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Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-05T04:20:06Z

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{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in West Bengal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Murshidabad {{Small|WB-11}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/West Bengal/Murshidabad.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Murshidabad Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mp = [[Abu Taher Khan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| assembly_cons = [[Bhagabangola Assembly constituency|Bhagabangola]] [[Raninagar Assembly constituency|Raninagar]] [[Murshidabad Assembly constituency|Murshidabad]] [[Hariharpara Assembly constituency|Hariharpara]] [[Domkal Assembly constituency|Domkal]] [[Jalangi Assembly constituency|Jalangi]] [[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur]]
| electors = 18,88,097 (2024)<ref>{{Cite web| title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | date=2024-05-25 | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525141320/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=2024-05-25}}</ref>
}}

'''Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency''' is a [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituency in [[Murshidabad district]], West Bengal, India. While six assembly segments of No. 11 Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency are in [[Murshidabad district]], one assembly segment is in [[Nadia district]].

{{Pie chart|caption=The most successful party in the Lok Sabha elections|color1={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|color3={{party color|Independent}}|color4=|label1=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|label2=[[Indian National Congress]]|label3=Others|label4=|value1=47.05|value2=23.52|value3=29.41|value4=}}

==Assembly segments==
[[File:Westbengalen Wahlkreise Lok Sabha.svg|thumb|250 px|right|'''Parliamentary constituencies in West Bengal''' – 1. Cooch Behar, 2. Alipurduars, 3. Jalpaiguri, 4. Darjeeling, 5. Raiganj, 6. Balurghat, 7. Maldaha Uttar, 8. Maldaha Dakshin, 9. Jangipur, 10. Baharampur, 11. '''Murshidabad''', 12. Krishnanagar, 13. Ranaghat, 14. Bangaon, 15. Barrackpore, 16. Dum Dum, 17. Barasat, 18. Basirhat, 19. Jaynagar, 20. Mathurapur, 21. Diamond Harbour, 22. Jadavpur, 23. Kolkata Dakshin, 24. Kolkata Uttar, 25. Howrah, 26. Uluberia, 27. Serampore, 28. Hooghly, 29. Arambagh, 30. Tamluk, 31, Kanthi, 32. Ghatal, 33. Jhargram, 34. Medinipur, 35. Purulia, 36. Bankura, 37. Bishnupur, 38. Bardhaman Purba, 39. Bardhaman Durgapur, 40. Asansol, 41. Bolpur, 42. Birbhum]]

As per the order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[delimitation of constituencies]] in West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 11 Murshidabad is composed of the following segments since 2009:<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 27 May 2009 | work = Table B – Extent of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher =Government of West Bengal}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! #
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026 Winner]]
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|62
|[[Bhagabangola Assembly constituency|Bhagabangola]]
|rowspan="6" |[[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
|[[Reyat Hossain Sarkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
| 63
|[[Raninagar Assembly constituency|Raninagar]]
|Julfikar Ali
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|64
|[[Murshidabad Assembly constituency|Murshidabad]]
|[[Gouri Shankar Ghosh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|73
|[[Hariharpara Assembly constituency|Hariharpara]]
|[[Niamot Sheikh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|75
|[[Domkal Assembly constituency|Domkal]]
|Md. Mostafijur Rahaman
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|76
|[[Jalangi Assembly constituency|Jalangi]]
|Babar Ali
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|77
|[[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur]]
|[[Nadia district|Nadia]]
|Samarendranath Ghosh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

In 2004 Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 1 October 2010 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>[[Lalgola Assembly constituency|Lalgola]] (assembly constituency no. 55), [[Bhagabangola Assembly constituency|Bhagabangola]] (assembly constituency no. 56), [[Murshidabad Assembly constituency|Murshidabad]] (assembly constituency no. 58), [[Jalangi Assembly constituency|Jalangi]] (assembly constituency no. 59), [[Domkal Assembly constituency|Domkal]] (assembly constituency no. 60), [[Hariharpara Assembly constituency|Hariharpara]] (assembly constituency no. 62), [[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur]] (assembly constituency no. 69)

==Members of the Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lok Sabha
!Duration
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1st Lok Sabha|First]]||1952–57||rowspan=2|[[Muhammed Khuda Bukhsh]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name=loksabha1952A>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title = General Elections, India, 1951– Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 25 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]||1957–62<ref name=loksabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1957– Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 25 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]||1962–67||rowspan=2|[[Syed Badrudduja]]||{{Full party name with color|Independent Democratic Party (India)|rowspan=2}}<ref name=loksabha1962>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962– Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 25 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]||1967–71<ref name=loksabha1967>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | title = General Elections, India, 1967 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission | access-date = 25 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | archive-date = 18 July 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]]||1971–77||[[Chowdhury Abu Taleb|Abu Taleb Chowdhury]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}<ref name=loksabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]||1977–80||Kazim Ali Meerza||{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<ref name=loksabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |title = General Elections, 1977 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]||1980–84||rowspan=5|[[Syed Masudal Hossain]]||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}<ref name =loksabha1980>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |title = General Elections, 1980 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]||1984–89<ref name=loksabha1984>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title = General Elections, 1984 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]||1989–91<ref name=loksabha1989>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |title = General Elections, 1989 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]||1991–96<ref name=loksabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |title = General Elections, 1991 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]||1996–98<ref name=loksabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf |title = General Elections, 1996 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]||1998–99||rowspan=2|[[Moinul Hassan]]<ref name=loksabha1998>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title = General Elections, 1998 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 25 May 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]||1999-04<ref name=loksabha1999>{{cite web |url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title = General Elections, 1999 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 25 May 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date = 18 July 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]||2004–09||rowspan=2|[[Abdul Mannan Hossain]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name=loksabha2004>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |title = General Elections, 2004 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]||2009–14<ref name=loksabha2009>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title = General Elections, 2009 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]||2014–19||[[Badaruddoza Khan]]||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<ref name=loksabha2014>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf |title = General Elections 2014 – Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 21 June 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]||2019–24||rowspan=2|[[Abu Taher Khan]]||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[18th Lok Sabha|Eighteenth]]||2024–
|}

==Election results==
===General election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Murshidabad]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Murshidabad">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Murshidabad |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2511.htm |access-date=9 July 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709043854/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2511.htm |archive-date=9 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Murshidabad Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Murshidabad Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/murshidabad |access-date=9 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709043832/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/murshidabad |archive-date=9 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Murshidabad Lok Sabha Election Results 1962 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Murshidabad Lok Sabha Election Results 1962 - 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/lok-sabha/constituencies/murshidabad-wb_11_2024 |access-date=9 July 2025 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709043953/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/lok-sabha/constituencies/murshidabad-wb_11_2024 |archive-date=9 July 2025 |language=en-us}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Abu Taher Khan]]|party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=6,82,442|percentage=44.27|change={{increase}}2.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=5,18,227|percentage=33.62|change={{increase}}21.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Gouri Shankar Ghosh]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,92,031|percentage=18.94|change={{increase}}1.89}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Md. Taiedul Islam|votes=3,293|percentage=0.21|change={{increase}}0.21}}
{{Election box majority|votes=1,64,215|percentage=10.65|change={{decrease}}5.02}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=15,39,112{{efn|does not include postal ballots}}|percentage=81.52|change={{decrease}}2.77}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = CPI(M)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Murshidabad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/murshidabad-lok-sabha-election-result-512/|title=2019 Lok Sabha Election Result}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Abu Taher Khan]]|party= All India Trinamool Congress|votes=6,04,346|percentage=41.57|change={{increase}}19.56}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Abu Hena (Indian politician)|Abu Hena]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=3,77,929|percentage=26.00|change={{decrease}}5.72}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Humayun Kabir (Bharatpur politician)|Humayun Kabir]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,47,809|percentage=17.05|change={{increase}}9.15}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Badaruddoza Khan]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=1,80,793|percentage=12.44|change={{decrease}}21.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=NOTA|votes=15,025|percentage=1.03|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=2,26,417|percentage=15.57|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=14,54,192|percentage=84.29|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Murshidabad<ref name=loksabha2014/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Badaruddoza Khan]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=426,947|percentage=33.33|change=-10.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Abdul Mannan Hossain]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=408,494|percentage=31.72|change=-15.49}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohammad Ali |party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=289,027|percentage=22.44|change=+22.44}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sujit Kumar Ghosh|votes=101,069|percentage=7.85|change=+3.83}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India United Democratic Front|candidate=Md. Nojmul Hoque|votes=11,333|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Kamrujjaman Khandekar|votes=8,378|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Welfare Party of India|candidate=Md. Khodabox Sekh|votes=6,445|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Masudul Islam|votes=6,010|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Jitendra Nath Halder|votes=5,722|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian Union Muslim League|candidate=Abdul Bari|votes=5,383|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Asim Kumar Das|votes=4,539|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Amra Bangalee|candidate=Swapan Kumar Mondal|votes=4,260|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=10,156|percentage=0.79|change=---}}

{{Election box majority||votes=18,453|percentage=1.43|change=-1.96}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,287,764|percentage=85.16|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections|General Election, 2009]]: [[Murshidabad]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf | title = General Elections, 2009 (15th Lok Sabha) Constituency Wise Detailed Results | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India | access-date = 25 January 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120331000657/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf | archive-date = 31 March 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Abdul Mannan Hossain]]
| votes = 496,348
| percentage = 47.21%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = [[Anisur Rahman (politician, born 1952)|Anisur Rahman]]
| votes = 460,701
| percentage = 43.82%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Nirmal Kumar Saha
| votes = 42,290
| percentage = 4.02%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Santwana Halder (Saha)
| votes = 11,991
| percentage = 1.14%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Khadija Banu
| votes = 9,090
| percentage = 0.86%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Dr.Sukumar Ghosh
| votes = 8,204
| percentage = 0.78%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Chitta Ranjan Mondal
| votes = 7,913
| percentage = 0.75%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Mehdi Alam
| votes = 5,897
| percentage = 0.56%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Assam United Democratic Front
| candidate = Jaforulla Molla
| votes = 5,630
| percentage = 0.54%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Chandan Kr. Mondal
| votes = 1,970
| percentage = 0.19%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Md. Sahazamal
| votes = 1,349
| percentage = 0.13%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 35,647
| percentage = 3.39%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,051,383
| percentage = 88.14%
| change = 23
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: [[Murshidabad]]<ref name="auto"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Abdul Mannan Hossain]]
| votes = 461,895
| percentage = 46.00%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = [[Moinul Hassan]]
| votes = 446,415
| percentage = 44.50%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = All India Trinamool Congress
| candidate = Mohammad Ali
| votes = 43,716
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Khadija Banu
| votes = 13,686
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = PBRML
| candidate = Abdur Rashid Mondal
| votes = 10,446
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Abdul Hannan Sheikh
| votes = 10,013
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Unity Centre of India
| candidate = Babita Halder
| votes = 7,503
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Dinesh Mandal
| votes = 4,793
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National League
| candidate = Md. Sahabuddin
| votes = 4,550
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Syed Nawab Jani Mirza
| votes = 4,204
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 15,480
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,007,221
| percentage = 88.14
| change = 23
}}
{{Election box swing with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: [[Murshidabad]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = [[Moinul Hassan]]
| votes = 391,366
| percentage = 47.30%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Abdul Mannan Hossain]]
| votes = 268,006
| percentage = 32.39%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = All India Trinamool Congress
| candidate = Sagir Hossain
| votes = 142,275
| percentage = 17.20%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Khadija Banu
| votes = 11,773
| percentage = 1.42%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = MUL
| candidate = Moulana Md. Abdul Bari
| votes = 6,220
| percentage = 0.75%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Sandhya Mondal
| votes = 3,289
| percentage = 0.40%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Nripendra Nath Mandal
| votes = 2,178
| percentage = 0.26%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = SUCI
| candidate = Nasrat Ali Mandal
| votes = 921
| percentage = 0.11%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
| candidate = Uttam Halder
| votes = 859
| percentage = 0.10%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National League
| candidate = Rezwan meerza
| votes = 508
| percentage = 0.06%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 123,360
| percentage = 14.8
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 9,26,375
| percentage = 77.33%
| change = 23
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Murshidabad]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = [[Moinul Hassan]]
| votes = 463,401
| percentage = 49.96
| change = +4.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Anarul Hossain Khan
| votes = 272,935
| percentage = 29.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Trinamool Congress
| candidate = Sagir Hossain
| votes = 149,061
| percentage = 16.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Abdus Salam
| votes = 19,054
| percentage = 2.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Muslim League Kerala State Committee
| candidate = Saimuddin Sarkar
| votes = 16,254
| percentage = 1.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Union Muslim League
| candidate = Mondal Kader
| votes = 5,542
| percentage = 0.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Party
| candidate = Nripendra Nath Mandal
| votes = 1,351
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 190,466
| percentage = 20.3
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 9,39,684
| percentage = 81.4%
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: [[Murshidabad]] }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Masudal Hossain Syed
| votes = 452,273
| percentage = 45.40%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Anarul Hossain Khan
| votes = 415,088
| percentage = 41.70%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Amulya Mondol
| votes = 60,339
| percentage = 6.10%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Abdus Salam
| votes = 23,734
| percentage = 2.40%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Sarkar Gopinath
| votes = 8,559
| percentage = 0.90%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = Ansari Mohammad Ali
| votes = 5,153
| percentage = 0.50%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sakta Roy
| votes = 3,118
| percentage = 0.30%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Union Muslim League
| candidate = Abbas Ali
| votes = 2,363
| percentage = 0.20%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Amra Bangalee
| candidate = Narendra Nath Biawas
| votes = 1,379
| percentage = 0.10%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Joynal Abedin
| votes = 537
| percentage = 0.10%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 37,185
| percentage = 3.7%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 9,96,549
| percentage = 87.6%
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1952–2004===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Winner
|
!Runner-up
|-
|
!Candidate
!Party
!Candidate
!Party
|-
|1952
|Muhammad Khuda Bukhsh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Dhirendra Nath Rai
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<ref name=loksabha1952B>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title=General Elections, India, 1951– Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120817/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|1957
|Muhammad Khuda Bukhsh
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Abu K.M.Zakaria
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]<ref name=loksabha1957/>
|-
|1962
|Syed Badaruddoja
|Indian Union Muslim League
|Abdus Sattar
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1962/>
|-
|1967
|Syed Badaruddoja
|Indian Union Muslim League
|M.K.Bukhsh
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1967/>
|-
|1972
|Syed Badaruddoja
|Indian Union Muslim League
|M.K. Bakhas
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1971/>
|-
|1977
|Syed Kazim Ali Meerza
|Bharatiya Lok Dal
|Azizur Rahman
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1977/>
|-
|1980
|[[Syed Masudal Hossain]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|[[Abdus Sattar (Murshidabad politician)|Abdus Sattar]]
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]<ref name=loksabha1980/>
|-
|1984
|[[Syed Masudal Hossain]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Azizur Rahman
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1984/>
|-
|1989
|[[Syed Masudal Hossain]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Azizur Rahman
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1989/>
|-
|1991
|[[Syed Masudal Hossain]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Ali Hossain Mondal
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1991/>
|-
|1996
|[[Syed Masudal Hossain]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Anarul Hossain Khan
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1996/>
|-
|1998
|[[Moinul Hassan]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Anarul Hossain Khan
|[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=loksabha1998/>
|-
|1999
|[[Moinul Hassan]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Abdul Mannan Hossain
|[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=loksabha1999/>
|-
|2004
|[[Abdul Mannan Hossain]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Moinul Hassan]]
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=loksabha2004/>
|-
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist|30em}}
==See also==
* [[Murshidabad]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[1972 Murshidabad by-election]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{Murshidabad topics}}

{{Coord|24.18|N|88.27|E|display=title|format=dms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Murshidabad district]]

Chaurchan

2026-05-04T21:57:33Z

Veirdo: creating

{{Short description|Festival in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent}}
[[File:Chaurchan Puja.jpg|thumb|Chaurchan Puja celebration by [[Maithils|Maithil]] people in Mumbai]]
'''Chaurchan''' is a festival for married women in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is also known as '''Chorchanna/Chakchanna Parab''', Chauth Chand or Chauth Chandra or Chorchan Puja. It is dedicated to [[Ganesha]] and the moon god [[Chandra|Chandra Deva]]. During the festival, married women fast, and different types of dishes are prepared as [[Prasad (food offering)|prasad]]. The [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] fast is also observed on this day. Along with Ganesha, [[Vishnu]], [[Parvati]], and the moon god are worshipped. The story of Chorchan Puja is also heard on this day after that Arghya is offered to Chandra Deva.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chauth Chand 2022: आज मनाई जाएगी चौठ चन्द्र पूजा, चांद की इस तरह होती है पूजा |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/religion/ganesh-chaturthi-2022-mithila-chaurchan-parv-puja-vidhi-shubh-muhurat-know-how-to-worship-moon-sry |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=Chaurchan Puja 2022 Wishes & Chauth Chandra Puja HD Images: Celebrate This Mithila Festival of the Moon on Ganesh Chaturthi Sharing Chaurchan Photos, Messages & Wallpapers|url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/festivals-events/chaurchan-puja-2022-wishes-chauth-chandra-puja-hd-images-celebrate-this-bihar-festival-of-the-moon-on-ganesh-chaturthi-sharing-chaurchan-photos-messages-wallpapers-4143117.html |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref>

== Description of Chaurchan Puja ==
[[File:Chaurchan.jpg|thumb|Prasad of Chaurchan Puja]]
During the Chaurchan Puja, the fasting is observed for the whole day. Married women in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] clean the courtyard of their houses by smearing it with cow dung. Religious pictures known as [[Aripan|''aripan'']] are drawn where the puja will be performed with Pithar made of raw rice and some vermilion are placed on them. Various types of dishes, [[kheer]], sweets, fruits, and curd are served on large banana leaves in the courtyard. In the evening, fasting women turn towards the west and offer Arghya to the moon by keeping the bowl of sweets, dishes, curd, banana, fruits etc, in their hand while chanting [[mantra]]s.

The following mantras are chanted while offering Arghya which are as follows

सिंहः प्रसेनमवधिस्सिंहो जाम्बवता हतः

सुकुमार मन्दिस्तव ह्येष स्यामन्तकः स्त'<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-29 |title=चौरचन पूजा आखिर क्यों मनाई जाती है? गणपति को देखकर हंस दिए थे चंद्रमा {{!}} चौरचन पूजा मंत्र जानें {{!}} Chaurchan Puja aakhir kyon manate Hain |website=News Viral SK |url=https://newsviralsk.com/chaurchan-puja-aakhir-kyon-manate-hain.html |access-date=2022-08-30 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Story of the Chaurchan Puja ==
[[File:Ganesha at alakh.jpg|thumb|Statue of Ganesha]]
One day, Ganesha was roaming on [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] with his vehicle mouse. Chandra Deva laughed seeing him. Ganesha did not understand the reason for his laughter and asked Chandra Deva "Why are you laughing?". Chandra Deva said he was laughing seeing the strange form of Ganesha. At the same time, he also revealed his form. Ganesha became angry at Chandra Deva for making fun of him, and cursed Chandra Deva, saying "you are very proud of your appearance that you look very beautiful but from today you would become ugly. Anyone who sees you will get a false stigma. He will be called a criminal even though he has not committed any offence". On hearing the curse, Chandra Deva's pride was shattered. He apologized to Ganesha and said, "Lord, free me from this curse". Seeing Chandra Deva repenting, Ganesha forgave him. The curse could not be withdrawn completely so it was said that anyone who would see the moon god on the day of [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] will be falsely accused. To avoid this, moon is worshiped in Mithila on the evening of [[Ganesh Chaturthi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=चौरचन के दिन की जाती है श्रापित चंद्र की पूजा, जानिये महत्व, कथा और शुभ मुहूर्त |url=https://www.jansatta.com/religion/chaurchan-festival-celebrated-in-mithila-bihar-is-tomorrow-know-auspicious-muhurat-importance-and-vrat-katha/1502109/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref>
[[File:Chandra the Moon, by Ravi Varma Press.jpg|thumb|Illustration of Chandra Deva]]''Chauth Chand'' is also mentioned in [[Brahma Purana]]. There is a story related to [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]. According to the story, Krishna was accused of stealing the ''[[Syamantaka]]'' gem, which was stolen by Prasena. A lion killed Prasena, then [[Jambavan]] killed that lion and acquired the gem. After this, Krishna defeated Jambavan in a war, got the gem, and became free from the stigma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-16 |title=Chaurchan 2023 |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/life-and-style/travel/chaurchan-2023-know-about-the-famous-chaurchan-parv-of-mithilanchal-know-about-festival-in-the-areas-of-mithila-sry |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

== History ==
According to historians, the festival of Chaurchan Puja became popular in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] during 16th century CE. There is a history related to it in regime of the [[Hemangada Thakura|King Hemangad Thakur]] of Mithila Kingdom. Once King Hemangad Thakur was arrested by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] for not paying tax to the Mughal emperor. He was brought to Delhi and sent to jail. In the jail he composed his astronomical text [[Hemangada Thakura|Grahan Mala]] which is the account of eclipses dates for 1088 years from 1620 AD to 2708 AD. It is said that Mughal emperor [[Akbar]] became very impressed with Hemangad Thakur for his work Grahan Mala, so he returned tax free Mithila Kingdom to the King Hemangad Thakur. When Hemangad Thakur came to Mithila with tax free kingdom, Queen ''Hemalata'' said "Today the moon of Mithila has become free from stigma, we will see and worship it." After that the people of Mithila started celebrating the festival of Chaurchan Puja with larger enthusiasm. King Hemangad Thakur, with the consultations from Pandits, declared Chaurchan as ''Lokaparva'' (Folk festivals) of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila Kingdom]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=लोकपर्व चौरचन: कलंकमुक्ति के लिए होती है चौठ के कलंकित चांद की पूजा, जानें क्या है मान्यता |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/lokparv-chaurachan-worship-of-tarnished-moon-of-chauth-is-done-for-liberation-of-stigma-asj |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Hinduism in Mithila]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Nepal]]
[[Category:Maithil Brahmin]]

Mufaddal Saifuddin

2026-05-01T11:35:19Z

Veirdo:

{{short description|53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{Promotional|date=February 2026}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific prefix = {{smallcaps|Syedna}}
| honorific suffix = {{small|[[List of Dā'ī of Dawoodi Bohra|53rd]] [[Dā'ī al-Mutlaq]] of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]]}}
| title = {{hlist|Syedna|Da'i al-Fatemi|Da'i al-Mutlaq|Aqeeq al-[[Yemen]]<ref name=knowsms1>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/know-more-about-dawoodi-bohra-chief-mufaddal-saifuddin-34490.html |title=Know more about Dawoodi Bohra chief Mufaddal Saifuddin |date=11 August 2014 |publisher=[[India TV]] |website=indiatvnews.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621111053/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/know-more-about-dawoodi-bohra-chief-mufaddal-saifuddin-34490.html |archive-date=21 June 2016}}</ref>}}
| birth_name = Aali Qadr Mufaddal
| native_name = مُفضّل سيفُ ٱلدّين
| native_name_lang = ar

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|8|20|df=yes}}{{r|knowsms1}}
| birth_place = [[Surat]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]{{r|knowsms1}}
| children = {{plainlist|
* [[Jafar us Sadiq Imaduddin]]<ref name=egpro>{{Cite news |title=سلطان البهرة في الهند.. منع الربا في تعاملات البنوك ويطعم مليون شخص يوميا حول العالم |trans-title=Sultan of Bohra in India .. prohibiting usury in banking transactions and feeding two million people daily around the world |language=ar |url=https://www.elbalad.news/1104316 |publisher=El Balad |website=elabalad.news |location=[[Cairo]] |date=17 August 2014 |last1=Abdel-Rahim |first1=Mohamed Sabry }}</ref><ref name=pakpri>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pakistanpoint.com/sd/national/news/story-197203.html |title=وزيراعظم سان سيدنا عالي قدر مفضل سيف الدين جي ملاقات |trans-title=Prime Minister Meeting with Syedna High Honorable Mufaddal Saifuddin |date=9 October 2017 |via=pakistanpoint.com |location=[[Islamabad]] |agency=[[Associated Press of Pakistan]] |language=sd}}</ref>
* [[Taha Najmuddin]]{{r|egpro}}{{r|pakpri}}
* [[Husain Burhanuddin]]{{r|egpro}}{{r|pakpri}}
* Ummehani A Nooruddin
* Ruqaiyyah Saifuddin}}
| office1 = [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]]
| predecessor1 = [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]]
| term_end1 =
| father = [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]]
| mother = Aaisaheba Amatullah
| spouse = {{marriage |Jawharatusharaf ({{nee|Najmuddin}})|1 January 1970}}<ref name=knowsms2>{{Cite news |title=Know more about Dawoodi Bohra chief Mufaddal Saifuddin |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/know-more-about-dawoodi-bohra-chief-mufaddal-saifuddin-34490.html/page/2 |date=11 August 2014 |publisher=[[India TV]] |website=indiatvnews.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705181645/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/know-more-about-dawoodi-bohra-chief-mufaddal-saifuddin-34490.html/page/2 |archive-date=5 July 2020}}</ref>
| module1 = {{Infobox person | embed=yes
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
* [[Al Jamea tus Saifiyah]]{{r|smsjamea}}
* [[Mumbai University]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Spiritual head of Dawoodi Bohras names second eldest son as heir |last1=Kamaal |first1=Saiyed |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/spiritual-head-of-dawoodi-bohras-names-second-eldest-son-as-heir/800295/ |date=7 June 2011 |location=Surat |website=archive.indianexpress.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618201629/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/spiritual-head-of-dawoodi-bohras-names-second-eldest-son-as-heir/800295/ |archive-date=18 June 2020 |access-date=18 June 2020 |quote=Muffadal Saifuddin is the second eldest among seven children of Dr Burhanuddin. Born in Surat, he moved to Mumbai for his school education and graduated from Mumbai University. He is presently a rector in Arabic University in Surat.}}</ref>
* [[Al-Azhar University]]<ref name=smsjamea>{{Cite web |title=His Holiness Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin TUS |url=https://jameasaifiyah.edu/philosophy-history/luminaries-of-aljamea-2/his-holiness-dr-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-tus/ |access-date=25 June 2020 |website=jameasaifiyah.edu |quote=His Holiness TUS appeared for the examinations of the historic Dawoodi Bohra educational institute Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in Surat where he graduated with the highest honours. He completed his undergraduate education in India and Egypt where he was privately tutored by distinguished professors from Cairo's leading universities including Cairo University and al-Azhar.}}</ref><ref name=albilad>{{Cite web |title=جهود متواصلة لدعم قيم السلم والتعايش |trans-title=Continuous efforts to support the values of peace and coexistence |date=18 November 2018 |language=ar |last1=Al Shula |first1=Abdulnabi |publisher=[[Al Bilad (Bahraini newspaper)|Al Bilad]] |location=[[Bahrain]] |website=albiladpress |url=https://albiladpress.com/news/2018/3687/columns/534495.html }}</ref>
* [[Cairo University]]{{r|smsjamea}}
}}
| honours = {{plainlist|
* [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.png|40px]] [[Order of the Nile]]
* [[File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg|40px]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya]]
* [[File:Nishan-e-Pakistan ribbon bar.svg|40px]] [[Nishan-e-Pakistan]]
}}

| signature = Mufaddal_saifuddin_signature_english.svg
}}
| image = Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin.jpg
}}

[[Sayyid|Syedna]] '''Mufaddal Saifuddin''' ({{Langx|ar|مُفضّل سيفُ ٱلدّين|translit=}}; born 20 August 1946) is the 53rd [[Da'i al-Mutlaq|al-Dai al-Mutlaq]] and leader of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] community, a [[Tayyibi Isma'ilism|Tayyibi]], [[Mustaali|Musta'li]], [[Ismaili]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] Muslim denomination.<ref name="m5002020">{{Cite web |url=https://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TheMuslim500-2020-low.pdf|title=The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims |website=themuslim500.com |access-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612095355/https://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TheMuslim500-2020-low.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=[[The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre]] |editor1-link=Abdallah Schleifer |editor1-last=Schleifer |editor1-first=S Abdallah |isbn=9789957635459 |location=[[Jordan]] |year=2019}}</ref><ref name="livemintbattle">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/the-battle-for-the-leadership-of-the-dawoodi-bohras-1564140215359.html|title=The battle for the leadership of the Dawoodi Bohras|last=Kappal|first=Bhanuj|date=2019-07-28|language=en |access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref> He succeeded his father, [[Mohammed Burhanuddin|Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin]], upon the latter’s death in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/660268/end-of-an-era-syedna-burhanuddin-is-no-more/|title=End of an era: Syedna Burhanuddin is no more|date=18 January 2014|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=18 November 2019}}</ref>

Born in [[Surat]], [[India]], Saifuddin was educated at [[Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah]] and pursued further studies in [[Cairo]]. During his father’s tenure, he held senior educational and administrative roles within the community.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/29/1977154/0/en/Beat-Plastic-Pollution-Campaign-Benefits-from-Global-Bohra-Commitment.html | title=Beat Plastic Pollution Campaign Benefits from Global Bohra Commitment | date=29 January 2020 }}</ref> As leader, he has overseen the expansion of community welfare initiatives such as Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah and Project Rise, as well as restoration projects of Fatimid-era monuments in [[Egypt]] and [[Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust|Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project]], an urban redevelopment project in Mumbais [[Bhendi Bazaar]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/a-kitchen-that-ensures-no-bohra-goes-to-bed-hungry/articleshow/86330495.cms | title=Mumbai: A kitchen that ensures no Bohra goes to bed hungry | Mumbai News - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=19 September 2021 }}</ref>

Saifuddin has served as Chancellor of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and [[Jamia Millia Islamia]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-11 |title=AMU gets first chancellor after 5 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/amu-gets-first-chancellor-after-5-years/articleshow/46890932.cms |access-date=2026-02-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and has received state honours including Kenya’s Chief of the [[Order of the Golden Heart (Kenya)|Order of the Golden Heart]], Egypt’s Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]], and Pakistan’s [[Nishan-e-Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-13 |title=Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin: Religious Leader Awarded Highest Honour by Ruto - Kenyans.co.ke |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/83137-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-religious-leader-awarded-highest-honour-ruto |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=www.kenyans.co.ke |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==

[[File:Syedna Taher Saifuddin Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin.jpg|thumb|right|A young Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin (bottom right) with his father, Mohammed Burhanuddin (right), and grand father, Taher Saifuddin (left) {{circa|1950}}.]]

Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin was born on 20 August 1946 ([[Laylat al-Qadr|23 Ramadan]] 1365 AH) in [[Surat, India]],<ref name="FreePress">{{cite web
|url = http://freepressjournal.in/syedna-aali-qadr-mufaddal-saifuddin/
|title = Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin
|publisher = Free Press Journal
|date = 26 January 2014
|access-date = 17 May 2014
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140208175533/http://freepressjournal.in/syedna-aali-qadr-mufaddal-saifuddin/
|archive-date = 8 February 2014}}</ref> He is the second son of the 52nd al-Dai al-Mutlaq, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, and the grandson of the 51st al-Dai al-Mutlaq, Syedna Taher Saifuddin. He was named Aali Qadr Mufaddal by his grandfather, the name's [[Abjad numerals|Abjad value]] corresponds to the year 1365 AH.<ref name="YR">{{Cite book |title=The 53rd al-Dai al-Fatimi: 75 Momentous Years in Retrospect |publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah Educational Trust |year=2019|location=Mumbai}}</ref>

From an early age, Saifuddin received personal spiritual and scholarly tutelage from both his grandfather and father, familiarising him with the values, customs, and traditions associated with the office of the al-Dai al-Mutlaq.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Shazāda Yusuf Najmuddin QR |url=https://jameasaifiyah.edu/dr-shahzada-yusuf-najmuddin-qr/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Aljamea-Tus-Saifiyah |language=en-US}}</ref> His early education, following Fatimi tradition, emphasised Quranic principles, forming the foundation of his later scholarly and community engagements. He completed his primary and secondary education in Mumbai and subsequently enrolled at [[Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah]] in [[Surat]], the community’s Arabic academy. He graduated in 1969 with the degree of al-Faqih [[al-Jayyid]] (Distinguished Jurist), considered equivalent to a master's in Islamic jurisprudence. In 1971, he was awarded the degree of ''al-Aleem al-Baari'' (Outstanding Scholar), a title conferred upon the institution’s most accomplished graduates.<ref name="YR" />

Between 1972 and 1978, Saifuddin pursued advanced Islamic studies in Cairo, engaging with scholars from [[Al-Azhar University]], [[Cairo University]], and other prominent academic institutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chancellor {{!}} AMU |url=https://amu.ac.in/sub-page/chancellor |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=Aligarh Muslim University |language=en}}</ref> His time in Cairo strengthened his expertise in Arabic language, literature, and Fatimi intellectual traditions, while broadening his exposure to Islamic scholarship and interfaith dialogue. During this period, he became known as al-Amir Mufaddal and represented his father in various academic and interfaith circles.

In addition to his studies in Cairo, Saifuddin also holds academic credentials from the [[University of Mumbai]] and is fluent in [[Lisan ud-Dawat]], [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi]], and [[Urdu]]. His practical experience was shaped by accompanying his father throughout most of his travels, witnessing firsthand the management of the community's religious, social, and civic affairs.

On 27 January 1969, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin privately designated Saifuddin as his successor at the age of 22 through ''nass'' (a formal spiritual designation).<ref name="YR" /> This designation was reaffirmed in 1994, 2005, and twice again publicly in 2011.<ref>Public discourse of Mufaddal Saifuddin at Saifee Masjid, Mumbai on 4 Rabi-al-Akhar 1435AH (4 February 2014)</ref>

Following a legal challenge by Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin’s brother, Khuzaima Qutbuddin, the Bombay High Court upheld Saifuddin’s succession as the 53rd al-Dai al-Mutlaq in April 2024, concluding a decade-long case.{{r|knowsms2}}<ref name="gulfnews.com">{{cite news |title=Profile of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/profile-of-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-1.1279387 |access-date=2 June 2016 |website=GulfNews.com}}</ref>

== Leadership ==
Saifuddin frequently travels to both major cities and remote towns, meeting individuals and families to offer guidance and oversee the implementation of religious, educational and welfare initiatives. These journeys often include discussions with government leaders, diplomats and civic officials on broader social and humanitarian matters, as well as wider citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-13 |title=Dawoodi Bohras Celebrate 82nd Birthday of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin in Surat |url=https://theblunttimes.in/dawoodi-bohras-celebrate-82nd-birthday-of-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-in-surat/52779/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Blunt Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

Sermons delivered during his visits serve as a principal platform for conveying Fatimi Islamic teachings. These addresses integrate traditional doctrine with contemporary relevance, especially engaging younger members of the community. The annual Ashara Mubaraka gathering, commemorating the martyrdom of Imam Husain, remains a significant event in this regard.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kothari |first=Sonu M. |date=2025-06-28 |title=Dawoodi Bohra's Ashara Mubaraka underway in Chennai |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2025/Jun/28/dawoodi-bohras-ashara-mubaraka-underway-in-chennai |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Saifuddin has introduced a range of initiatives aimed at strengthening social welfare. Among these are annual service week, launched in 2015, dedicated to "fostership" and "upliftment," encouraging resource-sharing and increasing access to housing, education, and financial security.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai News: Dawoodi Bohra Leader Asks Followers To Pursue Knowledge & Education |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-news-dawoodi-bohra-leader-asks-followers-to-pursue-knowledge-education |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> He has discouraged mobile phone use among children, cautioning against speculative financial practices and Ponzi schemes, and promoted interest-free economic models intended to support financial stability and ethical responsibility.

== Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah ==
In 1987, Saifuddin was appointed as one of the four rectors of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, the Dawoodi Bohra community’s principal academic institution. Although the youngest of the four, he was designated as the final authority among them.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-12 |title=Mumbai: Community service at core of Bohras' Jamea in Marol |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-community-service-at-core-of-bohras-jamea-in-marol/articleshow/97835167.cms |access-date=2026-02-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As patron, he has maintained a close relationship with Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah’s faculty and students, supervising curriculum development, oral examinations, and institutional planning. Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah currently serves approximately 3,000 students across four campuses under his leadership and emphasises both religious scholarship and preparation for leadership roles in broader society.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-12 |title=Mumbai: Community service at core of Bohras' Jamea in Marol |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-community-service-at-core-of-bohras-jamea-in-marol/articleshow/97835167.cms |access-date=2026-02-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Saifuddin has overseen the expansion of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, the principal educational institution of the Dawoodi Bohra community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-10 |title=What is the Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah which PM Narendra Modi inaugurated in Mumbai? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/aljamea-tus-saifiyah-pm-modi-8437351/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, a new campus of the institution was inaugurated in Nairobi, Kenya, at a ceremony attended by then-President Uhuru Kenyatta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newspaper |first=From the |date=2017-04-26 |title=Campus of Dawoodi Bohra community’s institute in Nairobi inaugurated |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1329303 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Dawn |language=en}}</ref>

In Mumbai, Saifuddin supervised the development of a new 850,000-sq-ft campus in Marol, which includes academic, residential, and administrative facilities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-09 |title=PM Narendra Modi to fortify bond with Dawood Bohras during Mumbai visit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/pm-narendra-modi-to-fortify-bond-with-dawood-bohras-during-mumbai-visit/articleshow/97751533.cms |access-date=2026-02-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The campus was inaugurated in February 2023 in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM inaugurates new campus of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in Mumbai |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1898061 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250504111503/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1898061 |archive-date=2025-05-04 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref> Coverage in newspapers such as ''The Hindu'', ''Indian Express'', and ''Times of India'' noted Syedna Saifuddin’s presence at the ceremony in his capacity as the community’s spiritual head and a leader associated with the institution.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-10 |title=What is the Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah which PM Narendra Modi inaugurated in Mumbai? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/aljamea-tus-saifiyah-pm-modi-8437351/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Saifuddin has expanded the role of Mahad al-Zahra, an institute under Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah established in 1976 and dedicated to the Quranic sciences. Under his leadership, advanced digital tools such as customized apps, recorded recitations, and live virtual classes have been introduced, allowing learners from diverse backgrounds to engage with the Quran more deeply.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=Dawoodi Bohras take up challenge of memorising Quran |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/dawoodi-bohras-take-up-challenge-of-memorising-quran-101679426449140.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Through these initiatives, Saifuddin has brought about a steady rise in the number of individuals young and old, who have memorized the Quran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Islamic |date=2023-05-04 |title=Bohra community held “Daur-e-Quran” sessions during Ramadan across the world - |url=https://islamicvoice.com/national-news-and-affairs/bohra-community-held-daur-e-quran-sessions-during-ramadan-across-the-world/,%20https://islamicvoice.com/national-news-and-affairs/bohra-community-held-daur-e-quran-sessions-during-ramadan-across-the-world/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Teachings ==
Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin’s teachings integrate classical scholarship with contemporary relevance,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-08 |title=Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin Encourages Learning from the Example of the Honeybee |url=https://www.biztoday.news/2024/07/08/syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-encourages-learning-from-the-example-of-the-honeybee/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=Biz Today |language=en-US}}</ref> emphasising spiritual reflection, ethical responsibility, and service to others. His sermons, delivered throughout his travels and especially during the annual Ashara Mubaraka congregation, serve as the primary medium for imparting these teachings. Drawing from the Quran, Fatimi philosophy, Islamic history, and the events of Karbala, his sermons uniquely contextualise principles of sacrifice, justice, and faith with contemporary challenges faced by the community and humanity at large.

In addition to his sermons, Saifuddin has authored numerous theological treatises in Arabic, as well as poetic compositions in Arabic, Lisan al-Dawat, and Urdu, and has completed and published works initiated by his predecessors, Syedna Taher Saifuddin and Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin elected as new chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/dr-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-to-be-the-new-chancellor-of-jamia-millia-islamia-8494916/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== The Pursuit of Knowledge ===
In February 2023, Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin presided over the inauguration of the newly developed campus of Al Jamea-tus-Saifiyah in Mumbai, attended by India’s Prime Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=UdaipurTimes |date=2023-02-10 |title=Prime Minister Modi inaugurates Dawoodi Bohra academy at Mumbai |url=https://udaipurtimes.com/news/pm-narendra-modi-inaugurates-dawoodi-bohra-academy-at/cid9953682.htm |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=udaipurtimes.com |language=en}}</ref> These reports also placed the redevelopment within the broader context of community education and the institute’s role as a theological and academic centre.

Saifuddin supervises MSB Educational Institute schools in 30 cities, as well as a broader network of 70 schools and 600 religious instruction centers. He has also established an annual education program, Istifadah Ilmiyah. Which is a series of annual learning and skill-development seminars held in Surat that cover topics such as Islamic philosophy, history, and contemporary issues, drawing participants from across the Dawoodi Bohra community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-20 |title=Dawoodi Bohra community leader Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin arrives in Surat for annual ‘Istifada Ilmiyya’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/surat/his-holiness-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-education-religious-programmes-surat-8992620/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, Saifuddin inaugurated the School of Law building at Karachi University with the aim to promote holistic development through education.

=== Business ===
Saifuddin has emphasized ethical and socially responsible business practices grounded in Islamic principles. He has promoted lawful and interest-free economic activity and cautioned against speculative instruments such as cryptocurrency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2011-03-23 |title=Syedna – 100 years of piety, peace and harmony |url=https://twocircles.net/2011mar23/syedna_100_years_piety_peace_and_harmony.html |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

Under his guidance, the Qardhan Hasana program, offering interest-free loans for education, business, and personal needs, has expanded through a global network of community chapters. The community has also established the Burhani Business School at Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, for research in Islamic commercial ethics, and supports entrepreneurs through business advisory services, incubators and trade expos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bohra initiative helps 1,100 entrepreneurs turn dreams into reality {{!}} Mumbai news - Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bohra-initiative-helps-1-100-entrepreneurs-turn-dreams-into-reality-101709062000733.html |access-date=2025-06-22}}</ref>

=== Status of Women ===
Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin has advocated for women’s access to education, vocational training, and family welfare within a values-based framework.

In 2020, he established ''Daerat al-Aqeeq'', a department focused on the well-being of women and children in Dawoodi Bohra communities. The department coordinates initiatives related to health, education, and social welfare, including maternal health awareness and skill development programs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-02-14 |title=Syedna prays for and blesses Bohra women |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/syedna-prays-for-and-blesses-bohra-women/articleshow/57134161.cms |access-date=2026-02-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Female participation in education has increased during his tenure. At ''Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah'', women form a substantial part of the student body, and community-run schools report higher female enrollment rates in some regions. Graduates have pursued careers in medicine, education and research.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-10 |title=Dawoodi Bohra |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/topic/dawoodi-bohra |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Healthy Living ===
Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin has issued guidance on health and lifestyle, including dietary habits, exercise, and daily routines. He has encouraged the establishment of recreational centers and the inclusion of walking and physical activity in daily life.

He has addressed the impact of digital consumption and has supported initiatives on hygiene, structured routines, and interpersonal interaction. In 2025, a community campaign was launched to reduce screen time for children under 15 through seminars and counseling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title=Bohras go all out to save their kids from phone addiction |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/dawoodi-bohras-go-all-out-to-save-their-kids-from-the-small-screen-101734549210803.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

He has also initiated educational campaigns on the risks of alcohol, tobacco, and vaping.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bohras |first=The Dawoodi |date=2019-12-03 |title=DAWOODI BOHRAS OFFER MUCH-NEEDED SUPPORT TO THE ELDERLY |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/12/03/1955249/0/en/DAWOODI-BOHRAS-OFFER-MUCH-NEEDED-SUPPORT-TO-THE-ELDERLY.html |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=en-us}}</ref> Community programs provide mobility support, companionship, healthcare access, and recreational activities for senior members.

== Construction Projects ==
[[File:Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin with Narendra Modi and Devendra Fadnavis.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|From third left (to right): [[Taha Najmuddin]], [[Husain Burhanuddin]], Ammar Jamaluddin, [[Qaidjoher Ezzuddin]], [[Narendra Modi]], Mufaddal Saifuddin, Idris Badruddin, [[Vidyasagar Rao]], [[Devendra Fadnavis]], Qusai Vajihuddin, Abdeali Bhanpurawala in [[Mumbai]] on 2 January 2015.]]
=== Egypt ===
Syedna Saifuddin is responsible for the restoration of medieval [[Fatimid]] mosques in [[Egypt]].{{r|dawattribute}} Projects include the restoration and revival of [[Al-Hakim Mosque]] (al-Jamea al-Anwar),<ref name="King 1984 325–335">{{Cite journal|last=King|first=James Roy|date=1984|title=THE RESTORATION OF THE AL-ḤĀKIM MOSQUE IN CAIRO|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847278|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=23|issue=4|pages=325–335|jstor=20847278|issn=0578-8072}}</ref> the restoration of the masjid of [[Zoeb bin Moosa]] in 1406H,<ref>{{cite book |last= His Holiness |first= Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |date= 1436H |title= رسالة اننعي المسماة - حكمة الغيبة القدسانية الابدية |publisher= His Holiness Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India |page= 593 }}</ref> the restoration of [[Aqmar Mosque]] in 1408H,<ref name="His Holiness 595">{{cite book |last= His Holiness |first= Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |date= 1436H |title= رسالة اننعي المسماة - حكمة الغيبة القدسانية الابدية |publisher= His Holiness Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India |page= 595 }}</ref> construction of the mosque of [[Ahmad al-Wafi|Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ismail]] in [[Salamiyah]] in 1414H,<ref name="His Holiness 595" /> restoration of the [[Lulua Mosque]] and [[Juyushi Mosque]] in 1416H, construction of the [[zarih|zareeh]] of [[Zaynab bint Ali]] in Cairo in 1416H,

=== Palestinian Occupied Territories / State of Israel ===
Syedna Saifuddin is responsible for the restoration of the [[Barzilai Medical Center#Landmarks|Mashhad Ras al-Husayn]] in [[Ashkelon]] in 1421H.

=== Yemen ===
Syedna Saifuddin is responsible for the restoration of the [[Mazar (mausoleum)|Mazar]] and [[Mosque]] of [[Hatim (Dawoodi Bohra)|Hatim bin Ibrahim]] in 1425H,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/profile-of-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-1.1279387|access-date=2021-06-26|website=gulfnews.com|date=19 January 2014 |language=en}}</ref> and the identification and ratification of the tombs of eight [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] in Yemen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dawoodi Bohra Leader Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin Receives Warm Welcome from Thousands of his Followers on his Return from Historic First Pilgrimage as 53rd Dai Al-Mutlaq|url=https://www.businesswireindia.com/dawoodi-bohra-leader-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-receives-warm-welcome-from-thousands-of-his-followers-on-his-return-from-historic-first-pilgrimage-as-rd-daidheer-38705.html|access-date=2021-06-26|website=www.businesswireindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= His Holiness |first= Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |date= 1436H |title= رسالة اننعي المسماة - حكمة الغيبة القدسانية الابدية |publisher= His Holiness Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India |page= 613 }}</ref>

=== Aljamea tus Saifiyah Campuses ===
Under his guidance two new campuses of [[Aljamea tus Saifiyah]] have been completed. The [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] campus was inaugurated by Syedna Saifuddin and the [[President of Kenya]], [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] on 20 April 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shelar|first=Jyoti|date=2017-05-13|title=Studying the Koran, and also Einstein|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/dawoodi-bohra-studying-the-koran-and-also-einstein/article18447586.ece|access-date=2021-06-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-26|title=Campus of Dawoodi Bohra community's institute in Nairobi inaugurated|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1329303|access-date=2021-06-25|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> The [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]] inaugurated the fourth campus in [[Marol]], Mumbai on 10 February 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-dawoodi-bohra-community-s-arabic-academy-in-marol-101675274301103.html | title=PM Modi to inaugurate Dawoodi Bohra community's Arabic academy in Marol | date=February 2023 }}</ref>
[[File:Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin - Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah.jpg|thumb|Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin with Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the inauguration of the Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah campus in Marol, Mumbai.]]

=== Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust ===
Syedna Saifuddin has led the [[Bhendi Bazaar]] Redevelopment Project, including the public charitable trust named the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust<ref>{{cite web |title=SBUT |url=http://www.sbut.com/}}</ref> was created on 23 January 2009 with an initial corpus provided by settlors Shahzada [[Qaidjoher Ezzuddin]] and Shahzada Abbas Fakhruddin.<ref>Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust Deed (clauses 2 and 3) dated 23 January 2009</ref> The first phase was completed and inaugurated by Syedna Saifuddin on 18 May, 2016. About 250 dilapidated buildings in [[Bhendi Bazaar]] will be replaced with 17 new mega-towers with modern roads, infrastructure, efficiently opitimised residential spaces and densely networked commercial areas. The philanthropic enterprise "aims to rehabilitate 3200 families and 1250 businesses which are currently living in poor conditions."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mumbai |first=Marcello Rossi in |date=2018-11-21 |title=Is India's biggest ever urban redevelopment too good to be true? |url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/nov/21/is-indias-biggest-ever-urban-redevelopment-too-good-to-be-true-bhendi-bazaar |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-08 |title=Mumbai's Bhendi Bazaar takes a leap into future with redevelopment work |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mumbai-s-bhendi-bazaar-takes-leap-into-future-with-mega-redevelopment-project-120030800234_1.html |access-date=2021-06-25 |work=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> It is expected to be completed by 2030.<ref>Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust press statement, 26 June 2024</ref>

On 17 April 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi received a delegation of Dawoodi Bohra community members at his official residence in New Delhi, led by [[Husain Burhanuddin]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMJQDUzEG98&feature=youtu.be |title=LIVE: PM Modi interacts with a delegation of Dawoodi Bohra community |date=2025-04-17 |last=Narendra Modi |access-date=2025-05-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref> During the meeting, the delegation expressed appreciation for the enactment of the [[The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025|Waqf Amendment Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-17 |title=Dawoodi Bohra delegation meets PM Modi, lauds Waqf (Amendment) Act |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/dawoodi-bohra-delegation-meets-pm-modi-lauds-waqf-amendment-act/articleshow/120385053.cms |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In his address, the Prime Minister commended Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin for his significant contribution to the development of the legislation, noting his involvement at every stage, including in the drafting process "down to commas and full stops."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-17 |title='Even down to commas and full stops...': PM Modi on how Bohra community helped shape Waqf Amendment Act |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/even-down-to-commas-and-full-stops-pm-modi-on-how-bohra-community-helped-shape-waqf-amendment-act/articleshow/120388645.cms |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Community representatives shared how the amended Act would facilitate the management of Waqf properties, including a recently acquired sites by the SBUT in Mumbai's Bhendi Bazaar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-04-18 |title=Modi Meets Bohra Leaders on Landmark Waqf Act Amendment |url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/o/bohra-community-acquaints-pm-modi-problems-erstwhile-waqf-act-824 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=NewKerala.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Dawood Ibrahim properties sold to Saifee Burhani Trust |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/3-dawood-ibrahim-properties-sold-2033315 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Office of al-Dai al-Mutlaq ==

Syedna Saifuddin is the incumbent 53rd [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of the [[Tayyibi Isma'ilism|Tayyibi Isma'ili]] Dawoodi Bohra community, appointed by his predecessor and father, [[Mohammed Burhanuddin II]]. He stands out among Dawoodi Bohra Dais for appointing such a large number of deputies during his term.

