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Manjurukum Kalam

2026-05-04T09:22:01Z

Vaibhu: Adding stub!

{{short description|Indian Malayalam-language soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Soap opera]]
| creator =
| based_on = {{Based on|''Manjurukum Kaalam''|Joycee}}
| inspired_by =
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = {{ubl|Binu Vellathooval<ref>{{cite news |last=Nair |first=Vidya |date=February 21, 2018 |title=The twists and turns of fate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/binu-vellathooval-on-his-serial-bhramanam/article22813488.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>|Manu Joy C<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/son-of-writer-joyce-died-in-accident.html|title=നോവലിസ്റ്റ് ജോയ്സിയുടെ മകൻ ബൈക്കപകടത്തിൽ മരിച്ചു}}</ref>}}
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Monisha Arshak]]
* [[Nikitha Rajesh]]
* (''[[#Cast|See below]]'')
}}
| voices =
| narrator =
| theme_music_composer = Sanand George
| open_theme = "Aarum Kaanathe Aromalkili Paadunnu"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/title-song-of-the-new-novel-bhramanam-by-joysi-in-manorama-weekly.html|title=ജോയ്സിയുടെ ഹൃദ്യമായ നോവലിന് തീവ്രത നിറച്ച് ഒരു നൊമ്പര ഗാനം|work=Manorama online}}</ref>
| end_theme =
| composer = Sanand George
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 571
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Suresh Unnithan]]
| location =
| cinematography = Harilal
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20-22 minutes
| company = Sree Movies
| budget =
| network = [[Mazhavil Manorama]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2015|02|16|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2017|03|24|df=y}}
| related =
}}

'''''Manjurukum Kaalam''''' was an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[soap opera]] directed by Binu Vellathooval and produced by [[Suresh Unnithan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/manjurukum-kaalam-at-7-30-pm/articleshow/49133517.cms|title=Manjurukum Kaalam, at 7.30 pm|work=The Times of India |access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 25, 2016 |title=A Poignant Tale |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/Jan/25/a-poignant-tale-873100.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> The show aired from 16 February 2015 to 24 March 2017 on [[Mazhavil Manorama]], spanning 571 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/manjurukum-kaalam-from-today/articleshow/46263162.cms|title=Manjurukum Kaalam from today|work=The Times of India |date=16 February 2015|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/monisha-is-the-new-janikutty/articleshow/52882817.cms|title=Monisha is the new Janikutty|work=The Times of India|date=23 June 2016 }}</ref> It is an adaptation of the novel with the same name by Joycee.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 2, 2015 |title=A new soap opera to hit the screens |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/malayalam/a-new-soap-opera-to-hit-the-screens/articleshow/46095550.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>

The narrative followed the life of a young girl, Janaki who navigates a life of extreme hardship, domestic abuse, and complex family dynamics from childhood to adulthood.<ref>{{cite news |last=Soman |first=Deepa |date=February 22, 2016 |title=A Trendsetter, It Still Goes Strong |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/Feb/22/a-trendsetter-it-still-goes-strong-895393.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> The show featured Keziah Thomas, Niranjana G, Greeshma, Vedika Rajesh, [[Nikitha Rajesh]] and [[Monisha Arshak]] who portrayed the protagonist at different stages of her life. The supporting cast included Manoj Nair, Lavanya Nair, Manju Satheesh, [[Roslin (Malayalam actress)|Roslin]] and Kishore Peethambbaran.

==Plot==
The story centers on Janaki, affectionately known as Janikutty, whose life is a journey from a cherished childhood to a series of grueling hardships. Initially raised as the beloved adopted daughter of Tahsildar Vijayaraghavan and Ratnamma Teacher, her world is turned upside down when the couple finally conceives biological children. No longer the center of their world, Janikutty is treated as a domestic servant and subjected to systematic abuse by Ratnamma. She remains a brilliant and resilient student despite the trauma she endures at home. During her teenage years, Janikutty have a budding romance with Abhijith, the brother of her close friend. However, Ratnamma Teacher sabotages a formal marriage proposal from Abhijith’s family and also forces Janikutty to terminate her education after her higher secondary studies. Abhijith to move to Dubai for work while Janikutty eventually returns to her biological father, Govindankutty. She moves into his home, where she meets his second wife, Vijayamma, and her half-siblings. While Janikutty attempts to bond with her new family, she is subjected to extreme cruelty by Vijayamma’s sister, Chandramathi. Following Govindankutty’s sudden death from a heart attack—Janikutty is left vulnerable. Chandramathi and her husband hire thugs to murder her. Janikutty narrowly escapes the attempt on her life but is left severely injured and hospitalized. While recovering in the hospital, Janikutty meets Shobhana Teacher, a childhood friend of her biological mother. She reveals that Janikutty is actually the heiress to the noble Krishnamangalam family. Her mother had been disowned by the wealthy family years prior for marrying Govindankutty, who belonged to a lower social caste. Having reclaimed her identity and status, she visits a now-remorseful Ratnamma Teacher to offer her grace, maintaining the bond of a daughter despite the years of mistreatment. She finally reunites with Abhijith.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Monisha Arshak]] as V.R Janaki (Janikutty)<ref>{{cite web|title=ജാനികുട്ടിയാക്കാൻ സംവിധായകൻ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടത്|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/serail-actor-janikutty-manjurukum-kalam.html|work=manoramaonline|language=ml}}</ref>
** [[Nikitha Rajesh]] as Teenage Janikutty<ref name="DeccanJaanikutty2016">{{cite news |last=Soman |first=Deepa |date=February 26, 2016 |title=Musings of Jaanikutty |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/260216/musings-of-jaanikutty.html |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
Keziah Thomas,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/serial-actress-kesiya.html|title=ആരാധകരുടെ സ്നേഹസുഗന്ധം ഈ അഞ്ചുവയസ്സുകാരി!|work=Manorama online}}</ref> Niranjana G,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/friends-tease-me-for-old-serial-scenes-says-janikutty-of-manjurukuma-kaalam-smbh4q|title='സ്‍കൂള്‍ കുട്ടികള്‍ എന്നെ കണ്ടാല്‍ ആ ഡയലോഗുകള്‍ പറയും'; 'മഞ്ഞുരുകും കാല'ത്തിലെ കുഞ്ഞ് ജാനിക്കുട്ടി പറയുന്നു|work=Asianet News |access-date=16 April 2026}}</ref> Greeshma,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/janikutty-grows-up-in-manjurukum-kalam/articleshow/48236284.cms|title=Janikutty grows up in Manjurukum Kaalam|work=The Times of India |date=27 July 2015|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> and Vedika Rajesh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/manjurukum-kalam-greeshma.html|title=ഈ ജാനിക്കുട്ടിയല്ലേ ഏറെ കരയിപ്പിച്ചത്...|work=Manorama online}}</ref> portrayed different stages of Janaki's childhood.

===Recurring===
* Lavanya Nair<ref>{{cite news|date=May 17, 2017|title=ആ റോൾ ആളുകളെ വെറുപ്പിച്ചു|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/serial-actress-lavanya.html |work=[[Malayala Manorama|Manorama Online]] |language=ml |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>/ Manju Satheesh<ref name="TheHinduManju2015">{{cite news |last=M. |first=Athira |date=November 5, 2015 |title=With a steady stream of roles |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/manju-satheesh-on-her-career-in-television-and-cinema/article7845588.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> as Rathnamma, Janaki's foster mother
* Manoj Nair as Vijayaraghavan, Janaki's foster father<ref name="SamayamManojNiranjana2021">{{cite news |date=December 30, 2021 |title=മനോജച്ഛന് വയ്യെന്നറിഞ്ഞ് നല്ല ടെൻഷനിലായിരുന്നു! നേരിൽക്കണ്ടപ്പോഴാണ് അവൾക്ക് ആശ്വാസമായത്! മനോജിനെ കാണാനെത്തിയ മാനസപുത്രി! |trans-title=Was tense knowing Manoj-achan was unwell! She felt relieved only after meeting him in person! The foster daughter who came to see Manoj! |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/actor-manoj-nair-and-niranjana-shares-manjurukum-kaalam-memmories-new-video-went-viral/articleshow/88582958.cms |work=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Kishore Peethambaran as Govindankutty, Janaki's biological father<ref name="VanithaKishore2023">{{cite news |date=February 3, 2023 |title=ചികിത്സയ്ക്ക് ലക്ഷങ്ങളുടെ കടം, മാസം മരുന്നിന് 20000 രൂപ, കാഴ്ച എപ്പോൾ വേണമെങ്കിലും നഷ്ടമാകാം|url=https://www.vanitha.in/celluloid/movies/2023/02/03/kishore-peethambaran-actor-about-his-bad-time-special.html |work=[[Vanitha]] |language=ml |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* [[Roslin (Malayalam actress)|Roslin]]
* Anish Rehman as Abhijith, Janaki's husband<ref name="TOIAnish2018">{{cite news |date=May 10, 2018 |title=Reality shows made me a better performer, says Pranayini actor Anish Rehman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/reality-shows-made-me-a-better-performer-says-pranayini-actor-anish-rehman/articleshow/64109269.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
**Vineeth as young Abhijith
* Lekshmi Prasad as Sariga, Abhijith's sister and Janaki's friend
**Swathi as young Sariga
* Sreedevi Anil as Vijayamma, Govindankutty’s second wife
* Alice Christy as Sooryamol, daughter of Vijayaraghavan and Rathnamma<ref name="FilmibeatAlice2020">{{cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Deepu |date=December 9, 2020 |title=സീരിയല്‍ നടി ആലീസും വിവാഹിതയാവുന്നു;വിവാഹനിശ്ചയം കഴിഞ്ഞെന്ന് പറഞ്ഞ് പ്രതിശ്രുത വരനൊപ്പമുള്ള ചിത്രങ്ങളുമായി നടി |trans-title=Serial actress Alice to get married; actress shares pictures with fiancé saying engagement is over |url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/manjurukum-kaalam-serial-fame-actress-alice-christy-gomez-got-engaged-067515.html |website=Filmibeat Malayalam |language=ml |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Manoj Pillai as Murali Krishna Panikkar<ref name="TOIManojPillai2018">{{cite news |author=TV Papers |date=June 22, 2018 |title=Serial actor Manoj Pillai passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/serial-actor-manoj-pillai-passes-away/articleshow/64695797.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* [[M. R. Gopakumar]] as Balakrishna Panikkar
* Yadu Krishnan as Madhusoodana Panikkar<ref name="ManoramaYadu2019">{{cite news |date=May 31, 2019 |title=മലയാളികളുടെ പ്രിയ താരം യദുകൃഷ്ണന്റെ വീട് വിശേഷങ്ങൾ |trans-title=House news of Malayalis' favorite star Yadu Krishnan |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/homestyle/spot-light/2019/05/31/yadukrishnan-actor-home-memories-cine-home.html |work=Manorama Online |language=ml |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Sumi Santhosh as Preetha, Rathnamma's sister-in-law
* Rudra Pradap as Chandran, Preetha's husband<ref name="HinduDirectors2015">{{cite news |last=M. |first=Athira |date=June 18, 2015 |title=Quick Five: Directors on song |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/quick-five-directors-on-song/article7328982.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Avanthika as Neethu, elder daughter of Chandran and Preetha
* Malavika / Arathi Sojan as Ramya, second daughter of Chandran and Preetha<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2022/09/29/actress-arathy-sojan-alluring-pictures.html|title=Arathy Sojan|work=Manorama Online}}</ref>
* Sreekala Sasidharan as Sarasamma, Rathnamma's mother<ref name="TOISreekala2022">{{cite news |date=November 14, 2022 |title=New talents enter the industry for fame, whereas it is our bread and butter, says actress Sreekala|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/new-talents-enter-the-industry-for-fame-whereas-it-is-our-bread-and-butter-says-actress-sreekala/articleshow/95514535.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Pratheeksha G. Pradeep as Sunitha, Rathnamma's sister
* Ardra Das as Ambili, elder daughter of Govindankutty and Vijayamma<ref name="TOIArdra2020">{{cite news |date=December 10, 2020 |title=Viewers call me 'Theppukari' and I take it as the success of my character, says Satya Enna Penkutty's Ardra Das |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/viewers-call-me-theppukari-and-i-take-it-as-the-success-of-my-character-says-satya-enna-penkuttys-ardra-das/articleshow/79626392.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Anjusha as Arunima, second daughter of Govindankutty and Vijayamma
**Vaishanvi Satheesh as teenage Arunima
* Ramesh Nair as Ravi, Sariga's husband
* Saharsh Augustin as Manikuttan<ref name="ManoramaSaharsh2017">{{cite news |date=August 29, 2017|title=' എന്തിനാ ‍ഞങ്ങടെ മണിക്കുട്ടനോട് അങ്ങനെ ചെയ്തേ? '|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/serial-actor-saharsh.html |work=Manorama Online |language=ml |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Joly as Chandramathi, Vijayamma's sister
* Balan Parakkal as Surendran, Chandramathi's husband
* Sujith Kozhikodu as Sukeshan, Chandramathi's son<ref name="ManoramaSujith2019">{{cite news |date=June 22, 2019 |title=ദാരിദ്ര്യം കൊണ്ട് പഠനം നിർത്തി, ഒടുവിൽ ഭാഗ്യം തെളിഞ്ഞു; സുജിത്ത് കോഴിക്കോട് എന്ന ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റിന്റെ ജീവിതം |trans-title=Studies stopped due to poverty, finally luck shone; life of artist Sujith Kozhikode |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/love-n-life/2019/06/22/serial-artist-sujith-kozhikode-life-story.html |work=Manorama Online |language=ml |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>
* Parvathy as Suguna, Chandramathi's daughter
* Satheesh Vettikavala as Suguna’s husband
* Karthika Kannan as Lekshmi
* Pappan Ananthapuri as Purushothaman, Govindankutty's friend
* Safar as Sudharan, Govindankutty's neighbor
* Biju Thottumkal as Minister Janaki’s PA
* Adhil Siddiq / Madhav / Harun<ref name="OnmanoramaHarun2018">{{cite news |last=Onmanorama Staff |date=March 23, 2018 |title=Television industry mourns Manjurukum Kaalam actor Harun's sudden demise |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2018/03/23/young-actor-tragic-death-serial-star-manoj-posts-heart-rending-note.html |work=Onmanorama |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> as Appunni
* Aadil as Renjith, Janikutty's classmate
* Manas/ Aaromal as Ajayan

==Production==
Different stages of the protagonist's life spanning from childhood to adulthood was played by six actors.<ref>{{cite web|title=നമ്മുടെ സ്വന്തം മന്ത്രി ജാനി!|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/manjurukum-kalam-actress-monisha.html|work=manoramaonline|language=ml}}</ref> [[Nikitha Rajesh]] who played Janaki left the show to focus on her board examinations and was replaced by [[Monisha Arshak]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chandra |first1=Anu |title=മഞ്ഞുരുകും കാലത്തിലെ ജാനിക്കുട്ടിയുടെ വേഷം നിഖിത ഉപേക്ഷിച്ചത് എന്തിന്|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/2017/06/06/interview-with-serial-actress-nikhitha.html |website=Manorama Online |access-date=January 4, 2026 |date=June 6, 2017 |language=ml}}</ref> [[Lavanya Nair]] who played Rathnamma was replaced by Manju Satheesh due to the former's pregnancy.<ref name="TOILavanya2018">{{cite news |author=TV Papers |date=March 25, 2018 |title=Lavanya Nair: Anitha of 'Bhramanam' represents moms who guide their children onto the right path |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/lavanya-nair-anitha-of-represents-moms-who-guide-their-children-onto-the-right-path/articleshow/63451909.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Mazhavil Manorama original programming]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]

Nankhari

2026-05-01T12:54:27Z

Vaibhu: Adding new entry!

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
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| caption1 = Nankhari-Then CM Virbhadra Singh's address in G.S.S.S., Nankhari
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| demographics1_info2 = [[Mahasu Pahari]] (Shodochi)<ref>{{cite web| website=Literary Herald |title=Language and dialect of Himachal Pradesh |url=https://tlhjournal.com/uploads/products/35.shradha-shandil-article.pdf?utm_}}</ref>
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| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 172021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/himachal-pradesh/shimla/nankhari|title=Nankhari Pin Code | Postal Code (Zip Code) of Nankhari, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icbse.com/pincodes/nankhari-office-41087|title=Nankhari PIN Code & Post Office in Nankhari, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh|website=iCBSE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/ifsccode/bank-himachal-pradesh-state-cooperative-bank-ltd,state-himachal-pradesh,district-shimla,branch-nankhari,ifsccode-HPSC0000425.cms|title=HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE COOPERATIVE BANK LTD NANKHARI, HIMACHAL PRADESH IFSC Code: Find HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE COOPERATIVE BANK LTD NANKHARI MICR Code, IFSC Code on The Economic Times|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HP.E2.80.94Himachal Pradesh|HP-06]], [[List of RTO districts in India#HP.E2.80.94Himachal Pradesh|HP-92]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nankhari''' is a [[Tehsil]] (town) and a [[Community Development Block|block]] in [[Shimla district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpshimla.nic.in/tehsil/|title=Tehsils | Shimla District, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpshimla.nic.in/public-utility/police-station-nankhari/|title=Police Station Nankhari | Shimla District, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census2021.co.in/data/subdistrict/178-nankhari-shimla-himachal-pradesh.html |title=Nankhari-Sub Tehsil to Tehsil |access-date=20 April 2021 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144457/https://www.census2021.co.in/data/subdistrict/178-nankhari-shimla-himachal-pradesh.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpshimla.nic.in/document/circle-rates-tehsil-nankhari/|title=Circle Rates- Tehsil Nankhari 2020-21 | Shimla District, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India}}</ref> It is about 92.5 km from Shimla and 33 km from [[Narkanda]] and [[National Highway 5 (India)|NH 5]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.himachalpr.gov.in/OneNews.aspx?Language=1&ID=366|title=Himachal Pradesh Government|website=www.himachalpr.gov.in}}</ref> It consists of 17 [[Gram panchayat]] and 102 [[Village#India|villages]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brandbharat.com/english/hp/districts/Shimla/Shimla_NANKHARI.html|title=NANKHARI Block, Shimla Himachal Pradesh India|website=www.brandbharat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hpshimla.nic.in/panchayats/|title=Panchayats | Shimla District, Government Of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref>

==Geography==
Nankhari is in a mountainous area. It is also a tourist area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://himachaltourism.nic.in/ |title=Nankhari, Himachal Pradesh Tourism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115021800/http://himachaltourism.nic.in/|archive-date=15 January 2007}}</ref> The location co-ordinates of Nankhari are {{coord|31|18|16|N|77|35|21|E|display=inline,}}. The elevation of Nankhari is 2450 m.
Nankhari is 33 km far away from Narkanda. It is 92.3 km away from [[Shimla]].

==Climate==
The average temperature of the year is 15 °C, with variations from changes in elevation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/11/Nankhari.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nankhari, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref>

==Transport==
There is also a helipad in Tharudhaar. It is 20 km far away from Narkanda's NH 5. It is 92.3 km far away from Shimla. It is distanced 66 km from [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur Bushahr]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://himachalwatcher.com/2014/09/16/nankhari-to-brought-under-sada-cm/|title=Nankhari to brought under SADA: CM | Himachal Watcher|date=16 September 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tehsils of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shimla district]]

Revati Mohite Dere

2026-04-23T09:22:30Z

Vaibhu: starting first details w/ infobox

{{Short description|15th Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Revati Mohite Dere
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Meghalaya High Court|15th Chief Justice]] of [[Meghalaya High Court]]
| term_start = 10 January 2026
| term_end =
| nominator = [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]]
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| predecessor = [[Soumen Sen]]
| successor =
| office1 = Judge of [[Bombay High Court]]
| term_start1 = 21 June 2013
| term_end1 = 9 January 2026
| nominator1 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| appointer1 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| image =
| parents = Vijayrao A. Mohite
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1965|4|17}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = [[LL.B]], [[LL.M]]
| alma_mater = Symbiosis Law College, [[Fergusson College]], [[Cambridge University]],
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice
}}
'''Revati Mohite Dere''' is a [[judge]] in the [[Bombay High Court]], [[India]]. She has written a number of significant judgments in relation to criminal procedure and police investigations in India, including cases concerning press freedom to report on criminal trials, death penalty sentences for repeated offences and police accountability for false and improper investigations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Meghnad |date=2018-03-02 |title=The Record of Justice Dere, Judge Reassigned From Sohrabuddin Case |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/justice-revati-mohite-dere-judge-reassigned-sohrabuddin-case |access-date=2020-10-02 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>

== Life ==
Justice Dere was born and educated in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], and studied law at the Symbiosis Law College. She obtained an LL.M. from [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]], on a Commonwealth Trust Scholarship.<ref name=":1" />

== Career ==
Dere practiced law at the Bombay High Court and also served as a prosecutor for the Government of Maharashtra. She was appointed an additional judge of the Bombay High Court on 21 June 2013 and made a permanent judge on 2 March 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Revati Mohite Dere |url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/processjshowReq.php?bhcpar=bmlkPTIy |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=High Court of Judicature at Bombay}}</ref> She is currently still serving on the Bombay High Court.

On 18 December 2025, Supreme court collegium headed by CJI [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]] recommended her to be appointed as chief justice of [[Meghalaya High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Ritwik |date=2025-12-18 |title=Supreme Court Collegium recommends Bombay HC Justice Revati Mohite Dere as Meghalaya High Court Chief Justice |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-bombay-hc-justice-revati-mohite-dere-as-meghalaya-high-court-chief-justice |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> Central government cleared her elevation as Chief Justice on 1 January 2026<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=2026-01-01 |title=Centre clears appointment of Bombay HC Justice Revati Mohite Dere as Meghalaya High Court Chief Justice |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/centre-clears-appointment-of-bombay-hc-justice-revati-mohite-dere-as-meghalaya-high-court-chief-justice |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> and she took oath as second women chief justice<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=2026-01-10 |title=Second woman Chief Justice assumes office |url=https://meghalayamonitor.com/second-woman-chief-justice-assumes-office/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Meghalaya Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref> of Meghalaya High Court on 10 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meghalaya |first=Syllad {{!}} The Rising |date=2026-01-10 |title=Meghalaya gets new Chief Justice: Revati Mohite Dere sworn in |url=https://www.syllad.com/meghalaya-gets-new-chief-justice-revati-mohite-dere-sworn-in/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Syllad |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Notable judgments ==
Dere has been a part of several benches, and has also independently passed several orders relating to police accountability and corruption, as well as concerning women's rights, and public welfare.

In 2015, Dere and another judge, V.M. Kanade ordered the Government of Maharashtra to take strict action against custodial deaths, and to investigate and suspend policemen responsible for any such deaths.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-12-09|title=Won't tolerate custodial deaths, Bombay HC tells Maharashtra|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/wont-tolerate-custodial-deaths-bombay-hc-tells-maharashtra/article7963835.ece|access-date=2020-10-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2016, she was part of a bench holding that the prohibition on allowing women to enter the inner sanctum of the [[Haji Ali Dargah]] (a mosque in Bombay) was unconstitutional, and directed the managing trust of the mosque to allow women to enter and worship.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghadyalpatil|first=Abhiram|date=2016-08-26|title=Haji Ali case: Bombay HC lifts ban on women's entry into inner sanctum|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/AgErifIXolwSm9vS18CV1L/Haji-Ali-row-Bombay-HC-allows-womens-entry-in-the-dargah.html|access-date=2020-10-02|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

Dere and V.M. Kanade also recommended in a separate case in 2016, that corporations should utilize their mandatory corporate social responsibility allocations to helping pay hospital bills for impoverished persons.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-14|title=Corporate companies can allot 2% of profits for hospital bills of needy: High Court|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-corporate-companies-can-allot-2-of-profits-for-hospital-bills-of-needy-high-court-2165758|access-date=2020-10-02|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, Dere and another judge, [[Mridula Bhatkar]], led a judicial investigation into the conditions of children who were held in detainment with their mothers, in prisons in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=24 Sep 2017|title=Decide on facilities for kids staying with women inmates: Bombay HC tells Maharashtra government|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/decide-on-facilities-for-kids-staying-with-women-inmates-bombay-hc-tells-maharashtra-government/articleshow/60815907.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, Dere lifted a previously imposed gag order on press reporting in the case concerning the [[death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]] and [[Tulsiram Prajapati killing|Tulsiram Prajapati]] reiterating the importance of a free press.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 Jan 2018|title=Sohrabuddin case: HC sets aside gag order on media|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/sohrabuddin-case-hc-sets-aside-gag-order-on-media/articleshow/62642452.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-02-04|title=Sohrabuddin trial: Bombay HC says press eyes of public|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/sohrabuddin-trial-hc-says-press-eyes-of-public/article22647277.ece|access-date=2020-10-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Dere also questioned the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] regarding their work on the case,<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 Feb 2018|title=Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter case: HC asks CBI what steps it is taking to protect witnesses|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/sohrabuddin-sheikh-fake-encounter-case-hc-asks-cbi-what-steps-it-is-taking-to-protect-witnesses/articleshow/62893613.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref> and particularly on the discharge of police officers, including [[D. G. Vanzara|D.G. Vanzara]], in the case.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mumbai Mirror|date=21 December 2018|title=Judgment day|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/judgment-day/articleshow/67186560.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref> Dere was subsequently reassigned, despite having been assigned to the case just two weeks prior to her reassignment.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mumbai Mirror|date=26 February 2018|title=Sohrabuddin case judge changed 2 weeks after daily hearings began|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/civic/sohrabuddin-case-judge-changed-2-weeks-after-daily-hearings-began/articleshow/63072067.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref> Following her reassignment, Dere went on leave.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 Feb 2018|title=Sohrabuddin case reassignment: HC judge who was hearing petitions goes on leave|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/sohrabuddin-case-reassignment-hc-judge-who-was-hearing-petitions-goes-on-leave/articleshow/63103094.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref> The reassignment led lawyers' associations in Mumbai to approach the Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court, [[Vijaya Tahilramani]]. Citing the political connections to the case, including the discharge of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leader [[Amit Shah]] (now India's Home Minister), the association's letter to the Chief Justice argued that her transfer undermined "...the faith of the people in the institution of Judiciary as such."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bose|first=Meghnad|date=2018-02-28|title=Objection, Your Honour: Why Reassign Judge From Sohrabuddin Case?|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/bombay-hc-reassign-justice-revati-mohite-dere-from-sohrabuddin-case|access-date=2020-10-02|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> The transfer was also considered by the Supreme Court of India in a case concerning the death of another judge associated with the case, [[Brijgopal Harkishan Loya]]. A bench of the Chief Justice [[Dipak Misra]], Justice [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D.Y. Chandrachud]], and [[Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar|A.M. Khanwilkar]] rejected the concerns raised, describing the transfer of Dere as a "routine affair".<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2018-03-05|title=Loya case: Change of roster in Bom HC a routine affair, says SC|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/loya-case-change-of-roster-in-bom-hc-a-routine-affair-says-sc-118030501113_1.html|access-date=2020-10-02}}</ref>

In 2019, Dere and another judge, [[B. P. Dharmadhikari|B.P. Dharmadhikari]], dismissed a challenge to provisions in the Indian Penal Code 1908 which allowed the imposition of the death penalty for repeated convictions for rape, in the case of the [[Shakti Mills gang rape]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bombay HC upholds constitutional validity of death penalty for repeat rape offenders|url=http://www.newsonair.nic.in/Main-News-Details.aspx?title=Bombay-HC-upholds-constitutional-validity-of-death-penalty-for-repeat-rape-offenders&id=364319|access-date=2020-10-02|website=www.newsonair.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=4 Jun 2019|title=HC upholds life term or death for repeat rape convictions|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/hc-upholds-life-term-or-death-for-repeat-rape-convictions/articleshow/69640754.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref> Dere and Dharmadhikari also rejected an attempt by the Government of Maharashtra to secure the early release of 11 policemen who had been convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the [[extrajudicial killing]] of noted gangster, Ramnarayan Gupta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 Mar 2019|title=Bombay High Court rejects the release order of 11 cop-convicts|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/release-order-of-11-cop-convicts-quashed/articleshow/68295709.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

In 2019, Dere and another judge allowed a 14-year-old child to abort a fetus conceived as a consequence of rape, making an exception to the prohibition of termination of pregnancies beyond 20 weeks of conception under the [[Abortion in India#The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971|Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mumbai Mirror|date=4 January 2019|title=Court allows 14-year-old rape victim to abort 24-week foetus|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/court-allows-14-year-old-rape-victim-to-abort-24-week-foetus/articleshow/67374440.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

In August 2019, Dere directed the [[Navi Mumbai]] Police Commissioner to take action against officers who had framed and falsely accused a person in a case concerning prostitution. The man had been detained since 2017 without any evidence of an offence being committed. Dere granted bail, describing the case as "disturbing".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saigal|first=Sonam|date=2019-08-14|title=Why is man in jail without proof of crime? asks Bombay High Court|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/why-is-man-in-jail-without-proof-of-crime/article29087876.ece|access-date=2020-10-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
In May 2020, Dere ruled that the police had acted unlawfully in detaining K. Narayanan, a trade union leader who was providing aid to displaced migrant workers during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]. The Bombay Police had detained Narayanan in a quarantine center, claiming that he was suspected of having [[COVID-19]], but had withheld his test results from him. Dere held that quarantine centers could not be used by the Bombay Police for "preventive detention or punitive measures."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saigal|first=Sonam|date=2020-05-12|title=Quarantine centres can't be used for preventive detention, says HC|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/quarantine-centres-cant-be-used-for-preventive-detention-says-hc/article31561781.ece|access-date=2020-10-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dere, Revati Mohite}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:1965 births]]

Bhikiyasain Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:18:49Z

Vaibhu: done.

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhikiyasain
| established = 2002
| state = [[Uttarakhand]]
| district = [[Almora district|Almora]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| abolished = 2012
| type= SLA
}}

'''Bhikiyasain Legislative Assembly constituency''' was one of the seventy electoral [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly Constitution Detail |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060144/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060201/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was abolished in 2012 following the delimitation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |website=Ceo.uk.gov.in |accessdate=2016-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/RESULTS_2012_Uttarakhand_State.pdf|title=Results 2012 - Uttarakhand |website=Ceo.uk.gov.in |accessdate=2016-11-13}}</ref>
Bhikiyasain Legislative Assembly constituency was a part of [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Pratap Singh Bisht]]<ref name="results2002">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3226-uttarakhand%092002/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttarakhand |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Surendra Singh Jeena]]<ref name="results2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3228-uttarakhand-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttarakhand |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhikiyasain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surendra Singh Jeena]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,615 |percentage=44.54% |change={{increase}}28.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh Bisht |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,485 |percentage=31.03% |change={{increase}}5.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prayag Datt |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=4,309 |percentage=14.10% |change={{increase}}4.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hema |party=Independent politician |votes=1,029 |percentage=3.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Purushottam Sharma |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) |votes=778 |percentage=2.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Govind Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=451 |percentage=1.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Diwan Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=340 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Diwan Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=324 |percentage=1.06% |change={{decrease}}2.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Diwan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=240 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,130 |percentage=13.51% |change= {{increase}}5.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,571 |percentage=52.68% |change= {{increase}}7.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,057 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.31 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}19.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhikiyasain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh Bisht |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,759 |percentage=25.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Leeladhar |party=Independent politician |votes=4,549 |percentage=17.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Udaya Nand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,157 |percentage=15.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pushkarpal Singh |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=2,542 |percentage=9.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tula Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,125 |percentage=8.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhawan Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,106 |percentage=4.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Haridesh Mehra |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=929 |percentage=3.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi |party=Independent politician |votes=820 |percentage=3.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dikar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=725 |percentage=2.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Digar Dev |party=Independent politician |votes=702 |percentage=2.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pralad |party=Independent politician |votes=496 |percentage=1.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,210 |percentage=8.33% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,541 |percentage=45.37% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,825 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coord|29.70|79.27|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Almora district]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2002]]

Bhagyanagar, Chikkaballapura

2026-04-18T19:34:03Z

Vaibhu: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| official_name = Bagepalli
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.78|N|77.79|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chikballapur district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Council]]
| governing_body = Bagepalli Town Municipal Council
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 707
| population_total = 27011
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 561207<ref name="pincode">{{cite web|url=https://pin-code.net/in-loc/bagepalli-pin-code/511522/|title=Bagepalli Pin code|publisher=pin-code.net|accessdate=19 June 2021}}</ref>
| registration_plate = KA-40
| website = http://www.bagepallitown.mrc.gov.in
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = Kannada
}}
Bagepalli is a taluk in the [[Chikkaballapur|Chikkaballapura]] district of [[Karnataka]], India. It is situated 100 km north of [[Bengaluru]] on the Bangalore–Hyderabad National Highway. The region lies just below the southern border of [[Rayalaseema]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], South India. It is a semi-arid and drought-prone area, receiving 535 mm of erratic, spatially uneven rainfall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bagepallitown.mrc.gov.in/ |title=Home |website=bagepallitown.mrc.gov.in}}</ref>

==Geography==
Bagepalli is located at {{Coord|13.78|N|77.79|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Bagepalli.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bagepalli]</ref> It has an average elevation of 707 metres (2319 ft).

The region is a semi arid drought prone one with low, erratic and spatial rainfall. The dust brown rocky terrain is severely undulating, with small hill ranges and outcrops that stud the topography. There is no mineral wealth and only a very thin and fragile soil cover.

An adverse land:person ratio creates a strong thirst for cultivable land since less than one-half of the total land is fit for [[Tillage|cultivation]], with the remaining taken over by the hills and rocky fields. Hardly 5% of the cropped lands are irrigated by an age old network of rain-fed tanks (small lakes), each irrigating 2 to 10 hectares of wet land. The low water table is tapped through bore-wells drilled to more than 100 meters depth. Even these dry up in the summer months, from April to September every year, when temperatures rise to a dry heat of 38 °C.

The average rainfall is 535 mm a year and this is, moreover, erratic and spatial. As a result there is only 1 rain-fed crop a year, whose stand is from late June till December. Groundnuts are grown on these dry lands, inter-cropped with [[red gram]], [[cowpea]], field beans, [[green gram]], [[jowar]], [[maize]] and [[Castor oil plant|castor]] on the field bunds. Irrigated [[peanut|groundnut]], [[mulberry]], [[onions]] and [[sunflower]] are the common bore-well irrigated crops. [[Finger millet|Ragi]] (golden millet) and a coarse variety of paddy are cultivated under irrigation tanks. Every fifth or sixth year is a drought, followed by near famine conditions.

==Demographics==
As of 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Bagepalli had a population of 1,69,689.<ref>[http://www.chikballapur.nic.in/district_areapopulation-1.html Chikballapur District Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125225440/http://www.chikballapur.nic.in/district_areapopulation-1.html |date=2010-11-25 }}</ref> Males constitute 50.7% of the population and females 49.3%. Bagepalli has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 12% of the population is under 7 years of age. Bagepalli is one of the only places in Karnataka to have a majority [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking population.
{{Pie chart
| caption = Languages of Bagepalli Taluk ([[2011 Census of India|2011 census]])<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Language – India, States and Union Territories |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General |pages=12–14, 49 |access-date=8 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| label2 = [[Kannada]]
| value2 = 32.26
| color2 = darkslateblue
| label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| value1 = 55.26
| color1 = steelblue
| label3 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| value3 = 9.29
| color3 = green
| label4 = [[Hindi]]
| value4 = 2.78
| color4 = orange
| label5 = Others
| value5 = 0.42
| color5 = gray
| thumb = right
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chikkaballapura district]]

Berta de Menezes Bragança

2026-04-09T21:56:13Z

Vaibhu: stub

{{Short description|Indian journalist (1911–1993)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Portuguese name|de Menezes|Bragança}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Berta de Menezes Bragança
| image = Berta de Menezes Bragança.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Maria Berta de Menezes Bragança
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|12|17|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|07|13|1911|12|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = Cuelim, [[Mormugao taluka]], [[Portuguese Goa]]
| death_place =
| resting_place = [[Chandor]] Church cemetery
| other_names =
| spouse = {{marriage|António Furtado|1947|1988|reason=died}}
| father = [[Luís de Menezes Bragança]]
| relatives = {{plainlist|
* [[Beatris de Menezes Bragança]] (sister)
* [[T. B. Cunha]] (uncle)
}}
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| movement = [[Goa Liberation Movement]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| otherparty = {{plainlist|
* [[Goan People's Party]]
* [[Frente Popular (Goa)|Frente Popular]]
}}
| notable_works = ''Tales of Goa'' (1990)
| awards =
}}
'''Maria Berta de Menezes Bragança'''{{efn|alternatively spelled as '''Berta de Menezes Braganza''' and '''Bertha Menezes Braganza'''}} (17 December 1911 – 13 July 1993) was an Indian freedom fighter, teacher, writer and journalist. She was a peace worker, teacher, youth activist and has been credited for being the person behind the ''Free Goa'' bulletin.

== Early and personal life ==
Maria Berta de Menezes Bragança<ref>{{cite report |last=Correia |first=Eric J. F. |date=2023-05-16 |title=Title Report |url=https://rera.goa.gov.in/reraApp/download?DOC_ID=xSAUL2K/If/MVl3hAMYNSA== |work= |location= |publisher=RERA Goa |docket= |access-date=2025-01-03 }}</ref> was born on 17 December 1911 in Cuelim village in [[Mormugao taluka]]. She was educated at home by her parents.<ref name="wwoff"> {{Cite book |title=Who's Who of Freedom Fighters: Goa, Daman & Diu. Volume 1 |date=1986 |publisher=Goa Gazetteer Department, Government of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu. |year=1986 |publication-date=December 1986 |pages=34}}</ref> She and her sister [[Beatris de Menezes Bragança|Beatris]] were daughters of [[Luís de Menezes Bragança]]<ref name="ShirodkarWho86">{{Cite book |last=Shirodkar |first=Pandurang Purushottam |author-link=Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISScyAEACAAJ |title=Who's Who of Freedom Fighters, Goa, Daman, and Diu |date=1986 |publisher=Goa Gazetteer Department, Government of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu |volume=1 |pages=34–35}}</ref> and Ana, the sister of Tristão de Bragança Cunha.<ref name="SushilaSisters24">{{Cite web |last=Sawant Mendes |first=Sushila |date=2024-02-24 |title=CELEBRATING THE THREE SISTERS… |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/By-invitation/CELEBRATING-THE-THREE-SISTERS%E2%80%A6/218202 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Herald Goa |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BarretoToIBold18">{{Cite news |first=Mackelroy |last=Barreto |date=2018-06-28 |title=Bold and inspired: Goa's women freedom fighters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/bold-and-inspired-goas-women-freedom-fighters/articleshow/64782957.cms |access-date=2024-09-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The family lived at the [[Menezes Braganza House]].<ref name="SushilaSisters24" />

Berta was also a teacher.<ref name="WilliamsCommon19">{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=C. |date=2019 |title='Vivências partilhadas': Finding common ground in the short stories of three Goan women writers |url=https://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2f60df5-6b92-4985-8f4a-9e3d02a9276d |journal=Journal of Romance Studies |language=English |volume=19 |issue=3 |doi=10.3828/jrs.2019.23 |issn=1473-3536 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120044234/https://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2f60df5-6b92-4985-8f4a-9e3d02a9276d |url-status=dead }}</ref> She married António Furtado, a lawyer, in 1947.<ref name="LoboAnticolonial18">{{Cite journal |last=Lobo |first=Sandra Ataíde |date=2018-07-02 |title=Educating Opinion, Invigorating Intellectual Links, Promoting International Solidarity: T. B. Cunha's Anticolonial Nationalism |url=https://journals.library.brocku.ca/index.php/ijpds/article/view/3273/2526 |journal=InterDISCIPLINARY Journal of Portuguese Diaspora Studies |language=en |volume=7 |pages=137–167 |issn=2165-2694}}</ref> He died in 1988.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4JKAQAAIAAJ |title=Boletim Do Instituto Menezes Bragança |date=1988 |publisher=O Instituto |page=89}}</ref> The family lived at the [[Menezes Braganza House]].<ref name="SushilaSisters24" />

Her sister, Dr Beatriz de Menezes Bragança, born on November 6, 1916 who died on May 24, 1983, had done her M.Sc. and Ph.D. and took an active part in the anti-Portuguese campaigns, meetings and demonstrations in Bombay, in the run-up to the end of Portuguese rule in Goa. Beatriz was a youth leader who led a procession to the Portuguese Consulate in Bombay in 1946, to protest against the arrest of Tristão de Bragança Cunha.<ref name="wwoff"/>

== Goa liberation movement ==
"The Menezes Bragança sisters, Beatriz and Berta, were involved in the freedom struggle of Goa, which is not surprising given the fact that their father Luis de Menezes Bragança was a great Goan nationalist," writes historian Fátima da Silva Gracias.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silva Gracias |first=Fátima da |title=Trailblazers: Some Goan Women Achievers |publisher=Goa,1556 |year=2022 |isbn=978-81-949632-3-3 |location=Goa |pages=214}}</ref>

Since 1929, Menezes Bragança was part of the Goa committee of the Goa Congress Committee (GCC), briefly affiliated to the [[Indian National Congress]], and actively worked to enroll members. She later joined her uncle [[T.B. Cunha]]'s Goa Youth League (GYL) and in 1945, she was chosen as the Secretary of its Goa unit.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

She was often seen at the side of Cunha at protests and speeches in South Goa.<ref name="BarretoToIBold18" /> Some of their meetings would be held at the [[Menezes Braganza House]] in Chandor.<ref>{{Cite magazine |first=Sarah |last=Hiddleston |date=2007-04-05 |title=House of Chandor |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/heritage/article30190762.ece |access-date=2024-09-17 |magazine=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]}}</ref> She and her sister, [[Beatris de Menezes Bragança|Beatris]], wore ''[[khadi]]'' [[sari]]s<ref name="SushilaSisters24" /> and promoted the adoption of khadi fabric.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

Between 1940 and 1943, she contributed to the Panjim-based publication, ''O Académico''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Madeira |first=Viviane Souza |date=2019-11-28 |title=Women writing and writings on women in the goan magazine o acadêmico (1940 – 1943) |url=https://discovery.researcher.life/article/women-writing-and-writings-on-women-in-the-goan-magazine-o-acadmico-1940-1943/ff8db582845c35bebdfc029a0730edd7 |journal=Via Atlântica |issue=36 |pages=142–166 |language=en |doi=10.11606/va.v0i36.160336|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In her capacity as Secretary of the GYL, in response to [[Ram Manohar Lohia]]'s call to freedom on [[Goa Revolution Day]], she and Cunha attempted to offer ''[[satyagraha]]'' at [[Margao]] on 30 June 1946. However, the Portuguese police stopped them and beat her,<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" /> following which the police abandoned them on the roadside in [[Chandor]].<ref name="BarretoToIBold18" />

Between 1946 and 1950, she continued the distribution of nationalist [[Flyer (pamphlet)|pamphlet]]s and Indian newspapers in Goa. However, on 16 April 1950, she and her husband, António Furtado, were forced to escape to [[Belgaum]], after she was threatened with deportation to Africa.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" /> This was because they both refused to sign an official declaration that condemned then [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s declaration that Goa was a part of India and must be returned to it.<ref name="FestinoFreedom21">{{Cite journal |last=Festino |first=Cielo G. |date=March 2021 |title=Goa's freedom struggle |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jrs.2021.2 |journal=Journal of Romance Studies |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=31–48 |doi=10.3828/jrs.2021.2 |issn=1473-3536|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Menezes Bragança continued her distribution of nationalist propaganda from Belgaum. In 1952, she was chosen as the President of the Belgaum branch of the National Congress (Goa).<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" /> Later, in 1953, she and Furtado founded the fortnightly left-wing publication, ''Free Goa''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lobo |first1=Sandra Ataíde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFfNEAAAQBAJ |title=The Colonial Periodical Press in the Indian and Pacific Ocean Regions |last2=Falconi |first2=Jessica |last3=Dias |first3=Remy |last4=Smith |first4=Dave A. |date=2023-09-22 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-429-51682-5 |page=343}}</ref> Subtitled as the "Organ of Portuguese India’s Liberation", Furtado was its first editor. With Cunha's escape to Bombay in 1956, she and Furtado moved there, continuing the publication from there. Cunha also contributed to ''Free Goa''. Menezes Bragança then became its editor in 1958, after the death of Cunha.<ref name="FestinoFreedom21" /> She continued editing it until it stopped publication in 1962.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

In 1955, she participated in the mass ''[[satyagraha]]'' at [[Patradevi]] that was organised by [[Gerald Pereira]] and the Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti (GVSS).<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" /> While in Bombay, she joined the [[Goan People's Party]] (GPP).<ref name="FaleiroGoa1961">{{Cite book |last=Faleiro |first=Valmiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYLyEAAAQBAJ |title=Goa, 1961: The Complete Story of Nationalism and Integration |date=2023-07-24 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5708-175-7 |pages=368 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>

She was chosen to represent India at the Afro-Asian Women's Conference in [[Cairo]], during which the problem of Goa's freedom was discussed in detail. The official biographies of freedom-fighters published by the post-1961 regime says she "was a member of the Indian delegation to the Afro-Asian Women's Conference in Cairo where the 'Goa Problem' evoked a special interest and importance".<ref name="wwoff"/> She was also part of a delegation to [[Moscow]] meant to attract attention to the same issue, along with the [[Goa liberation movement]]. In 1959, she was a member of the Goa Political Convention at the Afro-Asian Solidarity and All India Peace Council.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" /> She was also a regular contributor to the ''Afro-Asian Bulletin''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sunderason |first1=Sanjukta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMlQEAAAQBAJ |title=Forms of the Left in Postcolonial South Asia: Aesthetics, Networks and Connected Histories |last2=Hoek |first2=Lotte |date=2021-12-16 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-17918-9 |page=145}}</ref>

In December 1960, the third National Conference for Afro-Asian solidarity took place in Bombay, calling for the immediate freedom of Goa, Daman and Diu and forming a National Campaign Committee for this purpose. In 1961, Menezes Bragança joined this committee, which was led by [[George Vaz]]. In this capacity, she travelled across India, participating in conferences in major cities like [[Bombay]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Calcutta]] and [[Delhi]], demanding military action for Goa's freedom.<ref name="ShirodkarWho86" />

== Post-Liberation of Goa ==
Menezes Bragança and other Goan Communists, like [[Gerald Pereira]] and [[George Vaz]], began working with the Goan peasants soon after the [[Liberation of Goa]], forming the ''Shetkari Paksh'' (Farmers' Party). In the [[1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]], they did not contest with their Communist symbols but instead contested as a political front, the [[Frente Popular (Goa)|Frente Popular]]. This was done in an attempt to avoid the anti-Communist sentiment among the electorate in those times. Menezes Bragança contested from the [[Cortalim Assembly constituency]] but neither her nor the seven others were able to win any seats.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prabhudesai |first=Sandesh |author-link=Sandesh Prabhudesai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SjoF0AEACAAJ |title=Ajeeb Goa's Gajab Politics |date=April 2023 |publisher=Qurate Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-94600-690 |page=253}}</ref>

Menezes Bragança later became the President of the [[Communist Party of India]] in Goa.<ref name="SushilaSisters24" /> She was also a part of the [[Institute Menezes Braganza]], named after her father.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1983 |title=Back Matter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40872603 |journal=Journal of South Asian Literature |volume=18 |issue=1 |jstor=40872603 |issn=0091-5637}}</ref>

In 1990, she published a book of fiction, titled ''Tales of Goa'', collecting 15 short stories that she had previously published in the 1930s in ''[[The Bombay Chronicle]]'' and ''[[Blitz (newspaper)|Blitz]]'' newspapers.<ref name="WilliamsCommon19" />

In 1992, she published, ''Landmarks in My Time: Selected Writings'', which has considerable writings about her uncle, [[T. B. Cunha]].<ref name="LoboAnticolonial18" />

She donated {{Convert|1000|m2|acre}} of land to the Chandor Sports Club, upon which the village's community centre was constructed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mascarenhas |first=Clive |date=2016-07-28 |title=Chandor SC goes beyond football to keep the youth healthy |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2016/07/29/sports/chandor-sc-goes-beyond-football-to-keep-the-youth-healthy/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=[[The Navhind Times]]}}</ref>

== Death ==
Menezes Bragança died in 1993.<ref name="WilliamsCommon19" /> While she was cremated, her ashes are buried in the [[Chandor]] cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawant Mendes |first=Sushila |date=2024-06-16 |title=18th June was born in a cradle of free thought |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/By-invitation/18th-June-was-born-in-a-cradle-of-free-thought/222540 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=[[Herald Goa]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''Tales of Goa'' (Bastora: Tipografia Rangel: 1991)
* ''Landmarks in My Time: Selected Writings'' (1992)

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menezes Bragança, Berta de}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian communist writers]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]

Baz Bahadur Chand

2026-04-02T06:28:35Z

Vaibhu:

{{Distinguish|Baz Bahadur|text=[[Baz Bahadur]] (The last Sultan of [[Malwa Sultanate]])}}
{{One source|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Baz Bahadur Chand बाज़ बहादुर चंद
| title = [[Maharajadhiraja]] [[Sri]] [[Raja]] [[Baghatur|Bahadur]]
| image = Baz Bahadur Chand.png
| caption = Portrait of Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand
| succession = [[Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]]
| reign = 1638 - 1678
| coronation = 1638 (Malla Mahal, [[Almora]], [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]])
| cor-type = Enthronement
| predecessor = Trimal Chand
| successor = Udyot Chand
| birth_name = Baz Gusain
| birth_date = 1598 {{small|''(Estimated)''}}
| birth_place = [[Almora]], [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]] {{small|''(Present - day [[Kumaon division]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]])''}}
| death_date = 1680 (aged 82)
| death_place = Malla Mahal, [[Almora]], [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]] {{small|''(Present - day [[Kumaon division]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]])''}}
| issue = Udyot Chand 
Pahad Singh Gusain
| regnal name = Baz Bahadur Chand
| house = [[Chand kings|Chand Dynasty]]
| house-type = Dynasty
| father = Nila Gusain
| signature = [[File:Peronal Seal of Baz Bahadur Chand.svg|200px]]
| signature_type = Personal Royal Seal
| religion = [[Hindusim]]
| succession1 = [[Emeritus|King Emeritus]]
| reign-type1 = Tenure
| reign1 = 1678 - 1680
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| branch = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px]] [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal Army]]
| serviceyears = 1654 - 1655
| rank = [[Auxiliaries|Auxiliary Commander]]
| battles = Battle of Garhwal
| awards = [[Robe of honor]], Title of [[Baghatur|Bahadur]]
}}
}}

'''Baz Bahadur Chand ('''[[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]: बाज़ बहादुर चंद; 1598 - 1680''')'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Badri Dutt |title=History of Kumaon |publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot |year=1993 |isbn=81-900 209-4-3 |edition=Volume 1 |location=[[Almora]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]] |publication-date=1993 |language=en}}</ref>''',''' born '''Baz Gusain ('''बाज़ गुसाईं''')''', was the 50th [[Maharaja]] of the [[Chand kingdom|Chand Dynasty]] of [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon.]] He ascended to the throne in 1638 after the death of his adoptive father, the previous [[Maharaja]] Trimal Chand.<ref name=":0" /> Under his reign the [[Kingdom of Kumaon]] grew considerably in influence, territory, power and wealth. His rule lasted 40 years until he abdicated due to his age and declining physical and mental health. He died at the age of 82 in 1680.

