literally}} Black Blanket), an experimental psychological play which he had published in 1975, and was translated into [[Hindi]] in 1980 as ''Kala Kambal''. He also wrote ''Raino Darpanrai,'' an adaptation of ''[[Raino Parvat]]'', as well as ''Baradina Be Natako'' (1984), ''Janardan Joseph'' (1985), ''Pachhi Shebaji Bolia'', ''Jashumati Kankuvati'', ''Eklu Aakash ane Bija Natako'', ''Tame Aanathi Ramtata'' and ''Akhu Aikhu Farithi''. In addition, Baradi translated ''[[Uncle Vanya]]'' by [[Anton Chekhov]] into Gujarati as ''Vanya Mama'' (1983).<ref name="GSP"/><ref name="Thakar1999">{{cite book|last=Thaker|first=Dhirubhai P.|authorlink=Dhirubhai Thaker|title=Glimpses of Gujarati literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NjAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Gujarat Sahitya Akademy|location=Gandhinagar|isbn=81-7227-061-5|pages=38, 93|access-date=2018-07-25|archive-date=2020-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214193308/https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NjAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MukherjeeKothari1995">{{cite book|author1=Bimal Mukherjee|author2=Sunil Kothari|author3=Ananda Lal|title=Rasa: Theatre and Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfsLAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Anamika Kala Sangam|location=Kolkata|page=131|oclc=35263244|access-date=2018-07-25|archive-date=2016-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221201433/https://books.google.com/books?id=dfsLAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1983, Baradi wrote ''Natak Sarikho Nadar Hunnar'' (1983), a work of theater criticism.<ref name="GSP"/> He also wrote ''Gujarati Theaterno Itihas'', a literary history of Gujarati theater, which was translated into English by Vinod Meghani as ''The History of Gujarati Theatre'' in 2004.<ref name="Kothari2005">{{cite book|author=Rita Kothari|authorlink=Rita Kothari|title=Translating India: The Cultural Politics of English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_Ceg7sfYIoC&pg=PA91|date=20 December 2005|publisher=Foundation Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7596-305-4|page=91|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-date=26 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726141441/https://books.google.com/books?id=I_Ceg7sfYIoC&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref>