Within his first decade as Dai, he has honoured nearly all of his surviving paternal uncles and brothers by appointing each to serve as a deputy. Upon each deputy’s completion of their earthly journey, he named another successor from his close circle - reflecting his inclusive leadership and commitment to strengthening communal bonds.

=== Deputies ===
On 18 [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] 1435 (12 October 2014 AD), Saifuddin elevated his uncle Husain Husamuddin to the rank of ''Mazoon al-Dawat'' and appointed his uncle [[Qasim Hakimuddin]] as ''Mukasir al-Dawat'' at a religious gathering held in [[Mumbai]].<ref>Press Trust of India (PTI)</ref>

On 20 [[Rabi' al-Thani]] 1439H (7 January 2018 AD), Saifuddin elevated Qasim Hakimuddin to the rank of ''Mazoon'' and appointed his uncle Ali Asgar Kalimuddin as ''Mukasir'' at a religious gathering in [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/2018/04/05/obituary-mazoon-al-dawat-syedi-qasim-bhaisaheb-hakimuddin/|title=Obituary: Mazoon al-Dawat, Syedi Qasim bhaisaheb Hakimuddin. {{!}} The Dawoodi Bohras|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-28|date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

On 27 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 1440H (4 March 2019 AD), Saifuddin elevated [[Aliasgar Kalimuddin]] to the rank of ''Mazoon'' and appointed his elder brother [[Qaidjoher Ezzuddin]] as ''Mukasir'' at a religious gathering in [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name=badre1440>{{Cite magazine |title=Badre Muneer |url=https://www.magzter.com/IN/NEELAM-PUBLICATIONS/BADRE-MUNEER/Home/341228 |lang=GU |access-date=15 July 2020 |date=6 April 2019 |magazine=Badre Muneer |publisher=Neelam Publications |location=Mumbai |pages=20–24 |via=magzter.com}}</ref>

On 18 [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] 1445H (24 June 2024 AD), Saifuddin elevated his elder brother [[Qaidjoher Ezzuddin]] to the rank of ''Mazoon al-Dawat'' and appointed his younger brother [[Malik-ul Ashtar Shujauddin]] as ''Mukasir al-Dawat'' at a religious gathering held in [[Saifee Masjid]], Mumbai. Both brothers are Distinguished Rectors of [[Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah]].

== Philanthropy ==

=== Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah ===
To ensure that not a single community member ever goes hungry, Saifuddin has expanded the worldwide community kitchen scheme,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hillpost.in/2013/06/pitfalls-and-perils-of-politicized-food-insecurity/90451/|title=Food Insecurity|date=28 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-bohra-women-get-respite-from-cooking-1659990|title=Community Kitchen|date=9 March 2012}}</ref> named Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.faizulmawaidilburhaniyah.com/|title=Welcome to Al Faizul Mawaid il Burhaniyah|website=www.faizulmawaidilburhaniyah.com|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref> (Arabic:فيض الموائد البرهانية). Every day, a [[Tiffin]] or [[Thali]] consisting of a fully prepared and cooked meal is delivered to each and every Dawoodi Bohra community household worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/azizpoonawalla/2015/10/sustenance-for-the-soul-the-global-food-initiative-of-his-holiness-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin//|title=Global Food Initiative|date=11 October 2015}}</ref>

To reduce food wastage, Syedna Saifuddin implemented a policy to strictly limit the number of dishes served in any community, social or personal gathering where Dawoodi Bohras are present.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/806488/to-battle-food-wastage-bohra-community-edict-puts-restrictions-on-wedding-feasts/|title=Reduce Food wastage|date=7 May 2016 }}</ref> Approximately 7,000 ''Dana Committee'' (literally "grain committee") volunteers world-wide are tasked with enforcing this directive to eliminate food wastage at all community events.<ref>{{Cite news |title=In holy Ramzan, Muslims urged not to waste food |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/only-7-insurance-claims-for-2017-kharif-crop-paid-in-maha/articleshow/64337029.cms |date=27 May 2018 |last1=Wajihuddin |first1=Mohammed |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 July 2020 }}</ref>

=== Social Upliftment ===
In December 2016, Syedna Saifuddin initiated a social ''Upliftment Program'', to improve the living conditions of the community.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-dawoodi-bohra-community-launches-drive-to-uplift-their-own/996713|title=Mumbai: Dawoodi Bohra community launches drive to uplift their own|last=Swapnil|first=Mishra|website=www.freepressjournal.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dawoodi-bohras-initiate-community-welfare-project/1/847209.html|title=Dawoodi Bohras initiate community welfare project|access-date=2017-01-08}}</ref> The 5-day upliftment drive provided free services to community members: renovation of houses, planting of trees and shrubs, upgrading to [[Squat toilet|squat toilets]], building playground and sports facilities, dental hygiene, vaccination camps, a sports day and a community breakfast.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/010117/mumbai-dawoodi-bohras-initiate-community-welfare-project.html|title=Mumbai: Dawoodi Bohras initiate community welfare project|date=2017-01-01|newspaper=asianage.com |access-date=2017-01-08}}</ref>
[[File:Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin at the COP28 Global Faith Leaders Summit in Abu Dhabi.jpg|thumb|Shehzada Husain Burhanuddin, representing Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, at the COP28 Global Faith Leaders Summit in Abu Dhabi.]]

He has also launched a global initiative named [[Dawoodi Bohra#Project Rise - Social Upliftment|Project Rise]] to help improve the lives of people that are marginalized, neglected or living in poverty. In partnership with government bodies and local organizations around the world, Project Rise's upliftment programs span a range of policy areas, including healthcare, nutrition, sanitation and hygiene, environmental responsibility and conservation, and education. These initiatives provide humanitarian aid during natural disasters and pandemics.<ref name=sardesaitwitter>{{Cite tweet |user=sardesairajdeep |author=Rajdeep Sardesai | author-link=Rajdeep Sardesai |number=1248153129587216384 |location=Delhi |date=9 April 2020 |access-date=1 June 2020 |url=https://twitter.com/sardesairajdeep/status/1248153129587216384 |title=Good to see these pics of the Dawoodi Bohra community orgns doing mass community kitchens that are providing 25,000 meals a day. Yday, they were part of a global initiative to distribute 500,000 meals in a day across their kitchens! Well done!}}</ref>

=== Saifee Burhani Medical Association ===
{{quote box
|width=35%
|quote=By the grace of God, may doctors [[Tawfik|prosper]] in service [of humanity]. May God grant his ''believers'' and ''worshipers'' cure at their hands. May their numbers continue to flourish.
|author=Mufaddal Saifuddin
|source=[[Jumada al-awwal|Jumada]] 1436[[Hijri year|ھـ]], [[Orange County, California|Orange County]].{{r|sbahlan}}
}}
Syedna Saifuddin, on a visit to [[North America]], established ''Saifee Burhani Medical Association (America)'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashara Scholarship Grant Program |url=https://sbmedical.org/ashara-scholarship-grant-program/ |date=13 September 2015 |website=sbmedical.org |access-date=26 July 2020 }}</ref> on 14 March 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://sbmedical.org/about-us/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Saifee Burhani Medical Association America |language=en-US}}</ref> chaired by his brothers, [[Qaidjoher Ezzuddin]], [[Qusai Vajihuddin]], Ammar Jamaluddin, and his son, [[Husain Burhanuddin]]. The charter of the association is to run free medical clinics, mentor students, facilitate professional development and support doctors in developing practice models that eliminate insurance billing while maintaining high-quality patient care.

=== Donations ===
Syedna Saifuddin espouses that charity comes not from public celebration but from the sincere desire to create positive change in the world, inspiring others through actions rather than words. He advocates a modest lifestyle, wearing simple white clothes<ref>the [https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/libas-al-anwar-the-attire-of-the-dawoodi-bohra-community/ Kurta-Saya], the male dress of the Dawoodi Bohra community</ref> and personally embodies the wisdom that "the left hand should not know that the right hand is giving".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayaan from Urs Mubarak of Syedna Qutbuddin Shaheed 1441 AH in Shareqa, UAE |url=https://misbah.info/asharah/reflections-sqs-1441/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Commanding the substantial charitable resources of the entire Dawoodi Bohra community (conservatively estimated as an inflow of USD 230 million<ref>Based on demographic data and the methodology outlined in [[Economic contribution profile of Dawoodi Bohra community]], the Dawoodi Bohra community generates an estimated USD 4.6 billion in annual economic output.</ref> per year), his approach to philanthropy reflects a deep commitment to helping others without seeking any recognition or acclaim,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 6:3 - Giving to the Needy |url=https://biblehub.com/matthew/6-3.htm |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Bible Hub}}</ref> even community members are unaware of where his philanthropy is directed, highlighting the humility and discretion behind his generous efforts.

In 2014, Saifuddin met [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] and donated {{EGP|10 million|link=yes}} to the [[Long Live Egypt|Long Live Egypt Fund]] (Tahya Misr).

In October 2016, Syedna Saifuddin donated [[United States dollar|US$]]53,000 to [[Education in Tanzania#Public versus private education system|Tanzanian public schools]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2016 |title=Magufuli praises Bohra community, calls for investments |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/magufuli-praises-bohra-community-calls-investments-0 |website=ippmedia.com |location=Dar es-Salaam |agency=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> The same month, a local community led by Saifuddin donated [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh ]]545 million toward earthquake relief efforts in Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2016 |title=Tanzania: Bohra Community Aids Quake Victims |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201610171157.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221223454/http://allafrica.com/stories/201610171157.html |archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref>

On 27 April 2017, Saifuddin donated [[Kenyan shilling|KSh ]]{{shilingi|5,200,000}} for [[Beyond Zero]] initiative towards maternal and child health to [[Margaret Kenyatta]], [[First Lady of Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2017 |title=Kenya's First Lady visits Nairobi Jamea Campus |url=https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/2018/02/05/kenyas-first-lady-visits-nairobi-jamea-campus/ |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=thedawoodibohras.com |location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2017 |title=First Lady Receives Sh 5.2 Million From The Dawoodi Bohra Community Towards The Beyond Zero Initiative |url=https://www.president.go.ke/2017/04/27/first-lady-receives-sh-5-2-million-from-the-dawoodi-bohra-community-towards-the-beyond-zero-initiative/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903234437/https://www.president.go.ke/2017/04/27/first-lady-receives-sh-5-2-million-from-the-dawoodi-bohra-community-towards-the-beyond-zero-initiative/ |archive-date=3 September 2019 |website=president.go.ke}}</ref>

On 19 July 2018, Saifuddin met [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] and expressed interest in investing in Egypt. Saifuddin also donated {{EGP|10 million|link=yes}} (US$621,553) to the [[Long Live Egypt|Long Live Egypt Fund]] (Tahya Misr),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt's Sisi meets with Dawoodi Bohra community leader - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/233616/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Sisi-meets-with-Dawoodi-Bohra-community-lea.aspx |archive-url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/307046/Egypt/Politics-/Indian-leader-of-Dawoodi-Bohra-sect-donates-EGP--m.aspx |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=english.ahram.org.eg}}</ref> matching his own donation from 2014.{{r|egpro}}

In September 2019, Saifuddin met with [[Maithripala Sirisena|President Maithripala Sirisena]] of Sri Lanka and donated [[Sri Lankan rupee|Rs ]]10 million/- (US$53,553) to National Kidney Fund of Sri Lanka to enhance facilities and improve welfare and preventive care for patients impacted by chronic kidney disease.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-18 |title=Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin contributes LKR 10 million to National Kidney Fund of Sri Lanka |url=http://bizenglish.adaderana.lk/syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-contributes-lkr-10-million-to-national-kidney-fund-of-sri-lanka/ |access-date=2019-11-20 |website=Adaderana Biz English {{!}} Sri Lanka Business News |language=en-US}}</ref> In the same month, Syedna Saifuddin made a "significant contribution" to the Relief Fund of [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] to aid with rehabilitation efforts post [[2019 Indian floods]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sadriwala |first1=Murtaza |date=12 September 2019 |title=Dawoodi Bohras Support Flood Victims in India: Spiritual Leader of Bohras Makes Significant Contribution to Relief Fund |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/09/12/1915145/0/en/Dawoodi-Bohras-Support-Flood-Victims-in-India.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617152045/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/09/12/1915145/0/en/Dawoodi-Bohras-Support-Flood-Victims-in-India.html |archive-date=17 June 2020 |work=thedawoodibohras.com |via=globalnewswire.com}}</ref> In October 2019 Syedna Saifuddin donated [[Sri Lankan rupee|Rs.]]5 million/- to National Cancer Institute, [[Maharagama]] towards infrastructure and capacity expansion of its Bone Marrow Transplant Unit.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2019 |title=Head of Bohra community donates to National Cancer Institutes' Bone Marrow Transplant Unit |url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=211746 |website=island.lk |publisher=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]] |quote=The donation given by Syedna will provide the much needed superior stem cell transplant procedures and care for patients with life threatening blood conditions such as leukemia and thalassemia said Mufaddal Adamjee, local public relations co-ordinator.}}</ref>

In October 2019, Syedna Saifuddin donated 60,000 seed balls to Kenya, and a month later, on the occasion of his 76th birthday per the [[Islamic calendar]], he donated 76,000 more which were utilized to grow over 35,000 indigenous tree species at [[Amboseli National Park]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shelar |first=Jyoti |date=24 January 2020 |title=Syedna donates seed balls to re-green Kenya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/syedna-donates-seed-balls-to-re-green-kenya/article30638140.ece |access-date=1 July 2020 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In May 2021, Syedna Saifuddin donated INR {{INR|link=yes}}1 [[crore]]/- towards the purchase of medical equipment for the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital at Aligarh Muslim University during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 22, 2021 |title=Aligarh Muslim University chancellor gives Rs 1 crore to varsity's medical college |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/amu-chancellor-donates-rs-1-crore-to-varsitys-medical-college/articleshow/82838359.cms |access-date=2021-07-12 |newspaper=Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2025, on behalf of Syedna Saifuddin, His Excellency Kinana Jamaluddin (the Head of the Dawoodi Bohra community in Dubai) donated AED 1 million (USD 272,054) to the Father's Endowment campaign which honors fathers through an endowment fund to provide healthcare for the poor and needy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newspaper |first=Aletihad |date=2025-03-25 |title=Dawoodi Bohra Community in UAE contributes Dh1 million to Fathers' Endowment |url=https://en.aletihad.ae/news/uae/4561843/dawoodi-bohra-community-in-uae-contributes-dh1-million-to--f |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Aletihad Newspaper |language=en-EN}}</ref>

== Community Policies & Guidance ==
[[File:Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin 75th Milad Celebration.png|thumb|right|Saifuddin at his 75th birthday celebrations in Surat; seated besides him is his son, [[Husain Burhanuddin|Burhanuddin]] (2018).]]
=== Islamic Finance ===
Syedna Saifuddin has been a strong advocate for Islamic finance principles,<ref name="PG">{{Cite web |title=Dawoodi Bohra Financial Practices & Guidance |url=https://drive.proton.me/urls/FH9FAVZK70#31JSNVqSsgav |access-date=2024-08-01 |language=en}}</ref> particularly the practice of Qardan Hasana (interest-free loans). Saifuddin has actively promoted and expanded the Burhani Qardan Hasana Trust,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burhani Qardan Hasanah Scheme |url=https://www.burhaniqardan.org/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.burhaniqardan.org}}</ref> which freely offers generous interest-free loans to community members. Under his leadership, the Qardan Hasana system has continued to play a crucial role in the economic development of the Dawoodi Bohra community.

Syedna Saifuddin has forbidden community members<ref name="PG" /> from [[Savings account|bank saving]], [[Time deposit|time deposits]] or [[Loan|borrowing]], [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/equated_monthly_installment.asp EMI finance schemes], [[Overdraft|overdrafts]], contributing to or accepting money from [[insurance|insurance schemes]], investments in [[Commodity market|commodities]] and [[Stock market|stock markets]], [[cryptocurrency]], pension, mutual or retirement [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment-fund.asp fund investments] or use of [[Credit card interest|credit cards]]: deeming them [[haram]] (forbidden) in Islam.<ref name="MS">''Munajaat'' of Mufaddal Saifuddin, Mumbai, India on 23 Ramadan 1446 AH (22 Mar 2025). The munajaat (Arabic: مناجاة) is a form of supplication or intimate prayer in Islamic tradition, where the devotee engages in spiritual communion with God.</ref> Instead, he encourages strict adherence to traditional Islamic financial principles, urging followers to rely on community-based support systems rather than conventional financial instruments which are speculative in nature ([[gharar]], [[maisir]]) or interest-based ([[riba]]). This approach has led to the development of numerous financial structures within the community, giving community members financial flexibility and integration with modern economic systems.<ref name="PG" />

=== Embargo on Mobile Phones for Children ===
On 19 December 2024, Syedna Saifuddin unveiled a directive to minimise the use of mobile phones by people under the age of 15, following global concerns about the negative effects of mobile phone usage on children's health.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-02 |title=Melbourne Dawoodi Bohras Host Picnic to Address Concerns of Mobile Phone Addiction among Children {{!}} The Australia Today |url=https://www.theaustraliatoday.com.au/melbourne-dawoodi-bohras-host-picnic-to-address-concerns-of-mobile-phone-addiction-among-children/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dolare |first=Rahul |date=2024-12-27 |title=Pune: Dawoodi Bohra Community Bans Mobile Phones For Children Under 15 In Revolutionary Move |url=https://www.punekarnews.in/pune-dawoodi-bohra-community-bans-mobile-phones-for-children-under-15-in-revolutionary-move/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Punekar News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-08 |title=Dawoodi Bohra Community Launches Global Campaign to Combat Mobile Phone Addiction in Children {{!}} THE DAILY TRIBUNE {{!}} KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN |url=https://www.newsofbahrain.com/bahrain/107051.html |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=DT News |language=en-US}}</ref> The directive has been supported by the Dawoodi Bohra community, with parents and teachers feeling that an official directive legitimises their desire to encourage their children to pursue healthier activities, such as sports and art.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-08 |title=Dawoodi Bohra Community Launches Global Campaign to Combat Mobile Phone Addiction in Children {{!}} THE DAILY TRIBUNE {{!}} KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN |url=https://www.newsofbahrain.com/bahrain/107051.html |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=DT News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-31 |title=Kolkata’s Dawoodi Bohras ban mobile use by community kids below 15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-dawoodi-bohras-ban-mobile-use-by-community-kids-below-15/articleshow/116819777.cms |access-date=2026-02-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Female Circumcision ===
In Hansard-UK parliament it was alleged that Syedna Saifuddin supports the practice of female circumcision, which the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] community refers to as khatna or khafz.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-09 |title=Female Genital Mutilation - Hansard - UK Parliament |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2016-06-09/debates/7C5BE3EB-5B69-4190-B407-E1FE6EE5FDBA/FemaleGenitalMutilationhighlight=mufaddal#contribution-0261EAB2-EBA9-4A00-91FD-0ED2144DDF2F |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=hansard.parliament.uk |language=en}}</ref> In a sermon delivered in Mumbai in April 2016, Syedna Saifuddin stated that whatever necessary "must be done" for both men and women.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://vimeo.com/732021983 |title=Public Sermon encouraging female circumcision |language=en |access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref> One news paper in India alleged that he may be hinting toward FGM.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-29 |title=Bohra cleric urges female genital mutilation? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/bohra-cleric-urges-female-genital-mutilation/articleshow/52031699.cms |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The [https://dbwrf.org/ Dawoodi Bohra Women's Association for Religious Freedom (DBWRF)] advocates the practice, arguing that female circumcision (khatna / khafz) is a minor religious procedure<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-25 |title=Bohra women's group defends 'khafz', says Female Genital Mutation should be banned |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/Aug/25/bohra-womens-group-defends-khafz-says-female-genital-mutation-should-be-banned-1862685.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> involving only a small nick or excision on the clitoral hood or prepuce, which does not cause harm. The DBWRF position is that khafz is a centuries-old religious freedom and rite of passage for religious purity,<ref>{{Cite web |title='Religious freedom' claims used to defend FGM in courts in four countries |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/religious-freedom-claims-used-defend-fgm-courts-four-countries/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}</ref> comparable to male circumcision, and is not intended to control female sexuality. However, this position is contested by some members of the Bohra community<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eouLHP3cx8E |title=A pinch of Skin |date=2016-05-29 |last=Goswami |first=Priya |language=English |access-date=2025-01-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and activists who oppose the practice.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3N5qGBmxPeU&feature=youtu.be |title=The Stream - Female cutting among the Bohra community |date=2017-04-26 |last=Al Jazeera English |access-date=2025-01-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Protests at Birmingham mosque over controversial cleric |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-birmingham-40831992 |access-date=2025-01-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Syedna's Saifuddin's administration has actively supported community members in their legal battles to exercise their religious freedoms, his UK-registered charity spent more than £800,000<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Sarah |date=2022-07-29 |title=Bohra imam's visit puts British girls at risk of mutilation, warn FGM campaigners |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jul/29/dawoodi-bohra-imam-mufaddal-saifuddin-visit-uk-british-girls-risk-mutilation-warn-fgm-campaigners |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>Dawat E Hadiyah (United Kingdom) Trust, Financial Report and Statement for financial year ending 31 Dec 2017, see Nominees Report Page 2.</ref> on “costs incurred in defending four members of the Dawoodi Bohra congregation in Sydney<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-16 |title=High Court upholds female genital mutilation conviction of Dawoodi Bohras |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-10-16/high-court-rules-female-genital-mutilation-illegal-in-all-forms/11606396 |access-date=2025-01-27 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> in connection with female circumcision”. The community has successfully defended an indictment<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Indictment, United States of America vs Jumana Nagarwala, Fakhruddin Attar, Farida Attar, Tahera Shafiq, Farida Arif and Fatema Dahodwala |url=https://drive.proton.me/urls/7PW6ADGR38#e0ZJaXyz98UM |access-date=2024-06-01}}</ref> brought against the practice by the U.S. [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] Criminal Division and the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-12 |title=Office of Public Affairs {{!}} Detroit Emergency Room Doctor Arrested and Charged with Performing Female Genital Mutilation {{!}} United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/detroit-emergency-room-doctor-arrested-and-charged-performing-female-genital-mutilation |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-21 |title=Office of Public Affairs {{!}} Detroit Doctor and Wife Arrested and Charged with Conspiring to Perform Female Genital Mutilation {{!}} United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/detroit-doctor-and-wife-arrested-and-charged-conspiring-perform-female-genital-mutilation |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref> by arguing that the US federal statute was unconstitutional.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=98&v=AWAzogpOrPo&feature=youtu.be |title=Female genital mutilation case in Detroit federal court |date=2018-04-06 |last=Click On Detroit {{!}} Local 4 {{!}} WDIV |access-date=2025-01-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8KNdAX9U90&feature=youtu.be |title=US drops appeal dismissing female genital mutilation charges; no charges for Detroit-area doctor |date=2019-04-12 |last=WXYZ-TV Detroit {{!}} Channel 7 |access-date=2025-01-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref>Regarding this landmark judgement, Constitutional law scholar [[Alan Dershowitz]], a professor emeritus of [[Harvard University]] and prominent Birmingham defense attorney Mayer Morganroth was hired by Dawat-e-Hadiyah "to protect the people charged and represent the religious organization" as per Morganroth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Snell |first=Robert |title=Dershowitz joins genital mutilation case defense team |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/06/01/dershowitz-genital-mutilation-case/102378354/ |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Travels ==
Syedna Saifuddin is a perpetual voyager, travelling to Dawoodi Bohra community centers year-round to meet his followers, deliver sermons, organise local communities, launch social projects, curate communal generosity and commemorate important religious functions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin bestowed with 'Global Peace Award'|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-bestowed-with-global-peace-award/articleshow/49103750.cms|access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref><ref name=zeninfoakhbar>{{Cite web |title=Akhbar Archive {{!}} Huzurala (TUS) |url=https://www.zeninfo.in/akhbar-archive?type%5B%5D=1&date%5Bmin%5D=&date%5Bmax%5D= |website=zeninfo.in |access-date=8 July 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

During his travels, politicians and leaders from every corner of the globe seek audiences with Syedna Saifuddin, asking his wise counsel.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X__JhDWERgo&feature=youtu.be |title=Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin with World Leaders & Dignitaries |date=2019-06-24 |last=The Dawoodi Bohras |access-date=2025-01-05 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Over his more than 75 years, he has imparted his wisdom to numerous senior politicians, who regard him not merely as an advisor but as a friend and confidante.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH8gBINF4B8&feature=youtu.be |title="I'm your family member…" PM Modi at Dawoodi Bohra Institute inaugural event in Mumbai |date=2023-02-10 |last=ANI News |access-date=2025-01-05 |via=YouTube}}</ref> In this capacity, they approach him seeking solutions for some of the most intricate challenges confronting humanity, valuing his clear insights amidst the difficulties of global governance.

Surat, the erstwhile seat of ''Dawat'' and home to the original [[Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah]] campus, and Mumbai, the current seat of ''Dawat'' and home to [[Raudat Tahera]], are host to most events. Karachi, owing to a large presence of followers outside India, sees more visits from Saifuddin than average. [[Colombo]], [[Tanzania]], and [[Kenya]] are other rather smaller community centers to which Saifuddin travels often. Syedna Saifuddin finds particular delight in visiting [[London]], [[Houston]] and [[Paris]], cities that hold cherished memories of vibrant community gatherings he attended with his father Burhanuddin.

Syedna Saifuddin visits regularly visits congregations in Yemen, Egypt, and Iraq for their religious and historical importance. Saifuddin also often travels to various places of pilgrimage within India like [[Galiakot|Taherabad]] in Rajasthan; [[Ahmedabad]], [[Jamnagar]], [[Mandvi]], and [[Delmal]] in Gujarat; [[Burhanpur]] and [[Ujjain]] in Madhya Pradesh; especially to commemorate [[urs|annual remembrance]] of the ''Duaat'' and ''Hudood Kiram'' buried there.{{r|zeninfoakhbar}}

On 27 April 2022, Syedna Saifuddin, with President of Egypt [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah El Sisi]], inaugurated Imam Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo after renovation works to the mosque and the area surrounding it, including the new lounge of the holy shrine of Imam Al-Hussein.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-27 |title=Sisi Inaugurates Imam Hussein Mosque - Sada El balad |url=https://see.news/sisi-inaugurates-imam-hussein-mosque/ |access-date=2022-04-30 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In July 2024, His Excellency [[Kamran Tessori]], the Governor of [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] sought the counsel of Syedna Saifuddin regarding the nation’s pressing debt challenges. Acknowledging the situation, Syedna Saifuddin said he stood together with Pakistan and gave his blessings for Pakistan's speedy economic recovery.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lHGTVN72b4&feature=youtu.be |title=Bohra Spiritual Leader Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin Talks Debt Solutions for Pakistan |date=2024-07-27 |last=Kamran Tessori |access-date=2025-01-05 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Syedna Saifuddin also committed that the Dawoodi Bohra community would provide global Karzan Hasanah funds to the government of Pakistan on an interest-free basis,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=339&v=Ts7LYaN-CeA&feature=youtu.be |title=Spiritual Leader Of The Dawoodi Bohra Jamaat Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin Arrived At The Governor House |date=2024-07-23 |last=Kamran Tessori |access-date=2025-01-05 |via=YouTube}}</ref> aiming to alleviate the debt burden and restore strength to the economy.

==Recognition==
[[File:El_Hakim_Mosque.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Al Hakim Mosque's renovations in {{decade|1970}} were led by Saifuddin.<ref name="dawattribute">{{Cite book |title=Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin: A Tribute |url=https://www.misbah.info/wp-content/themes/posts/ebook/tribute/files/mobile/index.html#43 |archive-url=https://www.misbah.info/wp-content/themes/posts/ebook/tribute/files/mobile/index.html%2343 |pages=41 |archive-date=11 March 2021 |access-date=9 Mar 2021 |via=misbah.info |location=Mumbai |publisher=Dawat-e-Hadiyah Trust |date=Feb 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
=== Community ===
Mufaddal Saifuddin's path of recognition began in his youth. During his early studies in Cairo, he achieved the distinguished status of [[Hafiz (Quran)|Haafiz al-Quran]] (حافظ القران) by memorizing the entire Quran, earning him recognition in Egypt as the '''Shaykh al-Ma'arif''' (Master of Knowledge).

When he was 13½ years old, his grandfather Taher Saifuddin took his [[Mithaq|Misaq]] on May 22, 1960 (27th of Zil al-Qa'da 1379H), during his 75th birthday celebrations.<ref>{{cite book |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Taher Saifuddin Saheb |title=الرسالة الشريفة بركات اصحاب التطهير |date=1390H |publisher=His Holiness Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin Saheb, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India |page=399}}</ref>

On 18 March 1966 (27th of Zil al-Qa'da 1385H), Mohammed Burhanuddin bestowed upon him two significant honors: the title of Thiqat al-D'awat al-Tayyibiyah (The Trusted of the Tayyibi Mission) and the cognomen "Saifuddin" ([[Scimitar]] of Islam).<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |title=His Holiness Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin – A brief profile |date=September 2015 |publisher=the Department of Statistics & Informai, Dawat-e-Hadiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |title=رسالة اننعي المسماة - حكمة الغيبة القدسانية الابدية |date=1436H |publisher=His Holiness Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India |page=552}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin Saheb |title=الرسالة الشريفة فيوضات الجنة |date=1434H |publisher=His Holiness Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin Saheb, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India |page=375}}</ref>

In January 1969, he was crowned as successor-designate by ''nass'' (divine appointment) by his father Mohammed Burhanuddin. In 1971 he was appointed [[Amir al-hajj|Amirul Hajj]] by his father Burhanuddin.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Following his completion of Hajj, he embarked on a significant journey to Yemen, after which his father honored him with the illustrious distinction Aqeeq al-Yemen (The [[Agate]] of Yemen).<ref name="ReferenceA" />

His academic achievements were again recognized in June 1971 when he received one of [[Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah|Al Jamea tus Saifiyah's]] most prestigious degrees, al-'Aleem al-Baare' (The Outstandingly Learned).<ref name="ReferenceA" /> His connection to this institution deepened when he was appointed its Rector (''Ameer al Jamea'') in April 1987.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

Syedna Saifuddin's influence in academic leadership continued to grow when he was elected Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University in April 2015,<ref name="Chancellor">{{cite web |date=11 April 2015 |title=Chancellor |url=http://twocircles.net/2015apr11/1428763650.html#.VStUhvmUfjW/ |access-date=13 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="Aligarh Muslim University -- AMU Ne">{{cite web |title=Aligarh Muslim University -- AMU News |url=http://amu.ac.in/about3.jsp?did=7908}}</ref><ref name="Zee News">{{cite web |date=11 April 2015 |title=Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin is new VC of AMU |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin-is-new-vc-of-amu_1577191.html |work=Zee News}}</ref><ref name="amu.ac.in">{{cite web |title=Aligarh Muslim University -- AMU News |url=http://www.amu.ac.in/about3.jsp?did=7908}}</ref> a position to which he was re-elected in December 2018.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |title=Aligarh Muslim University {{!}}{{!}} AMU News |url=https://www.amu.ac.in/about3.jsp?did=4093 |access-date=2018-12-28 |website=www.amu.ac.in}}</ref><ref name="Tajbhai">{{Cite web |last=Tajbhai |first=Mustafa |date=2 December 2018 |title=Syedna Elected for Second Consecutive Term as AMU Chancellor {{!}} The Dawoodi Bohras |url=https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/2018/12/02/syedna-elected-for-second-consecutive-term-as-amu-chancellor/ |access-date=2018-12-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> His academic leadership expanded further when he was unanimously elected Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia University in March 2023 for a five-year term.<ref name="theokhlatimes.com">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-13 |title=Jamia gets new Chancellor - The Okhla Times |url=https://www.theokhlatimes.com/jamia-new-chancellor/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

His contributions have been recognized internationally through numerous honors and awards. The University of Karachi awarded him an honorary doctorate in September 2015. From 2014 to 2025, he has consistently been named among The 500 Most Influential Muslims. He received the Grand Cordon of the National Order of Madagascar in June 2014, and various other honors including the Key to Moshi (Tanzania) in 2015, Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart from Kenya in 2017, and the Key to Karachi in September 2017.
[[File:Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin - Honours and Recognition.jpg|thumb|Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin receiving the Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart, the highest civilian honour of Kenya, from President William Ruto.]]

In a unique recognition, a new species of orchid was named "Dendrobium HH Dr. Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin" in Singapore in April 2018. His more recent honors include the Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart from Kenya's President William Ruto in December 2022, Egypt's Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile in August 2023, and Pakistan's Nishan e Pakistan in December 2023 for his social services contributions.

In recognition of his environmental leadership, his special representative, His Excellency Kinana Bhaisaheb Jamaluddin, represented him at the Global Faith Leaders COP29 Summit in Baku, where he made an appeal on behalf of Syedna for global leaders to take meaningful action in addressing the climate crisis.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXJjQT6aASs&feature=youtu.be |title=The Dawoodi Bohras Joined Global Religious Leaders in Baku to Address Climate Change at COP29 |date=2024-11-13 |last=The Dawoodi Bohras |access-date=2024-12-30 |via=YouTube}}</ref> On hearing his heartfelt and eloquent call to action, many leaders commented that the uniquely Islamic perspective was both refreshing and deeply resonant.

=== Awards ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! align="center" | Year & Date
! align="center" | Country
! align="center" | Award/Honour
|-
|9 September 2015
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
| [[Governor of Sindh]] [[Ishratul Ibad|Dr Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan]] conferred an [[Doctor of Philosophy|honorary doctorate degree]] upon by [[University of Karachi]] (KU) at [[Governor's House (Karachi)|Governor House]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistannewsexpress.com/story/%EF%BB%BFdoctorate-degree-conferred-upon-syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin/|title=Doctorate degree conferred upon Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/953141/leader-of-bohra-community-awarded-honorary-degree/|title=Leader of Bohra community awarded honorary degree|date=9 September 2015|work=The Express Tribune}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 & 2018
|{{flag|India}}
| Mufaddal Saifuddin, was elected as [[Aligarh Muslim University]]'s new Chancellor on 11 April 2015.<ref name="Chancellor"/><ref name="Aligarh Muslim University -- AMU Ne"/><ref name="Zee News"/><ref name="amu.ac.in"/> He was re-elected as the Chancellor for a second term on 2 December 2018.<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="Tajbhai"/>
|-
| 2014 to 2024
|{{flag|Jordan}}
| Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin was named one of [[The 500 Most Influential Muslims]] in the years 2014 to 2025.
|-
| 23 June 2014
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
| He was awarded Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of Madagascar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/societe/2014/06/23/leader-spirituel-bohras-eleve-au-rang-grand-croix-2e-classe/ |title=Leader spirituel Bohras : Elevé au rang de Grand Croix de 2e Classe – Midi Madagasikara |website=www.midi-madagasikara.mg |language=fr-FR |access-date=29 July 2018 |trans-title=Spiritual leader Bohras: Raised to the rank of Grand Cross of 2nd Class |date= 23 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
|29 August 2015
|{{Flagu|Tanzania}}
| During his visit to [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]], [[Tanzania]], Mufaddal Saifuddin was presented the "Key to Moshi - The Land of Kilimanjaro" by the Mayor Japhary R Michael on 29 August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.misbah.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/key.png|title=Key to Moshi}}</ref>
|-
|20 April 2017
|{{Flagu|Kenya}}
| Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart, Second Class by President [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] on the inauguration of the [[Al Jamea tus Saifiyah]] campus in [[Nairobi]].<ref name="Capital News">{{citation|title=Capital News; Opening of Al Jamea tus Saifiyah|date=20 April 2017|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/kenya-must-resist-radical-fanatics-embrace-diversity-uhuru/|access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
|30 September 2017
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
| ''Key to Karachi'' by the Mayor of [[Karachi]], [[Waseem Akhtar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/114469/mayor-gifts-citys-key-to-bohra-leader/|title=Mayor gifts city's key to Bohra leader|date=2017-10-01|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-27}}</ref>
|-
|30 April 2018
|{{flag|Singapore}}
| A new species of orchid{{efn|A cross-breed between Bangkok Fancy and Adisakdi White.}} was named as ''Dendrobium HH Dr. Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin''.
|-
|12 December 2022
|{{Flagu|Kenya}}
|He was awarded [[Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya|Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart]] (CGH) by President William Ruto.''<nowiki/>'<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya Law {{!}} Kenya Gazette |url=http://kenyalaw.org/kenya_gazette/gazette/volume/Mjc1Ng--/Vol.CXXIV-No.268/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=kenyalaw.org}}</ref>''
|-
|7 August 2023
|{{Flagu|Egypt}}
|Awarded Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] (Nile Sash Arabic: Wisha al-Neel وشاح النيل) by President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=President Sisi bestows Nile Sash on Indian leader of Bohra community|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/1234/506167/Egypt/Foreign-Affairs/In-Photos-President-Sisi-bestows-Nile-Sash-on-Indi.aspx|access-date=2023-08-07 |website=ahram|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|5 December 2023
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|[[President of Pakistan]] [[Arif Alvi]] conferred the [[Nishan-e-Pakistan|Nishan e Pakistan]] on His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin in a special investiture ceremony in [[Aiwan-e-Sadr|Aiwan e Sadr]], [[Islamabad]] in recognition of the social services rendered by His Holiness for the development of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |date=2023-12-05 |title=Bohra community leader conferred with Nishan-e-Pakistan |url=https://www.aajenglish.tv/news/30343080 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=Aaj English TV |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Literary works ==

=== Rasāʾil Ramaḍāniyya (Epistles) ===
As the Chancellor of numerous Islamic Institutes of Higher Learning, Syedna Saifuddin is a distinguished figure renowned in global academic circles not only for his scholarly prowess but also for his prolific contributions to the literary and academic realms. The compilation of works listed below includes those started by his predecessors, Syedna Taher Saifuddin and Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, but only able to be brought to fruition and completed by Syedna Saifuddin. His writings, characterized by their eloquent prose and deep theological insights, reflect a remarkable synthesis of classical Islamic tradition and thought. Each [[Risalah Ramadaniyya|Risalah]] serves as a testament to his commitment to advancing knowledge within the Dawoodi Bohra community and beyond. Through these treatises, he enriches the community heritage by adding his unique perspectives and insights:
{| class="wikitable"
!ID
!Title
!{{abbr|Trans|Transliterated}} title
!{{abbr|Orig|Original year}} [[Islamic calendar|AH]]
!{{abbr|Pub|Published year}} AH
!{{abbr|Pub|Published year}} [[Common era|CE]]
|-
! colspan=6 | Taher Saifuddin's Rasa'il
|-
|STS48
|شموس بركات الربانيين<ref>{{cite book |title=شموس بركات الربانيين |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |publisher=Badri Mahal |location=Mumbai, India |language=ar |year=2015|trans-title=Shumūs Barakāt al-Rabbāniyyīn}}</ref>
|Shumūs Barakāt al-Rabbāniyyīn
|1383
|1435
|2015
|-
|STS49
|انهار فيوض الفاطميين<ref>{{cite book |title=انهار فيوض الفاطميين|last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |year=2016 |publisher=Badri Mahal |location=Mumbai, India |language=ar |trans-title=Anhaar Fuyūz al-Fatimiyyeen}}</ref>
|Anhaar Fuyūz al-Fatimiyyeen
|1384
|1436
|2016
|-
! colspan=6 | Mohammed Burhanuddin's Rasa'il
|-
|SMB07
|نشر الخير<ref>{{cite book |title=نشر الخير (Nashr al-Khayr) 1391 |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |year=2016 |language=ar |publisher=Badri Mahal |location=Mumbai, India |trans-title=Nashr al-Khayr}}</ref>
|Nashr al-Khayr
|1391
|1437
|2016
|-
|SMB08
|ندى الفيوضات<ref>{{cite book |title=ندى الفيوضات ١٣٩٢ |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |year=2017 |publisher=Badri Mahal |location=Mumbai, India |language=ar |trans-title=Nadā al-Fūyūdāt}}</ref>
|Nadā al-Fūyūdāt
|1392
|1438
|2017
|-
|SMB09
|سلسبيل روض القدس<ref>{{Cite book |title= سلسبيل روض القدر|last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |publisher=Badri Mahal |year=2018 |language=ar |location=Mumbai, India |trans-title=Salsabīl Rawd al-Quds}}</ref>
|Salsabīl Rawd al-Quds
|1393
|1439
|2018
|-
|SMB10
|بركات دعاة الستر<ref>{{Cite book |title=بركات دعاة الستر |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |publisher=Badri Mahal |year=2019 |location=Mumbai |language=ar |trans-title=Barakāt Duāt al-Satr}}</ref>
|Barakāt Duāt al-Satr
|1394
|1440
|2019
|-
! colspan=6 | Mufaddal Saifuddin's Rasa'il
|-
|SMS00
|حكمة الغيبة القدسانية الابدية<ref>{{cite book |title=رسالة النعي المسماة - حكمة الغيبة القدسانية الابدية |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |year=2016 |publisher=Badri Mahal |location=Mumbai, India |language=ar |trans-title=Hikmah al-Ghaybah al-Qudsāniyyah al-Abadiyyah }}</ref>
|Hikmat al-Ghaybat al-Qudsāniyyat al-Abadiyya
|1435
|1436
|2016
|-
|SMS01
|شكر نعم اصحاب البركات<ref>{{cite book |title=شكر نعم اصحاب البركات|last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |year=2017 |language=ar |publisher=Badri Mahal |location=Mumbai, India |trans-title=Shukr Ne'am As'hāb al-Barakāt}}</ref>
|Shukr Ne'am As'hāb al-Barakāt
|1436
|1437
|2017
|-
|SMS02
|جامعة ثمرات العلوم<ref>{{Cite book |title=جامعة ثمرات العلوم |last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |publisher=Badri Mahal |year=2018 |language=ar |location=Mumbai, India |trans-title=Jāmiʿah Samarāt al-ʿUlūm}}</ref>
|Jāmiʿat Thamarāt al-ʿUlūm
|1437
|1438
|2018
|-
|SMS03
|فيوضات يمنية طيبة<ref>{{Cite book |title=فيوضات يمنية طيبة |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |publisher=Badri Mahal |year=2019 |location=Mumbai, India |language=ar |trans-title=Fūyūdāt Yamaniyyah Taiyyebah}}</ref>
|Fūyūdāt Yamaniyyat Taiyyeba
|1438
|1439
|2019
|-
|SMS04
|ملتقى سفينة البركات<ref>{{Cite book |title=ملتقى سفينة البركات |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |publisher=Badri Mahal |year=2019 |language=ar |location=Mumbai, India |trans-title=Multaqā Safīnah al-Barakāt}}</ref>
|Multaqā Safīnat al-Barakāt
|1439
|1440
|2019
|-
|SMS05
|دفينة مفاخر ال النبي الطهر<ref>{{Cite book |last=His Holiness |first=Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb |title=دفينة مفاخر ال النبي الطهر |publisher=Badri Mahal |year=2020 |location=Mumbai, India |language=ar |trans-title=Dafīnah Mafākhir āl al-Nabi al-Tuhr}}</ref>
|Dafīnat Mafākhir āl al-Nabi al-Tuhr
|1440
|1441
|2020
|}

=== Qasidah (Poetry) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!#
![[Matla]]
!Language
!Style
!Occasion
|-
! colspan=5 |1435 ھ
|-
|1
|الم بدين الله ادهى الشدائد
|Arabic
|Elegy
|
|-
|2
|اے الله نا داعي نبي نا پيارا
|[[Lisan al-Dawat]]
|Elegy
|
|-
|3
|اناجيك رب العالمين مبسملا.
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|4
|سلام على ال النبي الاكارم.<ref>{{cite book|title=سلام على ال النبي الاكارم|last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|date=1435H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India}}</ref>
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1436 ھ
|-
|5
|عليك سلام الله و الصلوات<ref>{{cite book|title=عليك سلام الله و الصلواتلله|last=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|first=His Holiness|date=1436H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India}}</ref>
|Arabic
|Elegy
|[[Urs]]
|-
|6
|اناجيك ربي اليك التجائي
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|7
|اتيت بابك كعبة القبل.<ref>{{cite book|title=اتيت بابك كعبة القبل|last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|date=1436H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India}}</ref>
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
|8
|چلو اے پیارا عزیزو چلو
|[[Lisan al-Dawat]]
|Nasihat
|[[Eid al-Adha]]
|-
|9
|علم الانسان مالم یعلم ايك اعزاز ہے
|[[Urdu]]
|[[Nazm]]
|At [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1437 ھ
|-
|10
|جئتك ربي تائبا عابدا.
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|11
|يا بني الخمسة انتم وزري<ref>{{cite book|title=يا بني الخمسة انتم وزري|last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|date=1437H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India}}</ref>
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1438 ھ
|-
|12
|دعوت اله العالمين مناجيا.<ref>{{Citation|last=Dawoodi Bohras|title=1438 Munajaat by Syedna AaliQadr Mufaddal Saifuddin TUS - نعيم المناجاة الرمضانية|date=2017-06-16|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuBsALVfCKg|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref>
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|13
|يا طيب العصر طيب طوبى<ref>{{cite book|title=يا طيب العصر طيب طوبى|last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|date=1438H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India}}</ref>
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
|14
|روجو برادر حسين نے روجو
|[[Lisan al-Dawat]]
|Marsiya
|[[Eid al-Adha]]
|-
! colspan=5|1439 ھ
|-
|15
|ا مالك يوم الدين اياك نعبد<ref>{{cite book|title= ا مالك يوم الدين اياك نعبد|last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|date=1439H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India 1439H}}</ref>
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|16
|اھل بيت النبي خذوا بيدي<ref>{{cite book|title= اھل بيت النبي خذوا بيدي|last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|date=1439H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India 1439H}}</ref>
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
|17
|يا حسينا پر هميى قربان چهے قربان چهے<ref>{{cite book|title= يا حسينا پر هميى قربان چهے قربان چهے - اغر عزاء الحسين|last=His Holiness|first=Syedna Mufadddal Saifuddin|date=1439H|publisher=Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India}}</ref>
|[[Lisan al-Dawat]]
|Marsiya
|[[Eid al-Adha]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1440 ھ
|-
|18
|يابن<ref>(Unpublished) Recited by Mufaddal Saifuddin during the Urus sermon dated 16 Rabi al-Awwal 1440H (24 November 2018), Mumbai, India.</ref> الحسين يا امام العصر * بفضلك اقبل سجدات الشكر
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Muharram]]
(Thanking for Dream of Imam uz zaman)
|-
|19
|ايا رب اوزعني لاشكر دائبا
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|20
|فديتك يا طيب العترة
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1441 ھ
|-
|21
| اناجيك يا رازق العافية<ref>{{Cite web |title=Munajat Shareefah of 1441h Shehre Ramadan on sautuliman. |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CN-HDL0se_Z/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/sautaliman/2557512643572264921 |archive-date=2021-12-23 |url-access=subscription|date=22 April 2021 |website=instagram.com |author=Saut al-Iman}}{{cbignore}}
*{{cite AV media |title=Munajaat Shareefa of al-Dai al-Ajal Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin TUS of 1441h |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1-Viiu293A&list=PLE_M0uZFZ26D8LABUYikY0HICJiWcbPBt&index=6 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|22
|اهل بيت الوحي اهل الكرم
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
|23
|ذكر الحسين خير زاد الذاكرين
|Arabic
|[[Marsiya]]
|[[Eid al-Ghadeer]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1442 ھ
|-
|24
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lailatul Qadr • Munajat Shareefah 1442H |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/COcbbGMsLf8/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/mahadalzahra/2566046497031370748_2566046492937801685 |archive-date=2021-12-23 |url-access=subscription|date=5 May 2021 |website=instagram.com |author=Mahad al-Zahra}}{{cbignore}}</ref> دعوتك ذا الرحمة الواسعة
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|25
|يا طيب الفاطميين بني فاطمة
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1443 ھ
|-
|26
|ايا ربنا نبتغي الوسيلة
|Arabic
|Munajat
|[[Laylat al-Qadr]]
|-
|27
|رجائي انتم ال النبي
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|[[Eid al-Fitr]]
|-
! colspan=5 |1444 ھ
|-
|28
|فزت فوزا اذ انادي يا علي
|Arabic
|Qasida
|Najaf trip
|-
|29
|اتاك الهي رجاك الهي
|Arabic
|Munajat
|Laylat al-Qadr
|-
|30
|فاطمي عين الحيوة
امامي
|Arabic
|[[Qasida]]
|Eid al-Fitr
|-
|31
|حسيني دنو غم سي ايا
|Lisan al-Dawat
|[[Marsiya|Marasiya]]
|[[Eid al-Adha]]
|-
! colspan="5" |1445ھ
|-
|32
|دعوتك ارحم الرحماء فارحم
|Arabic
|Munajat
|Laylat al-Qadr
|-
|33
|ال النبي ائمتي حبي لكم
|Arabic
|Qasida
|Eid al-Fitr
|-
|34
|کربلاء میرے آقا سدهارے
|Urdu
|Marasiya
|Eid al-Adha
|-
! colspan="5" |1446ھ
|-
|35
|عبدك يرجو فانت مولاه
|Arabic
|Munajat
|Laylat al-Qadr
|-
|36
|سبحتي طيب الوجود مديحك
|Arabic
|Qasida
|Eid al-Fitr
|}