[[Maharaja]] Baz Bahadur Chand is considered to be one of the greatest kings of Kumaon. During his reign Kumaon reestablished authority over [[Terai]], subjugated [[Doti]], invaded [[Tibet]]an territory, successfully repelled [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] aggression and undermined the [[Garhwal Kingdom|Kingdom of Garhwal]].<ref name=":0" /> He introduced new court customs inspired by Muslim [[Durbar (court)|durbars]] and further institutionalized the government.{{source needed|date=May 2025}} He also wiped out the remaining descendants of the [[Katyuri Dynasty|Katyuri Dyansty]] for siding with [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]. The reign of Baz Bahadur Chand is seen as the [[Golden Age]] of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]].

== Early life ==
Baz Bahadur Chand was born to Prince Nila Gusain in [[Almora]]. At that time Kumaon was ruled by [[Maharaja]] Vijay Chand, who was a [[puppet ruler]] under the trio of nobles Sukhram Karki, Piru Gusain and Vinayak Bhatt. When Prince Nila Gusain raised objected to the Kings confinement within his [[harem]] and his powerlessness, his eyes were pulled out, and he later died. All the other Gusains (Elder Princes) and [[Rautela]]s (Younger Princes) were killed by the trio to eliminate competition. Only two sons of former [[Maharaja]] Laxmi Chand survived - Prince Trimal Chand (Future King) and Prince Narayan Chand. Out of them the former fled to [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and the second to [[Doti]].<ref name=":0" />

A royal maid servant wrapping in a piece of cloth blind Nila Gusain's son, nicknamed 'Baja Baja', entrusted him to the wife of her family priest Dharmakar Tewari of Chausar. She kept him concealed with her. There he was brought up as a non - royal.<ref name=":0" />

== Crown Prince ==
After Vijay Chand was killed by the trio of nobles, the Mahar faction made Trimal Chand the Maharaja after bringing him back from [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]. Once enthroned, Maharaja Trimal Chand took swift action and punished the three nobles.

During his reign, Trimal Chand faced a succession crisis as he had no son. Many members of the [[Chand kingdom|Chand dynasty]] had either perished in the violent conflicts during Vijay Chand's time or had fled. Determined to find a suitable heir, Trimal Chand began searching for a successor.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Oakley |first=E. Sherman |title=Holy Himalaya; the religion, traditions, and scenery of Himalayan province (Kumaon and Garwhal) |publisher=[[Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier]] |isbn=978-1330177044 |location=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |publication-date=1905 |language=en}}</ref>

He was informed that Baz Gusain, the son of Nila Gusain, had been raised by the wife of Sri Dharmakar Tewari. When men were sent to retrieve the boy, Tewari's wife, suspicious of the Maharaja's intentions, denied that he was in her home.

Trimal Chand then personally visited her. She demanded that he swear an oath ensuring the boy's safety and confirming his appointment as prince before she would hand him over. The Maharaja agreed to her conditions, after which she entrusted Baz Gusain to him. Trimal Chand took the boy to the palace and formally declared him the prince.

The appointment of Baz Gusain as prince was celebrated with great pomp. In the royal court, Trimal Chand publicly addressed him as his successor, seated him beside his throne, and said to him, ''"My son, you will be the king after me."'' From that moment, Baz Gusain became known as Prince Baj Chand and began attending court to learn the administration of the kingdom.<ref name=":0" />

== Reign ==
=== Enthronement ===
Prince Baj Chand became the [[Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]] in 1638 after the death of Maharaja Trimal Chand.

=== Recapturing Terai ===
The area of [[Terai|Terai Bhavar]] was highly prosperous. But since the time of Maharaja Laxmi Chand, the [[Chand kingdom|Chands]] were engaged in domestic quarrels, so they could not pay attention to Terai. There the Hindu chiefs of Kather had grabbed major part of their kingdom.<ref name=":0" />

==== Meeting with [[Shah Jahan]] ====
Baz Chand went to the court of [[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan|Shahjahan]] to lodge a complaint against this. He took with him a large number of presents. He presented those gifts to the emperor. The Emperor told him that the Maharaja should support him in his war against [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], and when they will win the region of [[Terai]] would be given to him. In 1654-55 A.D. the army was sent to [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]. He also was sent there. In the battle of Garhwal he showed his valiance for which the title of [[Baghatur|''Bahadur'']] was granted to him. A [[Robe of honour]] studded with jewels was also given to him.<ref name=":0" />

==== Restablishment of Authority ====
He got a ''[[firman]]'' in which he was called the [[zamindar]] of Terai. [[Subahdar|Subedar]] [[Nawab]] Rustam Khan helped Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand and again the Terai came under the authority of Kumaon. [[Nawab]] Khalilullah Khan also helped him. Rustam Khan came to the region of Kathed and read out the order of the emperor to the Kathedias. He disbanded their army and thus full authority of king Baz Bahadur Chand was re-established in Terai.<ref name=":0" />

Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand appointed '''''Karindas''''' (agents) in Terai and also founded a town named [[Bajpur|Bazpur]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Conflict against [[Aurangzeb]] ===
[[File:Sulaiman-S.png|thumb|293x293px|Prince [[Sulaiman Shikoh]]]]
When [[Aurangzeb]] decided to ascend the throne after killing his brothers, prince [[Sulaiman Shikoh|Sulaiman Sikoh]], son of [[Dara Shikoh]], fled to [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]] and begged for shelter from Baz Bahadur Chand. The Maharaja first warmly entertained him but later on finding him against the Emperor gave him many presents and wealth and sent him to [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]. Aurangzeb at once sent his army and threatened the Maharaja of Kumaon that if he did not surrender prince [[Sulaiman Shikoh|Sulaiman]] to him, the whole of [[Terai]] would be seized and Kumaon desolated.<ref name=":0" />

While Baz Bahadur Chand was in the Terai region, he commanded his night guard, Hedi, to stealthily enter the sleeping chamber of the Muslim commander and steal his shawl, dagger, and turban. These items were then sent to the Mughal Emperor along with a letter in which the Maharaja stated that, had he wished, he could have killed the imperial commander but refrained from doing so since the prince was not present with him.<ref name=":0" />

Around this time, Prince [[Sulaiman Shikoh|Sulaiman]] was captured, prompting the Mughal army to retreat from Terai. The Mughal ''[[Sardar]]'' informed Emperor Aurangzeb that the Maharaja of Kumaon was truthful and had not provided shelter to the prince. Pleased with this assurance, Baz Bahadur Chand later dispatched Prince Pahad Singh Gusain and Pandit Vishvarup Pandey Rajguru as his [[ambassador]]s to the Mughal court in Delhi. In response, Aurangzeb granted a ''[[firman]]'' confirming the Maharaja's authority over Terai and honored him with a [[robe of honour]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Second conflict against [[Aurangzeb]] ===
In 1665 the [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal army]] was sent to Kumaon against Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand. The army of emperor [[Aurangzeb]] captured [[Terai]] and the emperor's rule was established there (October. 1665), but it was not an easy job to have control over mountains. In May 1666 one lakh rupees and 200 stone cutters were sent to help the army. The [[Garhwal Kingdom|Raja of Garhwal]] backed the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] against [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]] but his nephew who had matrimonial relation in the royal family of Kumaon, backed the Maharaja of Kumaon.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=History of Aurangzib |publisher=M C Sarkar |isbn=9394262245 |edition=Volume 3 |location=Calcutta (now [[Kolkata]]) |publication-date=1928 |language=en}}</ref>

In a letter addressed to the ''[[Vizier|Vazīr-e Azam]]'' of the [[Mughal Empire]] during that time, Baz Bahadur Chand accused the [[Garhwal Kingdom|Raja of Garhwal]] for lodging a false complaint against him in the court of emperor Aurangzeb, falsely stating that he possessed huge wealth, so much gold that would not be available even on conducting searches all over the mountains. Baz Bahadur Chand then said that Raja of Garhwal should prove the authenticity of his statement. He then continued, saying that in regard to invading [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] (capital of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]) without permission from the Mughal court, he is ready to pay a fine for it.<ref name=":0" />

In October. 1673 the Maharaja was granted pardon and he sent his prince to the imperial court.<ref name=":3" />

=== Management of [[Terai]] ===
The Maharaja greatly loved [[Terai|Terai Bhavar]]. He always toured that region. He appointed officers there. They were ordered to live at [[Bajpur|Bazpur]] and [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]] in winter. In summers the officers shifted to Kota and Badakheda. Each and every ''[[bigha]]'' of land was then under cultivation. Kota was the main capital of Terai Bhavar. The Kumaoni [[Governor]] of Terai Bhavar lived there. Some Muslim ''[[sardar]]s'' and the army also was posted there and their commission was fixed. Among the Muslims some who belonged to Hedi and [[Meo (ethnic group)|Mewat]] were allotted the duties of watchmen of Bhavar.<ref name=":0" />

=== Introducing new court customs ===
Upon his return to [[Almora]], Baz Bahadur Chand introduced several customs inspired by the traditions he had observed in Muslim courts and the courts of other rulers. He established '''''naubat''''' (kettle drums) and '''''nakkarchikhanas''''' (designated areas for drummers to perform). Additionally, he appointed bearers of '''''asa''''' (a staff adorned with gold and silver plating) and '''''ballam''''' (a specially crafted mace), along with '''''chopdars''''' (ceremonial guards).

The Maharaja also brought with him a group of mace-bearers, drummers, '''''mirasis''''' (traditional performers), clowns, and mimes from the plains to enhance the grandeur of his court. Furthermore, a [[Brahmin]] confectioner was employed to prepare sweets for the royal palace.<ref name=":0" />

=== Views on [[Jizya]] ===
Baz Bahadur Chand was against [[Jizya|Jizya tax]] being implemented on [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[associated state]]s like [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]]. According to Raja Anand Singh, a descendant of the [[Chand kingdom|Chand dynasty]] and [[Indian independence movement|Indian freedom fighter]], an application from Kumaon was sent that this tax should not be levied.<ref name=":0" />

=== Installation of [[Nanda Devi]] ===
Baz Bahadur Chand invaded Garhwall and from there brought [[Nanda Devi|Nandadevi]] along with all her attendants and installed her in Malla Mahal, [[Almora]]. Royal maid servants were placed there for the service.<ref name=":0" />

Later on George William Traill, second commissioner of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], shifted and installed her at the present place.<ref name=":0" />

=== Invasion of [[Purang Town|Taklakot]] ([[Tibet]]) ===
Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand was a man of strong religious convictions. He was shocked to hear the stories of atrocities of the Lamas from the pilgrims to Mansarovar and Kailash.<ref name=":0" /> In response the Kumaoni forces invaded [[Tibet]] and captured [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] [[Lake Manasarovar|Manasarovar]], a holy site for Hindus and Buddhists, along with several forts.
[[File:Taklakot fort.jpg|left|thumb|295x295px|Painting of Taklakot Fort, by [[Arnold Henry Savage Landor]]]]

==== Cause ====
Many pilgrims came to the court of Baz Bahadur Chand to complain about the Huniyas (The area from northwestern [[Tibet]] till the borders of [[Ladakh]] at that time was known as Hundesh, and Tibetans there were called Huniyas, ཧུ་ནི་ཡ) robbing them on their pilgrimage to [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] [[Lake Manasarovar|Manasarovar]], and committing atrocities. Being quite religious, he could not stand it, and decided to bring an end to this problem.

==== Invasion ====
Baz Bahadur Chand himself led his army through [[Johar Valley|Juhar Pass]] and entered Tibetan territory, which was then under [[Khoshut Khanate]] (ཁོ་ཤུད་ཀན་དེ), a nominal [[vassal state]] of the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Dynasty]]. He captured the [[Tegla Kar|Fort of Taklakot]] (ཏེག་ལ་དཀར་རྫོང་) in 1670. It is said that the chasm in it that was made by the royal army still exists in its original form. He also forced the Huniyas there to pay tribute to his Kingdom. This was the first time in history that an Indian king had captured this stronghold of [[Tibet]].<ref name=":0" />

==== Aftermath ====
There was no strong response from the higher Tibetan authority to this intrusion, and although it is not very well documented, civil war and unrest, Mongol conquest and rise of regional warlords in Tibet could be a probable cause.

The Maharaja deprived the Huniyas of their right over the passes of [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]], and took it in his hands. He also stopped the commission that the [[Bhotiyas of Uttarakhand|Bhotias]] paid to the Tibetans, but when the Tibetans agreed that in future they would raise no dispute in respect of religion, communication and trade, then he allowed it to continue. With the revenue of the nearby villages, he made an arrangement for food, clothing and lodging of the pilgrims to [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] [[Lake Manasarovar|Mansarovar]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Reconquest attempt by [[Garhwal Kingdom|Kingdom of Garhwal]] ===

[[File:IGI1908India1765a.jpg|thumb|Map of India 1765, Garhwal conquered By Baz Bahadur Chand]]

==== Reconquest attempt and response ====
When Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand was in Bhot, the [[Garhwal Kingdom|Raja of Garhwal]] collecting an army re-captured the regions formerly conquered by Baz Bahadur Chand. Baz Bahadur Chand taking some commanders and army with him reached [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] via [[Pindar River|Pindari]] while other commanders went to Lohaba via [[Ramganga]]. They drove away the [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwalis]] up to [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]]. In [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]], a truce was signed and realising the expenditure incurred on military operations and accepting presents the [[Garhwal Kingdom|kingdom of Garhwal]] was handed back to the [[Garhwal Kingdom|Raja of Garhwal]].<ref name=":0" />

==== Wiping out descendants of [[Katyuri Dynasty]] ====
Pali ([[Ranikhet]] and [[Dwarahat]]) was conquered in the days of Maharaja Kirti Chand but the [[Katyuri Dynasty|Katyuris]] living there were allowed to live in the Manila fort of [[Salt, Uttarakhand|Salt]]. In this battle when the news reached Baz Bahadur Chand that the Katyuris had helped [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], he destroyed that fort and also drove out the Katyuri king from there. In this way the descendants of the family of Katyuris vanished. [[Salt, Uttarakhand|Salt]] also was annexed to [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Rebellion of prince Udyot Chand ===
Some ministers and nobles managed to influence Prince Udyot Chand, successfully inciting him to conspire against his father, Baz Bahadur Chand, in an attempt to seize the throne. Upon learning of this plot, the Maharaja took action by sending Udyot Chand to [[Gangolihat]], across the [[Sarju|Saryu River]], entrusting him with the administration of regions such as Sor, Sira, Akskot, Darma, and Bhot.<ref name=":0" />

In his book '<nowiki/>''History of Kumaon''', Shri [[Badri Datt Pandey|Badri Dutt Pandey]] recounts an intriguing exchange between the Maharaja and the prince:

''"Udyot Chand wrote from Gangoli an ordinary letter to the king but a white (grey) hair was found in it. The king asked its reason from his courtiers. They said that by sending white hair he wants to convey that he had grown old ; he was yet only a prince, when would he become a king ? Thereupon, the king dictated his reply to this letter and despatched it with a black hair of his head and in it also sent a message that the king had not yet grown old. But to console the prince he went to Gangoli and there affectionately met him and after consoling him returned to Almora."'' <ref name=":0" />

=== Resignation of Diwan Narottam Joshi ===
To ensure fairness and proper governance, Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand and his [[Divan|Diwan]], Narottam Joshi, agreed that no royal order would be issued without the Maharaja's signature (Royal [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]]). The Maharaja would sign a document only if the Diwan deemed it just and fair. To facilitate this process, the Diwan controlled access to the royal pen-stand, keeping its key in his possession. He would take a pen from the stand, fill it with ink, and hand it to the Maharaja for signing. This system was strictly followed.

During the reign of the Chand kings, official copper plates, known as '''''katardar''''', bore the mark of the ruler's dagger instead of a signature. The king's name was engraved at the beginning, along with the names of chief officers. This practice extended to signing official documents as well.

On one occasion, in the Maharaja's absence, Diwan Narottam Joshi issued a royal order under his own signature for an urgent matter. His opponents took advantage of the situation and influenced the Maharaja, who, in response, ordered that the Diwan's hands be cut off. To prevent this severe punishment, a deputy minister paid a fine of 40,000 Rupees on the Diwan's behalf, leading the Maharaja to pardon him.

A few years later, another critical order required the Maharaja's signature while the Diwan was unavailable. The Diwan's rivals persuaded the Maharaja that he was being treated as a mere figurehead while the Diwan held real power. Enraged, Baz Bahadur Chand broke the royal pen-stand and had the order signed by another officer. When Narottam Joshi returned and discovered what had happened, he resigned from his position. Later, when the Maharaja's anger subsided, he summoned Joshi back, but the Diwan refused, sending a message that if the Maharaja no longer trusted him, he would not serve him again.<ref name=":0" />

=== Later years and cognitive decline ===
Baz Bahadur Chand showed symptoms of cognitive decline and also became paranoid. The once popular and celebrated ruler gained a notorious reputation in his later years.

A Dalakoti Brahmin deceived the Maharaja by suggesting that his failure to regularly test his officers could lead to betrayal. When the Maharaja asked for a way to conduct such a test, the Brahmin proposed a method: he would place two heaps of rice—one containing good rice and the other containing bad rice. By touching either heap, he claimed he could determine which officers and courtiers were loyal and which were not. Since Baz Bahadur Chand has developed [[paranoia]] and other mental issues in his old age, he believed him. Following this advice, the Maharaja ordered his servants and courtiers to participate in the test. Based on the Brahmin's judgments, many individuals were deemed disloyal and subsequently executed.<ref name=":0" />

Whomsoever the Dalakoti Brahmin wanted to be killed, he declared him bad on the ground that he had touched the heap of rice. In this way on the advice of the Brahmin the Maharaja got hundreds of his men killed. Eyes of many more were pulled out. Since then, the [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]] proverb goes "'''''वर्ष भया अस्सी, बुद्धि गई नस्सी''''' " (When one becomes eighty years old, his wisdom is destroyed).

Sri Sundar Bhandari, a trusted attendant from the village of Bajel in [[Almora]], was a favorite of Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand. One day, he warned the Maharaja that he had been misled by the Dalakoti Brahmin and had unjustly executed many individuals, causing discontent among his officers. The Maharaja, however, insisted that he never ordered executions without proper inquiry and believed the rice test to be a fair method of judgment.<ref name=":0" />

To challenge this belief, Sundar Bhandari set up two heaps of rice and told the Maharaja that one heap would signify that he considered the ruler bad, while the other would indicate he saw him as good. By chance, Sundar Bhandari touched the heap containing bad rice. This unexpected turn of events made the Maharaja realize the flaws in the test. Acknowledging his mistake, he punished Dalakoti and admitted that he had committed a grave injustice. As a gesture of remorse, he provided financial support to the families of those who had been executed. Despite this, people remained fearful of approaching him.<ref name=":0" />

It is said that Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand was greatly hurt by this sin.

== Abdication ==
Due to his declining physical and mental health, Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand abdicated in favour of prince Udyot Chand in 1678, at the age of 80.

On the [[abdication]] of Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand, the next Maharaja Udyot Chand was summoned from Gangoli and ascended the throne unopposed. The abdication was reportedly met with popular support due to Baz Bahadur Chand's declining mental state and a recent array of executions.<ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
The period of the rule of Maharaj Baz Bahadur Chand was very glorious. He extended the empire and brought in a number of new reforms and further institutionalized the government. But his last days were very bad. He mental status declined continuously and he developed [[paranoia]]. He was always suspicious that his courtiers and sons might kill him at any moment. He dismissed all his old servants under the fear that someone might kill him.<ref name=":0" />

In 1680 he died a very painful death in [[Almora]]. None cared for him.<ref name=":0" />

== Legacy ==
Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand is regarded as one of the most influential and powerful rulers in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon's]] history as well as in the history of the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] regions. His dedication to good governance made him a popular figure of his time. His acts of kindness and charity were probably influenced by his humble and non - royal childhood. He was well respected by his subjects and honoured by his descendants as well, even though the atrocities he committed in his old age due to his [[paranoia]] and other mental issues he later developed were well known. His courage to stand against the [[Aurangzeb|Mughal emperor Aurangzeb]] as well as his willingness to venture out into unknown [[Tibetan Plateau|Tibetan]] territory to protect pilgrims is often perceived and acclaimed as the true qualities of a [[monarch]]. His reign saw the [[Golden Age]] of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], where culture, religion and civilization bloomed, which continued during the reign of his son Maharaja Udyot Chand.

=== Respect for [[Foster care|Foster family]] ===
[[File:Bhimtal watercolor1878BLcollection.JPG|thumb|302x302px|Bhimeswar Temple in [[Bhimtal]] lying in a desolated condition in 1878. This painting was made by Marianne North.]]The name of the son of the [[Tiwari|Tewari]] [[Brahmin|Brahmani]] (female [[brahmin]]), who had brought up the orphaned Baz Chand in Chausar and had nursed him during his childhood, was Narayan Tewari. Baz Bahadur Chand summoned him to his palace and addressing him as his elder brother asked him to come in and be seated. Maharaja Baz Chand asked him what he should gift him. Narayan Tewari replied that Tewari brahmins should be in the same hierarchy of brahmins in which Guru, Purohit, Pant and Pandey are. The Maharaja accepted it and ordered his officers that on the occasions when [[brahmin]], [[Guru]] and [[Purohita|Purohit]] class are invited, [[Pandit|Pt.]] Narayan Tewari also be invited along with them.<ref name=":0" />

The memorial of that honest and pious Brahmin still exists. The '''''Tyadi ka naula''''' which lies near Chausar was also built after his name.<ref name=":0" />

=== [[Religiosity]] ===
Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand was deeply religious. He promoted religious studies and gave respect to educated scholars and [[Brahmin]]s in his kingdom.

He did many acts of charity. He performed many religious sacrifices in [[Bageshwar]]. Recitation, penances and sacrifices were regularly performed. In [[Bhimtal]] he constructed the temple of Bhimeshvar Mahadev. He built a number of temples all over [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]. He inlaid the temple of [[Jageshwar]] with plates of copper. He built many more temples and '''''naulas''''' (ground water springs). Lakhs of rupees were spent over them.<ref name=":0" />

== Functionaries ==
[[File:Malla Mahal, Almora.jpg|thumb|372x372px|Malla Mahal was the seat of the Maharaja and the royal court.]]
During the reign of Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand the following people held important posts in the royal [[Durbar (court)|durbar]] (court) -

[[Pandit|Pt.]] Srinivas Pandey was the [[rajguru]] (High Priest) and [[Pandit|Pt.]] Rudradev Pandey was the [[Purohita|purohit]] of Baz Bahadur Chand.<ref name=":0" />

Sri Narottam Joshi was the [[Divan|Diwan]] (Prime Minister) of [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon]]. Sri Bhavdev Joshi and Sri Sudarshan Upreti were the ministers.<ref name=":0" />

Sri Vishvarup Pandey, Sri Vinayak Adhikari, Sri Vikramark Gusain, Sri Pratapaditya Gusain, Sri Arjun Singh Gusain were commanders of the army and courtiers.<ref name=":0" />

Great scholars adorned the royal court. The science of [[astrology]] was greatly progressing. [[Pandit|Pt.]] Hiramani Joshi of Mala, [[Pandit|Pt.]] Ramapati of Sarp, [[Pandit|Pt.]] Manorath Joshi of Bherang were the chief [[Astrology|astrologers]] of the royal court. Almanacs and a number of astrological works were composed during Baz Bahadur Chand's reign.<ref name=":0" />

== Issue ==

* Maharaja Udyot Chand, the eldest son of Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand<ref name=":0" />
* Prince Pahad Singh Gusain, the second son of Baz Bahadur Chand<ref name=":0" />
* The third prince, about him not anything is known since he left everything to become a [[hermit]]<ref name=":0" />

== In popular culture ==
A theatrical show revolving around the life of Maharaja Baz Bahadur Chand was performed in [[Delhi]] by 'Divya Diksha- Centre for Performing Arts' on July, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Divya Diksha brings to life the story of Baz Bahadur Chand |url=https://www.newspost.live/en/divya-diksha-brings-to-life-the-story-of-baz-bahadur-chand/ |work=News Post}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Kingdom of Kumaon]]
* [[Kumaon division]]
* [[Chand kingdom|Chand Dynasty]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}'''Attribution:''' ({{Source-attribution|'History of Kumaon' by Badri Dutt Pandey, published by Shree Almora Book Depot in 1993. (Link: https://pahar.in/pahar/Books%20and%20Articles/Indian%20Subcontinent/1993%20History%20of%20Kumaun%20(English%20version%20of%20Kumaun%20Ka%20Itihas)%20Vol%201%20by%20Pande%20s.pdf )}})

[[Category:1598 births]]
[[Category:1680 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian maharajas]]
[[Category:People from Kumaon Kingdom]]

Sibi George

2026-03-30T11:03:15Z

Vaibhu:

{{Short description|Indian civil servant (born 1967)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sibi George
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| image = [[File:Sibi George Profile.jpg|Sibi George Profile]]
| office = Secretary (West), [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| minister = [[Subrahmanyam Jaishankar]]
| term_start = 1 September 2025
| term_end =
| predecessor = Tanmaya Lal
| successor =
| office1 = [[List of ambassadors of India to Japan|Ambassador of India to Japan]]
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2022|11|01|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = 31 August 2025
| predecessor1 = [[Sanjay Kumar Verma]]
| successor1 = [[Nagma Mallick]]
| prime_minister1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| office2 = [[List of Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India|Ambassador of India to Kuwait]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2020|8|01|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2022|10|31|df=yes}}
| predecessor2 = K Jeeva Sagar
| successor2 = Dr Adarsh Swaika
| prime_minister2 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| office3 = [[List of Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India|Ambassador of India to Switzerland, the Holy See and Liechtenstein]]
| term_start3 = {{Start date|2017|11||df=yes}}
| term_end3 = {{End date|2020|08||df=yes}}
| predecessor3 = Smitha Purushotham
| successor3 = [[Monika Kapil Mohta]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|05|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pala, Kerala|Pala]], [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India
| education = [[Master of Arts]] (Political Science)
| alma_mater = [[St. Thomas College, Palai]]
| occupation = [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| spouse = Joice Sibi
| awards = [[Shilendra Kumar Singh|S.K. Singh Award]], 2014
| profession = [[Civil Servant]]
| blank1 = Rank
| data1 = [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]]
}}

'''Sibi George''' (born 20 May 1967) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[diplomat]] from the 1993 batch of the [[Indian Foreign Service]] who now serves as the [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary (West)]] in [[Ministry of External Affairs, India]] since 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudhakar Dalela Appointed New Secretary (Economic Relations), Sibi George As Secretary (West) In MEA |url=https://thesecretariat.in/article/sudhakar-dalela-appointed-new-secretary-economic-relations-sibi-george-as-secretary-west-in-mea |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The secretariat |language=en}}</ref> Previously, he has served as the Ambassador of India to [[Japan]]. He has previously served as Ambassador of India to [[Kuwait]], [[Switzerland]], the [[Holy See]] (Vatican City), as well as the Principality of [[Liechtenstein]]. He joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1993.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ambassador Sibi George, Ambassador of India-designate to Japan |url=https://www.indembassy-tokyo.gov.in/eoityo_pages/MQ,, |website=Embassy of India, Japan |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref>

In 2014, the [[Government of India]] conferred on him the [[Shilendra Kumar Singh|S.K. Singh Award]] for Excellence in [[Indian Foreign Service]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/indian-diplomat-in-saudi-arabia-sibi-george-wins-s-k-singh-award-114030601055_1.html|title=Indian Diplomat in Saudi Arabia Sibi George wins S.K. Singh award|date=6 March 2014|via=Business Standard}}</ref> This award was conferred upon him during his post as Deputy Chief of Mission to [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netindian.in/news/national/sibi-george-wins-s-k-singh-award-excellence-indian-foreign-service|title=Sibi George wins S K Singh Award for Excellence in Indian Foreign Service|first=NetIndian|last=News Network|website=NetIndian}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
George was born in [[Pala, Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2017/10/22/kerala-sibi-george-ambassador-india-switzerland.html|title=Keralite Sibi George appointed ambassador of India to Switzerland|website=OnManorama}}</ref>
He is a gold medallist graduate of [[St. Thomas College, Palai]] and has a Master of Arts in Political Science. He also holds a diploma in [[Arabic]] from [[The American University in Cairo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indembassybern.gov.in/page/amb-profile/|title=Embassy of India, Berne, Switzerland : Ambassador Profile}}</ref>

==Career==
Joining the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in 1993, George began his diplomatic career in [[Cairo]] where he served in the Mission as Political Officer. Subsequently he moved to the Indian Embassy in [[Doha]], [[Qatar]] where he handled Consular, Community, Information and Media affairs as First Secretary. Later he served as Political Counsellor in Indian High Commission in [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]] and as Political Counsellor and Commercial Counsellor at Indian Embassy in [[Washington DC]]. He also served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Indian Missions in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] and [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/nri/malayali-ifs-officer-sibi-george-to-be-appointed-as-indian-ambassador-to-kuwait-1.4730018|title=Malayali IFS officer Sibi George to be appointed as Indian Ambassador to Kuwait|first=P. C.|last=Hareesh|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/sibi-george-appointed-indian-envoy-to-kuwait/india/news/2021271.html|title=Sibi George appointed Indian envoy to Kuwait}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iflkuwait.com/notice-board/36248-h-e-sibi-george-will-be-the-india-s-new-ambassador-to-kuwait|title=H.E. Sibi George will be the India's new Ambassador to Kuwait ???|website=www.iflkuwait.com}}</ref>

At headquarters of [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] in New Delhi, he served in East Asia Division and also as coordinator of [[India–Africa Forum Summit]]. He later headed Administration, Establishment and Welfare Divisions in the Ministry of External Affairs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://namasteswitzerland.ch/2018/03/08/meet-the-ambassador-of-india-h-e-mr-sibi-george/|title=Meet the Ambassador of India, H.E. Mr. Sibi George|date=7 March 2018}}</ref>

He was accredited as the Ambassador of India to [[Switzerland]], the [[Holy See]] (Vatican City) and the Principality of [[Liechtenstein]] in November, 2017 and [[Kuwait]] in 2020. During his post, he handled the high profile visits of Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in January 2018, who visited Switzerland to deliver the keynote address at the [[World Economic Forum|World Economic Forum's]] Annual Meeting 2018 in [[Davos]] and the recent state visit of President [[Ram Nath Kovind]] to Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/narendra-modi-davos-these-are-the-3-greatest-threats-to-civilization/|title=Narendra Modi: These are the 3 greatest threats to civilization|website=World Economic Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ddnews.gov.in/national/president-kovind-switzerland-second-leg-his-3-nation-visit|title=President Kovind in Switzerland on second leg of his 3-Nation visit | DD News|website=ddnews.gov.in}}</ref> The President also attended an Indian Community and Friends of India reception hosted by Sibi George<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://presidentofindia.gov.in/|title=The President of India|website=presidentofindia.gov.in}}</ref>

==Awards==
George was presented the S.K. Singh Award for Excellence in Indian Foreign Service by Former Vice President of India [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]. He was congratulated for his services in aiding the Indian expatriates during the Saudi Arabian [[Saudization|Nitaqat]] scheme, a law aimed at giving preferential employment to locals, and involving a drive to identify illegal migrant workers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/news/536656|title=Indian VP honors envoy for excellence in foreign service|date=8 March 2014|website=Arab News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2014/03/indias-deputy-chief-of-mission-in-saudi.html|title=India's deputy chief of mission in Saudi Arabia Sibi George gets 3rd SK Singh Award|first=BoI|last=Team}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/indian-diplomat-saudi-arabia-sibi-george-wins-sk-singh-award-549341/|title=Indian Diplomat in Saudi Arabia Sibi George wins S.K. Singh award|date=30 November 2013}}</ref> The Indian Embassy negotiated solutions for all the Indians needing help. About 100,000 returned home, while the Embassy and the volunteers worked towards regularising the status of 1.4 million Indians who wanted to stay in Saudi Arabia.<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/1131118/jsp/nation/story_17582771.jsp]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalworkplaceinsider.com/2013/11/the-nitaqat-program-what-employers-in-saudi-arabia-need-to-know/|title=The Nitaqat Program: what employers in Saudi Arabia need to know|date=11 November 2013|website=Global Workplace Insider}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is married to artist Joice John Pampoorethu. They have three children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.q8india.com/blog/2020/04/30/h-e-sibi-george-will-indias-new-ambassador-kuwait/|title=H.E. Sibi George will be the India's new Ambassador to Kuwait|date=30 April 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}

* [http://www.indembassybern.ch/eoi.php?id=Ambassador Ambassador’s Bio Data], Embassy of India, Berne
* https://www.indembkwt.gov.in/Ambassador.php

{{Authority control}}

{{Ambassadors of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Sibi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Pala, Kerala]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the Holy See]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Kuwait]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Liechtenstein]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:1967 births]]

Basharat Ullah

2026-03-28T01:10:45Z

Vaibhu: stub

{{Short description|Punjabi painter}}

''[[Sheikh]]'' '''Basharat Ullah''' (1801–1892<ref>{{Cite book |last=Batham |first=Roop Narayan |title=Indian Painters of Colonial Era (1750 - 1950 AD) |year=2023 |pages=31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Artists of the World: Bio-Bibliographical Index by Profession |publisher=K.G. Saur |year=2002 |isbn=9783598247101 |volume=6: Master Draughtsman (Sweden) - Painter (Barbados) |pages=411}}</ref>), also known as '''Basahathullah''' or '''Basahatullah''', was a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] miniature painter who was employed as a [[Court painter|court-painter]] for various states, such as [[Patiala State]].{{Efn|His name is alternatively spelt as 'Bisharat Ullah'. An inscription on one of his paintings gives his full name with titles as ''Qalem Basharat 'Allah Masur''.<ref>{{cite web |title=A SIKH BATTLE SCENE, PUNJAB, EARLY 19TH CENTURY |url=https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5249215 |website=Christie's |access-date=7 December 2025 |date=2009}}</ref>|group=note}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=R. P. |title=Punjab Painting |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1983 |isbn=9788170171744 |pages=55–56}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaur |first=Harpreet |date=24–30 June 2021 |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: Protector of Human Rights |url=https://www.bvsss.org/KhalsaSamachar/Khalsa%20Samachar%2024-30%20June%202021%20Issue%2025.pdf |journal=Khalsa Samachar |volume=31 |issue=25 |pages=7–8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Sikhs: A Story of a People, Their Faith and Culture |publisher=Penguin |others=DK |date=25 April 2023 |isbn=9780593849422 |pages=156–157}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Basharat's family were originally from [[Lahore]] but were also based in Delhi and later Patiala, where they remained for over a hundred and fifty years.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Musarrat |title=Painting in the Punjab Plains: 1849-1949 |publisher=Ferozsons |year=1998 |isbn=9789690014269 |pages=131, 148, 136, 167}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://cdn.aaa.org.hk/_source/ustad-haji-muhammed-sharif.pdf |title=Exhibition of Miniature Paintings: Ustad Haji Muhammad Sharif |date=24 October 1960 |publisher=Alhamra Pakistan Art Council Lahore}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Ikeda |first=Atsushi |title=Portraying the Guru: Art, Devotion and Identity in Sikhism |date=Sep 24, 2024 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=9781837652389 |pages=44}}</ref> Basharat Ullah was the son of Allah Ditta, another artist.{{Efn|His father's name is alternatively spelt as 'Alla Ditta'.|group=note}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goswamy |first=B. N. |title=Piety and Splendour: Sikh Heritage in Art |publisher=National Museum |year=2000 |pages=9, 245}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Shiv Kumar |title=Creation of the Khalsa: Fulfilment of Guru Nanak's Mission : Khalsa Tercentenary Commemorative Volume |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |year=1999 |isbn=9788173805738 |pages=157}}</ref> His father Allah Ditta moved to Patiala to work as a court-painter after studying the art of miniature painting under Mirza Shah Rukh Beg in Delhi.<ref name=":4" />

In 1825, Basharat was based out of Lahore of the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Chaitanya |first=Krishna |title=A History of Indian Painting |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1976 |isbn=9788170173106 |volume=2 |pages=6–7}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Due to his family background, he was knowledgeable in [[Mughal painting|Mughal miniature styles]].<ref name=":1" /> He painted [[Sikh art|Sikh themes]] and was heavily influenced by the [[Pahari painting|Pahari school of art]], such as the [[Kangra painting|Kangra style]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Aryan |first=Krishan Chander |title=100 Years Survey of Punjab painting (1841-1941) |publisher=Punjabi University |year=1977 |pages=33, 97}}</ref> He was the disciple of Shiva Ram of Patiala and also [[Purkhu|Purkhu of Kangra]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

Basharat Ullah's son was ''[[Hajji|Haji]]'' Muhammad Sharif, who also became an artist.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Strong |first=Susan |title=The Arts of the Sikh Kingdoms |publisher=Weatherhill |year=1999 |isbn=9780834804715 |edition=illustrated |pages=171, 245}}</ref> Basharat initially wanted his son to become a watchmaker instead of an artist.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Focus on Pakistan |publisher=Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation |volume=4 |pages=32–33}}</ref> Basharat had his son trained by Muhammad Hasan Khan of Delhi.<ref name=":4" /> Muhammad Sharif would also be employed by the Patiala ''[[Durbar (court)|Durbar]]'' until 1944.<ref name=":4" />

== Legacy ==
Some of his inscribed works have survived till the present.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=Reeta |title=Five Centuries of Sikh Tradition: Ideology, Society, Politics, and Culture : Essays for Indu Banga |publisher=Manohar |year=2005 |isbn=9788173046537 |pages=110, 119}}</ref> Some of Basharat's works are preserved in the Toor Collection.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web |last=Toor |first=Davinder S. |date=2018 |title=Artists |url=https://toorcollection.com/artists |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=Toor Collection}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Painting of the head of Guru Tegh Bahadar being brought to Anandpur, where Guru Gobind Singh pays obeisance, circa 19th century.jpg|Painting of the head of Guru Tegh Bahadar being brought to Anandpur, where Guru Gobind Singh pays obeisance, circa 19th century
File:Painting of Kashmiri Pandits petitioning Guru Tegh Bahadur for help against persecution of Hindus in Kashmir by the Mughal Empire, circa 19th century.jpg|Painting of Kashmiri Pandits petitioning Guru Tegh Bahadur for help against persecution of Hindus in Kashmir by the Mughal Empire, circa 19th century
File:Aurangzeb sitting on his throne, receiving the news of the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Guru’s companions, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Dayala Das at Delhi’s Chandi Chowk.jpg|Aurangzeb sitting on his throne, receiving the news of the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Guru's companions, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Dayala Das at Delhi's Chandi Chowk
File:Painting of Sikh horsemen clashing with a Mughal contingent, by Sheikh Basharat Ullah, either Patiala or Nabha, Punjab, circa mid-19th century.jpg|Painting of Sikhs in battle
File:Maharajah Narinder Singh of Patiala on an elephant proceeding up the rampart of a palace.jpg|Maharajah Narinder Singh of Patiala on an elephant proceeding up the rampart of a palace
File:Guru Tegh Bahadar and a young Gobind Rai at the Anandpur Darbar.jpg|Guru Tegh Bahadar and a young Gobind Rai at the Anandpur Darbar
File:Guru Tegh Bahadar receives news of the birth of Gobind Rai.jpg|Guru Tegh Bahadar receives news of the birth of Gobind Rai
File:Painting of Maharaja Narinder Singh of Patiala State in procession, ca.1850.jpg|Painting of Maharaja Narinder Singh of Patiala State in procession, ca.1850
File:Painting of Mughal emperor Akbar meeting Guru Amar Das in 1567 at Goindwal.jpg|Painting of Mughal emperor Akbar meeting Guru Amar Das in 1567 at Goindwal
File:Bhai Sukha and Bhai Mehtab Singh confront Massa Ranghar.jpg|Bhai Sukha and Bhai Mehtab Singh confront Massa Ranghar
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1801 births]]
[[Category:1892 deaths]]
[[Category:Miniature painting]]

Sarbat Khalsa

2026-03-27T21:04:57Z

Vaibhu: enhanced structure and fixed typos

{{Short description|Deliberative assembly of the Sikhs}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Sarbat Khalsa
| native_name = ਸਰਬੱਤ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ
| logo = Khanda (Sikh Symbol).svg
| logo_size = 50px
| logo_alt = A stylized wordmark saying "Calgary Stampede" below a C lazy-S logo.
| image = GURUDWARA_SRI_AKAL_TAKHT_SAHIB.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = The [[1986 Sarbat Khalsa]] gathering at the [[Akal Takht]] on [[Vaisakhi]] (13 April 1986).
| dates =
| frequency = Biannually Since 1805, then called upon Sikh community request since 1986.
| location = Various throughout [[Punjab Region]]
| country = Previous (Sikh Raaj and Sikh Empire), Most recent (Punjab, India)
| founded = 18th Century
| founder_name = [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh Ji]]
| last = 10 November 2015
| attendance = 500,000 - 600,000 Sikhs
| activity = Sikh Religious Affairs, Sikh Activism, Sikh Human Rights, Sikh Separatism (Since 1986)
| website =
}}
'''Sarbat Khalsa''' (lit. meaning ''all the [[Khalsa]]''; [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: {{lang|pa|ਸਰਬੱਤ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ}} ([[Gurmukhi]]) pronunciation: {{IPA|pa|sǝɾbǝt̪t̪ kʰäːlsäː|}}),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cole |first1=W. Owen |title=A popular dictionary of Sikhism |date=1997 |publisher=NTC Pub. Group |location=Lincolnwood, Ill. |isbn=978-0700710485 |page=75}}</ref> was a biannual [[Mass meeting|deliberative assembly]] (on the same lines as a [[Parliament]] in a [[Direct democracy]]) of the [[Sikhs]] held at [[Amritsar]] in [[Punjab]] during the 18th century.<ref>{{cite book |title=Brief History of Sikh Misls |publisher=Sikh Missionary College (Regd.) |location=Jalandhar |pages=4–5 |url=http://www.apnaorg.com/books/sikh-misls/book-1.php?fldr=book }}</ref> It literally translates to the "entire Sikh [[Nation]]" but as a political institution it refers to the meetings of the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)|Dal Khalsa]] and the legislature of the [[Sikh Confederacy]].

== Procedure ==

[[File:1867 photo showing a Sikh granthi reading the Guru Granth Sahib scripture in Amritsar, British India.jpg|thumb|left|Meetings of the Sarbat Khalsa began with an [[Ardās]], a [[Sikh]] prayer for guidance.]]

Meetings of the Sarbat Khalsa began with an [[Ardās]], a [[Sikh]] prayer for guidance. The body then chose [[Panj Piare]], or five members, to act as the governing body of the [[mass meeting]]. To become one of the Panj Piare members would have to be nominated, answer objections from the assembly, and be subject to a [[direct vote]].<ref name="b5">{{cite book |url=http://www.apnaorg.com/books/sikh-misls/book-1.php?fldr=book |title=Brief History of Sikh Misls |publisher=Sikh Missionary College (Regd.) |location=Jalandhar |pages=5}}</ref> After their election the Panj Piare sat next to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] on the [[Akal Takht]] of [[Harmandir Sahib]]. Members put proposals up for consideration and the Panj Piare intervened in disputes that came up during the assembly. A proposal passed by the Sarbat Khalsa, known as a ''[[Gurmata]]'' (The Guru's decision) binding on all Sikhs.<ref name="b5" />
The declaration of the Independence of [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan]] was conducted in the [[Sarbat Khalsa (1986)]].

== History ==
[[File:Painting of Guru Gobind Singh holding court, from a Gobind Gita manuscript, circa early 19th century.jpg|thumb|Painting of Guru Gobind Singh holding court, from a ''Gobind Gita'' manuscript, circa early 19th century]]
The first Sarbat Khalsa was called by the tenth guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] before his death in 1708 and the tradition of calling Sarbat Khalsa has continued ever since at times of hardship or conflict. After the demolition of the Mahant System by the Khalsa Panth, S. Kartar Singh Jhabbar called the Sarbat Khalsa in 1920. He was not the Jathedar of the Akal Takht but a Sikh leader. In the resolution of that Sarbat Khalsa, Teja Singh Bhuchhar was announced as the Jathedar of the Akal Takht. The next known meeting of the Sarbat Khalsa took place on the occasion of Divali in 1721 when a clash between Tat Khalsa and the Bandais (owing fealty to Banda Singh Bahadur) was averted and amicably settled through the intervention and wise counsel of Bhai Mani Singh.