== List of Published Work ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Publication Title
! Author/Writer Name
! ISBN NO.
|-
|2015
|Gandhari Ane 100 Kundo
|Hasmukh Baradi
|978-93-82679-40-0
|-
|2015
|Natyarshi Jashwant Thaker
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2014
|Telephone: Aekanki
|Hasmukh Baradi
|978-93-8392-31-1
|-
|2014
|"Suyodhan":Beanki
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2014
|Rang Parivrajak Goverdhan Panchal, Jivanrekha
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2014
|Karmashil Vidhvan Goverdhan Panchal
|Hasmukh Baradi
|978-81-922546-2-3
|-
|2014
|Film Madhyam Ane Nirman Kala
|Hasmukh Baradi
|978-93-81265-84-0
|-
|2014
|Bengali Theatre
|<nowiki>Kiranmay Raha | Translation: Hasmukh Baradi</nowiki>
|978-81-237-7083-3
|-
|2011
|Televishan Karyakarm - Nirman Ane Madhyam Parichay (Reprint)
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2010
|"Jashumati Kankuvati"-Beanki Padyanatak
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2010
|"Sahu Ne Aek Ganika Joye, Urfe…Shakar Mahaavtar, Aparampara…'(Beanki)
|Hasmukh Baradi
|978-81-8440-396-1
|-
|2010
|Augosto Boal
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2010
|Triji Disha (Varta Sangrah)
|Hasmukh Baradi
|978-93-80294-53-7
|-
|2009
|"Baradi Na Tran Natako"
|Hasmukh Baradi
|978-93-80294-46-9
|-
|2009
|Two Plays In English -('Shakar' and Jashumati Kankuvati')
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2009
|"Rangbhoomi Parva"
|Hamukh Baradi
|978-81-8480-247-4
|-
|2005
|Theare Name Dhatana
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2003
|"History Of Gujarati Theatre"
|Hamukh Baradi, Translation: Vinod Meghani
|81-237-4032-8
|-
|2002
|"Natak Deshvideshman"
|Dr.Dhirubhai Thaker & Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|2000
|"Abhinaykala" - Jasvant Thakar
|Sampadan/Edited by Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1998
|"Flash Back"
|Rasiklal Vakil & Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1998
|Chehaf Na Faras Natako
|<nowiki>Anton Chekhov | Translation: Hasmukh Baradi</nowiki>
|81-7227-036-4
|-
|1997
|Gujarati Theatre no Itihas
|Hasmukh Baradi
|81-237-1995-7
|-
|1997
|Gujarat Na Jyotidharo: Jasvant Thakar
|Editor : Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1997
|Cross Fade (Stories)
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1997
|Film Nirman Ane Kala
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1997
|TV-Radio-Samuh Madhyam
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1997
|Aengal Camera No Ane Jivanno
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1997
|Madhyam Saksharta
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1995
|"Baradi Nan Be Natako" ("Pachhi Robajee Bolya" - Trianki, Ane "Jasumati Kankuvati"-Beanki)
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1995
|Natak Sarikho Nadar Hunnar
(Natyalekho) (Reprint)
|Hasmukh Baradi
|
|-
|1995
|"Janardhan Joseph" Beanki
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1995
|"Teer-no-Sannanat"-Aekanki Sangrah
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1994
|Bertolt Brecht - a monogram
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1994
|Gandhari (Ladhunval)
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1993
|Televishan Karyakarm - Nirman Ane Madhyam Parichay
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1993
|Antral
|Jean Genet - Hasmukh Baradi Digdarshan : Janak Rawal
| -
|-
|1989
|"Rai No Darpan Rai" Beanki
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1988
|Sachukalo Manas
|Hasmukh Baradi, Bela Trivedi
|5-25-001796-3
|-
|1987
|"Akelo Aakash" (Sindhi)
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1986
|Sinduria Sadh
|Hasmukh Baradi
|5-05-000135-8
|-
|1986
|Lukomorya
|Hasmukh Baradi
|5-05-000756-9
|-
|1985
|"Eklun Akash And Bijan Natako"
Beanki
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1985
|Mara Viswavidhyalayo
|Hasmukh Baradi
|5-05-000134-x
|-
|1983
|Natak Sarikho Nadar Hunnar (Natyalekho)
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1983
|Vanyamama
|Anton Chekhov, Translation: Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|-
|1974
|"Kalo Kamlo" Beanki
|Hasmukh Baradi
| -
|}

==Death==
He died on 4 February 2017 in [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name="The Times of India 2017">{{cite web | title=Playwright Hasmukh Baradi passes away | website=The Times of India | date=2017-02-05 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/playwright-hasmukh-baradi-passes-away/articleshow/56977548.cms | access-date=2018-06-02 | archive-date=2018-08-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813183655/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/playwright-hasmukh-baradi-passes-away/articleshow/56977548.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> His daughter, Manvita Baradi, is a director, theater teacher, and architect in Ahmedabad.<ref name="Theatre Media Centre">{{cite web | title=Theatre Training Institute - Ahmedabad | website=Theatre Media Centre | url=https://www.theatremediacentre.com/trustees | access-date=2018-06-02 | archive-date=2021-07-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726141543/https://www.theatremediacentre.com/trustees | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Awards==
Baradi received the [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1987 for writing ''Raino Darpanrai'' (1986), and received [[Kumar Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1981 for his overall contributions to Gujarati theater.<ref name="Gujarati Vishwakosh"/> He received Critics' Award of 1988 for ''Raino Darpanrai''.<ref name="Thaker1989">{{cite journal|last=Thaker|first=Dhirubhai|author-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|title=Gujarati Scene: Less rewarding, least relenting|date=November–December 1989|journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]]|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|volume=32|issue=6|page=52|jstor=23331306}} {{closed access}}</ref> He was also awarded Chandravadan Mehta Award-2000, for lifetime achievement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Chinmay |title=Hasmukh Baradi - UNESCO - Intangible Heritage |url=https://ich.unesco.org/doc/person_doc/00129.doc |website=ich.unesco.org/}}</ref>

==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Baradi, Hasmukh}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot district]]
[[Category:Writers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati theatre]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian theatre critics]]