== Ashara Mubaraka ==
{{multiple image
| total_width =330px
| align = right
| image1 = Mufaddal Saifuddin Houstan Ashara.jpg
| footer = Left: Saifuddin at an ''Ashara Mubaraka'' gathering at Mohammedi Masjid ([[Houston]]). Right: Masjid e Moazzam, the venue of Saifuddin's first ''Ashara Mubaraka'' (Surat).
| image2 = Masjid e Moazzam Surat.jpg
}}
{{trim|{{#section: Mohammed Burhanuddin|asharasmb}}}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+{{nowrap|''Ashara Mubaraka'' venues since 2014
}}
|-
! {{abbr|[[Common Era|CE]]|Gregorian Year}}
! {{abbr|AH|Anno Hegirae}}
! align="center" |City
! align="center" |Province
! align="center" |Country
! align="center" |Continent
! align="center" |Start
! align="center" |End
! align="center" |Attendees
|-
|2014 ||1436 ||[[Surat]]<ref name="iexashara2014">{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/dawoodi-bohra-head-praises-pm-modi-in-muharaam-speech/ |title=Dawoodi Bohra head praises PM Modi in Muharaam speech |last1=Saiyed |first1=Kamal |date=30 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617150335/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/dawoodi-bohra-head-praises-pm-modi-in-muharaam-speech/ |archive-date=17 June 2020 |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{flagcountry|India|1436}}
|[[Asia]]
|{{dts|25 October}}
|{{dts|2 November}}
|200,000<ref name="iexashara2014" />
|-
|2015||1437 ||[[Houston]]<ref name="ashara2015">{{Cite news|url=https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/neighborhood/gathering-at-muslim-mosque-draws-tens-of-thousands-and-traffic-/142413189 |title=Gathering at Muslim mosque draws tens of thousands – and traffic |date=14 October 2015 |website=khou.com}}</ref> || [[Texas]] ||{{flagcountry|United States of America|1437}}|||[[North America]]||{{dts|14 October}}||{{dts|22 October}}|| 25,000<ref name="ashara2015" />
|-
|2016||1438||[[Dar es Salaam]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/a-journey-of-faith/articleshow/54524063.cms |title=A journey of faith |last1=Shelar |first1=Jyoti |date=6 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617125506/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/a-journey-of-faith/articleshow/54524063.cms |archive-date=17 June 2020 |work=[[India Times]]}}</ref>|| [[Dar es Salaam Region]]||{{flagcountry|Tanzania|1438}}||[[Africa]]||{{dts|3 October}}||{{dts|11 October}}|| 32,000<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/JPM-thanks-Bohra-Community-leader-for-cooperating-with-govt/1840340-3410180-12d8w18z/index.html |title=JPM thanks Bohra Community leader for cooperating with govt |date=9 October 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|2017||1439 ||[[Karachi]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/231228-Bohra-community-leader-selects-Karachi-for-Ashara-Mubaraka | title=Bohra community leader selects Karachi for Ashara Mubaraka| date=19 September 2017}}</ref>|| [[Sindh]] || {{flagcountry|Pakistan|1439}}||rowspan="4"|[[Asia]]||{{dts|22 September}}||{{dts|30 September}}|| 65,000
|-
|2018||1440 ||[[Indore]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/dawoodi-bohras-to-flock-to-indore-for-syednas-muharram-sermons/article24774626.ece | title= Dawoodi Bohras to flock to Indore for Syedna's Muharram sermons | date=25 August 2018 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=Jyoti | last=Shelar | access-date=21 January 2019 }}</ref> || [[Madhya Pradesh]] ||{{flagcountry|India|1440}}||{{dts|12 September}}||{{dts|20 September}}|| 210,000
|-
|2019 || 1441 ||[[Colombo]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ft.lk/front-page/First-major-international-convention-to-be-held-in-SL-after-Easter-Sunday-attacks/44-684268 | title = First major international convention to be held in SL after Easter Sunday attacks | date=21 August 2019 | newspaper=DailyFT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AzzamAmeen/status/1164823456409477121|title=Sri Lanka Tourism is expecting over 20,000 tourists from around 40 countries for the Bohra Global Convention that is set to take place from 1 Sept to 10 Sept in Colombo. Around 3,000 hotel rooms have been booked so far. US$50 million income expected|last=Ameen|first=Azzam|date=2019-08-23|website=@AzzamAmeen|language=en|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>||[[Western Province, Sri Lanka|Western Province]] || {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka|1441}} ||{{dts| 1 September}} || {{dts| 9 September}} || 28,000
|-
| 2020 || 1442 || [[Khandala]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search results: Khandala |url=https://www.misbah.info/?s=khandala |website=misbah.info |access-date=9 Mar 2021 }}</ref>{{efn|During the ''Ashara Mubaraka'' in August 2020, as Mosques remained closed inline with government regulations due to COVID-19 pandemic, previous years sermons by [[Taher Saifuddin]], [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]], and Mufaddal Saifuddin were broadcast online to the community worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/dawoodi-bohras-watch-sermons-at-home-recreate-spiritual-ambience/22956247 |title=Dawoodi Bohras watch sermons at home, recreate spiritual ambience |date=27 August 2020 |last1=Sarkar |first1=Gaurav |website=mid-day.com |publisher=Mid-Day Infomedia |location=Mumbai }}</ref>}} || [[Maharashtra]] || {{flagcountry|India}} ||{{dts| 20 August}} || {{dts|28 August}} || rowspan="2"|NA
|-
| 2021 || 1443 || [[Nairobi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search results: Nairobi |url=https://www.misbah.info/?s=nairobi |archive-url=https://www.misbah.info/?s=khandala |archive-date=9 March 2021 |website=misbah.info |access-date=9 Sep 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Nairobi County]] || {{flagcountry|Kenya}} || [[Africa]] ||{{dts|10 August}} || {{dts|18 August}}
|-
| 2022 || 1444 || [[London]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABPL |title=Dawoodi Bohras of London are hosting this year's international gathering to commemorate Ashara Mubaraka |url=https://www.asian-voice.com/News/UK/Dawoodi-Bohras-of-London-are-hosting-this-year%27s-international-gathering-to-commemorate-Ashara-Mubaraka |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=www.asian-voice.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> || [[England]] || {{flagcountry|UK}} || [[Europe]] || {{dts|30 July}} || {{dts|7 August}} || 12,500
|-
| 2023 || 1445 || [[Dubai]] || [[Emirate of Dubai]] || {{flagcountry|UAE}} || rowspan="3" | [[Asia]] || {{dts|19 July}} || {{dts|27 July}} || 75,000<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=Muharram: 75,000 Dawoodi Bohra community members gather in Dubai to mark Ashara Mubaraka |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/muharram-75000-dawoodi-bohra-community-members-gather-in-dubai-to-mark-ashara-mubaraka-1.97086315 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=gulfnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|1446
|[[Karachi]]<ref name=pakistanashara2>{{Cite news |url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/330366958/dawoodi-bohra-community-leader-to-visit-pakistan-soon |title=Dawoodi Bohra community leader to visit Pakistan soon |date=25 June 2024 }}</ref>
|[[Sindh]]
|{{flagcountry|Pakistan|1439}}
|8 July
|16 July
|Estimated 81,000
|-
|2025
|1447
|[[Madras]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{flagcountry|India|1439}}
|27 June
|5 July
|43,000<ref> {{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2025/Jun/28/dawoodi-bohras-ashara-mubaraka-underway-in-chennai |title=Dawoodi Bohra's Ashara Mubaraka underway in Chennai |first=Sonu |last=Kothari |publisher=New Indian Express|date=28 Jun 2025}}</ref>
|}

== Succession ==
[[File:Dai Burhanuddin and his son Muffadal Saifuddin.jpg|thumb|Burhanuddin confers [[Nass (Islam)|nass]] on his son Saifuddin at a gathering at [[Raudat Tahera]], 2011.]]The 52nd [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of the [[Dawoodi Bohras]], Syedna [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]], died on 17 January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2014 |title=Leader of Bohra community Dr Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin dead at 102 |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/660017/leader-of-bohra-community-dr-syedna-mohammed-burhanuddin-dead-at-102/ |website=The Express Tribune}}</ref> As per the tenets of the faith<ref>{{cite book |last=Blank |first=Jonah |title=Mullahs on the Mainframe : Islam and Modernity Among the Daudi Bohras |date=2001 |publisher=University of Chicago Press; 1 edition (15 April 2001) |isbn=978-0-226-05676-0 |page=135 & 165}}</ref> each predecessor must nominate a successor during his lifetime.<ref>{{cite book |last=Daftary |first=Farhad |title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-46578-6 |page=275}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Daftary |first=Farhad |title=A Modern History of the Ismailis: Continuity and Change in a Muslim Community |date=2011 |publisher=I. B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-717-7 |page=333}}</ref> His demise sparked questions about the line of succession<ref name="Huff Post22">{{cite news |last=Mawani |first=Rizwan |date=30 January 2014 |title=The Intricacies of Succession: Two Claimants Emerge for Dawoodi Bohra Leadership |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rizwan-mawani/the-intricacies-of-succes_b_4687546.html |access-date=11 February 2014}}</ref> when [[Khuzaima Qutbuddin]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2016 |title=Farewell, Mr People |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/Farewell-Mr-People/articleshow/51654644.cms |access-date=2019-11-20 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref> asserted his right to succession against Mufaddal Saifuddin.

The challenge created a divide within the community,<ref name="livemintbattle2">{{Cite web |last=Kappal |first=Bhanuj |date=2019-07-28 |title=The battle for the leadership of the Dawoodi Bohras |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/the-battle-for-the-leadership-of-the-dawoodi-bohras-1564140215359.html |access-date=2019-11-21 |language=en}}</ref> with the majority aligning with Mufaddal Saifuddin<ref>{{cite web |title=Dawoodi Bohras stage a peace march |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-29/pune/46781344_1_pune-cantonment-peace-march-dawoodi-bohras |work=[[The Times of India]]}}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=31 January 2014 |title=Bohras make anti-Syedna faction's ex-communication official, stick by Mufaddal Saifuddin |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-bohras-make-anti-syedna-faction-s-ex-communication-official-stick-by-mufaddal-saifuddin-1958375}}</ref> and a smaller number aligning with Khuzaima Qutbuddin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership Battle Splits Dawoodi Bohras {{!}} Outlook India Magazine |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-dirty-leadership-battle-splits-dawoodi-bohras/301708 |access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref> Mufaddal Saifuddin took control of the Dawoodi Bohra administration and community infrastructure. In March 2014, Qutbuddin filed civil suit 337/2014 in the Bombay High Court against Saifuddin in which he sought a declaration that he was validly appointed as the 53rd Dai al-Mutlaq.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shukla |first=Ashutosh M. |date=2014-04-29 |title=Dawoodi Bohra succession battle in Bombay High Court today |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-dawoodi-bohra-succession-battle-in-bombay-high-court-today-1983113 |access-date=2019-11-26 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dave |first=Sachin |date=2017-03-09 |title=Bombay High Court allows Taher Fakhruddin to be substituted in Dawoodi Bohra community suit in place of his father |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bombay-high-court-allows-taher-fakhruddin-to-be-substituted-in-dawoodi-bohra-community-suit-in-place-of-his-father/articleshow/57555049.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> After hearings spanning ten years, on 23 April 2024 the [[Bombay High Court]] dismissed the suit that challenged Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin's position. The court dismissed [[Khuzaima Qutbuddin|Khuzaima Qutbuddin's]] claim, which was pursued by his son and successor [[Taher Fakhruddin]] in 2016 after Qutbuddin died. It upheld Syedna Saifuddin as Dai al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombay-high-court-rejects-dawoodi-bohra-succession-suit-101713852817458.html | title=Bombay high court rejects Dawoodi Bohra succession suit, upholds Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin's claim | date=23 April 2024 }}</ref> Taher Fakhruddin has appealed the judgement,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-26 |title=‘Will continue legal battle over Syedna succession’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/will-continue-legal-battle-over-syedna-succession/articleshow/109604715.cms |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> but legal observers believe it faces challenges in succeeding given the court's judgement<ref>High Court of Judicature at Bombay. Taher Fakhruddin Saheb v Mufaddal Burhanuddin Saifuddin, Suit No. 337 of 2014, decided 23 April 2024. https://indiankanoon.org/doc/47458418/ Accessed 3 March 2025.</ref> and the Indian government's strong alignment with Mufaddal Saifuddin.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=348&v=aUbepGeSWZg&feature=youtu.be |title=Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin appreciates PM Modi |date=2018-09-14 |last=Narendra Modi |access-date=2025-03-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/lKXSivXqWnM |title=Bohra community gentleman welcomes PM Modi in France |language=en |access-date=2025-03-03 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/nfCHY4b3cG0 |title=See how much love and respect Bohra Muslims give Narendra Modi in Egypt |language=en |access-date=2025-03-03 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/lKXSivXqWnM |title=Bohra community Welcomes PM Modi in France |language=en |access-date=2025-03-03 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCETky8KH5Y&feature=youtu.be |title=Sydney Indian High Commission invites 100 Dawoodi Bohras to Modi event |date=2014-11-16 |last=Headlines Today |access-date=2025-03-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

==External Links==
*[https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/office-of-the-al-dai-al-mutlaq/syedna-mufaddal-saifuddin/ 53rd al-Dai al-Mutlaq and Leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=sbahlan>{{Cite web |title=Ahlan wa Sahlan! |date=25 March 2015 |website=sbmedical.org |author=Aamer Jamali |url=https://sbmedical.org/ahlan-wa-sahlan/ |access-date=26 July 2020 }}</ref>

}}
{{s-start }}
{{s-rel|sh}}
{{s-hou| [[Dā'ī al-Mutlaq]]||20 August 1946}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]] }}
{{s-ttl|title = 53rd [[Dā'ī al-Mutlaq]] 2014–present}}
{{s-aft|after = Incumbent}}
{{s-end}}

{{Dā'ī al-Mutlaq}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saifuddin, Mufaddal}}
[[Category:Dawoodi Bohras]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dawoodi Bohra da'is]]
[[Category:Indian Ismailis]]
[[Category:People from Surat]]
[[Category:Indian spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:21st-century Ismailis]]
[[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Madagascar]]

Srijan Pal Singh

2026-04-24T11:15:03Z

Veirdo: Put Up New Bio

{{Short description|Indian author, speaker, entrepreneur}}
{{COI|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Srijan Pal Singh
| image = Srijan Singh.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Srijan Pal Singh
| pseudonym = Srijan Pal Singh Kalam
| birth_date = 18 January
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]] [[Institute of Engineering and Technology]], [[Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University|Uttar Pradesh Technical University]]
| genre =
| notableworks = [https://www.penguin.co.in/book/i-am-the-universe/ I am the Universe] [https://books.google.com/books?id=u5aBjgEACAAJ Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity] [https://books.google.com/books?id=mdvgsgEACAAJ Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future] [https://books.google.com/books?id=e9ekDAAAQBAJ What Can I Give?: Life lessons from My Teacher - Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]
| awards = Young Alumni Achievers Award 2022 (IIM-A)
| spouse = None
| children = None
| education = B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering), 
MBA
| occupation = Indian Author, Scientist, Public speaker, Entrepreneur
}}
'''Srijan Pal Singh''' is an Indian author, scientist, public speaker, and social entrepreneur. He is an electrical engineer from the [[Institute of Engineering and Technology|Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow]]. He worked closely with the Former President of India Dr [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].

== Early life and education ==
He was born in [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. His early education was completed in [[La Martiniere College]], Lucknow.

==Career==
At [[Boston Consulting Group]] (BCG), he collaborated with the [[World Food Programme]] to enhance governance and transparency in the Public Distribution System (PDS) in Naxal-affected areas of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2008/oct/03pds.htm|title=IIM-A student, BCG to improve PDS|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2018-08-04}}</ref>

He played a crucial role in Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA), a rural development initiative that was later adopted as a national program by the Government of India in partnership with private corporations.<ref name="pura project">{{cite web |last=Ganguly |first=Dibeyendu |title=Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-03/news/31021155_1_pura-project-urban-amenities-villages |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224125049/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-03/news/31021155_1_pura-project-urban-amenities-villages |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2013 |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=3 Feb 2013}}</ref>

During this time, he co-authored three books with Dr. Kalam. Target 3 Billion, published in 2011, focused on sustainable rural development and proposed solutions that later influenced national policies.<ref name="3 billion">[[Target 3 Billion]]</ref>

In 2016, he was named a Mentor for the Uttar Pradesh Startup Policy.<ref name="Mentor">{{cite news|title= List of Mentors for Startup Policy |url=http://itpolicyup.gov.in/mentors/}}</ref>

In 2014, he co-founded Barefoot IT, an initiative aimed at empowering rural communities through technology and policy. Under this, he launched e-Spandana, a platform designed to connect rural citizens with their elected representatives to address community issues.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hitech "e-Spandana" launched in Bagalkot district |url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/hitech-e-spandana-launched-bagalkot-district-1494106.html}}</ref>

He is the Founder & CEO of [[Homi Lab]], a future learning lab dedicated to preparing the next generation of pioneers to tackle climate change, sustainable energy, space exploration, AI, robotics, and interplanetary missions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-19 |title=Homi Lab Launches Dr. Kalam Future Lab to Nurture Future Innovators|url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/homi-lab-launches-dr-kalam-future-lab-to-nurture-future-innovators/2137765/
}}</ref>

As an author, he has written extensively on management, urban development, and leadership. In 2015, he published Excellence in Management, a study on best practices in public sector management, focusing on Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, published by UNDP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi Metro: Excellence in Management |url=http://vslopac.iimahd.ernet.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=173290 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116195021/http://vslopac.iimahd.ernet.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=173290 |archive-date=2014-01-16 |website=Vikram Sarabhai Library, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad}}</ref>

His writings have been featured in The Hindu, Times of India, BusinessWorld, and Rajasthan Patrika.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |title=Nuclear power is our gateway to a prosperous future |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/nuclear-power-is-our-gateway-to-a-prosperous-future/article2601471.ece |access-date=6 Nov 2011 |newspaper=THE HINDU |date=6 Nov 2011}}</ref> As a public speaker, he has delivered talks at TEDx events,<ref name="TED Talk">{{cite web|last=Pal Singh|first=Srijan|title=TEDxJaipur|url=https://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/TEDxJaipur-Srijan-Pal-Singh|publisher=TEDx|access-date=16 July 2012}}</ref> the Australia-India Youth Dialogue (AIYD).<ref name="AIYD">{{cite web|last=S B|first=Adarsh|title=Australia India Youth Dialogue|url=http://www.aiyd.org/past-dialogues/2012-dialogue/indian-delegates/|publisher=AIYD}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
In 2022, he was honored with the Young Alumni Achievers Award by the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM-A) for his outstanding contributions to social service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIMA honors nine alumni with the Young Alumni Achiever's Award 2022 |url=https://www.iima.ac.in/inmediaiima-honours-nine-alumni-young-alumni-achievers-award-2022 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=www.iima.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=IIM Ahmedabad felicitated their alumnus Srijan Pal Singh with the Young Alumni Achievers Award |url=https://news.careers360.com/iim-ahmedabad-felicitated-their-alumni-srijan-pal-singh-in-young-alumni-achievers-award |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Careers360 |language=en}}</ref>

== Books and publications ==
* [http://www.penguinbooksindia.com/en/content/srijan-pal-singh Target 3 Billion] by [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] and Srijan Pal Singh | Publisher [[Penguin Books]]
* [https://www.amazon.in/Khushhal-Samridh-Vishwa-Abdul-Kalam/dp/9350481669 Khushhal Va Samridh Vishwa] by [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] and Srijan Pal Singh | Publisher [[Prabhat Prakashan]]
* [http://vslopac.iimahd.ernet.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=173290 Delhi Metro: Excellence in Management] by Samar K. Datta; Biju Varkkey; Srijan Pal Singh; and Suyog Nankar | Publisher [[UNDP]]
* [https://www.amazon.in/Smart-Human-Building-Cities-Wisdom/dp/9351773809/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1428748314&sr=1-1 Smart and Human Building Cities of Wisdom] by Srijan Pal Singh and G.R.K. Reddy | Publisher [[Harper Collins India]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Srijan Pal Singh |author2=G.R.K. Reddy|title=Smart and Human Building Cities of Wisdom|date=6 May 2015|publisher=6 May 2015|isbn=978-9351773801|pages=296}}</ref>
* [http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2010-02-03Datta.pdf A Perspective on Fisheries Sector Interventions for Livelihood Promotion]<ref>{{cite news|title=A Perspective on Fisheries Sector Interventions for Livelihood Promotion|url=http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2010-02-03Datta.pdf|access-date=11 April 2015}}</ref>]
* [http://www.aiyd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/AIYD-Education-Taskforce-Report.pdf Education in the Australia-India Relationship]<ref>{{cite news|title=Education in the Australia-India Relationship|url=http://www.aiyd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/AIYD-Education-Taskforce-Report.pdf}}</ref>
* [http://www.bandhan.org/report/Bandhans_micro_credit_report_2013.pdf Assessing Impacts of Bandhan's Micro-credit and Related Development Interventions]<ref>{{cite news|title=Assessing Impacts of Bandhan's Micro-credit and Related Development Interventions|url=http://www.bandhan.org/report/Bandhans_micro_credit_report_2013.pdf}}</ref>
* [https://www.amazon.in/Reignited-Scientific-Pathways-Brighter-Future/dp/0143333542/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1429342999&sr=8-2&keywords=reignited Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future]<ref>{{cite book|title=Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future|date=27 May 2015|publisher=Penguin India|isbn=978-0143333548|page=280}}</ref>
* [https://www.amazon.in/Advantage-India-P-J-Abdul-Kalam/dp/935177645X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1441704168&sr=1-1&keywords=advantage++india Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity]<ref>{{cite book |title=Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity |date=28 Oct 2015|publisher=Harper Collins India |isbn=978-9351776451 |page=240 }}</ref>
* [http://penguin.co.in/book/young-adult/can-give-life-lessons-teacher-p-j-abdul-kalam/ What Can I Give? Life Lessons from my Teacher]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://penguin.co.in/book/young-adult/can-give-life-lessons-teacher-p-j-abdul-kalam/|title=What Can I Give? - Penguin India|work=Penguin India|access-date=2017-04-03|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Black Tiger: Defeating India's Corrupted<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DWDkswEACAAJ|title=The Black Tiger: Defeating India's Corrupted and Realising Kalam's Dream of a Corruption-free India|last=Singh|first=Srijan Pal|date=2017|publisher=Fingerprint|isbn=9788175994744|language=en}}</ref>
*[https://www.amazon.in/Reignited-2-Emerging-Technologies-Tomorrow/dp/0143441124 Reignited 2: Emerging Technologies of Tomorrow]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/uncategorized/reignited-2-2/ |title=Reignited 2: Emerging Technologies of Tomorrow |last=Singh|first=Srijan Pal|date=2019|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780143441120|language=en}}</ref>
*[https://www.penguin.co.in/book/i-am-the-universe/ I am the Universe] by Srijan Pal Singh | Publisher [[Penguin Books]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Srijan Pal}}
[[Category:Businesspeople from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:IET Lucknow alumni]]

Mubeena Ramzan

2026-04-22T22:47:39Z

Veirdo: started entry

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}

'''Mubeena Ramzan''' is an [[Islam|Islamic]] [[scholar]] and [[Activism|social activist]] from [[Kashmir]], known for her work in women's education and empowerment. She is the first Kashmiri woman to be featured in "[[The 500 Most Influential Muslims|The Muslim 500]]" and founded the socio-religious organization Ansar-un-Nisa and the educational institution Jamia Islamia Mahdul Muslimat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Mubina Ramzan: First Kashmiri Woman in "The Muslim 500" – Building Madrasas and Ansar-un-Nisa for Girls {{!}} Afroz Khan, New Age Islam |url=https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-personalities/afroz-khan-new-age-islam/dr-mubina-ramzan-first-kashmiri-woman-the-muslim-500-%E2%80%93-building-madrasas-ansar-un-nisa-girls/d/137497 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=www.newageislam.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mubeena Ramzan was born in 1974 in [[Sopore]] (Apple Town of Kashmir), a city of the [[Baramulla]] district of [[Kashmir]]. She completed her early education at Islamia High School, Sopore. After this, she obtained her graduation degree from Islamia College, Sopore. After graduation, Dr. Mubeena completed her [[Master's degree|Master's]] and [[M.Phil]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=SLSV |date=2023-05-25 |title=Meet Mubeena Ramzan, the trailblazer in imparting women’s education and property rights - SLSV - A global media, Research and Consultancy Network |url=https://www.soundnlight.in/meet-mubeena-ramzan-the-trailblazer-in-imparting-womens-education-and-property-rights/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

She received her M.A. and M.Phil. degrees in Islamic studies from the [[University of Kashmir]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-01 |title=Meet Dr. Mubeena Ramzan, the first Kashmiri women to feature among world's 500 most influential Muslims |url=https://sabrangindia.in/article/meet-dr-mubeena-ramzan-first-kashmiri-women-feature-among-worlds-500-most-influential/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=SabrangIndia |language=en-in}}</ref>

During her M.Phil. at the University of Kashmir, she completed two dissertations on topics related to Islamic law and social evils.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘In ottaman empire 40% contribution to Bait-al-Mal was by women, strive to achieve same status in society’ |url=https://kashmirvision.in/2018/11/15/masculinisation-of-women-part-of-problem-they-face-mubeena-ramzan/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=Kashmir Vision |language=en-in}}</ref>

She also holds a [[doctorate]]. In addition, Mubeena Ramzan received education in Islamic sciences from Hazrat Mufti Muzaffar Hussain Qasimi, the Chief Mufti of Darul-ul-Uloom Sopore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Valley based Islamic Scholar Dr Mubeena Ramzan featured among the world's 500 most influential Muslims globally |url=https://theins.in/2018/10/22/valley-based-islamic-scholar-dr-mubeena-ramzan-featured-among-the-worlds-500-most-influential-muslims-globally/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=The INS News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=News |date=2021-01-31 |title="Empowering Women Through Islam" - Dr. Mubeena Ramzan |url=https://thekashmiriyat.co.uk/empowering-women-through-islam-dr-mubeena-ramzan/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=The Kashmiriyat |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Social welfare ==
During her research thesis, there were drastic changes in Mubeena's life. While researching social evils, she realized that just doing research is not enough; steps should also be taken to reduce these social evils.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masculinisation of women force important problem of the women folk today: Dr Mubeena Ramzan |url=https://thekashmirpress.com/2018/11/16/masculinisation-of-women-force-important-problem-of-the-women-folk-today-dr-mubeena-ramzan/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=The Kashmir Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Farooq |first=Omer |date=2018-11-27 |title=In conversation with Dr Mubeena Ramzan: ‘Real women empowerment comes from imparting education and skills’ {{!}} Free Press Kashmir |url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2018/11/27/in-conversation-with-dr-mubeena-ramzan-real-women-empowerment-comes-from-imparting-education-and-skills/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

To fight these social evils, Mubeena Ramzan left her [[Lecturer|lectureship]] and started from a rented room in [[Sopore]] in 2002. She began her work under the aegis of the Mahdul Muslimat Educational Trust.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Online |date=2018-10-25 |title=Two Kashmiries listed among 500 most influential Muslims of world |url=https://onlykashmir.in/21283/two-kashmiries-listed-among-500-most-influential-muslims-of-world/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=onlykashmir.in/ |language=en-US}}</ref>

The purpose of establishing this [[madrasa]] was to provide girls with [[Islam|Islamic]] education as well as skill training.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=Dr.Mubeena Ramzan- Founder – Ansar-Un-Nisa {{!}} Mpositive.in |url=https://www.mpositive.in/tag/dr-mubeena-ramzan-founder-ansar-un-nisa/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Founding Ansar–un–Nisa ==
In 2013, Mubeena called a meeting of around 100 women working in different fields in [[Sopore]], where she planned to start welfare work for women. To fulfill the purpose of her plan, she founded an [[organization]] named "Ansar un Nisa" in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fatima |first=Nikhat |date=2018-11-30 |title=Meet Dr. Mubeena Ramzan, the first Kashmiri woman to feature among world's 500 most influential Muslims |url=https://twocircles.net/2018nov30/427436.html |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

This organization helps the needy, including prospective brides, [[Widow|widows]], and [[Orphan|orphans]], and also establishes vocational training centers. Today, it has branches in [[Sopore]] ([[Baramulla]]), [[Baghat]] ([[Srinagar]]), and [[Sumbal, Jammu and Kashmir|Sumbal]] ([[Bandipore]]).<ref name="auto1" />

== References ==

<references />

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramzan, Mubeena}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim activists]]
[[Category:Kashmiri women]]
[[Category:Kashmiri activists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

Divya S. Iyer

2026-04-15T11:20:26Z

Veirdo: stub...

{{Short description|Indian Administrative Service Officer, medical doctor, and author}}
{{Promotional|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English |date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| native_name =
| image = Dr. Divya S. Iyer IAS - incumbent Pathanamthitta district magistrate.jpg
| caption = Iyer at her office in Pathanamthitta collectorate, 2021
| office1 =
| appointer1 =
| term_start1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = Managing Director of [[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram| Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited]]
| appointer2 = [[Government of Kerala]]
| minister2 = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| predecessor2 = Adeela Abdulla, IAS
| successor2 =
| term_start2 = 13 October 2023
| term_end2 =
| appointer3 = [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]
| office3 = [[District Collector]] of [[Pathanamthitta]]
| 2blankname3 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata3 = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 = Shibu A
| minister3 =
| term_end3 = 20 October 2023
| term_start3 = 12 July 2021
| office4 = Mission Director of the [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|Mahatma Gandhi NREGA]]
| appointer4 = [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]
| 2blankname4 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata4 = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| predecessor4 =
| term_end4 = 7 July 2021
| term_start4 = 2018
| successor4 =
| 3blankname4 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| 3namedata4 = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|10|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[Christian Medical College, Vellore]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|M.B.B.S.]]
| profession = {{hlist|Civil servant|Medical doctor}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[K. S. Sabarinadhan]]|2017}}
| children = 1
| module = {{Listen|pos=center |embed= yes |filename= Divya S Iyers' Speech.flac |title= Divya S. Iyer's voice |type= speech |description= Few words recorded from the [[Ted Talk]] programme held in April 2017.}}
}}

Divya Sesha Iyer (born 16 October 1984) is an Indian civil servant, medical doctor, author, editor, and public speaker serving in the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) in Kerala. She currently serves as the Managing Director of [[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram]] and Director of the [[Kerala Solid Waste Management Project]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balan |first1=Saritha S |title=Divya S Iyer IAS to Adeela Abdulla IAS, here are Kerala's 8 women District Collectors |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/divya-s-iyer-ias-adeela-abdulla-ias-here-are-keralas-8-women-district-collectors-152088|access-date=10 July 2021 |work=Open Magazine |date=July 10, 2021}}</ref><ref name=rev>{{Cite web |title=Previous District Collectors {{!}} Pathanamthitta District, Government of Kerala {{!}} India |url=https://pathanamthitta.nic.in/en/previous-district-collectors/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> She previously served as District Collector of Pathanamthitta and as Mission Director of the [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme]] in Kerala.<ref name=rev/> and Mission Director of [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|Mahatma Gandhi NREGA]].<ref>{{cite news |title=How NREGA helped in rebuilding Kerala, as well as provided livelihood to people|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/how-nrega-helped-rebuilding-kerala-well-provided-livelihood-people-97178|access-date=20 Oct 2024 |work=TheNewsMinute}}</ref>

In addition to her administrative career, Iyer is an [[author]] and [[editor]] whose published works address governance, mythology, gender issues, and civil service preparation. She has also participated in literary and cultural forums and contributes to public discussions on leadership, governance, and social development.

==Early life and education==
Iyer was born on 16 October 1984.<ref name = Civil_List>{{cite web|title=Civil List|url=https://easy.nic.in/civilListIAS/YrCurr/AgeListCL.asp?Slab=3&Cadre=KL&AsOnDate=01/01/2018|access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref> She hails from [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sabarinadhan weds Divya S. Iyer|newspaper=The Hindu|date=July 2017|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sabarinadhan-weds-divya-s-iyer/article19190031.ece|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> She is the elder daughter of Sesha Iyer, who is a retired [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] employee,<ref name="Philip 2017">{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Shaju |title=An officer and the gentleman: Kerala IAS officer to marry MLA |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/an-officer-and-the-gentleman-kerala-ias-officer-to-marry-mla-4639707/ |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=May 4, 2017}}</ref> and Bhagavathy Ammal, a [[State Bank of Travancore]] employee.<ref>{{cite news |title=MLA KS Sabarinathan to marry Thiruvananthapuram sub-collector Divya S Iyer |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/030517/mla-ks-sabarinathan-to-marry-thiruvananthapuram-sub-collector-divya-s-iyer.html |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=May 3, 2017}}</ref>

Iyer did her schooling at [[Holy Angel's Convent Thiruvananthapuram]]. She scored third rank in [[Secondary School Leaving Certificate|SSLC]] examination conducted by Kerala Board of Public Examinations.<ref>{{cite news |title=''മിടുക്കിയായി പഠിച്ച് ഐഎഎസ് നേടണം''; ''പഠിക്കും, ഡോക്ടറാകും, ഐഎഎസ്സും''|author=മിന്റു പി. ജേക്കബ്|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2022/01/26/collector-divya-s-iyer-minister-antony-raju-and-an-ias-link.html |access-date=February 1, 2022 |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=January 27, 2022 |language=ml}}</ref> She pursued her higher secondary education at St. Thomas Central School before enrolling at the [[Christian Medical College | Christian Medical College Vellore]], Vellore, where she earned her [[MBBS|Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]] degree. Her transition from medicine to administration was driven by a desire to address public health and social issues at a systemic level. She cleared the [[Union Public Service Commission|Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)]] examinations twice, initially joining the Indian Revenue Service before qualifying for the IAS in 2014.<ref name="Aswin 2017"/>

==Career==
Iyer was a doctor before she began her civil service career and continues to practice medicine.<ref name=Hindu2017>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/this-bureaucrat-also-heals/article17413890.ece |title=This bureaucrat also heals|work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=6 March 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Aswin 2017">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/imperfections-need-to-be-appreciated/article17663614.ece |title=Imperfections need to be appreciated |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=25 March 2017 |author= Aswin V.N. }}</ref> She joined IAS in 2014<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala MLA KS Sabarinadhan to marry Thiruvananthapuram sub-collector Divya Iyer |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/may/02/kerala-mla-ks-sabarinadhan-to-marry-thiruvananthapuram-sub-collector-divya-iyer-1600194.html |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |agency=Express News Service |date=May 2, 2017}}</ref> and was assistant collector at Kottayam before becoming Sub-Collector of [[Thiruvananthapuram]].

In 2016, as the nodal officer of Systematic Voter Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) under the Election Commission and assistant collector in Kottayam, Iyer created a voter awareness campaign with the motto "My Vote My Future" to help improve voter turnout.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/050416/straight-bat-vote-bank-message-to-lure-voters.html |title=Straight bat: Vote bank message to lure voters|date=April 5, 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> In 2016, she also wrote and sang the song 'Viral thumbil Nammude Bhaavi' to promote awareness of voting rights and to encourage voting, which was released during a press conference by the District Collector.<ref>{{cite web|title=പാട്ടു പാടി 'വോട്ടു' ചെയ്യിക്കാന്‍ കോട്ടയത്തൊരു കളക്ടര്‍...ദിവ്യ എസ് അയ്യര്‍|url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/amphtml/news/kerala/assembly-election-2016-kottayam-assistant-collector-writes-and-sings-for-sveep-song-148278.html|date=13 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=TMN Staff |title=Songbird bureaucrat: Kottayam Asst. Collector's beautiful melody encouraging voting |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/songbird-bureaucrat-kottayam-asst-collectors-beautiful-melody-encouraging-voting-41507 |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=The News Minute |date=April 12, 2016}}</ref>

In 2018, Iyer was transferred from her role as Sub-Collector to Deputy Secretary in the Local Self-Government Department.<ref>{{cite news |title=Divya S. Iyer transferred to Local Self-Govt dept |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/divya-s-iyer-transferred-to-local-self-govt-dept/article23436218.ece |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=April 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sub-Collector Divya S Iyer transferred to Local Self Government Department Department |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/apr/05/sub-collector-divya-s-iyer-transferred-to-local-self-government-department-department-1797182.html |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |agency=Express News Service |date=April 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Divya S Iyer went by the book in Kuttichal land deal, says collector Vasuki |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2018/04/06/divya-s-iyer-kuttichal-land-deal.html |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=OnManorama |date=April 6, 2018}}</ref>

===Mission Director of the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA===
[[File:Divya s iyer.jpg|thumb|Iyer at the #BreakTheChain awareness campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic.]]
Iyer then served as the Mission Director of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS).<ref name="Kurian 2019">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-nrega-helped-rebuilding-kerala-well-provided-livelihood-people-97178 |title=How NREGA helped in rebuilding Kerala, as well as provided livelihood to people|work=The News Minute |language=en-IN|date=22 February 2019|author=Shiba Kurian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme|url=https://nregs.kerala.gov.in/en/state/|access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref> In this role, she was named one of the ''Kerala Insider'' 50 Most Influential People of 2020, due to her prominent role in the #BreakTheChain awareness campaign during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lazar |first1=Necin |title=Kerala Insider's 50 Most Influential People of 2020 |url=https://www.keralainsider.com/50-most-influential-people-of-2020-in-kerala/ |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=Kerala Insider |archive-date=4 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404130341/https://www.keralainsider.com/50-most-influential-people-of-2020-in-kerala/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/startup-india-uber-ola-zomato-layoffs-unicorns-venture-capitalists-risk-appetite-covid-impact/coronavirus/coronavirus/kerala-mnrega-coronavirus-pandemic-food-kits-cash-work-break-the-chain |title=Food Kits, #BreakTheChain: How Kerala Made Life Easy During Corona|work=The News Minute |language=en-IN|date=30 April 2020|author=Smitha TK}}</ref>

=== District Collector===
[[File:Divya S. Iyer, District Collector of Pathanamthitta.jpg|thumb|Iyer at Pathanamthitta Collectorate office.]]
On 12 July 2021, Iyer became the 36th [[district collector]] of [[Pathanamthitta]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://pathanamthitta.nic.in/previous-district-collectors/ |title=Previous District Collectors|work=Government of Kerala |language=en|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/pathanamthitta/divya-s-iyer-takes-over-as-pathanamthitta-district-collector-299976.html |title=ദിവ്യ എസ് അയ്യര്‍ പത്തനംതിട്ട ജില്ലാ കളക്ടറായി ചുമതലയേറ്റു|work=OneIndia Malayalam |language=ml|date=12 July 2021|author=Ajmal MK}}</ref> In August 2021, she said she plans to continue measures to address the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as development of the district and measures that promote the empowerment of women.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/collector-divya-s-iyer-envisions-a-women-friendly-pathanamthitta-women-empowerment-pathanamthitta-divya-s-iyer-1.5877873 |title=Collector Divya S Iyer envisions a women-friendly Pathanamthitta|work=Mathrubhumi |language=en|date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

In 2021, following the decision of the State government to award title deeds to farmers in [[Konni, Kerala|Konni]] following decades of protests, Iyer prepared and submitted a report with forest division officers as part of the process to distribute the deeds.<ref name="Hindu 2021 2">{{cite news |last1=Staff Reporter |title=6,000 farmers in Konni to get title deeds |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/6000-farmers-in-konni-to-get-title-deeds/article35881369.ece |access-date=15 August 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=August 12, 2021}}</ref>

In December 2021, Iyer distributed gender neutral school uniforms to the students of Government Tribal LP School Attathodu in [[Ranni, Kerala|Ranni]] of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff Reporter |title=6,000 farmers in Konni to get title deeds |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2021/dec/24/tribal-school-in-kerala-receives-gender-neutral-uniforms-from-the-district-collector-of-pathanamthitta-26485.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=The edexLive |date=24 December 2021}}</ref>

In 2021 and 2022, Iyer played a key role in coordinating the annual Sabarimala pilgrimage, drawing public attention and appreciation for the administrative efforts. The district collector’s involvement in pilgrimage management also attracted notice, particularly after a recital of Ayyappa keerthana at Pamba during the reception of the Thanka Anki (golden ornaments) procession from the Aranmula temple to Sabarimala circulated widely on social media.<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{cite news |last1=Arjun Reghunath |title=Women officers played key role in Sabarimala pilgrimage coordination|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/women-officers-played-key-role-in-sabarimala-pilgrimage-coordination-1072303.html |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=26 January 2022}}</ref>

In June 2022, a video of Iyer attending an official function with her toddler went viral on social media. Responding to both support and criticism, she stated, “I am a 24x7 mother and a 24x7 District Collector,” emphasizing that her roles as a parent and as an administrative officer cannot be separated.<ref>{{cite news
|title=IAS Officer Divya S. Iyer Says She Is '24x7 Mum and 24x7 District Collector'
|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/watch-kerala-ias-officer-says-she-is-a-24x7-mum-and-a-24x7-district-collector-after-video-of-her-taking-son-to-public-event-goes-viral-3491541
|access-date=4 March 2025
|publisher=NDTV
|date=June 2022}}</ref>

Divya took part in a [[flash mob]] with students of [[Catholicate College Pathanamthitta|Catholicate College]], as part of the [[MG University]] Union Arts Festival.<ref>{{cite news |title=District collector in Kerala joins students in flash mob, video wows all online|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/pathanamthitta-district-collector-dance-video-kerala-7849342/lite/ |access-date=3 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=31 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pathanamthitta Collector Dr Divya Dancing with MG University Students as Part of Flash Mob|url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/pathanamthitta-collector-dr-divya-dancing-with-mg-university-students-as-part-of-flash-mob-4932239.html |access-date=3 April 2022 |work=News 18 |date=31 March 2022}}</ref>

===Vizhinjam International Seaport===
[[File:2024 July.jpg|thumb|Divya with [[Chief Minister of Kerala]], [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], visiting the Vizhinjam International Seaport during an official inspection/inauguration event.]]

In October 2023, Iyer was appointed as the managing director of [[Vizhinjam International Seaport]] Limited (VISL).<ref>{{cite news |title=Bureaucratic reshuffle in Kerala: Vizhinjam Seaport MD replaced, six district collectors transferred |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/oct/13/bureaucratic-reshuffle-in-kerala-vizhinjam-seaport-md-replaced-six-district-collectors-transferred-2623573.html |access-date=4 March 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=14 October 2023}}</ref> In this role, she oversees the strategic development and operational management of the Vizhinjam International Transshipment Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport, which is expected to reduce India's reliance on foreign ports for transshipment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vizhinjam Port |url=https://vizhinjamport.in |access-date=4 March 2025 |publisher=Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited}}</ref>

Under Iyer's leadership, the port aims to integrate sustainable practices, enhance logistical efficiencies, and improve India's maritime trade competitiveness.<ref>{{cite news |title="Big milestone for Kerala.” says VISL MD Divya S Iyer as PM Modi inaugurates Vizhinjam Seaport |url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9ivbei |work=ANI News}}</ref> The Adani Group’s ports division has committed an additional $1.2 billion to expand the port’s capacity to 3 million TEU by 2028.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=India’s Adani to pump further $1.2 billion into Kerala deep-sea port |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-adani-pump-further-12-bln-into-kerala-deep-sea-port-2024-11-28/ |access-date=4 March 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=28 November 2024}}</ref> Iyer has said that this project is a "game changer" for Kerala's economic landscape, fostering port-led industrialisation and attracting global investment.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vizhinjam Port accelerates development work to tap global maritime potential-md divyas iyer |url=https://cargoandconnect.in/vizhinjam-port-accelerates-development-work-to-tap-global-maritime-potential-md-divya-s-iyer/ |date= January 28, 2026 |work=cargo & Connect}}</ref>

=== Director of the Kerala Solid Waste Management Project (KSWMP)===

In October 2023, Iyer was appointed as the Director of the Kerala Solid Waste Management Project (KSWMP).<ref>{{cite news |title=In major reshuffle, Divya S Iyer is new MD of Vizhinjam port, 5 districts get new collectors |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/major-admin-reshuffle-divya-s-iyer-new-md-of-vizhinjam-port-5-districts-get-new-collectors-1.8983205 |access-date=22 November 2023 |work=[[Mathrubhumi|English.Mathrubhumi]] |date=13 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The project, partially funded by the World Bank with an estimated outlay of ₹2,300 crore, aims to develop an integrated and sustainable framework for managing municipal solid waste across Kerala’s urban local bodies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Solid Waste Management Project (KSWMP) |url=https://kswmp.org/ |access-date=22 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Kerala}}</ref> In her capacity as Director, Iyer oversees policy formulation, resource allocation, and the adoption of modern waste-processing technologies, including biomining and material recovery facilities.

Under Iyer’s leadership, KSWMP has emphasized decentralized waste management systems, involving community-level participation and collaboration with local self-governing institutions.<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Focus on decentralised waste management’: KSWMP’s new guidelines for ULBs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/focus-on-decentralised-waste-management-kswmps-new-guidelines-for-ulbs/article37801953.ece |access-date=22 November 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 December 2023}}</ref> This approach is intended to reduce environmental impact and public health risks by minimizing the accumulation of untreated waste in landfills. The project also integrates awareness campaigns, capacity-building programs for municipal staff, and partnerships with private entities to promote innovative [[waste-to-energy]] solutions.

Iyer’s appointment to the project was announced alongside her designation as Managing Director of the Vizhinjam International Seaport, forming part of a broader administrative restructuring that reassigned several district collectors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Divya S Iyer named Vizhinjam Port MD in latest round of IAS officer reshuffle in Kerala |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/kerala/top-news/2023/10/13/ias-officers-reshuffle-state-govt-divya-iyer-new-vizhinjam-port-md.html |access-date=22 November 2023 |work=[[OnManorama]] |date=13 October 2023}}</ref> Through her dual roles, she is credited with fostering a cross-sectoral approach to sustainable development in Kerala, particularly by aligning large-scale infrastructure projects with environmental stewardship.