The next notable Sarbat Khalsa, which was held soon after the martyrdom of [[Bhai Tara Singh Wan]] in 1726, passed a ''[[Gurmata]]'' (the decisions of the Sarbat Khalsa), laying down a threefold plan of action: to plunder government treasures in transit between local and regional offices and the central treasury; to raid government armouries for weapons and government stables for horses and carriages; and to eliminate government informers and lackeys. This Sarbat Khalsa was arranged by the [[Jathedar of the Akal Takht]] at the time, [[Baba Darbara Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jagraj |title=A Complete Guide to Sikhism |publisher=Unistar Books |year=2009 |isbn=9788171427543 |pages=54 |quote=Banda Singh was captured alive and executed in Delhi by the Moghul Government of Hindustan in 1716, after which two most powerful nations of Asia at that time, the Moghul Emperor of Hindustan from Delhi and Ahmad Shah Abdali King of Afghanistan from Kabul vowed to wipe out the Sikhs from the face of the earth. The Sikhs left their homes and hearths and escaped to the safety of jungles, mountains of the Punjab and desert of the adjoining Rajputana, refused to submit and continued their struggle for the independence of the Sikh Nation. They re-organized themselves and first Sarbat Khalsa meeting was held at Akal Takhat Amritsar under the leadership of Jathedar Darbara Singh on the Vaisakhi day in 1726. Thereafter Amritsar became the headquarters of Dal Khalsa, Buddha Dal, Taruna Dal and then 12 Misls.}}</ref>

Another Sarbat Khalsa assembled in 1733 to deliberate upon and accept the government's offer of a Nawabship and jagir to the Panth. Under a [[gurmata]] of the Sarbat Khalsa on 14 October (Divali day) 1745, the active fighting force of the Sikhs was reorganized into 25 jathas (bands) of about 100 each.

A further reorganization into 11 [[Misl|misls]] (divisions) forming the Dal Khalsa was made by the Sarbat Khalsa on Baisakhi, 29 March 1748. Thus, Sarbat Khalsa became the central body of what J.D. Cunningham, in his book, ''A history of the Sikhs'', terms a "theocratic confederate feudalism" established by the misls.<ref>
{{citation
|title= Punjab Through the Ages
|last=Kakshi
|first=S.R.
|author2=Rashmi Pathak |author3=S.R.Bakshi |author4=R. Pathak
|year=2007
|publisher=Sarup and Son
|isbn=978-81-7625-738-1
|page=8
| access-date = 2010-04-25
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kxtEFA5qqR8C&dq=sarbat%20khalsa&pg=PA8
}}</ref> On 29 April 1986, a Sarbat Khalsa at the Golden Temple declared the rebuilding of [[Akal Takht]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HKu66SixH6AC&pg=PA58|publisher = Routledge|year =2007|author=Giorgio Shani|page=58|isbn = 9781134101894}}</ref>

After the death of [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] in 1716 the [[Khalsa]] was in disarray. After 1716, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] government began a campaign of [[Chhota Ghallughara|genocide]] against [[Sikhs]] led by [[Abdus Samad Khan]] and later his son [[Zakariya Khan]] that was carried out by in the form of a standing army dedicated to eliminating Sikhs, daily public executions, and monetary rewards for the heads of killed Sikhs.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sikhs |last=SIngh |first=Patwant |year=2001 |publisher=Image |isbn=978-0-385-50206-1 |pages=78–79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i3FJTOvDXEC&dq=mughal%20genocide%20sikhs&pg=PT83}}</ref> The [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Empire)|Dal Khalsa]] "retaliated by killing government functionaries and plundering Mughal posts, arsenals, and treasuries".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sikhs |last=SIngh |first=Patwant |year=2001 |publisher=Image |isbn=978-0-385-50206-1 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i3FJTOvDXEC&dq=mughal%20genocide%20sikhs&pg=PT83}}</ref> In 1733, because of the failure of the Mughal government to subdue the Sikhs they were offered a [[jagir]] in 1733. [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] was appointed head of the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Empire)|Dal Khalsa]] and he reorganized the Sikhs into the [[Taruna Dal]] and [[Budda Dal]]. The Taruna Dal formed the basis of the Sikh Misls.

[[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] abolished the Sarbat Khalsa in 1805.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cole |first=W. Owen |title=A popular dictionary of Sikhism |date=1997 |publisher=NTC Pub. Group |others=Piara Singh Sambhi |isbn=978-0-203-98609-7 |location=Lincolnwood, Ill. |oclc=648154652 |quote=A gurmatta may only be passed by the Sarbat Khalsa, that is a properly constituted assembly of the Panth which has been publicly announced and to which they have been summoned. In this way it resembles the gatherings of Sikhs in the presence of the human Gurus at Hola Mohalla, Baisakhi, and Diwali, at which such decisions were often made, though, of course, it must be held in the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib. In 1805 Maharaja Ranjit Singh abolished assemblies of the Sarbat Khalsa for this purpose, but the practice has recently been re-established.}}</ref> Prior to its abolition, its last convening was also held in 1805 to discuss the pursuance of the Maratha leader [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] by the British military in the Punjab.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |last=Ramgarhia |first=Sundar Singh |title=Guide to the Darbar Sahib or Golden Temple of Amritsar |publisher=Mufid-i-'am Press |year=1903 |location=Lahore |pages=35}}</ref>

=== Revival ===
The practice of Sarbat Khalsa has recently been revived.<ref name=":0" /> In [[Sarbat Khalsa (2015)|2015, a Sarbat Khalsa]] was held against the wishes of SGPC and announced 13 resolutions deliberated upon by the Sikh panth and its representatives.

The [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] claims to be the modern incarnation of the Sarbat Khalsa institution, however this claim is contested.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2025 |title=Interview with Former SGPC General Secretary Bibi Kiranjot Kaur About SGPC, Jathedars and Akal Takht |url=https://sikhsiyasatnews.net/interview-with-former-sgpc-general-secretary-bibi-kiranjot-kaur-about-sgpc-jathedars-and-akal-takht/ |access-date=17 December 2025 |work=Sikh Siyasat News |quote=Bibi Kiranjot Kaur offers a contrasting perspective, arguing that the SGPC represents a modern form of Sarbat Khalsa. This claim, however, is highly contested—especially given the current circumstances.}}</ref>

== List of prominent Sarbat Khalsas ==

*[[Sarbat Khalsa (1986)]]
* [[Sarbat Khalsa (2015)]]

==See also==
* [[Khap|Sarv Khap]] system of [[Haryana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] is similar to ''Sarbat Khalsa''
* [[Jathedar of Akal Takht]]
* [[Gurmata]], a term used to refer to resolutions passed by the ''Sarbat Khalsa''
* [[Hukamnama]], an injunction or edict issued by the Sikh gurus, their officiated followers, the Takhts, or taken from the Guru Granth Sahib
* [[Rakhi system]], the protection tax implemented by the Sikh Confederacy

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-1769)'' by Hari Ram Gupta. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1999, {{ISBN|8121505402}}, Pages: 383 pages, illustrated.
*''The Heritage of the Sikhs'' by Harbans Singh. 1994, {{ISBN|81-7304-064-8}}.
*''Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire''. 2000, second edition. {{ISBN|81-215-0213-6}}.
*''The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls''. 2001, revised edition. {{ISBN|81-215-0165-2}}.
*''Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers'' by Jean-Marie Lafont. Oxford University Press. 2002, {{ISBN|0-19-566111-7}}.
*''History of Panjab'' by Dr L. M. Joshi and Dr Fauja Singh.

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:History of Sikhism]]
[[Category:Sikh Confederacy]]

Keshav Prasad Maurya

2026-03-26T08:33:19Z

Vaibhu: brief enhanced lead to improve readability further and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1969)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Shri Keshav Prasad Maurya, MP, Phoolpur (U.P) and Shri Satyapal Singh Saini, MP, Sambhal (U.P) meeting the Minister of State for Culture (Independent Charge), Tourism (Independent Charge) and Civil Aviation (cropped).jpg
| caption = Maurya in 2017
| name = Keshav Prasad Maurya
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1969|05|07}}
| birth_place = [[Sirathu]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| residence = [[Lucknow]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = 5th [[List of deputy chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Yogi Adityanath]]
| alongside = [[Brijesh Pathak]] (2022-) [[Dinesh Sharma (politician)|Dinesh Sharma]] (2017-2022)
| term_start = 19 March 2017
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ram Naresh Yadav]] (1980)
| successor =
| office1 = [[Second Yogi Adityanath ministry|Minister of Rural Development]] of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 25 March 2022
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = Yogi Adityanath
| predecessor1 = [[Rajendra Pratap Singh]]
| office2 = [[First Yogi Adityanath ministry|Minister of Public Works Department]] of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 19 March 2017
| term_end2 = 25 March 2022
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = Yogi Adityanath
| successor2 = [[Jitin Prasada]]
| office3 = [[First Yogi Adityanath ministry|Minister of Food Processing Industries]] of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start3 = 19 March 2017
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = Yogi Adityanath
| office4 = [[Member of Legislative Council|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start4 = 9 September 2017
| term_end4 =
| constituency4 = ''Elected by the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|MLAs]]''
| office5 = [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start5 = 8 April 2016
| term_end5 = 31 August 2017
| predecessor5 = [[Laxmikant Bajpai]]
| successor5 = [[Mahendra Nath Pandey]]
| office6 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency6 = [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start6 = 26 May 2014
| term_end6 = 21 September 2017
| predecessor6 = [[Kapil Muni Karwariya]]
| successor6 = [[Nagendra Pratap Singh Patel]]
| office7 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start7 = 2012
| term_end7 = 2014
| constituency7 = [[Sirathu (Assembly constituency)|Sirathu]]
| predecessor7 = Wachaspati
| successor7 = Wachaspati
| occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|politician}}
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]]
| footnotes =
| spouse = {{marriage|Rajkumari Devi Maurya|1986}}
| children = 2
| date = 17 December
| year = 2016
| source = http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4594
| website = {{URL|https://keshavprasadmaurya.com}}
}}

[[File:The_Deputy_Chief_Ministers_of_Uttar_Pradesh,_Shri_Keshav_Prasad_Maurya_and_Shri_Dinesh_Sharma_calling_on_the_Vice_President,_Shri_M._Venkaiah_Naidu,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_22,_2017.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Maurya, in the left, with [[Dinesh Sharma (politician)|Dinesh Sharma]] and [[Venkaiah Naidu]] in 2017]]

'''Keshav Prasad Maurya''' (born 7 May 1969) is an Indian politician, currently serving as the 5th [[Deputy Chief Minister]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] under Yogi Adityanath (along with Dinesh Sarma in 2017–22 with Brajesh Pathak from 2022). He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). Maurya was associated with a right-wing Hindu organization [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], before entering active politics through BJP. He was also involved in [[Cow protection movement|cow protectionism]] in his early life. Before the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s, he was made state president of the BJP, and after the victory of BJP, he was appointed Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in the first [[Yogi Adityanath]] Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keshav Prasad Maurya: Another chaiwallah rising as BJP discusses next UP chief minister |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-2017/story/post-election-results-up-cm-keshav-prasad-maurya-965314-2017-03-12 |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=India Today |date=12 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-03-18 |title=Keshav Prasad Maurya, the deputy CM rewarded for BJP win in UP |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/keshav-prasad-maurya-the-deputy-cm-rewarded-for-bjp-win-in-up/articleshow/57710427.cms |access-date=2023-10-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thakur |first=Meenal |date=2017-03-11 |title=UP Election Results 2017: Did BJP's OBC card in Keshav Prasad Maurya hit the nail? |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/VIiTh6QRyV1Vv7tO3vLewI/UP-Election-Results-2017-Did-BJPs-OBC-card-in-Keshav-Prasa.html |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Maurya again contested the legislative assembly elections in 2022 from [[Sirathu Assembly constituency]], losing to [[Pallavi Patel]] of [[Samajwadi Party]]. However, he was given a second term as Deputy CM in the second Yogi Adityanath government.

==Life==
On 8 April 2016, on the first day of [[Chaitra]], he was appointed the BJP chief of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="OMAR RASHID">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/keshav-prasad-maurya-profile/article8452117.ece|title=Keshav Prasad Maurya: 'Gareebi, Sangh aur OBC'|first=Omar|last=Rashid|date=8 April 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2016-04-09|archive-date=5 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105175907/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/keshav-prasad-maurya-profile/article8452117.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/U2OpydsZdf8KTGHAB1lBHP/A-long-road-for-the-BJP-in-Uttar-Pradesh.html|title=A long road for the BJP in Uttar Pradesh|website=live mint|accessdate=27 July 2023}}</ref> A member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], he also participated in the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] movement. He belongs to [[Kushwaha]] community, which is spread across the state of Uttar Pradesh and is known by different names in different regions of state.<ref name="OMAR RASHID"/> Born in 1969, in [[Sirathu]] in [[Kausambhi district]], adjoining [[Prayagraj]], Maurya went on to study Hindi Literature at the ''Hindu Sahitya Sammelan'' in [[Prayagraj]].<ref name="Oneindia">{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/keshav-prasad-maurya-36473.html|title=Biography :Keshav Prasad Maurya|website=OneIndia.com|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-date=10 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710025623/https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/keshav-prasad-maurya-36473.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Besides being a politician, Maurya is also the owner of several institutions, which includes, a hospital, a petrol pump, an agro trading company and Kamdhenu Logistics. His assets are spread across [[Allahabad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-2017/story/post-election-results-up-cm-keshav-prasad-maurya-965314-2017-03-12|title=Keshav Prasad Maurya: Another chaiwallah rising as BJP discusses next UP chief minister|website=India Today|date=12 March 2017 |accessdate=28 August 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
Maurya has been associated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] and the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad|VHP]]-[[Bajrang Dal]] from an early age, holding the posts of Nagar Karyawah and VHP Pranth Sanghathan Mantri, among others. While being active in the ''gauraksha'' (cow-protection) movements. He also participated in the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. In the BJP, Maurya has been the regional (Kashi) coordinator of the backward class cell and the BJP Kisan Morcha.<ref name="OMAR RASHID"/><ref>Jaffrelot, C. (2023). Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy. United States: Princeton University Press. page: 226</ref> He has contested the 2002, 2007, and 2012 assembly elections, he lost the 2002 and 2007 elections but won in 2012, and was the sitting MLA from [[Sirathu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sirathu]] assembly constituency before getting elected as MP from the [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]] seat in 2014 with a thumping five lakh votes and over 52 percent votes.<ref name="Oneindia"/> In April 2016, he was made the state president of BJP in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-09|title=From tea seller to state party chief, Keshav Maurya is BJP's face in UP|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/from-tea-seller-to-state-party-chief-keshav-maurya-is-bjp-s-face-in-up/story-UzwYPUnQxMSFvLSkoB18yM.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2021-11-13|archive-date=13 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113110849/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/from-tea-seller-to-state-party-chief-keshav-maurya-is-bjp-s-face-in-up/story-UzwYPUnQxMSFvLSkoB18yM.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Under his leadership, the BJP registered a historic victory in the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. After the election results were out, he was considered a strong contender for the post of Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-11|title=Uttar Pradesh election results: Who will be the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister?|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uttar-pradesh-election-results-who-will-be-the-uttar-pradesh-chief-minister/articleshow/57591286.cms|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2021-11-11|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111151554/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uttar-pradesh-election-results-who-will-be-the-uttar-pradesh-chief-minister/articleshow/57591286.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-12|title=UP election results 2017: The Chief Minister hopefuls|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-election-results-2017-the-chief-minister-hopefuls-4566005/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2021-11-14|archive-date=13 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113202121/https://indianexpress.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-election-results-2017-the-chief-minister-hopefuls-4566005/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-18|title=How they won|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170327-up-assembly-election-2017-bjp-uttar-pradesh-uttarakhand-modi-amit-shah-986004-2017-03-18|work=India Today|access-date=2021-11-14|archive-date=13 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113191550/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170327-up-assembly-election-2017-bjp-uttar-pradesh-uttarakhand-modi-amit-shah-986004-2017-03-18|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 March 2017, he was appointed the deputy chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/keshav-prasad-maurya-the-deputy-cm-rewarded-for-bjp-win-in-up/articleshow/57710427.cms|title=Keshav Prasad Maurya, the deputy CM rewarded for BJP win in UP|website=The Times of India|date=18 March 2017 |access-date=2017-03-18|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218210950/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/keshav-prasad-maurya-the-deputy-cm-rewarded-for-bjp-win-in-up/articleshow/57710427.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

He became the first MLA of the BJP from Sirathu Tahseel in the year 2012. It was the first time any MLA of BJP was elected from Sirathu Tahseel. And after two and a half years he became the MP from Phoolpur from BJP. He got the ministries of the Public Works Department (PWD), food processing, entertainment tax, and public enterprises department.<ref>{{citation |title=CM Yogi Adityanath keeps home, revenue: UP portfolio allocation highlights |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/live-updates-on-uttar-pradesh-govt-portfolios-keshav-prasad-maurya-gets-pwd/story-JafGBgr7Oe7VXxcBsnAOdM.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 March 2017 |access-date=22 March 2017 |archive-date=26 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026122648/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/live-updates-on-uttar-pradesh-govt-portfolios-keshav-prasad-maurya-gets-pwd/story-JafGBgr7Oe7VXxcBsnAOdM.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath allocates portfolios, keeps home |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ml8rjBW8B7eioW9MkGh0QP/UP-cabinet-live-Yogi-Adityanath-unveils-portfolios-keeps-h.html |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=23 March 2017 |access-date=26 March 2017 |archive-date=26 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326023301/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ml8rjBW8B7eioW9MkGh0QP/UP-cabinet-live-Yogi-Adityanath-unveils-portfolios-keeps-h.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2022===
In the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] Keshav Prasad Maurya contested from [[Sirathu Assembly constituency|Sirathu]] seat in his home district [[Kaushambi district|Kaushambi]] and lost to [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Pallavi Patel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/uttar-pradesh/sirathu-assembly-constituency-result-up-election-2022-keshav-prasad-maurya-pallavi-patel-seema-devi-bjp-sp-bsp-win-loss-live-updates-5275667/|title = Sirathu Assembly Election Results 2022: केशव मौर्य की सिराथू विधानसभा सीट के चुनाव परिणाम का पल-पल का अपडेट | Result Live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Kaushambi Result: डिप्टी सीएम केशव मौर्य चुनाव हारे, सिराथू में पल्लवी पटेल ने मारी बाजी, जानें कौशांबी की बाकी सीटों का नतीजा |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttar-pradesh/story/kaushambi-district-result-update-pallavi-patel-won-from-sirathu-assembly-seat-keshav-prasad-maurya-lost-eci-lcrd-1425074-2022-03-10 |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

==Career in BJP==
[[File:Shri Keshav Prasad Maurya, MP, Phoolpur (U.P) and Shri Satyapal Singh Saini, MP, Sambhal (U.P) meeting the Minister of State for Culture (Independent Charge), Tourism (Independent Charge) and Civil Aviation.jpg|thumb|Keshav Prasad Maurya, MP, Phoolpur (U.P) and Shri [[Satyapal Singh Saini]], MP, Sambhal (U.P) meeting the Minister of State for Culture (Independent Charge), Tourism (Independent Charge) and Civil Aviation.]]
Maurya was appointed state president of BJP for Uttar Pradesh, to consolidate the outreach of the party among Most Backward Castes.{{sfn|Sarkar|2021|pp=171}}{{sfn|Narayan|2021|pp=84-85}} Traditionally, the parties active in the state, like the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and [[Samajwadi Party]] had the support of [[Yadav]]s and [[Jatav]]s, hence, with the appointment of Maurya as its state chief, BJP tried to woo non-Yadav OBCs in the state. Maurya worked to connect these social groups to the BJP, and with his efforts, the BJP was able to win 312 of the 403 assembly seats in Uttar Pradesh, in the 2017 legislative assembly elections. His tenure as BJP's state chief was also helpful in paving the way for the entry of another significant OBC leader, [[Swami Prasad Maurya]] in BJP, who also joined the party in 2016. After its win in the 2017 Assembly election, Maurya was increasingly projected as the OBC face of the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/rSEjkWtuww04fDbt3kwDQL/The-parallels-between-Keshav-Prasad-Maurya-and-Narendra-Modi.html|title=The parallels between Keshav Prasad Maurya and Narendra Modi|website=live mint|accessdate=24 July 2023}}</ref>

In his first tenure, Maurya remained critical of the politics of the Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party. In 2019, during a rally, [[Mayawati]] urged Muslims to vote for the BSP-SP alliance. This statement of hers was criticised by Maurya in a press briefing. Maurya alleged that Mayawati had been using [[Dalit]]s as a 'vote bank', and she had started appeasing Muslims. He also said that [[Akhilesh Yadav]] is not loyal and Mayawati shouldn't believe him, pointing towards latter's tussle with [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/mayawati-dalits-appease-muslims-keshav-prasad-maurya-1496415-2019-04-07|title=Mayawati started hating Dalits, she is trying to appease Muslims: UP deputy CM|website=India Today|date=7 April 2019 |accessdate=24 July 2023}}</ref> In 2022, Akhilesh Yadav offered Keshav Maurya to cause a defection of hundred MLAs of BJP and join hands with Samajwadi Party. He ensured that the Samajwadi Party would provide support to Maurya in such a condition, and help him become the Chief Minister, replacing Yogi Adityanath. However, Maurya replied to Yadav that the latter should worry about their MLAs, as they can also defect towards BJP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/keshav-prasad-maurya-akhilesh-yadav-cm-offer-jibe-2304430-2022-12-02|title=Akhilesh Yadav should save his MLAs': Keshav Prasad Maurya slams SP chief's 'CM offer'|website=India Today|date=2 December 2022 |accessdate=24 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/akhilesh-yadav-keshav-prasad-maurya-up-cm-bjp-state-chief-sp-mlas-8136767/|title=After Akhilesh's 'offer' to Maurya, BJP hits back: SP MLAs in touch|website=Indian express|date=7 September 2022 |accessdate=24 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/on-cm-post-offer-by-akhilesh-yogi-s-deputy-says-their-100-mlas-ready-to-join-101662601139554.html|title=On CM post offer by Akhilesh, Yogi's deputy says 'their 100 MLAs ready to join|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=24 July 2023}}</ref> Political analysts recorded increased verbal attack by opposition leaders, specially Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav on Maurya, after his appointment as Deputy CM for his second term, right after losing his seat in [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. In a press conference, Yadav called Maurya a weak person. It was observed that during this phase of Maurya's tenure, Yadav and other opposition leaders singled him out and reduced their criticism of Yogi Adityanath.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/akhilesh-keshav-maurya-yadav-obc-8149212/|title=In Akhilesh's biting attacks on Keshav Maurya, a strategy of 'non-Yadav OBC outreach'|website=Indian express|date=13 September 2022 |accessdate=24 July 2023}}</ref> Time and again, during his second term as deputy CM, Maurya also criticised Akhilesh Yadav publicly in press conferences for the alleged increase in criminal activities during Yadav's premiership of Uttar Pradesh. Maurya also alleged the Samajwadi Party's deception of OBCs in the name of [[social justice]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/deception-and-not-social-justice-the-character-of-sp-says-up-deputy-cm-amid-akhileshs-obc-outreach/article66942316.ece|title=Deception and not social justice the character of SP, says U.P. Deputy CM amid Akhilesh's OBC outreach|website=The Hindu|date=7 June 2023 |accessdate=24 July 2023}}</ref>

In the first quarter of 2023, Akhilesh Yadav, while speaking to the media, called Maurya a [[Shudra]]. After this remark, Maurya alleged that Yadav could get him killed, as the latter possessed hate for him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/akhilesh-yadav-may-get-me-killed-claims-up-deputy-cm-keshav-maurya/articleshow/98955084.cms|title=Akhilesh Yadav may get me killed, claims UP deputy CM Keshav Maurya|website=Times of India|date=24 March 2023 |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref> Maurya was later projected as nationwide OBC face of BJP; he was deployed in various states during assembly elections to increase the mass outreach of the party. The state where he campaigned, included [[Gujarat]] in 2022, where BJP registered victory by a high margin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/obcs-crucial-for-mission-2024-keshav-prasad-maurya-bjps-key-face/articleshow/97410790.cms|title=OBCs crucial for mission 2024, Keshav Prasad Maurya BJP's key face|website=Times of India|date=29 January 2023 |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>

While campaigning in [[Ahmedabad]], Maurya called Congress leaders "Chunavi [[Hindu]]s" (election Hindus), he also said that for the BJP, Gujarat is more important than Uttar Pradesh, despite Uttar Pradesh having eighty [[lok sabha]] seats, and Gujarat having only 26 seats. At an event organised by the Other Language Cell of the Gujarat wing of BJP, Maurya said:<ref name=CH/>
{{blockquote|“Those whose only aim is to insult Hindus in the country are chunavi Hindus. Look out for them…When elections are around, they go to the temple of Lord Somnath, Lord Ram, Hanuman. You should recall that when the Congress was in power in the country, it had told the Supreme Court that Lord Ram is just imaginary.” 
... “Today, what forces the Congress to pay respects to Ram Lalla? The people of the country have known the character of Congress. And therefore, the country is becoming Congress-free.”<ref name=CH>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/gujarat-more-important-than-up-for-bjp-up-deputy-cm-keshav-prasad-maurya-8266858/|title= Gujarat more important than UP for BJP: UP Deputy CM Keshav Prasad Maurya|website=Indian express|date= 14 November 2022|accessdate=26 July 2023}}</ref>}}

After its victory in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections, to strengthen its support base among the members of [[Koeri]] caste, Maurya was also made a participant in a convention celebrating the birth anniversary of Mauryan ruler [[Ashoka]] in Patna.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bjp-celebrates-ashokas-bday/articleshow/90736878.cms|title=BJP celebrates Ashoka's b'day|website=Times of India|date=9 April 2022 |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref> In 2019, while campaigning for BJP candidate Narendra Mehta in [[Mira Bhayandar Assembly constituency|Mira Bhayander constituency]] in Thane, Maurya said: "Voting for BJP is like dropping [[Atom Bomb]] on [[Pakistan]]. He also takes a dig at other parties by saying that Hinduism deity [[Goddess Lakshmi|Lakshmi]] does not sit on bicycle or palm (election symbols of [[Samajwadi Party]] and [[Indian National Congress]]), rather she sits on Lotus (election symbol of BJP). He also compared the BJP's symbol with insignia of development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-pressing-lotus-button-will-mean-dropping-nuclear-bomb-on-pakistan-bjps-keshav-prasad-maurya/340462|title=Voting For BJP Will Mean 'Dropping Nuclear Bomb On Pakistan': Keshav Prasad Maurya|website=Outlook|date=14 October 2019 |accessdate=28 July 2023}}</ref>

Maurya also played a significant role in bringing many leaders of the Kushwaha community, or those leaders, who were supported by the community in the state of Uttar Pradesh, into the fold of BJP, soon after his elevation as the chief of BJP for Uttar Pradesh. One such example is of Member of Legislative Assembly from Agra Rural constituency, [[Hemlata Divakar|Hemalata Diwakar Kushwaha]], who, though herself being a member of Schedule Caste [[Dhobi]] community, was supported by members of Kushwaha community in Agra constituency due to her marriage with Tikam Singh Kushwaha. It was reported that the Kushwahas were supporters of the Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh earlier, but BJP followed a strategy of elevatingleaders from this caste to higher positions, after raising Maurya as its state unit chief, to win over the community.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/maurya-effect-sps-hemlata-joins-bjp-in-agra/articleshow/51886138.cms|title=Maurya effect: SP's Hemlata joins BJP in Agra|website=Times of India|date=19 April 2016 |access-date=24 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/setback-for-sp-as-its-agra-woman-candidate-joins-bjp-2759669/|title=Setback for Samajwadi Party as its Agra woman candidate joins BJP|website=Indian express|date=19 April 2016 |accessdate=24 August 2023}}</ref>

By 2023, Maurya was also made a part of campaigns of the Bharatiya Janata Party in other states, where he was made a participant in several caste rallies. In June 2023, Maurya addressed a Grand Assembly (''Mahasangam'') of [[Mali caste]] in [[Jaipur]]. This assembly was attended by several notable community members from the caste cluster of [[Maurya (surname)|Maurya]], [[Kushwaha]], Mali, and [[Saini (surname)|Saini]], which included [[Shobha Rani Kushwaha]] and former cabinet minister of Rajasthan, [[Prabhu Lal Saini]]. However, during his address, Maurya had to face sloganeering in favour of Rajasthan Chief Minister, [[Ashok Gehlot]], which disrupted his speech.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajasthan-jaipur-mali-mahasangam-slogans-raised-cm-ashok-gehlot-support-up-deputy-chief-minister-keshav-prasad-maurya-speech-2388706-2023-06-04#google_vignette|title=Slogans in support of Ashok Gehlot during UP Dy CM Keshav Maurya's speech in Jaipur|website=India Today|date=4 June 2023 |accessdate=24 August 2023}}</ref> These campaigns of Maurya were a part of BJP's strategy to build an alliance of similar caste groups in Rajasthan, as it did in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bjps-mali-outreach-before-rajasthan-polls-boomerangs-as-absent-gehlot-has-last-laugh-8646890/|title=BJP's Mali outreach before Rajasthan polls boomerangs as absent Gehlot has last laugh|website=Indian express|date=5 June 2023 |accessdate=24 August 2023}}</ref>

In July 2024, Maurya expressed his discontent against the style of functioning of Yogi Adityanath government. During 2024 general elections in Uttar Pradesh, the rift between BJP government of the state under Adityanath and BJP party workers came to the surface with BJP losing 29 seats in the Lok Sabha elections from the state. In a meeting of party workers, Maurya commented that organisation of BJP has always remained bigger than the government and it will be so in future. This was interpreted by a section of Indian media as an attack on leadership of Yogi Adityanath. Previously, Maurya had also skipped several cabinet meetings chaired by Adityanath.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/cracks-in-up-bjp-heres-what-state-unit-chief-bhupendra-chaudhary-said-on-keshav-mauryas-rift-with-yogi-adityanath-11721189470607.html|title=Cracks in UP BJP? What's unfolding in Uttar Pradesh amid CM Yogi Adityanath's 'rift' with his deputy Keshav Maurya |website=live mint |accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref>

In the meantime, Maurya flew to Delhi and met BJP's national president [[J.P Nadda]] twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/politics/fight-for-the-chair-keshav-prasad-maurya-at-the-centre-of-up-bjps-tensions-due-to-his-political-aspirations-8971213.html|title=Fight for chair in Uttar Pradesh BJP|website=News18|date=19 July 2024 |accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref> However, amidst rumours of rift between Yogi Adityanath and Maurya, latter praised Yogi Adityanath in a public address in [[Mirzapur district]]. Maurya demanded that some of the party activities that were supposed to be conducted through the political workers of BJP have been taken over by Yogi Adityanath government and the workers are not getting the recognition due to them. This event was considered as a thaw in relationship between Maurya and Yogi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/up-bjp-keshav-maurya-praises-yogi-adityanath-best-cm-modi-double-engine-2584302-2024-08-18|title= Keshav Maurya praises Yogi Adityanath amid rift speculations: The best among all|website=India Today|date= 18 August 2024|accessdate=5 September 2024}}</ref>

==Ideology==
[[File:Nitin Gadkari in a meeting with the Chief Minister, Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath and the Deputy Chief Minister, Uttar Pradesh, Shri Keshav Prasad Maurya, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Maurya with [[Nitin Gadkari]] and [[Yogi Adityanath]].]]
Maurya was involved in [[cow vigilantism|cow protectionism]] in his early days while working as a member of various right-wing Hindu organisations. In an interview given to ''[[The Hindu]]'', he supported the decision of Uttar Pradesh government of imposing [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]] on those killing cows. He believed that, in the rule of BJP, the already existing cow protection legislation in the state were being implemented stringently. According to Maurya, the strict implementation of the provisions of NSA on those guilty of cow-slaughter will prevent others from doing so.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/we-want-to-instil-fear-in-those-who-kill-the-cow/article61450803.ece|title=By invoking NSA, we want to instil fear in those who kill the cow: U.P. Deputy CM|website=The Hindu|date=18 June 2017 |accessdate=24 July 2023 |last1=Rashid |first1=Omar }}</ref>

==Governance==
In February 2023, Maurya launched a website named after him. The website was launched in order to make it easy for the people from the countryside in the state of Uttar Pradesh to connect with the Deputy Chief Minister Maurya. It was also designed in a way to make common people eligible to send suggestions and lodge complaints. He also launched a mobile application to track the step taken by government on the complaint made by people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-victims-will-be-able-convey-their-grief-keshav-maurya-sitting-home-deputy-cm-launches-website-and-mobile-app-7729829.html|title=Keshav Maurya launches a website for the people|website=livehindustan|accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref>

In July 2024, Maurya was quick to write to the Appointment and Personnel department of Government of Uttar Pradesh, which then functioned under Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, on the issue of proper implementation of the reservation for Schedule Castes, Tribes and Other Backward Castes. The issue arose after dismal performance of BJP in 2024 Lok Sabha polls in Uttar Pradesh under Yogi Adityanath. Party's state chief [[Chaudhary Bhupendra Singh|Bhupendera Singh Chaudhary]] submitted a report to central leadership of BJP that sought shifting of votes of SC, ST and OBC community to [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA alliance]] as the reason behind poor performance of BJP. Maurya, hence, demanded the data from the Appointment and Personnel department on contractual and outsourced staffs who were being recruited to various government departments in a bid to examine that whether the OBC, SC and ST community is represented in those appointments or not.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/now-dy-cm-maurya-seeks-details-of-reservation-in-up-government-jobs-101721677879071.html|title= Now, dy CM Maurya seeks details of reservation in UP government jobs|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=5 September 2024}}</ref> Maurya's response came soon after allegations made by BJP's ally [[Anupriya Patel]], who alleged that under Yogi Adityanath government, the SC, ST and OBC candidates are being declared not suitable in the interview based appointment process to government departments, which hinders the implementation of reservation policy made for their proper representation at various echelons of government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/yogi-maurya-rift-out-in-open-veiled-barbs-quota-missives-back-to-back-meetings/2189077/|title= Yogi, Maurya rift out in open — veiled barbs, quota missives & back-to-back meetings|website=The Print|date= 24 July 2024|accessdate=5 September 2024}}</ref>

Maurya also backed the protest of 69,000 teachers who were about to be recruited by a test conducted in 2019 for the position of Assistant Teachers in various government schools of Uttar Pradesh. The protesters alleged that despite securing more marks than the candidates of general category they were being selected against the vacancy meant for reserved category candidates. Moreover, the quota rules for the reserved category candidates are being sidelined and more than fifty percent of [[Forward Castes|general caste]] candidates are being selected reducing the representation of [[Other Backward Castes]] and [[Dalits]]. In 2022, Yogi Adityanath government agreed to the allegations and admitted that discrepancies in implementation of quota rules have happened. This was followed by judgements of [[Allahabad High Court]] on issuing fresh list of candidates after reconsideration of the quota rules.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/government/up-teacher-recruitment-maurya-backs-69000-protestors-yogi-had-dismissed-as-pawns-of-sp|title=UP Teacher Recruitment: Maurya Backs '69,000' Protestors Yogi Had Dismissed as 'Pawns' of SP |website=The Wire|accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==

=== [[Lok Sabha]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Constituency
!Party
!Result
!Vote
!Opposite candidate
!Party
!Vote
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency|Phulpur]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{Won}}
|52.44%
|[[Dharmraj Patel]]
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|20.33%
|}

=== [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Constituency
!Party
!Result
!Vote
!Opposite candidate
!Party
!Vote
|-
|2004 (bye)
|[[Allahabad West Assembly constituency|Allahabad West]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{Lost}}
|4.09%
|[[Raju Pal]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|47.16%
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Allahabad West Assembly constituency|Allahabad West]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{Lost}}
|9.31%
|[[Pooja Pal]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|47.08%
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Sirathu Assembly constituency|Sirathu]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{Won}}
|30.26%
|Anand Mohan
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|25.11%
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Sirathu Assembly constituency|Sirathu]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{Lost}}
|43.28%
|[[Pallavi Patel]]
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|46.49%
|}

==See also==
*[[Samrat Choudhary]]
*[[Upendra Kushwaha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=K8IZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA171|page=171|last=Sarkar|first=J.|year=2021|title=Politics as Social Text in India: The Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh|place=India|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-000-37034-8 }}
*{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kLscEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT84|pages=84–85|last=Narayan|first=B.|year=2021|title=Republic of Hindutva: How the Sangh Is Reshaping Indian Democracy|place=India|publisher =Penguin Random House India Private Limited.|isbn=978-81-950843-7-1 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kapil Muni Karwariya]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]] |years=2014–2017}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nagendra Pratap Singh Patel]]}}
|-
{{s-end}}

{{Yogi ministry}}
{{16th LS members from Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{Current Indian deputy chief ministers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maurya, Keshav Prasad}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members]]
[[Category:Vishva Hindu Parishad members]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow district]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Yogi ministry]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Politicians from Prayagraj]]

Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976

2026-03-25T23:48:54Z

Vaibhu:

{{Short description|Indian law regulating land ownership and development}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| imagesize = 150
| long_title = An Act to provide for the imposition of a ceiling on vacant land in urban agglomerations, for the acquisition of such land in excess of the ceiling limit, to regulate the construction of buildings on such land and for matters connected therewith, with a view to preventing the concentration of urban land in the hands of a few persons and speculation and profiteering therein and with a view to bringing about an equitable distribution of land in urban agglomerations to subserve the common good.
| autocollapse_long_title = true
| citation = Act No. 33 of 1976
| enacted_by =
| repealed_by = Urban Land (Ceiling & Regulation) Repeal Act, 1999
| status = repealed
}}

The '''Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976''' was a law in [[India]], that was passed in 1976.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

The stated purpose of the law is "bringing about an equitable distribution of land in urban agglomerations to subserve the common good."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081002023914/http://www.taxmann.net/SM2006/urban_land.htm Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976]</ref>

==Consequences==
In a real world scenario, monopoly of land can take place when people, entities and corporate companies, with access to huge capital can occupy vast tracts of land, hoard it, make it scarce and use this scarcity to control demand - supply of land

However this problem is compounded due to the fact that governments from 1992 till today refused to develop lands quickly based on growth and demand, much like Germany where timely development of land and releasing it to public allowed land to be affordable. {{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

The Act was repealed by '''Urban Land (Ceiling & Regulation) Repeal Act, 1999'''. The repeal Act had in-built commencement date on 11 January 1999, ''vide'' section 1(3), for Haryana, Punjab and the union territories. For other states, it was left to the state legislatures to decide the date of commencement. Accordingly, it has been implemented on 28 November 2007 in Maharashtra<ref>[https://www.mondaq.com/india/land-law-agriculture/877492/the-state-of-maharashtra-imposes-one-time-premium-for-regularizing-exemption-orders-granted-under-section-20-of-the-urban-land-ceiling-and-regulation-act-1976-now-repealed The State Of Maharashtra Imposes One Time Premium For Regularizing Exemption Orders Granted Under Section 20 Of The Urban Land (Ceiling And Regulation) Act, 1976 (Now Repealed)], article in ''Mondaq''</ref> and 30 March 1999 in [[Gujarat]].<ref>[http://www.bareactslive.com/Guj/guj228.htm Gujarat Validation of Occupancy and Allotment of Certain Lands of Excess Vacant Land Vested in the State Government (Under the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976) Act, 2017], ''Bare Acts Live''</ref> The repeal Act has been adopted in all states except Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar and West Bengal.<ref>[https://www.nishithdesai.com/information/research-and-articles/nda-hotline/nda-hotline-single-view/article/ceiled-and-repealed-urban-land-ceiling-and-regulation-act.html Ceiled and Repealed: Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act], ''Nishith Desai Associates''</ref>

This act was repealed in November 2007 in the state of [[Maharashtra]]. The repeal was a pre-condition to the state government with a grant under the [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission]] (JNNURM), to be used for major [[infrastructure]] development projects (like the [[Mumbai Trans Harbour Link]], the [[Mumbai Metro Project]], the Bandra-Worli, the Worli-Nariman Point sealink and the [[Mumbai Urban Transport Project]]-II).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060513094951/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/01/21/stories/2006012103480100.htm The Hindu Business Line : Maharashtra may repeal Urban Land Ceiling Act]</ref>

However, there is still considerable confusion in the process required for the clearance of land for buildings; the repeal has not had much impact on the ground.

The Maharashtra Government has purchased large tracts of land under provisions of this act, to be used to provide [[subsidized housing|low-cost housing]] to the common people. However, this land continues to lie vacant.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Urban planning in India]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1976]]
[[Category:Property law in India]]

Arunima Sharma (filmmaker)

2026-03-24T00:27:05Z

Vaibhu: adding.

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arunima Sharma
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| image = Arunima Sharma.jpg
| caption = Sharma in 2010
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation = [[film director]]
| years active = 2010-present
| alma_mater = [[Film and Television Institute of India|FTII]]
| website =
}}

'''Arunima Sharma''' is an Indian film director who has directed popular web series and commercials and written screenplays.

Arunima received a [[:en:National Film Award for Best Direction (non-feature film)|National Film Award for Best Direction in the Non-Feature Film category]] for ''Shyam Raat Seher'' — tr: ''Blue Dusk Dawn'' — (2010).<ref name="FTII students">{{cite web|title= Honour for FTII students|author=Rohan Swamy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/honour-for-ftii-students/|publisher=Indian Express|date=20 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= National Awards 2010 Winners|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2010/108|publisher=Times Entertainment |date=20 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Birth of a quality short film|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/256203/birth-quality-short-film.html|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=11 June 2012}}</ref> The film was also selected for the Indian Panorama section of the [[International Film Festival of India]] in 2010 and was screened at other notable festivals.<ref>{{cite web|title= 3 FTII students' films selected for International Film Festival of India|url=https://www.ndtv.com/cities/pune-3-ftii-students-films-selected-for-international-film-festival-of-india-436781|publisher=NDTV| date=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="Frameworthy">{{cite web |title= Shyam Raat Seher - Frameworthy|url=https://madaboutmoviez.wordpress.com/2011/09/10/shyam-raat-seher-frame-worthy/|publisher=Madaboutmoviez|date=10 September 2011}}</ref>

''Shyam Raat Seher'' was Arunima's student diploma film, made as part of her second-year curriculum at the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] (FTII), Pune, from where she graduated in film direction in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title= Alumni List 2001 to 2010 |url=https://ftii.ac.in/p/alumni-list-2001-to-2010 |publisher=FTII|date=25 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Cinema under the wisdom tree|author=Sanjukta Sharma|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/sXozZHBREkqe1rDPmiIE2M/Cinema-under-the-wisdom-tree.html|publisher=Mint|date=28 January 2011}}</ref> The film follows the life of a middle-aged television actor trying to revive his declining career.<ref>{{cite web |title= Five Student Films to Mark the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of FTII at IFFI|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=67607|publisher=PIB|date=25 November 2010}}</ref>

''Shyam Raat Seher'' also won the [[:en:National Film Award for Best Cinematography (non-feature film)|National Film Award for Best Cinematography]], awarded to [[Murali G.|Murali G]]. Additionally, he received awards for the film's cinematography at the [[Pune International Film Festival]] and [[Fujifilm]]'s national-level competitions.<ref>{{cite web |title= Imaginative, yet minimal |author=R. Arivanantham| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/his-talent-is-imaginative-yet-minimal/article2066399.ece |work=The Hindu|date=1 June 2011}}</ref>

Arunima was also the screenwriter of ''Foto'' (2007), which won the [[:en: National Film Award for Best Children's Film|National Film Award for Best Children's Film]], and she served as its associate director as well. She has directed more than 100 commercials for various brands.<ref>{{cite web |title= Stories are the tellers of us|url=https://www.arunimasharma.co.in/ |date=25 October 2025}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Section rewrite|date=October 2025|the filmography should be in table form, and not text}}
As director, non-feature or short films
*''Shyam Raat Seher'' — tr: ''Blue Dusk Dawn'' — (2010)<ref name="Frameworthy"/>
*''Yellow Tin Can Telephone'' (2016) — screened at multiple film festivals<ref>{{cite web |title= 2017 Dallas/Fort Worth South Asian Film Festival starts on March 3 |url=https://americanbazaaronline.com/2017/02/08/2017-dallasfort-worth-south-asian-film-festival-starts-march-35433/ |publisher=The American Bazaar |date=8 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Shor Se Shuruaat: Homi Adajania mentors Arunima Sharma for her debut short film Yellow Tin Can Telephone |author=Prateek Sur|url=https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/shor-se-shuruaat-homi-adajania-mentors-arunima-sharma-for-her-debut-short-film-yellow-tin-can-telephone/583d95ba070e7c630e6141cc |publisher=Spotboye |date=29 November 2016}}</ref>

As director or lead director, web series
*''Four More Shots Please!'' (2019) — directed 5 of its 7 episodes<ref>{{cite web |title= Pritish Nandy Communications announces the completion on schedule of principal photography of Season 4 of Four More Shots Please! an Amazon Prime Original |url=https://www.pritishnandycom.com/news/pritish-nandy-communications-announces-the-completion-on-schedule-of-principal-photography-of-season-4-of-four-more-shots-please-an-amazon-prime-original|date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Four More Shots Please season 4: Prime Video announces finale with Kirti Kulhari, Sayani Gupta, Maanvi Gagroo and Bani J |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/fourth-and-final-season-of-four-more-shots-please-announced-sayani-gupta-kirti-kulhari-bani-j-maanvi-gagroo-return-101751377996914.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=1 July 2025}}</ref>
*[[:en:Jee Karda|''Jee Karda'']] (2023)<ref>{{cite web |title= Jee Karda review: A tale of friendship with good dose of fun and drama |author=Prateek Sur|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/jee-karda-review-a-tale-of-friendship-with-good-dose-of-fun-and-drama/|publisher=South First |date=10 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Samvedna Suwalka on 'Jee Karda' director Arunima Sharma: She was full-term pregnant while directing the film, and I experienced women's power in all its glory - Exclusive!|author=Vaishali Rathod |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/samvedna-suwalka-on-jee-karda-director-arunima-sharma-she-was-full-term-pregnant-while-directing-the-film-and-i-experienced-womens-power-in-all-its-glory-exclusive/articleshow/101129079.cms|publisher=Times Entertainment|date=20 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Samvedna Suwalka on 'Jee Karda' director Arunima Sharma: She was full-term pregnant while directing the film, and I experienced women's power in all its glory - Exclusive!|url=https://theprint.in/feature/arunima-sharma-opens-up-about-challenges-of-shooting-for-jee-karda-during-her-third-trimester/1648065/|publisher=The Print |date=29 June 2023}}</ref>

As director, commercials
*''Airbnb''<ref name="ArunimaVim">{{cite web |title= Arunima Sharma |url=https://vimeo.com/arunima|date=25 October 2025}}</ref>
*''CaratLane by Tanishq''<ref>{{cite web |title= Caratlane's 'Postcards' film wins best film at IAA awards|url=https://www.impactonnet.com/more-from-impact/caratlanes-postcards-film-wins-best-film-at-iaa-awards-9334.html|publisher=Impact |date=12 November 2024}}</ref>
*''Colgate''<ref name="ArunimaVim"/>
*''Estée Lauder''
*''HDFC Ergo''<ref>{{cite web |title= HDFC Ergo moots health cover for those who make our lives easier in Raksha Bandhan spot|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/hdfc-ergo-moots-health-cover-for-those-who-make-our-lives-easier-in-raksha-bandhan-spot/|publisher=MediaNews4u |date=29 August 2023}}</ref>
*''Legrand Allzy''<ref>{{cite web |title= Legrand unveils campaign for its newly launched offering Allzy|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-legrand-unveils-campaign-for-its-newly-launched-offering-allzy-3233316/|publisher=Financial Express |date=
5 September 2023}}</ref>
*''L'Oréal Paris''<ref name="ArunimaVim"/><ref>{{cite web |title= L'Oreal Paris and Alia Bhatt Spotlight Aspirations of Indian Women in Empowering Campaign|url=https://lbbonline.com/news/loreal-paris-and-alia-bhatt-spotlight-aspirations-of-indian-women-in-empowering-campaign|publisher=Lbbonline |date=24 September 2024}}</ref>
*''Manyavar Taiyaar Hoke Aaiye''
*''Myntra''<ref>{{cite web |title= Myntra Beauty and Anushka Sharma inspire self-discovery with "Discover the 'U' in Beauty" campaign|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/myntra-beauty-and-anushka-sharma-inspire-self-discovery-with-discover-the-u-in-beauty-campaign/|publisher=Medianews4u |date=20 January 2025}}</ref>
*''Oziva''<ref name="ArunimaVim"/>
*''Ponds''<ref name="ArunimaVim"/>
*''Quench''<ref name="ArunimaVim"/>
*''Shell''<ref>{{cite web |title= Shell shines a light on women's quest for mobility|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/media-and-advertising/ad-campaigns/shell-shines-a-light-on-womens-quest-for-mobility-210308|publisher=Indian Television|date=8 March 2021}}</ref>
*''Shyam Steel''<ref name="ArunimaVim"/>

As associate director, feature films
*[[Cocktail (2012 film)|''Cocktail'']] (2012)
*''[[Finding Fanny]]'' (2014)

As screenwriter, feature films or web series
*[[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|''Foto'']] (2007)
*[[:en:Jee Karda|''Jee Karda'']] (2023)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm7131635}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Arunima}}
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Best Director National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian advertising people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Akal Takht Express

2026-03-23T17:32:47Z

Vaibhu:

{{Italic title}}{{short description|Train in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width =
| name = Akal Takht Express
| logo =
| image = Akal tgt exp.jpg
| image_width = 330
| caption = Akal Takht Express entering [[Ambala Cantonment Junction railway station|Ambala Cantt.]]
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2000|04|14}}
| last =
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Kolkata}} (KOAA)
| stops = 21
| end = {{stnlnk|Amritsar}} (ASR)
| distance = {{convert|1899|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 33 hours 15 minutes (Average Time)
| frequency = Bi-Weekly
| trainnumber = 12317 / 12318
| class = AC first, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On board catering, E-catering
| observation = Rake sharing with 12315/12316 [[Ananya Express]]
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| speed = {{convert|57|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = [[File:Akal Takht Express Route map.jpg|300px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12317 / 12318 '''Akal Takht Express''' is an [[Indian Railways]] [[Express trains in India|Express]] train connecting eastern Indian city of [[Kolkata]] with northern Indian city of [[Amritsar]]. It is named after the [[Akal Takht]], a central Sikh shrine in [[Amritsar]].

==Background==
Originally started from [[Asansol]] as 2319/2320 Superfast in 1998, in 2000 it was extended to start from [[Sealdah]] as 2317/2318 & in 2009, 2317/2318 & 2319/2320 became same train. In 2015, its terminus got changed to Kolkata Terminus. It is a [[Superfast trains in India|Superfast-class]] train travelling {{convert|1899|km}} in 33 hrs 40 mins at an average speed of {{convert|56|km/h}} as 12317 '''Akal Takht Express & in 32 hrs 50 mins at an average speed of {{convert|58|km/h}} as 12317 '''Akal Takht Express. It has sleeper, third AC, second AC, first AC, and unreserved types of coaches along with 2 [[Head-end power|EOG]] for power. for power. This train has modern [[LHB coach]], however, [[pantry car]] facility is was not available with this train until 2020. Now [[pantry car]], on-board catering and e-catering are available.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/akal-takht-express-12317-sdah-to-umb/27/325/341 |title=Akal Takht Express/12317 SuperFast Kolkata Sealdah/SDAH to Ambala Cantt./UMB| website=India Rail Info |date=9 November 2012| access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/akal-takht-express-12318-asr-to-sdah/28/344/325 |title=Akal Takht Express/12318 SuperFast Amritsar/ASR to Kolkata Sealdah/SDAH| website=India Rail Info| date=8 October 2012| access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref>

== 12317 Route & halts==

{| class="wikitable
|-
! style="background:gold;"| Station Code
!! style="background:gold;"| Station Name
!! style="background:gold;"| Arrival
!! style="background:gold;"| Departure
|-
| '''KOAA''' || '''Kolkata Terminus''' || --- || '''07:40'''
|-
| ASN || Asansol Junction || 10:35 || 10:45
|-
| MDP || Madhupur Junction || 12:00 || 12:02
|-
| JSME || Jasidh Junction || 12:29 || 12:31
|-
| JAJ || Jhajha || 13:11 || 13:13
|-
| KIUL || Kiul Junction || 13:57 || 13:59
|-
| MKA || Mokama || 14:28 || 14:30
|-
| PNC || Patna Saheb || 15:17 || 15:22
|-
| PNBE || Patna Junction || 15:55 || 16:05
|-
| DDU || Pt DD Upadhyaya Junction || 19:35 || 19:45
|-
| BSB || Varanasi Junction || 20:30 || 20:40
|-
| SLN || Sultanpur Junction || 22:46 || 22:48
|-
| LKO || Lucknow Charbagh NR || 02:43 || 02:53
|-
| BE || Bareilly Junction || 06:13 || 06:15
|-
| MB || Moradabad Junction || 07:50 || 07:58
|-
| NBD || Najibabad Junction || 09:23 || 09:25
|-
| SRE || Saharanpur Junction || 11:30 || 11:40
|-
| UMB || Ambala Cantt Junction || 12:45 || 12:50
|-
| SIR || Sirhind Junction || 13:31 || 13:33
|-
| LDH || Ludhiana Junction || 14:28 || 14:38
|-
| JUC || Jalandhar City Junction || 15:35 || 15:40
|-
| BEAS || Beas Junction || 16:12 || 16:14
|-
| '''ASR''' || '''Amritsar Junction''' || '''17:20''' || ---
|-
|}

==12318 Route & Halts==

{| class="wikitable
|-
! style="background:gold;"| Station Code
!! style="background:gold;"| Station Name
!! style="background:gold;"| Arrival
!! style="background:gold;"| Departure
|-
| '''ASR''' || '''Amritsar Junction''' || --- || '''05:55'''
|-
| BEAS || Beas Junction || 06:32 || 06:34
|-
| JUC || Jalandhar City Junction || 07:10 || 07:15
|-
| LDH || Ludhiana Junction || 08:12 || 08:22
|-
| SIR || Sirhind Junction || 09:22 || 09:24
|-
| UMB || Ambala Cantt Junction || 10:05 || 10.10
|-
| SRE || Saharanpur Junction || 11:30 || 11:40
|-
| NBD || Najibabad Junction || 13:08 || 13:10
|-
| MB || Moradabad Junction || 14:55 || 15:05
|-
| BE || Bareilly Junction || 16:35 || 16:40
|-
| LKO || Lucknow Charbagh NR || 20:35 || 20:50
|-
| SLN || Sultanpur Junction || 23:05 || 23:10
|-
| BSB || Varanasi Junction || 01:40 || 01:50
|-
| DDU || Pt DD Upadhyaya Junction || 02:20 || 02:40
|-
| PNBE || Patna Junction || 05:55 || 06:05
|-
| PNC || Patna Saheb || 06:17 || 06:22
|-
| MKA || Mokama || 07:24 || 07:26
|-
| KIUL || Kiul Junction || 08:05 || 08:07
|-
| JAJ || Jhajha || 08:58 || 09:00
|-
| JSME || Jasidh Junction || 09:40 || 09:42
|-
| MDP || Madhupur Junction || 10:10 || 10:12
|-
| ASN || Asansol Junction || 11:33 || 11:43
|-
| '''KOAA''' || '''Kolkata Terminus''' || --- || '''14:45'''
|-
|}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard LHB rakes with max speed of 130 km/h. The train consists of 22 coaches:

* 1 AC I cum AC II Tier
* 1 AC II Tier
* 6 AC III Tier
* 10 Sleeper coaches
* 2 General
* 2 EOG

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 11
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 12
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 13
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 14
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 15
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 16
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 17
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 18
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 19
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 20
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 21
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:RED;"| 22

|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||GEN||GEN||S1||S2||S3||S4||S5||S6||S7||S8||S9||S10||PC||B1||B2||B3||B4||B5||A1||HA1||EOG
|}

== Traction ==

As the route is fully electrified, train is hauled by an [[Electric Loco Shed, Howrah|Howrah]] / [[Sealdah railway station|Sealdah]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from Kolkata to Amritsar, and vice versa.

==Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 12315/12316 [[Ananya Express]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akal Takht Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Transport in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2010]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Langar Ki Masjid

2026-03-20T10:32:31Z

Vaibhu: Adding post

{{Short description|Former mosque in Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Langar Ki Masjid
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Langar_Ki_Masjid,_Gulbarga.png
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption = The mosque, in partial ruins, in {{circa|1939}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] {{small|(former)}}
| tradition =
| sect =
| district =
| prefecture =
| province =
| region =
| deity =
| rite =
| festival = 
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]] {{small|(former)}}
| ownership =
| governing_body =
| leadership =
| bhattaraka =
| patron =
| consecration_year =
| functional_status = '''Inactive''' {{small|(partial ruinous state)}}
| religious_features_label =
| religious_features =
| location = [[Kalaburagi]], [[Karnataka]]
| locale =
| municipality =
| cercle =
| state =
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Karnataka
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the former mosque in [[Karnataka]]
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| sector =
| territory =
| administration =
| coordinates = {{Coord|region:IN-KA_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| heritage_designation =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Bahmani architecture|Bahmani]]
| founded_by =
| creator =
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| established =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 14th century
| construction_cost =
| date_demolished = 
| facade_direction =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| interior_area =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = Several
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = Four
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| shrine_quantity =
| inscriptions = One {{small|(maybe more)}}
| materials =
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_footnotes =
| nrhp =
| designated =
| added =
| refnum =
| delisted1_date =
| website =
| module = 
}}
The '''Langar Ki Masjid''', also known as '''Langar Masjid''' or '''Langar Mosque''', is a former [[mosque]], now in partial ruins, situated in [[Kalaburagi]], in the state of [[Karnataka]], India. The former mosque is a [[List of State Protected Monuments in Karnataka|state protected monument]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |author-link=Ghulam Yazdani |url=https://ia802207.us.archive.org/20/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.70467/2015.70467.Annul-Report-Of-The-Archaeological-Department-Of-His-Highness-The-Nizams-Dominions-1914-15.pdf |title=Annual Report of the Archaeological Department of His Exalted Highness the Nizam's Dominions, 1323-24 F. (1914-15 A.C.) |publisher=Baptist Mission Press |year=1916 |location=Calcutta |pages=8 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |author-link=Ghulam Yazdani |url=https://ia804709.us.archive.org/8/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.95880/2015.95880.Annual-Report-Of-The-Archaeological-Departement_text.pdf |title=Annual Report of the Archaeological Department of His Exalted Highness the Nizam's Dominions, 1346 F. (1936-37 A.C.) |publisher=Baptist Mission Press |year=1939 |location=Calcutta |pages=7 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==History==
The former mosque is dated from the 14th century, during the [[Bahmani Sultanate]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Syed Mahmudul Hasan |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.16371/page/n99/mode/2up |title=Mosque Architecture of Pre-Mughal Bengal |publisher=University Press Limited, Bangladesh |year=1979 |pages=76–77 }}</ref>

== Architecture ==
[[File:Langar_Ki_Masjid,_Gulbarga_(Interior).png|thumb|Interior]]
The plan of the building is quadrangular, and small [[minaret]]s are provided on all four corners. The [[façade]] has three identical arched entrances leading into the interior. These arches are {{convert|18|ft|m|order=flip}} high, and {{convert|10|ft|m|order=flip}} wide, and their [[spandrel]]s contain medallions ornamented with [[plaster]] work. Above the arches, a [[Chhajja|''chajja'']] rests on stone [[Bracket (architecture)|brackets]]. A [[parapet]] with a [[cruciform]]-like design runs across the length of the roof, on all four sides. The roof is arch-shaped, and is covered with screens of arches, placed in the middle of the parapet. There are two extensions to the mosque, added at a later date, attached to the northern and southern walls respectively.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.153598/page/n253/mode/2up |title=History of Medieval Deccan |date=1974 |editor-last=Sherwani |editor-first=Haroon Khan |editor-link=Haroon Khan Sherwani |pages=240, 244 |chapter= |editor-last2=Joshi |editor-first2=P. M. }}</ref>

The prayer hall, measuring {{convert|49|by|32|ft|m|order=flip}}, is divided into three [[Bay (architecture)|bays]] by two arches. These arches are {{convert|27|ft|m|order=flip}} high and {{convert|30|ft|m|order=flip}} wide. The ceiling is the mosque's chief architectural feature, which is vaulted in the shape of an arch, with representations of ribs and struts, resembling those of a Buddhist ''[[chaitya]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Tomb ===
Towards the northwest of the mosque is a Bahmani-style tomb. The tomb has a square base surmounted by a semi-circular dome. Each of the sides of the base measure {{convert|52|ft|m|order=flip}}. The base is approximately {{convert|26|ft|m|order=flip}} high, with the dome rising another {{convert|26|ft|m|order=flip}}, and thus the entire tomb is {{convert|52|ft|m|order=flip}} high. Two arched entrances are provided in the northern and southern walls of the tomb. Its western wall contains some inscriptions from the [[Quran]]. The tomb also bears an inscription dating it to 1434.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{YouTube|OATcswh2OdU|LANGAR KI MOSQUE, GULBARGA}} {{small|(Video depicting the mosque and the tomb that stand in front of it).}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:14th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Bahmani architecture]]
[[Category:Former mosques in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques in Karnataka]]
[[Category:State Protected Monuments in Karnataka]]

Emblem

2026-03-17T00:41:49Z

Vaibhu: update intro and added references for consistency

{{short description|Pictorial image that epitomizes a concept or that represents a person}}
{{About||the album by Matt Pond PA|Emblems (album)|the community in the United States|Emblem, Wyoming}}
{{Too short|date=September 2024}}
[[File:The Wilton Diptych (Right).jpg|thumb|The [[Wilton Diptych]] ({{Circa|1395}}–1399) features [[angel]]s wearing the [[White Hart]] badge, the personal emblem of King [[Richard II of England]]]]
[[File:Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg|thumb|The [[Emblem of Uzbekistan|national emblem of Uzbekistan]]]]
[[File:Superman S symbol.svg|thumb|The family emblem of the fictional [[Superman dynasty|House of El]]]]

An '''emblem''' is an [[abstract art|abstract]] or [[Depiction|representational]] pictorial [[image]] that represents a [[concept]], such as [[moral]] [[truth]], [[allegory]], or person, such as a monarch or [[saint]].<ref name="OED">{{Cite book |url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/symbol |title=symbol |publisher=AskOxford - Compact Oxford English Dictionary |year=1989 |isbn=0-19-861186-2 |place=United Kingdom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223041647/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/symbol |archive-date=February 23, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Emblems vs. symbols==
[[File:House of the Prince of Naples in Pompeii Plate 147 Triclinium Emblem on North Wall MH.jpg|thumb|left|[[House of the Prince of Naples]] in Pompeii Triclinium Emblem on North Wall]]
Although the words ''emblem'' and ''[[symbol]]'' are often used interchangeably, an emblem is a pattern that is used to represent an [[idea]] or an individual. An emblem develops in concrete, visual terms some abstraction: a [[deity]], a [[tribe]] or [[nation]], or a [[virtue]] or [[vice]].{{Clarify| reason=In which discipline is this distinction done? Is it an elementary notion in such field? As the previous sentence says (as everyone knows) emblem and symbols are interchangeable casually.| date=January 2013}}

An emblem may be worn or otherwise used as an identifying [[badge]] or [[Embroidered patch|patch]]. For example, in America, police officers' badges refer to their personal metal emblem whereas their woven emblems on uniforms identify members of a particular unit. A real or metal [[Cockle (bivalve)|cockle]] shell, the emblem of [[St James the Great|James the Great]], sewn onto the hat or clothes, identified a medieval pilgrim to his shrine at [[Santiago de Compostela]]. In the Middle Ages, many saints were given emblems, which served to identify them in paintings and other images: [[Catherine of Alexandria|St. Catherine of Alexandria]] had a wheel, or a sword, [[St Anthony the Great|St. Anthony the Abbot]], a pig and a small bell. These are also called '''attributes''', especially when shown carried by or close to [[Saint_symbolism|the saint in art]]. Monarchs and other grand persons increasingly adopted [[personal device]]s or emblems that were distinct from their family [[heraldry]]. The most famous include [[Louis XIV of France]]'s sun, the [[Salamander (legendary creature)|salamander]] of [[Francis I of France]], the [[boar]] of [[Richard III of England]] and the [[armillary sphere]] of [[Manuel I of Portugal]]. In the fifteenth and sixteenth century, there was a fashion, started in Italy, for making large [[medal]]s with a portrait head on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]] and the emblem on the reverse; these would be given to friends and as [[diplomatic gift]]s. [[Pisanello]] produced many of the earliest and finest of these.

A symbol, on the other hand, substitutes one thing for another, in a more concrete fashion:<ref name="OED"/>
* The [[Christian cross]] is a symbol of the [[crucifixion of Jesus]]; it is an emblem of [[sacrifice]].
* The [[Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement#Red Cross|Red Cross]] is one of three symbols representing the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|International Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-03-14 |title=The History of the Emblems |url=http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/emblem-history |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803090304/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/emblem-history.htm |archive-date=3 August 2012 |access-date=2009-05-29 |website=International Committee of the Red Cross}} History of the emblems of the International Red Cross: An account of this organisation's need to adopt an emblem to represent itself, and the factors which led to it eventually adopting a second (the red crescent) and third (the red crystal).</ref> A red cross on a white background is the emblem of [[humanitarian spirit]].
* The [[crescent]] shape is a symbol of the moon; it is an [[Symbols of Islam|emblem of Islam]].
* The [[Skull and crossbones (poison)|skull and crossbones]] is a symbol identifying a [[poison]].<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=skull and crossbones |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/skull-and-crossbones |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008153956/https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/skull-and-crossbones |archive-date=Oct 8, 2009 |access-date=2009-05-29 |website=Macmillan Dictionary |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]]}} macmillandictionary.com entry for "skull and crossbones"</ref> The [[Skull (symbolism)|skull]] is an [[Memento mori|emblem of the transitory nature of human life]].

[[File:Emblemata_Politica-Minor_esca_maioris.jpg|thumb|left|"The big eat the small", a political emblem from an [[emblem book]], 1617]]

==Other terminology==
[[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|thumb|upright=0.9|The [[coat of arms of Estonia]] with the national emblem of three [[lion passant|lions passant]].]]
A [[totem]] is specifically an animal emblem that expresses the spirit of a [[clan]]. Emblems in [[heraldry]] are known as [[Charge (heraldry)|charge]]s. The [[lion passant]] serves as the emblem of England, the lion rampant as the emblem of [[Scotland]].

An [[icon]] consists of an image (originally a religious image), that has become standardized by convention. A [[logo]] is an impersonal, secular icon, usually of a [[corporation|corporate entity]].

== Emblems in history ==
Since the 15th century, the terms of emblem (''emblema''; from {{langx|el|ἔμβλημα}}, meaning "embossed ornament") and emblematura belong to the ''termini technici'' of [[architecture]]. They mean an iconic painted, drawn, or sculptural representation of a concept affixed to houses and belong—like the inscriptions—to the architectural ornaments (ornamenta). Since the publication of
{{Lang|la|[[De re aedificatoria]]}} (1452) by [[Leon Battista Alberti]] (1404–1472), patterned after the {{Lang|la|[[De architectura]]}} by the Roman architect and engineer [[Vitruvius]], ''emblema'' are related to [[Egyptian hieroglyphics]] and are considered as being the lost universal language.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} Therefore, the emblems belong to the [[Renaissance]] knowledge of antiquity which comprises not only Greek and Roman antiquity but also Egyptian antiquity as proven by the numerous [[obelisk]]s built in 16th and 17th century Rome.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/skull-and-crossboneshttp://www.romeartlover.it/Obelisks.html |title=Obelisks of Rome |access-date=2009-05-29 |last=Piperno |first=Roberto |editor=Rosamie Moore}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} Historical information, a map, photographs, and descriptions of Egyptian obelisks in Rome.</ref>{{Clarify|date=March 2026}}
[[File:Glifo emblema de Copán.svg|thumb|Glyph emblem of the Mayan city of [[Copán]] in [[Honduras]], installed by the [[Yax Kuk Mo Dynasty]].]]
Evidence of the use of emblems in [[Pre-Columbian era|pre-Columbian]] America has also been found, such as those used in Mayan city states, kingdoms, and even empires such as the [[Aztec Empire|Aztec]] or [[Inca Empire|Inca]]. The use of these in the American context does not differ much from the contexts of other regions of the world, being even the equivalent of the coats of arms of their respective territorial entities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sánchez Huaringa |first=Carlos D. |date=2015-07-13 |title=Los Primeros Instrumentos Musicales Precolombinos: La Flauta de Pan Andina O la "Antara" |journal=Arqueología y Sociedad |issue=29 |pages=461–494 |doi=10.15381/arqueolsoc.2015n29.e12241 |issn=0254-8062|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The 1531 publication in Augsburg of the first [[emblem book]], the ''[[Emblemata]]'' of the Italian jurist [[Andrea Alciato]] launched a fascination with emblems that lasted two centuries and touched most of the countries of western Europe.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barker |first=William |author2=Mark Feltham |author3=Jean Guthrie |date=1995-10-26 |title=Alciato's Book of Emblems: The Memorial Web Edition in Latin and English |url=https://www.mun.ca/alciato/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122020406/https://www.mun.ca/alciato/ |archive-date=Jan 22, 2009 |access-date=2009-05-29 |website=Memorial University of Newfoundland}} This page states that "Andrea Alciato's [Emblemata] had enormous influence and popularity in the 16th and 17th centuries".</ref> "Emblem" in this sense refers to a didactic or moralizing combination of picture and text intended to draw the reader into a self-reflective examination of their own [[personal life|life]]. Complicated associations of emblems could transmit information to the culturally-informed viewer, a characteristic of the 16th-century artistic movement called [[Mannerism]].

A popular collection of emblems, which ran to many editions, was presented by [[Francis Quarles]] in 1635. Each of the emblems consisted of a paraphrase from a passage of Scripture, expressed in ornate and metaphorical language, followed by passages from the Christian Fathers, and concluding with an [[epigram]] of four lines. These were accompanied by an emblem that presented the symbols displayed in the accompanying passage.

== Emblems in speech ==
Emblems are certain gestures which have a specific meaning attached to them. These meanings are usually associated with the culture they are established in. Using emblems creates a way for humans to communicate with one another in a non-verbal way. An individual waving their hand at a friend, for example, would communicate "hello" without having to verbally say anything.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KaZYCwAAQBAJ|title=Nonverbal Communication|publisher=Pearson Education, Inc.|isbn=9780205525003|edition=1st|pages=432|last1=Burgoon |first1=Judee K. |last2=Guerrero |first2=Laura K. |last3=Floyd |first3=Kory |date=8 January 2016|access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref>

=== Emblems vs. sign language ===
Although [[sign language]] uses hand gestures to communicate words in a non-verbal way, it should not be confused with emblems. Sign language contains linguistic properties, similar to those used in verbal languages, and is used to communicate entire conversations.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Distinguishing the Processing of Gestures from Signs in Deaf Individuals: An fMRI Study|first1=Fatima T.|last1=Husain |first2=Debra J.|last2=Patkin |first3=Hung|last3=Thai-Van |first4=Allen R.|last4=Braun |first5=Barry|last5=Horwitz|pmc=2693477|pmid=19397900|doi=10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.034|volume=1276|journal=Brain Res|year=2009|pages=140–50}}</ref> Linguistic properties are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives, etc..<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/113/7/1766.full.pdf|title=On the Universal Structure of Human Lexical Semantics|last1=Youn|first1=Hyejin|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |year=2016 |volume=113 |issue=7 |pages=1766–1771 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1520752113 |pmid=26831113|pmc=4763760 |arxiv=1504.07843 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.1766Y |access-date=May 4, 2017|doi-access=free }}</ref> In contrast with sign language, emblems are a non-linguistic form of communication. Emblems are single gestures which are meant to get a short non-verbal message to another individual.

== Emblems in culture ==
Emblems are associated with the culture they are established in and are subjective to that culture. For example, the [[OK gesture|sign made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger]] is used in America to communicate "OK" in a non-verbal way, in Japan to mean "money", and in some southern European countries to mean something sexual.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwhZOxI11QMC&q=Academic+Encounters+Level+4+Student%27s+Book+Reading+and+Writing%3A+Human+Behavior|title=Academic Encounters Level 4 Student's Book Reading and Writing: Human Behavior|publisher=Cambridge University Press|last1=Seal|first1=Bernard|date=20 August 2012|isbn=9781107602977|access-date=May 4, 2017}}</ref> Furthermore, the [[Thumb signal|thumbs up sign]] in America means "good job ", but in some parts of the Middle East the thumbs up sign means something highly offensive.<ref>{{cite web |title=What Hand Gestures Mean In Different Countries |url=https://blog.busuu.com/what-hand-gestures-mean-in-different-countries/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909234457/https://blog.busuu.com/what-hand-gestures-mean-in-different-countries/ |archive-date=Sep 9, 2017 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=Busuu}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Coat of arms]]
* [[Crest (heraldry)|Crest]]
* [[Emblem book]]
* [[Logo]]
* [[Meme]]
* [[Mission patch]]
* [[National emblem]]
* [[Saint symbology]]
* [[Seal (emblem)]]
* [[Symbol]]
* [[Badge]]
* [[Icon]]

==References==

{{cite web
| first = Denis
| last = Drysdall
| title = Claude Mignault of Dijon: "Theoretical Writings on the Emblem: a Critical Edition, with apparatus and notes (1577).
| year = 2005
| url = http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/Mignault_intro.html
| access-date = 2009-05-29}}

=== Further reading ===
*[http://emblematica.library.illinois.edu/ Emblematica Online.] University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Libraries. 1,388 facsimiles of emblem books.
* [[Charles Moseley (writer)|Moseley, Charles]], ''A Century of Emblems: An Introduction to the Renaissance Emblem'' (Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1989)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*Camerarius, Joachim (1605) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/emblematic/id/442 ''Symbolorum & emblematum''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731033713/http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/emblematic/id/442 |date=2020-07-31 }} - digital facsimile of book of emblems, from the website of the [[Linda Hall Library]]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Symbols|*]]

Hariharan (director)

2026-03-16T21:45:52Z

Vaibhu: small cleanup citations further and fixed typos after review

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{for|the Indian playback singer|Hariharan (singer)}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{infobox person
| name = Hariharan
| image = Hariharan director.jpg
| caption = Hariharan in 2011
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Thamarassery]], [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Director
| years_active = 1973–present
| spouse = Bhavani
| children = 3
}}
'''Hariharan''' is an Indian film director who has directed over 50 [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/42612/ |title='പഴശ്ശിരാജ'യുടെ പടനായകന്‍|work=Mathrubhumi |access-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219065236/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/42612/ |archive-date=19 December 2013 }}</ref> His movies mainly revolve around the cultural and relational aspects of a typical [[Kerala|Keralite]] society. His most notable works include ''[[Sharapancharam]]'' (1979), ''[[Panchagni]]'' (1986), ''[[Idavazhiyile Poocha Mindappoocha]]'' (1979), ''[[Amrutham Gamaya]]'' (1987), ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]]'' (1989), ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]'' (1992), ''[[Parinayam (1994 film)|Parinayam]]'' (1994) and ''[[Pazhassi Raja (2009 film)|Pazhassi Raja]]'' (2009) which has won him wide critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-03/thiruvananthapuram/28324998_1_state-film-awards-malayalam-cinema-jury-chairman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811062005/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-03/thiruvananthapuram/28324998_1_state-film-awards-malayalam-cinema-jury-chairman|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Malayalam cinema's quality declining: Hariharan|date=3 March 2004|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010706/rmal4.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920034451/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010706/rmal4.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 September 2008|title= Hariharan - Shaji N. Karun to team up|date=6 July 2001|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|access-date=6 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article391756.ece|title='Pazhassi Raja' reigns supreme|date=8 April 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|access-date=6 May 2010}}</ref> In 2019, he was awarded the [[J. C. Daniel Award]], Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.{{citation needed |date=March 2023}}

== Career ==
Hariharan studied at [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]] and Universal Arts College, [[Kozhikode]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/302663/ |title=സംഗീതം ഹരിഹരന്‍|work=Mathrubhumi |access-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215003722/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/302663/ |archive-date=15 December 2013 }}</ref> He entered the Malayalam film industry in 1965 working as an assistant director under film director [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]]. His first film ''Ladies Hostel'' was released in 1973, following which a lot of films with [[Prem Nazir]] and [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] were released. ''Babumon'' was one of his box office hit movies of the black and white era. He directed two major films in Actor [[Jayan]]'s career. His 1976 movie ''[[Panchami]]'' gave first major break to [[Jayan]] as an actor in Malayalam cinema.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} In 1979 another movie ''[[Sarapanjaram]]'' was released with [[Jayan]] and [[Sheela]]. His films such as ''[[Valarthumrugangal]]'', ''[[Panchagni]]'', ''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'', ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]]'', ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]'', ''[[Parinayam (1994 film)|Parinayam]]'' and ''[[Ennu Swantham Janakikutty]]'' have entered the Indian Panorama of International Film Festival.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He has also been honored with a Diploma by the Pyongyang Film Festival of North Korea for ''Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha''. In 1993, ''Sargam'' won him the [[Kerala State Award]] for Best Director and also [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]. The film also received special honor at the Fukuoka and Swiss film festivals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=15005515&programId=1073752204&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3 |title=Manorama Online {{!}} Movies {{!}} Interviews {{!}} |website=www.manoramaonline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918234109/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=15005515&programId=1073752204&BV_ID=@@@&channelId=-1073750705&tabId=3 |archive-date=2013-09-18}}</ref> His next film, ''Parinayam'', won the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues]] and took part in about seven film festivals across the world. ''Ennu Swantham Janakikutty'' was the inaugural film at the Korean film festival (2000), and it also took part in the London film festival (2000).{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

Apart from these recognitions he has also won Filmfare and Ramu Kariat Awards for his works on multiple occasions. In 2009, he made ''[[Pazhassi Raja (2009 film)|Pazhassi Raja]]''. It is based on the life of Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja, the first revolter against the British East India Company. It was written by [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]. Later in 2011, he announced another historical film titled ''Randamoozham'' with [[Mohanlal]] in the lead role and written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair, which was an adaptation of his novel of the same name. It was to be produced by Gokulam Gopalan, but the project was later shelved.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bheemas-outing/article2615566.ece|title = Bheema's outing|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 10 November 2011|last1 = Kumar|first1 = P. K. Ajith}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/08/31/charmila-mohanan-hariharan-metoo-allegations-malayalam-cinema.html|accessdate=2024-09-01|publisher=www.onmanorama.com |title=Actor Charmila levels rape, sexual harassment allegations against producer Mohanan, director Hariharan }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Script
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Ladies Hostel]]'' ||
|-
| 1974 || ''[[College Girl (1974 film)|College Girl]]'' ||
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Ayalathe Sundari]]''||
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Rajahamsam]]'' ||
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Bhoomidevi Pushpiniyayi]]'' ||
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Madhurappathinezhu]]'' ||
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Love Marriage (1975 film)|Love Marriage]]'' ||
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Babumon (film)|Babumon]]'' ||
|-
|1976 || ''[[Panchami (film)]]'' ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Ammini Ammaavan]]'' ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Themmadi Velappan]]'' ||
|-
| 1976 || ''[[Rajayogam]]'' || P. Balakrishnan
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Ivanente Priyaputhran]]'' ||
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Sangamam (1977 film)|Sangamam]]'' ||
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Sujatha (1977 film)|Sujatha]]'' ||
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Tholkan Enikku Manassilla]]'' ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Kudumbam Namukku Sreekovil]]'' ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Adimakkachavadam]]'' ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Snehathinte Mukhangal]]'' ||
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Yagaswam]]'' ||
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Sarapancharam]]'' ||
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Edavazhiyile Poocha Minda Poocha]]''||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Lava (1980 film)|Lava]]'' || S. L Puram
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Muthuchippikal]]'' ||
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Poocha Sanyasi]]'' ||
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Valarthumrugangal]]'' || M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Sreeman Sreemathi]]'' ||
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Anuraagakkodathi]]'' ||
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Anguram]]'' ||
|-
| 1983 || ''Evideyo Oru Shathru'' || Unreleased
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Varanmaare Aavashyamundu]]'' ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Poomadathe Pennu]]'' ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Vellam (1985 film)|Vellam]]'' ||
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Vikatakavi]]'' ||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Panchagni]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1986 || ''Anjaam'' || Remake of ''[[Sharapanjaram]]''
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Amrutham Gamaya]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Mangai Oru Gangai]]'' (Tamil) ||
|-
| 1987 || ''Njanum Neeyum'' ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Aranyakam]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1990|| ''[[Oliyambukal]]'' ||[[Dennis Joseph]]
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]'' || Chovallur Krishnan Kutty
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Parinayam (1994 film)|Parinayam]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Ennu Swantham Janakikutty]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Prem Poojari]]'' ||P. Balakrishnan
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Mayookham]]'' ||Hariharan
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)|Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Ezhamathe Varavu]]'' ||M. T. Vasudevan Nair
|}

== Awards ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}
'''[[National Film Awards]]:'''
* 2009 - [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]] - ''[[Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)|Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja]]''
* 1995 - [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues]] - ''[[Parinayam (1994 film)|Parinayam]]''
* 1993 - [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]] - ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]''

'''[[Kerala State Film Awards]]:'''

* 2019 - [[J. C. Daniel Award]]<ref>{{cite news|author=Express News Service|title=Hariharan bags JC Daniel award for lifetime contributions to Malayalam cinema|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/nov/03/hariharan-bags-jc-daniel-award-for-lifetime-contributions-to-malayalam-cinema-2218841.html|access-date=4 November 2020|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 November 2020|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103143545/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/nov/03/hariharan-bags-jc-daniel-award-for-lifetime-contributions-to-malayalam-cinema-2218841.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2009 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] - ''[[Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)|Pazhassi Raja]]''
* 1994 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]] - ''[[Parinayam (1994 film)|Parinayam]]''
* 1992 - Best Director - ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]''
* 1989 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film|Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]] - ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragadha]]''
* 1979 - Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value - ''[[Idavazhiyile Poocha Mindappoocha]]''

'''[[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]]:'''
* 2019 - [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award for Lifetime Achievement]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-38163.html|title=Winners of the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019|website=[[Filmfare]]|access-date=2024-08-01}}</ref>
* 2009 - [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam|Best Director]] - ''[[Pazhassi Raja (2009 film)|Pazhassi Raja]]''<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Filmfare-Awards-winners/articleshow/6280143.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811095903/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-09/news-interviews/28320515_1_filmfare-awards-winners-prakash-raj-k-j-yesudas | url-status=live | archive-date=11 August 2011 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Filmfare Awards winners | date=9 August 2010}}</ref>
* 1994 - [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam|Best Director]] - [[Parinayam (1994 film)|''Parinayam'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=42nd South Filmfare Awards |url=https://archive.org/download/42ndAnnualFilmfaresouthawardsTeluguMalayalamwinners/IMG_20161006_074048%5B1%5D.jpg |publisher=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>
* 1986 - Best Director - ''[[Panchagni]]''<ref>{{Cite web |year=1987 |title=Filmfare Awards 1986 |url=https://archive.org/download/34th-filmfare-south-winners/34th%20Filmfare%20South%20winners.jpg |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |publication-date=1987-10-16}}</ref>

'''Other awards'''
* 2012 - [[Prem Nazir]] Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madhyamam.com/news/145416/120112 |title=Prem Nazir Award for Hariharan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116104251/http://www.madhyamam.com/news/145416/120112 |date=16 January 2012|archive-date=16 January 2012|work=Madhyamam}}</ref>
* 1993 - [[V. Shantaram]] Award

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0363030}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm Official Website of Information and Public Relation Department of Kerala]
{{J. C. Daniel Award}}
{{Kerala State Film Award for Best Director}}
{{Filmfare Award Best Malayalam Director}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hariharan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:J. C. Daniel Award winners]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Artists from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]

Bhumi Pednekar

2026-03-15T14:36:37Z

Vaibhu: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhumi Pednekar
| image = Bhumi Pednekar promoting Thank You For Coming.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Pednekar in 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|07|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2015–present
| website =
| signature =
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Bhumi Pednekar|Full list]]
}}

'''Bhumi Satish Pednekar'''({{IPA|hi|bʱuːmɪ peːɖneːkər}} born 18 July 1989) is an Indian actress who works in [[Hindi films]]. Known for her portrayals of headstrong small-town women, she is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Bhumi Pednekar|several awards]], including three [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref name="tele"/><ref name="small town">{{cite news |last=Dubey |first=Rachana |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhumi-pednekar-i-dont-mind-being-the-face-of-small-town-india-it-is-home-to-beautiful-stories/articleshow/71607615.cms |title=Bhumi Pednekar: I don't mind being the face of small-town India, it is home to beautiful stories |work=The Times of India |date=16 October 2019 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316023113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhumi-pednekar-i-dont-mind-being-the-face-of-small-town-india-it-is-home-to-beautiful-stories/articleshow/71607615.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

After working as an assistant casting director at [[Yash Raj Films]] for six years, she made her film debut as an overweight bride in the company's romantic comedy ''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]'' (2015), which earned her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Gupta |first=Rachit |date=11 July 2024 |title=COVER STORY: Bhumi Pednekar On Her Career And Dynamic Fashion Choices |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/cover-story-bhumi-pednekar-on-her-career-and-dynamic-fashion-choices-67177.html |magazine=Filmfare |access-date=23 June 2025}}</ref> She rose to prominence starring in the commercially successful films ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]'' (2017), ''[[Shubh Mangal Saavdhan]]'' (2017), ''[[Bala (2019 film)|Bala]]'' (2019), and ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'' (2019). For her performances as the septuagenarian sharpshooter [[Chandro Tomar]] in ''[[Saand Ki Aankh]]'' (2019) and a closeted lesbian in ''[[Badhaai Do]]'' (2022), she twice won the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]]. She has since starred in the social dramas ''[[Bheed]]'' (2023), ''[[Afwaah]]'' (2023), and ''[[Bhakshak]]'' (2024). Her subsequent theatrical releases have all failed commercially.

Off-screen, Pednekar is an environmentalist, and as of 2023, raises awareness on climate change for the [[United Nations Development Programme]].

== Early life ==
Pednekar was born in Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]) on 18 July 1989,<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Bhumi Pednekar is not throwing a big bash for her 30th birthday. Here is why |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bhumi-pednekar-is-not-throwing-a-big-bash-for-her-30th-birthday-here-is-why-1570512-2019-07-17 |work=India Today |date=17 July 2019 |access-date=25 February 2020 |archive-date=25 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225152620/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bhumi-pednekar-is-not-throwing-a-big-bash-for-her-30th-birthday-here-is-why-1570512-2019-07-17 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IT1">{{cite magazine |title=15 women of courage share their inspiring stories |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20150622-keep-your-chin-up-when-bad-times-fall-shraddha-kapoor-poonamben-maadam-bhumi-pednekar-733358-2015-06-11 |magazine=India Today |access-date=4 June 2016 |date=11 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422074315/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/keep-your-chin-up-when-bad-times-fall-shraddha-kapoor-poonamben-maadam-bhumi-pednekar/1/443846.html |archive-date=22 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Her father [[Satish Pednekar]], a [[Konkani people|Konkani]], was a former [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] and Home and Labour Minister of [[Maharashtra]]. Her mother Sumitra Hooda Pednekar, a [[Haryanvi people|Haryanvi]], worked as an anti-tobacco activist after the death of her husband from oral cancer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sayed |first1=Nida |date=27 November 2017 |title=Busting stereotypes with women-centric characters: Bhumi Pednekar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/busting-stereotypes-with-women-centric-characters-bhumi-pednekar/articleshow/61821357.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="mint">{{cite news |author=Khandekar, Omkar |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/bhumi-pednekar-as-i-get-more-successful-i-realize-how-sexist-the-world-is-11577442342303.html |title=Bhumi Pednekar: 'As I get more successful, I realize how sexist the world is' |work=Mint |date=27 December 2019 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227180902/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/bhumi-pednekar-as-i-get-more-successful-i-realize-how-sexist-the-world-is-11577442342303.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news |author=Raja, Aditi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/maharashtra-minister-satish-pednekar-wife-takes-on-gutka-manufacturers-117873-2012-10-05 |title=Ex-minister's wife takes on gutka manufacturers |work=India Today |date=5 October 2012 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227181448/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/maharashtra-minister-satish-pednekar-wife-takes-on-gutka-manufacturers-117873-2012-10-05 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bhumi has a younger sister named Samiksha, who is a lawyer and a model.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bhumi Pednekar reacts after paps get confused between her and sister Samiksha |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bhumi-pednekar-reacts-after-paps-get-confused-between-her-and-sister-samiksha-2481440-2023-12-28 |magazine=India Today |date=28 December 2023 |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Who is Samiksha Pednekar? Meet Bhumi Pednekar's beautiful sister who is a lawyer |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/photo-gallery-who-is-samiksha-pednekar-meet-bhumi-pednekars-beautiful-sister-who-is-a-lawyer-model-samiksha-samiksha-sister-of-bhumi-pednekar-2877797 |date=26 February 2021 |work=DNA |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref> She did her schooling from Arya Vidya Mandir in [[Juhu]].<ref name="test">{{cite news |last1=Ramnath |first1=Nandini |title=Presenting Dum Laga Ke Haisha's leading lady Bhumi Pednekar (the slim-fit version) |url=https://scroll.in/article/710956/presenting-dum-laga-ke-haishas-leading-lady-bhumi-pednekar-the-slim-fit-version |access-date=10 August 2023 |work=Scroll.in |date=3 March 2015}}</ref> At the age of 15, her parents took out a study loan for her to study acting at [[Whistling Woods International]], but she was expelled due to poor attendance.<ref name="mint" /> Within a year and a half, she joined [[Yash Raj Films]] as an assistant casting director, and paid off the loan.<ref name="mint" /> She went on to work with the company for six years under Shanoo Sharma.<ref name="test" /><ref name="ie">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lose-it-like-bhumi-pednekar/ |title='Lose it' like Bhumi Pednekar! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126033120/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lose-it-like-bhumi-pednekar/ |archive-date=26 November 2015 |work=Indian Express |agency=IANS |date=24 September 2015 |access-date=10 August 2023}}date</ref>

== Career ==

===Early work and recognition (2015–2019) ===
[[File:Bhumi Pednekar at Times Glitter in 2017.jpg|thumb|upright|Pednekar in 2017]]

Pednekar's acting debut came as the overweight wife of [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]'s character in the [[Yash Raj Films]]-produced and [[Sharat Katariya]]-directed romantic comedy ''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]'' (2015). In preparation, she gained almost 12 kg body weight.<ref name="dnaindia">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-my-cinderella-story-bhumi-pednekar-2066595 |title=My Cinderella Story: Bhumi Pednekar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718021053/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-my-cinderella-story-bhumi-pednekar-2066595 |archive-date=18 July 2015 |work=DNA |date=7 March 2015 |access-date=10 August 2023}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] reviewed, "Pednekar steals the film with an assured turn, effortlessly making you care for Sandhya, without ever reducing her to a slobbering, self-pitying caricature."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/think-big/ |title=Think Big! |publisher=RajeevMasand.com |date=27 February 2015 |access-date=15 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175519/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/think-big/ |archive-date=15 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> After filming, she began losing weight and shared methods and tips of the process through her social media.<ref name="ie" /><ref name="indiatoday">[https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/dum-laga-ke-haisha-bhumi-pednekar-intresting-facts-374705-2015-02-26 7 things you don't know about Bhumi Pednekar. 6th is shocking] , India Today.</ref> A commercial success, ''Dum Laga Ke Haisha'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] and earned Pednekar the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Prashant |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-and-more-sleeper-hits-a-new-trend-in-bollywood/story-W2pPjAo5y1Zs8ZJ0Zo6cBO.html |title=NH10 and more: Sleeper hits, a new trend in Bollywood |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 March 2015 |access-date=15 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175457/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-and-more-sleeper-hits-a-new-trend-in-bollywood/story-W2pPjAo5y1Zs8ZJ0Zo6cBO.html |archive-date=15 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> That year she was featured in [[Y-Films]]'s four part mini web series ''Man's World''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/movies/mans-world |title=Man's World |website=yashrajfilms.com |access-date=22 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072540/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/movies/mans-world |archive-date=23 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Based on the subject of [[gender inequality]], it digitally premiered on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/parineeti-kalki-richa-show-it-is-so-not-a-mans-world-in-trailer-1223420 |title=Parineeti, Kalki, Richa Show it is So Not a Man's World in Trailer |last=Basu |first=Nilanjana |publisher=NDTV |date=27 September 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009021923/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/parineeti-kalki-richa-show-it-is-so-not-a-mans-world-in-trailer-1223420 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-celebs-bat-for-gender-equality-with-mans-world/ |title=Bollywood celebs bat for gender equality with 'Man's World' |work=The Indian Express |agency=IANS |date=26 September 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028052901/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-celebs-bat-for-gender-equality-with-mans-world/ |archive-date=28 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Two years later, Pednekar was cast in the satire ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]'' (2017) as a young woman in rural India who insists on the eradication of [[open defecation]], opposite [[Akshay Kumar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/toilet-ek-prem-katha/movie-review/59901542.cms |title=Toilet: Ek Prem Katha Movie Review |last=Iyer |first=Meena |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811221725/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/toilet-ek-prem-katha/movie-review/59901542.cms |archive-date=11 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite disliking the story, Saibal Chatterjee of ''[[NDTV]]'' praised her for "flesh[ing] out a refreshingly relatable college topper who becomes the principal catalyst for a mini-revolution".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.ndtv.com/entertainment/toilet-ek-prem-katha-movie-review-akshay-kumars-film-stinks-to-high-heaven-1736366 |title=Toilet: Ek Prem Katha Movie Review – Akshay Kumar's Film Stinks To High Heaven |last=Saibal |first=Chaterjee |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=11 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811223412/http://m.ndtv.com/entertainment/toilet-ek-prem-katha-movie-review-akshay-kumars-film-stinks-to-high-heaven-1736366 |archive-date=11 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> With a worldwide gross of over {{INRConvert|3|b|lk=r}}, it emerged as one of the highest-grossing Hindi films of the year and Pednekar's biggest grosser.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3162 |title=Toilet Ek Prem Katha Emerges a Blockbuster |publisher=Box Office India |date=14 August 2017 |access-date=15 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175416/http://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3162 |archive-date=15 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Toilet: Ek Prem Katha trumps Baahubali 2 in China; becomes Akshay Kumar's first film to cross Rs 300 cr mark worldwide |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/toilet-ek-prem-katha-trumps-baahubali-2-in-china-becomes-akshay-kumars-first-film-to-cross-rs-300-cr-mark-worldwide-4530341.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=18 June 2018 |first=Surendhar |last=MK |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628111022/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/toilet-ek-prem-katha-trumps-baahubali-2-in-china-becomes-akshay-kumars-first-film-to-cross-rs-300-cr-mark-worldwide-4530341.html |archive-date=28 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Later that year, her performance opposite Khurrana in ''[[Shubh Mangal Saavdhan]]'', a satire on [[erectile dysfunction]], earned Pednekar her first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="ndtv">{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ayushmann-khurrana-bhumi-pednekar-in-anand-l-rais-next-film-1235242 |title=Ayushmann Khurrana, Bhumi Pednekar in Anand L Rai's Next Film |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=22 October 2015 |access-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140224/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ayushmann-khurrana-bhumi-pednekar-in-anand-l-rais-next-film-1235242 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018_-26161-19.html |title=Nominations for the 63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018 |work=Filmfare |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=9 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140437/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018_-26161-19.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Reviewing the film for ''[[The Indian Express]]'', [[Shubhra Gupta]] wrote that Pednekar "once again reminds us just how convincing she can be as a real honest-to-goodness young woman in search of love", but bemoaned that she was being typecast in such roles.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/shubh-mangal-saavdhan-movie-review-ayushmann-khurrana-bhumi-pednekar-star-rating-4821927/ |title=Shubh Mangal Saavdhan movie review: The Ayushmann Khurrana and Bhumi Pednekar film suffers from a sagging climax |work=The Indian Express |date=1 September 2017 |author=Gupta, Shubhra |access-date=9 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144106/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/shubh-mangal-saavdhan-movie-review-ayushmann-khurrana-bhumi-pednekar-star-rating-4821927/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Shubh Mangal Saavdhan'' grossed {{INRConvert|700|m}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3591 |title=Shubh Mangal Saavdhan |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=3 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107125656/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3591 |archive-date=7 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Zoya Akhtar]]'s segment in the [[Netflix]] anthology film ''[[Lust Stories]]'' marked Pednekar's sole screen appearance of 2018; she played a maid who has an affair with her employer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/884100/bhumi-pednekar-on-lust-stories-i-was-wiping-floors-at-home-for-weeks-my-mom-loved-it |title=Bhumi Pednekar on 'Lust Stories': 'I was wiping floors at home for weeks. My mom loved it' |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005204/https://scroll.in/reel/884100/bhumi-pednekar-on-lust-stories-i-was-wiping-floors-at-home-for-weeks-my-mom-loved-it |archive-date=27 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Writing for [[NDTV]], Raja Sen considered Akhtar's segment to be the best in the anthology, and found Pednekar "hauntingly good" in it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/lust-stories-movie-review-4-directors-explore-the-idea-of-lust-without-caution-4-out-of-5-stars-1867833 |title=Lust Stories Movie Review: 4 Directors Explore The Idea Of Lust, Without Caution |publisher=NDTV |date=29 July 2018 |access-date=3 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727043123/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/lust-stories-movie-review-4-directors-explore-the-idea-of-lust-without-caution-4-out-of-5-stars-1867833 |archive-date=27 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bhumi Pednekar promoting Sonchiriya.jpg|thumb|upright|Pednekar in 2019|left]]