==Participation in literary festivals==
Iyer has participated as a speaker at the Kerala Literature Festival (KLF), engaging in discussions on parenting, governance, and cultural transformation. During the 2025 edition, she spoke in sessions addressing changing family dynamics and child development. She also participated in subsequent editions of the festival following Kozhikode’s designation as a UNESCO City of Literature.<ref>{{cite news |title=Speaker|url=https://indiacurrents.com/kerala-literature-festival-2025-a-thumping-success/|access-date=2 April 2021 |work=KLF |date=December 29, 2014}}</ref>

In 2025, she contributed an article titled “Shaping Cinema’s Future” to Kerala Calling, analyzing policy discussions aimed at creating a more inclusive and sustainable film industry, including issues related to gender justice and technological changes in production.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Calling|url=https://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/kc%20august%202025%2002-09%20small.pdf|access-date=2 April 2021 |work=Kerala Calling |date=December 29, 2014}}</ref>

==Public engagement and mentorship==

Iyer has delivered public lectures and mentorship sessions for civil service aspirants, advocating structured preparation methods. In her TEDx talk titled Demystifying Versatility, she argued for versatility as a leadership strength, drawing on her experiences in medicine, administration, and cultural pursuits.<ref>{{cite news |title=How to Do It All? Demystifying Versatility TEDxMACE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zG-KG69UFUI |access-date=2 April 2021 |via=[[YouTube]] |date=December 29, 2014}}</ref>

== Published works ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Books and publications by Divya S. Iyer
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Publisher !! Language !! ISBN !! Ref.
|-
| 2014 || ''Applied Diplomacy – Through the Prism of Mythology'' || Editor || Wisdom Tree || English || 978-8183283816 ||
|-
| 2019 || ''Pathfinder – Civil Services Main Examination'' || Author || DC Books || English || 978-8126442935 ||
|-
| 2021 || ''Ethrayum Priyappettavalkk'' || Translator || DC Books || Malayalam || 978-9354820120 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Release of Feminist Manifesto translation |work=The New Indian Express |date=2021-10-04 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/ |access-date=2026-02-06}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''Kaioppitta Vazhikal'' || Author || DC Books || Malayalam || 978-9354820823 ||
|-
| 2022 || ''The Indian Woman'' || Author || DC Books || English || 978-9354826979 ||
|-
| — || ''The Bane of Party Drugs in India'' || Co-editor || — || English || — ||<ref>{{cite journal |title=Policy Paper on Substance Abuse |journal=Kerala Police Academy Journal |year=2020}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and honors ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Awards and recognition received by Divya S. Iyer
|-
! Year !! Award !! Granting Body !! Basis of Recognition !! Ref.
|-
| 2020 || 50 Most Influential People of Kerala || ''Kerala Insider'' || Leadership during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala|#BreakTheChain]] campaign. ||<ref>{{cite web |title=50 Most Influential People of 2020 in Kerala |url=https://keralainsider.com/50-most-influential-people-of-2020-in-kerala/ |website=Kerala Insider |date=30 December 2020 |access-date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Excellence in Good Governance Award || [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Ministry]] || Outstanding performance as District Collector of [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]. ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Collector Divya S Iyer receives Excellence in Good Governance Award from Amit Shah |url=https://www.twentyfournews.com/2023/01/22/divya-s-iyer-about-excellence-in-governance-award.html |website=24 News |date=22 January 2023 |access-date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Indian Express Excellence in Governance Award || [[The Indian Express]] Group || Implementation of structured disaster risk mitigation and planning. ||<ref>{{cite web |title=19 people awarded with Excellence in Governance Award |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/news/bureaucracy-news/19-people-awarded-with-excellence-in-governance-award/ |website=Indian Masterminds |date=19 January 2023 |access-date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || News18 Kerala Business Awards || [[News18 Kerala]] || Leadership at Vizhinjam Port and contributions to the regional business climate. ||<ref>{{cite web |title=LIVE : News18 Kerala Business Awards 2025 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAjuLDOboGg |website=News18 Kerala (via YouTube) |year=2025 |access-date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || International Inspirational Woman in Administration || GISR Foundation || Versatile administrative leadership across multiple sectors. || <ref>{{cite web |title=Divya S Iyer |url=https://keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakerview/590/divya-s-iyer |website=Kerala Literature Festival |year=2026 |access-date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Precious Daughter of India Award || Government of [[Rajasthan]] || Long-standing commitment to social welfare and public administration. ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Daughters are Precious Awards 2017 By eHealth Network |url=https://ehealth.eletsonline.com/2018/01/daughters-are-precious-awards-2017/ |website=Elets eHealth |date=9 January 2018 |access-date=4 March 2025 }}</ref>
|}

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Film / album / for !! Language !! Ref
|-
|2016
|"Azhakerum Nadinu Chithram"
|''[[Election Commission of India|SVEEP]]''
| Malayalam
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/assistant-collector-sings-to-raise-poll-awareness-english-news-1.989947|author=H Harikrishnan |title=Assistant Collector sings to raise poll awareness|date=26 April 2016|publisher=Mathrubhumi|access-date=27 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413124341/http://english.mathrubhumi.com:80/movies-music/music/assistant-collector-sings-to-raise-poll-awareness-english-news-1.989947 |archive-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|2016
|"Ethirkalam Nam Kayyil"
|''[[Election Commission of India|Election Commission of India - Tamil Nadu]]''
| Tamil
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/kottayam-ias-offcier-dr-divya-iyer-composed-a-song-for-tn-assembly-election/articleshow/52254564.cms|language=ta|author=Anbarashi C|title=என் வாக்கு!! என் எதிர்காலம்: பாடுகிறார் கேரள ஆட்சியர்|publisher=Tamil Samayam|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814050939/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/kottayam-ias-offcier-dr-divya-iyer-composed-a-song-for-tn-assembly-election/articleshow/52254564.cms |archive-date=14 August 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|}

==Personal life==
[[File:Divya S. Iyer and K.S. Sabarinathan.jpg|thumb|Iyer with her husband K. S. Sabarinadhan]]
Divya S. Iyer is married to [[K. S. Sabarinadhan]], a politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) representing the [[Aruvikkara (State Assembly constituency)|Aruvikkara]] constituency for the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Divya S Iyer-KS Sabarinadhan wedding: Kerala’s first MLA-IAS couple |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/divya-s-iyer-ks-sabarinadhan-wedding-keralas-first-mla-ias-couple-64478 |work=[[The News Minute]] |date=2017-06-30}}</ref> The couple married on 30 June 2017 at the Kumarakovil temple in [[Thuckalay]], [[Kanyakumari district]]. This was the first instance of a sitting MLA and a serving IAS officer marrying in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/congress-mla-ks-sabarinadhan-marries-kerala-ias-officer/articleshow/59381651.cms |title=Kerala MLA KS Sabarinathan marries IAS officer|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Jisha Surya |language=en-IN|date=3 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala: Bureaucrat Marries Politician, Media Can't Stop Obsessing |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/kerala-bureaucrat-marries-politician#read-more |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=The Quint |agency=The News Minute |date=May 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sreenivasan |first1=T.P. |title=Divya-Sabari alliance: history made in heaven |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/columns/global-indian/2017/05/09/divya-iyer-sabarinadhan-marriage-bureaucracy-politics-tp-sreenivasan.html |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=OnManorama |date=May 9, 2017}}</ref>

The couple has a son, born in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAS officer Divya S Iyer and Sabarinadhan blessed with a baby boy |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=2019-03-09}}</ref> Iyer has spoken about the challenges of balancing motherhood with high-pressure administrative roles, discussing the importance of a supportive family structure and the need for breaking gendered stereotypes on parenting and professional identity.<ref>{{cite news |title=Power to the Parent: Divya S Iyer on modern child-rearing |work=Mathrubhumi |date=2025-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=An officer and the gentleman: Kerala IAS officer to marry MLA |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/an-officer-and-the-gentleman-kerala-ias-officer-to-marry-mla-4639707/ |access-date=3 August 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=4 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikiquote-inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zG-KG69UFUI Divyas' Ted talk video about her career] (YouTube)

{{Indian civil servants}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iyer, Divya S.}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women civil servants]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers from Kerala]]
[[Category:District magistrate]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]

Talavasal Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:36:08Z

Veirdo: Put Up New Article

{{Short description|Former constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Talavasal
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1951
| district = [[Kallakurichi district|Kallakurichi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rasipuram Lok Sabha constituency|Rasipuram]]
| electors= 182,114
| reservation = None
| abolished= 2008
}}
'''Talavasal''' is a former state assembly constituency in [[Salem district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=17 August 2022 |work=Tamil Nadu |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=2006-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}</ref> It was a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below. An election was not held in the year 1957.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"|'''Madras State'''
|-
| |[[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[A. Sambasivam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| |[[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[A. Doraisamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| |[[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Moo. Marimuthu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"|'''Tamil Nadu'''
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| Moo. Marimuthu
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[S. M. Raju]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[T. Rajambal]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| T. Rajambal
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| S. Gunasekaran
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[K. Kandasamy (Talavasal MLA)|K. Kandasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[K. Rani (politician)|K. Rani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[V. Alagammal]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[K. Chinnadurai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.24}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|57.71}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|73.74}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|33.93}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|64.73}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.40}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|36.33}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.67}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.39}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.84}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.54}}
}}
===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Chinnadurai]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,287 |percentage=45.69% |change=11.42% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Elangovan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,238 |percentage=38.08% |change=-20.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Geetha |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=12,824 |percentage=9.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rajkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,096 |percentage=1.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Paramasivam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,476 |percentage=1.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Saravanan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,309 |percentage=0.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Muthaiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,189 |percentage=0.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Manivannan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,106 |percentage=0.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Rajamani |party=Independent politician |votes=548 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chellamuthu |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=451 |percentage=0.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Poongothai |party=Independent politician |votes=419 |percentage=0.32% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,049 |percentage=7.62% |change=-16.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,31,943 |percentage=72.45% |change= 11.72% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,82,114 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.55% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref name=election2001>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3338-tamil-nadu-2001/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2001 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Alagammal |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,682 |percentage=58.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Pandiyarajan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,825 |percentage=34.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Singaravel |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,176 |percentage=2.73% |change=0.40% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Pandian |party=Independent politician |votes=2,805 |percentage=2.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sujatha |party=Independent politician |votes=1,076 |percentage=0.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kandasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=915 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. P. N. Palaniappan |party=Independent politician |votes=727 |percentage=0.63% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,857 |percentage=23.97% |change=-1.06% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,206 |percentage=60.73% |change= -3.28% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,91,351 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= 0.53% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Rani (politician)|K. Rani]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=63,132 |percentage=57.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kaliaperumal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,750 |percentage=32.68% |change=-41.06% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ravichandran |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=6,147 |percentage=5.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Singaravel |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,550 |percentage=2.33% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Thangavel @ Thangam Ambedkar |party=Independent politician |votes=532 |percentage=0.49% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Jayakumar |party=Independent politician |votes=367 |percentage=0.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Veerababu |party=Independent politician |votes=197 |percentage=0.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. S. Maran |party=Independent politician |votes=160 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Vimaladevi |party=Independent politician |votes=144 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=F. Amaladoss @ Kumaran |party=Independent politician |votes=96 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Vaiyapuri |party=Independent politician |votes=90 |percentage=0.08% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,382 |percentage=25.03% |change=-28.08% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,09,395 |percentage=64.02% |change= 2.50% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,76,313 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -16.03% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=74,204 |percentage=73.74% |change=48.96% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Gunasekaran |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,757 |percentage=20.63% |change=-13.30% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. C. Rajendran |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=4,801 |percentage=4.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kandasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=474 |percentage=0.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Sankar |party=Republican Party of India |votes=397 |percentage=0.39% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=53,447 |percentage=53.11% |change=46.73% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,00,633 |percentage=61.52% |change= -3.51% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,69,151 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 39.81% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. Gunasekaran |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,309 |percentage=33.93% |change=3.10% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Rajambal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,230 |percentage=27.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,596 |percentage=24.78% |change=-39.95% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Venkatachalam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,855 |percentage=11.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rajathi |party=Independent politician |votes=685 |percentage=0.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kandasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=447 |percentage=0.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. C. Rajendiran |party=Independent politician |votes=351 |percentage=0.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Muthulingam |party=Independent politician |votes=288 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sadeyan |party=Independent politician |votes=206 |percentage=0.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Moo. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=155 |percentage=0.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Maruthamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=107 |percentage=0.11% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,079 |percentage=6.38% |change=-27.52% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=95,229 |percentage=65.03% |change= -2.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,50,564 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -30.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref name=election1984>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3331-tamil-nadu-1984/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 1984 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Rajambal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,104 |percentage=64.73% |change=12.33% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ravichandar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,291 |percentage=30.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kandasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,479 |percentage=1.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kullandi |party=Independent politician |votes=836 |percentage=1.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=803 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kalia Perumal |party=Independent politician |votes=278 |percentage=0.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Thangemuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=246 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,813 |percentage=33.90% |change=29.11% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,037 |percentage=67.39% |change= 11.00% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,28,351 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 12.33% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Rajambal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,217 |percentage=52.40% |change=24.42% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Devarajan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,718 |percentage=47.60% |change=11.27% }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,499 |percentage=4.80% |change=-3.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,935 |percentage=56.39% |change= 4.51% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,31,995 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 16.07% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. M. Raju |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,681 |percentage=36.33% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kaliyaperumal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,004 |percentage=27.97% |change=-15.89% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Thangavelu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=13,603 |percentage=20.02% |change=-28.65% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Veermani |party=Janata Party |votes=10,645 |percentage=15.67% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,677 |percentage=8.36% |change=3.55% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,933 |percentage=51.88% |change= -14.27% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,33,495 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.34% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Moo. Marimuthu]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,195 |percentage=48.67% |change=-6.72% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Er. Sappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,013 |percentage=43.86% |change=3.18% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. Palamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,289 |percentage=6.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Shanmugan |party=Independent politician |votes=648 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,182 |percentage=4.81% |change=-9.90% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,145 |percentage=66.16% |change= -3.82% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,04,113 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -6.72% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Moo. Marimuthu]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,289 |percentage=55.39% |change=18.85% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Doraisamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,448 |percentage=40.68% |change=-6.16% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Muthusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,687 |percentage=2.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Vajjiravel |party=Independent politician |votes=353 |percentage=0.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Arumugam |party=Independent politician |votes=324 |percentage=0.54% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,841 |percentage=14.71% |change=4.41% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,101 |percentage=69.97% |change= 6.99% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,072 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 8.55% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Doraiswamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,286 |percentage=46.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Thangavel |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=17,386 |percentage=36.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Irusappan |party=Tamil National Party |votes=6,402 |percentage=13.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Arumugham |party=Swatantra Party |votes=1,507 |percentage=3.17% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,900 |percentage=10.30% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,581 |percentage=62.98% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,445 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Talavasal<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Sambasivam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,738 |percentage=39.54% |change=39.54% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Gopala Chetty |party=Independent politician |votes=11,522 |percentage=30.92% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ugravel |party=Independent politician |votes=7,458 |percentage=20.01% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periasamy Moopan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,551 |percentage=9.53% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,216 |percentage=8.63% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,269 |percentage=49.72% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,952 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|accessdate= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archivedate= 5 October 2010}}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|11.59|78.76|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Salem district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Mahammad Hannan

2026-04-06T20:05:05Z

Veirdo: started new article

{{Short description|West Bengal politician}}
{{for multi|the Bangladeshi film director|Mohammad Hannan|the Malaysian squash player|Muhammad Hannan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mahammad Hannan
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1996
| term_end = 2001
| predecessor = [[Sashanka Mondal]]
| successor = [[Asish Banerjee]]
| constituency = [[Rampurhat Assembly constituency|Rampurhat]]
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1958}}
| birth_place = [[Rampurhat I|Kalisara]], [[Birbhum district]], [[West Bengal]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| party = [[All India Forward Bloc]]
| alma_mater =
| relatives =
| education =
}}
'''Mahammad Hannan''' was an Indian social worker and politician belonging to the [[All India Forward Bloc]]. He served as a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

==Early life and family==
Hannan was born in 1958 to a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[Muslim]] family in the village of [[Rampurhat I|Kalisara]] in [[Birbhum district]] of the [[West Bengal]]. He was the son of Mahammad Mahasin.<ref>{{cite web|website=My Neta|title=Md Hannan (AIFB)|access-date=3 July 2023|url=https://myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=425&scan=original}}</ref>

==Career==
Hannan contested in the [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he ran as an [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]] candidate for [[Rampurhat Assembly constituency]], defeating the [[Hindutva]]-oriented [[BJP]] politician Satyen Das.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1996/rampurhat/|title=Rampurhat, 1996|website=Latestly|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref> He contested in the [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/2001/rampurhat/|title=Rampurhat, 2001|website=Latestly|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref> Hannan contested in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/2016/rampurhat/|title=Rampurhat, 2016|website=Latestly|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hannan, Mahammad}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:People from Birbhum district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:All India Forward Bloc politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{WestBengal-politician-stub}}

Akbar Allahabadi

2026-03-30T22:51:56Z

Veirdo: new...

{{Short description|Indian poet (1846–1921)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Akbar Allahabadi
| image = Akbar Allahabadi.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Akbar Allahabadi
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Syed Akbar Hussain<ref name=urdupoetry/>
| birth_date = {{birth date|1846|11|16|df=y}}<ref name=urdupoetry>{{cite web|url=http://www.urdupoetry.com/akbar.html|date=22 November 2001 |title= Akbar Allahabadi|website=urdupoetry.com|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bara, Allahabad|Bara]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[Company rule in India|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1921|9|9|1846|11|16|df=y}}<ref name=urdupoetry/>
| death_place = [[Allahabad]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| occupation = [[Judge]]
| nationality = [[British Raj|British Indian]]
| period =
| genre = [[Ghazal]], [[Masnavi]], Qita, [[Rubaʿi]] Nazam
| subject = Love, philosophy, religion, social reform, satire, British rule
| movement =
| signature =
| website =
| native_name = اکبر الہ آبادی
}}
'''Syed Akbar Hussain''' (16 November, 1846–9 September, 1921), popularly known as '''Akbar Allahabadi''' was an Indian poet, regarded as one of the greatest [[satire|satirist]]s in [[Urdu literature]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nationalism, democracy and development : state and politics in India|editor=Bose, Sugata|editor2=Jalal, Ayesha|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0195644425|oclc=38764810}}</ref> The most popular of Akbar's verse poked fun at the cultural dilemma posed by the onslaught of [[Western culture]]. His ire was mostly directed towards the natives he considered to be outlandishly pseudo-western. In the Indian community he became known as 'Lisanu'l-Asr' ({{lit|Poet of the age}}).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Dihalvi |first=Muhammad Rahim |title=Hazrat-i-Akbar ke Shab-o-Roz |pages=36}}</ref>

==Life and career==

=== Early life ===
Akbar Allahabadi was born in the town of [[Bara, Allahabad|Bara]], in the district of [[Allahabad]], to a family of [[Sayyid]]s who originally came to [[India]] from [[Persia]] as soldiers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Akbar Allahabadi|last=Allahabadi|first=Talib|location=Allahabad|pages=17–394}}</ref> His grandfather, Sayyid Fazl-i-Mohmmad, had [[Shia]] leanings but his three sons, Wasil 'Ali, Waris 'Ali and Tafazzul Husain were all [[Sunni]]s. Akbar's father, Moulvi Tafazzul Hussain served as a [[Naib Tehsildar]] to his brother Waris 'Ali, who was the Tehsildar, and his mother belonged to a [[zamindar]] family of [[Jagdishpur]] village from the [[Gaya district]] in [[Bihar]].<ref name=":0" />

Akbar received his early education in Arabic, Persian and Mathematics from his father at home. In 1855, his mother moved to [[Allahabad]] and settled in Mohalla Chowk. Akbar was admitted to the Jamuna Mission School for an English education in 1856, but he abandoned his school education in 1859. However, he continued to study English and read widely.<ref name=":0" />

=== Career ===
On leaving school, Akbar joined the Railway Engineering Department as a clerk. While in service, he passed the exam qualifying him as a [[barrister]] and subsequently worked as a [[tehsildar]] and a munsif, and ultimately, as a [[Sessions Court|sessions court]] [[judge]]. To commemorate his work in judicial services, he was bestowed with the title, Khan Bahadur.<ref name=":0" />

=== Marriage ===
Akbar's first marriage was at the age of 15 and arranged by his parents. His wife's name was Khadija Khatun, who was four years older than him. This was not a successful marriage and Akbar took no pleasure in it despite having two sons with Khadija named Nazir Husain and Abid Husain. After divorcing their mother, Akbar did not pay attention to his sons and they had to make do with a sum of forty rupees a month, which he gave as alimony. Both of these sons due to lack of support from their father, did not fare well in life and not much is known about them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Badayuni |first=Qamru'd-Din Ahmad |title=Bazm-i-Akbar |publisher=Anjuman-i-Taraqqi-i-Urdu, Delhi |year=1944 |edition=23-24}}</ref>

His second marriage to Fatima Sughra (died 1910) was more successful and brought him happiness. Together they had two sons, Ishrat Husain and Hashim Husain. Ishrat was sent to England for 3 years to become a lawyer but did not return even after 6 years. He obtained his [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Cambridge University]] with difficulty and never sat for the bar examinations. Instead he fancied himself a person of the arts and applied to be a playwright and an actor without any success. He attributed this to the prejudice against Indians in England of that time. He became too Anglicised in his ways of thinking and living for Akbar's liking. Later in life, Ishrat became a collector.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaghatai |first=Mohammad Ikram |title=Dr. Daud Rahbar - His English Writings |publisher=Pakistan Writers Cooperative Society |year=2015}}</ref>

The younger son Hashim pleased his father and stayed with him until his death in 1921.

=== Death ===
Akbar retired in 1905 and lived on in [[Allahabad]]. He died of a fever on September 9, 1921 and was buried in Himmatganj locality of [[Allahabad]].<ref name=":0" />

==Legacy==
"Hungama Hai Kyon Barpa" is a popular ghazal, written by Akbar Allahabadi and most prominently sung by [[Ghulam Ali (singer)|Ghulam Ali]]. Verses from his poetry also found their way into the famous qawwali “Tum ik Gorakh Dhanda Ho” by [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]]. A number of Akbar Allahabadi's poems were used in the 2015 Hindi film [[Masaan]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lakhani |first1=Somya |title=Secret Love: How Hindi poetry has become 'cool' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/secret-love-hindi-kavita-youtube-channel-hindi-literature-3024758/ |access-date=17 April 2019 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=11 September 2016}}</ref> Explaining this as a conscious tribute, the film's lyrics writer [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]] explained that he wanted to show one of the female leads Shaalu (played by Shweta Tripathi) as a person whose hobby is to read Hindi poetry and [[Urdu poetry|Shayri]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hindi Kavita - Kuch ban jaate hain - Uday Prakash: Varun Grover in Hindi Studio with Manish Gupta |publisher=Hindi Kavita |date=25 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pal |first1=Sanchari |title=Meet the NRI Who Returned To India To Make Millions Fall in Love with Hindi Poetry |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/68222/manish-gupta-youtube-hindi-poetry/ |website=www.thebetterindia.com |date=14 September 2016 |publisher=The Better India |access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grover |first1=Varun |title=How the magic of Dushyant Kumar's poetry inspired this Bollywood lyricist |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/how-the-magic-of-dushyant-kumars-poetry-inspired-this-bollywood-lyricist/ |access-date=17 April 2019 |publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80 Akbar Allahabadi at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603001003/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80 |date=3 June 2012 }} '''(Hindi)'''
*[http://www.urdupoetry.com/akbar.html A few of Akbar Allahabadi's ghazals]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allahabadi, Akbar}}
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Writers from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:1846 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:20th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language religious writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language letter writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language theologians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Bellampalle

2026-03-28T05:05:16Z

Veirdo: add section additionally and added references as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bellampalli
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana
| coordinates = {{coord|19|4|32|N|79|29|17|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[mancherial district|Mancherial]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = Bellampalli Municipality
| leader_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| leader_title = Municipal Chairman
| leader_name = Dava Swathi Ramesh Babu<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2026-02-16 |title=Congress wins five municipalities; Independents clinch two, BRS captures one in erstwhile Adilabad |url=https://telanganatoday.com/congress-wins-five-municipalities-independents-clinch-two-brs-captures-one-in-erstwhile-adilabad |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = Vice-chairman
| leader_name1 = Ragamshetti Satyanaarayana<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2026-02-16 |title=Congress wins five municipalities; Independents clinch two, BRS captures one in erstwhile Adilabad |url=https://telanganatoday.com/congress-wins-five-municipalities-independents-clinch-two-brs-captures-one-in-erstwhile-adilabad |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>(INC)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="civicbody">{{cite web|title=Urban Local Body Information|url=http://www.dtcp.telangana.gov.in/ULBs-List-68.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Telangana|access-date=28 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615135503/http://dtcp.telangana.gov.in/ULBs-List-68.pdf|archive-date=15 June 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 35.06
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 66,789
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Adilabad|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2801_PART_B_DCHB_ADILABAD.pdf|website=Census of India|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner|access-date=13 May 2016|pages=13,214|format=PDF}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = [[list of cities in Telangana by population|34th(Telangana)]]
| population_demonym = bellampallian
| postal_code = 504 xxx
| registration_plate = TG 19
| website = Bellampalli Municipality - Shri.R Bhujanga Rao, Municipal commissioner
| footnotes =
| timezone = [[India Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5.30
| leader_name2 = Sri. A Krishna Lal
| leader_title2 = Municipal Commissioner
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituency]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = peddapalli
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[List of Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh|Assembly constituency]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = Bellampalli
}}

'''Bellampalli''' is a town in [[Mancherial district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is a municipality and mandal headquarters of Bellampalli [[mandal]] of Bellampalli [[revenue division]].<ref name="census" />

== Spellings ==
Alternative spellings are '''Bellampalle''' and '''Bellampally'''.

== History ==
Bellampalli is noted for its [[coal mine]]s belonging to [[Singareni Collieries Company]] Limited.So Goleti is named as bellampally area .Bellampalli has in past the most [[coal mines]] and opencast mines in the state of [[Telangana]]. The first coal mine was established in 1936 by the British government. Later, the town developed very rapidly with the discovery and excavation of many more coal mines. The coal production from the SCCL is catering to the needs of the [[National Thermal Power Corporation]], [[Ramagundam]] and many surrounding industrial buildings such as cement plants in Devapur, steel factory in [[Visakhapatnam]] and power plants in [[Maharashtra]]<ref name="Statistics1987">{{cite book|author=TelanganaPradesh (India). Bureau of Economics and Statistics|title=Statistical abstract of Andhra Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ko_AAAAMAAJ|access-date=22 March 2012|year=1987|publisher=Bureau of Economics and Statistics}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1941|6294|1951|15874|1961|29101|1971|30290|1981|44721|1991|66780|2001|66792|2011|55841|source=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://data.gov.in/node/551261/download |title=Page Redirection|website=data.gov.in |date=21 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Census tables {{!}} Government of India | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables | access-date=2024-12-29 | website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>}}
According to the 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Bellampalli had a population of 66,660. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Bellampalli has a literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 60%, with 57% of the males and 43% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Government and politics ==

=== Civic administration ===

Bellampalle Municipality was constituted in 1987 and is classified as a ''second grade municipality'' with 32 election wards. The jurisdiction of the civic body is spread over an area of {{convert|35.06|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="civicbody" />

=== Politics ===
{{See also|Bellampalli (Assembly constituency)}}
Bellampalli has been a traditional stronghold and birthplace of the CPI, also known as the Communist Party of India.
CPI leader Gunda Mallesh won the MLA seat for Bellampally in the 2009 elections. Gunda Mallesh is a senior politician from Bellampally and the CPI. The former MLA's of this of constituency are Amurajula Sreedevi and Pati Subadra. Bellampalli assembly constituency comes under Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency. Gaddam Vamshi krishna is present MP.

;MLA's of Bellampalli
* Sridevi (TDP)-2004
* Gunda Mallesh (CPI) -2009
* Durgam Chinnaiah (TRS) -2014
* Durgam Chinnaiah (TRS) -2018
* Gaddam Vinod (Congress) - 2023

== Administravtive Division ==
There are 13 Villages under Bellampalli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.districtsinfo.com/2016/11/mancherial-district-revenue-divisions.html|title=Schedule - II Reorganization Of Mandals In Mancherial District|website=www.districtsinfo.com|access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Sl.No.
! Name of the Mandal
! Villages in the Mandal
! Name of the Erstwhile Mandals from which the present Mandal is formed
|-
|1
| rowspan="13" | Bellampalli
|Bellampalle
| rowspan="13" | Bellampalli
|-
|2
|Ankusam
|-
|3
|Kannal (R)
|-
|4
|Chakepalle
|-
|5
|Budha Khurd (R)
|-
|6
|Budha Kalan (R)
|-
|7
|Chandravelli
|-
|8
|Rangapet
|-
|9
|Dugnepalle
|-
|10
|Gurjal (R) @ Talla Gurjal
|-
|11
|Akenipalle
|-
|12
|Batwanpalle
|-
|13
|[[Perkapally|Perkapalle]]
|}

== Economy ==
Coal production has been very important to the economic history of Bellampalli and it is thus known as an industrial town.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} However, the average income of Rs. 5000/- per capita according to 1989 figures mean that the average person is living in poverty.<ref name="RaoAziz1989">{{cite book|last1=Rao|first1=Vidyananda Mohan|last2=Aziz|first2=Abdul|last3=Rao|first3=Vijendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja|title=Poverty alleviation in India: programmes and action|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBkdAAAAIAAJ|access-date=22 March 2012|year=1989|publisher=Ashish Pub. House|isbn=978-81-7024-255-0|pages=42–3}}</ref>

== Transport ==

Bellampalli is well connected by road and train.

NH 363 A new National Highway is being constructed from Mancherial to chandrapur passes through Bellampalli

[[Bellampally railway station]] (BPA) is an early-established railway stations in [[Telangana]] region and it lies in [[Nagpur–Hyderabad line]]. The railway station code is BPA.

Bellampalli comes under south central railway and its 273 km distance towards North (Delhi route) from Hyderabad (Capital of the state).

[[File:Bellampally rly stn.jpg|thumb|Bellampally railway station]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Mancherial district}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Mancherial district ]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Mancherial district]]

Poecilotheria

2026-03-27T10:58:49Z

Veirdo: stub

{{Short description|Genus of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Poecilotheria
| image = Poecilotheria_formosa01.jpg
| image_caption = ''Poecilotheria formosa''
| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1885<ref name=WSC_g3413 />
| type_species = ''[[Poecilotheria fasciata|Mygale fasciata]]''
| type_species_authority = ([[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1804)<ref name=WSC_g3413/>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 16, [[#Species|see text]]
}}
'''''Poecilotheria''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Theraphosidae|tarantulas]] native to India and Sri Lanka. It was first described by [[Eugène Simon|Eugène Louis Simon]] in 1885.<ref name=Simo1885>{{cite journal| last=Simon| first=E.| year=1885| title=Matériaux pour servir à la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie méridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis à Wagra-Karoor près Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis à Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbé Fabre| journal=Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France| pages=1–39| volume=10| author-link=Eugène Simon}}</ref> They are arboreal tarantulas, commonly known as '''ornamental tarantulas''',{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} known for their vivid color patterns, fast movement, and potent venom compared to other tarantulas. {{As of|2019}} all species are protected under [[CITES]].

The genus name is a combination of the [[Ancient Greek]] "[[wikt:ποικίλος#Ancient Greek|poikilos]]" ({{lang|grc|ποικίλος}}), meaning "spotted", and [[wikt:θηρίον|therion]]" ({{lang|grc|θηρίον}}), meaning "wild beast".

==Taxonomy==
The species belonging to ''Poecilotheria'' were first documented in 1734 by Dutch zoologist [[Albertus Seba]], when he went to [[Sri Lanka]]. He published the new spiders he saw in his illustrations of the book ''Albertus Seba's Thesaurus'' under the name of ''Aranea maxima ceilonica'' (meaning ''big spider from Sri Lanka''). However, the most precise scientific explanation came in 1804 when [[Pierre André Latreille]] described the spider as ''Mygale fasciata''.<ref name=poecilotheria/><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257360250 | title=Study of the distribution of the genus ''Poecilotheria'' in Sri Lanka |journal=Ceylon Journal of Science |volume=34 |pages=75–86 |access-date=13 March 2016 |last1=Samarawickrama |first1=V.A.M.P.K. |last2=Jayananda |first2=M.D.B.G. |last3=Ranawana |first3=K.B. |last4=Smith |first4=Andrew |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>

After about 40 years delay, in 1850, C.L. Koch revised the generic name ''Mygale'' in to ''Scurria'' and species as ''Scurria fasciata''. In 1885, [[Eugène Simon]] proposed the generic name ''Poecilotheria'' instead of ''Scurria'' due to species description errors with a mollusk.<ref name=poecilotheria />

There is a debate about the taxonomy of a few species. Some sources identify ''Poecilotheria vittata'' of Sri Lanka as a synonym of ''Poecilotheria striata'' of India,{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} but in other sources both of them have been given valid species identity.<ref name=WSC_g3413/> The naming of ''Poecilotheria bara'' from Sri Lanka is also in debate – whether it is the same species as ''Poecilotheria subfusca'', found in south central parts of Sri Lanka. In 2014, Ranil P. Nanayakkara, a Sri Lanka arachnologist, regarded ''P. vittata'', ''P. striata'', ''P. bara'', and ''P. subfusca'' as distinct species.<ref name=poecilotheria/>

===Species===
{{As of|2025|November}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following species, seven from India, six from Sri Lanka and two from both countries.<ref name=WSC_g3413/>

====India====
*''[[Poecilotheria formosa]]'' Pocock, 1899 — Salem ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria metallica]]'' Pocock, 1899 — Gooty sapphire ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria miranda]]'' Pocock, 1900 — Bengal spotted ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria regalis]]'' Pocock, 1899 — Indian Ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria rufilata]]'' Pocock, 1899 — red slate ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria striata]]'' Pocock, 1895 — Mysore ornamental, Pedersen's ghost ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli]]'' Smith, 2006 — Wessel's tiger ornamental

====Sri Lanka====
{{main|List of tarantulas of Sri Lanka}}
*''[[Poecilotheria fasciata]]'' (Latreille, 1804) ([[type species]]) — Sri Lankan ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria ornata]]'' Pocock, 1899 — fringed ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria rajaei]]'' Nanayakkara, et al., 2012 — Mankulam pink banded ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria smithi]]'' Kirk, 1996 — yellow backed ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria subfusca]]'' Pocock, 1895 — ivory ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria srilankensis]]'' Nanayakkara, et al., 2020

====Both countries====
*''[[Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica]]'' Smith, 2004 — Rameshwaram ornamental
*''[[Poecilotheria vittata]]'' Pocock, 1895 — Magam ornamental

====Junior synonyms====
The following species were once considered to be species, but are now considered synonyms of other species by the World Spider Catalog and other sources {{As of|2025|November|lc=yes}}:<ref name=WSC_g3413/>
*''Poecilotheria amarasekarai'' = ''P. rajaei'';<ref name=poecilotheria/> regarded as distinct by other sources<ref name=PereBurtAmarWatt12/>
*''Poecilotheria bara'' Chamberlin, 1917 = ''P. subfusca''; regarded as distinct by other sources<ref name=poecilotheria/>
*''Poecilotheria chaojii'' Mirza, Sanap & Bhosale, 2014 = Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli
*''Poecilotheria gadgili'' Tikader, 1977 = ''P. regalis''
*''Poecilotheria nallamalaiensis'' Rao et al., 2006 = ''P. formosa''
*''Poecilotheria pederseni'' Kirk, 2001 = ''P. vittata''
*''Poecilotheria pococki'' Charpentier, 1996 = ''P. smithi''
*''Poecilotheria uniformis'' Strand, 1913 = ''P. subfusca''

==Biology==
Species of ''Poecilotheria'' are easily distinguishable from other species of family [[Theraphosidae]] due to the flattened [[Spider anatomy|carapace]], [[Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart)|maxilla]] with spines, and black teeth like tubercles. Their legs lack spines and the [[Scopulae|scopula]] of the legs are clearly seen. There are unique color patterns on the ventral surface, especially on the legs. The dorsal surface of the [[Opisthosoma|abdomen]] has several variegated stripes and spots of black and white. The first and fourth pair of legs are colored with striking yellow and black patterns, a feature used especially to identify up to species level.<ref name=poecilotheria />

Males and females show [[sexual dimorphism]], which enables easy recognition. Mature males are easily recognizable by highly sclerotized sperm storage pouches called [[palpal bulb]]s. Palpal bulbs are used to inject sperm in to female's genitalia. Males are smaller than females and also more slenderly built. In males, the first pair and fourth pair of legs are of the same length, but in females, the first pair of legs are longer than the fourth pair. Males are usually more dull colored with cryptic markings and are inconspicuous. However, the folium marking on the opisthosoma is darker than that of females.<ref name=poecilotheria />

==Ecology==
Ornamental tarantulas are nocturnal and crepuscular hunters. They come out to forage in dusk and dawn. Unlike many other spiders, they do not use a [[cobweb]] to catch prey. Instead, they are ambush predators, where they sit and wait until the prey comes closer or passes by, then follow the prey with exceptional speed, catch it, and inject venom to immobilize it.<ref name=poecilotheria /><ref name=PereBurtAmarWatt12/>

Once the prey is secured, they roll the prey in silk and start to feed. The most common prey of tiger spiders are insects, larvae, small birds, and small mammals (e.g. bats, mice).<ref name=poecilotheria /><ref name=PoecBat />

Several species of ''Poecilotheria'' are classed as "endangered" or "critically endangered", with the main threats being habitat loss and for at least one species, ''P. metallica'', collection and smuggling for the pet trade.<ref>{{cite web |title=Search for ''Poecilotheria'' |website=IUCN Red List 3.1 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=113940 |access-date=12 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name="MoluDaniSili08">{{Citation |last1=Molur |first1=S. |title=''Poecilotheria metallica'' |date=2008 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/63563/12681959 |website=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T63563A12681959.en |name-list-style=amp |last2=Daniel |first2=B.A. |last3=Siliwal |first3=M.|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Conservation==
As of 2019, all species of ''Poecilotheria'' are listed on [[CITES]] Appendix II. This means that specimens cannot be legally traded (internationally) without CITES export permits from the country of export (or CITES re-export permits if the specimens had been previously imported from another country).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cites.org/eng/updates_decisions_cop18_species_proposals|title= Updates on decisions made on proposals to amend Appendices I and II at CoP18: Decisions made on proposals to amend Appendices I and II|website=CITES|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref>

== Photos ==
<gallery>
File:PoecilotheriaBara5L.jpg|''Poecilotheria subfusca''.
File:Poecilotheria metallica.jpg|''Poecilotheria metallica''
File:P regalis.JPG|''Poecilotheria regalis''
File:Poecilotheria rufilata 8LA2.jpg|''Poecilotheria rufilata''

File:Poecilotheria rajaei.JPG|''Poecilotheria rajaei''
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=PereBurtAmarWatt12>{{Cite journal |last1=Perera |first1=Palinda |last2=Burt |first2=Peter |last3=Amarasekera |first3=H.S. |last4=Wattavidanage |first4=Jayantha |date=2012 |title=Distribution, ecology and morphology of a newly discovered ''Poecilotheria'' species of Sri Lanka (Araneae - Theraphosidae) |journal=Proceedings of 17th International Forestry and Environment Symposium |volume=17 |page=13 |url=https://journals.sjp.ac.lk/index.php/fesympo/article/view/662 |access-date=2016-02-26 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>

<ref name=poecilotheria>{{cite book |last=Nanayakkara |first=Ranil P. |year=2014 |title= Tiger Spiders ''Poecilotheria'' of Sri Lanka |publisher=Biodiversity Secretariat, Ministry of Environmental & Renewable Energy |location= Colombo |pages= 167 |isbn= 978-955-0033-58-4 }}</ref>

<ref name=WSC_g3413>{{cite web |title=Gen. ''Poecilotheria'' Simon, 1885 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3413 |access-date=2025-11-13 }}</ref>

<ref name="PoecBat">{{cite journal |last1=DAS |first1=KARUMAMPOYIL SAKTHIDAS ANOOP |title=Predation on the Kelaart's Pipistrelle Bat, Pipistrellus ceylonicus Kelaart (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), by the Reddish Parachute Tarantula, Poecilotheria rufilata Pocock (Araneae: Theraphosidae), in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India |journal=Tropical Natural History |date=October 2012 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=257–260 |doi=10.58837/tnh.12.2.103044 |url=https://www.thaiscience.info/Journals/Article/TNAH/10899556.pdf}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Poecilotheria}}
* [http://www.spidy.goliathus.com/english/tarantula.php?species=Poecilotheria ''Poecilotheria'' pictures]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q135053}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Poecilotheria| ]]
[[Category:Spiders of Asia]]
[[Category:Theraphosidae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Eugène Simon]]

Altaf Khanani

2026-03-27T09:36:36Z

Veirdo: add references to improve readability and improved wording to improve readability

{{short description|Pakistani convicted in the U.S. of money laundering}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Altaf Khanani
| native_name = {{nastaliq|الطاف خانانی}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1961|5|2}}<ref name="abc.net.au">{{cite news|last=Besser |first= Linton |date=5 February 2018|title=Catching the money man |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-05/the-billion-dollar-bust/9383890 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205230736/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-05/the-billion-dollar-bust/9383890 |archive-date=5 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| occupation = Money launderer and criminal
| relatives =
| children = 5
| criminal_charges =
| criminal_penalty = 68 months in prison
| criminal_status = Released
}}

'''Altaf Sattar Khanani'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Altaf Sattar Khanani |url=https://opencorporates.com/officers/38493386 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website= |publisher=[[Companies House|UK Companies House]] |via=[[Open Corporates]]}}</ref> ({{langx|ur|{{nastaliq|الطاف خانانی}}|Alt̤āf Xānānī}}; born 2 May 1961) is a Pakistani money launderer who as the founder of the foreign exchange [[Khanani & Kalia International]] was involved in moving money for terrorist groups and criminal gangs.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How Australia trapped Altaf Khanani |newspaper=[[The News International]] |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/277826-how-australia-trapped-khanani |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903114957/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/277826-how-australia-trapped-khanani |archive-date=3 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> After serving three years in a US prison he was released in July 2020.<ref>[https://www.bop.gov/mobile/find_inmate/index.jsp#inmate_results (B.O.P. Register Number: 06369-104)]</ref>

==Early life and family==
He was born in 1961 to a [[Memon people|Memon family]] who were originally from [[Gujarat]], India before migrating to Pakistan after independence.<ref name="abc.net.au"/> His father Abdul Sattar Khanani was a street dealer and businessman.<ref name="abc.net.au"/> He was the twin brother of Javed Khanani and with him was involved in money laundering through [[Khanani and Kalia Int.|Khanani and Kalia International]].<ref name="abc.net.au"/> His brother reportedly committed suicide in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1300463|title=Javed Khanani dies after falling from building in Karachi, say police|first=Imtiaz|last=Ali|date=4 December 2016|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214165421/http://www.dawn.com/news/1300463 |archive-date=14 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Money laundering==
Khanani's money laundering organisation was involved in the illicit international movement of money between, among others, Pakistan, the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], and [[Australia]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Khanani group launders billions of dollars: US report|first=Anwar |last=Iqbal |date=4 March 2017 |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1318333 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304052357/https://www.dawn.com/news/1318333 |archive-date=4 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Among the methods used was the traditional [[hawala]] system. The organization moved money for [[Drug cartel|drug cartels]], [[Outlaw motorcycle club|biker gangs]], [[Hezbollah]], [[al-Qaeda]] and the armed terrorists behind the Mumbai attacks of [[1993 Bombay bombings|1993]] and [[2008 Mumbai attacks|2008]].<ref name="Schliebs">{{cite news|last=Schliebs |first=Mark |date=13 November 2016 |title=Money launderer Khanani's deal wipes out 273 years of jail time |newspaper=[[The Australian]] |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/foreign-affairs/money-launderer-khananis-deal-wipes-out-273-years-of-jail-time/news-story/5aeb30a5bdcb82d1491eb7322570864b |access-date=5 September 2018 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Al-J-101">{{Cite news|title=The Billion Dollar Criminal |date=4 October 2018 |newspaper=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2018/10/billion-dollar-criminal-181004053619015.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004154849/https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2018/10/billion-dollar-criminal-181004053619015.html |archive-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Arrest==
Khanani was arrested in September 2016 in [[Panama]] by the [[US Drug Enforcement Administration]],<ref name="Schliebs" /> and transported to jail in the United States.<ref name="auto" /> He was indicted in the [[US District Court]] of the Southern District of Florida on fourteen counts of money laundering in June 2015.<ref name="auto" /> In a plea bargain, Khanani pleaded guilty to a single count of conspiracy to commit laundering. His sentence included 68 months in prison, a $250,000 fine,<ref name="Husain">{{Cite news|title=Khanani gets 68 months in US prison|first=Khurram |last=Husain |date=4 April 2017 |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1324717 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404034406/https://www.dawn.com/news/1324717 |archive-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schliebs" /> blacklisting by the United States along with his son Obaid Khanani and nephew Hozaifa Khanani,<ref name="auto" /> and his money laundering network has been designated as a Transnational Criminal Organization under the [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|SDN]] by the [[United States Department of the Treasury]]'s [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]]. Its addresses included Australia, Canada, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALTAF KHANANI MONEY LAUNDERING ORGANIZATION |url=https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=18247 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov}}</ref> Khanani was released from prison on July 13, 2020.<ref>[https://www.bop.gov/mobile/find_inmate/index.jsp#inmate_results (B.O.P. Register Number: 06369-104)]</ref>

==In popular culture==
He is portrayed by Mushtaq Naika in the 2025 Indian [[Spy film|spy]] [[Action film|action thriller]] ''[[Dhurandhar]],'' which is based on the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] along with the [[IC 814: The Kandahar Hijack]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=[[Dhurandhar]] |last=Dhar |first=Aditya |author-link=Aditya Dhar |type=Motion picture |language=hi |publisher=[[Jio Studios]], [[B62 Studios]] |year=2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pakistan Forex scam case]], involving money laundering by the Khanani brothers and Khanani & Kalia International

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{2008 Mumbai attacks}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanani, Altaf}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Pakistani fraudsters]]
[[Category:Pakistani people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Florida]]
[[Category:Pakistani people convicted of money laundering]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Gujarati descent]]
[[Category:Memon people]]
[[Category:Organised crime in Australia]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Drug dealers]]
[[Category:People from Karachi]]
[[Category:Pakistani twins]]
[[Category:1993 Bombay bombings]]
[[Category:Participants in the 2008 Mumbai attacks]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]

{{Pakistan-bio-stub}}
[[Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]]

Siddharth Desai (kabaddi)

2026-03-25T18:20:35Z

Veirdo: Put Up A Info

{{short description|Indian kabaddi player|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Siddharth Desai
| fullname = Siddharth Sirish Desai
| nickname = Bahubali
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Kabaddi]] player
| years_active =
| employer =
| agent =
| height = 6 feet 4 inches
| weight =
| spouse =
| life_partner =
| other_interests =
| website =
| country = India
| sport = [[Kabaddi]]
| event =
| league = [[Pro Kabaddi League]]
| club = [[U Mumba]] (2018) [[Telugu Titans]] (2019–2022) [[Haryana Steelers]] (2023)
}}

'''Siddharth Sirish Desai''' (born 5 December 1991) is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player, who currently represents VIVO Pro Kabaddi franchise [[Haryana Steelers]] .<ref name="Player profile">{{cite web |title=Sportskeeda profile |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/siddharth-desai |website=Sportskeeda |publisher=Sportskeeda |accessdate=24 June 2019 |ref=1}}</ref> He had previously represented Air India and Maharashtra before making his Pro Kabaddi debut in Season 6 with [[U Mumba]].<ref name="Siddarth Desai">{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Debdatta |title=Meet Siddharth Desai: The PKL sensation who hits the right notes on and off the mat |url=https://www.espn.in/kabaddi/story/_/id/25022047/u-mumba-siddharth-desai-hits-right-notes-pro-kabaddi-league-season-6 |website=ESPN |date=19 October 2018 |publisher=ESPN |accessdate=24 June 2019 |ref=2}}</ref> Desai emerged as the highest-priced player during the Season 7 auction, as [[Telugu Titans]] secured his services with a bid of ₹1.45 Crore.<ref name="Costliest player">{{cite web |last1=Jagannatha |first1=Nesara V |title= Pro Kabaddi 2019: Siddharth Desai - Get to know the PKL 2019 auction's costliest player |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-2019-siddharth-desai-get-to-know-the-pkl-2019-auction-s-costliest-player |website=Sportskeeda |publisher=Sportskeeda |accessdate=24 June 2019 |ref=3}}</ref> He is one of the most decorated kabaddi players in India.

== Early life ==
Desai comes from a family of kabaddi enthusiasts, as both his father and brother, Suraj, are known to have participated in the sport.<ref name="Siddarth Desai"/> Although he dedicated himself to kabaddi from a young age, Desai also prioritized his academic pursuits with the guidance and support of his parents and brother. After completing his 12th-grade studies in science, Desai graduated from college with a BSc degree in physics.<ref name="BSc Physics">{{cite web |title=A caring brother and a gifted intellect have forged Siddarth Desai |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/features/a-caring-brother-and-a-gifted-intellect-have-forged-siddharth-desai |website=Pro Kabaddi |publisher=Pro Kabaddi |accessdate=24 June 2019 |ref=5}}</ref> In addition to kabaddi, Desai has a passion for playing the guitar and singing. He finds the instrument to be a stress reliever and often dedicates at least an hour per day to playing it.<ref name="Plays guitar and sings">{{cite web |last1=Desai |first1=Siddharth |title=Siddharth Desai the rookie sensation |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/visual-stories/siddharth-desai-the-rookie-sensation |website=Pro Kabaddi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624205020/https://www.prokabaddi.com/visual-stories/siddharth-desai-the-rookie-sensation|archivedate=2019-06-24|url-status=dead |publisher=Pro Kabaddi |accessdate=24 June 2019 |ref=6}}</ref> Desai even has a YouTube channel where he uploads some renditions of his favourite songs.<ref name="Youtube channel">{{cite web |last1=Desai |first1=Siddharth |title=Youtube Channel |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8M3PkqKBMOGZgxOmCzKzZA |website=Youtube |publisher=Siddharth Desai |accessdate=24 June 2019 |ref=7}}</ref>

== PKL career ==
=== Season 6 ===

After showcasing his skills during a successful tournament with Maharashtra at the Nationals, Desai received an opportunity to compete in Pro Kabaddi.<ref name="Siddarth Desai"/> He experienced a notably successful debut season with U Mumba, achieving several milestones. Desai became the quickest rookie to accumulate 200 raid points, achieving this feat in just 21 appearances with a total of 218 raid points. He also holds the record for being the fastest player to reach 50 raid points, tied for the fastest to reach 100 raid points, and boasted an impressive strike rate of 89.13% in Do-Or-Die raid attempts.<ref name="Record-breaking stats">{{cite web |title= Record breaker: Siddharth Desai's historic debut campaign |url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/features/record-breaker-siddharth-desais-historic-debut-campaign |website=Pro Kabaddi |publisher=Pro Kabaddi |accessdate=24 June 2019 |ref=9}}</ref>

==PKL auction prices==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Season !! Club !! Year !! Sold price !! Ref
|-
| style="text-align:center" | [[2018 Pro Kabaddi League season|VI]]
|[[U Mumba]]|| [[2018 Pro Kabaddi League season|2018]]|| ₹36.40 Lakh || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-30 |title=PKL Season 6 auctions: Full list of players bought and their bids |url=https://www.espn.in/kabaddi/story/_/id/23648411/pro-kabaddi-league-season-6-auctions-2018-full-list-players-bought-price |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" | [[2019 Pro Kabaddi League season|VII]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Telugu Titans]] || [[2019 Pro Kabaddi League season|2019]] || ₹1.45 Crore || <ref>{{Cite web |title=PKL Auction: Telugu Titans Bag Raider Siddharth Desai For Rs 1.45 Crore In PKL 2019 Auction {{!}} Kabaddi News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/kabaddi/pkl-auction-telugu-titans-bag-raider-siddharth-desai-for-rs-1-45-crore-in-pkl-2019-auction-2019906?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2021-22 Pro Kabaddi League|VIII]]
|[[2021-22 Pro Kabaddi League|2021]]
|₹1.30 Crore
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=PKL Auction 2021: Siddharth Desai goes back to the Telugu Titans at ₹1.30 crores |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/news-pkl-auction-2021-siddharth-desai-goes-back-telugu-titans-1-30-crores?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2022 Pro Kabaddi League|IX]]
|[[2022 Pro Kabaddi League|2022]]
|₹20.00 Lakh
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=PKL9 auction: From 1.45 crore to 20 lakh, Siddarth Desai's auction value falls |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/siddarth-desai-pkl-9-auction-2022-telugu-titans-20-lakh-base-price-pro-kabaddi-league-season-nine-analysis/article65733856.ece?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2023–24 Pro Kabaddi League|X]]
|[[Haryana Steelers]]
|[[2023–24 Pro Kabaddi League|2023]]
|₹1.00 Crore
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=PKL 10 Auction: Siddharth Desai sold to Haryana Steelers for Rs 1 crore |url=https://khelnow.com/kabaddi/2023-10-pkl-10-auction-siddharth-desai-haryana-steelers?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|[[2024 Pro Kabaddi League|XI]]
|[[Dabang Delhi K.C.|Dabang Delhi K.C]]
|[[2024 Pro Kabaddi League|2024]]
|₹26.00 Lakh
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Kabaddi 2024: 3 most expensive buys for Dabang Delhi KC ft. Siddharth Desai |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-2024-3-expensive-buys-dabang-delhi-kc-ft-siddharth-desai?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Total'''|| colspan="2" |4.574 Crore
|}

''Note - Siddharth Desai was ruled out of PKL 11 due to personal reasons after being auctioned.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Siddharth Desai ruled out of PKL 11 due to personal reasons, Dabang Delhi confirms |url=https://khelnow.com/kabaddi/siddharth-desai-ruled-out-pkl-11-202410 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!League !! Team !! Season !! Year !! Matches !! Raid points
!Super 10s!! Tackle points !! Total points
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Pro Kabaddi League]]
|[[U Mumba]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[2018 Pro Kabaddi League season|VI]]|| [[2018 Pro Kabaddi League season|2018]]|| 21 || 218
|12|| 3 || 221
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Telugu Titans]]
| style="text-align:center" | [[2019 Pro Kabaddi League season|VII]] || [[2019 Pro Kabaddi League season|2019]] || 22 || 217
|10|| 3 || 220
|-
|[[2021–22 Pro Kabaddi League|VIII]]
|[[2021–22 Pro Kabaddi League|2021]]
|3
|34
|2
|1
|35
|-
|[[2022 Pro Kabaddi League|IX]]
|[[2022 Pro Kabaddi League|2022]]
|17
|142
|6
|2
|144
|-
|[[Haryana Steelers]]
|[[2023–24 Pro Kabaddi League|X]]
|[[2023–24 Pro Kabaddi League|2023]]
|17
|82
|4
|0
|82
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#eee" |'''Total'''||'''80'''||'''693'''
|'''34'''||'''9''' ||'''702'''

|-
|}

==Records and achievements==
* VIVO Pro Kabaddi Best Debutant (2019)<ref name="Record-breaking stats" />
* [[2023–24 Pro Kabaddi League|2023–24 PKL]]: Runner up

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Siddharth}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male kabaddi players]]
[[Category:Pro Kabaddi League players]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players from Maharashtra]]

Submarine-launched ballistic missile

2026-03-23T07:26:35Z

Veirdo: further improve details based on references and updated info based on references

{{Short description|Self-propelled gravity-assisted guided weapon flying from an independent underwater craft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
[[File:Trident II UGM-133A D5LE Missile from USS Wyoming, 2021.webm|thumbtime=1:37|thumb|[[UGM-133 Trident II|Trident II]] UGM-133A D5LE missile test fired from {{USS|Wyoming|SSBN-742|6}} in September 2021]]
A '''submarine-launched ballistic missile''' ('''SLBM''') is a [[ballistic missile]] capable of being launched from [[Ballistic missile submarine|submarine]]s. SLBMs almost exclusively carry [[nuclear weapon]] [[warhead|warheads]], and play an important role in [[nuclear strategy]] as a highly reliable and non-vulnerable [[second strike]] option.