[[Abhishek Chaubey]]'s crime drama ''[[Sonchiriya]]'' was Pednekar's first release of 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhumi Pednekar proud, excited for 'Sonchiriya' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/Jul/05/bhumi-pednekar-proud-excited-for-sonchiriya-1838570.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=5 July 2018 |access-date=23 June 2025}}</ref> She played a young housewife on the run in rural [[Chambal division|Chambal]], alongside [[Sushant Singh Rajput]] and [[Manoj Bajpayee]]. In preparation, she underwent two and a half months of physical training to portray her character's mannerism and gait; she also learned to fire a gun.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/vidya-balan-in-ishqiya-alia-bhatt-and-kareena-kapoor-in-udta-punjab-bhumi-pednekar-in-sonchiriya-abhishek-chaubeys-cinematic-world-of-women-and-the-actors-who-inhabit-them/articleshow/68174335.cms |title=Vidya Balan in Ishqiya, Alia Bhatt and Kareena Kapoor in Udta Punjab, Bhumi Pednekar in Sonchiriya: Abhishek Chaubey's cinematic world of women and the actors who inhabit them |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=1 March 2019 |archive-date=1 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301135934/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/vidya-balan-in-ishqiya-alia-bhatt-and-kareena-kapoor-in-udta-punjab-bhumi-pednekar-in-sonchiriya-abhishek-chaubeys-cinematic-world-of-women-and-the-actors-who-inhabit-them/articleshow/68174335.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Rahul Desai of [[Film Companion]] praised the subtlety in the film and its performances, and credited Pednekar for "lend[ing] an inevitable sense of womanhood to the silenced".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/sonchiriya-movie-review-mind-transcends-gun-in-abhishek-chaubeys-haunting-bandit-tale/ |title=Sonchiriya Movie Review: Mind Transcends Gun In Abhishek Chaubey's Haunting Bandit Tale |publisher=Film Companion |date=1 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2019 |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619205451/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/sonchiriya-movie-review-mind-transcends-gun-in-abhishek-chaubeys-haunting-bandit-tale/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She next starred as the septuagenarian sharpshooter [[Chandro Tomar]] in [[Tushar Hiranandani]]'s biographical film ''[[Saand Ki Aankh]]'', opposite [[Taapsee Pannu]] who played her sister-in-law [[Prakashi Tomar]]. In preparation, Pannu and Pednekar spent time with the two women and trained in shooting a gun.<ref name="small town"/> She suffered from skin allergies from filming in the heat wearing prosthetic make-up.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-gets-blisters-on-her-face-during-saand-ki-aankh-shoot-calls-them-her-battle-scars/story-2wS8Ueidky4YqUHVet9XRP.html |title=Bhumi Pednekar gets blisters on her face during Saand Ki Aankh shoot, calls them her 'battle scars' |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 April 2019 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227084905/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-gets-blisters-on-her-face-during-saand-ki-aankh-shoot-calls-them-her-battle-scars/story-2wS8Ueidky4YqUHVet9XRP.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Udita Jhunjunwala of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' wrote, "Pannu and Pednekar are wonderful and spunky and embrace their parts even though their body language and posture is variable".<ref>{{cite news |author=Jhunjunwala, Udita |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/film-review-saand-ki-aankh-mostly-hits-the-mark-11571978742806.html |title=Film review: 'Saand Ki Aankh' mostly hits the mark |work=Mint |date=25 October 2019 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227084904/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/film-review-saand-ki-aankh-mostly-hits-the-mark-11571978742806.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Both actresses were jointly awarded the [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Screen Award]] and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/star-screen-awards-deepika-padukone-ananya-panday-add-glam-as-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-win-top-awards-read-complete-winners-list/story-wxcAy5E1LqYOcCwJkB6OtM.html |title=Star Screen Awards: Deepika Padukone, Ananya Panday add glam as Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh win top awards. Read complete winners list |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 December 2019 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219091337/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/star-screen-awards-deepika-padukone-ananya-panday-add-glam-as-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-win-top-awards-read-complete-winners-list/story-wxcAy5E1LqYOcCwJkB6OtM.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/65th-amazon-filmfare-awards-2020-live-updates-and-filmfare-awards-winners/liveblog/74145715.cms |title=65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020 live updates |work=The Times of India |date=15 February 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218003116/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/65th-amazon-filmfare-awards-2020-live-updates-and-filmfare-awards-winners/liveblog/74145715.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

Continuing her portrayals of headstrong small-town women, Pednekar starred in ''[[Bala (2019 film)|Bala]]'' and ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'' (both 2019).<ref name="small town"/> The former marked her third collaboration with Khurrana, in which she played a dark-skinned woman who faces prejudice due to her skin colour. Controversy arose for casting a fair-skinned woman in the role, but Pednekar defended herself by saying that an actor should be allowed to play any part.<ref>{{cite news |author=Chatterjee, Rohini |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/bhumi-pednekar-brown-face-bala-infuriating_in_5dca4370e4b0fcfb7f6bdf71 |title=Bhumi Pednekar's Brownface In 'Bala' Is Infuriating To Watch As A Dark-Skinned Woman |work=HuffPost |date=11 December 2019 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227090229/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/bhumi-pednekar-brown-face-bala-infuriating_in_5dca4370e4b0fcfb7f6bdf71 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bhumi-pednekar-justifies-playing-dark-skinned-character-in-bala-says-will-transform-when-required-2374577.html |title=Bhumi Pednekar Justifies Playing Dark Skinned Character in Bala, Says 'Will Transform When Required' |website=News18 |date=5 November 2019 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227091045/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bhumi-pednekar-justifies-playing-dark-skinned-character-in-bala-says-will-transform-when-required-2374577.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Pati Patni Aur Woh'', a remake of a [[Pati Patni Aur Woh (1978 film)|1978 film of the same name]] and co-starring [[Kartik Aaryan]] and [[Ananya Panday]], featured her as a housewife with a philandering husband. [[Anupama Chopra]] wrote that "it's Bhumi Pednekar's spirited Vedika who lifts the material up a notch. Bhumi has an intelligence that rescues some of the silliest scenes in this film, especially in the climax."<ref>{{cite web |author=Chopra, Anupama |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/pati-patni-aur-woh-movie-review-fun-but-too-lightweight-and-low-iq-to-carry-complex-ideas |title=Pati Patni Aur Woh Movie Review: Fun, But Too Lightweight And Low IQ To Carry Complex Ideas |date=6 December 2019 |website=Film Companion |access-date=6 December 2019 |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122132544/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/pati-patni-aur-woh-movie-review-fun-but-too-lightweight-and-low-iq-to-carry-complex-ideas |url-status=live}}</ref> Both ''Bala'' and ''Pati Patni Aur Woh'' were commercially successful, each grossing over {{INRConvert|1|b}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide: 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174446/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Commercial struggles and streaming projects (2020–present) ===
''[[Dolly Kitty Aur Woh Chamakte Sitare]]'', directed by [[Alankrita Shrivastava]] and co-starring [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], was screened at the [[24th Busan International Film Festival]] in 2019 and released on [[Netflix]] later in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bhumi-pednekar-and-konkona-sensharma-s-dolly-kitty-aur-woh-chamakte-sitare-goes-to-busan-1596235-2019-09-06 |title=Bhumi Pednekar and Konkona Sensharma's Dolly Kitty Aur Woh Chamakte Sitare goes to Busan |date=6 September 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919082811/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bhumi-pednekar-and-konkona-sensharma-s-dolly-kitty-aur-woh-chamakte-sitare-goes-to-busan-1596235-2019-09-06 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-konkona-sen-sharma-starrer-dolly-kitty-aur-woh-chamakte-sitare-drops-netflix-september/ |title=Bhumi Pednekar and Konkona Sen Sharma starrer Dolly Kitty Aur Woh Chamakte Sitare to premiere on Netflix on September 18 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=3 September 2020 |access-date=3 September 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829103640/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-konkona-sen-sharma-starrer-dolly-kitty-aur-woh-chamakte-sitare-drops-netflix-september/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] wrote that despite doing a "fine job", Pednekar had been overshadowed by her co-star Sen Sharma.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |url=https://scroll.in/reel/973343/dolly-kitty-aur-woh-chamakte-sitare-review-cousins-on-a-path-to-empowerment |title='Dolly Kitty Aur Woh Chamakte Sitare' review: Cousins on a path to empowerment |website=Scroll.in |date=18 September 2020 |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> Nonetheless, both actresses received nominations for the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress.<ref name="ff21">{{cite news |title=66th Vimal Elaichi Filmfare Awards 2021: Check out the complete list of nominees |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/66th-vimal-elaichi-filmfare-awards-2021-check-out-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/81691822.cms |access-date=29 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She next had brief roles in the comedy-drama ''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]'' and the horror film ''[[Bhoot – Part One: The Haunted Ship]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-bhumi-pednekar-opens-up-about-her-cameos-in-bhoot-part-one-the-haunted-ship-and-shubh-mangal-zyada-saavdhan/articleshow/74178062.cms |title=Exclusive! Bhumi Pednekar opens up about her cameos in 'Bhoot Part One: The Haunted Ship' and 'Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan' |work=The Times of India |date=17 February 2020 |access-date=21 February 2020 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218015449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-bhumi-pednekar-opens-up-about-her-cameos-in-bhoot-part-one-the-haunted-ship-and-shubh-mangal-zyada-saavdhan/articleshow/74178062.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, Pednekar starred in a remake of the horror film ''[[Bhaagamathie]]'', named ''[[Durgamati]]'', which was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2020 |title=Durgamati poster: Bhumi Pednekar debuts spooky new pic, film's name changed to Durgamati The Myth from Durgavati |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/durgamati-poster-bhumi-pednekar-debuts-spooky-new-pic-film-s-name-changed-to-durgamati-the-myth-from-durgavati/story-hfwT8JMj064yYTXmW1gGTJ.html |access-date=23 November 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In a scathing review, Rohan Naahar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' disliked the film and Pednekar's performance.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Durgamati movie review: Bhumi Pednekar deserves better, and this film deserves to be burned at the stake |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/durgamati-movie-review-bhumi-pednekar-deserves-better-and-this-film-deserves-to-be-burned-at-the-stake/story-e86TIXidJXS9Yy8kk8bAPK.html |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 December 2020}}</ref>

After a year-long absence from the screen, Pednekar starred alongside [[Rajkummar Rao]] as gay individuals in a [[lavender marriage]] in the comedy-drama ''[[Badhaai Do]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/rajkummar-rao-and-bhumi-pednekar-are-in-lavender-marriage-in-quirky-badhaai-do-trailer/ |title=Rajkummar Rao and Bhumi Pednekar are in lavender marriage in quirky Badhaai Do trailer |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=25 January 2022 |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhumi Pednekar on playing lesbian woman in Badhaai Do: 'I am an actor and I am playing a character' |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-on-playing-lesbian-woman-in-badhaai-do-i-am-an-actor-and-i-am-playing-a-character-101644425589215.html |date=9 February 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022}}</ref> She was pleased with the opportunity of playing the vulnerable character of a closeted lesbian, as it marked a departure from the strong-willed women she typically played.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhumi Pednekar on Badhaai Do revolving around LGBTQI community: 'It speaks about things that usually make people uncomfortable' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-on-badhaai-do-revolving-around-lgbtqi-community-7744645/ |work=The Indian Express|date=28 January 2022 |access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> Rachana Dubey of ''[[The Times of India]]'' praised the film's handling of [[LGBT]] themes and found Pednekar's performance to be "sensitive, nuanced, and on point".<ref>{{cite news |title=Badhaai Do Movie Review : Badhaai Do is a complete family entertainer that also bravely addresses a social issue |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/badhaai-do/movie-review/89476782.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> She won another Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress (shared with [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] for ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''), in addition to her second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref name="ff23">{{Cite news|date=24 April 2023|title=Nominations for the 68th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2023 with Maharashtra Tourism |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-68th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2023-with-maharashtra-tourism-58094.html|work=Filmfare |access-date=24 April 2023 }}</ref><ref name="ff23win">{{cite news |title=Winners of the 68th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2023|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2023/winners|date=28 April 2023|work=Filmfare|access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> She reteamed with Akshay Kumar in [[Aanand L. Rai]]'s family film ''[[Raksha Bandhan (film)|Raksha Bandhan]]''. The film was panned for its regressive storytelling and it emerged as a box office bomb.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhargava|first=Eshita|title=After 4 massive flops, let's understand what's not working for Akshay Kumar |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/opinion-after-4-massive-flops-lets-understand-whats-not-working-for-akshay-kumar/2644850/|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]] |date=26 August 2022|access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref> She then appeared in [[Shashank Khaitan]]'s comic thriller ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]'', co-starring [[Vicky Kaushal]] and [[Kiara Advani]], which released on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-kiara-advani-and-bhumi-pednekars-govinda-naam-mera-to-release-on-december-16/articleshow/95596278.cms|title=Vicky Kaushal, Kiara Advani and Bhumi Pednekar's 'Govinda Naam Mera' to release on December 16|work=The Times of India|date=18 November 2022|access-date=18 November 2022}}</ref> ''[[Mid-Day]]''{{'s}} Hiren Kotwani found her "over-the-top" portrayal to be the best performance in a disappointing film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/govinda-naam-mera-movie-review-neither-funny-nor-thrilling-23260990|title='Govinda Naam Mera' movie review: Neither funny nor thrilling|work=Mid Day|date=16 December 2022|access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Bhumi Pednekar at Jio World Plaza launch (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pednekar in 2023]]
In 2023, Pednekar reteamed with Rajkummar Rao in [[Anubhav Sinha]]'s ''[[Bheed]]'', a drama in [[black-and-white]] about the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]].<ref>{{Cite news |title= Anubhav Sinha's Bheed, set during 2020 lockdown, to release on March 24|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/anubhav-sinhas-bheed-set-during-2020-lockdown-to-release-on-march-24/cid/1913725|access-date=24 March 2023 |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref> Reviewers for [[Scroll.in]] and [[Rediff.com]] complimented her for ably supporting Rao's performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1046107/bheed-review-chaos-and-ambivalence-at-a-check-post-aimed-at-tackling-the-covid-outbreak|title='Bheed' review: Chaos and ambivalence at a check post aimed at tackling the Covid outbreak|website=Scroll.in|date=24 March 2023|access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/bheed-review/20230324.htm|title=Bheed Review: Grim Lockdown Nightmare|website=Rediff.com|date=24 March 2023|access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref> She then starred alongside [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] in [[Sudhir Mishra]]'s ''[[Afwaah]]'', a thriller about [[fake news]].<ref name="afw">{{Cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=Bhumi Pednekar kicks off the shoot of Afwaah in Jodhpur |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-kicks-off-shoot-afwaah-jodhpur/ |access-date=20 June 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Both ''Bheed'' and ''Afwaah'' had controversial political themes; they received a limited theatrical release and had poor box office returns.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bheed-struggles-at-box-office-despite-rave-reviews-from-all-corners-11679726196595.html|title=Bheed struggles at box office despite rave reviews from all corners|work=Mint|date=25 March 2023|access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/how-the-kerala-story-multiplied-its-screens-while-afwaah-disappeared-from-theaters-the-curious-case-of-bollywood-box-office-8612151/|title=How The Kerala Story multiplied its screens while Afwaah disappeared from theatres: The curious case of Bollywood box office|work=The Indian Express|date=20 May 2023|access-date=1 September 2023}}</ref> Her next release, the sex comedy ''[[Thank You for Coming]]'', premiered at the [[2023 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Thank You For Coming: Bhumi Pednekar, Shehnaaz Gill's film to release on October 6|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/thank-you-for-coming-poster-rhea-kapoors-film-stars-bhumi-pednekar-shehnaaz-gill-2419196-2023-08-10|magazine=India Today|date=10 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023}}</ref> It marked her first project in which she was cast in an urban setting, but she found it challenging to play a character that came close to her own personality, saying that it required "a lot of [my] own demons [...] to be examined".<ref name="grazia">{{cite magazine|title=Bhumi Pednekar Has Got Game|url=https://www.grazia.co.in/people/bhumi-pednekar-has-got-game-11424.html|magazine=Grazia India|date=15 September 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> Comparing her "vibrant comedic performance" to that of stars [[Carole Lombard]] and [[Goldie Hawn]], [[IndieWire]]'s Marya E. Gates found Pednekar's "irrepressible charm" and "overwhelming beauty" to be the highlight in a mediocre film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gates|first=Marya E.|date=12 September 2023 |title='Thank You for Coming' Review: Hindi Sex Comedy Finds the Elusive Female Orgasm in a Coming-of-Age Tale|url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/thank-you-for-coming-review-1234903879/ |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=IndieWire}}</ref> Though another box office bomb, she received another Best Actress nomination at Filmfare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NO ONE COMING For Thank You For Coming - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8067 |access-date=6 November 2023 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Nominations for the 69th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2024 with Gujarat Tourism: Full list out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-69th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2024-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-63822.html |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |date=15 January 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024 |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115193555/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-69th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2024-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-63822.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She then starred opposite [[Arjun Kapoor]] in the thriller ''[[The Lady Killer (2023 film)|The Lady Killer]]''. The film was released without principal photography being completed and was only given a small release without any marketing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2023 |title=Disaster At The Box Office!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/disaster-at-the-box-office/20231106.htm |access-date=6 November 2023 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> It became one of the biggest box office bombs of Indian cinema, earning less than {{INR|1}} lakh against a production budget of {{INR|45}} crore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |title=India's 'biggest flop' was made in 45 crore, couldn't even earn 1 lakh; released incomplete with 0 promotions because... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-india-s-biggest-flop-the-lady-killer-budget-rs-45-crore-box-office-1-lakh-arjun-kapoor-was-released-incomplete-3067466 |access-date=10 November 2023 |work=DNA India |date=7 November 2023}}</ref>

Pednekar portrayed a journalist in the crime drama ''[[Bhakshak]]'', which released on Netflix in 2024. Filmed in 39 days, it is based on the [[Muzaffarpur shelter case]].<ref name="bhk">{{cite news |title=Bhumi Pednekar wraps up the shoot of Red Chillies Entertainment's Bhakshak in 39 days |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-wraps-shoot-red-chillies-entertainments-bhakshak-39-days/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=21 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Muzaffarpur women's shelter case inspired Netflix's 'Bhakshak'. Here's the story |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/muzaffarpur-womens-shelter-case-inspired-netflixs-bhakshak-heres-the-story-abiout-brajesh-thakur-bhumi-pednekar-aditya-srivastava-sanjay-mishra-netflix-film-2495791-2024-01-31 |work=India Today |date=31 January 2024 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> She described the role as "one of my most mature", causing her to "question my empathy and how I had become so numb towards somebody else’s pain".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhumi Pednekar: 'I don't think I'll ever be able to move on from Bhakshak' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bhumi-pednekar-i-dont-think-ill-ever-be-able-to-move-on-from-bhakshak-9153326/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=PTI |date=9 February 2024 |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta described her as "earnest" and "believable" in a movie that lacked "basic story-telling".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Subhadra |date=9 February 2024 |title=Bhakshak movie review: The Bhumi Pednekar film is saddled with basic story-telling and zero nuance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhakshak-review-bhumi-pednekar-movie-saddled-with-basic-story-telling-and-zero-nuance-9153202/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>

In 2025, Pednekar played a woman with [[retrograde amnesia]] in the romantic comedy ''[[Mere Husband Ki Biwi]]'', co-starring Arjun Kapoor and [[Rakul Preet Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2025|title=Arjun Kapoor, Rakul Preet Singh, Bhumi Pednekar starrer Mere Husband Ki Biwi gets its first poster|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/arjun-kapoor-rakul-preet-singh-bhumi-pednekar-starrer-mere-husband-ki-biwi-gets-first-poster/ |access-date=2 January 2025|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' felt that her "fiery Punjabi character, though fun initially, becomes overbearing after a point".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=21 February 2025|title=Mere Husband Ki Biwi review: Arjun Kapoor shines in this chaotic comedy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/mere-husband-ki-biwi-review-rating-arjun-kapoor-bhumi-pednekar-rakul-preet-2683253-2025-02-21 |magazine=India Today |access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref> It emerged as Pednekar's seventh consecutive box-office bomb.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Riya |date=26 February 2025 |title=Mere Husband Ki Biwi box office collection day 6: Arjun, Bhumi, Rakul's film continues to struggle, earns just ₹57 lakh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mere-husband-ki-biwi-box-office-collection-day-6-arjun-bhumi-rakuls-film-continues-to-struggle-earns-just-57-lakh-101740577614753.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226165312/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mere-husband-ki-biwi-box-office-collection-day-6-arjun-bhumi-rakuls-film-continues-to-struggle-earns-just-57-lakh-101740577614753.html |archive-date=26 February 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref> She next starred as a headstrong business owner who falls in love with a royal (played by [[Ishaan Khatter]]) in the romantic drama series ''[[The Royals (2025 TV series)|The Royals]],'' for Netflix. The series was panned by critics who criticised the chemistry between Pednekar and Khatter.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keswani |first=Pallavi |date=9 May 2025 |title='The Royals' series review: Ishaan Khatter and Bhumi Pednekar fail to hold court in this predictable affair |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-royals-series-review-ishaan-khatter-and-bhumi-pednekar-fail-to-hold-court-in-this-predictable-affair/article69557164.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=10 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Zinia |date=9 May 2025 |title=The Royals review: A royal khichdi with ample hot bods but lacklustre chemistry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/ishaan-khatter-bhumi-pednekar-the-royals-review-lacks-chemistry-visually-grand-2722121-2025-05-09 |magazine=India Today |access-date=9 May 2025}}</ref> [[NDTV]]'s Hardika Gupta felt that Pednekar's performance was particularly disappointing as she has shown previously that "she is capable of far more textured performances".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Hardika |date=9 May 2025 |title=The Royals Review: Ishaan Khatter's Bare Chest Works Overtime In A Show That Doesn't |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-royals-review-ishaan-khatters-bare-chest-works-overtime-in-a-show-that-doesnt-2-stars-8372217 |work=NDTV |access-date=9 May 2025}}</ref> She will next lead the thriller series ''Daldal'' for Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhumi Pednekar 'feels amazing to headline a series' as she opens up about playing a cop in Daldal |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bhumi-pednekar-feels-amazing-headline-series-opens-playing-cop-daldal/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=20 March 2024 |access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref>

== Other work and media image ==
[[File: Actress Bhumi Pednekar at the Master Class on Breaking Stereotypes, during the 48th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2017), in Panaji, Goa on November 25, 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Pednekar in 2017]]

The journalist Priyanka Roy of ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'' wrote in 2019 that Pednekar specialises in playing "women of fortitude with a strong moral fibre, mostly hailing from small towns".<ref name="tele">{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Priyanka |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-many-faces-personas-and-roles-of-the-versatile-bhumi-pednekar/cid/1734930 |title=Bhumi Pednekar: The shape shifter |date=12 January 2020 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112152023/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-many-faces-personas-and-roles-of-the-versatile-bhumi-pednekar/cid/1734930 |url-status=live}}</ref> She was featured by ''[[Forbes India]]'' in their [[Forbes 30 Under 30|30 Under 30]] list of 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/30-under-30-2018/1679/1 |title=30 Under 30 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |work=Forbes India |archive-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903094444/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/30-under-30-2018/1679/1 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pednekar ranked 5th in ''[[Rediff.com]]''{{'}}s "Best Bollywood Actresses" list of 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/-2020s-10-best-actresses-yearend/20201231.htm |title=2020's 10 BEST ACTRESSES |access-date=15 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903094444/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/special/-2020s-10-best-actresses-yearend/20201231.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> She was featured various times in [[The Times of India|Times' 50 Most Desirable Women]] list. She ranked 40th in 2019 and 39th in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |title=MEET THE TIMES 50 MOST DESIRABLE WOMEN 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/77805527.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The Times Most Desirable Women of 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-woman-of-2020-rhea-chakraborty-living-through-a-trial-by-fire-gracefully/articleshow/83312150.cms |access-date=7 August 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2022}}</ref>

In 2019, Pednekar began a campaign named Climate Warrior to raise awareness on [[environmental protection]] and [[global warming]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/all-about-bhumi-pednekars-impressive-climate-warrior-campaign-37365-1.html |title=All about Bhumi Pednekar's impressive Climate Warrior campaign |date=13 November 2019 |work=Filmfare |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116085446/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/all-about-bhumi-pednekars-impressive-climate-warrior-campaign-37365-1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She is also vocal about issues such as pay parity and has spoken out about the [[gender pay gap]] in Bollywood, calling it "insulting" and "heartbreaking".<ref name="tele" /> In 2020, she teamed with [[MTV India]] for their Nishedh campaign, which aims to create awareness about health issues, including [[reproductive health]], among the youth.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/viacom18-and-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-collaborates-with-partners-for-the-launch-of-mtv-nishedh-campaign/1825189/ |title=Viacom18 and the MTV Staying Alive Foundation collaborates with partners for the launch of MTV Nishedh campaign |date=16 January 2020 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116112850/https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/viacom18-and-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-collaborates-with-partners-for-the-launch-of-mtv-nishedh-campaign/1825189/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She was appointed as the brand ambassador of [[Nykaa]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nykd by Nykaa ropes in Bhumi Pednekar as its brand ambassador |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/nykd-by-nykaa-ropes-in-bhumi-pednekar-as-its-brand-ambassador/92544855 |date=29 June 2022|access-date=6 January 2023 |newspaper= Brand Equity}}</ref> In 2023, she was named by the [[United Nations Development Programme]] as India's first National Advocate for [[Sustainable Development Goals]], to raise awareness on climate change on social media.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gautam|first=Naina|title=There Is Not Enough Climate Related Action: Bhumi Pednekar |url=https://planet.outlookindia.com/interview/there-is-not-enough-climate-related-action-bhumi-pednekar--news-415053 |date=15 April 2023|access-date=28 April 2023 |magazine= Outlook}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Film
! scope="col"|Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]''
| Sandhya Verma
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017
| ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]''
| Jaya Joshi
|
|-
| ''[[Shubh Mangal Saavdhan]]''
| Sugandha Joshi
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Lust Stories]]''
| Sudha Maheshwari
| [[Zoya Akhtar]]'s segment
|-
| rowspan="4"|2019
| ''[[Sonchiriya]]''
| Indumati Tomar
|
|-
| ''[[Saand Ki Aankh]]''
| [[Chandro Tomar|Chandro Dadi]]
|
|-
|''[[Bala (2019 film)|Bala]]''
| Latika Trivedi
|
|-
|''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]''
| Vedika "Guddi" Tripathi
|
|-
| rowspan="4"|2020
| ''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]''
| Devika Bhatt
|
|-
| ''[[Bhoot – Part One: The Haunted Ship|Bhoot]]''
| Sapna Prakashan
|
|-
| ''[[Dolly Kitty Aur Woh Chamakte Sitare]]''
| Kajal "Kitty" Yadav
|
|-
| ''[[Durgamati]]''
| Chanchal Chauhan IAS / Durgamati
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
| ''[[Badhaai Do]]''
| Suman "Sumi" Singh
|
|-
| ''[[Raksha Bandhan (film)|Raksha Bandhan]]''
| Sapna Gupta
|
|-
| ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
| Gauri Waghmare
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
| ''[[Bheed]]''
| Renu Sharma
|
|-
| ''[[Afwaah]]''
| Nivedhita "Nivi" Singh
|
|-
| ''[[Thank You for Coming]]''
| Kanika Kapoor
|
|-
| ''[[The Lady Killer (2023 film)|''The Lady Killer'']]''
| Jansey Burman
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024
| ''[[Bhakshak]]''
| Vaishali Singh
|
|-
| ''[[Khel Khel Mein (2024 film)|Khel Khel Mein]]''
| Sandhya
| Voiceover<ref>{{cite web |last=Seta |first=Fenil |date=15 August 2024 |title=Here's why Ananya Panday, Arjun Kapoor, Bhumi Pednekar, Jimmy Shergill, Aparshakti Khurana, Sunny Singh have been thanked in Khel Khel Mein |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-heres-ananya-panday-arjun-kapoor-bhumi-pednekar-jimmy-shergill-aparshakti-khurana-sunny-singh-thanked-khel-khel-mein/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Mere Husband Ki Biwi]]''
| Prabhleen Kaur Dhillon
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Film
! scope="col"|Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Ref.
|-
| roshan="1"| 2019
| ''Pyaar Actually''
| Shreya
| Anthology series
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Y-Films announces anthology film, Pyaar Actually, starring Bhumi Pednekar, Riteish Deshmukh, Saqib Salim |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/y-films-announces-anthology-film-pyaar-actually-starring-bhumi-pednekar-riteish-deshmukh-saqib-salim-5317171.html |work=Firstpost |date=4 October 2018 |access-date=25 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[The Royals (2025 TV series)|The Royals]]''
| Sophia Kanmani Shekhar
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brzeski |first=Patrick |date=3 February 2025|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/netflix-2025-india-content-slate-films-series-1236125713/ |title=Netflix Unveils 2025 India Content Slate: New Films and Series Announced |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=4 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='The Royals' trailer: Ishaan Khatter, Bhumi Pednekar explore romance, royalty and change |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-royals-trailer-ishaan-khatter-bhumi-pednekar-netflix-zeenat-aman/article69478164.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424161947/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-royals-trailer-ishaan-khatter-bhumi-pednekar-netflix-zeenat-aman/article69478164.ece |archive-date=24 April 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=22 April 2025 |access-date=24 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Daldal (2026 TV series)|Daldal]]''
| DCP Rita Ferreira
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lights, Camera, Action! Bhumi Pednekar commences shoot for 'Daldal' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/lights-camera-action-bhumi-pednekar-commences-shoot-for-daldal/articleshow/110620688.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=ANI |date=1 June 2024 |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Bhumi Pednekar}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|6277267}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|bhumi-pednekar}}
* {{Instagram|id=bhumisatishpednekkar|name=Bhumi Pednekar}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Bhumi Pednekar
|d = yes
|d-search = Q19664326
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Films
}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Bhumi Pednekar
|list=
{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{FilmfareCriticsAwardBestActress}}
{{Screen Award for Best Actress}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{IIFAAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestSupportingActorFemale}}
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pednekar, Bhumi}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Haryanvi people]]

2017–18 Mumbai City FC season

2026-03-15T04:21:16Z

Vaibhu: done

{{Short description|2017–18 football season for Mumbai City Football Club}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Mumbai City FC]]
| season = 2017–18
| owner = {{nowrap|[[Ranbir Kapoor]]}} Bimal Parekh
| manager = [[Alexandre Guimarães]]
| chairman =
| stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
| league = [[Indian Super League|ISL]]
| league result = [[2017–18 Indian Super League|7th]]
| cup1 = [[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
| cup1 result = [[2018 Indian Super Cup|Round of 16]]
| league topscorer = [[Éverton Santos]] {{small|(7 goals)}}
| season topscorer = [[Éverton Santos]] {{small|(8 goals)}}
| highest attendance = 8,597 vs [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] {{small|(14 January 2018)}}
| lowest attendance = 4,222 vs [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] {{small|(22 February 2018)}}
| average attendance = 6,449

| pattern_la1 = _yellowborder
| pattern_b1 = _darkyellowleftsash
| pattern_ra1 = _yellowborder
| pattern_sh1 = _
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = 0040ff
| body1 = 0040FF
| rightarm1 = 0040FF
| shorts1 = 0040FF
| socks1 = 0040FF

| pattern_la2 = _yellowborder
| pattern_b2 = _brredborder
| pattern_ra2 = _yellowborder
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 =
| leftarm2 =
| body2 = FFFFF
| rightarm2 =
| shorts2 =
| socks2 =
| prevseason = [[2016 Mumbai City FC season|2016]]
| nextseason = [[2018–19 Mumbai City FC season|2018–19]]
|updated = 3 March 2018
}}
The '''2017–18 Mumbai City FC season''' was the club's fourth season since its establishment in 2014 and their fourth season in the [[Indian Super League]].

==Background==
{{main|2016 Mumbai City FC season}}
Mumbai City FC finished first in the standings at the end of the [[2016 Indian Super League|2016 ISL]] league stage, thus qualifying for the semifinals for the very first time led by [[Diego Forlán]] who was their marquee player.<ref>{{cite web|title=ISL 2016: Mumbai City book a place in the semi-finals, win comfortably against Chennaiyin FC|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2016-mumbai-city-book-a-place-in-the-semi-finals-win-comfortably-against-chennaiyin-fc-4392031/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=23 November 2016|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref> However they lost in the semifinals to [[Atlético de Kolkata]] 3–2 on aggregate. Coach [[Alexandre Guimarães]] was thus retained for his 2nd term in-charge as the head coach of the club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC re-appoints Alexandre Guimaraes as head coach|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/mumbai-city-fc-re-appoints-alexandre-guimaraes-as-head-coach-4750296/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=14 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC re-appoints Alexandre Guimaraes as head coach for ISL|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/140717/mumbai-city-fc-re-appoints-alexandre-guimaraes-as-head-coach-for-isl.html|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=14 July 2017|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref>

==Transfers==
{{Main|List of 2017–18 Indian Super League season roster changes}}

Due to the [[Indian Super League]] regulation each club was allowed to retain a maximum of two Indian players over the age of twenty-one (21) from previous squad.<ref name="regulation">{{cite web|title=Indian Super League: Player retention rules explained|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-super-league-player-retention-rules-explained/2szy1qshccs517ajgauxbcoc2|work=[[Goal (website)|Goal.com]]|date=1 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref> On 1 July, Mumbai City announced they are retaining goalkeeper [[Amrinder Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC retain goalkeeper Amrinder Singh|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/mumbai-city-fc-retain-goalkeeper-amrinder-singh-4730657/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=1 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref> Franchise announced retention of defensive midfielder [[Sehnaj Singh]] on 7 July.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC retain defensive midfielder Sehnaj Singh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/mumbai-city-fc-retain-defensive-midfielder-sehnaj-singh/articleshow/59490812.cms|work=|date=7 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref> It was officially announced on 24 July that midfielder Rakesh Oram<ref>{{cite web|title=Rakesh Oram retained for season 4|url=https://twitter.com/mumbaicityfc/status/889523840266641408|date=24 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref> was retained by Mumbai City as U21 player.<ref>{{cite web|title=City FC chooses experience and youth|url=http://www.asianage.com/sports/football/240717/city-fc-chooses-experience-and-youth.html|work=[[The Asian Age]]|date=24 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=200 plus Indian Players Vie for Ten ISL Clubs selection|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/5587-200-plus-indian-players-vie-for-ten-isl-clubs-selection|accessdate=27 October 2017|work=Indian Super League|date=19 July 2017}}</ref>

In [[2017–18 ISL Players Draft|ISL players draft]] held on 23 July 2017, Mumbai City picked defender [[Aiborlang Khongjee]] who was loaned out to the franchise by [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] in previous season. Mumbai City added eleven new players from draft, goalkeeper [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]] and [[Kunal Sawant]], defender [[Biswajit Saha]], [[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]] and [[Lalchhawnkima]], midfielder [[Abhinas Ruidas]], [[Sahil Tavora]], [[Sanju Pradhan]] and [[Zakeer Mundampara]] and forward [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] and [[Pranjal Bhumij]]. Defender [[Raju Gaikwad]] made his return who was previously part of Mumbai City squad in [[2014 Mumbai City FC season|2014 season]].<ref name="Draft picks">{{cite news|title=Mumbai City's 2017 ISL Draft Details: Balwant Singh, Arindam Bhattacharya, Sanju Pradhan signed|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-draft-full-details-about-mumbai-city-fcs-picks/1mwjnjom6aodo1ewranxn3rv98|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal.com]]|date=23 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref>

Four players from Mumbai City were signed by other franchises in the draft. Goalkeeper [[Albino Gomes]] and left back [[Sena Ralte]] were signed by [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]. Right back [[Ashutosh Mehta]] was signed by [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]. Right winger [[Jackichand Singh]] was signed by [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]].<ref name="Draft out">{{cite web|title=ISL 2017: Complete list of players drafted by each team|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-isl-2017-complete-list-of-players-drafted-by-each-team-2511323|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=23 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref>

Mumbai City announced re-signing of Romanian central back [[Lucian Goian]] on 26 July.<ref name="Lucian Goian">{{cite web|title=Lucian Goian is back.|url=https://twitter.com/mumbaicityfc/status/890088258666995712|date=26 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref> Retention of Brazilian central back [[Gerson Vieira]] was announced on 27 July.<ref name="Gerson Vieira">{{cite web|title=Gerson Vieira is back to be a part of the meanest defence from #HeroISL season 3.|url=https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/890444929607925761|date=27 July 2017|accessdate=27 October 2017}}</ref> On 3 August, franchise announced signing of Brazilian forward [[Éverton Santos]].<ref name="Éverton Santos">{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC sign Brazilian midfielder Everton Santos|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/indian-super-league-mumbai-city-fc-sign-brazilian-midfielder/114knny6w8a1n1foin9bsn9b24|website=Goal}}</ref> On 4 August, Mumbai City announced signing of Spanish striker [[Rafa Jordà]].<ref name="Rafa Jordà">{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC complete signing of Valencia product Rafa Jorda|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-mumbai-city-fc-complete-signing-of-former-valencia-striker-rafa-jorda|website=Sportskeeda}}</ref> Retention of Brazilian midfielder [[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]] was announced on 7 August.<ref name="Léo Costa">{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC bring back Brazilian midfielder Leo Costa|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/isl-2017-mumbai-city-fc-bring-back-brazilian-midfielder-leo/1m7jev34y3cvt1n813wqfnb1v7|website=Goal|date=7 August 2017}}</ref> On 8 August, signing of Brazilian central back [[Márcio Rosário]] was announced.<ref name="Márcio Rosário">{{cite web|title=Mumbai City sign Brazilian defender Marcio Rosario|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-mumbai-city-sign-brazilian-defender-marcio-rosario|website=Sportskeeda}}</ref> Signing of Indian U23 international [[Davinder Singh (footballer)|Davinder Singh]] was announced on 17 August by the franchise.<ref name="Davinder Singh">{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC sign young defender Davinder Singh for ISL-4!|url=http://www.arunfoot.com/mumbai-city-fc-sign-young-defender-davinder-singh-isl-4/|website=ArunFoot}}</ref> Mumbai City announced signing of Cameroonian midfielder [[Achille Emaná]] on 31 August 2017.<ref name="Achille Emaná">{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC wrap up deal for Cameroonian Achille Emana|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-mumbai-city-fc-wrap-up-deal-for-cameroonian-emana/13cb1mcn67qhp13xk6rt6chxwe|website=Goal}}</ref> On 3 September, Mumbai City announced signing of Brazilian midfielder [[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]] on a season long deal from [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]].<ref name="Thiago Santos">{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC sign Brazilian midfielder Thiago Santos on loan|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-mumbai-sign-thiago-santos-flamengo/1hifu7uera1y71v0zgex36mlus|website=Goal}}</ref>

On 15 February 2018, the club announced that [[Lalchhawnkima]] will be joining [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] for the remainder of the season on loan.<ref name="Lalchhawnkima">{{cite news|last1=Moudgal|first1=Prasen|title=Lalchhawnkima roped in by Aizawl FC for remainder of the season|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-2017-18-lalchhawnmika-roped-in-by-aizawl-fc-for-remainder-of-the-season|accessdate=14 March 2018|agency=Sportskeeda|date=15 February 2018}}</ref>

===In===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!scope="col"|Pos.
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Previous club
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
| [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
| [[FC Pune City]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Raju Gaikwad]]
| [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhinas Ruidas]]
| [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sahil Tavora]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
| [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanju Pradhan]]
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Zakeer Mundampara]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Biswajit Saha]]
| [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranjal Bhumij]]
| [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]
| [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kunal Sawant]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhawnkima]]
| [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft picks"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Lucian Goian]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Perth Glory FC|Perth Glory]]
| 26 July 2017
|<ref name="Lucian Goian"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gerson Vieira]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Clube Atlético Tubarão|Tubarão]]
| 27 July 2017
|<ref name="Gerson Vieira"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Éverton Santos]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santa Cruz Futebol Clube|Santa Cruz]]
|3 August 2017
|<ref name="Éverton Santos"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rafa Jordà]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[UE Llagostera|Llagostera]]
|4 August 2017
|<ref name="Rafa Jordà"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santa Cruz Futebol Clube|Santa Cruz]]
| 7 August 2017
|<ref name="Léo Costa"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Márcio Rosário]]
|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Persela Lamongan]]
|8 August 2017
|<ref name="Márcio Rosário"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Davinder Singh (footballer)|Davinder Singh]]
| [[Minerva Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
|17 August 2017
|<ref name="Davinder Singh"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
! scope="row"|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Achille Emaná]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Gimnàstic de Tarragona|Gimnàstic]]
|31 August 2017
|<ref name="Achille Emaná"/>
|}

===Out===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!scope="col"|Pos.
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|New Club
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gerson Vieira]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Clube Atlético Tubarão|Tubarão]]
| 1 January 2017
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Em busca da recuperação, Brusque recebe o Tubarão pela quarta rodada do Catarinense|url=http://jornaldesantacatarina.clicrbs.com.br/sc/esportes/noticia/2017/02/em-busca-da-recuperacao-brusque-recebe-o-tubarao-pela-quarta-rodada-do-catarinense-9715999.html|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Jornal de Santa Catarina|language=Portuguese|date=8 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Volpato]]
| Released
| 1 January 2017
|
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Diego Forlán]]
| Released
| 1 January 2017
|
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[David Lalrinmuana]]
| [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| 1 January 2017
|<ref>{{cite news|title=East Bengal agree terms with Trinidad and Tobago striker Willis Plaza|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/12/23/30792952/i-league-2016-17-east-bengal-agree-terms-with-trinidad-and|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Goal}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Thiago Cunha]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Londrina Esporte Clube|Londrina]]
| 5 January 2017
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Londrina apresenta seus primeiros reforços para 2017|url=http://www.bonde.com.br/esportes/futebol/londrina-apresenta-seus-primeiros-reforcos-para-2017-431036.html|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Bonde|language=Portuguese|date=4 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Krisztián Vadócz]]
|{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]]
| 11 January 2017
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Vadócz ázsiai BL-indulónál folytatja|url=http://www.csakfoci.hu/nemzetkozi-foci/megvan-vadocz-uj-csapata-azsiai-bl-indulonal-folytatja|website=csakfoci|language=Hungarian|date=11 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santa Cruz Futebol Clube|Santa Cruz]]
| 23 January 2017
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Leo Costa e Éverton Santos negociam saída do Santa Cruz|url=http://jconline.ne10.uol.com.br/canal/esportes/santa-cruz/noticia/2017/07/06/leo-costa-e-everton-santos-negociam-saida-do-santa-cruz-293740.php|website=JC|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Matías Defederico]]
|{{flagicon|ECU}} [[C.D. Universidad Católica del Ecuador|Universidad Católica]]
| 24 January 2017
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Aaron Hughes and Matias Defederico amongsgt stars to find new clubs|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-super-league-2016-aaron-hughes-and-matias-defederico/11rbftc3ta0fr1ikqjqpjqgb1l|website=Goal|date=19 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Lucian Goian]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Perth Glory FC|Perth Glory]]
| 21 March 2017
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Glory sign Romanian defender Lucian Goian until end of season|url=http://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/sport/league-glory-sign-romanian-defender-lucian-goian-end-season/|accessdate=23 October 2017|work=Guardian Express|date=21 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Albino Gomes]]
| [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft out"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashutosh Mehta]]
| [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft out"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Boithang Haokip]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft out"/>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jackichand Singh]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| 23 July 2017
|<ref name="Draft out"/>
|}

===Loan in===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Pos.
!Name
!From
!Date from
!Date to
!Ref
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
! scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]]
| 3 September 2017
| 31 July 2018
|<ref name="Thiago Santos"/>
|}

===Loan out===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Pos.
!Name
!From
!Date from
!Date to
!Ref
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
! scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhawnkima]]
| [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
| 15 February 2018
| 31 July 2018
|<ref name="Lalchhawnkima"/>
|}