Modern variants usually deliver [[multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle]]s (MIRVs), each of which carries a [[Strategic nuclear weapon|strategic nuclear warhead]] and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets. SLBMs typically use an [[inertial navigation system]] in combination with a [[celestial navigation]] system. Submarine-launched ballistic missiles operate in a different way from [[submarine-launched cruise missile]]s.

Some SLBMs have also been used in a [[tactical nuclear weapon]] role, such as the United States [[W76|W76 Mod 2]] warhead mated to the [[UGM-133 Trident II]] missile.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208025953/https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF |archive-date=2019-02-08 |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=media.defense.gov}}</ref> Nuclear-armed SLBMs are operated by [[Nuclear weapons of China|China]] ([[JL-3]]), [[France and weapons of mass destruction|France]] ([[M51 (missile)|M51]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kristensen |first=Hans M. |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |last3=Johns |first3=Eliana |last4=Knight-Boyle |first4=Mackenzie |date=2025-07-04 |title=French nuclear weapons, 2025 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2025.2524251 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=313–326 |doi=10.1080/00963402.2025.2524251 |issn=0096-3402|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India]] ([[Sagarika (missile)|Sagarika]]), [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]] ([[R-29RMU Sineva|Sineva]], [[R-29RMU2 Lajner|Lajner]], and [[RSM-56 Bulava|Bulava]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kristensen |first=Hans M. |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |last3=Johns |first3=Eliana |last4=Knight |first4=Mackenzie |date=2025-05-04 |title=Russian nuclear weapons, 2025 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2025.2494386 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=208–237 |doi=10.1080/00963402.2025.2494386 |issn=0096-3402|url-access=subscription }}</ref>, the [[Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kristensen |first=Hans M. |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |last3=Johns |first3=Eliana |last4=Knight |first4=Mackenzie |date=2024-11-01 |title=United Kingdom nuclear weapons, 2024 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2024.2420550 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en}}</ref> and the [[Nuclear weapons of the United States|United States]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kristensen |first=Hans M. |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |last3=Johns |first3=Eliana |last4=Knight |first4=Mackenzie |date=2025-01-02 |title=United States nuclear weapons, 2025 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2024.2441624 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=53–79 |doi=10.1080/00963402.2024.2441624 |issn=0096-3402|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ([[Polaris Sales Agreement#Trident|both Trident II]]). [[South Korea and weapons of mass destruction|South Korea]] is the only nation developing a conventionally-armed SLBM, the [[Hyunmoo#Hyunmoo 4-4|Hyunmoo 4-4]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Korea Tests Submarine-Launched Missile {{!}} Arms Control Association |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2021-10/news/south-korea-tests-submarine-launched-missile |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251219185129/https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2021-10/news/south-korea-tests-submarine-launched-missile |archive-date=2025-12-19 |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=www.armscontrol.org |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Soviet Union]] tested the world's first SLBM, the [[R-11 Zemlya#Naval variant|R-11FM]], in 1955, and became the first country to operate [[Ballistic missile submarine|ballistic missile submarines]] with the R-11FM in 1956. The [[United States Navy]] first developed the [[UGM-27 Polaris]], operational from 1961. The [[Polaris A-3 missile|Polaris A-3]] was the first missile to use a [[multiple re-entry vehicle]], a nuclear [[cluster munition]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Polmar, Norman. |title=The U.S. nuclear arsenal: a history of weapons and delivery systems since 1945 |date=2009 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |others=Norris, Robert S. (Robert Stan) |isbn=978-1557506818 |location=Annapolis, Md. |oclc=262888426}}</ref> The US Navy remains the largest operators of SLBMs, with 280 Trident II missiles,<ref name=":1" /> followed by the [[Russian Navy]] with 192 total SLBMs.<ref name=":0" />

Modern submarine-launched ballistic missiles are closely related to [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]s (ICBMs), with ranges of over {{convert|5500|km|nmi}}, and in many cases SLBMs and ICBMs may be part of the same family of weapons.

==History==
===Origins===
The first practical design of a [[submarine]]-based launch platform was developed by the Germans near the end of [[World War II]] involving a launch tube which contained a [[V-2 rocket|V-2 ballistic missile]] variant and was towed behind a submarine, known by the code-name [[V-2 rocket#Unfulfilled plans|''Prüfstand XII'']]. The war ended before it could be tested, but the engineers who had worked on it were taken to work for the United States ([[Operation Paperclip]]) and for the Soviet Union on their SLBM programs. These and other early SLBM systems required vessels to be surfaced when they fired missiles, but launch systems were adapted to allow [[underwater]] launching in the 1950–1960s. A converted [[Project 611]] (Zulu-IV class) submarine launched the world's first SLBM, an [[R-11FM]] (SS-N-1 Scud-A, naval variant of the SS-1 [[Scud]]) on 16 September 1955.<ref name="Wade R-11">{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/r11.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020309175348/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/r11.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 March 2002 |title=R-11 |access-date=23 April 2011 |last=Wade |first=Mark |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]]}}</ref> Five additional Project V611 and AV611 (Zulu-V class) submarines became the world's first operational [[ballistic missile]] submarines (SSBs) with two R-11FM missiles each, entering service in 1956–57.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_611.htm|title=Large submarines – Project 611|website=russianships.info}}</ref>

The [[United States Navy]] initially worked on a sea-based variant of the [[US Army]] [[PGM-19 Jupiter|Jupiter]] [[intermediate-range ballistic missile]], projecting four of the large, liquid-fueled missiles per submarine.<ref name="Friedman, pp. 192–195">Friedman, pp. 192–195</ref> Rear Admiral [[William Raborn|W. F. "Red" Raborn]] headed a Special Project Office to develop Jupiter for the Navy, beginning in late 1955.<ref name="Friedman, pp. 192–195"/><ref name="heroicrelics.org"/> However, at the [[Project Nobska]] submarine warfare conference in 1956, physicist [[Edward Teller]] stated that a physically small one-megaton [[warhead]] could be produced for the relatively small, solid-fueled [[Polaris missile]],<ref>{{cite book | last = Teller | first = Edward | title = Memoirs: A Twentieth Century Journey in Science and Politics | publisher = Perseus Publishing | year = 2001 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages = [https://archive.org/details/memoirstwentieth0000tell/page/420 420–421] | url = https://archive.org/details/memoirstwentieth0000tell/page/420 | isbn = 0-7382-0532-X | url-access = registration }}</ref> and this prompted the Navy to leave the Jupiter program in December of that year. Soon [[Chief of Naval Operations]] Admiral [[Arleigh Burke]] concentrated all Navy strategic research on [[UGM-27 Polaris|Polaris]], still under Admiral Raborn's Special Project Office.<ref name="heroicrelics.org">{{cite web|url=http://heroicrelics.org/info/jupiter/jupiter-hist.html|title=History of the Jupiter Missile System|website=heroicrelics.org}}</ref> All US SLBMs have been solid-fueled while all [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and Russian SLBMs have been liquid-fueled except for the Russian [[RSM-56 Bulava]], which entered service in 2014.

[[File:Polaris AX (AX-1) on pad LC-25A CCAFS - 1958-09-24.jpg|thumb|[[Polaris missile|Polaris A-1]] on launch pad LC-25A in Cape Canaveral]]
The world's first operational nuclear-powered [[ballistic missile submarine]] (SSBN) was {{USS|George Washington|SSBN-598|6}} with 16 [[Polaris missile|Polaris A-1]] missiles, which entered service in December 1959 and conducted the first SSBN deterrent patrol November 1960 – January 1961.<ref>Friedman, p. 196</ref> ''George Washington'' also conducted the first successful submerged SLBM launch with a Polaris A-1 on 20 July 1960.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1963/1963%20-%201949.html |title=Missiles 1963 |journal=[[Flight International]] |date=7 November 1963 |page=752}}</ref> Fifty-two days later, the Soviet Union made its first successful underwater launch of a submarine ballistic missile in the White Sea, on 10 September 1960 from the same converted [[Project 611]] ([[NATO reporting name]] Zulu-IV class) submarine that first launched the R-11FM.<ref name=NiZ>{{cite web |url=http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/10079/ |title=Start razreshaju (in Russian) |access-date=23 April 2011 |last=Dygalo|first=V.A. |date=December 1999 |publisher=[[Nauka i Zhizn']]}}</ref> The Soviets were only a year behind the US with their first SSBN, the [[Soviet submarine K-19|ill-fated ''K-19'']] of [[Hotel-class submarine|Project 658]] (Hotel class), commissioned in November 1960. However, the Hotel class carried only three [[R-13 (missile)|R-13 missiles]] (NATO reporting name SS-N-4) each and had to surface and raise the missile to launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_658.htm|title=Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 658|website=russianships.info}}</ref> Submerged launch was not an operational capability for the Soviets until 1963, when the [[R-21 (missile)|R-21 missile]] (SS-N-5) was first backfitted to Project 658 (Hotel class) and [[Golf-class submarine|Project 629]] (Golf class) submarines.<ref name="Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 355–357">Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 355–357</ref> The Soviet Union was able to beat the US in launching and testing the first SLBM with a live nuclear warhead, an [[R-13 (missile)|R-13]] that detonated in the [[Novaya Zemlya]] Test Range in the Arctic Ocean, doing so on 20 October 1961,<ref>{{cite book |author1=Polmar, Norman |author2=White, Michael |title=Project Azorian: The CIA and the Raising of the K-129 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2010 |page=21 |isbn=978-1-59114-690-2}}</ref> just ten days before the gigantic 50 Mt [[Tsar Bomba]]'s detonation in the same general area. The United States eventually conducted a similar test in the Pacific Ocean on 6 May 1962, with a Polaris A-2 launched from {{USS|Ethan Allen|SSBN-608|6}} as part of the [[nuclear test]] series [[Operation Dominic]]. The first Soviet SSBN with 16 missiles was the [[Yankee-class submarine|Project 667A]] (Yankee class), which first entered service in 1967 with 32 boats completed by 1974.<ref>Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 403</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_667a.htm|title=Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 667A|website=russianships.info}}</ref> By the time the first Yankee was commissioned the US had built 41 SSBNs, nicknamed the "[[41 for Freedom]]".<ref>Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 610–613</ref><ref name="Polmar American Submarine, p. 133">Polmar American Submarine, p. 133</ref>
[[File:Snle-snle-ng-svg.svg|thumb|French [[M45 SLBM]] and [[M51 SLBM]] in cross-section of a submarine.]]

===Deployment and further development===
The short range of the early SLBMs dictated basing and deployment locations. By the late 1960s the Polaris A-3 was deployed on all US SSBNs with a range of {{convert|4600|km|nmi}}, a great improvement on the {{convert|1900|km|nmi|adj=on}} range of Polaris A-1. The A-3 also had three warheads that landed in a pattern around a single target.<ref>Friedman, pp. 199–200</ref><ref>Polmar American Submarine, pp. 131–133</ref> The Yankee class was initially equipped with the [[R-27 Zyb]] missile (SS-N-6) with a range of {{convert|2400|km|nmi}}. The US was much more fortunate in its basing arrangements than the Soviets. Thanks to [[NATO]] and the US possession of [[Guam]], US SSBNs were permanently forward deployed at Advanced Refit Sites in [[Holy Loch]], Scotland, [[Naval Station Rota|Rota, Spain]], and Guam by the middle 1960s, resulting in short transit times to patrol areas near the Soviet Union. The SSBN facilities at the Advanced Refit Sites were austere, with only a [[submarine tender]] and [[floating dry dock]]. Converted merchant ships [[hull classification symbol|designated T-AKs]] ([[Military Sealift Command]] cargo ships) were provided to ferry missiles and supplies to the sites. With two rotating crews per boat, about one-third of the total US force could be in a patrol area at any time. The Soviet bases, in [[Severomorsk]] (near [[Murmansk]]) for the [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]]-[[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] theater in [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] for the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] theater, required their SSBNs to make a long transit (e.g., through NATO-monitored waters in the Atlantic) to their mid-ocean patrol areas to hold the continental United States ([[CONUS]]) at risk. This resulted in only a small percentage of the Soviet force occupying patrol areas at any time, and was a great motivation for longer-range Soviet SLBMs, which would allow them to patrol close to their bases, in areas sometimes referred to as "deep bastions". These missiles were the [[R-29 Vysota]] series (SS-N-8, SS-N-18, SS-N-23), equipped on [[Delta-class submarine|Projects 667B, 667BD, 667BDR, and 667BDRM]] (Delta-I through Delta-IV classes).<ref name="Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 355–357"/> The SS-N-8, with a range of {{convert|7700|km|nmi}}, entered service on the first Delta-I boat in 1972, before the Yankee class was even completed. A total of 43 Delta-class boats of all types entered service 1972–90, with the SS-N-18 on the Delta III class and the [[R-29RM Shtil]] (SS-N-23) on the Delta IV class.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_667b.htm|title=Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 667B|website=russianships.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_667bd.htm|title=Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 667BD|website=russianships.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_667bdr.htm|title=Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 667BDR|website=russianships.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_667bdrm.htm|title=Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 667BDRM|website=russianships.info}}</ref> The new missiles had increased range and eventually multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles ([[MIRV]]), multiple warheads that could each hit a different target.<ref name="Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 355–357"/>

===Poseidon and Trident I===
Although the US did not commission any new SSBNs from 1967 through 1981, it did introduce two new SLBMs. Thirty-one of the forty-one original US SSBNs were built with larger diameter launch tubes with future missiles in mind. In the early 1970s the [[UGM-73 Poseidon|Poseidon (C-3) missile]] entered service, and those 31 SSBNs were backfitted with it.<ref>Friedman, p. 201</ref> Poseidon offered a massive MIRV capability of up to 14 warheads per missile.<ref name="Polmar American Submarine, p. 133"/> Like the Soviets, the US also desired a longer-range missile that would allow SSBNs to be based in CONUS. In the late 1970s the [[UGM-96 Trident I|Trident I (C-4) missile]] with a range of {{convert|7400|km|nmi}} and eight MIRV warheads was backfitted to 12 of the Poseidon-equipped submarines.<ref>Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 553–554</ref><ref>Friedman, p. 206</ref><ref>Polmar American Submarine, pp. 133–135</ref> The SSBN facilities (primarily a [[submarine tender]] and [[floating dry dock]]) of the base at Rota, Spain were disestablished and the [[Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay]] in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] was built for the Trident I-equipped force.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

===Trident and Typhoon submarines===
[[File:Trident II missile cropped.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Trident II missile]] just after launch.]]
Both the United States and the Soviet Union commissioned larger SSBNs designed for new missiles in 1981. The American large SSBN was the {{sclass|Ohio|submarine|4}}, also called the "Trident submarine", with the largest SSBN armament ever of 24 missiles, initially Trident I but built with much larger tubes for the [[UGM-133 Trident II|Trident II (D-5) missile]], which entered service in 1990.<ref>Friedman, pp. 206–207</ref><ref>Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 554</ref> The entire class was converted to use Trident II by the early 2000s. Trident II offered a range of over {{convert|8000|km|nmi}} with eight larger MIRV warheads than Trident I. When {{USS|Ohio|SSBN-726|6}} commenced sea trials in 1980, two of the first ten US SSBNs had their missiles removed to comply with SALT treaty requirements; the remaining eight were converted to attack submarines (SSN) by the end of 1982. These were all in the Pacific, and the Guam SSBN base was disestablished; the first several ''Ohio''-class boats used new Trident facilities at [[Naval Submarine Base Bangor]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. Eighteen ''Ohio''-class boats were commissioned by 1997,<ref>Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 613</ref> four of which were converted as [[Cruise-missile submarine|cruise missile submarines]] (SSGN) in the 2000s to comply with [[START I]] treaty requirements. The largest Soviet SSBN was the [[Typhoon-class submarine|Project 941 Akula]], known in the west as the Typhoon-class (and not to be confused with the [[Akula-class submarine|Project 971 Shchuka]] [[attack submarine]], called "Akula" by NATO). The Typhoons were the largest submarines ever built at 48,000 tons submerged. They were armed with 20 of the [[R-39 Rif]] (SS-N-20) missiles with a range of {{convert|8300|km|nmi}} and 10 MIRV warheads. Six Typhoons were commissioned between 1981–89.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_941.htm|title=Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines – Project 941|website=russianships.info}}</ref>

===Post-Cold War===
[[File:K4 SLBM Launch Video.webm|left|thumb|Test launch of the [[K-4 (missile)|K-4]] in March 2014.]]
New SSBN construction terminated for over 10 years in Russia and slowed in the US with the [[collapse of the Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]] in 1991. The US rapidly decommissioned its remaining 31 older SSBNs, with a few converted to [[Cruise-missile submarine#U.S. Navy|other roles]], and the base at Holy Loch was disestablished. Most of the former Soviet SSBN force was gradually scrapped under the provisions of the [[Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction]] agreement through 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtra.mil/Missions/Verifying.aspx|title=DTRA verification page|access-date=17 April 2015|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905130451/http://www.dtra.mil/Missions/Verifying.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> By that time the Russian SSBN force stood at six Delta-IVs, three Delta-IIIs, and a lone Typhoon used as a testbed for new missiles (the R-39s unique to the Typhoons were reportedly scrapped in 2012). Upgraded missiles such as the [[R-29RMU Sineva]] (SS-N-23 Sineva) were developed for the Deltas. In 2013 the Russians commissioned the first [[Borei-class submarine]], also called the ''Dolgorukiy'' class after the lead vessel. By 2015 two others had entered service. This class is intended to replace the aging Deltas, and carries 16 solid-fuel [[RSM-56 Bulava]] missiles, with a reported range of {{convert|10000|km|nmi}} and six MIRV warheads. In 2020 the US Navy laid down the first [[Columbia-class submarine]], [[USS District of Columbia|USS ''District of Columbia'']] at [[General Dynamics Electric Boat]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eckstein |first=Megan |date=2019-05-08 |title=Navy: USS Columbia Will Have Most Complete Design Ever at Official Construction Start - USNI News |url=https://news.usni.org/2019/05/08/navy-uss-columbia-will-have-most-completed-design-ever-at-official-construction-start |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250418194138/https://news.usni.org/2019/05/08/navy-uss-columbia-will-have-most-completed-design-ever-at-official-construction-start |archive-date=2025-04-18 |access-date=2026-02-05 |work=USNI News |language=en-US}}</ref> The class is expected to serve until the 2080's<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarines - SSBN |url=https://www.navy.mil/Resources/Fact-Files/Display-FactFiles/Article/2169580/fleet-ballistic-missile-submarines-ssbn/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260201073816/https://www.navy.mil/Resources/Fact-Files/Display-FactFiles/Article/2169580/fleet-ballistic-missile-submarines-ssbn/ |archive-date=2026-02-01 |access-date=2026-02-05 |work=United States Navy |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Ballistic missile submarine]]s have been of great strategic importance for the United States, Russia, and other nuclear powers since they entered service in the [[Cold War]], as they can hide from [[reconnaissance satellite]]s and fire their nuclear weapons with virtual impunity. This makes them immune to a [[Pre-emptive nuclear strike|first strike]] directed against nuclear forces, allowing each side to maintain the capability to launch a [[mutually assured destruction|devastating retaliatory strike]], even if all land-based missiles have been destroyed. This relieves each side of the necessity to adopt a [[launch on warning]] posture, with its attendant risk of accidental nuclear war. Additionally, the deployment of highly accurate missiles on ultra-quiet submarines allows an attacker to sneak up close to the enemy coast and launch a missile on a depressed trajectory (a non-optimal [[ballistic trajectory]] which trades off reduced [[throw-weight]] for a faster and lower path, effectively reducing the time between launch and impact), thus opening the possibility of a [[decapitation strike]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

Indian SLBM's started with the Deployment of the nation's first [[Arihant-class submarine]] into service, equipped with the [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15]] missiles<ref>{{Cite web |last=defenceupdate |date=2017-10-08 |title=After Agni-V, B05, and K-4, India shifts focus on Next Big Thing |url=https://defenceupdate.in/after-agni-v-b05-and-k-4-india-shifts-focus-on-next-big-thing/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=Indian Defence News |language=en-US}}</ref> giving a range of 750 km. A series of SLBM's are developed as part of the [[K Missile family]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-06 |title=K Missile Family of India: Here's everything you need to know |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/k-missile-family-1601983618-1 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref> of missiles to complete the [[nuclear triad]] capability providing credible [[nuclear Deterrence]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuclear Capable Missile Tested Successfully From INS Arighat, Know All About K-4 Ballistic Missile |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/indian-navy-test-fires-k4-ballistic-missile-from-ins-arighat-how-it-will-boost-country-nuclear-deterrence-explained-10203755 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=www.thedailyjagran.com |language=en}}</ref> Later on the submarine was equipped with the 3500 km ranged [[K-4 (missile)|k-4]] missiles<ref>{{Cite web |last=Honrada |first=Gabriel |date=2024-12-02 |title=India's K-4 missile a nuclear shot across China's bow |url=https://asiatimes.com/2024/12/indias-k-4-missile-a-nuclear-shot-across-chinas-bow/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=Asia Times |language=en-US}}</ref>. Further two missiles type of SLBM's [[K-5 (ballistic missile)|K-5]] and [[K-6 (missile)|K-6]] are developed for [[S5-class submarine|S5 class]] of submarines<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=India’s nuclear deterrence soars: Successful K-4 missile test from INS Arighaat; know all about it |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-indias-nuclear-deterrence-soars-successful-k-4-missile-test-from-ins-arighaat-know-all-about-it-3679308/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>.

==List of submarine-launched ballistic missiles==
{{See also|Submarine-launched missile#Submarine-launched ballistic missiles}}

==Non-military use==
Some former Russian SLBMs have been converted into [[Volna]] and [[Shtil']] [[launch vehicle]]s to launch [[satellite]]s – either from a submarine or from a launch site on land.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="280" heights="200">
File:Trident C-4 montage-retouched.jpg|Montage of the launch of a [[Trident missile|Trident I C-4]] SLBM and the paths of its reentry vehicles
File:Weapons of the Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarine Fleet.jpg|Selected US SLBMs. L to R: Polaris A1, Polaris A2, Polaris A3, Poseidon, Trident I and Trident II
File:SLBM Comparison.jpg|Selected Russian and Chinese SLBMs. L to R: R-29 Vysota ([[SS-N-8]]), R-29R ([[SS-N-18]]), R-39 ([[SS-N-20]]), R-29RM ([[R-29RM Shtil|SS-N-23]]), [[JL-1]], [[JL-2]]
File:B05 SLBM.jpg|[[Sagarika (missile)|K-15 Sagarika]] SLBM
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Soviet Union|Russia}}
*[[Submarine-launched missile]]
*[[Ballistic missile submarine]]
*[[ICBM]]
*[[Comparison of ICBMs]]
*[[List of ICBMs]]
*[[Heavy ICBM]]
*[[Nuclear warfare]]
*[[Vertical launching system]]
*[[Intermediate-range ballistic missile]]
*[[Submarine-launched cruise missile]]
*[[Mutually assured destruction]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book | last = Friedman | first = Norman | title = U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History | publisher = [[United States Naval Institute]] | year = 1994 | location = [[Annapolis, Maryland]] | isbn = 1-55750-260-9 }}
* {{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2 = Chumbley, Stephen | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 | publisher = Conway Maritime Press | year = 1995 | location = London | isbn = 1-55750-132-7 }}
* {{cite book | last = Polmar | first = Norman | title = The American Submarine | publisher = Nautical and Aviation Publishing | year = 1981 | location = [[Annapolis, Maryland]] | pages = [https://archive.org/details/americansubmarin0000polm/page/123 123–136] | url = https://archive.org/details/americansubmarin0000polm/page/123 | isbn = 0-933852-14-2 }}

==External links==
{{Commons|Submarine-launched ballistic missiles}}
*[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WMUS_Main.htm Navweaps.com US naval missiles index page]
*[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WMRUS_Stratmis.htm Navweaps.com Soviet and Russian naval missiles index page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917150811/http://navweaps.com/Weapons/WMRUS_Stratmis.htm |date=17 September 2013 }}
*[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WMBR_Main.htm Navweaps.com UK naval missiles index page]
*[https://archive.today/20121210100146/http://sonicbomb.com/modules.php?name=Downloads&d_op=getit&lid=247 Video] showing the launch of a Trident SLBM.
*[http://es.rice.edu/projects/Poli378/Nuclear/f04.stratg_invent.html Estimated Strategic Nuclear Weapons Inventories (September 2004)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020309175348/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/r11.htm R-11 SLBM]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100502011649/http://www.nukewatch.com/projectelf/tridentkilling.html Trident Submarines Are Killing Machines Unparalleled In Human History.]
*[http://www.navsource.net/archives/08/06idx.htm Navsource SSBN photo gallery index]

{{Missile types}}
{{Nuclear triad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile}}
[[Category:Types of missile]]
[[Category:Submarine-launched ballistic missiles| ]]
[[Category:Soviet inventions]]

Anandsami

2026-03-18T23:58:14Z

Veirdo: stub

{{short description|Indian director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anandsami
| image =
| imagesize =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| occupation = Actor
| othername =
| yearsactive = 2001{{endash}}present
| spouse =
| parents =
}}

'''Anand Sami''' or '''Anandsami''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] film and stage actor who has worked on [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films. In films, Anandsami had a career breakthrough with appearances in ''[[Lens (film)|Lens]]'' (2016) and ''[[Odu Raja Odu]]'' (2018).

==Career==
In 2001, Anandsami was a part of the Indian Tamil remake of the Hindi television series ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''. He appeared in ten episodes, and has since noted that being a part of the show prompted to become more professional with his approach to acting. After completing work on the series, Anandsami created a portfolio and attempted to become an actor in Tamil cinema.<ref name="beg">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/an-interview-with-theatre-actor-anandsami/article22834905.ece|title=In a dialogue with theatre|first=R.|last=Krithika|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 February 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=10 January 2021|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112053931/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/an-interview-with-theatre-actor-anandsami/article22834905.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Finding chances hard to come by, he joined the Chennai-based theatre troupe [[Koothu-P-Pattarai]] in 2002, where he performed for eight years, before moving on to work with another group, ''Perch''.<ref name="beg"/> Despite making small appearances in films and television during the 2000s, Anandsami was able to establish himself as a prominent theatre actor in the Chennai acting circuit.<ref name="beg"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-review-of-a-solo-act-by-actor-anandsami/article25751983.ece|title=One man, many people|first=Anitha|last=Senthil|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 December 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122032241/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-review-of-a-solo-act-by-actor-anandsami/article25751983.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Anandsami was also a part of the trio that performs ''Kira Kozhambu'', a play based on writer Ki Rajanarayanan's folk tales. He acted in the play with [[Ravindra Vijay]] and Kalieaswari Srinivasan in [[Coimbatore]], and reenacted the same play with [[Maya S. Krishnan]] reprising Srinivasan's part in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/kira-kuzhambu-served-up-a-dramatic-feast-of-ki-rajanarayanans-stories-in-coimbatore/article20577025.ece|title=Folktales by Ki.Rajanarayanan: Of sky, birds and pacha mochai|first=Susan Joe|last=Philip|date=20 November 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123228/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/kira-kuzhambu-served-up-a-dramatic-feast-of-ki-rajanarayanans-stories-in-coimbatore/article20577025.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/the-madurai-art-fest-2019-organised-by-kaleidoscope-brought-various-art-form-on-a-single-platform/article26331367.ece|title=The arts and the city|first=Soma|last=Basu|date=21 February 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123228/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/the-madurai-art-fest-2019-organised-by-kaleidoscope-brought-various-art-form-on-a-single-platform/article26331367.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/universal-folk-tales/article23914771.ece|title=Ki Ra Kozhambu: universal folk tales|first=Sravasti|last=Datta|date=17 May 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123231/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/universal-folk-tales/article23914771.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/kira-kozhambu-staged-by-perch-chennai-takes-the-audience-on-a-wild-journey-through-a-kaleidoscope-of-stories/article23694966.ece|title=A story well told|first=T.|last=Saravanan|date=27 April 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123231/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/kira-kozhambu-staged-by-perch-chennai-takes-the-audience-on-a-wild-journey-through-a-kaleidoscope-of-stories/article23694966.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/this-childrens-theatre-fest-was-a-blockbuster/articleshow/56023828.cms|title=This children's theatre fest was a blockbuster|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 December 2016|first=Papri|last=Paul|accessdate=26 July 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606124731/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/this-childrens-theatre-fest-was-a-blockbuster/articleshow/56023828.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The play was based on [[Ki. Rajanarayanan]]'s collection of short stories titled ''Nattuppura Kadhai Kalanjiyam'' with Anandsami reprising his role from the original play.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/oct/31/kiras-folktales-in-a-play-1688515.html|title=Kira's folktales in a play|website=The New Indian Express|date=November 2017 |access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123228/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/oct/31/kiras-folktales-in-a-play-1688515.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic stated that "Actors Anand Sami, Maya S. Krishnan and Ravindra Vijay were in their elements with their seamless blend of art and entertainment".<ref name="B" />

Anandsami is also known for his solo play, ''Jannal'' and ''Seethaimark Seeyakkai Thool'' where he performs writer [[Sundara Ramaswamy]]'s short shorties of the same name.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2013-11-25|title=Koothupattarai stages two plays in Madurai|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/koothupattarai-stages-two-plays-in-madurai/article5388894.ece|access-date=2020-08-11|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606130856/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/koothupattarai-stages-two-plays-in-madurai/article5388894.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Senthil|first=Anitha|date=2018-12-15|title=One man, many people|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-review-of-a-solo-act-by-actor-anandsami/article25751983.ece|access-date=2020-08-10|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122032241/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-review-of-a-solo-act-by-actor-anandsami/article25751983.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also part of an ensemble cast of actors that performed The Water Station,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nath|first=Parshathy J.|date=2017-06-05|title=I'd rather be the man who gets slapped, says Anand Sami of 'Lens'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/id-rather-be-the-man-who-gets-slapped/article18723019.ece|access-date=2020-08-10|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112041750/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/id-rather-be-the-man-who-gets-slapped/article18723019.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> directed by Sankar Venkateswaran of Theatre Roots and Wings at the Kyoto International Performing Arts Festival<ref>{{Citation|last=Experiment|first=Kyoto|title=Teaser for Sankar Venkateswaran / Theatre Roots & Wings "The Water Station" (Kyoto Experiment 2016 Autumn)|date=2016-10-11|url=https://vimeo.com/186370722|access-date=2020-08-10|archive-date=24 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132418/https://vimeo.com/186370722|url-status=live}}</ref>

In film, Anandsami's most notable role was in Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan's directorial debut ''[[Lens (film)|Lens]]'', a thriller about web voyeurism.<ref>{{Citation|title=Real Talk with Itisprashanth - Lens team opens up!| date=11 May 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNGTuWDfFGE|language=en-US|access-date=2020-08-11|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606130855/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNGTuWDfFGE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-12|title=Lens (aka) Lenss review|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/lens/lens-review.html|access-date=2020-08-10|website=Behindwoods|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606130857/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/lens/lens-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Vetrimaran to produce his next with 'Genius' star Roshan - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetrimaran-to-produce-his-next-with-genius-star-roshan/articleshow/69985515.cms|access-date=2020-08-13|website=The Times of India|date=28 June 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606130855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vetrimaran-to-produce-his-next-with-genius-star-roshan/articleshow/69985515.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lens/movie-review/58595280.cms|title=Lens Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Lens by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> He was also seen in the 2018 black comedy ''[[Odu Raja Odu]]''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Jolly Fun Ride Movie {{!}} Odu Raja Odu Movie Press Meet {{!}} Guru Somasundaram| date=11 August 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5jqf9uA2kk|language=en-US|access-date=2020-08-11|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606130855/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5jqf9uA2kk|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Subramanian|first=Anupama|date=2018-08-18|title=Odu Raja Odu movie review: Tickles your funny bone, only partially|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/180818/odu-raja-odu-movie-review-tamil-guru-somasundaram-lakshmi-priya-nasse.html|access-date=2020-08-10|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606130856/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/180818/odu-raja-odu-movie-review-tamil-guru-somasundaram-lakshmi-priya-nasse.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Anandsami was seen in [[Amazon Prime]]'s ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'' portraying a Sri Lankan Tamil rebel fighter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2303565/family-man-2-wins-rave-reviews|title='Family Man 2' wins rave reviews|date=5 June 2021|website=The Express Tribune|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=12 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612020937/https://tribune.com.pk/story/2303565/family-man-2-wins-rave-reviews|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
;Films
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]'' || || rowspan="6" | Tamil ||Uncredited role
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|Parthiban Kanavu]]'' || ||
|-
|2004 || ''[[Varnajalam]]'' || Ashwin ||
|-
|2005 || ''[[Oru Kalluriyin Kathai|Oru Kalluriyin Kadhai]]'' || Guru ||
|-
|2008 || ''[[Chakkara Viyugam]]'' || ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009 ||''[[Siva Manasula Sakthi]]'' || Sakthi's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Passenger (2009 film)|Passenger]]'' || Anali Shaji || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Lens (film)|Lens]]'' ||Yohan || Tamil English
|
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Odu Raja Odu]]''|| Nakul
| rowspan="5" |Tamil||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Mayuran]]''|| ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Kuthiraivaal]]''|| Koteeswaran ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024 || ''[[Thangalaan]]''|| Kailasam ||
|-
| ''[[Raghu Thatha]]''|| Ranganathan ||
|-
| ''[[All We Imagine as Light]]'' || Drowned Man || Malayalam Hindi Marathi ||
|-
|}

;Television
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|+
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2001
|''Kelunga Mamiyare Neengalum Marumagal Than''
|
|Tamil
|
|-
| 2021
|''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''
| Selvarasan
| Hindi
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-family-man-2-review-and-release-live-updates-samantha-akkineni-makes-her-digital-debut-7342867/|title=The Family Man Season 2 review and release LIVE UPDATES: Fans say Samantha Akkineni steals the limelight|date=4 June 2021|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123228/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-family-man-2-review-and-release-live-updates-samantha-akkineni-makes-her-digital-debut-7342867/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''[[Brinda (TV series)|Brinda]]''
|Thakur
|Telugu
|
|-
|''[[Thalaivettiyaan Paalayam]]''
|Prabhu
|Tamil
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|8984005}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anandsami}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

2020 Tata Open Maharashtra – Doubles

2026-03-17T02:02:47Z

Veirdo: stub

{{more footnotes needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox tennis tournament event|2020|Tata Open Maharashtra|s
| champ={{ubl|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[André Göransson]]|{{flagicon|INA}} [[Christopher Rungkat]]}}
| runner={{ubl|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Jonathan Erlich]]|{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|Andrei Vasilevski]]}}
| score=6–2, 3–6, [10–8]
| draw=16
| seeds=4
| type = singles doubles
| after_year = 2022
| main_name = Maharashtra Open
}}

{{main article|2020 Tata Open Maharashtra}}

[[Rohan Bopanna]] and [[Divij Sharan]] were the defending champions,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/pune-2019-doubles-final |title=Indian Success: Sharan/Bopanna Claim Title On Team Debut In Pune |publisher=atptour.com |date=5 January 2019 |accessdate=1 February 2020}}</ref> but chose not to participate together. Bopanna played alongside [[Arjun Kadhe]] but lost in the first round to [[Antoine Hoang]] and [[Benoît Paire]]. Sharan teamed up with [[Artem Sitak]] but lost in the first round to [[Matthew Ebden]] and [[Leander Paes]].

[[André Göransson]] and [[Christopher Rungkat]] won the title, defeating [[Jonathan Erlich]] and [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|Andrei Vasilevski]] in the final, 6–2, 3–6, [10–8].

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|NED}} [[Robin Haase]] / {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Robert Lindstedt]] ''(quarterfinals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan]] / {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Artem Sitak]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Jonathan Erlich]] / {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|Andrei Vasilevski]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Cheng-peng]] / {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Denys Molchanov]] ''(first round)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}

===Draw===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Quarterfinals
| RD3=Semifinals
| RD4=Final

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|NED}} [[Robin Haase|R Haase]] {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Robert Lindstedt|R Lindstedt]]'''
| RD1-score01-1=65
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3='''[10]'''
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{ubl|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Sander Arends|S Arends]]|{{flagicon|NED}} [[David Pel|D Pel]]}}
| RD1-score02-1='''77'''
| RD1-score02-2=3
| RD1-score02-3=[8]

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03={{ubl|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Nicholas Monroe|N Monroe]]|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jackson Withrow|J Withrow]]}}
| RD1-score03-1=65
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3=[8]
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Romain Arneodo|R Arneodo]] {{flagicon|GER}} [[Andre Begemann|A Begemann]]'''
| RD1-score04-1='''77'''
| RD1-score04-2=4
| RD1-score04-3='''[10]'''

| RD1-seed05=4
| RD1-team05={{ubl|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsieh Cheng-peng|C-p Hsieh]]|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Denys Molchanov|D Molchanov]]}}
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2=4
| RD1-score05-3=[8]
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[André Göransson|A Göransson]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Christopher Rungkat|C Rungkat]]'''
| RD1-score06-1=3
| RD1-score06-2='''6'''
| RD1-score06-3='''[10]'''

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Antoine Hoang|A Hoang]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Benoît Paire|B Paire]]'''
| RD1-score07-1=3
| RD1-score07-2='''7'''
| RD1-score07-3='''[10]'''
| RD1-seed08=WC
| RD1-team08={{ubl|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Bopanna|R Bopanna]]|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Kadhe|A Kadhe]]}}
| RD1-score08-1='''6'''
| RD1-score08-2=5
| RD1-score08-3=[7]

| RD1-seed09=
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Lorenzi|P Lorenzi]] {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Travaglia|S Travaglia]]'''
| RD1-score09-1='''6'''
| RD1-score09-2='''6'''
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10={{ubl|{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Ričardas Berankis|R Berankis]]|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy|E Donskoy]]}}
| RD1-score10-1=3
| RD1-score10-2=4
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11={{ubl|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[James Duckworth (tennis)|J Duckworth]]|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matt Reid (tennis)|M Reid]]}}
| RD1-score11-1='''6'''
| RD1-score11-2=3
| RD1-score11-3=[8]
| RD1-seed12=3
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Jonathan Erlich|J Erlich]] {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|A Vasilevski]]'''
| RD1-score12-1=4
| RD1-score12-2='''6'''
| RD1-score12-3='''[10]'''

| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Purav Raja|P Raja]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]'''
| RD1-score13-1='''78'''
| RD1-score13-2='''6'''
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=Alt
| RD1-team14={{ubl|{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Egor Gerasimov|E Gerasimov]]|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal|S Nagal]]}}
| RD1-score14-1=66
| RD1-score14-2=3
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=WC
| RD1-team15='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Ebden|M Ebden]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Leander Paes|L Paes]]'''
| RD1-score15-1='''6'''
| RD1-score15-2='''77'''
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=2
| RD1-team16={{ubl|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Divij Sharan|D Sharan]]|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Artem Sitak|A Sitak]]}}
| RD1-score16-1=2
| RD1-score16-2=65
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01={{ubl|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Robin Haase|R Haase]]|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Robert Lindstedt|R Lindstedt]]}}
| RD2-score01-1=3
| RD2-score01-2=3
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02='''{{flagicon|MON}} [[Romain Arneodo|R Arneodo]] {{flagicon|GER}} [[Andre Begemann|A Begemann]]'''
| RD2-score02-1='''6'''
| RD2-score02-2='''6'''
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03='''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[André Göransson|A Göransson]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Christopher Rungkat|C Rungkat]]'''
| RD2-score03-1='''6'''
| RD2-score03-2='''6'''
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04={{ubl|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Antoine Hoang|A Hoang]]|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Benoît Paire|B Paire]]}}
| RD2-score04-1=3
| RD2-score04-2=3
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05={{ubl|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Lorenzi|P Lorenzi]]|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Travaglia|S Travaglia]]}}
| RD2-score05-1='''7'''
| RD2-score05-2=1
| RD2-score05-3=[8]
| RD2-seed06=3
| RD2-team06='''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Jonathan Erlich|J Erlich]] {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|A Vasilevski]]'''
| RD2-score06-1=5
| RD2-score06-2='''6'''
| RD2-score06-3='''[10]'''

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Purav Raja|P Raja]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''6'''
| RD2-score07-2='''6'''
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=WC
| RD2-team08={{ubl|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Ebden|M Ebden]]|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Leander Paes|L Paes]]}}
| RD2-score08-1=2
| RD2-score08-2=1
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=
| RD3-team01={{ubl|{{flagicon|MON}} [[Romain Arneodo|R Arneodo]]|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Andre Begemann|A Begemann]]}}
| RD3-score01-1=4
| RD3-score01-2=61
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[André Göransson|A Göransson]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Christopher Rungkat|C Rungkat]]'''
| RD3-score02-1='''6'''
| RD3-score02-2='''77'''
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=3
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Jonathan Erlich|J Erlich]] {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|A Vasilevski]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''77'''
| RD3-score03-2='''6'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04={{ubl|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Purav Raja|P Raja]]|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]}}
| RD3-score04-1=63
| RD3-score04-2=4
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[André Göransson|A Göransson]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Christopher Rungkat|C Rungkat]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''6'''
| RD4-score01-2=3
| RD4-score01-3='''[10]'''
| RD4-seed02=3
| RD4-team02={{ubl|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Jonathan Erlich|J Erlich]]|{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)|A Vasilevski]]}}
| RD4-score02-1=2
| RD4-score02-2='''6'''
| RD4-score02-3=[8]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2020/891/mdd.pdf Main draw]

{{2020 ATP Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tata Open Maharashtra - Doubles, 2020}}
[[Category:2020 Tata Open Maharashtra|Doubles]]

{{ATPtour-competition-stub}}

Ram Ingole

2026-03-15T04:02:35Z

Veirdo: stub

{{Short description|Indian social worker}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ram Ingole
| occupation = Social worker
| organization = Amrapali Utkarsh Sangh; Vimalashram Gharkul; Navin Desai Residential School
| known_for = Rehabilitation of sex-workers and their children; Rehabilitation of orphans; Education of children of migrant quarry workers
| awards = Bade Dilwale Award; Literacy Hero Award; Nashikrao Tirpude Lifetime Achievement Award; Lokmata Swayamsevi Sanstha Puraskar (for Vimalashram Gharkul); Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Jeevan Sadhana Award
}}

'''Ram Ingole''' is an Indian social worker based in [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Karelia |first=Gopi |date=2020-02-24 |title=For 30 Years, This Nagpur Man Has Rescued And Educated Children of Sex Workers! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/216752/nagpur-prostitution-sex-worker-children-rescue-activist-hero-india-gop94/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

==Career==
Ingole works to rehabilitate sex-workers and their children in Nagpur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-15 |title=कहाणी विमलाश्रमच्या राम इंगोलेंची |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra/story-of-ram-ingole-of-vimalashram-of-nagpur-and-pune-bharat-gayan-samaj-197713/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NYOOOZ |title=Focus on self-employment, Chandra tells youngsters {{!}} Nagpur NYOOOZ |url=https://www.nyoooz.com/news/nagpur/1088464/focus-on-selfemployment-chandra-tells-youngsters/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=NYOOOZ |language=en}}</ref> He founded an NGO called ''Amrapali Utkarsh Sangh'' in 1993.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-08 |title=Social workers for well-planned method to eradicate flesh trade |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/social-workers-for-well-planned-method-to-eradicate-flesh-trade/articleshow/46160071.cms |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karelia |first=Gopi |date=2021-01-26 |title=These 15 Changemakers Are Exactly The Ideals India's Constitution Expects of You! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/247856/republic-day-inspiring-heroes-indian-constitution-fundamental-rights-freedom-equality-education-india-gop94/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=Sex workers are victims of social ills, should be rehabilitated not evacuated - The Live Nagpur |url=https://thelivenagpur.com/2021/08/12/sex-workers-are-victims-of-social-ills-should-be-rehabilitated-not-evacuated/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gupta of Hotel The Nagpur Ashok donates Rs 21 lakh |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/12/31/Gupta-of-Hotel-The-Nagpur-Ashok-donates-Rs-21-lakh.html |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=www.thehitavada.com |language=en}}</ref> Today, some of the rehabilitated children have gone on to become lawyers and engineers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peddulwar |first=Anita |date=2018-04-27 |title=रेड लाइट एरिया के इन नौनिहालों की बदली तकदीर, कोई बना इंजीनियर कोई वकील |url=https://www.bhaskarhindi.com/state/news/education-awareness-possible-in-red-light-area-of-nagpur-city-35705 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.bhaskarhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=वारांगनांच्या निराधार चिमुकल्यांचे आयुष्य घडविणारा मसीहा Ram Ingole |url=https://www.lokmat.com/videos/?player=x874kc5 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.lokmat.com}}</ref>

Ingole runs an orphanage called ''Vimalashram Gharkul'' in Nagpur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-26 |title='Aamhi Khaas' Foundation visit to Ram Ingole's Vimalashram Gharkul |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/aamhi-khaas-foundation-visit-to-ram-ingoles-vimalashram-gharkul/04261100 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Nagpur Today : Nagpur News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=अनाथांचा बाप |url=https://www.loksatta.com/vishesh/ram-ingole-father-of-orphan-children-runs-vimalashram-an-orphanage-at-nagpur-197766/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Loksatta |language=}}</ref>

Ingole runs ''Navin Desai Residential School'' near Nagpur which provides free education to children of migrant quarry workers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2007-11-18 |title=Now, a school for quarry workers' kids |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/now-a-school-for-quarry-workers-kids/articleshow/2549203.cms |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Awards==
* Ingole received the ''Bade Dilwale Award'' in 2013 and the ''Literacy Hero Award'' in 2017.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-03-13 |title=Red FM's "Sabse Bade Dilwale" awards 2013 |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/red-fms-sabse-bade-dilwale-awards-2013/03131000 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Nagpur Today : Nagpur News |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Ingole was awarded the ''Nashikrao Tirpude Lifetime Achievement Award'' in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watan |first=Divya |date=2024-01-18 |title=राम इंगोले यांना स्व. श्री. नाशिकराव तिरपुडे जीवनगौरव पुरस्कार |url=https://divyawatan.com/18/01/2024/nagpur/757/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Divya Watam |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Ingole received the ''Lokmata Swayamsevi Sanstha Puraskar'' on behalf of ''Vimlashram Gharkul'' in 2019.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2019-12-26 |title=Mayor lauds SmitaKolhe, Rambhau Ingole for service to needy, deprived |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/mayor-lauds-kolhe-ingole-for-service-to-needy-deprived/articleshow/72971661.cms |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* Ingole has also been felicitated by the Nagpur Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-02-14 |title=NMC to felicitate prominent Nagpurians today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nmc-to-felicitate-prominent-nagpurians-today/articleshow/7490213.cms?_gl=1*1uk0087*_ga*MTAwNTM3MTExMi4xNzE0MjY1ODI5*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcxNDI2NTgyOS4xLjEuMTcxNDI2NTg5MC42MC4wLjA.#_ga=2.93141917.1298093306.1714265829-1005371112.1714265829 |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* Ingole has received the ''Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Jeevan Sadhana Award''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UGC committed to making education student-centric: Dr Patwardhan |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/8/5/UGC-committed-to-making-education-student-centric-Dr-Patwardhan.amp.html |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=www.thehitavada.com}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingole, Ram}}
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Aaruguru Pativratalu

2026-03-03T21:57:07Z

Veirdo: done...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aaruguru Pativratalu
| image = Aaruguru Pativratalu.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| writer = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Janardhana Maharshi]]
}}
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = E. V. V. Satyanarayana
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Krishna Koushik
*Anand
*[[Ravi Varma Adduri|Ravi Varma]]
*Ajay Raj
*Ajay
*Varun
*Shanti Rao
*Lahari
*Neetha
*Vidya
*Haarika
*Amrutha
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Trinetra
| editing = V. Nagi Reddy
| music = Kamalakar
| studio = [[E. V. V. Cinema]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2004|2|6}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Aaruguru Pativratalu''''' (transl. Six Chastes) is a 2004 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language romantic drama film directed by [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]. The film stars forty-two newcomers including 6 heroes, 6 heroines, 6 comedy artists and 6 child artists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2003 |title=EVV wants '6 Pativratalu' |url=https://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news241.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609005610/https://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news241.html |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Six friends reunite after six years when one of them is about to get married. They all sit down and discuss the pros and cons of their marital life with her.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Krishna Koushik
*Anand
*[[Ravi Varma Adduri|Ravi Varma]]
*Ajay Raj
*Ajay
*Varun
*Shanti Rao
*Lahari
*Neetha
*Vidya Vathi
*Haarika
*Amrutha Anandamayi as Seetha<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiran |first=Ravi |date=10 January 2023 |title=Tollywood: 'ఆరుగురు పతివ్రతలు' హీరోయిన్ ఇప్పుడేం చేస్తుందో తెలుసా.? ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/do-you-know-about-aaruguru-pathivrathalu-fame-amrutha-anandamayi-real-life-here-is-the-detail-au20-865377.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609082636/https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/do-you-know-about-aaruguru-pathivrathalu-fame-amrutha-anandamayi-real-life-here-is-the-detail-au20-865377.html |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=[[TV9 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
*[[Chalapati Rao]] as Pativratalu's mentor
*[[L. B. Sriram]]
}}

==Soundtrack==
The film notably features no songs and has a score by Kamalakar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2004 |title=100 trailers for '6guru Pativratalu' |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news244.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609005611/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news244.html |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "EVV should do films that suits his strength than venturing into alien territories".<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2004 |title=Movie review – Aruguru Pativratalu |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-arugurupativratalu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609005609/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-arugurupativratalu.html |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> The film failed at box-office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news248.html|title=2 more comedies from EVV|website=Idlebrain|access-date=26 November 2024|date=6 May 2004}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2004 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by E. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2004 Indian films]]

Devaraya (film)

2026-03-03T17:43:22Z

Veirdo: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Devaraya
| image = Devaraya Movie Wallpaper.jpg
| writer = Veerababu Basina
| screenplay = Ravireddy Mallu
| starring = [[Meka Srikanth|Srikanth]] [[Meenakshi Dixit]] [[Vidisha (actress)|Vidisha]]
| director = Rajulapati Venkata Krishna Rao (Nani Krishna)
| cinematography = Poorna
| producer = Kiran Jakkam Shetty Rajulapati Venkata Krishna Rao (Nani Krishna)
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| distributor = Nani Gadi Cinema Sunray International Cinema
| country = India
| released = {{Film date|2012|12|07|df=y}}
| runtime = 131 minutes
| language = Telugu
| music = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Devaraya''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[fantasy film|fantasy-comedy]] film starring [[Meka Srikanth|Srikanth]], [[Meenakshi Dixit]] and [[Vidisha (actress)|Vidisha]] in the lead roles directed by Nani Krishna and Produced by Kiran Jakkam Shetty & Nani Krishna. [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]] composed the score and soundtrack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/srikanths-socio-fantasy-flick-devaraya-on-16th.html|title=Srikanth's socio fantasy flick Devaraya on 16th|date=9 November 2012 |publisher=123telugu.com|accessdate=}}</ref> The film was released worldwide on 7 December 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=suresh|first=m|title=Devaraya release date|url=http://playingin.com/Srikanth-Devaraya-Movie.html|work=Movie release date|publisher=playin in|accessdate=4 December 2012}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=January 2022}}

==Cast==
* [[Meka Srikanth|Srikanth]] as Sri Krishna Devaraya / Dora Babu
* [[Meenakshi Dixit]] as Sunanda
* [[Vidisha Srivastava]] as Swapna
* [[Radha Kumari]]
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]]
* [[M. S. Narayana]]
* [[Mannava Balayya|M. Balayya]] as Mahamamthri Thimmarusu
* [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]]
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]
* [[Sivaji Raja]]
* [[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]]
* [[Raghu Karumanchi]] as Dorababu

==Production==
The film was launched in Hyderabad on 31 August 2011. [[Meka Srikanth|Srikanth]] will be seen in a double role of Sri Krishna Devaraya, a famous Indian emperor known for his contributions in terms of arts and literature and Dora Babu, a reckless, irresponsible, hedonistic person in an undistinguished village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/86906.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116102901/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/86906.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 January 2014|title=Srikanth's eerie claim in Devaraya|website=IndiaGlitz|accessdate=6 October 2012}}</ref> [[Meenakshi Dixit]], who was last seen in an item song in Mahesh Babu's ''Dookudu'' is playing the female lead in the film. She appears as a princess alongside Srikanth in it and she felt lucky to essay this role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/meenakshi-dixit-play-princess-srikanth-devaraya-099779.html|title=Meenakshi Dixit playing princess in Srikanth's Devaraya - Oneindia Entertainment|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/tollywood/meenakshi-play-princess-868|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925031542/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/tollywood/meenakshi-play-princess-868|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 September 2012|title=Meenakshi to play a princess|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|accessdate=24 September 2012}}</ref> [[Kanishka Soni]] sizzled in the item song "Bavlu" in this movie.<ref>{{cite news|last=kanishka soni|first=item song baavlu|title=kanishka in devaraya|url=http://timesofap.com/cinema/srikanth-devaraya-movie-audio-release-in-june.html|accessdate=15 January 2014|newspaper=times of ap}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Devaraya
| type = Soundtrack
| longtype = to Devaraya
| artist = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 12 September 2012
| recorded = 2011–2012
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]
| prev_title = '[[Srimannarayana]]'
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = [[Denikaina Ready]]
| next_year = 2012
}}
The audio release event of Devaraya was a grand event, which witnessed the presence of Meenakshi Deekshith, Vidisha, Kottaplly Subbaraidu, Prasanna Kumar, Sagar, Tammareddy Bharadwaja, Girish Reddy, Poorna, Sammetta Gandhi, Madhav, Ravi Kumar Chavali, Chakri, Sanvi, Puppala Ramesh, Sivaji Raja, KVV Satyanarayana and many others.

Prominent actor [[Pawan Kalyan]] attended the audio launch of Devaraya, which was held at a private auditorium in Hyderabad on 12 September 2012. Pawan Kalyan unveiled the audio CD's amidst huge fanfare and handed it over to AP State minister Ghanta Srinivasa Rao. Later, Pawan Kalyan addressed the music launch function of Devaraya and said that Srikanth is very close to his brother Chiranjeevi and has an extremely high regard for him. He had seen the trailers of the movie and was impressed with it. He wished the entire team good luck and hoped that the music of the film will be a chartbuster.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/pawan-kalyan-release-srikanth-devaraya-audio-099397.html|title=Pawan Kalyan releases Srikanth's Devaraya audio - Oneindia Entertainment|publisher=Oneindia Entertainment|access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Sri Krishnaraya
| note1 =
| lyrics1 = [[Venigalla Rambabu]]
| extra1 = [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]]
| length1 = 02:38
| title2 = Halale Halale
| note2 =
| lyrics2 = [[Kandikonda]]
| extra2 = Vinod Kaapu, Adarshini
| length2 = 04:28
| title3 = Nickker Vesinappudu
| note3 =
| lyrics3 = Paidisetti
| extra3 = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]], [[Anjana Sowmya]]
| length3 = 04:37
| title4 = Bavalu
| note4 =
| lyrics4 = Balaji
| extra4 = [[Neha Kakkar|Neha]]
| length4 = 03:39
| title5 = Guchi Guchi
| note5 =
| lyrics5 = Praveen Lakma
| extra5 = Hari, [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]]
| length5 = 05:37
| title6 = Chakkerakeli
| note6 =
| lyrics6 = Karunakar
| extra6 = Venu Srirangam, Malavika, Phani, Simha
| length6 = 04:20
| title7 = Neerajanam
| note7 =
| lyrics7 = Venigalla Rambabu
| extra7 = Kousalya
| length7 = 02:14
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt2693174}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Indian historical comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:2012 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chakri]]
[[Category:2010s historical comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s fantasy comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:2012 comedy films]]

A Scandall

2026-03-02T09:42:38Z

Veirdo: put up...

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = A Scandall
| image = A Scandall.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Ishan Shrivedi
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Reeth Mazumder
*[[Manav Kaul]]
* Johnny Baweja
*Puru Chibber
*Vasundhara Kaul
*[[Tanvi Vyas]]}}
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = Bapi-Tutul Ikka Arko Amjad Nadeem
| studio = Let’s Ring The Bell Productions<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/watch-the-bold-and-sensational-trailer-of-a-scandall-809974|title=Watch the BOLD and SENSATIONAL Trailer of 'A Scandall'|work=[[ABP News]]|date=8 June 2016|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=26 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126081928/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/watch-the-bold-and-sensational-trailer-of-a-scandall-809974|url-status=live}}</ref>
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|6|24|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-scandall-preview-hindi-movie-20801|title=A Scandall Preview|date=24 June 2016|work=Indiaglitz|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926012143/https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-scandall-preview-hindi-movie-20801|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 111 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''A Scandall''''' is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language erotic murder mystery film<ref name="N">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/a-scandall-makers-have-no-issues-with-cuts-by-censor-board-2844856/|title=A Scandall makers have no issues with cuts by Censor Board|date=10 June 2016|work=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|via=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=27 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927221803/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/a-scandall-makers-have-no-issues-with-cuts-by-censor-board-2844856/|url-status=live}}</ref> directed by Ishan Shrivedi and starring Reeth Mazumder, [[Manav Kaul]], Johnny Baweja, Puru Chibber, Vasundhara Kaul and [[Tanvi Vyas]].

== Plot ==
A group of friends wants to make a film when an issue arises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/johnny-baweja-and-manav-kauls-a-scandall-is-an-adult-murder-thriller-watch-trailer-tamil-news-160516|title=Johny Baweja's erotic thriller 'A Scandall' trailer released: Watch|date=7 June 2016|work=Indiaglitz|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=26 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126081853/https://www.indiaglitz.com/johnny-baweja-and-manav-kauls-a-scandall-is-an-adult-murder-thriller-watch-trailer-tamil-news-160516|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*Reeth Mazumder as Koya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magzter.com/stories/Lifestyle/enlighten-india/A-Scandall-actress-Reeth-Mazumder-moved-to-North-America-a-few-years-ago-after-giving-two-back-to-back-releases-of-a-Hindi-Film-and-a-Bengali-film|title=A Scandall actress Reeth Mazumder moved to North America a few years ago after giving two back-to-back releases of a Hindi Film and a Bengali film.|work=[[Magzter]]|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=26 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126081947/https://www.magzter.com/stories/Lifestyle/enlighten-india/A-Scandall-actress-Reeth-Mazumder-moved-to-North-America-a-few-years-ago-after-giving-two-back-to-back-releases-of-a-Hindi-Film-and-a-Bengali-film|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Manav Kaul]] as Manav
* Johnny Baweja as Vidhu
*Puru Chibber as Prabal
*Vasundhara Kaul as Asmi
*[[Tanvi Vyas]] as Anshu
*Sareh<ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-28/Theatre-helped-me-grow-as-an-actor-Sareh/238097|title=Theatre helped me grow as an actor: Sareh|first=Sashidhar|last=Adivi|date=28 June 2016|website=[[The Hans India]]|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715045705/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-28/Theatre-helped-me-grow-as-an-actor-Sareh/238097|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Production ==
Johnny Baweja, cousin of [[Harman Baweja]] made his debut with this film.<ref name="N"/> This film marks the feature film debut of Sareh, who acted in a few television shows.<ref name="H"/> The film was given an [[Central_Board_of_Film_Certification#Certificates_and_guidelines|A certificate]] with some scenes edited out and some audio muted.<ref name="N"/>

== Soundtrack ==
The music for the film is composed by [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]], [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee|Arko]], Amjad Nadeem.{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 11:03
| title1 = Long Night
| length1 = 4:01
| lyrics1 = [[Intense]]
| music1 = [[Ikka Singh]], [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee|Arko]]
| extra1 = Shivangi Bhayana, [[Ikka Singh]]
| title2 = Labon Se
| length2 = 3:55
| lyrics2 = [[Sameer Anjaan]]
| music2 = Amjad Nadeem
| extra2 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Sukriti Kakar]]
| title3 = Labon Se 2.0
| length3 = 3:55
| lyrics3 = Sameer Anjaan
| music3 = Amjad Nadeem
| extra3 = Jubin Nautiyal, [[Shivranjani Singh]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film was not screened in multi-screen theatres and only survived off of [[word of mouth]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/reeth-mazumder-multiplexes-should-give-space-to-smaller-films-too/articleshow/52972577.cms|title=Reeth Mazumder: Multiplexes should give space to smaller films too|date=28 January 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=16 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316214746/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Reeth-Mazumder-Multiplexes-should-give-space-to-smaller-films-too/articleshow/52972577.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film {{Fraction|1|1|2}} out of 5 stars and wrote that "The forced love triangle replete with inconsequential kissing scenes and steamy songs is unnecessary. The film tries to bite off more than it can chew".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/a-scandall/movie-review/52887889.cms|title=A SCANDALL MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Renuka|last=Vyavahare|date=24 June 2016|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924062700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/a-scandall/movie-review/52887889.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "the film is amateurishly handled and although a mish-mash of genres it definitely tilts towards sleaze".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/a-scandall-confused-narrative-ians-review-rating-116062500435_1.html|title='A Scandall': Confused narrative (IANS Review, Rating: *)|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=[[Business Standard]]|date=25 June 2016|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213043308/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/a-scandall-confused-narrative-ians-review-rating-116062500435_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''Cinestaan'' wrote that "On the whole, ''A Scandall'' scandalizes you with the complete absence of logic".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2016/jun/24/1136/a-scandall-review-the-absence-of-logic-is-scandalizing|title=A Scandall review: The absence of logic is scandalizing|last=Seta|first=Keyur|date=24 June 2016|work=Cinestaan|access-date=13 December 2022|archive-date=13 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213041806/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2016/jun/24/1136/a-scandall-review-the-absence-of-logic-is-scandalizing|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|5780570}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scandall, A}}
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian erotic thriller films]]
[[Category:Erotic mystery films]]

M. M. Abdul Hameed

2026-03-01T14:53:17Z

Veirdo:

{{short description|Indian industrialist}}
{{Indian patronymic|Abdul Hameed|Manadath Mackar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. M. Abdul Hameed
| image = M._M._Abdul_Hameed.png
| alt = 
| caption =
| other_names = Hameed Pillay
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|11|02|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Alwaye]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1971|09|04|1914|11|02}}
| death_place = [[Alwaye]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = Industrialist Philanthropist Exporter
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse = A. A. Amina Umma
| children = 9
| mother = Ishumma Tharackandathil
| father = [[M. K. Mackar Pillay]]
}}
'''Manadath Mackar Pillay Abdul Hameed''' (2 November 1914 – 4 September 1971) was an Indian industrialist, banker, and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 September 1971|title=Prominent industrialist M. M. Abdul Hameed dead|work=The New Indian Express|publication-place=Cochin|oclc=243883379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=5 September 1971|title=എം. എം. അബ്ദുൽ ഹമീദ് നിര്യാതനായി|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|issn=0972-0022}}</ref> He was a leading [[cashew]] and [[Cymbopogon|lemongrass]] exporter, and an early supporter and patron of the [[Muslim Educational Society]], which was founded by his son-in-law [[P. K. Abdul Gafoor]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=2 November 2017|title=കാലം മറക്കാത്ത കർമയാഗി|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|issn=2347-8497}}</ref>

Hameed also served as the managing director of the Bank of Alwaye, [[Aluva|Alwaye Municipality]]'s primary financial institution, before it was merged into the [[State Bank of Travancore]] in 1965.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=SBT Red Herring Prospectus|url=http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/sbtravancore.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110152044/http://www.sebi.gov.in/dp/sbtravancore.pdf|archive-date=10 January 2017|access-date=2017-04-01|website=SEBI|language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Abdul Hameed was born to [[M. K. Mackar Pillay]], a prominent [[Aluva]] industrialist and politician, as the second of three sons.<ref name=":2" />

In 1935, Hameed became a partner of M. K. Mackar Pillay & Sons, one of the largest trading firms in the [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]]. The company was the first to challenge the [[monopoly]] of British trading firms in the [[Malabar Coast|Malabar coast]] by directly exporting [[essential oil]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=റയോൺസിൻ്റെ സൈറൺ മുഴങ്ങുന്നു, "പ്രത്യാശയിലേക്ക് "|url=https://newswaves.in/ryonkins-siren-sounded-hopefully/|access-date=2020-06-19|website=NewsWaves|language=en-US}}</ref> When the firm was incorporated as Mackar Pillay & Sons Limited in 1941, Hameed became managing director.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=5 September 1971|title=എം. എം. അബ്ദുൽ ഹമീദ് അന്തരിച്ചു|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|issn=0972-0022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdul Hameed, Manadath Mackar Pillay}}
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Aluva]]
[[Category:Manadath family]]
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Palani

2026-02-28T16:37:34Z

Veirdo:

{{Redirect|Pazhani|the films|Pazhani (1965 film)|and|Pazhani (2008 film)}}
{{About|the pilgrim city in Tamil Nadu, India|the temple|Palani Murugan Temple|the village in Iran|Palani, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palani
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Palani Montage.png
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top left: Gopuram of [[Palani Murugan temple]], [[Winch]] pulled car climbing uphill, Vaiyapuri Pond, View of temple atop the hill
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Palani, Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|10.450000|N|77.516100|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kongu Nadu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kongu Nadu |url=http://www.coimbatore.com/kongunadu |website=coimbatore.com |access-date=3 December 2019}}</ref>
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Special Grade Municipality
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 341
| population_total = 70467
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2011census/>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 624 601
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04545
| registration_plate = '''TN''' '''94'''
| website = {{URL|palanimurugantemple.org}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

[[File:Palani Town.jpg|thumb|270x270px|'''View of Palani Town''']]

'''Palani''' or '''Pazhani''' ({{IPA|ta|paɻani|lang}}) is a town in [[Dindigul district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in [[India]]. It is located about {{convert|60|km|mi}} west of [[Dindigul]], {{convert|106|km|mi}} south-east of [[Coimbatore]], {{convert|122|km|mi}} north-west of [[Madurai]], {{convert|67|km|mi}} from Kodaikanal. The [[Palani Murugan Temple]] or Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple (Thiru Avinankudi), dedicated to Murugan is situated on a hill overlooking the town. The temple is visited by more than 7 million pilgrims each year. As of 2011, the town had a population of 70,467 and the Taluk had a population of 292,301<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/tamil-nadu/dindigul/palani-population.html#google_vignette | title=Palani Population (2021/2022), Taluk Village List in Dindigul, Tamil Nadu }}</ref> which makes it the second largest town in the district after Dindigul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, Palani {{!}} Dindigul District {{!}} India |url=https://dindigul.nic.in/tourist-place/arulmigu-dhandayuthapani-swamy-temple-palani/ |access-date=2022-06-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The town derives its name from the compounding of two [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words ''palam'' meaning ''fruit'' and ''nee'' meaning ''you'', a reference to poet [[Avvaiyar (Sangam poet)|Avvaiyar]]'s song praising [[Kartikeya|Muruga]] which forms part of the [[Palani Murugan Temple#Mythology|legend]] of the Palani Murugan temple. But the actual correct word is பழம்நீர் which means place surrounded by fruit with water (Coconut and Palm trees). The word கழனி which is similar in name, both gives agricultural meanings, here கழனி means வயல் (field).

==History==
[[File:Tamil Inscriptions Pazhani.jpg|thumb|left|Tamil Inscriptions at Pazhani Temple]]
References to the place exist in ancient Tamil devotional texts. According to Hindu mythology, "Sage [[Narada]] once visited the celestial court of Shiva at [[Mount Kailash]] to present to Him a fruit, the [[Jnana Palam|''jnana-palam'']] (literally, the fruit of knowledge), that held in it the elixir of wisdom. Upon Shiva expressing his intention of dividing the fruit between his two sons, [[Ganesha]] and [[Muruga|Murugan]], the sage counselled against cutting it. He decided to award it to whoever of his two sons first circled the world thrice. Accepting the challenge, Murugan started his journey around the globe on his mount peacock. However, Ganesha, who surmised that the world was no more than his parents Shiva and [[Shakti]] combined, circumambulated them".<ref>{{cite web|title=Dhandapani Murugan Kovil|url=http://tamilnadu.com/temples/dhandapani-murugan-kovil.html|website=tamilnadu.com|publisher=General Interactive, LLC|access-date=28 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307142728/http://tamilnadu.com/temples/dhandapani-murugan-kovil.html|archive-date=7 March 2013}}</ref> Pleased with their son's discernment, Shiva awarded the fruit to Ganesha. When Murugan returned, he was furious to learn that his efforts had been in vain. He left Kailash and took up his abode in Palani hills in South India. It is believed that Murugan felt the need to get matured from boyhood and hence chose to remain as a hermit and discarded all his robes and ornaments. He went into meditation to know about himself.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Palani and most of [[Dindigul district]] were part of the [[Kongu Nadu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kongu Nadu Areas|url=https://www.tn.gov.in/district_details/575 |access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> region of the Tamil country. The northern part of the Palani and [[Oddanchatram]] taluks is held to have been part of the Anda Nadu sub-region, whereas the rest of the area constituted the Vaikapuri Nadu. The area was under the influence of the rulers of Coimbatore and Madurai, at various points of time. In the 18th century, [[Hyder Ali]] and his son, [[Tippu Sultan|Tipu Sultan]] ruled over the place before being annexed the British after the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]].

==Temples==
{{main|Palani Murugan temple}}
[[File:Thiru Avinan Kudi Kulandhai Velappar Temple.jpg|thumb|Thiru Avinan Kudi Temple]]

Palani is home to one of the most sacred shrines of the Murugan, as worshiped in the Hindu sect of ''[[Kaumaram]]''. The Thandayudhapani Temple dedicated to Murugan "Palani Andavar", and regarded one of his ''Arupadai Veedu'' (Six Battle Camps), is situated here.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamilnadu.com/temples/dhandapani-murugan-kovil.html |title=Dhandapani Murugan Kovil |publisher=Tamilnadu.com |date=5 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307142728/http://tamilnadu.com/temples/dhandapani-murugan-kovil.html |archive-date=7 March 2013 }}</ref> The temple is situated atop a hill known as Sivagiri. The ''Garbagriham'' is surmounted by a gold ''gopuram'' and the walls of the Garbagriham have numerous stone inscriptions describing offerings made by devotees to the temple. Steps are hewn into the rock, besides a wide path meant for the ascent of elephants, up the hill. In addition, a [[winch]] pulled railway with three tracks and a [[Cableway|rope way]] are operational. A temple is dedicated to Murugan near the foot of the hill by the name of ''Thiru Avinan kudi'' which actually forms a part of the six abodes of Murugan ([[Arupadaiveedu]]). It is also called as Kulandai Velayudhaswami Thirukkovil.<ref>{{cite book|title=Palani: The Hill Temple of Muruga|author=Cōmale|publisher=Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, 1975|page=23}}</ref>

Besides this, right at the foot of the Sivagiri is a small shrine dedicated to the god [[Ganapathi]], where he goes by the name ''Pada Vinayakar''. It is customary amongst the pilgrims to pay their obeisances at this shrine before commencing their ascent of the hill.

Halfway up the hill, there is the [[Idumban]] shrine where every pilgrim is expected to offer obeisance to Idumban before entering the temple of Dandayudhapani. The practice of Pilgrims to Palani bringing their offerings on their shoulders in a [[Kavadi Aattam|kavadi]] is associated with the legend of Idumban.

Within the town is another temple dedicated to the Goddess [[Parvathi]] as ''Periyanayaki Amman''. Near the Periya Nayaki Amman temple are two others – the ''Mariyamman'' Temple and the ''Perumal'' Temple. The former is particularly resorted to in times of epidemics, the goddess there being regarded as the protector against illnesses.

A short distance from the town is a temple dedicated to Shiva as ''Periya Avudaiyar''.

The Kannadi Perumal Temple, dedicated to Vishnu, is a small temple situated on a hillock 9 km south of Palani, a short distance from the highway to Kodaikanal.

[[File:Gopuramgold.JPG|thumb|200px|Gold plated Gopuram]]

==Geography==
{{main|Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park}}
The backdrop to the town is formed by an offshoot of the [[Western Ghats]], the [[Palani Hills]], whereon lies the hill-station of [[Kodaikanal]]. The view within the town is dominated by the two hills, Sivagiri and Sakthigiri, on the former of which lies the temple. At the foot of the hills lie several lakes which drain to the Shanmuganathi river, a tributary of the [[Amaravathi River]] (itself a tributary of the [[Kaveri River]]), which takes its source on the slopes of the Palani Hills. The nearest towns are [[Oddanchatram]], [[Dharapuram]], [[Udumalaipettai]], [[Kodaikanal]].
[[File:Varadhamanadhi Dam.jpg|thumb|Varadhamanadhi Dam]]

==Demographics==
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Palani had a population of 292,301 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 6,467 were under the age of six, constituting 3,283 males and 3,184 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 16.57% and 0.23% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 78.95%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 19,015 households. There were a total of 27,150 workers, comprising 372 cultivators, 1,277 main agricultural labourers, 763 in house hold industries, 23,478 other workers, 1,260 marginal workers, 40 marginal cultivators, 68 marginal agricultural labourers, 107 marginal workers in household industries and 1,045 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Palani|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=690511|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Palani had 90.58% [[Hindus]], 7.63% [[Muslims]], 1.44% [[Christians]], 0.01% [[Sikhs]], 0.01% [[Buddhists]], 0.42% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|90.58}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|7.63}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.44}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.46}}}}

==Transportation==

===Roadway===
[[File:Palani Bus Stand.jpg|thumb|Central bus station, Palani]]
National Highway [[NH 83]] connects [[Coimbatore]] to [[Nagapattinam]] via Palani
[[Tiruchirappalli]] [[Thanjavur]]. Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Limited [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]] buses connect the town to other parts of the state. [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] buses connecting places like [[Kottayam]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Guruvayur]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Thrissur]], [[Palakkad]], and [[kottarakara]] are available at particular interval of time from Palani bus stand. 24 hours buses are available on all three main roads (via [[Dharapuram]], [[Oddanchatram]] and [[Udumalaipettai]])

===Railway===
{{main|Palani railway station}}
Station Code :PLNI, Palani is a part of the [[Coimbatore]]-[[Rameswaram]] BG line prior to the commencing of gauge conversion. On 20 November 2012, the Dindigul-Palani section of the line was completed, and the [[Palani railway station|local railway station]] opened to railway traffic again. Currently there are passenger trains are crossing from [[Madurai]], [[Thiruchendur]] to [[Coimbatore]], [[Palakkad]]. And a daily [[Palani Express|express train]] available between Palakkad Junction to [[Chennai Central|Chennai]]. Recently Amritha express running from Rameswaram to Thiruvananthapuram via [[Madurai Junction]], [[Dindigul]], Palani, [[Pollachi]], [[Palakkad]], [[Thrissur]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Kottayam]], [[Kollam]].

===Airway===
The nearest major airports are [[Coimbatore International Airport]] located {{convert|100|km|mi}} from Palani and [[Madurai International Airport]] located at {{convert|130|km|mi}} from Palani. Tiruchirappalli International Airport is the next nearest, 164 km from Palani.

==References==
{{Wikivoyage|Palani}}
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

==See also==

* [[Sacred mountains#India|Sacred mountains of India]]

* [[Kalthurai]]
* [[Palani (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Vibhuti]]
{{Adjacent communities
| Centre = Palani
| North =[[Tiruppur]]
| Northeast = [[Karur]], [[Tiruchirappalli]]
| East = [[Dindigul]]
| Southeast = [[Madurai]]
| South = [[Sivakasi]]
| Southwest =
| West =
| Northwest = [[Coimbatore]]
}}
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Dindigul District}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Dindigul district]]
[[Category:Palayam]]

Nachhattar

2026-02-13T13:43:52Z

Veirdo: started data.

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
'''Nachhattar''' is an Indian writer of [[Punjabi literature]]. He won the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Punjabi|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2017 for his novel ''Slow Down''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=..:: SAHITYA : Akademi Awards ::.. |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#PUNJABI |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2017 |title=Sahitya Akedemi Awards 2017 announced for 24 writers in 24 Indian languages |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/sahitya-akademi-awards-2017-1112589-2017-12-22 |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Nachhattar was born in a dalit family in [[Barnala district]], [[Punjab, India]]. He worked as a factory worker after completing his matriculation. He went on to work as a clerk at [[Punjab Agricultural University]] while continuing his studies.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2017 |title=Nachhatar gets Sahitya Akademi award for Punjabi novel, Megh for Hindi criticism |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/nachhattar-gets-sahitya-akademi-for-his-punjabi-novel-slow-down/story-RtH5UmpiOd3kAqjjyjo5HP.html |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He became a bank manager in Delhi and started living there.<ref name=":0" />

He wrote the novel ''Slow Down'' in 2012 about the recession in the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=11 December 2020 |title=Another writer to return Sahitya Akademi Award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/another-writer-to-return-sahitya-akademi-award/articleshow/79669445.cms |access-date=4 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> for which he won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2017. In 2020, he announced his intention to return the award<ref name=":1" /> in support of the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|2020-2021 Indian farmers' protest]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2020 |title=Punjabi poet Surjit Patar returns Padma Shri over Centre's attitude towards farmers' demands |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/punjabi-poet-surjit-patar-returns-padma-shri-over-centre-s-attitude-towards-farmers-demands-1747516-2020-12-07 |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Punjabi]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Panskura

2026-02-11T12:09:31Z

Veirdo: refined details and updated info as per guidelines

{{About|the town in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake community development block|Panskura (community development block)|2 its namesake parliamentary constituency|Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panskura
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = File:Valley of Flowers in Doranda, Panskura.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Valley of Flowers in Panskura CD block
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.417|N|87.700|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = {{bulleted list|Panskura Municipality|Haldia Development Authority}}
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 17.04
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Panskura Info|url=http://panskuramunicipality.org/about-municipality/|access-date=24 November 2020|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514135909/http://panskuramunicipality.org/about-municipality/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 7
| population_total = 57,932
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code = 721139
| area_code_type = Pin code
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|38|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|panskuramunicipality.org/}}
{{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[English language|English]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Panskura Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panskura Paschim]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|9|°C|°F}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Panskura''' is a town and municipality in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is situated on the river bank of Kangsabati [[Kangsabati River]] (variously known as Kasai and Cossye).

==Etymology==
{{Unencyclopedic tone|section|date=September 2023}}

* According to many references, the name Panskura have been originated from the word "Panchkoora". The king of Kasijora once gave some land to the poet Nityanand Chakrabarty at the time of his 'Diksha'. This evidence is found in the book of Manikram Gangopadhyay's 'Shitala Mangal' – 'Panchakurya jami dilo karya bramhottar'. The meaning of 'Pancha' is five and 'kurya' means the amount of land situated in a river valley. It is actually a Persi term. The name 'Panskura' has come from this 'Panchakurya' through evolution.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&dq=Shitala+Mangal+kabya+writer&pg=PA224|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850|isbn=9788125014539|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Sujit|year=1998}}</ref> Like the term [[Kenjakura]] in Bankura which is also a place situated near a river Dwarkeswar.

* 'East India Irrigation and Canal Company', in 1852, dug Midnapur Canal for the cultivation, communication and trade from [[Uluberia]] to [[Mohanpur, Paschim Medinipur|Mohanpur]],. According to Regional History researcher Shyamal Bera, "The steamers transported through the Midnapore canal and came to [[Kangsabati]] (now South Gopalpur Mouza) and used to throw 'Pans' [ashes] and collects 'Kura' [fuel]. Since then, the name of the area seems to have been formed into Panskua [Pans+Kura]."

* There is a mention of 'Punchcoora School' in English at [[Panskura Bradley Birt High School]]'s guards' badge which was established in 1864 at Sadarghat, Panskura. In addition, during the British period, the collector Bailey Sahib of Midnapore told about Kansabati coastal area in his written 'Memoranda of Midnapur' in 1852. This area is referred to as 'Panchkura Ghat'. Later, the name of the entire Kasijora pargana was changed to the name of Panskura. Panskura Ghat does not exist anymore. However, the area adjoining lock-gate which was built 1896 is still known as Sadar Ghat. The present-day Old Panskura was formed adjoining the area of Sadar Ghat.

* According to some people the name of Panskura came from Pashangara. Because of irrigation in the past, Lockh-gate or 'Pashang' was built in this area of Midnapore Canal. The place adjacent to the lock-gate was called 'Pashangara'. The name 'Panskura' came from this 'Pasangara'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rupeshsamanta.blogspot.com/2018/05/history-of-panskura-wb-india-part-1.html | title =HISTORY OF PANSKURA [WB, INDIA] [PART-1] | date =31 May 2018 |publisher= Rupesh Samantha }}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|17|0|N|87|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Tamluk subdivision of Purba Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|18|0|N|87|55|12|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Tamluk | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Tamluk]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|24|35|N|87|42|0|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Panskura| numbered2=M| mark-title2= Panskura (M)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black 
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|26|5|N|87|52|12|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Kolaghat | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Kolaghat]] (CT)|shape-color3=#C40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|53|35|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Amalhara | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Amalhara]] (CT)|shape-color4=#C40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|26|20|N|87|50|37|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Mihitikri | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Mihitikri]] (CT)|shape-color5=#C40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|51|4|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Kharisha | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Kharisha]] (CT)|shape-color6=#C40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|24|30|N|87|52|42|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Kakdihi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Kakdihi]] (CT)|shape-color7=#C40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|23|40|N|87|52|7|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Shantipur | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Shantipur, Purba Medinipur]] (CT)|shape-color8=#C40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|19|30|N|87|48|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Anantapur | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Anantapur, Purba Medinipur]] (CT)|shape-color9=#C40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|19|12|N|87|49|48|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Dakshin Baguan | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Dakshin Baguan]] (CT)|shape-color10=#C40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|14|57|N|87|47|43|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Goasafat | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Goasafat]] (CT)|shape-color11=#C40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|7|30|N|87|48|43|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Kotbar | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Kotbar]] (CT)|shape-color12=#C40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|5|10|N|87|52|19|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Erashal | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Erashal]] (CT)|shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|22|45|N|87|52|41|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Chatara| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Chatara]] (R)|shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|28|5|N|87|41|14|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Shyamsundarpur Patna| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Shyamsundarpur Patna]] (R)|shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|25|28|N|87|44|21|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Uttar Mechogram| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Uttar Mechogram]] (R)|shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|21|38|N|87|53|30|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Janu Basan| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Janu Basan]] (R)|shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|14|0|N|87|47|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Moyna| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Moyna, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|11|19|N|87|55|8|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Nandakumar| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|5|31|N|87|51|22|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Chandipur| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Chandipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|16|42|N|87|54|11|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Chak Srikrishnapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Chak Srikrishnapur]] (R)|shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|10|30|N|87|53|47|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Bhabanipur| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bhabanipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|22.3923|N|87.9426|E}}| label23=Rupnarayan| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=80| label-pos23=right| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|27|5|N|87|44|10|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Dakshin Maynadal| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Dakshin Maynadal]] (H)| shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|26|15|N|87|44|49|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Purbba Gopalpur| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Purbba Gopalpur]] (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666}}

===Location===
Panskura is located at {{Coord|22.42|N|87.7|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Panskura.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Panskura]</ref> It has an average elevation of 7 metres (26 feet). It is situated on the NH6 on the way from [[Kolkata]] to [[Kharagpur]].

==Climate==
The climate follows a hot tropical [[monsoon]] weather pattern. Summers last from mid-April to mid-June with diurnal highs ranging from the upper 30s °C to the mid-40s °C and lows in the low 30s°C in the winter. In summer daily heat is often followed by evening rains known as ''kalboishakhis'' or dust-storms (''loo''). Monsoon rains can last from mid-June to late August with rains from the southeast [[monsoon]] contributing the lion's share of the annual rainfall of around 1600 mm. Winters last for 2 to 3 months and are mild; typical lows are from 6 °C – 14 °C. Panskura has considerably lesser particulate pollution due its comparatively lesser and satisfactory [[air quality index]]. [https://airpollutionapi.com/aqi/india/west-bengal/panskura]

==Urbanisation==
94.08% of the population of Tamluk subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 5.92% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the second-lowest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Medinipur district, just above Egra subdivision.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 April 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Panskura had a total population of 57,932 of which 29,740 (51%) were males and 28,192 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 6,943. The total number of literates in Panskura was 43,326 (84.97% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 July 2016 }}</ref>
===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Panskura (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value2 = 4.2
|color2 = red
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value1 = 91.3
|color1 = green
|label3 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|value3 = 2.3
|color3 = brown
|label4 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
|value4 = 0.5
|color4 = orange
|label5 = Others
|value5= 0.2
|color5 = black
label6 = Khortha/Khotta
|value6= 1.5
|color6= voilet
}}

==Police station==
Panskura police station has jurisdiction over Panskura (municipality) and [[Panskura (community development block)|Panskura]] CD Block. Panskura police station covers an area of 285 km2 with a population of 350,000.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 10 November 2016 |url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |archive-date = 29 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://emdp.co.in/detailstation/PANSKURA |title = Panskura PS | publisher= Purba Medinipur District | access-date = 10 November 2016}}</ref>

==Economy==
The livelihood of the common people is dependent on Business/Job/Agriculture. Many varieties of flowers and green vegetable are grown and are supplied to [[Kolkata]] from here. Local vegetable wholesale market is the main trade of this town. This vegetable market is the 2nd largest market in West Bengal. The first governmental cold storage & market for flower is situated at Panskura.

===Panskura Bazaar===
A large portion of the local population are farmers. Vegetables produced by farmers come to the bazaar, a busy and large wholesale market. It is the supply line for the vegetable markets of Kolkata and its outskirts. The bazaar is also well connected by train and road (NH6) to [[Kolkata]] which is the nearest big city. Local trains of South Eastern Line are frequent. [[Kharagpur]], Haldia and Digha train connection is also available here.

== Cuisine ==
Panskura is famous for its popular [[Panskurar Chop]] (Panskurar [[aloor chop]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://info.shine.com/article/railway-food-if-its-kanpur-it-must-be-bedmi-alu/18806.html|title=Railway food: If it's Kanpur, it must be 'bedmi-alu'|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804160544/https://info.shine.com/article/railway-food-if-its-kanpur-it-must-be-bedmi-alu/18806.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> made out of boiled potatoes, besan ([[gram flour]]) (khaasareer daal) and various spices. It is popular for its famous muger [[jalebi|jilipi]].

==Education==
*British English Institute Panskura (Spoken English learning center where teachers are foreigners)
* [[Panskura Banamali College]] Autonomous (both undergraduate and postgraduate degree in arts and science) is the sole institution of higher education.
*[[Siddhinath Mahavidyalaya]]
* [[Panskura Bradley Birt High School]] is the oldest (1864) and the reputed school of the area.
* Gopalpur is the second oldest (1910) school in this area.
* Panskura Gandhi Vidyapith
* [[Raghunathbari Ramtarak High School]] which is also the third oldest (1915)
* Panskura Girls' High School (1938)
* Vivekananda Mission High School (CBSE)
* Bakulda High School (1945)
* Vidyasagar Nursery School (1990)
* Mechogram Purnachandra Balika Vidyayatan (1972)
* Dhuliapur Pallishree Bani Mandir (1939)
* [[Shyam Sundarpur Patna High School]] (1952)
* Pratappore High School (1962)
* Bhogpur K. M. High School (1946)
* Dhuliara Mahendra Institution
* Jamia Islamia Mazahirul Uloom Madrasha (1975)
* Gopalnagar B. L. Vidhyapith
* IDAN Teachers Training College
* Rashbehari College Of Education
* Panskura Primary Teachers' Training Institute
* Vivekjyoti College
* Sahid Khudiram College Of Education
* Champadali High School H.S (1971)
* Ramchandrapur Raisuddin high school
* Maguri Jagannath Chak High School
* Harinarayan Chak Vidamandir.
* Kumarpur Hateswar High School [Gov. Sponsored], Estd- 5 Feb 1947
* Usatpur soudamini Vidya Mandir (H.S)- (1965)

==Health==
There is a Government Super Speciality Hospital and a Private Super Speciality Hospital and some Private Nursing Homes in Panskura. People of this area mainly depend on that hospitals and nursing homes.
* [https://www.bengaldoctors.in/ Bengal Doctors] ( Health care provider company )
* Panskura Super Speciality Hospital ( Governmental )
* Baroma Sirona Hospital ( Super Speciality )
* Jivandeep Nursing Home
* IDAN Nursing Home
* Subhalaxmi Nursing Home
* Mother Teresa Nursing Home
* New Mother Teresa Nursing Home
* Life Care Nursing Home
* Vivekananda Nursing Home
* Astha Nursing Home
* Ashalata Nursing Home

== Tourism ==
Panskura CD block is known for its '''[[Valley of Flowers (West Bengal)|Valley of Flowers]]''', Kingdom of Flower and Gladiolas garden which is situated near Khirai railway station and Kansabati river. The river Kansabati is a good picnic spot and [[Bhavatarini Shmashanpith Kali Temple]] nearby old Panskura bazar is a pilgrimage spot. Gosaibaba Samadhi Mandir and [[Begunbari Kali Temple]] in Khirai are also a popular pilgrimage spot.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://sialoquenter.blogspot.com/2020/01/khirai-flowers-valley-one-day-tour-from.html| title =Khirai Flowers valley – One day tour from Kolkata Khirai flowers garden| publisher =sialoquenter | access-date = 30 January 2020}}</ref>

==Transportation==
Panskura is well connected by train and road (NH16) to [[Kolkata]] which is the nearest big city. Local trains of South Eastern Line are frequently available at [[Panskura railway station]]. [[Kharagpur railway station|Kharagpur]], [[Haldia railway station|Haldia]] and [[Digha railway station|Digha]] train connection are also available.

Kolkata is also well connected to Panskura by [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]]. Local buses, Trakers, Toto and private taxis also play a major role of transportation to more interior villages from there. [[State Highway 4 (West Bengal)|SH 4]] passes through Panskura.

Panskura is well connected to Ghatal by bus from Panskura bus stand and bus from Kolkata to Ghatal is also have to pass from panskura near machogram. Panskura is also connected to district town Tamluk by bus & train.

==Panskura picture gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="180px">
File:Flower valley of Panskura.jpg|Valley of Flowers in Pansura
File:Valley of Flowers in Panskura.jpg|Valley of Flowers in Panskura
File:A sobji seller.jpg|Panskura Station Sobji Bazar seller
File:Panskura Bazar 1.jpg|Panskura Station Sobji Bazar
File:Panskura Bazar.jpg|Panskura Station Road
File:Panskura Station.jpeg|Panskura Junction railway station
File:Panskura Super Speciality Hospital.jpg|Panskura Super Speciality Hospital
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Purba Medinipur District}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purba Medinipur topics}}

[[Category:Panskura| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Medinipur district]]

Sutlej Express

2026-02-01T15:15:27Z

Veirdo:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Sutlej Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Chandigarh Junction}} (CDG)
| stops = 10
| end = {{stnlnk|Firozpur Cantonment}} (FZR)
| distance = {{convert|236|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 5 hours 00 mins
| frequency = Daily {{efn|Runs seven days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation = [[ICF coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 14629/14630
| speed = {{convert|47.20|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Sutlej Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[Northern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Firozpur Cantonment}} and {{stnlnk|Chandigarh Junction}} in India. Earlier, it was used to run between Firozpur Cantonment and {{stnlnk|Ludhiana Junction}}, Later it was extended up to Chandigarh Junction. It is currently being operated with 14629/14630 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=5632&id=0,4,268 CANCELLATION/DIVERSION /SHORT TERMINATION/SHORT ORIGINATION OF TRAINS DUE TO DERAILMENT OF 11078JAMMU TAWI-PUNE JHELUM EXPRESS TRAIN]</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/community/seven-pairs-of-trains-cancelled-till-feb-15/352336.html "Seven pairs of trains cancelled till Feb 15"]</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/dera-protest-derails-traffic-in-punjab/135761.html Dera protest derails traffic in Punjab]</ref>

==History==
Before Partition of India in 1947, there was a train named Sutlej Express connecting [[Samma Satta]] Junction near [[Bahawalpur]] with {{stnlnk|Ludhiana Junction}}. The train used to cover {{convert|532|km|mi}} in 10 hours 30 mins time having average speed of {{convert|50.67|kph|mph}} & travelling via [[Lodhran]], [[Kasur]] & [[Firozpur]]. But this service was withdrawn after partition of India from 15 August 1947.

== Service==
The current 14629/14630 Sutlej Express has average speed of {{convert|47.20|kph|mph}} and covers {{convert|236|km|mi}} in 5 hrs 00 mins.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

*{{stnlnk|Chandigarh Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|SAS Nagar Mohali}}
* {{stnlnk|New Morinda Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ludhiana Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Modelgram}}
* {{stnlnk|Mullanpur}}
* {{stnlnk|Jagraon}}
* {{stnlnk|Nanaksar}}
* {{stnlnk|Ajitwal}}
* {{stnlnk|Moga}}
* {{stnlnk|Talwandi}}
* {{stnlnk|Firozpur Cantonment}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard ICF rakes with a maximum speed of 110 km/h. The train consists of 16 coaches:

* 14 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

The route is partially electrified yet so both trains are hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Ludhiana|Ludhiana Loco Shed]]-based [[WDM-3A]] diesel locomotive from [[Firozpur]] to [[Ludhiana]] and vice versa.

== Rake sharing ==

The train shares its rake with 14601/14602 [[Firozpur Cantonment–Shri Ganganagar Express]] and 54641/54642 [[Delhi–Firozpur Passenger]].

'''Rake reversal'''

Train reverses its direction at Ludhiana Junction in vice versa.

== See also ==

* [[Firozpur Cantonment railway station]]
* [[Ludhiana Junction railway station]]
* [[Firozpur Cantonment–Shri Ganganagar Express]]
* [[Delhi–Firozpur Passenger]]
* [[Chandigarh–Firozpur Cantonment Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1593 14629/Ludhiana Firozpur Sutlej Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1594 14630/Firozpur Ludhiana Sutlej Express]

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sutlej Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Firozpur]]
[[Category:Transport in Ludhiana]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

List of Bhojpuri film awards

2026-01-26T13:11:01Z

Veirdo: started a article

{{short description|None}}

This is a list of awards from [[Bhojpuri cinema]].

==List==
*[[Bhojpuri Film Awards]]<ref name="Firstpost">{{cite news |author=fwire |date=18 September 2013 |title=8th Bhojpuri Film Awards in Lucknow |url=http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/8th-bhojpuri-film-awards-in-lucknow-1115827.html |accessdate=14 October 2015 |work=Firstpost}}</ref>
*[[Sabrang Film Awards]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Prabhat Khabar Digital Desk |date=22 October 2017 |title=1 नवंबर को मुंबई में होगा ''सबरंग फिल्म अवार्ड 2017'' |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/1072482 |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>
*[[International Bhojpuri Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2017 |title=International Bhojpuri Films Award 2017 |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/international-bhojpuri-films-award-2017/ |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=Shweta Rohira attends International Bhojpuri Film Awards in London, see photos |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/shweta-rohira-international-bhojpuri-film-awards-2017-london-photos-ravi-kishan-regional-cinema-news/18471159 |publisher=}}</ref><ref name="ZEE1">{{cite news |date=23 April 2018 |title=International Bhojpuri film awards: All you need to know |url=http://zeenews.india.com/bhojpuri/international-bhojpuri-film-awards-all-you-need-to-know-2102358.html |accessdate=29 May 2019 |publisher=Zee News}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Bhojpuri films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhojpuri film awards}}
[[Category:Bhojpuri film awards| ]]
[[Category:Lists of films by language]]

Kaal Bhairav Mandir, Varanasi

2026-01-24T03:54:12Z

Veirdo: new post

{{Short description|Hindu Temple in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Kaal Bhairav Mandir
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh Varanasi
| map_caption = Temple location on [[Varanasi district]] map
| coordinates = {{coord|25.317645|82.973914|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = काल भैरव मंदिर
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
| location = [[Visheshwarganj]], Varanasi
| elevation_m = 80.985 <ref name=" Elevation ">{{cite news|title=Elevation|publisher=Elevation finder|access-date=15 Jun 2015|url=http://www.freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm}}</ref>
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals= [[Rudraksha]] Shringar [[Annakut]] [[Ashtami|Bhairav Ashtami]]
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 17th century
| creator =
|website=}}
'''Kaal Bhairav Mandir''' ({{langx|hi|काल भैरव मंदिर}}) is one of the oldest [[Shiva]] temples in [[Varanasi]], India. Situated in Bharonath, Vishweshwarganj ([[Varanasi]]), this temple has great historical and cultural importance in [[Hinduism]]; especially amongst the locals. The temple is dedicated to [[Bhairava]] (Kaal Bhairav), a fierce form of Shiva and wears a [[Mundamala|garland of skulls]] and carries a club of peacock feathers. The word "Kaal" means both "death" and "time". Kaal Bhairav also means the one who removes the fear of both death and time. It is believed that even death is afraid of Kaal Bhairav.

Housed in the inner sanctum of the temple is a silver faced idol of Kal Bhairav who is seated on his [[vahana]] (vehicle), a dog and is holding a trident. Only the face of the icon decorated (with garlands) is visible to the visitors through the doorway. Rest of the icon is covered with a piece of cloth. On the rear door of the temple, there is an icon of [[Kshetrapala|Kshetrapal]] Bhairav, another aspect of Bhairava.<ref name="Kaal Bhairav Mandir">{{cite news|title= Kaal Bhairav Mandir |publisher=Varanasi.org|access-date=15 Jun 2015|url= http://www.varanasi.org.in/kalbhairav-temple-varanasi}}</ref><ref name="About Mandir">{{cite news|title=About Mandir|publisher= Eastern U.P. Tourism|access-date=15 Jun 2015|url=http://www.easternuptourism.com/?p=6239 }}</ref><ref name="Kaal Bhairav">{{cite news|title=Kaal Bhairav|publisher=Religious Portal|access-date=15 Jun 2015|url=http://www.religiousportal.com/kaalbhairavtemplevaranasi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810063254/http://www.religiousportal.com/KaalBhairavTempleVaranasi.html|archive-date=10 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Religious belief==
Once, the gods [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]] were competing for supremacy. Then [[Shiva]] appeared as a powerful divine light between the duo. An angry Brahma stared at the pillar of light with his 5th head, which started to burn out of anger. Shiva has instantly created the new being Bhairava or Kaal Bhairav (destroying the fear of 'Kaal’ : "Kaal Bhairav"), who decapitated Brahma's 5th head. However, the head stuck to Kaal Bhairav's hand.