==First team==


{{Updated|23 October 2017.}}<ref>{{cite web|title=First Team|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/mumbai-city-fc/squad|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|publisher=ISL Official Website|accessdate=23 October 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:80%;"
|-
! style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center;"| Squad No.
! style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center;"| Name
! style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center;"| Nationality
! style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center;"| Position(s)
! style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center;"| Date of birth (age)
|-
!colspan="5" style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center"| Goalkeepers
|-
| 1
| [[Amrinder Singh]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|05|27}}
|-
| 23
| [[Kunal Sawant]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|08|23}}
|-
| 27
| [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|05|20}}
|-
!colspan="5" style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center"| Defenders
|-
|2
| [[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Full-back (football)|RB]]/[[Centre-back|CB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|09}}
|-
| 3
| [[Márcio Rosário]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Centre-back|CB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|11|21}}
|-
| 4
| [[Gerson Vieira]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Centre-back|CB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|10|04}}
|-
| 6
| [[Raju Gaikwad]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Full-back (football)|RB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|09|25}}
|-
| 16
| [[Biswajit Saha]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Full-back (football)|LB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|15}}
|-
| 18
| [[Lucian Goian]]
| {{flagicon|ROU}}
| [[Centre-back|CB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|02|10}}
|-
| 26
| [[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Full-back (football)|RB]]
| {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|02|12}}
|-
| 31
| [[Lalchhawnkima]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Full-back (football)|RB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|05|31}}
|-
| 32
| [[Davinder Singh (footballer)|Davinder Singh]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Centre-back|CB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|01|1}}
|-
!colspan="5" style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center"| Midfielders
|-
| 8
| [[Sahil Tavora]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Midfielder|CM/AM]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|10|19}}
|-
| 10
| [[Achille Emaná]]
| {{flagicon|CMR}}
| [[Centre midfield|AM]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|06|05}}
|-
| 11
| [[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Midfielder|CM/AM]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|03|03}}
|-
| 12
| [[Sanju Pradhan]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Winger (association football)|RW]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|08|15}}
|-
| 22
| [[Zakeer Mundampara]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|11|09}}
|-
| 28
| [[Sehnaj Singh]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Midfielder|DM]]/[[Full-back (football)|RB]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|07|29}}
|-
| 33
| Rakesh Oram
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]/[[Winger (association football)|RW]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|10|31}}
|-
| 34
| [[Abhinas Ruidas]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Winger (association football)|LW]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|09|12}}
|-
| 40
| [[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Midfielder|AM]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|04|12}}
|-
!colspan="5" style="background:#00f; color:white; text-align:center"| Strikers
|-
| 7
| [[Éverton Santos]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]/[[Winger (association football)|RW/LW]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|10|14}}
|-
| 9
| [[Rafa Jordà]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|10|14}}
|-
| 15
| [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]/[[Winger (association football)|RW/LW]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|12|15}}
|-
| 25
| [[Pranjal Bhumij]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]/[[Midfielder|AM]]/[[Winger (association football)|RW/LW]]
| {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|03|2}}
|}

==Pre-season and friendlies==
Mumbai City FC arranged a 10-day pre-season training camp in [[Pune]] where they used the facilities of [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-mumbai-city-to-kick-start-pre-season-on-september/1omo2me99ixrjz9s2sqyxj3b5|title=Mumbai City to kick-start pre-season on September 24|date=15 September 2017|work=Goal}}</ref> before flying off to [[Valencia]], [[Spain]] for rest of the preseason. In [[Spain]], Mumbai City FC played friendly against Spanish third division sides UE Gandía, [[CD Castellón]], [[CD Alcoyano]], [[UD Alzira]], [[Atlético Levante UD|Levante UD B]], [[Elche CF Ilicitano|Elche CF B]] and Torre Levante CF.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai City FC wins 4, draw 2 matches in pre-season friendlies|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/mumbai-city-fc-wins-4-draw-2-matches-093605050.html|website=yahoo.com|publisher=Indo Asian News Service|accessdate=12 December 2017|location=Valencia, Spain|date=9 November 2017}}</ref>

{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=12 October 2017
|time= 12:00 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1=Mumbai City FC
|score=3–0
|report=[https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/918718002023075840 Report]
|team2=UE Gandía
|goals1=[[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Costa]] {{goal|28}} [[Rafa Jordà|Jordà]] {{goal|30||43}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Valencia]], [[Spain]]
|stadium=Oliva Nova Resort
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=15 October 2017
|time= 18:00 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1=[[CD Castellón]]
|score=1–2
|report=[https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/919817536178475008 Report]
|team2=Mumbai City FC
|goals1=Rubén Fonte {{goal|62}}
|goals2=[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|58}} [[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|T. Santos]] {{goal|80}}
|location=[[Valencia]], [[Spain]]
|stadium=[[Nou Estadi Castàlia]]
|attendance=
|referee=Enrique Lluna Olarte
|result=W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=18 October 2017
|time=15:00 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1=Mumbai City FC
|score=0–0
|report=[https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/921288700461551616 Report]
|team2=[[CD Alcoyano]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location=[[Valencia]], [[Spain]]
|stadium=Oliva Nova Sports Center
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=20 October 2017
|time=16:00 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1=Mumbai City FC
|score=3–1
|report=[https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/921680737979465728 Report]
|team2=[[UD Alzira]]
|goals1=[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{goal|15||59}} [[Sanju Pradhan|Pradhan]] {{goal|36}}
|goals2=Cristian Herrera {{goal|54|pen.}}
|location=[[Valencia]], [[Spain]]
|stadium=Oliva Nova Sports Center
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=27 October 2017
|time=12:00 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1=Mumbai City FC
|score=2–2
|report=[https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/923923575362355202 Report]
|team2=[[Atlético Levante UD|Levante UD B]]
|goals1=[[Gerson Vieira|Vieira]] {{goal|28}} [[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]] {{goal|66}}
|goals2=Joel Rodríguez {{goal|1}} [[Moctar Sidi El Hacen|Hacen]] {{goal|31}}
|location=[[Valencia]], [[Spain]]
|stadium=Oliva Nova Sports Center
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=31 October 2017
|time=14:00 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1=Mumbai City FC
|score=1–2
|report=[https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/925363713284087808 Report]
|team2=[[Elche CF Ilicitano|Elche CF B]]
|goals1=Eduardo Latorre {{goal|28|o.g.}}
|goals2=Nacho Ramón {{goal|36}} Georgi Rusev {{goal|86|pen.}}
|location=[[Valencia]], [[Spain]]
|stadium=Oliva Nova Sports Center
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=3 November 2017
|time=11:30 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1=Mumbai City FC
|score=1–0
|report=[https://twitter.com/MumbaiCityFC/status/925363713284087808 Report]
|team2=Torre Levante CF
|goals1=[[Everton Santos]] {{goal|6}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Valencia]], [[Spain]]
|stadium=Oliva Nova Sports Center
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=W
}}

==Competitions==
===Indian Super League===
{{main|2017–18 Indian Super League}}

====Summary====
=====November=====
Mumbai City started their season against [[Indian Super League|ISL]] debutants [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] on 19 November 2017 in their first away game of the season at the Sree Kanteerava Stadium in Bengaluru. The game began with a lot of physicality from both teams with tackles flying in from both sides. As the match progressed, Bengaluru started showing more flair and came close to opening their account thrice in the span of six minutes. Bengaluru kept seeing more of the ball and while there were a lot of moves that could have potentially ended up in goal, the final pass in the attacking-third seemed to let them down. Consequently, the sides went into the break with the score-line goalless. In the second half, Bengaluru scored their first goal in ISL, courtesy a short corner routine, when [[Edu García]] drilled one past former BFC man Amrinder Singh at the near post at the 67th minute. A defensive mix up between Wadoo and Amrinder in added time meant that [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] could get his name on the scoresheet and sealed a 2–0 victory for Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bengaluru-go-top-of-the-table-with-win-over-mumbai|title=Bengaluru go top of the table with win over Mumbai|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=19 November 2017}}</ref> Mumbai City got their campaign up and running in their first home game of the season with a narrow 2-1 win over [[FC Goa|Goa]] at the [[Mumbai Football Arena]] on 25 November 2017. Everton Santos made the most of a lapse by [[Laxmikant Kattimani]] to open the scoring, while [[Manuel Arana]] came up with the equaliser for Goa four minutes before Thiago Santos came in from the right flank and squeezed the ball through Kattimani's legs to score the winner for the Islanders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mumbai-edge-goa-2-1-to-grab-first-victory-of-the-season|title=Mumbai edge Goa 2-1 to grab first victory of the season|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=25 November 2017}}</ref> Mumbai City next faced [[FC Pune City|Pune City]] in the first 'Maha' derby of the season on 29 November 2017. Pune City used their South American connection to good effect to come from behind and edge Mumbai City FC 2-1 at the [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]] in [[Pune]]. Uruguayan [[Emiliano Alfaro]] bagged a brace in the second half after the home team had gone behind from a sublime Balwant Singh strike in the first.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/alfaros-brace-earns-pune-bragging-rights-in-maha-derby|title=Alfaro’s brace earns Pune bragging rights in Maha derby|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

=====December=====
Mumbai City started the month with an away encounter against previous season runners up [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] on 3 December 2017. [[Mark Sifneos]]’ goal in the first half, which was also Kerala's first of the season, was cancelled out by Balwant Singh's strike in the second. [[C.K. Vineeth]] was booked a second time in the 90th minute following a tussle with Balwant, and was consequently given his marching orders. The match ended in a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-mumbai-share-spoils-after-end-to-end-encounter|title=Kerala, Mumbai share spoils after end-to-end encounter|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=3 December 2017}}</ref> After a poor start to the season with 1 win, 1 draw and 2 losses, Mumbai City next faced [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]], who were on a 3 match winning run on 10 December 2017. Mumbai were awarded a penalty after Balwant Singh was brought down in the box. Emana stepped up to the spot and slotted the ball into the bottom left corner to make it 1-0 for the Islanders, thus scoring the only goal of the game and breaking Chennaiyin's winning streak and securing their 2nd win of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/emanas-penalty-helps-mumbai-beat-chennai|title=Emana’s penalty helps Mumbai beat Chennai|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=10 December 2017}}</ref> Mumbai City then hosted previous seasons' champion [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] on 17 December, who were still winless this season. Amrinder made a couple of good saves to deny ATK a goal. His and Mumbai's resistance finally came to an end in the 54th minute when [[Zequinha]] hit a shot with the outside of his right foot from the left flank. The keeper was unsighted by [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin]], who got a slight touch on the ball to help it through Amrinder's legs and into the net.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/robin-singh-secures-first-win-for-atk|title=Robin Singh secures first win for ATK|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=17 December 2017}}</ref> Mumbai then won an away game against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] on 20 December, after Balwant scored a brace by scoring on either sides of half-time to ensure a 2-0 win for the Islanders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/balwants-brace-sinks-highlanders-at-home|title=Balwant’s brace sinks Highlanders at home|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=20 December 2017}}</ref> In their last game of the year 2017, Mumbai City routed [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]], courtesy a 4–0 scoreline at the Mumbai Football Arena. Lucian Goian and Everton Santos struck in the first half to give Mumbai City a 2 goal cushion. The half, however, ended on a sour note as a tussle between Mumbai's Sehnaj Singh and Delhi's [[Matías Mirabaje|Mirabaje]] earned both a straight red. The second half started with 20 players on the pitch, and it took only four minutes for the home team to score their third. Eleven minutes from time, Emana found Balwant with a lovely chip, who chested the ball down and hit a scuffed shot off his calf, that wrong-footed [[Arnab Das Sharma|Arnab]] to roll over the goal-line, thus adding a fourth goal to Delhi's misery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/rampant-mumbai-put-four-past-hapless-delhi|title=Rampant Mumbai put four past hapless Delhi|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=29 December 2017}}</ref>

=====January=====
Mumbai started the year with an away draw against Jamshedpur. A brace from Thiago Santos ensured that Mumbai will end the first part of their season on the fourth place. Though Mumbai had a good first half of the season, they were not able to replicate that form in the second half of the season after they suffered consecutive defeats against Kerala Balsters and Bengaluru. The only win in the month came against a 10-man Goa, when Balwant scored an all-important 4th goal in the 86th minute in a 7-goal thriller.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mumbai-edge-10-men-goa-in-seven-goal-thriller|title=Mumbai edge 10-men Goa in seven-goal thriller|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=28 January 2018}}</ref>

=====February=====
Like previous months of the season, Mumbai were not able to win the opening encounter of the month, as they lost 2–1 to the ISL debutants Jamshedpur in a home encounter. They then lost their 2nd 'Maha' derby of the season when [[Diego Carlos (footballer, born 1988)|Diego Carlos]] and [[Marcelo Leite Pereira|Marcelinho]] scored a goal in each half to end the match with a 2-0 scoreline. With thi defeat Mumbai's poor run at home continued with their fourth home loss on the trot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/pune-earn-bragging-rights-in-maha-derby|title=Pune earn bragging rights in ‘Maha’ derby|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=11 February 2018}}</ref> As things stood Mumbai needed a string of wins in the remainder of the league season. Mumbai then recorded 2 consecutive wins in the league when they defeated ATK away and NorthEast United on home, courtesy of a late Goian winner, thus keeping their playoff hopes alive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/goians-late-winner-keeps-mumbais-playoff-hopes-alive|title=Goian’s late winner keeps Mumbai’s playoff hopes alive|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=22 February 2018}}</ref> With two games in hand, Mumbai needed victories in both to stand a chance of making the playoffs. They played their next match against bottom placed Delhi Dynamos. Delhi started with a barrage of attacks and took the lead from a simple build-up play as early as in the sixth minute. Mumbai then tried to surge forward in search of the equaliser and got themselves a free-kick on the half-hour mark from just outside the box. Emana stepped up to take it, but his effort deflected off the wall and just over the target for a corner. At half time the scoreline read 1-0 in favour of Delhi. Mumbai started strong in the second half after they equalised just four minutes following the restart. Balwant received the ball on the left side, cut in and fired on goal. [[Xabi Irureta]] got down to make the save, but the rebound fell straight to Everton, who pounced to slot it home. Delhi then racked up 4 goals in the last quarter of an hour to play. [[Lallianzuala Chhangte|Chhangte]] rounded off Amrinder and scored into an empty net. Mumbai could not make the playoffs with the 5-1 rout.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/delhi-pour-cold-water-on-mumbais-playoff-hopes|title=Delhi pour cold water on Mumbai’s playoff hopes|work=Indiansuperleague.com|date=27 February 2018}}</ref>

=====March=====
Mumbai then played their last match of the season against an already qualified Chennaiyin. The match ended 1–0 in favour of Chennaiyin.

====Matches====
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Bengaluru v Mumbai City"
|round = 1
|date = 19 November 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bengaluru-go-top-of-the-table-with-win-over-mumbai Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Edu García|Edu]] {{goal|67}}
*[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|83}} {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2 =
*[[Gerson Vieira|Gerson]] {{yel|15}}
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance = 17,796
|referee = Aurélien Juenkou
|result = L
|motm = [[Sunil Chhetri]] {{nowrap|(Bengaluru FC)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Goa"
|round = 2
|date = 25 November 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 2–1
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mumbai-edge-goa-2-1-to-grab-first-victory-of-the-season Report]
|team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1 =
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|27}}
*[[Márcio Rosário|Rosário]] {{yel|35}}
*[[Everton Santos|E. Santos]] {{goal|60}}
*[[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|T. Santos]] {{goal|88}}
*[[Gerson Vieira|Vieira]] {{yel|90}}
|goals2 =
*[[Narayan Das (footballer)|Das]] {{yel|24}}
*[[Chinglensana Singh (footballer)|C. Singh]] {{yel|61}}
*[[Manuel Arana Rodríguez|Arana]] {{goal|83}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 6,212
|referee = Aurélien Juenkou
|result = W
|motm = [[Everton Santos]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Pune City v Mumbai City"
|round = 3
|date = 29 November 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/alfaros-brace-earns-pune-bragging-rights-in-maha-derby Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Marcos Tébar|Tébar]] {{yel|46}}
*[[Emiliano Alfaro|Alfaro]] {{goal|74|pen.|90}}
|goals2 =
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{goal|15}}
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|45+3}}
|location = [[Pune]]
|stadium = [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]]
|attendance = 8,211
|referee = Raktim Shah
|result = L
|motm = [[Gerson Vieira]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Kerala Blasters v Mumbai City"
|round = 4
|date =3 December 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-mumbai-share-spoils-after-end-to-end-encounter Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Mark Sifneos|Sifneos]] {{goal|14}}
*[[Nemanja Lakić-Pešić|Lakić-Pešić]] {{yel|24}}
*[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{sent off|2|80|89}}
*[[Pritam Kumar Singh|P. Singh]] {{yel|86}}
|goals2 =
*[[Davinder Singh (footballer)|D. Singh]] {{yel|86}}
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{goal|77}}
*[[Abhinas Ruidas|Ruidas]] {{yel|88}}
|location = [[Kochi]]
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance = 35,392
|referee = R. Venkatesh
|result = D
|motm = [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Chennaiyin"
|round = 5
|date = 10 December 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 1–0
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/emanas-penalty-helps-mumbai-beat-chennai Report]
|team2 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|goals1 =
*[[Davinder Singh (footballer)|D. Singh]] {{yel|6}}
*[[Lucian Goian|Goian]] {{yel|19}}
*[[Abhinas Ruidas|Ruidas]] {{yel|53}}
*[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|60|pen.}}
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|70}}
|goals2 =
*[[Iñigo Calderón|Calderón]] {{yel|35}}
*[[Maílson Alves|Maílson]] {{yel|59}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 7,112
|referee = Ranjit Bakshi
|result = W
|motm = [[Achille Emaná]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v ATK"
|round = 6
|date = 17 December 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/robin-singh-secures-first-win-for-atk Report]
|team2 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|goals1 =
*[[Abhinas Ruidas|Ruidas]] {{yel|19}}
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|51}}
*[[Lucian Goian|Goian]] {{yel|70}}
*[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{yel|75}}
|goals2 =
*[[Rupert Nongrum|Nongrum]] {{yel|31}}
*[[Ryan Taylor (footballer, born 1984)|Taylor]] {{yel|68}}
*[[Robin Singh (footballer)|R. Singh]] {{goal|54}}
*[[Debjit Majumder|Majumder]] {{yel|89}}
*[[Ashutosh Mehta|Mehta]] {{yel|90+1}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 8,403
|referee = R. Venkatesh
|result = L
|motm = [[Zequinha (footballer, born 1987)|Zequinha]] {{nowrap|(ATK)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "NorthEast United v Mumbai City"
|round = 7
|date = 20 December 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/balwants-brace-sinks-highlanders-at-home Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Seiminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{yel|69}}
*[[José Gonçalves (footballer)|Gonçalves]] {{yel|69}}
|goals2 =
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{goal|34||68}} {{yel|36}}
*[[Zakeer Mundampara|Mundampara]] {{yel|79}}
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|attendance = 10,353
|referee = Santhosh Kumar
|result = W
|motm = [[Gerson Vieira]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Delhi Dynamos"
|round = 8
|date = 29 December 2017
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 4–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/rampant-mumbai-put-four-past-hapless-delhi Report]
|team2 = [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|goals1 =
*[[Lucian Goian|Goian]] {{goal|12}}
*[[Everton Santos|E. Santos]] {{goal|43||49}}
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{sentoff|0|45+2}}
*[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|54}}
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2 =
*[[Matías Mirabaje|Mirabaje]] {{sentoff|0|45+2}}
*[[Edu Moya]] {{yel|90+1}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 6,129
|referee = Raul Gupta
|result = W
|motm = [[Éverton Santos]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Jamshedpur v Mumbai City"
|round = 9
|date = 5 January 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/azuka-thiago-bag-a-brace-each-in-high-voltage-encounter Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Izu Azuka|Azuka]] {{goal|43|45+1}}
*[[Mehtab Hossain|Hossain]] {{yel|66}}
|goals2 =
*[[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|T. Santos]] {{goal|24|71}}
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{yel|90+5}}
|location = [[Jamshedpur]]
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|attendance = 21,350
|referee = Arumughan Rowan
|result = D
|motm = [[Izu Azuka]] {{nowrap|(Jamshedpur)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Kerala Blasters"
|round = 10
|date = 14 January 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/humes-first-half-winner-helps-kerala-beat-mumbai Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 =
*[[Pranjal Bhumij|Bhumij]] {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2 =
*[[Iain Hume|Hume]] {{goal|23}}
*[[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury|Chowdhury]] {{yel|45+1}}
*[[Lalruatthara]] {{yel|61}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 8,597
|referee = Pranjal Banerjee
|result = L
|motm = [[Iain Hume]] {{nowrap|(Kerala Blasters)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Bengaluru"
|round = 11
|date = 18 January 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 1–3
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/chhetri-nets-brace-against-former-side-as-bengaluru-beat-mumbai Report]
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals1 =
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{yel|38}}
*[[Amrinder Singh|A. Singh]] {{yel|42}}
*[[Davinder Singh (footballer)|D. Singh]] {{yel|45+3}}
*[[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]] {{goal|76}}
|goals2 =
*[[Erik Paartalu|Paartalu]] {{yel|40}}
*[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|43|pen.|52}}
*[[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] {{goal|63}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 6,059
|referee = Santhosh Kumar
|result = L
|motm = [[Sunil Chhetri]] {{nowrap|(Bengaluru)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Goa v Mumbai City"
|round = 12
|date = 28 January 2018
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|score = 3–4
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mumbai-edge-10-men-goa-in-seven-goal-thriller Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Seriton Fernandes|S. Fernandes]] {{sentoff|2|31|48}}
*[[Ferran Corominas|Coro]] {{goal|34||78}}
*[[Manuel Lanzarote|Lanzarote]] {{goal|45+1}} {{yel|72}}
*[[Brandon Fernandes|B. Fernandes]] {{yel|88}}
*[[Mandar Rao Dessai|Dessai]] {{yel|90+5}}
|goals2 =
*[[Everton Santos|E. Santos]] {{goal|36}}
*[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|54|pen.}}
*[[Sahil Tavora|Tavora]] {{yel|62}}
*[[Márcio Rosário|Rosário]] {{yel|66}}
*[[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|T. Santos]] {{goal|70}} {{yel|89}}
*[[Amrinder Singh|A. Singh]] {{yel|76}}
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|81}}
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{goal|86}}
*[[Rafa Jordà]] {{yel|90+7}}
|location = [[Goa]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance = 17,812
|referee = C. R. Srikrishna
|result = W
|motm = [[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Jamshedpur"
|round = 13
|date = 1 February 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jairu-fires-jamshedpur-into-the-top-four Report]
|team2 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|goals1 =
*[[Everton Santos|E. Santos]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2 =
*[[Souvik Chakrabarti|Chakrabarti]] {{yel|30}}
*[[Sanju Pradhan|Pradhan]] {{goal|37|o.g.}}
*[[Bikash Jairu|Jairu]] {{goal|84}}
*[[André Bikey|Bikey]] {{yel|90+3}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 5,138
|referee = Arumughan Rowan
|result = L
|motm = [[Subrata Pal]] {{nowrap|(Jamshedpur)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Pune City"
|round = 14
|date = 11 February 2018
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/pune-earn-bragging-rights-in-maha-derby Report]
|team2 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Diego Carlos (footballer, born 1988)|Diego Carlos]] {{goal|18}}
*[[Marko Stanković|Stanković]] {{yel|40}}
*[[Sarthak Golui|Golui]] {{yel|62}}
*[[Marcelo Leite Pereira|Marcelinho]] {{goal|83}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 6,167
|referee = Raktim Shah
|result = L
|motm = [[Marcos Tébar]] {{nowrap|(Pune City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "ATK v Mumbai City"
|round = 15
|date = 18 February 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/rozario-rafa-help-mumbai-keep-playoff-hopes-alive-at-kolkata Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Ryan Taylor (footballer, born 1984)|Taylor]] {{yel|44}}
*[[Bipin Singh|B. Singh]] {{goal|47}}
*[[Jordi Figueras Montel|Figueras]] {{yel|84}}
|goals2 =
*[[Márcio Rosário|Rosário]] {{goal|32}}
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|40}}
*[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{yel|44}}
*[[Rafa Jordà]] {{goal|53}}
*[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{yel|84}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance = 4,621
|referee = Santhosh Kumar
|result = W
|motm = [[Márcio Rosário]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v NorthEast United"
|round = 16
|date = 22 February 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Mumbai City
|score = 3–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/goians-late-winner-keeps-mumbais-playoff-hopes-alive Report]
|team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|goals1 =
*[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|15}}
*[[Lucian Goian|Goian]] {{yel|35}} {{goal|90+1}}
*[[Everton Santos|E. Santos]] {{goal|54}}
|goals2 =
*[[Lucian Goian|Goian]] {{goal|24|o.g.}}
*[[Gursimrat Singh Gill|Gill]] {{yel|27}}
*[[Sambinha]] {{goal|43}}
*[[Reagan Singh|R. Singh]] {{yel|83}}
*[[Rowllin Borges|Borges]] {{yel|89}}
*[[Seiminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{yel|90+5}}
|location = [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|attendance = 4,222
|referee = Raul Gupta
|result = W
|motm = [[Éverton Santos]] {{nowrap|(Mumbai City)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Delhi Dynamos v Mumbai City"
|round = 17
|date = 27 February 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|score = 5–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/delhi-pour-cold-water-on-mumbais-playoff-hopes Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Nanda Kumar|Kumar]] {{goal|5}}
*[[David Ngaihte|Ngaihte]] {{yel|16}}
*[[Pratik Chowdhary|Chowdhary]] {{sentoff|2|29|77}}
*[[Matías Mirabaje|Mirabaje]] {{goal|73}}
*[[Manuel Arana Rodríguez|Arana]] {{goal|81|pen.}}
*[[Kalu Uche|Uche]] {{goal|84}}
*[[Lallianzuala Chhangte|Chhangte]] {{goal|90+1}}
|goals2 =
*[[Everton Santos|E. Santos]] {{goal|49}}
*[[Sahil Tavora|Tavora]] {{sentoff|2|59|80}}
|location = [[Delhi]]
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = Raktim Shah
|result = L
|motm = [[Matías Mirabaje]] {{nowrap|(Delhi Dynamos)}}
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = "Chennaiyin v Mumbai City"
|round = 18
|date = 3 March 2018
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mihelics-penalty-secures-second-spot-for-chennaiyin Report]
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Rene Mihelič|Mihelič]] {{goal|67|pen.}}
*[[Germanpreet Singh|G. Singh]] {{yel|90+2}}
|goals2 =
*[[Zakeer Mundampara|Mundampara]] {{yel|19}}
*[[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]] {{goal|22}}
*[[Sehnaj Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|83}}
|location = [[Chennai]]
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance = 12,733
|referee = Arumughan Rowan
|result = L
|motm = [[Jaime Gavilán]] {{nowrap|(Chennaiyin)}}
}}

====Table====
{{:2017–18 Indian Super League|showteam=MUM}}

====Results summary====
{{Fb_rs |hw=4 |hd=0 |hl=5 |hgf=12|hga=12|aw=3 |ad=2 |al=4 |agf=13|aga=17}}

====Results by matchday====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b|header=Round

|label1= Ground
| res1=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|A]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|A]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|A]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium|A]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[JRD Tata Sports Complex|A]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Fatorda Stadium|A]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Salt Lake Stadium|A]]/[[Mumbai Football Arena|H]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|A]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|A]]
|label2= Result
| res2=L/W/L/D/W/L/W/W/D/L/L/W/L/L/W/W/L/L
|label3= Position
| res3=10/5/7/6/5/4/3/4/5/5/6/6/7/7/7/6/7/7

|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_18-=red1

|source=[[#Matches|Matches]]
|date=December 2017
}}

===Super Cup===
{{main article|2018 Indian Super Cup}}

====Qualification round====
As one of the bottom four teams in [[Indian Super League]], Mumbai City entered the [[2018 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]] in the qualifier round where they faced [[Indian Arrows]] for a spot in the Round of 16. The match began with Mumbai on the front foot as expected. Leo Costa and Balwant Singh had early opportunities, while Everton came the nearest to scoring when his powerful shot from distance rebounded off the far post. In the second half, the Arrows kept thronging Mumbai's box with well-strung passes and eventually got rewarded in the 77th minute, when Rahul scored an amazing opener. He brilliantly dinked the ball over Goian, raced past him and lodged the ball past Amrinder to take the lead. However, on the 90th minute mark, they ended up giving away a penalty to Mumbai when [[Ashish Rai|Rai]] brought Everton down in the box and Emana made no mistake to convert it from the spot. That proved to be the last piece of action from regulation time as the match entered extra-time. In the first period of the extra time Everton then gave Mumbai the lead with a powerful shot from the edge of the box to enter the last 15 minutes with a one-goal advantage. With that, Mumbai sealed their berth in the pre-quarter finals by winning the match 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supercup.in/news/mumbai-stall-arrows-brilliance-with-a-late-revival|title=Mumbai stall Arrows’ brilliance with a late revival|work=Supercup.in|date=16 March 2018}}</ref>

====Round of 16====
In the round of 16, Mumbai City will meet [[I-League]] side, [[East Bengal F.C.]]

{{football box collapsible
|id = "Mumbai City v Indian Arrows"
|date = 16 March 2018
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = Qualification round
|aet = y
|score = 2–1
|report = http://www.supercup.in/news/mumbai-stall-arrows-brilliance-with-a-late-revival
|team1 = Mumbai City
|goals1 =
*[[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|90+1|pen.}}
*[[Everton Santos|E.Santos]] {{goal|104}}
|team2 = [[Indian Arrows]]
|goals2 =
*[[Aniket Jadhav|Jadhav]] {{yel|68}}
*[[Ashish Rai|Rai]] {{yel|71}}
*[[Rahul Praveen|Praveen]] {{goal|77}}
*[[Boris Singh Thangjam|Thangjam]] {{yel|89}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance =
|referee = Ajitkumar Lairenlakpam
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id = "East Bengal v Mumbai City"
|date = 5 April 2018
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = Round of 16
|score =2–1
|report = [http://www.supercup.in/news/katsumi-al-amna-lead-east-bengals-charge-against-mumbai-city Report]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =[[Katsumi Yusa|Yusa]] {{goal|26}} [[Mahmoud Amnah|Amnah]] {{goal|73}}
|team2 = Mumbai City
|goals2 = [[Achille Emaná|Emaná]] {{goal|22}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}

==Player statistics==
{{updated|16 March 2018}}

''List of squad players, including number of appearances by competition''
{{Efs start|Indian Super League|Super Cup|s=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/mumbai-city/31409/squad/}}
{{Efs player|no=1 |name=[[Amrinder Singh]]|nat=IND|pos=GK|16|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=23|name=[[Kunal Sawant]]|nat=IND|pos=GK|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=27|name=[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]|nat=IND|pos=GK|2|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=2 |name=[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]|nat=IND|pos=DF|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=3 |name=[[Márcio Rosário]]|nat=BRA|pos=DF|10+5|1|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=4 |name=[[Gerson Vieira]]|nat=BRA|pos=DF|17|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=6 |name=[[Raju Gaikwad]]|nat=IND|pos=DF|13+2|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=16|name=[[Biswajit Saha]]|nat=IND|pos=DF|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=18|name=[[Lucian Goian]]|nat=ROU|pos=DF|14+1|2|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=26|name=[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]|nat=IND|pos=DF|9+5|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=32|name=[[Davinder Singh (footballer)|Davinder Singh]]|nat=IND|pos=DF|4|4|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=8|name=[[Sahil Tavora]]|nat=IND|pos=MF|7+1|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=10|name=[[Achille Emaná]]|nat=CMR|pos=MF|16+2|3|1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=11|name=[[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]]|nat=BRA|pos=MF|2+7|1|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=12|name=[[Sanju Pradhan]]|nat=IND|pos=MF|14+3|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=22|name=[[Zakeer Mundampara]]|nat=IND|pos=MF|6+3|0|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=28|name=[[Sehnaj Singh]]|nat=IND|pos=MF|11+2|0|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=34|name=[[Abhinas Ruidas]]|nat=IND|pos=MF|11+1|0|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=7 |name=[[Éverton Santos]]|nat=BRA|pos=FW|18|7|1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=9 |name=[[Rafa Jordà]]|nat=ESP|pos=FW|5+6|1|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=15|name=[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]|nat=IND|pos=FW|15+1|6|1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=17|name=[[Pranjal Bhumij]]|nat=IND|pos=FW|0+6|0|0+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=33|name=Rakesh Oram|nat=IND|pos=FW|0|0|0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=40|name=[[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]]|nat=BRA|pos=FW|8+5|4|0|0}}
|}

===Top scorers===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}
!width=150|Player
!width=80|ISL
!width=80|Super Cup
!width=80|Total
|-
|'''1'''
|7
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|[[Éverton Santos]]
|7
|1
|'''8'''
|-
|'''2'''
|15
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
|6
|0
|'''6'''
|-
|rowspan=2|'''3'''
|10
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|CMR}}
|align=left|[[Achille Emaná]]
|3
|1
|rowspan=2|'''4'''
|-
|40
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|[[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]]
|4
|0
|-
|'''5'''
|18
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|ROU}}
|align=left|[[Lucian Goian]]
|2
|0
|'''2'''
|-
|rowspan=3|'''6'''
|3
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|[[Márcio Rosário]]
|1
|0
|rowspan=3|'''1'''
|-
|9
|[[Forward (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}}
|align=left|[[Rafa Jordà]]
|1
|0
|-
|11
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|[[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]]
|1
|0
|}

Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/mumbai-city/31409/squad/ soccerway] 
Updated: 16 March 2018

===Clean sheets===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
!rowspan="1" !width=15|{{Tooltip|Nat| Nationality}}
!width=150|Player
!width=80|ISL
!width=80|Super Cup
!width=80|Total
|-
|'''1'''
|1
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Amrinder Singh]]
|2
|0
|'''2'''
|-
|'''2'''
|27
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|1
|0
|'''1'''
|}

Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/mumbai-city/31409/squad/ soccerway] 
Updated: 16 March 2018

===Disciplinary record===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
!rowspan="2" !width=15|{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}
!rowspan="2"|Player
!colspan="2"|ISL
!colspan="2"|Super Cup
!colspan="2"|Total
!rowspan="2" style="width: 350px;"|Notes
|-
!width=34; style="background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; style="background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
!width=34; style="background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; style="background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
!width=34; style="background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; style="background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
|-
|'''1'''
|28
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Sehnaj Singh]]
|7
|1
|0
|0
|7
|1
|Missed a game, against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] (4 yellow cards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/northeast-united-v-mumbai-city/preview/encigzvtjcdpye2wvrrsv0zfu|title=ISL 2017: NorthEast United vs Mumbai City - TV channel, stream, kick-off time & match preview|work=Goal.com|date=20 December 2017}}</ref> (20 December 2017) Suspended for 2 games (red card)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-18-delhi-dynamos-matias-mirabaje-and-mumbai-citys/9am2juwnmn81zxquml20zmct|title=ISL 2017-18: Delhi Dynamos' Matias Mirabaje and Mumbai City's Sehnaj Singh suspended and fined|work=Goal.com|date=6 January 2018}}</ref> (January 2018)
|-
|'''2'''
|15
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
|4
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
|Missed a game, against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] (4 yellow cards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/mumbai-city-v-northeast-united/preview/ey47bw7afarazdnss3p87rpt6|title=ISL 2017-18: Mumbai City vs NorthEast United - TV channel, stream, kick-off time & match preview|work=Goal.com|date=22 February 2018}}</ref> (22 February 2018)
|-
|rowspan=5|'''3'''
|3
|DF
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Márcio Rosário]]}}
|3
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|
|-
|10
|FW
|{{flagicon|CMR}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Achille Emaná]]}}
|3
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|
|-
|18
|DF
|{{flagicon|ROU}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Lucian Goian]]}}
|3
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|
|-
|32
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Davinder Singh (footballer)|Davinder Singh]]}}
|3
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|
|-
|34
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Abhinas Ruidas]]}}
|3
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|
|-
|rowspan=3|'''8'''
|1
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Amrinder Singh]]}}
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|
|-
|4
|DF
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Gerson Vieira]]}}
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|
|-
|22
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Zakeer Mundampara]]}}
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|
|-
|'''11'''
|8
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Sahil Tavora]]}}
|1
|1
|0
|0
|1
|1
|Missed a game, against [[Chennaiyin FC]] (red card)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/chennaiyin-v-mumbai-city/preview/f08bom42qpr58f7bq4mpwqrmy|title=ISL 2017-18: Chennaiyin FC vs Mumbai City - TV channel, stream, kick-off time & match preview|work=Goal.com|date=3 March 2018}}</ref> (3 March 2018)
|-
|rowspan=4|'''12'''
|9
|FW
|{{flagicon|ESP}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Rafa Jordà]]}}
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|
|-
|11
|MF
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Léo Costa (footballer, born 1986)|Léo Costa]]}}
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|
|-
|17
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Pranjal Bhumij]]}}
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|
|-
|40
|FW
|{{flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|{{nowrap|[[Thiago Nascimento dos Santos|Thiago Santos]]}}
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|
|}

Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/mumbai-city/31409/squad/ soccerway] 
Updated: 16 March 2018

==See also==
* [[2017–18 in Indian football]]
* [[2017–18 Indian Super League]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Mumbai City FC}}
{{2017–18 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2017-18 Mumbai City FC season}}
[[Category:Mumbai City FC seasons]]
[[Category:2017–18 Indian Super League season by team|Mumbai City]]

Aadukalam

2026-03-14T02:01:08Z

Vaibhu: enhanced references and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Short description|2011 film by Vetrimaaran}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Aadukalam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vetrimaaran]]
| producer = [[S. Kathiresan]]
| writer =
| story = Vetrimaaran
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Vetrimaaran Vikram Sugumaran
}}
| screenplay = Vetrimaaran '''Additional screenplay:''' [[Vikram Sugumaran]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Dhanush]]
*[[Taapsee Pannu|Taapsee]]
*[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]
*[[V. I. S. Jayapalan]]
*[[Aadukalam Naren|Naren]]
*[[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]]
}}
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[Velraj]]
| editing = [[Kishore Te.]]
| studio = {{plainlist|
*Group Companys
*Five Star Films
}}
| distributor = [[Sun Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|1|14}}
| runtime = 154 minutes<ref>{{cite web |title=Aadukalam |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/aadukalam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mjuwmdm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/ptFwn |archive-date=14 Mar 2026 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}10 crore<ref>{{cite web |author=Bhavanishankar, Jyothsna |date=21 December 2010 |title=Vetrimaran Interview |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/new-videos/videos-q1-09/director-interview/vetrimaran.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814061410/http://www.behindwoods.com/new-videos/videos-q1-09/director-interview/vetrimaran.html |archive-date=14 August 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Behindwoods |language=en}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}30 crore<ref name="Taps">{{cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=After Bollywood, Sony Music taps Tamil movie market |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/media/entertainment-/media/after-bollywood-sony-music-taps-tamil-movie-market/articleshow/7459587.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213035001/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/media/entertainment-/media/after-bollywood-sony-music-taps-tamil-movie-market/articleshow/7459587.cms |archive-date=13 February 2011 |access-date=15 October 2011 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|The average exchange rate in 2011 was 51.10 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref name="ex2011">{{cite web |date=18 May 2012 |title=Rupee vs dollar: From 1990 to 2012 |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321115240/http://inwww.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm?print=true |archive-date=21 March 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref>|name=exchange2010}}
}}

'''''Aadukalam''''' ({{audio|Ta-ஆடுகளம்.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{translation|Playground}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[sports film|sports]] [[action drama film]] directed by [[Vetrimaaran]], produced by [[S. Kathiresan]] and distributed by [[Sun Pictures]]. The film stars [[Dhanush]] in the lead role, alongside [[Taapsee Pannu|Taapsee]] (in her Tamil debut), [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]], [[Aadukalam Naren|Naren Narayanan]], and [[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]]. [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] composed the film score and soundtrack.

The film was released on 14 January 2011 to critical acclaim, with critics praising the screenplay, direction and performances (particularly of Dhanush, Jayapalan and Naren). The film won six awards at the [[58th National Film Awards]], including [[National Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]].<ref name="Best Actor National Award">{{cite web |date=31 May 2011 |title='Aadukalam sees Dhanush in his best performance' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-interview-with-vetrimaran/20110531.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103010040/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-interview-with-vetrimaran/20110531.htm |archive-date=3 January 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> The film also won five awards at the [[59th Filmfare Awards South]] – [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematography]]. Based on an online poll by ''[[The Times of India]]'', Vetrimaran was chosen as the best director for ''Aadukalam''.

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=May 2024}}
In [[Madurai]], veteran [[rooster]] trainer Periyasamy aka "Pettaikaaran" and Madurai Central Police Inspector Rathnaswamy are tough competitors in [[Cockfighting in India|cockfights]], and it is often Pettai who wins because nobody knows his way of maintaining the quality of the birds. Rathnasamy and Pettai were once protegees of veteran Doraisamy, who has retired from active competition but is considered the honorary overlord of rooster fighting in south [[Tamil Nadu]].

K. P. Karuppu and Durai are the favourites in Pettai's team. Karuppu is very talented in breeding and training roosters, while Durai is very rich, owns three bars in the town of [[Thiruparankundram]], and is talented in rooster training. One day, during an informal match, local police raid the spot and arrest most of the involved, except Rathnaswamy and Durai who escape. Everyone is released after stern warning from the local police, after intervention from Rathnasamy. Pettai's roosters were abducted by the fleeing men from Rathnasamy's party, and Pettai orders his guys to bring them back by any means. He also asks them to kill any fowl which had bred with his roosters, to prevent the strength of his roosters passing to Rathnasamy's flock. Karuppu goes to the railway colony at night, to retrieve their rooster, since an ally of Rathnasamy lives there. He kills the fowl which had mated with their rooster, and bumps into an [[Anglo-Indian]] girl named Irene. He is smitten with her beauty, but silences her and leaves.

Having been defeated in all earlier bouts with Pettai's roosters, Rathinasamy keeps insisting on having one last fight to win and satisfy his old mother's wish, but Pettai declines to have any more cockfights because he feels that Rathnaswamy has lost faith in his roosters and will be using nefarious methods to win, like the earlier raid.

Karuppu falls in love with Irene, who dislikes him. He does not recognise this initially and keeps following her. One day, the residents of Irene's colony confront him and ask Irene to tell who she is in love with – Karuppu or Dinesh, another man in the locality. She points her finger at Karuppu, and he goes into rapture. She explains later that she had to lie in order to avoid Dinesh, who has been bothering her for a long time. Later, Irene too falls in love with Karuppu.

Meanwhile, Rathnasamy tries to cajole Ayub, Pettai's veterinarian, to convince Pettai for a competition against himself, in exchange for a huge amount. Ayub refuses and insults Rathnasamy. The same night, Ayub is killed in a [[hit and run]] accident. Durai initially suspects Rathnaswamy and all of Pettai's gang wants revenge, but Pettai decides to conduct a state tournament in Ayub's name and provide his family with funds so that Ayub's destitute daughters can be married. He asks permission from Rathnasamy as the police have to permit it, but Rathnaswamy refuses, manhandles him, and berates Pettai as a thief. In a rage, Pettai, suspecting Rathnaswamy of Ayub's murder, agrees to the one-on-one rooster fight that Rathnaswamy has been asking for so long. He bets that he will field his roosters against every rooster that Rathnaswamy brings to the field in the upcoming tournament, and even if one of Pettai's roosters loses against Rathnaswamy's, Pettai will tonsure his head and shave his face, publicly apologise to him, and will quit rooster fights. If Rathnaswamy is not able to beat at least one of his roosters, the same conditions will be applied on him. Finally getting his way, Rathnaswamy permits the tournament.

The grand state tournament is arranged by Pettai's team, getting heavy funds and official permission. In the initial 11 fights, Rathnasamy's roosters are defeated by Pettai's. Rathnasamy brings high-bred roosters from [[Bangalore]] and enters them into the tournament. Seeing the quality of the new roosters, Karuppu asks Pettai to let his rooster fight, but Pettai puts his rooster down and says that he will choose the best-competing rooster himself. Karuppu surreptitiously enters the contest as Pettai's team before Pettai can choose the rooster because he needs to repay Irene for the loan he took to prepare his rooster for the fight. Pettai does not believe in Karuppu and his rooster - announcing that Karuppu will not represent Pettai, and the result of Karuppu's match will not be acknowledged by his team. However, the 'underdog' emerges victorious in three consecutive rounds, despite facing roosters spiked with steroids. Karuppu gets the best coach award of the tournament and wins the bet of {{INRConvert|3|L|year=2011}}.