Shiva then ordered Kaal Bhairav to go to various places but [[Brāhmanahatya]], the sin of beheading Brahma personified as a gory woman, followed him until he reached Varanasi where Brahma's head fell on the ground. The place is called "Kapal Mochan Teerth". He was freed of the sin of Brāhmanahatya as he entered Varanasi. Shiva then pronounced that "Kaal Bhairav" will forever be in Varanasi in order to remove sins of his disciples.<ref name="Kaal Bhairav Mandir"/><ref name="About Mandir"/><ref name="Kaal Bhairav"/>

==History==

Exact date of construction of Kaal Bhairav temple is not known but it is estimated that the current structure was built in the mid 17th century AD.<ref name="Kaal Bhairav Mandir"/><ref name="About Mandir"/><ref name="Kaal Bhairav"/>

==Religious importance==
Kaal Bhairav is believed to be the [[Kotwal]] (Chief police officer) of Creation; everyone who wants to exist in Creation(even if Gods) needs to take his permission to exist. He is also believed to be the Kotwal of "Sati pind" and without his permission, no one can touch the "Sati pind". Kaal Bhairav protects the devotees from all the problems.<ref name="Kaal Bhairav Mandir"/><ref name="About Mandir"/><ref name="Kaal Bhairav"/> As per popular belief, Kal Bhairav is considered to be the protector of the city.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Top Ten Temple Towns of India|publisher=Mark Age Publication|first=S.C.|last=Karkar|location=Kolkota|isbn=978-81-87952-12-1|year=2009|page=11}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://aghoristories.com/aghor/kaal-bhairav-the-lord-of-tantra-and-aghor/?amp=1 Story of Kaal Bhairav - Kotwal of Kashi]

{{Varanasi}}
{{Temples in Varanasi}}
{{Hindu Culture and Epics}}
{{Portal bar|India|Hinduism|Religion}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Varanasi]]
[[Category:18th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:17th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Bhairava temples]]

S&P BSE 500 Shariah Index

2026-01-24T02:34:32Z

Veirdo: article!

{{Short description|Indian stock market index}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox financial index
|name = S&P BSE 500 Shariah Index
|logo =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|foundation = {{start date|df=yes|2010|12|27}}
|operator = [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]]
|exchanges = [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]
|symbol =
|constituents = 500
|cap_level = Large cap
|mcap =
|weighting = [[Public float|free-float]]
|related =
|homepage =
}}

The '''S&P BSE 500 Shariah Index''' is an Indian [[stock market index]] that represent all Shariah compliant companies of the broad-based S&P BSE 500 index. The index is part of the family of S&P Shariah indices with the S&P 500 Shariah, S&P Europe 350 Shariah, and S&P Pan Asia Shariah among others. The S&P BSE 500 consists of 500 of the largest, most [[Market liquidity|liquid]] Indian stocks trading at the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] (BSE). The index represents nearly 93% of the total market capitalization on the exchange across a broad range of industries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/JN3zy8KTXtmHw3ReAUV5pM/BSE-SP-Dow-Jones-Indices-launch-SP-BSE-500-Shariah-index.html |title=BSE, S&P Dow Jones Indices launch S&P BSE 500 Shariah index |date=1 May 2013 |publisher=Mint }}</ref>

== History ==
The Index was established on 27 December 2010 on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]], in collaboration with the Taqwaa Advisory and Shariah Investment Solutions (TASIS).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bseindia.com/downloads/abindices/file/BSE%20TASIS%20Shariah%2050%20Index%20Factsheet.pdf |title=BSE TASIS SHARIAH 50 Index |date=24 December 2010 |publisher=[[Bombay Stock Exchange]]}}</ref> They launched an Islamic index in a bid to attract more investors from India and overseas.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/bse-and-sp-dow-jones-launch-islamic-equity-index-sp-bse-500-shariah-index/articleshow/19826360.cms?from=mdr |title=BSE and S&P Dow Jones launch Islamic equity index-- S&P BSE 500 Shariah index |date=2 May 2013 |publisher=The Economic Times }}</ref> On 19 February 2013, [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]] and the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] ("BSE") announced their strategic partnership to calculate, disseminate, and license the widely followed ''BSE'' suite of indices. One of the first indices created by the partnership was the S&P BSE 500 SHARIAH. In line with other S&P BSE indices, on 16 August 2005 the calculation methodology was changed to the [[Public float|free-float]] methodology.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:SandP BSE 500 Shariah Index}}
[[Category:2010 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Sisai

2026-01-23T06:47:33Z

Veirdo: general corrected details as per guidelines and improved wording

{{other uses|Sisai (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sisai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =4
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 841506
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sisai''' is one of the biggest villages in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> It comes under [[Siwan district|Siwan District]], located about 42 km by road and 52 km by train route north (U.P. border, absolute corner of Chhapra, Gopalganj and Siwan Districts) of [[Chhapra]]. It is a typical village of Bihar. It is the biggest village in Siwan. It has 51 tola.{{clarify|English|date=August 2021}} It comes under Goriyakothi Police Station and Sisai Panchayat. There is a famous middle school which was built in 1916. It is bounded by Chhitaouli from North, Bishunpur from South, Angya from East and Pahlejpur from West.

In the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], there were 1,877 families with population of 11,892 of which 5,633 were females while 6,259 were males.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} The population of children age 0-6 was 2202 which was 18.52% of total population. The average [[sex ratio]] of Sisai village was 1,111{{clarify|This is a a number, not a ratio|date=August 2021}} which is higher than Bihar state average of 918. Child sex ratio for the Sisai in the census was 954, higher than the Bihar average of 935.

Sisai village has higher [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] compared to other villages and the average rate of Bihar. In 2011, the literacy rate of Sisai village was 66.08% compared to 61.80% of Bihar. In Sisai, male literacy stands at 78.54% while female literacy rate is 55.25%.

As per the constitution of India and [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchyati Raaj Act]], Sisai village is administrated by [[Sarpanch]] (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.

Caste Factor
[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Caste]] (SC) constitutes 7.72% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.01% of total population in Sisai village.

Sisai Data

Particulars Total Male Female
Total No. of Houses 1,877 - -
Population 11,892 6,259 5,633
Child (0-6) 2,202 1,127 1,075
Schedule Caste 918 444 474
Schedule Tribe 1 0 1
Literacy 66.08% 78.54% 55.25%
Total Workers 3,602 2,306 1,296
Main Worker 1,616 0 0
Marginal Worker 1,986 1,011 975

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Saran district}}

[[Category:Villages in Saran district]]

{{Saran-geo-stub}}

Flag Officer Naval Aviation (India)

2026-01-18T09:47:59Z

Veirdo: creating

{{Short description|Area Commander of the Indian Navy}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA)
| body =
| native_name =
| insignia =
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption =
| flag = File:Rear_Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg
| flagsize = 150
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = Flag of the FONA (Rear Admiral's flag)
| image = File:RADM_AJAY_D_THEOPHILUS.jpg
| imagesize = 150
| alt =
| imagecaption =
| incumbent = [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Ajay D. Theophilus]]
| acting =
| incumbentsince = 1 August 2023
| department = [[Indian Navy]]
| style =
| type =
| status =
| abbreviation = FONA
| member_of =
| reports_to = [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]]
| residence =
| seat = [[Goa]]
| nominator =
| appointer =
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength =
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor =
| formation =
| first = [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] R. V. Singh
| last =
| abolished =
| succession =
| unofficial_names =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website =
}}
'''Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA)''' is a senior appointment in the [[Indian Navy]]. A [[Two-star rank|two star]] admiral holding the rank of [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]], the FONA is the class authority for all aviation matters an is responsible for all aviation training and maintenance activity. Since 1987, the billet has been dual-hatted by the [[Flag Officer Commanding Goa Naval Area]] (FOGA). The current FONA is [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Ajay D. Theophilus]], who assumed office on 1 August 2023.

==History==
After the [[Liberation of Goa]] and its absorption into the Indian Union in 1961, a naval detachment was established at [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]] in January 1962. This detachment grew and was commissioned as INS Gomantak in March 1964. In June that year, the [[naval air station]] [[INS Hansa]] moved from [[Sulur]] to [[Dabolim]]. With the development of establishments and naval infrastructure, the post of Naval Officer-in-Charge Goa (NOIC Goa) was created.{{sfn|Singh|1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=INS HANSA MARKS DIAMOND JUBILEE ON 05 SEP 21 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1752311 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

In 1977, the appointment of NOIC Goa was upgraded to [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] and re-designated Flag Officer Commanding Goa Naval Area (FOGA). Rear Admiral [[R. H. Tahiliani]], [[AVSM]] took over as the first FOGA on 30 December 1977.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2000}}

In 1986, it was proposed to rationalise the command and control of the [[Indian Naval Air Arm|naval air arm]] by creating the appointment of Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA). The FONA would be responsible for all aviation training and maintenance activity and act as the class authority for all aviation matters. The operational deployment of all aviation units would continue to be controlled and directed by the respective commanders-in-chief. With Goa being the home of the naval air arm, FOGA was the natural choice to also serve as the FONA. In March 1986, the serving FOGA Rear Admiral R. V. Singh assumed the appointment of FONA as well. Since then the FOGA has dual-hatted as the FONA.{{sfn|Hiranandani|2005}}{{sfn|Hiranandani|2009}}

==List of Commanders==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 20px;"|S.No.
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Assumed office
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Left office
! scope="col" style="width: 500px;" | Notes
|-
|1
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] R. V. Singh {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|AVSM}}}}
|4 March 1986
|31 December 1987
|
|-
|2
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] S. Ramsagar {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|VrC|NM}}}}
|11 June 1988
|27 December 1989
|
|-
|3
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] P. A. Debrass {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|AVSM|NM}}}}
|27 December 1989
|30 November 1993
|
|-
|4
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Vinod Pasricha]] {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|NM}}}}
|27 December 1993
|4 January 1995
|Later [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command]] and [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vice-admiral Vinod Pasricha gives three-dimensional view of Indian Navy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20030414-vice-admiral-vinod-pasricha-gives-three-dimensional-view-of-indian-navy-792940-2003-04-13 |website=India Today |access-date=7 May 2025 |language=en |date=14 April 2003}}</ref>
|-
|5
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Sureesh Mehta]] {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|AVSM}}}}
|4 January 1995
|9 May 1997
|Later [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Anchored here in Goa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/anchored-here-in-goa/articleshow/45084094.cms#:~:text=Once%20in%20the%20army%2C%20Mehta,with%20Pakistan%20in%202001%2D2002. |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 May 2025 |date=9 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|6
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] K. V. Bharathan {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|VSM}}}}
|10 May 1997
|6 November 1998
|Later [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Ordinary Ship: A Success Story |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1998/march/ordinary-ship-success-story |website=U.S. Naval Institute |access-date=7 May 2025 |language=en |date=1 March 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=V Bharatan is new Vice Chief of Naval Staff |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/v-bharatan-is-new-vice-chief-of-naval-staff/articleshow/1281065.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 May 2025 |date=31 October 2005}}</ref>
|-
|7
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] Yashwant Prasad {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|AVSM|NM}}}}
|6 November 1998
|16 July 1999
|Later [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command]] and [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National Defence College |url=https://ndc.nic.in/about/from-commandants-desk/former-commandants |website=ndc.nic.in |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
|8
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] K. Mohanan
|16 July 1999
|28 September 2001
|
|-
|9
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] S. K. Damle {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|NM|VSM}}}}
|28 September 2001
|16 April 2004
|Later [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunil K Damle to retire on Aug 31 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2009/Aug/24/sunil-k-damle-to-retire-on-aug-31-79945.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=7 May 2025 |language=en |date=15 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
|10
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Shekhar Sinha]] {{small|[[Nao Sena Medal|NM]] [[Medal bar|&bar]]}}
|16 April 2004
|23 February 2006
|Later [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]]
|-
|11
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] S. M. Vadgaokar {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|NM}}}}
|23 February 2006
|28 January 2009
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian MIG-29K aircraft to be inducted in Navy |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/03/28/russian-mig-29k-aircraft-to-be-inducted-in-navy-next-year-1143538482.html |website=www.oneindia.com |access-date=7 May 2025 |language=en |date=28 March 2006}}</ref>
|-
|12
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] Sudhir Pillai {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|NM}}}}
|29 January 2009
|27 May 2012
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Rear Admiral Pillai new Chief of Staff of Andaman Command |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rear-admiral-pillai-new-chief-of-staff-of-andaman-command-112052900427_1.html |website=business-standard.com |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Navy honours martyrs on Dec 19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/navy-honours-martyrs-on-dec-19/articleshow/7135974.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 May 2025 |date=21 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Navy gets two fast attack craft |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2010/Sep/22/indian-navy-gets-two-fast-attack-craft-189131.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=7 May 2025 |language=en |date=16 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
|13
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] Balvinder Singh Parhar {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|NM}}}}
|28 May 2012
|26 March 2015
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Defence Minister Shri Manohar Parrikar Visits INS Hansa at Goa |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/government-press-release/defence-minister-shri-manohar-parrikar-visits-ins-hansa-at-goa-114111401484_1.html |website=business-standard.com |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=INS Saryu commissioned into Indian Navy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/ins-saryu-commissioned-into-indian-navy/articleshow/18124392.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 May 2025 |date=22 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|14
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Ravneet Singh (admiral)|Ravneet Singh]] {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|NM}}}}
|27 March 2015
|5 October 2015
|Later [[Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vice Admiral Ravneet Singh AVSM, NM assumes charge as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1723375 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
|15
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Puneet Kumar Bahl]] {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|VSM}}}}
|6 October 2015
|9 February 2018
|Later [[Commandant of Indian Naval Academy]].<ref>{{cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Rear Admiral Puneet Bahl is new Flag Officer Goa Area |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rear-admiral-puneet-bahl-is-new-flag-officer-goa-area-115100600880_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=6 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
|16
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Philipose George Pynumootil]] {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|AVSM|NM}}}}
|10 February 2018
|30 April 2022
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Rear Admiral Philipose George Pynumootil, NM Takes Over as Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1520223 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Goa: With blood & bravery, Naval Aviation earns President’s Colour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/with-blood-bravery-naval-aviation-earns-prezs-colour/articleshow/85960398.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=7 May 2025 |date=6 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|17
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Vikram Menon]] {{small|{{post-nominals|country=IND|sep=,|VSM}}}}
|1 May 2022
|31 July 2023
|Current [[Joint secretary to the Government of India|Joint Secretary]] (Navy & Defence Staff) at the [[Department of Military Affairs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=REAR ADMIRAL VIKRAM MENON TAKES OVER AS FOGA |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1821619 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|18
|[[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Ajay D. Theophilus]]
|1 August 2023
|Present
|Current FONA.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rear Admiral Ajay D Theophilus assumed charge as FOGA |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1944823 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Indian Naval Air Arm]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{citation|first1=Satyindra|last1=Singh|title=Blueprint To Bluewater - The Indian Navy 1951-1965|year=1992|isbn=81-7062-148-8|publisher=Lancer Publishers}}
*{{citation|last1=Hiranandani|first1=Gulab Mohanlal|year=2000|title=Transition To Triumph - Indian Navy 1965-1975|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|isbn=1-897829-72-8}}
*{{citation|first1=Gulab Mohanlal|last1=Hiranandani|title=Transition to eminence : The Indian Navy 1976-1990|year=2005|isbn=978-8170622666|publisher=Lancer Publishers}}
*{{citation|last1=Hiranandani|first1=Gulab Mohanlal|year=2009|title=Transition to Guardianship: The Indian Navy, 1991–2000|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|isbn=978-1-935501-66-4}}
{{Indian Navy}}

[[Category:Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Indian military appointments]]
[[Category:Indian Navy appointments]]

2021 Kawardha riots

2025-12-27T21:08:25Z

Veirdo: put up...

{{Short description|Civil unrest in Kawardha, Chhattisgarh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox civil conflict|place=[[Kawardha]], [[Chhattisgarh]]|side2b=[[Bajrang Dal]]|goals=[[Arson]], [[stoning]], [[civil unrest]] and [[rioting]]|leadfigures3=Sandip Garg ([[Indian Police Service|IPS]])|leadfigures2= [[Abhishek Singh (politician)|Abhishek Singh]]|leadfigures1=Ramesh Sharma ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])|result=* Police [[flag march]]
* Re-opening of the region|side2c=[[Vishva Hindu Parishad|VHP]]|side2a= [[BJP]]|title=2021 Kawardha riots and unrest|side1c=[[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]]|side1b=[[Chhattisgarh Police]]|side1a=[[File:Chhattisgarh Flag(INDIA).png|18px]] [[Government of Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh state]]|side2={{centre|'''Protestors'''}}|side1={{centre|'''Authority'''}}|date={{start date and age|df=yes|3 October 2021}}{{Sfn|Verma, Indian Express|2021}}|partof=[[religious violence in India]]|coordinates={{coord|22.02|N|81.25|E|display=inline,title}}}}

Incidents of [[Religious violence in India|religious violence]] between Hindus and Muslims occurred in [[Kawardha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India, between 3 and 7 October 2021.{{fact|date=January 2025}}

== Background ==
[[Kawardha]] is a small city in the [[Kabirdham district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]. It is the home of former state [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister]] [[Raman Singh]] and Forest Minister [[Mohammad Akbar (politician)|Mohammad Akbar]].{{Sfn|Tiwari, The Quint|2021}} The district is 92.4% Hindu and 7.76% Muslim.{{Sfn|2011 Kawardha census}}

== Incident ==
On Sunday, 3 October 2021, a group of Muslims and Hindus had an argument over the placement of religious flags in Loahara Naka Chowk in the town of Kawardha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chhattisgarh's Kawardha tense after violence over removal of religious flags, curfew on|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chhattisgarh-kawardha-lohara-chowk-removal-religious-flags-violence-curfew-1861622-2021-10-06|access-date=2021-10-21|website=India Today|date=6 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=छत्तीसगढ़: कवर्धा में धार्मिक झंडे हटाने को लेकर दो गुटों में झड़प, इलाके में धारा 144 लागू|url=https://www.amarujala.com/chhattisgarh/two-groups-clashed-on-the-matter-of-removing-riligious-flag-in-kawardha-chhattisgarh|access-date=2021-10-21|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>{{Sfn|Tiwari, The Quint|2021}}{{Sfn|ANI News|2021}}{{Sfn|Verma, Indian Express|2021}} An eyewitness claimed that following the altercation, a green flag had been torn down, and some hours later, a saffron flag was removed in retaliation.{{Sfn|Tiwari, The Quint|2021}}{{Sfn|Verma, Indian Express|2021}} Two days later, right-wing organisations, including the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] and the [[Bajrang Dal]], held a rally protesting the flag removal. The rally led to civil unrest in the region, including arson and rioting. The police conducted a [[lathi charge]] to disperse the protestors,{{Sfn|Mishra|2021}}{{Sfn|Verma, Indian Express|2021}} invoked [[Section 144]] (barring unlawful assembly) of the Indian Penal Code, and imposed a [[curfew]] in the region.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-10-06|title=Curfew imposed in Chhattisgarh's Kawardha town after communal violence; 15 detained|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/curfew-imposed-in-chhattisgarh-s-kawardha-town-after-communal-violence-15-detained-101633460056009.html|access-date=2021-10-21|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Curfew In Chhattisgarh Town After Violence During Right-Wing Rally|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/curfew-in-chhattisgarh-town-after-violence-during-right-wing-rally-2565934|access-date=2021-10-21|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>{{Sfn|TOI|2021}}{{Sfn|Mishra|2021}}

The police stated that the Vishva Hindu Parishad and the Bajrang Dal had promised peaceful protests.{{Sfn|Verma, Indian Express|2021}} They registered a [[First Information Report]]s against several people, including [[Santosh Pandey (BJP)|Santosh Pandey]], a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], and [[Abhishek Singh (politician)|Abhishek Singh]], a former Member of Parliament, both of whom were from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{Sfn|Tiwari, The Quint|2021}}

== References ==

=== Citations ===
<references />

=== Sources ===

* {{Cite web|last=Tiwari|first=Vishnukant|date=9 October 2021|title=After Communal Tensions in Chhattisgarh's Kawardha, Cops Book Over 90 People|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/communal-violence-kawardha-chhattisgarh-police-book-90-people-file-7-firs|website=[[The Quint]]|ref={{SfnRef|Tiwari, The Quint|2021}}}}
* {{Cite news|date=10 October 2021|title=FIRs registered against thousands including former, current MP in Kawardha riots, says SP Mohit Garg|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/chattisgarh-firs-registered-against-thousands-including-former-current-mp-in-kawardha-riots-says-sp-mohit-garg20211009145340/|work=[[ANI News]]|ref={{SfnRef|ANI News|2021}}}}
* {{Cite news|date=9 October 2021|title=FIR against Raman Singh's son, BJP MP for clashes in Kawardha|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarh-fir-against-raman-singhs-son-bjp-mp-for-clashes-in-kawardha/articleshow/86883855.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|ref={{SfnRef|TOI|2021}}}}
* {{Cite news|last=Verma|first=Gargi|date=6 October 2021|title=Argument over flags erupts in communal violence in Chhattisgarh's Kabirdham|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/curfew-in-chhattisgarh-town-following-clashes-25-detained-7554541/|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|ref={{SfnRef|Verma, Indian Express|2021}}}}
* {{Cite news|last=Mishra|first=Ritesh|date=7 October 2021|title=Uneasy calm in Chhattisgarh's violence-hit Kawardha town|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uneasy-calm-in-chhattisgarh-s-violence-hit-kawardha-town-101633582261184.html}}
* {{Cite news |date=11 October 2021|title=Chhattisgarh Police targeting only BJP people, alleges MP Santosh Pandey|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/kawardha-riots-chhattisgarh-police-targeting-only-bjp-people-alleges-mp-santosh-pandey/822561|work=[[Times Now]]}}
* {{Citation |mode=cs1 |date=2015|title=Kawardha Population, Caste Data Kabirdham Chhattisgarh |work=[[Census of India]]|ref={{SfnRef|2011 Kawardha census}}}}

== External links ==

* {{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaQr_-nrSHY|title=Disturbing visuals coming from Kawardha|via=[[YouTube]] |work=[[Free Press Journal]]|year=2021}}

{{Riots in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kawardha riots (20210)}}
[[Category:2021 crimes in India]]
[[Category:2021 riots]]
[[Category:Arson in India]]
[[Category:2020s political riots]]
[[Category:2020s in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Crime in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Religious riots in India]]
[[Category:October 2021 in India]]
[[Category:October 2021 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party controversies]]
[[Category:Political riots in India]]

Rhinophis goweri

2025-12-27T11:55:01Z

Veirdo: done!

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Gower's_shieldtail_snake_Rhinophis_goweri.jpg
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Rhinophis
| species = goweri
| authority = Aengals & Ganesh, 2013
}}
'''''Rhinophis goweri''''', also known as '''Gower's shieldtail snake''', is a recently described, little-known [[species]] of [[snake]] of the family [[Uropeltidae]]. It is [[endemic]] to the [[Eastern Ghats]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[South India]].<ref name=RDB/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/347-flora-242-fauna-species-discovered-in-2013-14-environment-minister-prakash-javadekar/articleshow/48438084.cms |title=347 flora, 242 fauna species discovered in 2013-14: Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar |date=2015-08-11 |website=The Economic Times |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |location=India |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/india-logged-248-new-species-in-2013/article6205041.ece |title=India logged 248 new species in 2013 |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=2014-07-13 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=India |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref> As per the [[IUCN]] it is a [[Critically Endangered]] snake species.

==Description==
''Rhinophis goweri'' can be identified by the following combination of characters: midbody scale rows 17; convex caudal shield as long as or longer than shielded part of head; [[rostral scale|rostral]] not more than half as long as shielded part of head, separating [[prefrontal scales]] for more than half their length; [[ventral scales]] 215; venter and outermost scale rows without large spots; uniform dark grayish brown above and off-white heavily powdered with brown below; tail distinctly reddish orange below; [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]] uniform and unpatterned.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aengals |first1=R. |author2=S. R. Ganesh |name-list-style=amp |title=''Rhinophis goweri'' — A new species of shieldtail snake from the Southern Eastern Ghats, India |journal=Russian Journal of Herpetology |date=2013 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=61–65}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Pyron, R. A. |author2=Ganesh, S. R. |author3=Sayyed, A. |author4=Sharma, V. |author5=Wallach, V. |author6=Somaweera, R. |name-list-style=amp |date=2016 |title=A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/hd/z2016n4a2_pdfa.pdf |journal=Zoosystema |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=453–506 |doi=10.5252/z2016n4a2 |s2cid=54656055 }}</ref>

==Etymology==
This species was named after Dr. David Gower, a [[herpetologist]] with the [[Natural History Museum, London]], for his work on these snakes.<ref name=RDB/>

==Geographic range==
This species was first described from [[Bodha Malai]] bordering [[Namakkal]] and [[Salem district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state. Later, surveys in other hills of [[Eastern Ghats]] revealed its presence in [[Kolli Hills]], in [[Namakkal]] district.<ref name="Ganesh and Arumugam 2016"/>

==Habits and habitat==
This species is slow-moving, [[nocturnal]], [[fossorial]], and lives in the [[tropical wet forest]]s covering the higher slopes (>{{convert|900|m|abbr=on}} [[above sea level|asl]]) of the hills. It is thought to feed on [[earthworms]] like other snakes of the family [[Uropeltidae]]. It becomes more active during [[monsoon]]. It has been recorded from an elevation of up to {{convert|1370|m|abbr=on}} asl, atop [[Kolli Hills]] in dense forests as well as [[coffee]] and [[pineapple]] [[plantations]] and mixed fruit [[orchards]].<ref name="Ganesh and Arumugam 2016"/>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Ganesh and Arumugam 2016">{{Cite journal|last=Ganesh, S. R. |author2=M. Arumugam |name-list-style=amp |date=2016|title=Species richness of montane herpetofauna of southern Eastern Ghats, India: A historical resume and a descriptive checklist |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316351016 |journal=Russian Journal of Herpetology |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=7–24 }}</ref>

<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species |genus=Rhinophis |species=goweri |accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref>

</references>

{{taxonbar|from=Q14558033}}

[[Category:Rhinophis]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2013]]

Velairpadu mandal

2025-12-06T07:08:58Z

Veirdo: Put Up A Pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Velairpadu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Godavari beach, Velairpadu
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 534444
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = AP-37
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
}}
'''Velairpadu mandal''' also spelled as '''Velerupadu'''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivas |first=Rajulapudi |date=2022-07-21 |title=26 habitations still under floodwater in Andhra Pradesh’s Eluru district |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-26-habitations-still-under-floodwater-in-eluru-district/article65667601.ece |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is located in the [[Eluru district]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivas |first=Rajulapudi |date=2023-07-20 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Officials sound alert in Konaseema, Eluru districts as flood level in the Godavari rises |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-officials-sound-alert-in-konaseema-eluru-districts-as-flood-level-in-the-godavari-rises/article67102331.ece |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> of the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Previously, Velairpadu was part of the [[Khammam district]] in the then [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|united Andhra Pradesh]]. However, it became part of Andhra Pradesh following the transfer of seven mandals, including Velairpadu, from [[Telangana]] to the newly formed Andhra Pradesh after bifurcation.<ref>{{cite news|title=List of seven mandals to be included in AP|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-07-11/List-of-seven-mandals-to-be-included-in-AP-101564|accessdate=5 August 2014|work=The Hans India|date=11 July 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Velairpadu.jpg|thumb|285x285px]]

== Velairpadu mandal villages ==
# Chigurumamidi
# Gundlavai
# Kacharam
# Kakisnoor
# Katukur
# Koida
# Kothuru
# Koyamadaram
# Lachapeta
# Medapalle
# Narlavaram
# Parentapalle
# Rallapudi
# Ramavaram
# Repakagommu
# Rudramkota
# Siddaram
# Tekupalle
# Tekuru
# Thatukur
# Tirumalapuram

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|17|38|20|N|81|24|16|E|region:IN_type:city_source:kolossus-tewiki|display=title}}
{{Eluru district}}

[[Category:Villages in Eluru district]]
[[Category:Mandals in Eluru district]]
{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Indirapuram

2025-12-03T16:33:42Z

Veirdo: new a data

{{refimprove|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Indirapuram
| image_skyline = Indirapuram.jpg
| settlement_type = Residential Location
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| image_caption = Indirapuram skyline
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ghaziabad District, India|Ghaziabad]]
}}
'''Indirapuram''' is an established residential locality in [[Ghaziabad]], divided into various khands, such as Vaibhav Khand, Abhay Khand, Ahinsa Khand, Nyay Khand, Gyan Khand, Niti Khand, and Shakti Khand. Indirapuram comes under the Sahibabad assembly constituency in the Uttar Pradesh state assembly.

The locality is just 5 km away from two [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]] metro stations of [[Vaishali metro station|Vaishali]] and [[Noida Electronic City metro station|Noida Electronic City]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-10|title=With Blue line extension, Metro comes to Indirapuram doorstep|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/with-blue-line-extension-metro-comes-to-indirapuram-doorstep/story-DKgwJkPUDyXfrx5oOVnsrN.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Abhijay Jha|date=5 Aug 2020|title=Indirapuram-Noida footbridge link by November {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/indirapuram-noida-footbridge-link-by-november/articleshow/77359647.cms|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Indirapuram was founded on 28 February 1996,<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of indirapuram |url=https://indirapuramtailor.com/indirapuram-in-delhi-or-ghaziabad/ |website=Indirapuram Tailor |language=English}}</ref> as a sub-city to Delhi. The black foundation stone (''Kala Pathar'') was inaugurated by the Late Shri [[Motilal Vora]], then Governor of Uttar Pradesh. The foundation stone became the starting point of today's Kala Pathar Road.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]]

Vadathika Cave Inscription

2025-11-25T11:46:20Z

Veirdo: Put Up New Stub - done

{{Short description|Hill cave in Gaya district}}
{{Infobox artifact
|image = 5th or 6th century Vadathika Cave Inscription, Sanskrit, Shaivism, Anantavarman, Gupta script, Ancient Om symbol 2.jpg
|name = Vadathika Cave Inscription
|image_caption = Vadathika Shaivism-related Sanskrit inscription (Fleet version)
|material = Cave wall
|size =
|writing = Sanskrit, Gupta script
|created = 5th or 6th century
|period = [[Maukharis of Gaya]]
|place = Nagarjuni hill, Barabar Caves
|discovered = Gaya district, Bihar
|discovered_coords = {{coord|25|00|23.2|N|85|03|52.3|E|display=inline,title}}
|location = Vadathika Cave
| map =
{{Location map
| India
| float = center
| relief = yes
| label = Nagarjuni-Barabar Caves
| lat_deg = 25.00951
| lon_deg = 85.07862
}}
|id =
|registration =
}}
__NOTOC__
The '''Vadathika Cave Inscription''', also called the '''Nagarjuni Hill Cave Inscription of Anantavarman''', is a 5th- or 6th-century CE Sanskrit inscriptions in Gupta script found in the Nagarjuni hill cave of the [[Barabar Caves]] group in Gaya district [[Bihar]].{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=221-222}} The inscription is notable for including symbol for [[Om]] in Gupta era. It marks the dedication of the cave to a statue of Bhutapati ([[Shiva]]) and Devi ([[Parvati]]). The statue was likely of [[Ardhanarishvara]] that was missing when the caves came to the attention of archaeologists in the 18th-century.{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=221-222}}

==History==
The Vadathika Cave, also called ''Vadathi ka Kubha'', is one of three caves found in the Nagarjuni Hill cluster near the [[Barabar Caves]] in Bihar. The other two are Vapiyaka Cave and Gopika Cave, also called ''Vapiya ka Kubha'' and ''Gopi ka Kubha'', respectively.<ref name=cunningham43>{{cite book|author=Sir Alexander Cunningham|title=Four Reports |year=1871|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fourreportsmade01cunngoog/page/n141 43]–52}}</ref> These are near the [[Lomas Rishi Cave]], the earliest known cave excavated in the 3rd century BCE and gifted by Ashoka to the [[Ajivikas]] monks. The Nagarjuni Caves were excavated in 214 BCE from a granite hill by the grandson of Ashoka.<ref name=cunningham43/> They are about {{convert|16|mi}} north of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]].<ref name=cunningham43/>

[[File:Vadathika and Vapiyaka caves BL.jpg|thumb|left|The Vadathika cave is the one on the left, with the entrance in the recess. [[Barabar Caves]].]]
According to Arthur Basham, the motifs carved in these groups of caves as well as inscriptions help establish that the Nagarjuni and Barabar Hill caves are from the 3rd century BCE.<ref name="Basham1951p153">{{cite book|author=Arthur Llewellyn Basham|title=History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas, a Vanished Indian Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiGQzc5lRGYC |year=1951|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1204-8|pages=153–159}}</ref> The original inhabitants of these were the Ajivikas, a non-Buddhist Indian religion that later became extinct. They abandoned the caves at some point.<ref name="Basham1951p153"/> Then the Buddhists used these caves because there are the Bodhimula and Klesa-kantara inscriptions found here.<ref name=cunningham43/> Centuries later, a Hindu king named Anantavarman, of Maukhari dynasty, dedicated Hindu ''[[murti]]'' (images) of [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaivism]] and [[Shaktism]] in three of these caves in the 5th or 6th century.<ref name="Bakker2014p43">{{cite book|author=Hans Bakker|title=The World of the Skandapurāṇa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6p2XCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 |year=2014|publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=978-90-04-27714-4|pages=43–44 with footnotes}}</ref> To mark the consecration, he left inscriptions in Sanskrit. These inscriptions are in then prevalent Gupta script and these have survived.<ref name=cunningham43/><ref name="Basham1951p153"/><ref name="Balcerowicz2015p335">{{cite book|author=Piotr Balcerowicz|title=Early Asceticism in India: Ajivikism and Jainism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PKPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT335|year=2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-53852-3|pages=335–336}};For more on Maukhari dating, see: [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maukhari-dynasty Maukhari dynasty], Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref> After the 14th-century, the area was occupied by Muslims, as a number of tombs are nearby.<ref name=cunningham43/>

The Vadathika Cave inscription was first noticed in 1785 by J. H. Harrington, then reported to scholars in the 1790 issue of ''Asiatic Researches, Volume 2''.{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=221-222}} It is found on the northern side of the hill, immediately next to the Vapiyaka Cave and its ''Vapi'' (water tank).<ref name=cunningham43/> The cave has several inscriptions, including one from the 3rd-century BCE. It starts by stating the name of the cave to be Vadathi, the source of this cave's historic name and the inscription.<ref name=cunningham43/> The inscription as copied by Harrington was first translated by Charles Wilkins. In 1847, Markham Kittoe made a new eye-copy and published it with Rajendralal Mitra's new translation.<ref name=kittoe1847>Markham Kittoe (1847), Notes on the Caves of Burabur, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 16, pages 401-406</ref> John Fleet published another revised translation in 1888.{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=221-222}}

==Description==
The inscription is carved in granite over about a {{convert|4.25|ft}} by {{convert|1.5|ft}} surface. It has eight lines in Gupta script, with letters approximately {{convert|1|in}} tall. It is one of the earliest Indian inscriptions that uses full [[matras]] (horizontal bar above each letter).{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=223-224}}

===Inscription, edited by Fleet===

<blockquote style="background-color:none;margin-right:5em;margin-left:0em;border-left:solid 6px #FFE0BB;padding:1.0em">
<poem>
1. Om āsīt sarvvamahīkṣitā manur iva kṣattrasthiter ddeśikaḥ_śrīmān mattagajendrakhelagamanaḥ śrīyajñavarmmā nṛpaḥ |
2. yasyāhūtasahasranettravirahakṣāmā sadaivādhvaraiḥ_paulomī ciram aśrupātamalināṃ dhatte kapolaśriyaṃ ||

3. śrīśārdūlanṛpātmajaḥ parahitaḥ śrīpauruṣaḥ śrūyate|loke candramarīcinirmmalaguṇo yo nantavarmmābhidhaḥ |
4. dṛṣṭādṛṣṭavibhūti kartṛvaradaṃ tenādbhutaṃ kāritaṃ|vimvaṃ bhūtapater guhāśritam idaṃ devyāś ca pāyāj jagaT ||

5. ansāntākṛṣṭaśārṅgapravitatasaśarajyāsphuranmaṇḍalānta_vyaktabhrūbhaṅgalakṣmavyatikaraśavalākhaṇḍavaktrenduvimva |
6. antāyānantavarmmā smarasadṛśavapur jjīvite nispṛhābhiḥ_dṛṣṭa sthitvā mṛgībhiḥ suciram animiśasnigdhamugdhekṣaṇābhi ||

7. atyākṛṣṭāt kuraravirutasparddhinaḥ śārṅgayantrā_2_dvegāviddhaḥ pravitataguṇād īritaḥ sauṣṭhavena |
8. dūraprāpī vimathitagajodbhrāntavājī pravīro_2_vāṇo ristrīvyasanapadavīdeśiko nantanāmna ||
</poem>
– Vadathika Cave Inscription{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=224-225}}
</blockquote>

{{wide image|5th or 6th century Vadathika Cave Inscription, Sanskrit, Shaivism, Anantavarman, Gupta script, Ancient Om symbol.jpg|600px|Vadathika Cave Inscription, Markham Kittoe version}}

===Translation by Fleet===
John Fleet translated it as,
{{Blockquote|
Om! There was a glorious king, the illustrious Yajnavarman, who, as if he were Anu, instructed all rulers of the earth in the duty of those who belong to the warrior caste; whose gait was like the play of a rutting elephant; (and) through whose sacrifices (the goddess) Paulomi, always emaciated by separation from (the god Indra) who has a thousand eyes, invoked (by this king so constantly as to be perpetually absent from her), has had the beauty of (her) cheeks for a long time sullied by the falling of tears.

He, the son of the illustrious king Sardula, who has the name of Anantavarman; who is reputed in the world to be benevolent to others, (and) to be possessed of fortune and manliness, (and) to be full of virtues that are as spotless as the rays of the moon, by him was caused to be made this wondrous [[murti|image]], placed in (this) cave, of (the god) [[Shiva|Bhutapati]]{{refn|group=note|Bhutapati is a synonym of Shiva.<ref name="Thaplyal1985p128">{{cite book|author=Kiran Kumar Thaplyal|title=Inscriptions of the Maukharīs, Later Guptas, Puṣpabhūtis, and Yaśovarman of Kanauj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5svAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Indian Council of Historical Research|page=128}}</ref>}} and (the goddess) [[Devi]], which is possessed of excellencies (of workmanship) some of them (previously) beheld (in other images) but others not so; (and) which confers boons upon the maker (if it). May it protect the world!

Having the surface of the full-moon that is (his) face made grey through being scattered over with spots that are (his) frowns displayed at the ends of the bent arc, glistening with (its) string pulled tight and fitted with an arrow, of the bow drawn up to the extremities of (his) shoulders, Anantavarman, whose body is like (that of) (the god) Smara, having stood, gazed upon for a very long time by the does, indifferent to life, whose moist and tender eyes omit to blink (through the intentness with which they regard him), (lives only) for (the purpose of dealing out) death. The far reaching (and) powerful arrow, scattering the elephants and driving horses wild with fear, of him who has the name of Ananta, impelled with speed (and) skilfully discharged from the machine of (his) bow, fitted with a well-stretched string, that is drawn very tight (and) rivals the screams of an osprey (with the noise of its twanging), teaches to the wives of (his) enemies the condition of the sorrows (of widowhood).{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=225-226}}
}}

==Significance==
The inscription is a Shaiva inscription, one that mentions one statue (''vimvaṃ, bimba'') depicting Shiva and Parvati, which states Fleet likely means it was an [[Ardhanarishvara]] image, with one half as male Shiva and the other half as female Parvati.<ref name="Bakker2014p43"/><ref name="Thaplyal1985p135">{{cite book|author=Kiran Kumar Thaplyal|title=Inscriptions of the Maukharīs, Later Guptas, Puṣpabhūtis, and Yaśovarman of Kanauj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5svAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Indian Council of Historical Research|pages=135–138}}</ref> The inscription starts with Om, just prior to the first line, signifying its importance in 5th-century Hindu theology.{{sfn|DR Bhandarkar| BC Chhabra| GS Gai|1981|pp=224-226}}

Markham Kittoe, who visited the cave before 1847, stated that there were sculpture fragments scattered in the cave in a style that reminded him of early style. He wrote, "there must have been a very handsome temple here of early date".<ref name=kittoe1847/><ref name="Bakker2014p43"/>

==See also==
*[[Lakulisa Mathura Pillar Inscription]]
*[[Gopika Cave Inscription]]
*[[Vasu Doorjamb Inscription]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book| author1=DR Bhandarkar|author2= BC Chhabra|author3= GS Gai| year=1981|title= Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings by JF Fleet, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume III, 3rd Edition | publisher= Archaeological Survey of India |oclc= 606389410}}
*{{cite book|author=Dineschandra Sircar|title=Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, Volume 1, 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1hmAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=University of Calcutta |oclc= 785763290}}

==External links==
*[http://siddham.uk/inscription/IN00153 Vadathika Cave Inscription] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420172042/http://siddham.uk/inscription/IN00153 |date=2021-04-20 }}, Siddham, United Kingdom

{{Hindu inscriptions and arts|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Indian inscriptions]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]

Kakatiya Express

2025-09-17T08:17:44Z

Veirdo: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[South Central Railway zone#Routes]]

Muhibullah Allahabadi

2025-09-08T00:00:13Z

Veirdo: started a page.

{{short description|Sufi poet and scholar}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Muhibullah Allahabadi
| image = CAM00329.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Muhibbullah Allahabadi"s Mausoleum
| birth_name = Muhibullah bin Mubariz
| birth_date = 1587
| birth_place = Near [[Khairabad, Sitapur]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1648|7|30|1587}}
| death_place = [[Allahabad]]
| resting_place = Dayra shah muhibullah, Allahabad
| other_names = Shaikh-e-Kabeer
| occupation = Sufi scholar
| known_for = Doctrine of ''[[Wahdat al-Wujud]]''
| predecessor = Abu Said Gangohi
| successor = Qazi Ghasi, Mohammadi Fayyaz, [[Sayyid Muhammad Qanauji]], [[Mohsin Fani]]
Shah Saif Ullah
Shah Muqarrab ullah
| website =
}}
'''Muhibullah Allahabadi''', or '''Muhibb ullah Ilahabadi''' ({{langx|ur|محب اللہ الہ آبادی}};
मुहिबउल्लाह इलाहाबादी 1587–30 July 1648) was a [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint and scholar who was active in [[Allahabad]] in northern India during the reign of the Mughul emperor [[Shah Jahan]]. He is noted as a leading proponent of the Sufi doctrine of ''[[Wahdat al-Wujud]]'', sometimes called "Oneness of Being".

==Life==
[[File:Shahi mosque Allahabad.jpg|thumb|'''Shahi Masjid''']]

Muhibullah was born in 1587in India.{{sfn|Farooqi|1999|p=231}}
He was a descendant of [[Fariduddin Ganjshakar]].{{sfn|Schimmel|1980|p=98}}
His home was in Sadarpur in Awadh.{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=124}}
There he compiled a commentary in Arabic on Ibn Arabi's Fusus ul-Hikam.{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=125}}
He was initiated into the Sabiriya branch of the [[Chishti Order]] of Sufis with the help of Shaikh Abu Said Gangohi, and visited major Chishti places of pilgrimage and centers before settling in Allahabad in 1628, where he spent the rest of his life.{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=124}}{{sfn|Schimmel|1980|p=98}}
He was active during the reign of the Mogul emperor [[Shah Jahan]] (r. 1628–58).{{sfn|Clarke|2002|p=71}}{{efn|The emperor Shah Jahan once asked Muhibullah to visit him, quoting the saying "Obey God and obey the Prophet and all those among you who are in command". Muhibbullah wrote a letter of polite refusal in which he said "How can one reach the third stage when one is not able to fulfill the obligations needed for the first two stages?".{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=126}} }}
Muhibullah founded the Indo-Islamic literary culture in [[Allahabad]], with his many writings on obscure Sufi topics in both Persian and Arabic.{{sfn|Faruqi|2007}}

In Muhibullah's view social relationships should be guided by the unity of Being.{{sfn|Clarke|2002|p=71}}
He was the [[preceptor]] of [[Shah Jahan]]'s son, prince [[Dara Shikoh]].{{sfn|Rafiabadi|2005|p=230}}
In response to an inquiry from the prince he wrote that the state should not make a distinction between Muslims and Hindus, since God did not discriminate between his creations.
God had sent [[Muhammad]] as ''Rahmat al Alameen'', mercy for all of creation, not only for Muslims.{{sfn|Dehlvi|2012|p=141}}
Many devotees visited Muhibullah's ''[[Khanqah]]'', including both Moslems and [[Hindu]]s.{{sfn|Hadi|1995|p=427}}
Muhibullah thought that mystic knowledge could be obtained from Hindus, and quoted the Hindu theory of cosmogony in a letter, but seems to have had no more than a very superficial understanding of Hindu mysticism.{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=125}}

Muhibullah followed the teachings of [[Ibn Arabi]] (1165–1240), the great Sufi poet and mystic from [[Andalusia]], and was himself called ''Shaikh-e Kabir'' (the great master).{{sfn|Rafiabadi|2005|p=230}}
Ibn Arabi had formulated the most advanced formulation of the ''Tawhid wajudi'' (''[[Wahdat al-Wujud]]'') doctrine, a fundamental Sufist doctrine.
In the Sufi interpretation of the doctrine the face of God is seen everywhere, but that does not mean that everything that exists is an aspect of Divine unity.{{sfn|Brill|1990}}
Muhibullah Allahabadi strongly supported the ''Tawhid wajudi'' doctrine, and was called Sheikh Ibn Arabi II because of his depth of understanding of the doctrine.{{sfn|Rafiabadi|2005|p=230}}
Muhibullah wrote several books, most notably ''Taswiyah'', in which he ardently defended the doctrine.{{sfn|Farooqi|1999|p=231}}
The doctrine was highly fashionable during [[Akbar]]'s reign (1556–1605), because Sheikh Tajuddin Zakaria Ajodhini used to talk of it privately to Akbar.{{sfn|Rafiabadi|2005|p=230}}

Muhibullah considered that the works of Ibn Arabi should not be interpreted either literally or metaphysically, and had more respect for Ibn Arabi's critics such as Shaikh [[Ala ud-Daula Simnani]] and Mir Saiyid Muhammad Gesu Daraz than for commentators who simply glossed over Ibn Arabi's work.{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=125}}
He was opposed by [[Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri]] (of [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]]) and his followers who attacked Sufism in general and emphasized the importance of rational thought as opposed to dogma and mysticism.{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=125}}
Some ''[[ulama]]'' said that his views about Appearance and Reality were heretical, and Muhibullah should not be considered a Muslim.{{sfn|Faruqi|2007}}
A fatwa was issued for his execution, which was only averted with considerable difficulty.{{sfn|Farooqui|2011|p=209}}

Muhibullah Allahabadi died on 32 July 1648.{{sfn|Mohammada|2007|p=124}}

[[File:Uttar_Pradesh_District_Gazetteers-_Allahabad..jpg|thumb|Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Allahabad. 1968]]

==Legacy==
[[File:Shajra-e-Nasab Muhibbullah Allahabadi.jpg|thumb|Ancestry Muhibbullah Allahabadi]]
[[Aurangzeb]] (r. 1658–1707) may have suspected the orthodoxy of the doctrine of ''wahdat-ul wajud'' propounded by Shah Muhibbullah.{{sfn|Faruqi|2007}}
Aurangzeb threatened to burn his book in which he called [[Gabriel]] a hidden spiritual power in the Prophet rather than a winged angel.{{sfn|Schimmel|1980|p=99}}
It is said that Aurangzeb summoned Muhibbullah's disciple [[Sayyid Muhammad Qannauji]], and asked him to explain how some of Muhibbullah's statements could be reconciled with ''[[Sharia]]''. Qannauji replied that he could only explain Muhibbullah's words when he reached a similar spiritual status, which was far above his present condition. He also said that the emperor had enough fire in his kitchen and did not have to use a poor man's fire.{{sfn|Faruqi|2007}}

The important shrine of Daira Shah Hujjatulla in Allahabad was founded by Muhibullah.{{sfn|Gooptu|2001|p=251}}
Sheikh [[Mohsin Fani]] of [[Kashmir]], a disciple of Molla Serf, celebrated Muhibullah in one of his poems.
Muhibullah had invested Mohisan Fani in the sacred costume of the Dervish.{{sfn|Ouseley|1845|p=408}}
Muhibullah was considered an important saint by the Sabiriya order of Sufis, founded by [[Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari]].{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=314-315}}
In the early 20th century the month of [[Rajab]] was treated as a time for holiness and festivities in Allahabad, since it was not just the month of the Prophet's ascension but also the month of Muhibullah's [[urs]].{{sfn|Gooptu|2001|p=251}}

==Followers==
Prominent followers of Muhibullah included:
*Qazi Ghasi
*Mohammadi Fayyaz
*[[Sayyid Muhammad Qanauji]]
*Abdul Rashid
* Qazi Muhammad Yusuf Salis Bilgrami
Qazi Mohammad Yusuf Salis Bilgrami (d. unknown) was a Sufi disciple of shiekh Muhibullah Ilahabadi, the friend of Mughal Royal Dara Shikoh. His father, Qazi Abul Makarim was a learned Man and served as a Qazi of Bilgram, his home- town in Awadh. Initially Qazi Muhammad Yusuf Salis was Faujdar in the Province of Malwah, but later he renounced worldly career as it was incompatible with his Sufi way of life. Prince Dara Shikoh formulated sixteen questions of exploring fundamental nature exploring the entire discipline of Sufism and sent them to Shiekh Muhibullah Allahabadi. At his teacher’s indication, Qazi Muhammad Yusuf Salis drafted their answers for submission to the Prince, naming the work: Hadyat us Sultaniyah

*Ahmad

==Writings==
[[File:Khanqah_Hazrat_Shah_Muhibbullah_Allahabadi_Bahadurganj_Allahabad.jpg|thumb|Khanqah Hazrat Shah Muhibbullah Allahabadi Bahadurganj Allahabad]]
A great many of Muhibullah's letters have been preserved, including a letter from Dara Shikoh (1615–59) with a list of questions on esoteric Sufi questions, and the detailed reply from Muhibullah.{{sfn|Faruqi|2007}}
Surviving writings by Muhibullah include:{{sfn|Hadi|1995|p=427}}
*''Sharh-i-Fūsūs ul-Hikam'', an abstruse commentary in simple Persian on Ibn Arabi's ''Fūsūs ul-Hikam''
*''Ibādat ul Khawāss'', code of prayers leading to spiritual discipline
*''Haft-Akhām'', discussion of the seven points leading to spiritual discipline
*''Ghāyat-ul-Ghāyāt''
*''Taswiyah (Equalization)'', defense of the doctrine of ''Tawhid wajudi''
*''Miftāh ul-'ashiqin'', often quoted as the sayings of Nasīr ud-Din Mahmūd Chirāgh-i-Dehli.
Other surviving writings are:{{sfn|Schimmel|1980|p=99}}
*''Tarjamat al-kitāb'', Sufi commentary on the Koran
*''Anfās al-khawāșș'', mystical theories based on the lives and sayings of prophets and saints

==Urs==
[[File:Dargah Of Hazrat Shah Muhibbullah Allahabadi.jpg|thumb|Dargah of Muhibbullah Allahabadi]]
The Urs (death anniversary) of Shah Muhibbullah Allahabadi is celebrated at the Dargah shareef Kydganj Dargah And Bahadurganj Khanqah on the 8th-9th of Rajab.

==References==
{{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.stevenmasood.org/articles/Wahdat.html|last=Brill|first=E.J.|chapter=Wahdat al-Wujud: a fundamental doctrine in Sufism|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam|volume=10 "Tasawwaf"|location=Leiden|publisher=Luzac & Co.|year=1990|access-date=2014-11-10}}
*{{cite book|last=Clarke|first=Peter|title=The World's Religions: Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPeJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|access-date=2014-11-10|date=2002-06-01|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-93195-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&pg=PA314|access-date=2014-11-10|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341517-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Dehlvi|first=Sadia|title=Sufism: Heart of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zw_Q2Rbh7yIC&pg=PT141|access-date=2014-11-10|date=2012-09-05|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=978-93-5029-448-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Farooqi|first=F. U.|title=Lucknow: A Centre of Arabic and Islamic Studies During the Nineteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsPXAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Falāḥ-E-Dārain Trust, Publication Wing|page=231}}
*{{cite book|last=Farooqui|first=Salma Ahmed|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&pg=PA209|access-date=2014-11-10|year=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-3202-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Gooptu|first=Nandini|title=The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZTLEEGmZfQC&pg=PA251|access-date=2014-11-10|date=2001-07-05|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44366-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Hadi|first=Nabi|title=Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjJmzdJFOHwC&pg=PA427|access-date=2014-11-10|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-311-3|chapter=Muhhibb ullah Ilahabadi, Shaikh}}
*{{cite book|last=Mohammada|first=Malika|title=The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwzbYvQszf4C&pg=PA125|access-date=2014-11-10|date=2007-01-01|publisher=Aakar Books|isbn=978-81-89833-18-3}}
*{{cite book|language=fr|last=Ouseley|first=Gore|title=Journal asiatique|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DtHJ6RGtV9kC&pg=PA408|access-date=2014-11-10|year=1845|publisher=Société asiatique|chapter=Note sur le veritable auteur du Dabistan}}
*{{cite book|last=Rafiabadi|first=Hamid Naseem|title=Saints and Saviours of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ysB4DTRgh5sC&pg=PA230|access-date=2014-11-10|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-555-4}}
*{{cite web|last1=Faruqi|first1=Shamsur Rahman|date=September 2007|title=Urdu and Persian Literature in Allahabad|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/srf/txt_allahabad.html|publisher=Columbia.edu|access-date=8 November 2014}}
*{{cite book|last=Schimmel|first=Annemarie|title=Islam in the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYImm1TnemwC&pg=PA98|access-date=2014-11-10|year=1980|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-06117-7}}

{{refend}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]
[[Category:1587 births]]
[[Category:1648 deaths]]

Pawibawia

2025-08-29T01:45:44Z

Veirdo: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Pâwibâwia]]

Relli River

2025-08-24T12:20:29Z

Veirdo: stub!

{{Short description|River in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
The '''Relli,''' a tributary of [[Teesta River]], is a small [[Himalaya]]n river in the [[Indian state]]s of [[Sikkim]] and [[West Bengal]], flowing near [[Kalimpong]].<ref name=Desai>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780802142818 |url-access=registration |title=The Inheritance of Loss |first=Kiran |last=Desai |edition=reprint |publisher=Grove Press |year=2006 |isbn=0802142818 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780802142818/page/157 157], 288 |access-date=2012-10-30}}</ref><ref name=HAI>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoparoundindia.com/west-bengal/kalimpong-attractions/relli-river.aspx |title=About Relli River Information-Kalimpong |publisher=Hop Around India online |work=West Bengal |access-date=2012-11-06}}</ref> The source of the Relli lies in between the Alagara - Lava forest range at an elevation of {{convert|8000|ft|m|disp=flip}} known as Tiffin Dara and ends at 800 ft, confluence with the Teesta .<ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Orchid Digest |title=Rediscovering Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. in the Teesta Valley |volume=37 |page=42 |author1=A. B. Willoughby |author2=John R. Walter |author3=F. A. Fowlie |publisher=Orchid Digest Corporation |year=1973 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e69LAQAAIAAJ |access-date=2012-11-06}}</ref> The river runs less than {{convert|10|km|mi|0}} from central Kalimpong, separated by [[Deolo Hill]].<ref name=HAI/><ref>{{cite book|title=India Handbook |series=Footprint handbooks |publisher=Trade & Travel Publications |year=2000 |page=618 |isbn=9780844248417 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RowAQAAIAAJ |access-date=2012-10-30}}</ref> Fed by its main tributaries, [[Khani River]] and [[Pala River]], the Relli flows into the [[Teesta River]] about {{convert|32|km|mi}} south of central [[Kalimpong]].<ref name=HAI/>

The northerly slopes along the Relli in Upper Echhay Sherpagaon, in Sikkim, are home to a cluster of some 50 [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] households.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOfaAAAAMAAJ |title=Proceedings of the Indian Statistical Institute Golden Jubilee International Conference on Human Genetics and Adaptation: Human genetics |volume=1 |editor1=Amitabha Basu |editor2=K. C. Malhotra |publisher=Indian Statistical Institute |year=1984 |page=309 |access-date=2012-11-06}}</ref> The village of [[Relli, Sikkim|Relli]] is located on its banks downriver from Kalimpong, connected to the city by road and trails.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rough Guide to India |series=Rough Guides |edition=8 |publisher=Penguin |year=2011 |isbn=978-1405385831 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A32I8DTLoFMC |page=790 |access-date=2012-10-30}}</ref>

==Tourism==
[[Rinchingpong]], a [[tourism in India|tourist area]] situated in the northern part of Kalimpong, overlooks the Relli. The Relli is a popular weekend destination among Kalimpong locals for attractions including local cuisine, picnicking spots, boating, and recreational fishing. A Wayside Inn managed by the West Bengal Tourism Department is located nearby.<ref name=Desai/><ref name=HAI/><ref name=KL>{{cite web |url=http://www.kalimponglive.com/popups/relli-river.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126235054/http://www.kalimponglive.com/popups/relli-river.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-26 |title=Relli River |publisher=Kalimponglive online |date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2012-11-06 }}</ref>

A fair is held annually at the Relli on the [[Makar Sankranti]] holiday (January 14).<ref name=KL/>

==Historical sites==
[[Gompa]]s, or [[Buddhist monastery|monasteries]], lie near the river, with an overlook at [[Jelep La]] Viewpoint.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_bYWjJOe9cC |page=168 |title=Lonely Planet Northeast India |series=Regional Guide Series |publisher=Lonely Planet |first=Joe |last=Bindloss |edition=2d |year=2009 |isbn=978-1741793192 |access-date=2012-10-30}}</ref>

[[Bhutan House]], in West Bengal, also overlooks the Relli River below a deep valley.<ref name=Syamukapu>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbgVAQAAMAAJ |title=Syamukapu: The Lhasa Newars of Kalimpong and Kathmandu |first=Deb Shova Kansakar |last=Hilker |publisher=Vajra Publications |year=2005 |isbn=99946-644-6-8 |access-date=2011-08-12}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Sikkim}}

{{coord missing|Sikkim}}

[[Category:Rivers of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Rivers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Teesta River]]
[[Category:Rivers of Kalimpong district]]

Indegene

2025-08-17T20:21:42Z

Veirdo: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|Indian multinational company}}
{{Advert|lead|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Indegene Limited
| logo = Indegene Logo png.png
| caption =
| former_name = Indegene Lifesystems Private Limited (1998–2016) Indegene Private Limited (2016–2022)
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NSE|INDGN}}|{{BSE|544172}}}}
| industry = [[Pharmaceutical]] [[consultancy]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/indegene-ends-26-higher-on-listing-day/article68171369.ece | title=Indegene ends 26% higher on listing day | date=13 May 2024 }}</ref>
| fate =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1998}}
| founders = Rajesh Nair Manish Gupta Sanjay Parikh Anand Kiran Gaurav Kapoor
| hq_location =
| location_city = [[Bangalore]]
| location_country = India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Manish Gupta (CEO)<ref>{{cite news |title=Indegene on the prowl for global acquisitions |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/indegene-on-the-prowl-for-global-acquisitions/article32337770.ece |access-date=8 January 2023 |work=The Hindu Businessline |date=12 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| products =
| production =
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|2589|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|584|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/>
| net_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|336|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24">{{cite web |title=Fact Sheet – Q4 FY2024 |url=https://resources.indegene.com/indegene/investor-relations/quarterly-results/q4-2023-2024/fact-sheet-q4-fy2024.pdf |publisher=Indegene |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref>
| assets =
| equity =
| parent =
| owners = {{ubl|[[N. S. Raghavan]] (24.4%)|[[The Carlyle Group|Carlyle Group]] (10.22%)<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlyle Group sells 4.3% in Indegene for ₹636 cr |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/carlyle-group-sells-4-3-in-indegene-for-636-cr/articleshow/115945275.cms |access-date=4 December 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 December 2024}}</ref>|Brighton Park Capital (9.55%)}}
| num_employees = 5,081 (March 2024)<ref name="fy24"/>
| homepage = {{URL|www.indegene.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Indegene Limited''' is an Indian company that provides research and [[commercialization]] services to [[biopharmaceutical]] and [[healthcare]] enterprises.<ref name="ETKart">{{cite news | last=Das| first=Avik| title =Flipkart, Practo CEOs get top rating from staff| newspaper =[[The Economic Times]]| date =2 September 2015 | url =http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-09-02/news/66143777_1_infosys-ceo-vishal-sikka-ceo-t-k-kurien-cent| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150908022908/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-09-02/news/66143777_1_infosys-ceo-vishal-sikka-ceo-t-k-kurien-cent| url-status =dead| archive-date =8 September 2015| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Mint">{{cite news | last=Singh| first=Seema| title =Cutting pharma costs by intelligent marketing| newspaper =[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]| date =7 May 2009 | url =http://www.livemint.com/Companies/Wmpl5jnp7SG06Yrn6X5CIL/Cutting-pharma-costs-by-intelligent-marketing.html| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="BS2006">{{cite news | last=Unnikrishnan| first=CH| title =Indegene buys US firm| newspaper =[[Business Standard]]| date =8 November 2006 | url =http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/indegene-buys-us-firm-106110801104_1.html| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref> Based in [[Bangalore]], the company provides consulting in [[pharmaceutical marketing]], [[clinical trial]]s, [[pharmacovigilance]], [[Medical science liaison|medical]] and [[regulatory affairs]], and [[health informatics]].<ref name="Nikkei">{{cite news | last=Murayama| first=Keiichi| title =India's tech muscle has the world's attention | newspaper =[[The Nikkei]]| date =19 February 2015 | url =http://asia.nikkei.com/magazine/20150219-India-s-got-the-bright-stuff/On-the-Cover/India-s-tech-muscle-has-the-world-s-attention?page=2| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Revenue">{{cite news |title=Indegene files papers with Sebi; eyes ₹3,200 crore via IPO |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/ipo/indegene-files-papers-with-sebi-eyes-rs-3-200-crore-via-ipo-11671103045857.html |access-date=8 January 2023 |work=mint |date=15 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Indegene was founded in 1998 by Dr. Rajesh Nair, Manish Gupta, Gaurav Kapoor, Dr.Sanjay Parikh and Anand Kiran.<ref name="ETCallCentre">{{cite news | last=Amirapu| first=Deepika| title =Indegene eyes US call centre buy for $10–15 million| newspaper =[[The Economic Times]]| date =9 March 2012 | url =http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-09/news/31139486_1_indegene-lifesystems-marketing-medical-education| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151119075559/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-09/news/31139486_1_indegene-lifesystems-marketing-medical-education| url-status =dead| archive-date =19 November 2015| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref> Indegene's first acquisition was Medsn, a company that provided medical education. Medsn continued to operate under the same name in the United States.<ref name="ETMed">{{cite news | last=D'Silva| first=Jeetha| title =Indegene acquires US medical education co| newspaper =[[The Economic Times]]| date =17 September 2005 | url =http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-09-17/news/27506888_1_equity-firm-ge-equity-subsidiary| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151016233025/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-09-17/news/27506888_1_equity-firm-ge-equity-subsidiary| url-status =dead| archive-date =16 October 2015| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref> In 2008, Medsn officially became Indegene Pharmaceutical Solutions in the United States. In 2006, Indegene acquired MedCases, a [[continuing medical education]] company based in the United States.<ref name="BS2006"/><ref name="NFV"/>

In 2009, Indegene signed a [[master service agreement]] with six pharmaceutical companies.<ref name="Mint"/><ref name="PBOptimax">{{cite news| title =Indegene highlights benefits of patient adherence programs for pharma cos| publisher =PharmaBiz| date =3 June 2011| url =http://pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=63241&sid=2| access-date =2 October 2015| archive-date =19 November 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151119144237/http://pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=63241&sid=2| url-status =dead}}</ref> The following year, Indegene acquired [[Canada]]-based Aptilon, a [[multichannel marketing]] firm, for $4 million.<ref name="TOICanada">{{cite news | last=Mukherjee| first=Rupali| title =Indegene to acquire Canada-based company for $4 million | newspaper =[[Times of India]]| date =7 November 2012 | url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Indegene-to-acquire-Canada-based-company-for-4-million/articleshow/17133296.cms| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref> The company subsequently acquired [[Atlanta]]-based Total Therapeutic Management in 2014.<ref name="TTM">{{cite news | last=Craig| first=Tara| title =Indegene acquires Total Therapeutic Management | publisher =PMLive.com| date =9 January 2014 | url =http://www.pmlive.com/pharma_news/indegene_acquires_total_therapeutic_management_532004| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref>

In September 2019, Indegene acquired London-based consulting company, DT Associates, for $10 million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balakrishnan |first1=Reghu |title=Healthcare tech firm Indegene acquires DT Associates |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/healthcare-tech-firm-indegene-acquires-dt-associates/articleshow/70960667.cms |access-date=28 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 September 2019}}</ref>

In February 2021, [[the Carlyle Group]] and Brighton Park Capital invested $200 million in Indegene.<ref name="LiveMint">{{cite news | last=Madhurima| first=Nandy| title =Indegene to raise $200 mn from Carlyle, Brighton Park| newspaper =[[LiveMint]]| date =3 February 2021 | url =https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/indegene-to-raise-200-mn-from-carlyle-brighton-park-11612286897793.html| access-date =20 August 2021}}</ref> In August 2021, Indegene acquired Medical Marketing Economics (MME), an American [[market access]] and [[pricing science|pricing strategy]] company, for $10 million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baruah |first1=Ayushman |title=Indegene acquires US-based Medical Marketing Economics for $10 mn |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/indegene-acquires-us-based-medical-marketing-economics-for-10-mn-11630322193354.html |access-date=28 April 2024 |work=Mint |date=30 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Indegene went [[Public company|public]] in May 2024 with an [[initial public offering]], raising {{INRconvert|1842|c}}. It listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]] and the [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Narayanan |first1=KS Badri |title=Indegene IPO opens today in ₹430-452 price band |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/ipo-screener-indegene-issue-opens-today-in-430-452-price-band/article68143174.ece |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=BusinessLine |date=6 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="fy23">{{cite news |title=PE firms Carlyle, Nadathur Fareast, Brighton Park Capital-backed Indegene IPO to open on May 6 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/pe-firms-carlyle-nadathur-fareast-brighton-park-capital-backed-indegene-ipo-to-open-on-may-6-12709591.html |access-date=28 April 2024 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

==Operations==
Indegene has offices in India, the United States, the [[European Union]], and [[Asia-Pacific]].<ref name="PB2012">{{cite news| last =Vijay| first =Nandita| title =Indegene plans next phase of growth through acquisition in US, EU markets| publisher =PharmaBiz| date =7 November 2012| url =http://pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=72031&sid=1| access-date =2 October 2015| archive-date =19 November 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151119144607/http://pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=72031&sid=1| url-status =dead}}</ref><ref name="NFV">{{cite news | title =Indegene acquires MedCases, LLC| publisher =NFV Zone| date =30 November 2006 | url =http://www.nfvzone.com/news/2006/11/30/2123279.htm| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref>

In 2011 and 2012, ''[[The Economic Times]]'' named Indegene one of the best companies to work for in the Professional Services industry.<ref name="ETBest">{{cite news | title =Best companies to work for 2012: Companies that came up trumps across various sectors| newspaper =[[The Economic Times]]| date =16 July 2012 | url =http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-16/news/32698621_1_india-s-best-companies-vodafone-india-work-institute| archive-url =https://archive.today/20130411034848/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-16/news/32698621_1_india-s-best-companies-vodafone-india-work-institute| url-status =dead| archive-date =11 April 2013| access-date =2 October 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Contract research organization}}

[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Health care companies established in 1998]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:2024 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:The Carlyle Group companies]]

Rangpo Chu

2025-07-12T07:11:00Z

Veirdo: Made redirect

#redirect[[Rangpo River]]

Mallikarjuna Temple, Hirenallur

2025-07-06T22:23:29Z

Veirdo: started a location.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mallikarjuna Temple
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Hindu temple
| image_skyline = File:Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mallikarjuna temple (12th-13th century) [[Chikkamagaluru district]]
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chikkamagaluru District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Mallikarjuna Temple''' at Hirenallur is a [[Hoysala empire|Hoysala]] era construction. Hirenallur is a village, about 12 km from [[Kadur]], [[Chikkamagaluru district]], in the [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]. The monument is protected by the Karnataka state division of [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref name="protect">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_protected_monu_karnataka.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Protected Monuments-List of State Protected|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> The monument which was in a state of dis-repair was renovated around 2004 by the "Sri Dharmasthala Manjunathaeshwara Dharmothana Trust", with assistance of the Department of Culture, Government of India.<ref name="manju">{{cite web |title=Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple|url=http://www.sdmdharmothanatrust.org/project_temple.php?project_id=176|author=|publisher=Sri Dharmasthala Manjunathaeshwara Dharmothana Trust |accessdate=17 November 2014}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Mallikarjuna Temple, Hirenallur}}
* Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kamath |first=Suryanath U. |title=A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present |orig-date=1980 |year=2001 |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |oclc=7796041 |lccn=80905179}}
* Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-7017-312-4}}.
{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Rear view of trikutachala shrines in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur.JPG|Rear view of ''trikutachala'' ("three towers") shrines in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur
Rear profile of Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur.JPG|Rear profile of Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur
Closed mantapa connecting three shrines in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur.JPG|Closed ''[[mantapa]]'' (hall) connecting three shrines in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur
Theme from the Hindu lore in relief in the ceiling of the Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur.JPG|Themes from the Hindu lore in relief in the ceiling of the Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur
Ornate bay ceiling in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur.JPG|Ornate bay ceiling in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur
Ornate bay ceiling in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur 1.JPG|Ornate bay ceiling in Mallikarjuna temple at Hirenallur

</gallery>

[[Category:Hindu temples in Chikmagalur district]]

Government Degree College, Bemina

2025-06-18T05:49:02Z

Veirdo:

{{Short description|College in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College
| established = {{Start date and years ago|1970|df=y|p=y}}
| city = [[Bemina, Srinagar]]
| native_name = {{nq|عبدل احد آزاد میموریل ڈگری کالج، بمنہ}}
| image = Dgc Bemina logo.png

| principal = Prof. (Dr.) Mudasir Afshan
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) |Jammu and Kashmir]]
| coordinates = {{coord|34.080|74.779|display=title,inline}}
| campus = Urban
| campus_size = {{Convert|37.5|acre}}
| language = Urdu, English, Kashmiri, Arabic, Persian
| other_name = Government Degree College Bemina
| motto = {{nq|زندگی شمع کی صورت ہو خُدایا میری }}
| mottoeng = "O My God Make My Life Like a Candle"
| affiliations = {{bulleted list|[[University of Kashmir]] (1970-2017) |[[Cluster University of Srinagar]] (2017-present)}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.gdcbemina.edu.in}}
}}
The '''Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial College Bemina''' ([[Urdu]];{{nq|عبدل احد آزاد میموریل ڈگری کالج، بمنہ }}) formerly known as '''GDC Bemina''', '''Government Degree College, Bemina''' is a [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] recognized college in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] located on 283 Kanal (35.3 acre) campus in state summer capital [[Srinagar]]. It is affiliated with the [[Cluster University of Srinagar]]. It was established in the year 1970 and has been operational since 1972. The '''college has the largest campus in the state''' of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] spread over 283 kanal of land.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College Bemina, Srinagar|url = https://gdcbemina.edu.in/page.php?slug=college-profile}}</ref>

It has been '''awarded grade "A" by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]].'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College Bemina, Srinagar|url = http://www.indiastudychannel.com/colleges/56171-Government http://www.gdcbemina.com/CollegeProfile.aspx|website = IndiaStudyChannel.com|accessdate = 2015-10-22}}</ref> The institution
offers undergraduate programs in Science,
Humanities, Social Sciences, Commerce, and
Management Studies under [[NEP 2020]].

== Location ==
It is located in [[Bemina]] Srinagar about {{convert|2|km|spell=in}} west from [[Srinagar]] city center [[Lal Chowk]] in the neighborhood of [[Batmaloo]] opposite [[Iqbal Memorial Institute]].

== Establishment ==
The college has been established during the reign of the then Chief Minister of [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir|J&K]] state [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq|Ghulam Mohamad Sadiq]] in the year 1970. It started academic operations in the year 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Government Degree College Bemina-College Profile, Bemina Srinagar, web Development Srinagar, NetShell Software Solutions Srinagar, Rayies Zargar,Top & Best Colleges in Srinagar, NAAC Accredited Colleges in Srinagar.|url = http://www.gdcbemina.com/CollegeProfile.aspx|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100821120435/http://www.gdcbemina.com/CollegeProfile.aspx|url-status = usurped|archive-date = 21 August 2010|website = www.gdcbemina.com|accessdate = 2015-10-22}}</ref>

== Degrees offered ==
* Bachelor of Arts Honours
* Bachelor of Science Honours (medical)
* Bachelor of Science Honours (non-medical)
* Bachelor of Commerce Honours
* B.Voc(Banking & Financial Services)
* i-MCom,i-MBA
* Bachelor of Business Administration Honours
* Master of Commerce
* Integrated Political Science
* Integrated History

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{University of Kashmir}}

[[Category:Degree colleges in Kashmir Division]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:University of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Cluster University of Srinagar]]

Rajaram Jain

2025-05-01T05:53:09Z

Veirdo: stub!

{{Short description|Indian linguist (born 1929)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Rajaram Jain
| image = Rajaram Jain-2024.jpg
| caption = Rajaram Jain in 2024
| birth_date = {{bda|1 February 1929|df=y}}

| occupation = Author, Linguist and Scholar
| language = [[Prakrit]], [[Apabramsha]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]]
| awards = {{ubl|
|- [[Padma Shri]] (2024)
|- [https://www.education.gov.in/language-education-6/ Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour] (2000)||}}
| honorific_prefix = Professor
| birth_place = [[Malthone]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[British India]]
| nationality = Indian
| spouse = Prof. Dr. Vidyawati Jain
| children = 4
}}
'''Rajaram Jain''' (born 1 February 1929) is an [[Indologist]], [[philologist]], author and a scholar of [[Prakrit]], [[Apabhramsha]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]] and [[Shauraseni Prakrit]] languages. He is known for his critical studies and Hindi translations of rare, unpublished manuscripts, particularly the work of the 14th -15th century poet [[Raidhu]]. Jain's work has contributed to the understanding of [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] literature. In 2024, the [[Government of India]] honoured Rajaram Jain with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian honour.<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Information Bureau |date=2024-01-25 |title=Padma Awards 2024 announced |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/PadmaAwards2024_01252024.pdf |work=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India |access-date=2024-06-19 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bajpai |first=Vivek |date=2024-01-27 |title=12 personalities who have brought glory to Uttar Pradesh will be honoured |url=https://batenupki.com/news/aaj-ka-up/12-personalities-who-have-brought-glory-to-up-will-be-honoured-0002771 |access-date=2024-06-20 |work=Baten UP Ki}}</ref>

==Early life==
Rajaram Jain<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sinha |first=Meenakshi |date=2024-01-29 |title=95-yr-old gets Padma Shri for research on ancient scripts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/95-yr-old-gets-padma-shri-for-research-on-ancient-scripts/articleshow/107214346.cms |access-date=2024-06-19 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> was born on February 1, 1929, in [[Malthon]], [[Sagar District|Sagar]] district, [[Bundelkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. Despite economic challenges and the early loss of his parents, he completed his education. He graduated from [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1951, earned a Master's degree in Hindi literature in 1954, and later obtained an Acharya degree in Sanskrit.

== Personal life ==
[[Image:Rajaram Jain with his wife Vidyawati Jain.jpg|thumb|right|Rajaram Jain with his wife, Vidyawati Jain in 2018]]

In 1955, Rajaram Jain married Vidyawati Jain, who was 18 and had a 9th-grade education. Despite her traditional upbringing that limited women's education, she resumed her studies after marriage, eventually earning two M.A. degrees (Hindi and Prakrit with a Gold medal), a Ph.D., and a D.Litt. Rajaram Jain supported her academic and literary pursuits.

==Career==
In 1961, he joined the Sanskrit and Prakrit Department at H.D. Jain College, [[Magadh University]], [[Arrah]], [[Bihar]], and later served as Head of the Department. In 1967, he earned his Ph.D. with a critical study of 22 rare unpublished Apabhramsha epics by the poet [[Raidhu]], titled "Raidhu Sahitya ka Alochanatmaka Parishilana"<ref>Granoff, Phyllis (2006). "Mountains of Eternity: Raidhū and the Colossal Jinas of Gwalior". P.2, 3, 20 [https://web.archive.org/web/20140422145713/http://www.fupress.net/index.php/rss/article/viewFile/2455/2290]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jaina |first=Rājārāma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5TIGhiobUrEC |title=Raidhū sāhitya kā ālocanātmaka-pariśīlana |date=1974 |publisher=Prākr̥ta, Jainaśāstra, aura Ahiṃsā Śodha-Saṃsthāna |language=hindi}}</ref><ref name=":1">CLERCQ, EVA DE (2010). [https://www.academia.edu/5329792/ON_JAINA_APABHRA%E1%B9%82%C5%9AA_PRA%C5%9AASTIS ON JAINA APABHRAṂŚA PRAŚASTIS] P. 6, 7</ref> which gained academic recognition.
As Hon. Director of [[Jain Siddhant Bhawan|D. K. Jain Oriental Research Institute]] Ara, Bihar (1979–2003), he carried out extensive research and edited/published the research magazine 'JAINA ANTIQUARY'.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1999 |title=Jaina Antiquary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YjXAAAAMAAJ |journal=Devkumar Jain Oriental Research Institute}}</ref> He also managed a collection of over 7,000 rare manuscripts from around the world.

In 1991, he became the Director of Shri Kundkund Bharati Prakrit Shodh Sansthan, New Delhi, where he edited and published the research magazine series PRAKRIT VIDYA'.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2001 |title=Prakrit Vidya |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/003215/3 |journal=Kundkund Bharti Trust}}</ref> He is currently an associate member of the Centre of Jaina Studies, University of London,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2023 |title=CoJS Newsletter |journal=SOAS, University of London |issue=18 |pages=2}}</ref> and formerly served as the President of Shri Ganesh Varni Sansthan, Varanasi.he 1940s.

==Academic Recognition==
[[Image:Prof. Rajaram Jain received The Insitut de France's 2018 Colette Caillat Prize for his book Sirival Cariu.jpg|thumb|left|Rajaram Jain receiving The [[Institut de France]]'s Prize for 'Sirival Cariu' in 2018]]
[[Image: Itihas Ratna award 2.jpg|thumb|left|The Vice President, [[B. D. Jatti]] presenting 'Jain Itihas Ratna' to Rajaram Jain in 1974
]]
In 2018, Rajaram Jain received the prestigious 'Colette Caillat Foundation Award<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://aibl.fr/prix-et-fondations-presentation/palmares-2018/|title=Palmarès 2018}}</ref>' from the [[Institut de France]], Paris, for his book 'Sirival Chariu',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Rajaram |date=2018 |title=Institut de France's Colette Caillat Award for Sirival Cariu Pg4 |url=https://aibl.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/LI-172.pdf |website=ACADÉMIE DES INSCRIPTIONS ET BELLES-LETTRES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 2024 |title=Raja Ram Jain Sirival Cariu Pg1 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2018_num_162_4_96647?q=Siriv%C4%81lacariu |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=PARCOURIR LES COLLECTIONS}}</ref> a critical edition and Hindi translation of the 15th-century [[Apabhraṃśa|Apabhramsha]] epic by poet [[Raidhu]], highlighting India's trade relations with foreign countries. In 1974, he was honored with the 'Jain Itihas Ratna' award from the Vice-President of India [[B. D. Jatti|B.D.Jatti]] for his book 'Vaddhamanacariu<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Rajaram |date=2010 |title=Vaḍḍhamaṇacariu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nDYtAQAAIAAJ&q=Vad%CC%A3d%CC%A3haman%CC%A3acariu |access-date=16 June 2024 |website=Google Books}}</ref>', a significant 12th-century literary and cultural masterpiece. Jain's scholarly pursuits include 'Jony Pahud', a rare deciphering of a 1st-Cen. Prakrit manuscript revealing medico-tantric insights. Additionally, his collaborative work Pasnaha Cariu<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Rajaram |title=Pāsaṇāhacariu |publisher=Bhartiya jnanpith |year=2006 |isbn=9788126312009}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> delves into 12th-century manuscripts, providing the first reference to [[Delhi]] as Dhilli and detailing the reign of Tribhuvanpati Tomar, shedding light on Delhi's pre-Sultanate history with critical editions and Hindi translations enriched by exhaustive research and analysis.

== Awards, Honours and Recognitions ==
Rajaram Jain has been honored with awards for his contributions to literature, including:

=== Civilian honours ===

* 2024 - [[Padma Shri]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2024 |title=The Gazette of India, Padma awards, Pg 9 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/padmaaward_09052024.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=CNBCTV18 |date=26 January 2024 |title=Padma awards 2024: Here's the full list of 132 awardees |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/padma-awards-2024-here-is-the-full-list-of-132-awardees-padma-vibhushan-padma-bhushan-padma-shri-18897961.htm |access-date=23 June 2024 |work=CNBC TV18}}</ref> award from the [[Government of India]] in Literature & Education

===National honours===
[[Image:The President of India, K. R. Narayanan presenting a citation to Professor Raja Ram Jain at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg |thumb|right|Rajaram Jain receiving 'Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour'<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Presidential Award of Certificate |url=https://www.education.gov.in/language-education-6}}</ref> from [[K. R. Narayanan]], the [[President of India]], in 2000 ]]

* 2000 - Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2001 |title=President's award for Rajaram Jain P1 |url=https://www.jainsamaj.org/uploads/pdf/ahimsa_times_February_2001.pdf |website=Jain Ahimsa Times}}</ref> from the [[Government of India]]
* 1974 - Jain Itihas Ratna<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Dr. Raja Ram Jain |url=https://encyclopediaofjainism.com/dr-raja-ram-jain/#:~:text=In%20recognition%20of%20his%20meritorius,2500%2F%2D%20in%201974}}</ref> by the Vice-President of India [[B. D. Jatti|B.D.Jatti]]
* 2005 - D.Litt. (Honoris Causa) from Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University<ref>{{cite web | url=https://slbsrsv.ac.in/academic/convocation?tid=2456 | title=Convocation | Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University }}</ref>
* 2019 - Honored with a FESTSCHRIFT titled: 'Prakrit Purush'; a memoirs containing articles, essays (ISBN 81-86957-54-5)
* 2024 - 'Atal Sahitya Shikhar Samman' <ref name="AtalAward2024">Shibra Arshad (December 25, 2024). "Atal Samman Samaroh Honors Excellence Across Fields on Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s Birth Anniversary". Bharat Express. [https://english.bharatexpress.com/india/atal-samman-samaroh-honors-excellence-across-fields-on-atal-bihari-vajpayees-birth-anniversary-183766]</ref>

===International honours===

* 2018 - Colette Caillat Foundation Award<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2018 |title=Institut de France's award to Rajaram Jain for book Sirival Cariu P.4 |url=https://aibl.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/LI-172.pdf |website=ACADÉMIE DES INSCRIPTIONS ET BELLES-LETTRES}}</ref> from Institut de France, Paris
* 2007 - Prakrit Jnanabharati International Award<ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2023 |title=CoJS Newsletter |journal=SOAS, University of London |issue=18 |pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Maramkal |first=MB |date=2010 |title=Justice Ajith Kabbin presented International Award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/justice-ajith-kabbin-chairman-karnataka-administrative-tribunal-presengted-international-award-and-rs-1-51-lakh-cheque-to-rajaram-jain-of-noida-nalini-balbir-from-university-of-paris-and-prof-adelheid-mette-from-germany-for-their-achievements-in-the-field-of-prakrit-language-at-an-international-seminar-organised-at-shravanabelagola-sri-charukeerthy-bhattaraka-swamiji-urged-the-chief-minister-to-hlep-the-mutt-to-organize-an-international-conference-on-prakrit-here-in-november-2011-/articleshow/6748976.cms |access-date=23 June 2024 |work=The Times of India}} </ref>
* 1997 - Ahimsa International Award<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahimsa Foundation, India |url=https://www.jainsamaj.org/content.php?url=Ahimsa_International_-_New_Delhi |website=www.jainsamaj.org}}</ref>

==Publications==
Rajaram Jain has authored 40 books and over 250 articles on various aspects of Ancient and medieval life. His works include critical editions, annotated translations and commentaries on rare, unpublished manuscripts:

===Critical Edition and Translation of Poet Raidhu's work===
A partial list of published works on Raidhu includes:

* Raidhu Sahitya ka Alochanatmaka-Parishilana<ref name=":0" /> (1974); 824 Pages; Prakrta Jaina Shashtra Aur Ahimsa Shodha Sansthan, Vaishali, Bihar
* Siddhantatthasaro (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-90659-57-9}}
* Jimandhar Jin Chariu (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-90659-56-2}}
* Appa-Samvohkavva (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-86402-64-6}}
* Risahputta-Bharah-Bahubali-Chariu (2021): Published in 2020; Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-87919-87-7}}
* Mehesar Chariu (2019); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-87919-23-5}}
* Sirival Chariu (2017); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-263-5592-6}}
* Riṭthaṇemi Chariu (2016); Meenakshi Prakashan, Meerut
* Siri Ram Chariu (2011); Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa in Vaishali, Bihar {{ISBN|978-93-81403-05-1}}
* Sanmati Charit (2010); Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa in Vaishali, Bihar; {{ISBN|978-81-904865-9-0}}
* Jambu-Sami Chariu (2008); Om Kothari Foundation, New Delhi
* Vittasaro (2006); Vidya Bhushan Charitable Trust, New Delhi
* Puṇyāsrava-kathā (2000); Śrī Digambara Jaina Sāhitya-Saṃskr̥ti Saṃrakshaṇa Samiti, Delhi
* Bhadrabāhu-Cāṇakya-Candragupta-kathānaka evaṃ Rājā Kalki-varṇana (1982); Sri Ganesha Varni Di. Jaina Samsthana, Varanasi
* Raidhu Granthavali Vol1<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiQhAAAAMAAJ&q=%22rajaram%20jain%22 | title=Raidhū-granthāvalī: Pāsaṇāhacariu, Dhaṇṇakumāracariu, Sukosalacariu | date=1975 | publisher=Jaina-Saṃskr̥ti-Saṃrakshaka-saṅgha }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=DE CLERCQ |first=EVA |date=2010 |title=ON JAINA APABHRAṂŚA PRAŚASTIS, Ref. Raidhu Granthavali P100 |url=https://www.academia.edu/5329792 |website=Academia}}</ref>(1975) Sholapur Jaina Samskrti Samraksaka Samgha - Pasnah Chariu - Sukosala Chariu - Dhannakumar Chariu
* Raidhu Granthavali<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bajpai |first=K.D. |date=2006 |title=History of Gopāchala, Ref. Raidhu Granthavali P100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3KcwLKuRnYC&dq=%22rajaram+jain%22&pg=PA29 |publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith |isbn=978-81-263-1155-2 }}</ref> Vol 2 (1988); Sholapur Jaina Samskrti Samraksaka Samgha - Sammai-Jina-chariu

=== Other Works ===

* Jony-Pahuda (2018); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-87919-23-5}}
* Pasanaha Chariu<ref name=":2" /> (2006); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-81-263-1200-9}}
* Vaddhmanchariu (1975); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi
* Prākr̥ta-bhāshā evaṃ śramaṇa-saṃskr̥ti kī vyāpakatā (2019); Prakrit Bharti Academy, Jaipur
* Bhavishya Datta Kavya (2015); Sri Bharatavarsiya Digambara Jaina Mahasabha, New Delhi
* Jain Literature -The Incredible Treasure of Ancient Knowledge and Science (2015); Prachya Shraman Bharti, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.)
* Contribution of Prakrit & Jain Literature to Indian Orientology– An Overview (2010); Jain Anushilana Kendra, Jaipur, Rajasthan
* Shauseni Prakrit Bhasha Evum Uske Sahitya ka sankshipta Itihaas (2010); Jain Anushilana Kendra, Jaipur, Rajasthan
* Jaina Manuscripts and Inscriptions-An Overview (2007); Sri Ganesha Varni Di. Jaina Samsthana, Varanasi; {{ISBN|978-81-86957-48-6}}
* Ahimsa Evam Paryaavaran Sanrakshan Siddhaanton Ka Akshay Shrot (2007); Mr. Mohanlal Chandravati Jain Charitable Trust, Delhi
* Mahameru Acharya Kundakunda, an East Indian Knowledge-Science (Kannada) (2006); NIPSAR, Mysore, Karnataka
* Shaurseni Prakrit & its Literature (2002); Govt. of India Registration No. 48869/89
* Prachya Bhartiya Gyan-Vigyan ke Mahameru Acharya Kundkund (1989); Prachyabharati Prakashan, Ara, Bihar
* Hindi Ke Prasiddha Lokkavi (1988); Dilli Siksha Bharati
* Contribution of Jaina Literature to the Development of Indian Culture Vol. 1 (1982); Krishna Nagar Jaina Samaj, Delhi. Author: Nemichand Shastri, Ed: Rajaram Jain, Devendra Kr. Shastri
* Contribution of Jaina Literature to the Development of Indian Culture Vol. 2 (1982); Krishna Nagar Jaina Samaj, Delhi. Author: Nemichand Shastri, Ed: Rajaram Jain, Devendra Kr. Shastri
* Shraman-sahitya men varnit Bihar ki kuchh jain tirthabhumiyan (1975); Bhagavan Mahavir, Gaya, Bihar

== References ==
<references />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Indian philologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Utran Gas Based Power Station

2025-04-30T06:45:23Z

Veirdo: slightly added intro for consistency further and updated info per standard format

'''Utran Gas Based Power Station''' is located on the bank of the Tapi River near the city of [[Surat]], in [[Surat district]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. It is one of the gas-based power plants operated by [[Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited]].

== Capacity ==

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Stage !! Unit Number !! Installed Capacity ([[Watt#Megawatt|MW]]) !! Date of Commissioning !! [[Gas Turbine|GT]] / [[Steam Turbine|ST]]
|-
| 1 || 1 || 30 || 1992 December || GT <ref name="gsecl">{{cite web|url=http://www.gsecl.in/powerplants.php|title=Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited|publisher=gsecl.in|access-date=2014-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320054558/http://www.gsecl.in/powerplants.php|archive-date=2014-03-20|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 1 || 2 || 30 || 1992 December || GT
|-
| 1 || 3 || 30 || 1993 May || GT
|-
| 1 || 4 || 45 || 1993 July || ST
|-
| 2 || 5 || 228 || 2009 July || GT <ref name="gsecl"></ref>
|-
| 2 || 6 || 147 || 2009 November || ST
|-
|'''Total'''|| 6 || '''510''' || ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Power Plants of Gujarat}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Natural gas-fired power stations in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Surat district]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Gujarat]]

T. O. Bava

2025-04-08T12:48:44Z

Veirdo: Put Up A Info - done

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = T. O. Bava
|birth_date = 20 January 1919
|death_date = 26 July 2007
| office1 = President of the [[Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| 1blankname1 = [[President of the Indian National Congress|National President]]
| 1namedata1 = [[K. Kamaraj]] [[S. Nijalingappa]]
| term_start1 = 1967
| term_end1 = 1969
| predecessor1 = [[K. C. Abraham]]
| successor1 = [[K. K. Viswanathan]]
|office2 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency2 = [[Aluva Assembly constituency|Aluva]]
|term_start2 = 1957
|predecessor2 =
|term_end2 =1964
|successor2 =
}}
'''Tharackandathil Ooran Bava''' (20 January 1919 – 26 July 2007) was an Indian politician who served as the president of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee between 1967 and 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WEBDUNIA |title=ടി.ഒ. ബാവ അന്തരിച്ചു |url=http://malayalam.webdunia.com/article/kerala-news-in-malayalam/ടി-ഒ-ബാവ-അന്തരിച്ചു-107072700009_1.htm |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=malayalam.webdunia.com |language=ml}}</ref> Bava represented [[Aluva Assembly constituency|Aluva]] in the first and second [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala Legislative Assemblies]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m082.htm |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref> Bava also served as a member of the [[Travancore–Cochin|Travancore-Cochin]] Legislative Assembly from 1954 to 1956.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pavanan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIJkAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%92.+%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5 |title=Pavanant̲e ātmakatha |date=2000 |publisher=Kar̲ant̲ Buks |isbn=978-81-240-0928-4 |language=ml}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Travancore–Cochin MLAs 1954–1956]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1957–1959]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1960–1964]]
[[Category:Presidents of Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee]]

Nongthombam Ajit Singh

2025-04-04T00:56:53Z

Veirdo: new!

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1993)}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Ajit Singh
| image =
| fullname = Nongthombam Ajit Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|12|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], Manipur
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = Wicketkeeper

| club1 = [[Manipur cricket team|Manipur]]
| year1 = 2019–20
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 19 January 2020
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1213491.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Nongthombam Ajit Singh''' (born 31 December 1993) is an Indian [[cricket]]er.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1213491.html |title=Ajit Singh |access-date=19 January 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut on 19 January 2020, for [[Manipur cricket team|Manipur]] in the [[2019–20 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203550.html |title=Plate Group, Ranji Trophy at Mangaldoi, Jan 19-22 2020 |access-date=19 January 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1213491}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ajit}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Imphal]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Manipur cricketers]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1993-stub}}

Jagannathpur, Malda

2024-12-22T20:35:12Z

Veirdo: new entry

{{other uses|Jagannathpur (disambiguation){{!}}Jagannathpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jagannathpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.822611|N|87.945344|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.1602
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 13454
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 732125
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 03512
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Baisnabnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baisnabnagar]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jagannathpur''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Kaliachak III]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|24|57|0|N|88|1|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the southern portion of Malda district (including Kaliachak I, Kaliachak II, Kaliachak III, Manikchak and English Bazar CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|0|54|N|88|7|0|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Bagbari | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bagbari]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|52|46|N|88|2|5|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Baliadanga| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Baliadanga]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|51|4|N|88|1|51|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Alipur| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Alipur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|53|37|N|88|5|53|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Bamangram| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bamangram]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|54|16|N|88|5|57|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bara Suzapur| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bara Suzapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|55|10|N|88|4|56|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chaspara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chaspara]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|55|55|N|88|5|37|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Chhota |labela7= Suzapur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Chhota Suzapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|53|30|N|88|2|54|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Jadupur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Jadupur]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|49|44|N|87|56|43|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Jagannathpur| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=Jagannathpur, Malda (CT)|shape-color9=black| label-size9=13|label-color9=black 
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|54|18|N|88|3|50|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jalalpur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Jalalpur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|50|4|N|88|0|40|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Karari Chandpur| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Karari Chandpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|47|34|N|87|59|40|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Krishnapur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Krishnapur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|25|1|7|N|87|59|59|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Milki| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Milki Town]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|55|10|N|88|6|29|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Nazirpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Nazirpur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|52|45|N|88|1|6|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Silampur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Silampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|59|14|N|88|7|2|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Sonatala| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Sonatala, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|25|0|42|N|88|8|35|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Malda| numbered17=M| mark-title17=[[Malda, West Bengal]] (M) | shape-color17= #800000
|mark-coord18={{coord|25|3|26|N|88|8|11|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Old Malda| numbered18=M| mark-title18=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color18= #800000
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|48|16|N|87|55|59|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Farakka Barrage| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Farakka Barrage]] (F) |shape-color19=#967117
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|50|30|N|87|58|39|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Baisnabnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Baisnabnagar, Malda]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|58|35|N|88|0|9|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Bangitola| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Bangitola]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|48|40|N|87|59|43|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Bedrabad| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bedrabad]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|7|50|N|87|52|15|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bhutni| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Bhutni, Malda]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|49|23|N|87|59|19|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Dariapur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Dariapur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|52|5|N|88|1|29|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Kaliachak| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Kaliachak]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|50|47|N|88|8|26|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Mahadipur|labela26= checkpoint| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Mahadipur]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|25|4|53|N|87|53|56|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Manikchak| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Manikchak, Malda]] (R) |shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|56|4|N|88|2|33|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Mothabari| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Mathabari]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|6|37|N|87|53|24|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Mathurapur| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Mathurapur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|56|55|N|87|58|39|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= Panchanandapur| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Panchanandapur]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|49|0|N|87|57|17|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31= Pubarun| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Pubarun]] (R) |shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|59|37|N|88|2|24|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Sattari| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Sattari, West Bengal]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|51|17|N|88|0|2|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Sultanganj| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Sultanganj, Malda]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|52|0|N|88|8|0|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Gauda | mark-title34= [[Gauḍa (city)]] (H)| numbered34=H |shape-color34=#AA6666
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|5|0|N|88|6|0|E}}|label35=Mahananda|labela35= River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35=45| label-pos35=top| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|1|30|N|87|55|0|E}}|label36= Ganges River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36=30| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|mark-coord37={{coord|25|3|0|N|88|14|0|E}}|label37= Tangon River| label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37=-60| label-pos37=top| label-size37=10| mark-size37=0| mark-title37 =none
|mark-coord38={{coord|25|3|20|N|88|2|0|E}}|label38= Kalindri |labela38= River| label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38=-10| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|57|33|N|87|59|30|E}} | label-pos39=right|label39= Birodhi| numbered39=CT| mark-title39=[[Birodhi]] (CT)
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|55|0|N|88|11|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|24|51|0|N|87|51|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-120| arc-gapB=5.5| arc-radiusB=0.35}}

===Location===
Jagannathpur is located at {{coord|24.822611|N|87.945344|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjoining map is the physiographic sub-region known as the ''diara''. It "is a relatively well drained flat land formed by the [[Fluvial processes|fluvial]] deposition of newer [[alluvium]]." The most note-worthy feature is the [[Farakka Barrage]] across the Ganges.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The area is a part of the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]], which is an overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural region]], but the area shown in the map has pockets of [[Urbanisation in India|urbanization]] with 17 census towns, concentrated mostly in the [[Kaliachak I]] CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The bank of the [[Ganges]] between [[Bhutni, Malda|Bhutni]] and [[Panchanandapur]] (both the places are marked on the map), is the area worst hit by [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts|left bank erosion]], a major problem in the Malda area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | title = A Report on the Impact of Farakka Barrage on the Human Fabric, November 1999 | work = The social impact of erosion, pp 13-14 | first = Manisha | last = Banerjee | publisher = South Asia Network On Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi: 110 088 India | access-date = 16 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234303/http://sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The ruins of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]], capital of several empires, is located in this area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 3-4: Malda in Historical Perspective | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jagannathpur had a total population of 13,454, of which 6,843 (51%) were males and 6,611 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,963. The total number of literate persons in Jagannathpur was 7,923 (68.95% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1906_PART_B_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Maldah, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 313762, page 32-33|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 17 August 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Maldah'', 2011, Jagannathpur covered an area of 4.1602 km2. It had 15 km roads with both open and closed drains. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tap water from treated sources, tube well/ bore well. It had 2,000 domestic electric connections, 500 road lighting points. Among the medical facilities it had 1 hospital (with 20 beds), 2 dispensaries/ health centres, 1 maternity and child welfare centre, 8 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities, it had 5 primary schools, 1 middle school, 2 secondary schools, 2 senior secondary schools in town, the nearest general degree college at [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] 30 km away. It had branch offices of 2 nationalised banks, 1 non-agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 775-786; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 775; Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 779-780; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 781-782; Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities: Pages 783-785; Statement VI: Industry & Banking, Page 786 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 8 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Malda district]]

Civil Police Officer

2024-09-14T08:46:31Z

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[[Category:Law enforcement in India]]
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Tomader Rani

2024-08-29T18:11:28Z

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