While initially happy that Karuppu won, Pettai is soon overcome with anger and jealousy. His ego is hurt by the fact that Karuppu earned both popularity and money, by refuting his judgement. Karuppu is not aware of the changes in Pettai's mind. Karuppu gives Pettai the money from the competition for safekeeping, which he plans to use to start a business, but it goes missing. Pettai also starts spinning stories about his associates and makes everyone suspicious of each other. He incites Karuppu and Durai into pitting their roosters in a fight. Meanwhile, Karuppu's mother dies from the shock of losing all the money. Pettai poisons Durai's roosters, making him suspect Karuppu, who is arrested for this. Pettai then lies to Irene that his wife was in an adulterous relationship with Karuppu. Irene's family also pressures her to move to [[Chennai]], which pushes her into attempting suicide. Pettai, meanwhile, calls Karuppu to a location near a temple and informs Durai about his whereabouts. When Irene recovers, she calls Karuppu and informs him that Pettai is badmouthing him, so Karuppu goes to find Pettai and confront him. Karuppu finds that Pettai was the one who stole his money, and a guilt-ridden Pettai kills himself. Karuppu does not wish to reveal Pettai's scheming against him, so he flees with Irene to start a new life in another city, leaving the money with his friend.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Dhanush]] as K. P. Karuppu{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Taapsee Pannu|Taapsee]] as Irene Claude ([[Dubbing|Dub]]bed by [[Andrea Jeremiah]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/gautaman-bhaskaran-s-review-aadukalam/story-gl2LBByssjGICocdF0wq0O.html|title=Gautaman Bhaskaran's review: Aadukalam|date=3 February 2011|work=Hindustan Times|last=Bhaskaran|first=Gautaman|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210051141/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/gautaman-bhaskaran-s-review-aadukalam/story-gl2LBByssjGICocdF0wq0O.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Durai (Voice Dubbed By [[Samuthirakani]]){{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[V. I. S. Jayapalan]] as Periyasamy "Pettaikaran" (Voice dubbed by [[Radha Ravi]]){{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Aadukalam Naren|Naren]] as Rathnasamy{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]] as Oole{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Meenal]] as Meena{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Sendrayan]] as Nicholas{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Periya Karuppu Thevar]] as Ayub{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Irene's relative
*[[Dinesh Ravi]] as Dinesh{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}
*[[Halwa Vasu]] as Speaker
* [[Munnar Ramesh]] as Rathnasamy's right hand man<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9753&id1=40&issue=20191101|title=ஆட்டுக்குட்டியை ஆட்டை போட்டவர் இவர்தான்! |work=Kungumam |language=Tamil |access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316093908/http://kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9753&id1=40&issue=20191101|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Velraj]] as Police Inspector (special appearance)
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
{{quote box
| quote = A lot of research has gone into the script. I was born and brought up in Chennai and to learn new things, I had to unlearn many. I went to Madurai with a script in mind, but I had to change the script to accommodate reality. To make my film authentic, we have cast people who belong to the [[Subculture|sub-cult]]. I even share credits for scriptwriting with {{sic|Vikram Sukumaran}}, who hails from Madurai.
| source =— Vetrimaaran in an interview with V. Lakshmi of ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref name="TOIVetri">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Aadukalam-is-a-contemporary-film/articleshow/6930057.cms |title='Aadukalam is a contemporary film' |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 November 2010 |access-date=21 August 2015 |first=V. |last=Lakshmi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204083342/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Aadukalam-is-a-contemporary-film/articleshow/6930057.cms |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 35%
}}
Following the success of their 2007 collaboration ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'', the entire team of that film {{mdash}} director [[Vetrimaaran]], lead actor [[Dhanush]], producer [[S. Kathiresan]], and music director [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] {{mdash}} collaborated again for ''Aadukalam''.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}} Vetrimaaran spent a period of two years in [[Madurai]] to understand the local dialect and lifestyle of the people living there. ''Aadukalam'' was the first film of Vetrimaaran to have a production office set up outside of [[Chennai]].<ref name="TOIVetri" /> Vetrimaaran took a year to complete the screenplay, script, and dialogues for ''Aadukalam'' and held a bounded script for the venture, which is considered rare in Tamil films.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}}<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-starts-work-on-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfssChhgji.html|title=Dhanush starts work on Aadukalam|website=[[Sify]]|date=24 February 2009|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123729/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-starts-work-on-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfssChhgji.html|archive-date=21 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vetrimaaran narrated only half of the film's script to Dhanush before the latter was impressed with it and agreed to act in the film.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}} The film was initially titled ''Seval'', but since the rights to the title were already taken by director [[Hari (director)|Hari]] for his [[Seval|project with Bharath]], Vetrimaaran decided to rename his film as ''Aadukalam''.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=514}} Vetrimaaran revealed that the idea of the story was inspired from several international films such as, [[Caché (film)|''Caché'']], ''[[Amores perros]]'', [[Babel (film)|''Babel'']], Tamil films ''[[Thevar Magan]]'', ''[[Virumaandi]]'', ''[[Paruthiveeran]]'' and novels ''[[Roots: The Saga of an American Family]]'' and [[Shantaram (novel)|''Shantaram'']], which mentioned during the end credits.<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Liza |date=2011-07-28 |title=Journey of the mind |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/journey-of-the-mind/article2302077.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625180325/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/journey-of-the-mind/article2302077.ece |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Shriya Saran]] was signed on for the project in February 2008 but eventually pulled out citing schedule conflicts.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-shriya-team-up-news-tamil-kkfub5bcjea.html|title=Dhanush & Shriya team up!|website=[[Sify]]|date=1 February 2008|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123019/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-shriya-team-up-news-tamil-kkfub5bcjea.html|archive-date=21 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In June 2009, [[Trisha Krishnan]], who was selected to replace Saran for the role of Irene, was forced to opt out of the project after her schedule clashed with the allotted dates for her other films, ''[[Namo Venkatesa]]'' (2010) and ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'' (2010).{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/will-trisha-do-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfrLQdjfcf.html|title=Will Trisha do Aadukalam?|website=[[Sify]]|date=27 June 2009|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123735/http://www.sify.com/movies/will-trisha-do-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfrLQdjfcf.html|archive-date=21 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Has-Trisha-opted-out-of-Aadukalam/articleshow/4710059.cms? |title=Has Trisha opted out of Aadukalam? |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 June 2009 |access-date=10 September 2011 |first=Sreedhar |last=Pillai |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515235053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Has-Trisha-opted-out-of-Aadukalam/articleshow/4710059.cms |archive-date=15 May 2018 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> Newcomer [[Taapsee Pannu]], a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] software engineer, was named as her replacement.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-gets-a-punjabi-kudi-as-heroine-news-tamil-kkfr0shheei.html|title=Dhanush gets a Punjabi kudi as heroine|website=[[Sify]]|date=30 September 2009|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123918/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-gets-a-punjabi-kudi-as-heroine-news-tamil-kkfr0shheei.html|archive-date=21 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[R. Parthiban]] was originally offered to portray Karuppu's mentor Pettaikaran, but declined due to scheduling conflicts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=A |first=Ganesh |date=July 23, 2024 |title=ஆடுகளம் படத்தில் நடிக்க வந்த வாய்ப்பு... நோ சொன்ன பார்த்திபன்; அதுவும் இந்த கேரக்டரா? நேஷனல் அவார்டு போச்சே! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/r-parthiban-rejected-aadukalam-movie-gan-sh20h8 |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]] writer and political commentator [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]] portrayed the role, thereby making his debut in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2009 |title=Jayabalan debuts in Kollywood |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Jayabalan-debuts-in-Kollywood/articleshow/4190878.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926213950/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Jayabalan-debuts-in-Kollywood/articleshow/4190878.cms |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=21 August 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Attakathi Dinesh]] makes a small cameo in the film as Dinesh, Karuppu's nemesis when it comes to winning Irene's love.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article590045.ece | title='Theatre made me an actor' | work=[[The New Indian Express]] | date=16 August 2012 | access-date=21 August 2015 | first=Venkadesan | last=S. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821132039/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article590045.ece | archive-date=21 August 2015 | url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]] plays Karuppu's friend Oole while [[Aadukalam Naren|Naren]] appears as Rathnasamy who is Pettaikaran's rival in cockfighting; both actors added the film's title to their stage names.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=512}}

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began in [[Madurai]] in February 2009 with scenes featuring Dhanush being shot.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}}<ref name="autogenerated1" /> The first look of the film was released shortly after the commencement of filming. It featured a series of promotional posters depicting the characters played by Dhanush, Jayapalan and [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-imagegallery-events-jdwmVNfhfce.html?html=5 |title=Aadukalam |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=10 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132907/http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-imagegallery-events-jdwmVNfhfce.html?html=5 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During early stages of production, Dhanush revealed he would play the role of a local cockfighter named K. P. Karuppu, and described the venture as his "dream project".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yatra-is-my-lucky-mascot-Dhanush/articleshow/4825496.cms? |title=Yatra is my lucky mascot: Dhanush |work=[[The Times of India]] |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=28 July 2009 |access-date=10 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113143040/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yatra-is-my-lucky-mascot-Dhanush/articleshow/4825496.cms |archive-date=13 January 2015 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> The cockfight sequences that take place before intermission was filmed for 26 days in a set created by art director [[Jacki (art director)|Jacki]].{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=514}} Filming was completed in August 2010.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}} In addition to being shot in Madurai, some portions were also filmed in [[Thiruparankundram]]. The cockfights were filmed using [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI).{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}

=== Post production ===
The post-production works on the cockfight sequences delayed the film's release.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=513}} The voices for Kishore, Taapsee, and Jayapalan were dubbed by [[Samuthirakani]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]] and [[Radha Ravi]] respectively.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=514}}

== Music ==
{{Main|Aadukalam (soundtrack)}}
[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]'s soundtrack consists of seven tracks. It was released by Sony Music and the audio was launched at a small function at Lady Aandal School auditorium in [[Chennai]] on 1 December 2010.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|date=29 November 2010|title=Aadukalam audio launch on Dec 1|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-audio-launch-on-dec-1-news-tamil-kljkN7igeia.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822012359/http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-audio-launch-on-nov-10-news-tamil-kljkN7igeia.html|archive-date=22 August 2015|access-date=10 September 2011|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The song ''Yathe Yathe'' topped the charts and remained in the No.1 position for nearly five weeks.<ref name="Taps" />


== Release ==
''Aadukalam'' premiered on 12 January 2011 at Four Frames Preview Theatre,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-01-13 |title=Rajinikanth watches Aadukalam twice |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rajinikanth-watches-aadukalam-twice-news-tamil-lbnkeyaegji.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116050053/http://www.sify.com/movies/rajinikanth-watches-aadukalam-twice-news-tamil-lbnkeyaegji.html |archive-date=2011-01-16 |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> and was theatrically released two days later.{{Sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |page=512}} It was distributed by Sun Pictures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saravanan |title=Sun Pictures the film division of Sun TV Network is today one of the leading production houses in the industry. |url=https://www.sun.in/films.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115005834/https://www.sun.in/films.aspx |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=[[Sun TV Network|sun.in]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
The film received critical acclaim from critics and audiences, praising the direction, screenplay and performances (particularly Dhanush, Jayapalan and Naren) and music. ''[[Sify]]'' called it "a gutsy and brilliant film" and mentioned that it " lives up to the expectation that the film carried and the credit goes to Vetrimaran whose research and hard work shows on screen".<ref>{{cite web |title=Aadukalam-Review |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-review-review-tamil-pclxOKbibghba.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814052314/http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-review-review-tamil-pclxOKbibghba.html |archive-date=14 August 2015 |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Karthik Subramanian of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the film stating that "The detailing of every characters in the story is intricate. The narrative moves like a good novel where the first few chapters are all about etching and detailing the players, and the plot and the action unfold much later".<ref>{{cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Karthik |date=22 January 2011 |title='Aadukalam': Fascinating shades of grey |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/aadukalam-fascinating-shades-of-grey/article1111608.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822012742/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/aadukalam-fascinating-shades-of-grey/article1111608.ece |archive-date=22 August 2015 |access-date=22 August 2015 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Pavithra Srinivasan of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' called it "one of Dhanush's best works to date".<ref>{{cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=14 January 2011 |title=Aadukalam is impressive |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-aadukalam/20110114.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822014033/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-aadukalam/20110114.htm |archive-date=22 August 2015 |access-date=10 September 2011 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' rated the film with 44 marks and mentioned that "This arena is new for presenting cultural nuances of a region and changes in human emotions beautifully".{{Sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |page=514}}

=== Box office ===
Made on a budget of {{INRConvert|10|c|year=2011}} including the promotional costs,<ref>{{Cite news |last=G |first=Sai Shyam |date=2011-01-19 |title=Script's a winner |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/Scripts-a-winner/article15524686.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225102259/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/Scripts-a-winner/article15524686.ece |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> the film collected around {{INRConvert|30|c|year=2011}} at the box-office and was declared a success.{{Sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |page=514}} The film had a theatrical run of 50 weeks in 4 theatre centres.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Apr 25, 2011 |title=Aadukalam hits a century! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/aadukalam-hits-a-century/articleshow/8079264.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223094040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/aadukalam-hits-a-century/articleshow/8079264.cms |archive-date=23 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of accolades received by Aadukalam}}

''Aadukalam'' won six awards at the [[58th National Film Awards]] ceremony, thereby sharing the record with ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]'' (2002) for the most National Film Awards won by a Tamil film.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=xvi, introduction}} It won awards under the [[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]] (Vetrimaaran), [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Dhanush), [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay (Original)]] (Vetrimaaran), [[National Film Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] ([[Kishore Te]]) and [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] ([[Dinesh (choreographer)|Dinesh]]) categories with a [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]] being presented to V. I. S Jayapalan.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dff.nic.in/awards.asp | title=58th National Film Awards for 2010 announced | publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] | access-date=19 May 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233408/http://dff.nic.in/awards.asp | archive-date=30 December 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref> The film was nominated in seven categories at the [[59th Filmfare Awards South]], winning [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film – Tamil]] (S. Kathiresan), [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director – Tamil]] (Vetrimaaran), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]] (Dhanush), [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director – Tamil]] (G. V. Prakash Kumar), and [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematographer]] (Velraj).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-winners-list-809.html | title=59th Idea Filmfare Awards South (Winners list) | work=[[Filmfare]]| date=9 July 2012 | access-date=11 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811102950/http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-winners-list-809.html | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms |title=The 59th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011(South) |work=The Times of India |date=8 July 2012 |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811103446/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms |archive-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[6th Vijay Awards]], it was nominated in twenty-two categories and won in five, including [[Vijay Award for Entertainer of the Year|Entertainer of the Year]] (Dhanush), [[Vijay Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Vetrimaaran) and [[Vijay Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (G. V. Prakash Kumar).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/6th-annual-vijay-awards-complete-list-of-winners-483185.html | title=6th Annual Vijay Awards: Complete list of winners | date=19 June 2012 | access-date=11 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811113839/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/6th-annual-vijay-awards-complete-list-of-winners-483185.html | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=dead|website=[[IBNLive]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrxb20U7a98 | title=Vijay Awards 06/30/12 | date=30 June 2012 | publisher=[[YouTube]] | location=[[Chennai]] | access-date=11 August 2015 | archive-date=21 September 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063702/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrxb20U7a98&feature=showob | url-status=live }}</ref> Among other wins, the film received seven [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianmalaysian.com/2012/Star%202012/vikatan_awards.html |title=Vikatan Awards 2011 |publisher=India Malaysia Online |work=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |access-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170516160112/http://indianmalaysian.com/2012/Star%202012/vikatan_awards.html |archive-date=16 May 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> four [[South Indian International Movie Awards]],<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-south-shines/article3581006.ece | title=The South Shines | work=The Hindu | date=28 June 2012 | access-date=11 August 2015 | last=Manigandan | first=K. R. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811115724/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-south-shines/article3581006.ece | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://siima.in/siima-awards.php?year=2012&action=winners | title=SIIMA Awards: 2011 Winners | publisher=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] | access-date=11 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811120512/http://siima.in/siima-awards.php?year=2012&action=winners | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> three [[Mirchi Music Awards South|Mirchi Music Awards]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/tamil/index.html | title=Mirchi Music Awards Background | publisher=[[Radio Mirchi]] | access-date=11 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811130934/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/tamil/index.html | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/tamil/winners.html | title=Mirchi Music Awards Winners | publisher=Radio Mirchi | access-date=11 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811131047/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/tamil/winners.html | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/tamil/listners_choice.html | title=Mirchi Music Awards Listener's Choice | publisher=Radio Mirchi | access-date=11 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811131053/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/tamil/listners_choice.html | archive-date=11 August 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> and one [[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards|Norway Tamil Film Festival Award]], [[Chennai International Film Festival]] Award, and Chennai Times Film Award each.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/spotlight-on-pencamera-relationship/article2740314.ece | title=Spotlight on pen-camera relationship | work=[[The Hindu]] | last=Srinivasan | first=Meera | date=23 December 2011 | access-date=16 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816070626/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/spotlight-on-pencamera-relationship/article2740314.ece | archive-date=16 August 2015 | url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/The-Chennai-Times-Film-Awards-2011/articleshow/14318349.cms |title=The Chennai Times Film Awards 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 June 2012 |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811133040/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/The-Chennai-Times-Film-Awards-2011/articleshow/14318349.cms |archive-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ntff.no/tamil/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%20%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%20-%20%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%20%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE | title=NTFF 2011: Festival Program 20th-25th April | publisher=[[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]] | date=1 April 2011 | access-date=14 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112347/http://www.ntff.no/tamil/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%20%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%20-%20%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%20%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE | archive-date=12 August 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 | title=Tamilar Awards 2011 – Winners of the year | publisher=Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards | date=25 April 2011 | access-date=14 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112339/http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 | archive-date=12 August 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
*{{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Vetrimaaran}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil}}

[[Category:2010s sports drama films]]
[[Category:2011 action drama films]]
[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Cockfighting in film]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vetrimaaran]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Choreography National Film Award–winning choreography]]
[[Category:Films produced by S. Kathiresan]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Films set in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films whose director won the Best Director National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing National Award]]
[[Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay National Film Award]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]
[[Category:Sports action films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language sports drama films]]

Kirloskar Brothers

2026-03-07T21:39:11Z

Vaibhu: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian pump manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Kirloskar Brothers Limited
|logo = Kirloskar Brothers Limited Logo.JPG
|type = [[Public company|Public]]
|foundation = 1888
|traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|500241}}|{{NSE|KIRLOSBROS}}}}
|location = [[Pune, Maharashtra]], India
|area_served = Worldwide
|key_people = [[Sanjay Kirloskar]] ([[Chairman]] & [[Managing Director|MD]])
|num_employees = ~6000
|revenue = [[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|12px]]$700 Million [[United States dollar|USD]]
|industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Pumps]]
|products = {{ubl|[[Pumps]]|[[Foundry]]}}
|homepage = {{url|www.kirloskarpumps.com}}
}}
'''Kirloskar Brothers Limited''' ({{BSE|500241}} {{NSE|KIRLOSBROS}}) is a [[pump]] manufacturing company involved in engineering and manufacture of systems for fluid management.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KRBR.BO |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/KRBR.BO/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=www.reuters.com}}</ref> Established in 1888 in [[Kirloskarvadi]] and [[Incorporation (business)|incorporate]]d in 1920, Kirloskar Brothers Limited is the flagship company of the $2.5 billion [[Kirloskar Group]].<ref name="bare_url">[https://books.google.com/books?id=xcbBEHHI-90C&dq=kirloskar+gita+piramal&pg=PA169 Indian Industrialists]. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 2020-01-31.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Margaret Herdeck |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcbBEHHI-90C&pg=PA141 |title=India's Industrialists |author2=Gita Piramal |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-89410-415-2 |pages=141–}}</ref> Kirloskar Brothers Limited provides fluid management solutions for large infrastructure projects in the areas of water supply, power plants, irrigation, oil & gas and marine & defence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kripalani |first=Manjeet |date=2008-07-02 |title=Stalled Reforms: India's Economy Hits the Wall |language=en |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/business/stalled-reforms-india-s-economy-hits-the-wall-a-563378.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |issn=2195-1349}}</ref> The company engineers and manufactures industrial & petrochemical, agriculture & domestic pumps,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Jason |last2=Alluri |first2=Aparna |date=2012-11-27 |title=Boris Johnson continues to charm and confuse on visit to India |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/nov/27/boris-johnson-charm-visit-india |access-date=2023-04-14 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> valves and hydro turbines.

== History ==
The foundations of Kirloskar Brothers Limited, the flagship company of the [[Kirloskar Group]], were established in 1888 by [[Laxmanrao Kirloskar]] and his partner Ramuanna.<ref name=":0" /> At the end of the 19th century, Laxmanrao worked with his brother, Ramuanna Kirloskar, to buy bicycles in Bombay and sell them in Belgaum, supplementing their income with bicycle lessons. Laxmanrao continued to build his business through partnering with a windmill agency, Samson Windmills, to sell windmills, making steel furniture for the local veterinary hospital, and electroplating a temple in [[Aundh, Pune|Aundh]]. The Aundh electroplating job led to Laxmanrao being tasked with a major project: constructing an assembly hall adjoining the temple. This project fell through, however, in the context of financial uncertainty when the Aundh political leadership changed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kirloskar |first=Shantanu L. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/566225549 |title=Cactus & roses: an autobiography |date=1982 |publisher=C.G. Phadke |oclc=566225549}}</ref> The Kirloskar Brothers went on to create their first successful product, fodder-cutters, whose production grew swiftly, leading to the next product: iron ploughs for the agricultural economy. The 6 iron ploughs they initially manufactured went unsold for nearly two years before a Belgaum farmer (colloquially termed as Mr. Joshi) tested them out and asked the Kirloskar Brothers to fix their plough tips. After improving their ploughs, the Kirloskar Brothers saw great success with their iron plough sales.<ref name=":0" />

A sudden Belgaum Municipality notice forced the Kirloskar Brothers Limited to close down their Belgaum factory. Luckily, Balasaheb Pant Pratinidhi, the same individual who gave Laxmanrao the Aundhi temple assembly hall contract many years earlier, helped the brothers set up a factory in Aundh. In 1910, Laxman and Ramuanna moved to this barren area of 32 acres. The area had no roads, power-lines, and drainage. This factory-village is known as [[Kirloskarwadi|Kirloskarvadi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Athale |first=Gouri Agtey |date=2010-03-11 |title=Kirloskarvadi: Birthplace of engine revolution turns 100 |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/kirloskarvadi-birthplace-of-engine-revolution-turns-100/articleshow/5669720.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-02 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Here, the Kirloskar Brothers moved into various other products that helped farmers. After suffering a shortage of materials during World War I, they introduced new products to the market in the 1920s. They introduced the "Kibro", a small drilling machine, "Kisan" sugar-cane crusher, and new ploughs. In addition to new farmer products, they started to develop other more general machinery to help government and corporations.<ref name=":0" />

In November 1926 at the Industrial Exhibition held in Poona, KBL showcased the first diesel engine and centrifugal pump in India. The make of the engines were of such high quality, that a British officer asked whether they had been imported.<ref name=":0" />

After receiving his bachelor's in mechanical engineering and returning from the United States in 1927, Laxmanrao's son, Shantanu Kirloskar, started to take a more active role in Kirloskar Brothers Limited.<ref name=":0" /> He redesigned the "Kisan" into the "Kamal" sugar-crusher achieving 77% juice extraction, higher than anyone else at the Industrial Exhibition in Kolhapur. During the Great Depression in India, Shantanu focused on developmental work creating water pumps for the Uttar Pradesh government, and a small sugar centrifuge for farmers. Around the 1940s, they started a new venture in Mysore, and established Kirloskar Mysore. This was the first new incorporation after Kirloskar Brothers Limited, and was the precedent for the expansion that would occur under Shantanu.

In 2025, KBL was involved in a legal dispute with Kirloskar Proprietary Ltd. (KPL) regarding the ownership and use of the “Kirloskar” trademark. KPL is the registered proprietor of the trademark, while KBL is a registered user under licensing arrangements within the Kirloskar group.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gawande |first=Priyanka |date=2025-08-22 |title=Kirloskar vs Kirloskar: Setback for Kirloskar Brothers in trademark suit; court cites ‘blatant forum shopping’ {{!}} Company Business News |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/kirloskar-brothers-kbl-kpl-trademark-infringement-suit-11755871333181.html |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2025, KBL filed a trademark infringement suit against Solid State Systems Pvt. Ltd. before the Bengaluru Commercial Court and obtained an ex-parte injunction. The case was filed without the knowledge or consent of KPL, which subsequently sought to be transposed as the plaintiff.<ref name=":1" /> The court allowed the request and removed KBL as the plaintiff, holding that the registered proprietor had the legal standing to pursue the case.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bombay HC upholds Kirloskar Proprietary’s rights on ‘Kirloskar’ brand |url=https://ai.economictimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/bombay-hc-upholds-kirloskar-proprietarys-rights-on-kirloskar-brand/articleshow/122943690.cms |work=economictimes.com}}</ref>

==Research and development==
Kirloskar Brothers Limited carries out research in [[sump pump|sump model]] studies, intake studies analysis using computational [[fluid dynamic]] techniques,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306105959/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUS120791+11-Aug-2008+BW20080811 Kirloskar Brothers Utilize PTC's Pro/Engineer(R)]. Reuters. 11 August 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.terradaily.com/reports/PTC_Pro_Engineer_Used_Indian_Irrigation_Project_999.html PTC's Pro/Engineer Used Indian Irrigation Project]. Terradaily.com. August 13, 2008.</ref> surge analysis, cavitation studies, seismic analysis, vibration analysis, and transient analysis.<ref>[http://www.livemint.com/Companies/9Z4V98rv1qeHB1asG5vXhK/A-thirst-for-knowledge.html A thirst for knowledge: Alok Kirloskar]. Livemint.com. 7 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirloskar Brothers Limited R&D website listing patents and research papers |url=http://xperts.kbl.co.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220215341/http://xperts.kbl.co.in/ |archive-date=20 December 2011 |access-date=17 June 2012}}</ref> The company has 17 patents since 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110318030318/http://turbolab.tamu.edu/articles/24th_international_pump_users_symposium_proceedings Kirloskar Brothers Presents research Paper at Texas A&M University; lecture 4]. turbolab.tamu.edu</ref>

==Major projects==
[[File:Kirloskar Brothers 2020 stampsheet of India.jpg |thumb|upright=2|A 2020 stamp sheet of India dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Kirloskar Brothers. It features the founder [[Laxmanrao Kirloskar]] and the first office of the company, located at [[Kirloskarwadi]]]]

* KBL created the world's largest irrigation project at the time (March 2007). This was the [[Narmada Project]] implemented on behalf of the [[Gujarat Government]].<ref>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-03-21/news/27696356_1_ramesh-mashelkar-india-awards-ceos-agendaa Kirloskar Brothers Limited awarded for creating World largest Irrigation scheme, The Sardar Sarovar Narmada Scheme]{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. ''The Economics Times''. 21 March 2008</ref>
* Kirloskar Brothers has been closely associated with [[India's nuclear program]] and has made canned motor pumps for pumping [[heavy water]] which are deployed at [[Indian Nuclear Power Plants]].<ref>[http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=7125 Eco-friendly canned motor pumps]. projectsmonitor.com {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120907121729/http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=7125 |date=2012-09-07 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ibef.org/download/kirloskar_23oct.pdf Kirloskar pumps in nuclear and overall company details 2006]. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2020-01-31.</ref><ref>[http://www.focus-nuclear.com/pdf/TP_plant.pdf Kirloskar pumps for nuclear plants]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2020-01-31.</ref>
* Kirloskar Brothers Ltd received the [[ASME]] [[N-STAMP]] in 2012 and is the first Indian company in rotating equipment to receive this as well as amongst a few companies in the world to have this [[accreditation]]<ref>[http://www.kirloskarpumps.com/Control/Content/Pdf_718201252002PMFinancialAnalystmeetQ1-July-2012.pdf Kirloskar Brothers. Financial Analysts Meet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710092527/http://www.kirloskarpumps.com/Control/Content/Pdf_718201252002PMFinancialAnalystmeetQ1-July-2012.pdf |date=10 July 2014 }}. kirloskarpumps.com (2012)</ref>
* Kirloskar Brothers Ltd is also one of the first pump companies to have an all women operated and managed manufacturing plant at [[Coimbatore]], which is the second largest metropolitan city of state [[Tamil Nadu]] in India <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035243/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-03/news/30584699_1_tata-cummins-plant-cummins-india-anant-talaulicar Kirloskar Brothers changing gender dynamics]. ''The Economics Times''. 3 January 2012</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/corporate-industry/kirloskar-plant-women-who-assemble-one-pump-every-20-seconds/slideshow/19416666.cms Kirloskar Brothers Ltd produces a pump every 20 seconds at it all women plant]. ''The Economics Times'' (2013-04-06). Retrieved on 2020-01-31.</ref>
* Kirloskar Brothers Ltd aided the Thai government in the 2018 [[Tham Luang cave rescue]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2018-07-11 |title=Thai cave rescue and the Indian connection |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/thai-cave-rescue-and-the-indian-connection/article24385673.ece |access-date=2023-04-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Acquisitions ==

* In 2003 Kirloskar Brothers Ltd acquired [[Pulsometer steam pump|SPP Pumps]] (UK),<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.spppumps.com/ |website=spppumps.com}}</ref> United Kingdom and established SPP INC, Atlanta, USA, as a wholly owned subsidiary of SPP, UK and expanded its international presence.
* In 2007, Kirloskar Brothers International B.V., The Netherlands and Kirloskar Brothers (Thailand) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary in Thailand were incorporated.
* In 2008, Kirloskar Brothers Ltd incorporated Kirloskar Pompen B.V. which acquired [[Rodelta Pumps International|Rodelta Pumps International B.V.]] in 2015 in The Netherlands.
* In 2010 Kirloskar Brothers Ltd acquired [[Braybar Pumps]], South Africa<ref>{{cite news |date=3 May 2010 |title=Kirloskar Bros buys Braybar Pumps of S Africa |work=[[India Times]] |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-05-03/news/27569275_1_kb-mining-industry-braybar-pumps |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812033859/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-05-03/news/27569275_1_kb-mining-industry-braybar-pumps |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 August 2011 |accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref> and in 2012 it established a manufacturing facility in Egypt as SPP MENA. KBL has joint venture cooperation with [[Ebara Corporation|Ebara]], Japan since 1988 under Kirloskar Ebara Pumps Ltd.
* Kirloskar is in licensee agreement with [[Corrocoat]], UK since 2006 called Kirloskar corrocoat Pvt.Ltd.
* Kirloskar Brothers Ltd acquired The [[Kolhapur Steel Limited]] in 2007, [[Hematic Motors]] in 2010.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kirloskarpumps.com Kirloskar Pumps]
* [https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=KBL.NS Kirloskar Brothers Limited] on [[Yahoo! Finance]]

[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1888]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Pune]]
[[Category:Pump manufacturers]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1888]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1920]]
[[Category:Kirloskar Group]]

Bath Island

2026-03-06T23:50:37Z

Vaibhu:

{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Karachi}}
'''Bath Island''' ({{langx|ur| باتھ آئی لینڈ}}) is a neighbourhood in [[Clifton, Karachi|Clifton]], [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]].<ref>[http://www.karachicity.gov.pk/town/index.asp?txtTown=Saddar Saddar Town - Government of Karachi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613010729/http://karachicity.gov.pk/town/index.asp?txtTown=Saddar |date=2006-06-13 }}</ref>

There are several ethnic groups including, [[Sindhi people|Sindhis]], [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]], [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]], [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiris]], [[Saraiki people|Seraikis]], [[Pashtun people|Pakhtuns]], [[Baloch people|Balochis]], [[Memon people|Memons]], [[Musta'li|Bohras]] and [[Ismaili people|Ismailis]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighbourhoods of Karachi}}

{{coord|24|50|N|67|02|E|display=title|region:PK_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods of Karachi]]

{{Karachi-geo-stub}}

Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow Assembly constituency

2026-03-06T14:30:31Z

Vaibhu: starting first post from scratch

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 209
| map_image = 209-Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow.svg
| mla = [[Usha Thakur]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Kailash Vijayvargiya]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Indore district|Indore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhar Lok Sabha constituency|Dhar]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Usha Thakur 2.jpg
}}

'''Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in [[central India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|access-date=2018-10-15|title=Chief Electoral Officer:Madhya Pradesh|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/MPGlance.aspx|website=ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in}}</ref><ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/MPAE_2013_stat_report.pdf |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow (constituency number 209) is one of the 8 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Indore district]] and is part of Indore district which comes under [[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhar constituency]].<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
=== Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election!!Member!! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Rustamji Kawasaji Jall
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election!!Member<ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/basoda.html|website=elections.in|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>!! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="3" |Rustamji Kawasaji Jall
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Prakash Chand Sethi
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |Ghanshyam Seth Patidar
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bherulal Patidar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Antar Singh Darbar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Kailash Vijayvargiya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Usha Thakur]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow<ref name="Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |title=Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/dr-ambedkar-nagar-mhow |accessdate=27 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 December 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227083211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/dr-ambedkar-nagar-mhow |archivedate=27 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Usha Thakur]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:102989}}
|percentage = 47.1
|change = -2.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Antar Singh Darbar]]
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:68597}}
|percentage = 31.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ram Kishore Shukla
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:29144}}
|percentage = 13.33
|change = -32.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pradeep Mavi Jays
|votes = {{formatnum:11394}}
|percentage = 5.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1553}}
|percentage = 0.71
|change = -0.36
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:34392}}
|percentage = 15.73
|change = +12.05
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:218667}}
|percentage = 77.89
|change = -1.41
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow<ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Usha Thakur]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:97009}}
|percentage = 49.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Antar Singh Darbar]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:89852}}
|percentage = 46.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2073}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7157}}
|percentage = 3.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:194567}}
|percentage = 79.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow<ref name="election2013"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Kailash Vijayvargiya]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 89,848
|percentage = 51.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Antar Singh Darbar]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 77,632
|percentage = 44.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Arun Singh Chauhan
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 1,092
|percentage = 0.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Premchand Taank
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 870
|percentage = 0.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Onkar Singh Katare
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 646
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,248
|percentage = 1.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 12,216
|percentage = 7.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,73,279
|percentage = 78.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow<ref name="ceo"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Kailash Vijayvargiya]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 67,192
|percentage = 51.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Antar Singh Darbar]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 57,401
|percentage = 44.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Arun Singh Chauhan
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 1,603
|percentage = 1.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Mohammad Sadiq
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 1,450
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Rajesh Nagrale
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,043
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 9,791
|percentage = 7.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,30,349
|percentage = 77.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar]]
* [[Indore]]
* [[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.55|75.76|display=title}}

[[Category:Politics of Indore]]
[[Category:Mhow]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indore district]]

Rishyasringar (1941 film)

2026-03-06T03:40:36Z

Vaibhu: starting first entry added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rishya Sringar
| image = rishyasirungar1941.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = S. Soundararajan
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring =[[Vasundhara Devi]], [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]]
| narrator =
| music = Sarma Brothers [[V. Nagayya]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Tamil Nadu Talkies
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|1941}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Rishyasringar''''' is a 1941 Tamil-language film directed by S. Soundararajan. It stars [[Vasundhara Devi]], [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]] and [[S. Balachander]]. The music score was provided by the Sarma Brothers and [[V. Nagayya]]. Lyrics were written by Papanasam Rajagopala Iyer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rishyasringar 1941|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 November 2009|author=Randor Guy|authorlink=Randor Guy|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/11/27/stories/2009112750361600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714233710/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/11/27/stories/2009112750361600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2010}}</ref>

== Cast ==
Cast according to the songbook:<ref name=songbook>{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNZ0o0RVctVnliTEE/view |title=ரிஸ்ய சிருங்கர் |publisher=Padma Printing Works, 30, Broadway, Madras. |year=1941 |language=ta |type=[[song book]]}}</ref>
{{Col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
* [[S. Balachander|Balachandran]] as Young Rishya Sringan
* [[Ranjan (actor)|R. Ranjan B. A.]] as Rishya Singar
* G. Pattu Iyer as Vibandakar
* T. E. Krishnamachariar as Romapada Rajan
* K. N. Ramamurthi Iyer as Gauthamar
* R. K. Ramasami as Sudevar
* R. B. Yagneshwara Iyer as Pauthayanar
* M. S. Murugesam as Marichan
* T. V. Sethuraman as Subhagu
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
* [[Vasundhara Devi|Vasundhara]] as Maya
* Kumari Murali as Shantha
* [[Kumari Rukmani]] as Padmini
* V. M. Pankajam as Urvasi
* K. N. Kamalam as Sudevi
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0332353}}

[[Category:1941 films]]
[[Category:1941 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1941 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1940s-Tamil-film-stub}}

Sarkari Kelasa Devara Kelasa

2026-03-03T21:33:47Z

Vaibhu: done.

{{Short description|2017 Kannada film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sarkari Kelasa Devara Kelasa
| image =
| caption =
| director = R. Ravindra
| producer = Ashwini Ramprasad
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ravishankar Gowda]],
* [[Samyukta Hornad]]
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
* [[Rangayana Raghu]]
* [[Raju Talikote]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = Manjunath Nayka
| editing = KM Prakash
| studio = Ashwini Recording Company
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|06|02}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sarkari Kelasa Devara Kelasa''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by R. Ravindra, starring [[Ravishankar Gowda]], [[Samyukta Hornad]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] and [[Rangayana Raghu]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-satire-on-vidhana-soudhas-tagline/articleshow/58884136.cms|title=A satire on Vidhana Soudha's tagline|publisher=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=29 May 2017}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Ravishankar Gowda]]
* [[Samyukta Hornad]]
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
* [[Rangayana Raghu]]
* [[Raju Talikote]]

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sarkari Kelasa Devara Kelasa
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2017
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:51
| language = Kannada
| label = Times Music
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2016
| year = 2018
| next_title =
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|nyNNGQn5FTs|Sarkari Kelasa Devara Kelasa - Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:51
| title1 = Bollolleva Bollolli
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length1 = 5:05
| title2 = Kannu Hodibedi
| extra2 = Arjun Janya
| length2 = 4:39
| title3 = Daggalbaaji
| extra3 = Chandan Shetty
| length3 = 2:46
| title4 = Sarkarada Kelasa
| extra4 = Vijay Prakash
| length4 = 3:10
| title5 = Sadaa Noduve
| extra5 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| length5 = 4:10
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "This might not be the most obvious choice for this weekend watch, but it doesn't disappoint either if one overlooks a few bits".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sarkari-kelasa-devara-kelasa/movie-review/58959629.cms?from=mdr|title=SARKARI KELASA DEVARA KELASA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> Rakesh Mehar of [[The News Minute]] says "SKDK could have been an excellent benchmark for satire in Kannada cinema. Sadly, it never tries too hard to reach any of its potential high points"..<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/review-well-goes-missing-sarkari-kelasa-devara-kelasa-and-film-never-finds-itself-63039?amp|title=Review: A well goes missing in 'Sarkari Kelasa Devara Kelasa', and the film never finds itself|publisher=[[The News Minute]]|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> Shyam Prasad S of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote "There is a good ensemble of actors from Jai Jagadish to Mukyamantri Chandru, but not one of these characters have been fleshed out well. Chandru appears for only a few seconds and Jai Jagadish in a couple of shots. The story is good but this was the wrong way to adapt it into a film".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/sarkari-kelasa-devara-kelasa-movie-review-a-mediocre-rehash/articleshow/58966446.cms|title=Sarkari Kelasa Devara Kelasa movie review: A mediocre rehash|publisher=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> [[Vijaya Karnataka]] scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and says "Guru Prasad's dialogue is tight. The photography is superb. Those who want to see other types of movies other than commercial cinema can see it once".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/review/sarakari-kelasa-devara-kelasa-review/moviereview/58968086.cms|title=ಚಿತ್ರವಿಮರ್ಶೆ: ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ಕೆಲಸ ದೇವರ ಕೆಲಸ|publisher=[[Vijaya Karnataka]]|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010s satirical films]]
[[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language comedy films]]

Chukkalanti Ammayi Chakkanaina Abbayi

2026-03-03T17:42:48Z

Vaibhu: slightly corrected intro after review also to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chukkalanti Ammayi Chakkanaina Abbayi
| image = CACA Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Kanmani (director)|Kanmani]]
| producer = Rajkumar Harwani, Gogineni Srinivas
| writer = Raj Aditya
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Tarun Kumar|Tarun]] [[Vimala Raman]] [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]]
| music = [[Anup Rubens]]
| cinematography =
| editing = Gautham Raju
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|5|25}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Chukkalanti Ammayi Chakkanaina Abbayi''''' is a 2013 Telugu [[romance film]] directed by Kanmani. It stars [[Tarun Kumar|Tarun]] and [[Vimala Raman]] in the lead roles. The music was composed by [[Anup Rubens]]. The film's title is based on the song of the same name from ''[[Abhinandana]]'' (1988).

==Plot==
Sanjay, a carefree guy earning his income from a TV program in Bangkok comes across a medical student called Sameera and promptly woos her, asking her to live in with him, does Sameera agree and what lessons did Sanjay learn forms the basic crux of the plot.

==Cast==
* [[Tarun (actor)|Tarun]] as Sanjay
* [[Vimala Raman]] as Sameera
* [[Brahmanandam]]
* [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]]
* [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]]
* [[Chitram Srinu]]
* Swathi katrapati as a Prema (Sye fame)
* [[Y. Kasi Viswanath]]
* Raksha
* [[Vijay Sai]]
* Santosh Bapi (Guna Fame)

==Soundtrack==
[[Anup Rubens]] has composed the original score and soundtracks for the film. The Music was Released by [[Aditya Music]]

{{Infobox album
| name = Chukkalanti Ammayi Chakkanaina Abbayi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anup Rubens]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded = 2013
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 24:28
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Anup Rubens]]
| prev_title = [[Gunde Jaari Gallanthayyinde]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Bhimavaram Bullodu]]
| next_year = 2014
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:28
| title1 = Cheli Cheli | extra1 = Rahul Aggarwal, [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| lyrics1 = Chinni Charan
| length1 = 4:16
| title2 = Hello I Love You | extra2 = [[Anoop Rubens]], Harshika
| lyrics2 = Rahaman
| length2 = 3:59
| title3 = Kallulona Kallupetti | extra3 = Sri Krishna, Deepthi Madhuri
| lyrics3 = Rahaman
| length3 = 3:41
| title4 = Kammani Oka Korika | extra4 = Shravani, Chorus
| lyrics4 = Rahaman
| length4 = 3:53
| title5 = Dilse Jumorey | extra5 = [[Baba Sehgal]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| lyrics5 = Srinu
| length5 = 3:58
| title6 = Premante Theeyani | extra6 = [[Anoop Rubens]], Chorus
| lyrics6 = Srinu
| length6 = 3:58
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Sanjay and Sameera sort out their problems, one after the other, but the audience watching the movie might find the problems of the pair in love too much of an ordeal to suffer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/chukkalanti-ammayi-chakkanaina-abbayi/movie-review/20271219.cms|title=CHUKKALANTI AMMAYI CHAKKANAINA ABBAYI MOVIE REVIEW|author=Sushil Rao|work=The Times of India|date=25 May 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1582483}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kanmani (director)]]

{{2010s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Sabhaapathy

2026-03-03T02:34:23Z

Vaibhu: starting a entry w/ infobox.

{{Short description|2021 film by R. Srinivasa Rao}}
{{about||1941 Tamil film of the same name| Sabapathy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sabhaapathy
| image = Sabhaapathy poster.jpg
| caption = Official film poster
| director = R. Srinivasa Rao
| writer = R. Srinivasa Rao
| producer = C. Ramesh Kumar
| starring = [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] Preeti Verma
| cinematography = Baskar Arumugam
| editing = [[Leo John Paul]]
| music = [[Sam C. S.|Sam C. S]]
| studio = R K Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2021|11|19|df=y}}
| runtime = 123 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Sabhaapathy''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by debutant R. Srinivasa Rao and produced by R K Entertainment.<ref name="Sify Release date" /> The film stars [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] and Preeti Verma in the lead roles and the music is composed by [[Sam C. S.]]<ref name="ToI Release date" /> The film released theatrically on 19 November 2021 to moderate reviews from critics but ended up as a failure in the box office. The satellite and streaming rights were sold to [[Colors Tamil]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[aha (streaming service)|Aha]] respectively.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Sabapathy
* Preeti Verma as Savithri (Saavi)
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Ganapathy, Sabapathy's father
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Lucky Raja
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Selvam
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Astrologer
* [[Uma (Tamil actress)|Uma]] as Leelavathi, Sabapathy's mother
* [[Swaminathan]] as Rajamani
* Prema Priya as Rajamani's wife
* [[Lollu Sabha Maaran]] as Thief
* [[Pugazh (actor)|Pugazh]] as Ramani
* Vaishnavi Arulmozhi as Manju, Sabapathy's Sister
* [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Savithri's mother
* [[Madurai Muthu]] as Savithri's brother-in-law
* Master Advaith as Young Sabapathy
* K. Bujji Babu as Gopal, vegetable cart
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sabhaapathy
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sam C. S.]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2021
| recorded =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 08:58
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Think Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Enemy (2021 film)|Enemy]]
| prev_year = 2021
| next_title = [[Raajavamsam]]
| next_year = 2021
}}
The soundtrack and score was composed by [[Sam C. S.]]
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Penne Penne
| lyrics1 = [[Sam C. S.]]
| extra1 = [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]]
| length1 = 03:07
| title2 = Mayakkathe Maya Kanna
| lyrics2 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| extra2 = [[Srinisha Jayaseelan]]
| length2 = 04:02
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 07:09
}}

== Reception ==
{{Film and game ratings
| rev1 = [[The Times of India]]
| rev1score = {{Rating|2.5|5}}
| rev2 = [[Sify]]
| rev2score = {{Rating|2|5}}
}}

Siby Jeyya of ''India Herald'' wrote, "Sabhaapathy is one of Santhanam's better films as a leading man."<ref name="IH review" /> Sudhir Srinivasan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Sabhaapathy, begins with the deep voice of a narrator who identifies himself as ‘vidhi’, claiming to ‘play’ with ‘innocent’ people like Sabhaapathy. I imagine that on the day I watched Sabhaapathy, Mr Vidhi had chosen me for his game."<ref name="Ind Exp review" /> Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a rating of 2.5 out on 5 and wrote, "Sabhaapathy is a middling affair. Like a dream that eludes you once you wake up, you forget it the moment you step out of the theatre."<ref name="ToI review" /> [[Sify]] gave a rating of 2 out on 5 and wrote as "sabhaapathy is a below-average comedy entertainer that can be watched for the hilarious comedy combination between Santhanam and the MS Baskar!" and the final verdict as "Tedious".<ref name="Sify review" /> Ranjani krishnakumar of ''Film Companion'' wrote, "Sabhaapathy is a test of patience, even if you generally enjoy Santhanam's brand of humour."

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="ToI Release date">{{Cite news |title=Sabhaapathy to release on November 19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/santhanams-sabhaapathy-to-release-on-november-19/articleshow/87586935.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108132116/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/santhanams-sabhaapathy-to-release-on-november-19/articleshow/87586935.cms |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=8 November 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Sify Release date">{{Cite web |title=Santhanam's 'Sabhaapathy' to release on November 19 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/santhanams-sabhaapathy-to-release-on-november-19-news-tamil-vkxkQXffaihfi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023131239/https://www.sify.com/movies/santhanams-sabhaapathy-to-release-on-november-19-news-tamil-vkxkQXffaihfi.html |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Ind Exp review">{{Cite web |date=20 November 2021 |title=Sabhaapathy' Review: Santhanam's latest hero exercise is another misfire |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/nov/20/sabhaapathy-review-santhanams-latest-hero-exerciseis-another-misfire-2385731.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072519/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/nov/20/sabhaapathy-review-santhanams-latest-hero-exerciseis-another-misfire-2385731.html |archive-date=20 November 2021 |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
<ref name="ToI review">{{Cite news |title=Sabhaapathy Movie Review: Sabhaapathy is a middling affair |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sabhaapathy/movie-review/87802990.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119175728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sabhaapathy/movie-review/87802990.cms |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=19 November 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Sify review">{{Cite web |title=Sabhaapathy review: A fantasy comedy that falls flat |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/sabhaapathy-review-a-fantasy-comedy-that-falls-flat--review-tamil-vltluHfaejfga.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119204615/https://www.sify.com/movies/sabhaapathy-review-a-fantasy-comedy-that-falls-flat--review-tamil-vltluHfaejfga.html |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=19 November 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
<ref name="IH review">{{Cite web |title=Sabhaapathy Review - Santhanam and MSBhaskar scores in this Entertainer! |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994443296/Sabhaapathy-Review-Santhanam-and-MSBhaskar-scores-in-this-Entertainer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202121454/https://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994443296/Sabhaapathy-Review-Santhanam-and-MSBhaskar-scores-in-this-Entertainer |archive-date=2 December 2021 |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=India Herald}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|13885642}}

[[Category:2021 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:2021 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sam C. S.]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Main Khudiram Bose Hun

2026-03-02T10:07:45Z

Vaibhu: Adding new details

{{short description|2017 Indian Hindi-language biopic film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Main Khudiram Bose Hoon
| image = Poster of hindi movie Mai Khudiram Bose Hun.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Manoj Giri
| producer = Ashok Sahni
| studio = Ashok Sahni Films
| starring = [[Rituparna Sengupta]] Sushant Sahni Kanishk Kumar Jain [[Imran Hasnee]]
| music = [[Bapi Tutul]]
| screenplay = [[Dhiraj Mishra]]
| cinematography = S. Kumar Bhagat
| editing =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|08|11}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Main Khudiram Bose Hun''''' ({{translation}} I'm Khudiram Bose) is 2017 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[biographical film]] about [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Indian revolutionary]] leader [[Khudiram Bose]] from [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canindia.com/bollywood-to-make-biopic-on-the-life-of-khudiram-bose-the-freedomfighter/ |title=Bollywood to make biopic on the life of Khudiram Bose: The 'Freedomfighter' |date=10 September 2015 |website=can-india |author=Editor Prerna |access-date=25 December 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823002210/http://www.canindia.com/bollywood-to-make-biopic-on-the-life-of-khudiram-bose-the-freedomfighter/ |archive-date=23 August 2017 }}</ref> Young theatre artiste, Kanishk Kumar Jain to play Bengal teenage rebel, Khudiram Bose.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/young-theatre-artiste-to-play-khudiram-bose/16606194#sthash.cWbiYv7f.dpuf |title=Young theatre artiste to play Khudiram Bose |website=[[Mid-Day]] |author=Sonali Joshi Pitale |date=14 October 2015 |access-date=25 December 2018}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Main Khudiram Bose Hoon is a film about [[Mednipur]] born [[Khudiram Bose]] who was hanged at the age of 18. Khudiram, a teenage student became a martyr by walking on the path of revolution. This freedom fighter would plant bombs near police stations and attack government officials. Eventually, he was arrested on the charges of conducting a series of bomb attacks. The specific bombing for which he was sentenced to death resulted in the deaths of 3 persons.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oyetimes.com/cinema/previews/89975-movie-preview-main-khudiram-bose-hun |title=Movie Preview Main Khudiram Bose Hun |website=oyetimes.com |author=Kiran Arora |date=29 December 2015 |access-date=25 December 2018}}</ref>

==Cast==
* Kanishk Kumar Jain as [[Khudiram Bose]]
* Sushant Sahni as [[Prafulla Chaki]]
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]] as Aprupa Devi (Sister of Khudiram).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/now-a-biopic-on-teenage-martyr-khudiram-bose/16523188 |title=Now, a biopic on teenage martyr Khudiram Bose |website=[[Mid-Day]] |author=Sonali Joshi Pitale |date=10 September 2015 |access-date=25 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Imran Hasnee]] as Amrutlal
* Balendra Singh Balu as [[Hemchandra Kanungo]]
* Rajan Gour as [[Satyendra Nath Bose]]
* Ajit Khare as Lalit (Aprupa's son)
* [[Kanchan Awasthi]] as Nanibala
* [[Roopa Ganguly]] as Sarojini
* [[Akhilesh Jain]] as Advovate
* Azhan Hashmi as Rafeeq
* Megha Joshi as Rafeeq's Wife
* Amitabh Shukla as Sarojini's Son
* Vijay Jorha as Arvindo Ghosh
* Charles Thomson as Collector Woodman
* Vishal Dubey as Upendranath
* Mayank Pandey as Kalichanran
* Virendra Mishra as Varindra Ghosh
* R. Bhakti Klein as Kingsford

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5300674}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|6760143}}
* [https://midnapore.in/main_khudiram_bose_hoon/ ''Main Khudiram Bose Hun''] at midnapore.in

[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s biographical films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1908]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]

Bayaan (film)

2026-03-02T03:59:09Z

Vaibhu: stub

{{Short description|2025 film Indian film by Bikas Ranjan Mishra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bayaan
| image = Bayaan film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Festival release poster
| director = [[Bikas Mishra|Bikas Ranjan Mishra]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shiladitya Bora]]
* Madhu Sharma
* Kunal Kumar
* Anuj Gupta
}}
| writer = Bikas Ranjan Mishra
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Huma Qureshi]]
* [[Chandrachur Singh]]
* [[Sachin Khedekar]]
}}
| music = Ajay Jayanthi
| cinematography = Udit Khurana
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* Platoon One Films
* Summit Studios
* Guidant Films
}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|9|6|[[2025 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 118 minutes
| budget =
}}
'''''Bayaan''''' is a 2025 Hindi [[police procedural]], [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Bikas Mishra|Bikas Ranjan Mishra]]. Starring [[Huma Qureshi]], the film centers on Roohi, a female detective investigating her first case of a prominent cult leader, facing anonymous accusations of sexual abuse, confronts institutional power and reluctant witnesses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/huma-qureshi-unveils-look-bayaan-shares-set-pictures/|title=Huma Qureshi unveils her look for Bayaan, shares set pictures|work=Bollywood Hungama|date= 16 July 2024|access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="lead:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/huma-qureshi-chandrachur-singh-bayaan-1236060667/ |title=Huma Qureshi, Chandrachur Singh to Star in 'Bayaan' From Indian Indie Stalwarts Bikas Mishra and Shiladitya Bora (EXCLUSIVE) |author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=4 July 2024 |access-date= 29 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

The film is selected in the Discovery section of the [[2025 Toronto International Film Festival]] and had its World premiere on 6 September 2025.<ref name="lead:sd">{{cite web |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/toronto-unveils-discovery-selection-with-23-world-premieres/5207225.article |title=Toronto film festival unveils Discovery selection with 23 world premieres |author=John Hazelton |date=23 July 2025 |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Synopsis==

The film is set in a remote town in Rajasthan, where devotion runs deep and silence is must. The story begins when an anonymous letter accuses a revered cult leader of sexual abuse and officer Roohi, a young detective from Delhi is assigned to investigate allegations. As she delves into the case, she confronts the complex power dynamics within the community. Her commitment to justice is tested by the harsh and deep rooted power structures within the town.

==Cast==
* [[Huma Qureshi]] as Roohi Kartar
* [[Chandrachur Singh]] as Cult leader
* [[Sachin Khedekar]]
* [[Avijit Dutt]]
* Sampa Mandal
* Preeti Shukla
* Aditi Kanchan Singh
* Paritosh Sand
* Vibhore Mayank
* Swati Das
* Perry Chhabra

==Production==

The film was produced by [[Shiladitya Bora]] of Platoon One Films and co-produced by Madhu Sharma of Summit Studios and Switzerland-based Sadik Keshwani of Guidant Films. The cinematography of the film was handled by Udit Khurana with editing by [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] and music composed by Ajay Jayanthi.<ref name="tiff:hr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/huma-qureshis-bayaan-to-have-world-premiere-at-toronto-international-film-festival-2025 |title=Huma Qureshi's 'Bayaan' To Have World Premiere at Toronto International Film Festival 2025 |author=Justin Rao|website= [[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date= 28 July 2025 |access-date= 29 July 2025|language=en}}</ref>

The film received backing from the [[International Film Festival Rotterdam]]’s Hubert Bals Fund and was developed through Film Independent’s Global Media Makers LA Residency. During the program, Mishra worked on the screenplay under the mentorship of [[Craig Mazin]], an American writer, director, and producer and, consulted with Jeff Stockwell, a writer; and [https://ruthatkinson.com/ Ruth Atkinson] a Los Angeles-based, script consultant and story editor.<ref name="lead:variety"/>

[[Principal photography]] began in Rajasthan in July 2024,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/huma-qureshi-headline-investigative-drama-bayaan-start-filming-rajasthan/|title=Huma Qureshi to headline investigative drama Bayaan; to start filming in Rajasthan|work=Bollywood Hungama|date= 5 July 2024|access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref> and filming was wrapped up on 12 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/huma-qureshi-wraps-bayaan-joins-bollywoods-league-fierce-screen-female-cops/|title=Huma Qureshi wraps Bayaan, joins Bollywood's league of fierce on-screen female cops |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 September 2024|access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/its-a-wrap-for-huma-qureshis-investigative-drama-bayaan/cid/2047460#goog_rewarded |title=It's a wrap for Huma Qureshi's investigative drama Bayaan |first=Shrestha|last=Mukherjee|date=12 September 2024|access-date=29 July 2025|website= [[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |language=en}}</ref>

On 22 September 2024, the in-production film was presented at the [[Busan International Film Festival#Official divisions|Asian Project Market]] (APM), a pre-market, which is held in Busan, South Korea, in conjunction with the [[Busan International Film Festival]].<ref name="apm:biff">{{cite web |url=https://apm.biff.kr/eng/html/project/list.asp?db_year=2024 |title=Asian Project Market |date=23 September 2024 |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=[[Busan International Film Festival]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/huma-qureshi-starrer-bayaan-selected-busan-international-film-festival-korea/|title=Huma Qureshi starrer Bayaan selected for Busan International Film Festival in Korea|work=Bollywood Hungama|date= 16 August 2024|access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="apm:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/huma-qureshi-bayaan-busan-asian-project-market-1236159579/ |title=Huma Qureshi Leads Police Drama 'Bayaan' at Busan's Asian Project Market|author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=4 October 2024 |access-date= 29 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Release==

''Bayaan'' had its world premiere at the [[2025 Toronto International Film Festival]] on 6 September 2025 in Discovery section.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/huma-qureshi-starrer-bayaan-to-have-world-premiere-at-toronto-international-film-festival-2025/article69849799.ece |title= Huma Qureshi starrer ‘Bayaan’ to have world premiere at Toronto International Film Festival 2025 |date=24 July 2025|access-date=29 July 2025|website= [[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tiff.net/films/bayaan |title=Bayaan|date=12 August 2025|access-date=12 August 2025|website= [[Toronto International Film Festival]] |language=en}}</ref> It was also showcased in the 'A Window on Asian Cinema' section of the [[30th Busan International Film Festival]] on 18 September 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biff.kr/eng/html/program/prog_list.asp?c_idx=416|title=A Window on Asian Cinema |work=[[Busan International Film Festival]] |access-date=August 26, 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bayaan/ ''Bayaan''] at [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/ Bollywood Hungama]
* [https://tiff.net/films/bayaan ''Bayaan''] at [[Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Rajasthan Police]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]

Chicken tikka

2026-02-28T10:42:38Z

Vaibhu: further fixed formatting per sources and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Boneless chicken pieces cooked in a tandoor}}
{{distinguish|Chicken tikka masala|text=[[chicken tikka masala]]}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Chicken tikka
| image = Tandoorimumbai.jpg
| image_size = 240px
| region = [[South Asia]]
| national_cuisine = [[Bangladeshi cuisine|Bangladeshi]], [[Indian cuisine|Indian]], [[Pakistani cuisine|Pakistani]]
| course = [[Hors d'oeuvre]]
| main_ingredient = [[Chicken]], [[dahi (curd)|curd]] ([[yogurt]]), red chili powder, ginger and garlic paste, [[lemon juice]]
| variations = [[Paneer tikka]]
| caption = Chicken tikka
}}

'''Chicken tikka''' is a dish of roasted marinated chicken pieces traditionally cooked in a [[tandoor]]. It is associated with [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughal cuisine]], reflecting Central and South Asian cooking techniques and the use of yogurt-based marinades and spices. It is now popular across South Asia and worldwide. The dish later served as the basis for the British curry [[chicken tikka masala]].”

== History ==

{{further|Mughal cuisine}}

The English word "tikka" is borrowed from Urdu/Hindi (تکہ)/टिक्का ''[[Tikka (food)|tikkā]]'' "small pieces of meat", itself a borrowing from [[Persian language|Classical Persian]] تکه ''tikka'', "pieces".<ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|tikka}}</ref>

Chicken tikka was created in the reign of the Mughal Emperor [[Babur]] (r. 1526–1530) by [[marinating]] pieces of chicken meat in [[Yogurt|yoghurt]] and spices, and then grilling them in a [[tandoor]] oven.{{sfn|Iyer|2022|pp=132–134}}

[[File:Evolution of Chicken Tikka Masala.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|Chicken tikka was created in [[Mughal Empire|Mughal India]] using Persian [[Marination|marinading]] of meat in [[Yogurt|yoghurt]] and Central Asian [[tandoor]] roasting with Indian spices.{{sfn|Iyer|2022|pp=132–134}}<ref name="Collingham 2006">{{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Elizabeth M. |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2006 |pages=27, 232 |isbn=0-19-517241-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/currytaleofcooks00coll |url-access=registration}}</ref> In 20th century Britain, a sauce was added to satisfy the British liking for gravy with meat.<ref name="Godeau 2009">{{cite news |last=Godeau |first=Lucie |date=2 August 2009 |title=Chicken tikka masala claims its origins in Scotland |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|Agence France Presse]] |url=http://www.smh.com.au//breaking-news-world/chicken-tikka-masala-claims-its-origins-in-scotland-20090802-e5mr.html |access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref> The dish has evolved further to a [[taco]] filling in the US,<ref name="Glenn 2022">{{cite book |last=Glenn |first=Jane K. |title=The joy of eating : a guide to food in modern pop culture |date=2022 |isbn=978-1-4408-6210-6 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |pages=238 |oclc=1264746520}}</ref> and to a [[pizza]] topping in India.<ref name="Sen 2004">{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Colleen Taylor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIyV_5wrplMC |title=Food Culture in India |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |year=2004 |isbn=0-313-32487-5 |page=137}}</ref> Tacos originated from Mexico.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/94/1/153/10959/Planet-Taco-A-Global-History-of-Mexican-Food |access-date=2024-07-22 |journal=Hispanic American Historical Review |doi=10.1215/00182168-2390303 |title=Planet Taco: A Global History of Mexican Food |date=2014 |last=Boyer |first=Christopher R. |volume=94 |pages=153–154 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Pizzas originated from Italy.<ref name=Helstosky21>{{cite book |last=Helstosky |first=Carol |title=Pizza: A Global History |date=2008 |publisher=Reaktion |location=London |isbn=978-1-86189-391-8 |pages=21–22}}</ref>]]

== Dish ==

Chicken tikka consists of small pieces of boneless chicken baked after [[marinated|marinating]] in [[Indian spices]] and [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt). It is flavourful and tender, essentially a boneless version of [[tandoori chicken]].<ref name=Curryclub>{{cite book |last=Chapman |first=Pat |author-link=Pat Chapman (food writer) |title=Curry Club Tandoori and Tikka Dishes |year=1993 |publisher=[[Judy Piatkus|Piatkus]] |location=London |isbn=0-7499-1283-9 |pages= }}</ref>

The pieces are brushed with [[ghee]] (clarified butter) at intervals, while being continuously fanned, to increase flavour. It is typically eaten with green [[coriander]] and [[tamarind]] [[chutney]], served with onion rings and lemon, or used in preparing [[chicken tikka masala]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/food-dining/chicken-tikka-recipes.html |title=Chicken Tikka Recipes |date=12 January 2019 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=24 January 2019 |archive-date=24 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124102333/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/food-dining/chicken-tikka-recipes.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths="180" heights="180">
File:Chk Tikka.jpg|Chicken tikka with salad
File:Chickentikka2.jpg|Chicken tikka BBQ style
</gallery>

== Variants ==

It is a dish in [[Punjabi cuisine]].
The Kashmiri version is grilled over red-hot coals, and does not always contain boneless pieces.

A chicken ''tikka'' sizzler has the dish served on a heated plate with onions.

The Afghan variant is less [[spicy]] than those in the Indian subcontinent, and can use beef and lamb in place of chicken.<ref name=London>{{cite book |first=Pat |last=Chapman |author-link=Pat Chapman (food writer) |title=India: Food & Cooking |year=2007 |publisher=[[New Holland Publishers]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-84537-619-2 |pages= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gulf-times.com/story/619496 |title=Popular hariyali chicken tikka is mouthwatering |date=17 January 2019 |website=[[Gulf Times]] |language=en |access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>

[[Curry in the United Kingdom|In Britain]], the dish was transformed in the late 20th century by the addition of tomato, cream, and spices into [[chicken tikka masala]].{{sfn|Iyer|2022|pp=132–134}}

<gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=130 caption="Variants">
File:Chicken tikka biryani.jpg|Chicken tikka [[biryani]]
File:Chicken Tikka Kebab.jpg|Chicken tikka [[kebab]]
File:Zeera-chicken-tikka.jpg|Chicken tikka [[zeera]] (with cumin)
File:Chicken tikka masala (cropped).jpg|[[Chicken tikka masala]]
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Chicken lollipop]]
* [[Çiğ köfte]]
* [[North Indian cuisine]]
* [[Pakistani meat dishes]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book |last=Iyer |first=Raghavan |author-link=Raghavan Iyer (chef) |title=On the Curry Trail: Chasing the Flavor That Seduced the World |publisher=[[Workman Publishing Company|Workman Publishing]] |location=New York |year=2022 |isbn=978-1523511211 |oclc=1374192575}}

{{Chicken dishes}}
{{Indian Dishes}}
{{Pakistani dishes}}

[[Category:Afghan cuisine]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian chicken dishes]]
[[Category:Pakistani chicken dishes]]
[[Category:Grilled skewers]]
[[Category:Baked foods]]

Rajkot Bus Rapid Transit System

2026-02-26T18:21:25Z

Vaibhu: added formatting for consistency and updated info per sources

{{Short description|Bus rapid transit system in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{update|date=August 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2013}}
}}

{{Infobox Public transit
| name = [[Rajkot]] BRTS
| locale = [[Rajkot, India]]
| image =
| caption =
| transit_type = [[Bus rapid transit]]
| began_operation = 1 October 2012<ref name="toia">{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-29/rajkot/34163157_1_10486sq-brts-corridor-brts-bus | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063300/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-29/rajkot/34163157_1_10486sq-brts-corridor-brts-bus | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 February 2013 | title=Rajkot Municipal Corporation to begin buses on BRTS corridor from Monday | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 September 2012 | agency=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd | accessdate=5 January 2013 | author=Parmar,Vijaysinh | location=Rajkot}}</ref>
| system_length = {{convert|10.5|km|mi}}
| lines = 1
| stations = 19 <ref name="toia"/>
| daily_ridership = 15,000-17,000
| operator = Rajkot Rajpath Limited
| map = [[File:Rajpath Rajkot BRTS Blue Line Transit Map.png|250px]]
| map_name = Operational Blue Line Transit Map
| map_state = show
| imagesize =
| alt =
| owner = [[Rajkot Municipal Corporation]]
| area served =
| line_number =
| start =
| end =
| annual_ridership =
| chief_executive =
| website =
| character =
| vehicles =
}}

The '''Rajpath''' or '''Rajkot BRTS''' is a [[bus rapid transit system]] in [[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]], India, operated by Rajkot Rajpath Ltd. and owned by [[Rajkot Municipal Corporation]].<ref name="toia"/><ref name="IE2012">{{cite web | author=India | title=Rajkot BRTS rolls out today,free ride for three months | website=The Indian Express | date=1 October 2012 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/rajkot-brts-rolls-out-today-free-ride-for-three-months/ | accessdate=16 August 2015}}</ref>

==Plan==
[[File:BRT Bus - Rajkot.JPG|thumb|BRT Bus used in Rajkot|left]]
Rajkot City Engineer (Special) Vijay Anadkat has planned a total of 63 km of Rajkot BRTS, out of which he {{Vague|reason=Dunno if this is peculiar writing or self-promotion. Is it this chap planning the corporation planning or executing the project?|date=September 2025}}

{{Promotional section|date=September 2025}}

BRTS in the first phase, which occurred from 2007 to 2011. In the first phase, a 29 km long stretch on a 150-foot (46 m) [[Ring Road]] would be developed. This stretch would be known as Blue Corridor. The BRTS project is being developed as per National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) guidelines. The total project cost for the pilot stretch of 10.7 km of Blue Corridor is Rs. 110 crores.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

The funding for the project would come from the [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission]] (JNNURM). Rajkot falls under city category B for getting financial assistance from the Government of India to implement the project. The funding division for the total project cost will be as shown: Govt. of India (50%), Govt. of Gujarat (20%), RMC (30%) Ministry of Urban Development, the Government of India has already sanctioned Rs. 55 crores to RMC.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Local authorities plan to purchase state-of-the-art buses. The purchase parameters for the buses would be CNG fuel, power steering, high speed, non-polluting fuel, modernized engine technology, GPS-based control, and communication system, and high passenger carrying capacity with comfortable sitting arrangements. The buses will adhere to Urban Bus Specifications published by the Ministry of Urban Development and will follow the latest mandate for emission norms of India as per the Central Pollution Control Board.
Buses Operational on the Corridor
The BRT bus with the right side doors
BRT Bus and the Station Platform at the same level facilitating ease of boarding and alighting.
Bus approaching a station and off-board fare collection at the station.
The Identified Corridors

Initially, 10.70 km-long stretch is constructed from Jamnagar crossroad to Gondal crossroad, covering 18 bus stops as part of Blue Corridor. Then, the work on 9.16 km-long stretch from Jamnagar Road to Morbi Road would be taken up. This would be followed by the construction of a 9.14 km Morbi-Gondal Road stretch.

The next two corridors Green and Red from Arvind Maniyar Nagar to Saurashtra University and Green Land Chowk to Saurashtra University would be taken up at a later stage.

A fleet of 156 luxury buses will run on all three corridors 70 blue, 25 green, and 61 red.

==Corridors for BRTS==

'''Blue Corridor (Ring Road) Corridor:'''

The Ring Road of Rajkot city, which has 45 m width and passes through all important centers of the city, has an excellent opportunity to reduce traffic congestion problems and stress. The length of the ring road is 29.00 km.

'''Ring road which overlays with National Highways 8 B:'''

Out of 29.00 km total length of Ring Road about 9.14 km overlaps with National Highway 8 B. The width of the road in this section is 60 m. The development of National Highway 8 B is carried out by the National Highway Authority under the Prime Minister's National Highway Development Program. The work of development of this stretch is at an advanced stage of completion. This will be considered in Part III of the BRTS program(Phase I). However, at the end of the phase and the start of the BRTS, the NH will be used as a mixed corridor.

'''Ring road which passes through Rajkot Urban Development Area:'''

About 9.16 km of length of ring road falls under RUDA and will be considered as Phase-II of Blue Corridor development.

'''Ring road which passes through Rajkot Municipal Corporation area:'''

[[File:Rajkot BRTS Corridors.jpg|Identified corridors|thumb]]

Out of 29.00 km total length of BRTS, about 10.70 km pass through the RMC area and will be developed in Part I of in first Phase of the BRTS Program. There are eighteen stations in this part of the BRTS section. These are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''No'''
|'''Corridor'''
|-
| '''1<ref name="toia" />'''||RAJKOT
|-
| '''2'''|| Lakhbunglow 80' road
|-
| '''3'''|| Raiya Road Circle
|-
| '''4'''|| Raiya Telephone Exchange
|-
| '''5'''|| Royal Park
|-
| '''6'''|| Big Bazar
|-
| '''7'''|| Nanamava Circle
|-
| '''8'''|| Balaji Hall
|-
| '''9'''|| Mavdi Circle
|-
| '''10'''|| Dhareswar Chowk
|-
| '''11'''|| Tirupati Chowk
|-
| '''12'''|| Jayvijay Hostel
|-
| '''13'''|| Punit Nagar
|-
| '''14'''|| Gondal Road & Ring Road Crossing
|}

'''Green Corridor (North-South Corridor)'''

The north–south corridor provides connectivity to residential areas like Press Colony, Radio Colony, Bajarangwadi, Jam Tower area along Jamnagar road and Panchnath temple area, Limda Chowk area, Moti tank area, Rajput para, Bhaktinagar Circle, Sorathiya wadi circle, Kothariya road, devparachowk, Arvindbhai maniyar quarter, and Kothariya road and National high way crossing. The corridor also provides connectivity to major hospitals like Western Railway Hospital, Civil Hospital, Janana Hospital Madhuram Hospital, etc. The institutional areas like Choudhury High School, Mohandas Gandhi Vidyalaya, Sheth High School, etc. are connected to the corridor the length of this corridor is 12.30 – 16.50 km. 11 stations along the corridor
have been identified at the following locations:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''No'''
|'''Corridor'''
|-
| '''1'''|| Kothriya Road Octroi Naka
|-
| '''2'''|| Nanda Hall Circle
|-
| '''3'''|| Dev Para Chowk
|-
| '''4'''|| Nilkanth Cinema
|-
| '''5'''|| Sorthiya Wadi Chowk
|-
| '''6'''|| Bhakti Nagar Circle
|-
| '''7'''|| Makkam Chowk
|-
| '''8'''|| Satyvijay patel ice Cream Chowk
|-
| '''9'''|| Lodhawad Chowk
|-
| '''10'''|| Malaviya Chowk
|-
| '''11'''|| Limda Chowk
|-
| '''12'''|| Stock Exchange
|-
| '''13'''|| Chaudhary High School
|-
| '''14'''|| Civil Hospital
|-
| '''15'''|| Morbi House
|-
| '''16'''|| Press Colony
|-
| '''17'''|| I.O.C.
|-
| '''18'''|| Jamnagar Road & Ring Road Crossing
|}

'''Red Corridor (East-West Corridor)'''

The east–west corridor is of 16.50 km up ward with 12 stations. It starts from Ambedkar Nagar in the west on Kalavad Road, passes along Mahila College, Kisanpara junction, Race Course junction, Sadar Bazar, Choudhury High School, Civil Hospital, and along Kuvadwa road till Kuvadwa Road-Ring Road junction on the eastern side.

This corridor provides connectivity to development along Kalavad Road areas such as Ambedkar Nagar, Sadguru Nagar, Jalaram Society, Swaminarayan Temple, and residential areas along Sadar Bazar Road and Kuvadwa Road. The corridor also provides connectivity to institutional areas like Virani Science College, Chaudhury High School and public & semi-public institutions such as A.G office, Panchayat office, Police Commissioner's Office, Press area, Stock Exchange, Civil Hospital, District Court and Collector's Office etc. The length of the Red Corridor is 16.50 km. A total of twelve stations along the corridor have been identified at the following locations:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''No'''
|'''Name'''
|-
| '''1'''|| Kalawad Road.Octroi Naka
|-
| '''2'''|| A.G. Society
|-
| '''3'''|| Pushkar Dham
|-
| '''4'''|| B.T.Savani Hospital/University
|-
| '''5'''|| Gangotry Park
|-
| '''6'''|| Raiya Village
|-
| '''7'''|| Aallap Green City
|-
| '''8'''|| Kevallam Chowk
|-
| '''9'''|| Raiya Circle
|-
| '''10'''|| Brahmsamaj Chowk
|-
| '''11'''|| Hanuman Madhi Chowk
|-
| '''12'''|| Amrapali Cinema
|-
| '''13'''|| Kishan Para Chowk
|-
| '''14'''|| Jilla Panchayat Chowk
|-
| '''15'''|| Bahumali Seva Sadan
|-
| '''16'''|| Chaudhry High School Chowk
|-
| '''17'''|| Civil Hospital Chowk
|-
| '''18'''|| Delux cinema
|-
| '''19'''|| Sadguru Ashram
|-
| '''20'''|| Ahmedabad Road & Ring Road Crossing
|}

==See More==
[[Rajkot]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*Rajkot Rajpath qualifies as a semi-finalist for International Transport Forum Award 2013 - ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130522033729/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-08/rajkot/39115569_1_brts-buses-jamnagar-road-chowkdi-gondal-road-chowkdi])
*Free rides in Rajkot BRT discontinued - ([https://archive.today/20130629125634/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-20/rajkot/37199846_1_semi-high-floor-ac-buses-jamnagar-road-chowkdi-brts-corridor])
* The Government of Gujarat gives Rs. 6.90 crores for implementing IT systems in Rajkot BRTS - ([https://archive.today/20130629123726/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-19/rajkot/37842705_1_jamnagar-road-chowkdi-brts-corridor-brts-buses])

==External links==
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Rajkot/Come_2014_BRTS_will_give_city_new_wheels/articleshow/4054677.cms Come 2014, BRTS will give the city new wheels]

{{Bus rapid transit in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajkot Brts}}
[[Category:Rajkot]]
[[Category:Transport in Rajkot]]
[[Category:Bus rapid transit in India]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Gujarat]]

Jigni State

2026-02-24T20:08:56Z

Vaibhu: clean up

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = जिगनी रियासत
|conventional_long_name =Jigni State
|common_name =Jigni
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1730
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1950
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Political integration of India|Accession to India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = Beri-Bijna-Tori Fatehpur map.jpg
|image_map_caption =Jigni State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
|stat_area1 = 57
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 3838
|today = [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Jigni State''' was a [[princely state]] of the [[Bundelkhand Agency]] of the [[British Raj]].
It was a small [[Sanad (deed)|Sanad state]] of about 82.87 km2 with a population of 4,297 inhabitants in 1901. The state was surrounded by the [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]]<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Hamirpur |volume=12 |page=893}}</ref> and [[Jhansi district]]s of the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]].

Its capital was at [[Jigni, Uttar Pradesh|Jigni]], also known as Jigini.<ref>[https://villageinfo.in/uttar-pradesh/hamirpur/rath/jigini.html Jigini Village in Rath (Hamirpur) Uttar Pradesh]</ref> It is a small town —1,770 inhabitants in 1901— located near the confluence of the [[Dhasan River|Dhasan]] and the [[Betwa River]]<ref name="IGI">{{Cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_171.gif |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 165. |access-date=20 February 2021 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528070725/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_171.gif |url-status=dead }}</ref> in present-day Rath [[tehsil]] of Hamirpur district, [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==History==
Jigni State was founded as a [[jagir]] in 1730 by Rao Padam Singh, a [[Rajput]] of the [[Bundela]] clan. He was a son of [[Chhatrasal]], the founder of [[Panna State]]. Originally the ''jagir'' had been larger, but its size was much reduced during the [[Maratha]] invasion in the last half of the eighteenth century.<ref name="IGI"/>

Jigni became a [[British protectorate]] in 1810 under the rule of Pirthi Singh.<ref name="WS"/>
Rao Bhupendra Vijai Singh, the last ruler of Jigni State signed the [[instrument of accession]] to India in 1947, the state becoming part of the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 1 January 1950.<ref name="TGI"/>

===Rulers===
The ruling family were members of the [[Bundela]] clan of [[Rajput]]s.<ref name="TGI">{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jigni.html |title=Jigni Princely State |access-date=21 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710154455/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jigni.html |archive-date=10 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The rulers used the title of ''[[Raja|Rao]]''.<ref name="WS">[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India A-J]</ref>

====Title ''Rao''====
{|
|-
|1730–1790 || Padam Singh || (d. 1790)
|-
|1790–1806 || Lakshman Singh I
|-
|1806–1830 || Pirthi Singh || (d. 1830)
|-
|1830–1870 || Bhopal Singh || (b. 1830 – d. 1870)
|-
|1870–1892 || Lakshman Singh II || (b. 1860 – d. 1892)
|-
|1892–1925 || Bhanu Pratap Singh || (b. 1878 – d. 1925)
|-
|1925–1934 || Arimardan Singh || (b. 1903 – d. 1941)
|-
|1934 – 15 August 1947  || Bhupendra Vijai Singh
|}

==See also==
*[[Political integration of India]]
*[[Vindhya Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/Jigni Jigni – Indian Rajputs]
{{coord|25|45|N|79|25|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}
{{MP Princely States}}

[[Category:Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajput history]]
[[Category:1730 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1950 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Princely states of Madhya Pradesh]]

Manasi Joshi

2026-02-20T22:51:31Z

Vaibhu: Adding a details!

{{short description|Indian para-badminton player}}
{{About||the actress|Manasi Joshi Roy|the cricketer|Mansi Joshi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Manasi Joshi
| image =File:Mansi Joshi in 2020 (sq cropped).jpg
| image_size=
| birth_date= {{Birth date and age|1989|06|11|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_180/folder_1_182/Classification%20master%20list%20-%202018.08.01.pdf|title=BWF Para-Badminton Classification Master List|publisher=BWF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811163021/http://system.bwf.website/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_180/folder_1_182/Classification%20master%20list%20-%202018.08.01.pdf|archive-date=2018-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| height= 171 cm
| weight= 66 kg<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mbasso.in/img/static/ManasiJoshi_Profile_0817.pdf|title=Manasi Joshi-Indian Para-athlete|website=Maharashtra Badminton Association|access-date=11 August 2018|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811164857/http://mbasso.in/img/static/ManasiJoshi_Profile_0817.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| country= {{IND}}
| event=Women's singles SL3 Women's doubles SL3–SU5 Mixed doubles SL3–SU5
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[para-badminton]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2019 Basel]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2015 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2015 Stoke Mandeville]]|Mixed doubles}}
{{MedalSilver | [[2024 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2024 Pattaya]] | Women's doubles}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2017 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2017 Ulsan]]|Women's singles}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2022 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2022 Tokyo]]|Women's singles}}
{{Medal|Bronze|2022 Tokyo|Mixed doubles}}
{{MedalBronze | 2024 Pattaya | Women's singles}}
{{MedalBronze| [[2026 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2026 Manama]] | Women's doubles}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Women's doubles]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2018 Asian Para Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Badminton at the 2018 Asian Para Games|Women's singles]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|2022 Hangzhou|[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Women's singles SL3|Women's singles]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para-Badminton Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2016 Beijing|Women's singles}}
|birth_place=[[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]], India|highest_ranking=1 (WS 6 March 2022) 5 (WD with [[Shantiya Viswanathan]] 22 August 2022) 1 (XD with [[Ruthick Ragupathi]] 4 July 2022)|current_ranking=1 (WS) 5 (WD with Shantiya Viswanathan) 2 (XD with Ruthick Ragupathi)|date_of_current_ranking=8 November 2022}}

'''Manasi Joshi''' (born 11 June 1989) is an Indian [[para-badminton]] player.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=90% of India can't afford high-end prostheses: Para athlete Manasi Joshi|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/90-differently-abled-can-t-afford-prostheses-para-athlete-manasi-joshi/story-fy5CIXdaZFFi95yHIOfG5M.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> She is a former world champion in para badminton women's singles SL3 category. On 8 March 2022, she was ranked world No.1 in women's singles SL3 category.<ref>{{cite web |title=Para-shuttler Manasi Joshi becomes the new badminton World No. 1|url=https://thebridge.in/badminton/para-shuttler-manasi-joshi-badminton-world-number-1-29855 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310052438/https://thebridge.in/badminton/para-shuttler-manasi-joshi-badminton-world-number-1-29855 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=www.thebridge.in |date=8 March 2022 |publisher=The Bridge}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
Manasi was born in [[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]] and she was raised in Anushaktinagar, Mumbai. She graduated in Electronics Engineering from [[K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering]], [[University of Mumbai]], in 2010. A sports lover, Manasi played football and badminton in her school and college life. Joshi started playing badminton when she was six along with her father, a retired scientist from [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]]. Over the years she represented her school, college and corporate at various tournaments. After finishing graduation in 2010, she worked as a software engineer until December 2011.

== Accident ==
In December 2011, she met with a road accident while riding her motorbike to work, and her leg had to be amputated.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Subrahmanyam |first=V. V. |date=2018-08-08 |title=Manasi in search of an Asiad medal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/manasi-in-search-of-an-asiad-medal/article24634693.ece |access-date=2018-08-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-29 |title=At 22, She Lost Her Leg. At 26, Manasi Joshi Was an International Level Para-Badminton Player! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/45528/para-badminton-player-manasi-joshi/ |access-date=2019-10-19 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |last=Perera |first=Ayeshea |date=2020-02-04 |title=Manasi Joshi: The accident that created a world champion |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-51147071 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> After 45 days of hospitalisation, Manasi got discharged from MGM hospital Vashi, [[Navi Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-04 |title=Manasi Joshi: The accident that created a world champion |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-51147071 |access-date=2021-02-03 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Career ==
Joshi started her sporting journey in 2015 and in 2020, she was ranked world No.2 in women's singles SL3 category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Para-Badminton World Ranking Singles |url=https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/document-system/81/180/182/Ranking_with_details_singles_2019.06.10.pdf/ }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-23 |title=BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55042935 |access-date=2021-02-03 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Kidangoor">{{Cite magazine |last=Kidangoor |first=Abhishyant |title=This Badminton Star Is Fighting For Disability Rights in India |url=https://time.com/collection/next-generation-leaders/5896369/manasi-joshi-next-generation-leaders/ |access-date=2021-02-03 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=8 October 2020 }}</ref> She was selected for [[Asian Para Games|Asian Para-Games]] 2014 and played her first international tournament in Spain.<ref name="BBC" /> In 2018, she asked [[Pullela Gopichand]] to coach her,<ref name="BBC" /> and enrolled in his badminton academy at [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.sakshi.com/sports/2019/08/28/who-is-manasi-joshi-gold-medalist-at-para-world-badminton-championship-2019|title=Who Is Manasi Joshi: Gold Medalist At Para World Badminton Championship 2019|website=Sakshipost|date=28 August 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref> In September 2015, Joshi won a silver medal in mixed doubles at the [[2015 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|Para-Badminton World Championship]] held in [[Stoke Mandeville]], England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Manasi Joshi, who won gold at BWF Para Badminton World Championships? |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2019/08/28/Who-is-Manasi-Joshi-who-won-gold-at-BWF-Para-Badminton-World-Championships.html |access-date=2021-02-03 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://megscpwd.gov.in/success-stories.html|title=Success Stories: Office of The State Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities, Government of Meghalaya|website=megscpwd.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref> In October 2018, she won a bronze medal for India at the Asian Para Games 2018, held in Jakarta, Indonesia. In August 2019, at the [[2019 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|Para-Badminton World Championship 2019]] in [[Basel]], Switzerland, she won a gold medal.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="news18.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/badminton/world-para-badminton-championships-title-a-dream-come-true-manasi-joshi-2283577.html|title=World Para Badminton Championships Title a Dream Come True: Manasi Joshi |agency=IANS |publisher=News 18 |date=2019-08-25 }}</ref> She won a silver medal in the doubles along with [[Thulasimathi Murugesan]] and a bronze in the singles SL3 in the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] at Gangzhou, China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM congratulates Manasi Nayana Joshi, Thulasimathi Murugesan for winning silver in women's doubles Badminton at Asian Para Games |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1972133 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Asian Para Games 2023, Day 2 Highlights: Medal rush continues as India win 17 medals, including 3 gold |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/live-updates-of-asian-para-games-2023-medal-tally-day-2/liveblog/104663844.cms |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
Manasi was listed as the Next Generation Leader 2020 by [[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]] in October 2020 and she appeared on their [[Asia]] cover, making her the first para-athlete in the world and the first Indian athlete to be featured on the magazine's cover, for being an advocate of rights for people with disabilities.<ref name="Kidangoor" />

On the occasion of the International Day of Girl Child (11 October 2020), [[Barbie]] celebrated Manasi and her achievements by modelling a one-of-a-kind Barbie doll to her likeness to inspire young girls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2020 |title=Barbie doll modelled after para-badminton champ Manasi Joshi {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/barbie-doll-modelled-after-para-badminton-champ-manasi-joshi/articleshow/78609033.cms |access-date=2021-02-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> She has also been recognized by [[BBC]] as one of the 100 most inspirational & powerful women across the world in 2020 and was nominated for the BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year Award of 2020 alongside [[P. V. Sindhu]], [[Mary Kom]], [[Vinesh Phogat]] and [[Dutee Chand]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-23 |title=BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55042935 |access-date=2021-02-03 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="BBC Sport">{{Cite news |title=Indian Sportswoman of the Year nominees revealed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/51107182 |access-date=2021-02-03 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref>

* 2017 - Maharashtra Rajya Eklavya Khel Krida Puraskar (Highest State honour)
* 2019 - National award for Best Sportsperson with Disability (female)<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|title=Winners of National Disability Awards 2019!|url=https://ourcivilsociety.com/2019/11/18/winners-of-national-disability-awards-2019/|access-date=2021-02-03|language=en-US|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420201159/https://ourcivilsociety.com/2019/11/18/winners-of-national-disability-awards-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2019 - Differently abled athlete of the year award at [[ESPN]] India Awards<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sindhu, Saurabh win ESPN India's player of year award|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sindhu-saurabh-win-espn-indias-player-of-year-award/1739395|access-date=2021-02-03|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref>
* 2019 - Times of India Sports award for Best para-athlete of the year<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2020|title=TOISA 2019: Happy that my efforts are helping me get recognition, says Para-athlete of the Year Manasi Joshi - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2019-happy-that-my-efforts-are-helping-me-get-recognition-says-para-athlete-of-the-year-manasi-joshi/articleshow/74540149.cms|access-date=2021-02-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* 2019 - Aces 2020 Sportswoman of the Year (Para-sports) Hindu Newspaper (Nominee)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=Sportstar ACES Awards 2020 - As it happened|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/aces-awards/sportstar-aces-awards-2020-live-rohit-sharma-kohli-kapil-dev-sindhu-india-cricket-ganguly-leander-steve-smith-mumbai/article30557688.ece|access-date=2021-02-03|website=Sportstar|date=13 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* 2019 – BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year<ref name="BBC Sport"/>
* 2020 – TIME Next Generation Leader<ref name="Kidangoor"/>
* 2020 - BBC 100 Women<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-23|title=BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55042935|access-date=2021-02-03}}</ref>
* 2020 – [[Forbes]] India, Self-made Women of 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Self-Made Women 2020: India's top women achievers|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/self-made-women-2020/1835/1|access-date=2021-02-03|website=Forbes India|language=en}}</ref>

== Achievements ==
=== World Championships ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#F3E6D7"
| align="center" | [[2017 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2017]]
| align="left" | [[St. Jakobshalle]], [[Basel]], Switzerland
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 12–21, 7–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 3.png|Bronze]] '''Bronze'''
|- style="background:#F3E6D7"
| align="center" | [[2019 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2019]]
| align="left" | [[Dongchun Gymnasium]], [[Ulsan]], South Korea
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 21–12, 21–7
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 1.png|Gold]] '''Gold'''
|- style="background:#F3E6D7"
| align="center" | [[2022 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2022]]
| align="left" | [[Yoyogi National Gymnasium]], [[Tokyo]], Japan
| align="left" | {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Oksana Kozyna]]
| align="left" | 18–21, 18–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 3.png|Bronze]] '''Bronze'''
|- style="background:#F3E6D7"
| align="center" | [[2024 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2024]]
| align="left" | Pattaya Exhibition and Convention Hall, [[Pattaya]], Thailand
| align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Qonitah Ikhtiar Syakuroh]]
| align="left" | 12–21, 12–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 3.png|Bronze]] '''Bronze'''
|}

''Women’s doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#F3E6D7"
| align="center" | [[2024 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2024]]
| align="left" | Pattaya Exhibition and Convention Hall, Pattaya, Thailand
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Thulasimathi Murugesan]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Leani Ratri Oktila]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Khalimatus Sadiyah]]
| align="left" | 20–22, 17–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver'''
|}

''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#F3E6D7"
| align="center" | [[2015 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2015]]
| align="left" | [[Stoke Mandeville Stadium]], [[Stoke Mandeville]], England
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rakesh Pandey (para-badminton)|Rakesh Pandey]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Raj Kumar (para-badminton)|Raj Kumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 10–21, 19–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 2.png|Silver]] '''Silver'''
|- style="background:#F3E6D7"
| align="center" | [[2022 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships|2022]]
| align="left" | Yoyogi National Gymnasium, Tokyo, Japan
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruthick Ragupathi]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Fredy Setiawan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Khalimatus Sadiyah]]
| align="left" | 10–21, 8–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 3.png|Bronze]] '''Bronze'''
|}

=== Asian Para Games ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#FFB069"
| align="center" | [[Badminton at the 2018 Asian Para Games#Men|2018]]
| align="left" | [[Istora Gelora Bung Karno]], [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 13–21, 12–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 3.png|Bronze]] '''Bronze'''
|}

=== Asian Championships ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Venue
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#ECF2FF"
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 2016
| rowspan="3" align="left" | China Administration of Sport for Persons with Disabilities, [[Beijing]], China
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Asami Yamada]]
| align="left" | 21–11, 21–7
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left; background:white" | [[File:Med 3.png|Bronze]] '''Bronze'''
|- style="background:#ECF2FF"
| align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Wandee Kamtam]]
| align="left" | 14–21, 12–21
|- style="background:#ECF2FF"
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 8–21, 7–21
|}

=== BWF Para Badminton World Circuit (5 titles, 6 runners-up) ===
The BWF Para Badminton World Circuit – Grade 2, Level 1, 2 and 3 tournaments has been sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation from 2022.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=Para Badminton Tournament Structure Bids for Tournaments 2022 Onwards |language=en |website=[[Badminton World Federation]] |url=https://corporate.bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2021/06/03/para-badminton-tournament-structure-bids-for-tournaments-2022-onwards}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=11 July 2022 |title=BWF Para Tournamentsoftware |language=en |website=[[Badminton World Federation]] |url=https://bwfpara.tournamentsoftware.com/}}</ref>

''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Spanish Para Badminton International II
| align="left" | Level 2
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Mandeep Kaur
| align="left" | 21–10, 21–13
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 2022{{Efn|This tournament uses a round robin system.}}
| rowspan="4" align="left" | Spanish Para Badminton International
| rowspan="4" align="left" | Level 1
| align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} Coraline Bergeron
| align="left" | Walkover
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Mandeep Kaur
| align="left" | 21–13, 21–16
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Noriko Ito]]
| align="left" | 21–9, 21–7
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 21–12, 21–17
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Dubai Para Badminton International
| align="left" | Level 2
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Mandeep Kaur
| align="left" | 16–21, 24–22, 21–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 2022{{Efn|This tournament uses a round robin system.}}
| rowspan="4" align="left" | Canada Para Badminton International
| rowspan="4" align="left" | Level 1
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Parul Parmar
| align="left" | 21–14, 21–19
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} Coraline Bergeron
| align="left" | 21–14, 21–17
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|UKR}} Oksana Kozyna
| align="left" | 21–18, 15–21, 22–20
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} Noriko Ito
| align="left" | 21–14, 21–10
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Thailand Para Badminton International
| align="left" | Level 1
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Mandeep Kaur
| align="left" | 22–20, 19–21, 14–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}
''Women's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
!Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Spanish Para Badminton International II
| align="left" | Level 2
|{{flagicon|IND}} Shanthiya Viswanathan
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Mandeep Kaur {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Manisha Ramdass]]
| align="left" | 21–14, 21–23, 12–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Thailand Para Badminton International
| align="left" | Level 1
|{{flagicon|IND}} Shanthiya Viswanathan
| align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} Nipada Saensupa {{Flagicon|THA}} Chanida Srinavakul
| align="left" | 20–22, 19–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2023
| align="left" | Brazil Para-Badminton International
| align="left" | Level 2
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Thulasimathi Murugesan
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Mandeep Kaur {{Flagicon|IND}} Manisha Ramadass
| align="left" | 21–11, 21–10
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
!Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Spanish Para Badminton International II
| align="left" | Level 2
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ruthick Ragupathi
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pramod Bhagat]] {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Palak Kohli]]
| align="left" | 21–14, 11–21, 14–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Spanish Para Badminton International
| align="left" | Level 1
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ruthick Ragupathi
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Raj Kumar (badminton)|Raj Kumar]] {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 17–21, 18–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | Thailand Para Badminton International
| align="left" | Level 1
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ruthick Ragupathi
| align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lucas Mazur]] {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Faustine Noël]]
| align="left" | 21–17, 15–21, 7–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

=== International tournaments (7 titles, 8 runners-up) ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 2016{{Efn|This tournament uses a round robin system.}}
| rowspan="3" align="left" | Irish Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|WAL}} [[Nicola Tustain]]
| align="left" | 21–11, 21–9
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Asami Yamada]]
| align="left" | 21–11, 21–9
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|POL}} [[Katarzyna Ziębik]]
| align="left" | 21–12, 11–21, 21–10
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 2018{{Efn|This tournament uses a round robin system.}}
| rowspan="3" align="left" | Spanish Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|THA}} [[Darunee Henpraiwan]]
| align="left" | 12–21, 21–17, 21–19
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} Asami Yamada
| align="left" | 21–15, 21–17
|-
| align="left" | {{flagicon|POL}} Katarzyna Ziębik
| align="left" | 23–21, 21–18
|-
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | Japan Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Noriko Ito]]
| align="left" | 16–21, 21–18, 21–3
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | Australia Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} Noriko Ito
| align="left" | 21–13, 21–12
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Turkish Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 8–21, 16–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Dubai Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Parul Parmar
| align="left" | 12–21, 19–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Uganda Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Parul Parmar
| align="left" | 14–21, 12–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Canada Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Parul Parmar
| align="left" | 12–21, 7–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | Dubai Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Oksana Kozyna]]
| align="left" | 10–21, 17–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | Uganda Para Badminton International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} Parul Parmar
| align="left" | 21–7, 21–16
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
''Women's doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
!Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | 2017
| align="left" | Japan Para Badminton International
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yang Qiuxia (badminton)|Yang Qiuxia]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Helle Sofie Sagøy]] {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Katrin Seibert]]
| align="left" | 23–21, 21–15
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|-
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | Spanish Para Badminton International
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Mamiko Toyoda]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|NOR}} Helle Sofie Sagøy {{Flagicon|GER}} Katrin Seibert
| align="left" | 19–21, 12–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2018
| align="left" | Dubai Para Badminton International
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Zehra Bağlar]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Faustine Noël]] {{Flagicon|INA}} [[Leani Ratri Oktila]]
| align="left" | 17–21, 7–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | 2019
| align="left" | Uganda Para Badminton International
|{{flagicon|TUR}} Zehra Bağlar
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Palak Kohli]] {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Parul Parmar]]
| align="left" | 15–21, 21–16, 15–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
''Mixed doubles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
!Partner
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | Uganda Para Badminton International
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ruthick Ragupathi]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pramod Bhagat]] {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Palak Kohli]]
| align="left" | 21–19, 21–16
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{BWFB|P86626}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Manasi Girishchandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Indian female badminton players]]
[[Category:Indian female para-badminton players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Rajkot]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Paralympic badminton players for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in badminton]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2018 Asian Para Games]]

Thiruvarur

2026-02-18T12:16:56Z

Vaibhu: new

{{good article}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thiruvarur
| native_name = Chola Nadu
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Municipality
| image_skyline = Thiruvarur Ther.png
| image_alt = Tank with chariot and temple tower in the background
| image_caption = Devotees pulling the Chariot
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.773|N|79.637|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Tamil Nadu
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Selection Grade Municipality
| governing_body = Thiruvarur Municipality
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 10.47
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 3
| population_footnotes = <ref name=Census695260>{{Cite web|title=Census India 2011|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=695260 |access-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>
| population_total = 58,301
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_metro =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 610001
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 914366
| registration_plate = TN:50
| website = [https://www.thiruvarur.in www.thiruvarur.in]
| footnotes =
| subdivision_type5 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Cauvery Delta]]
}}
'''Thiruvarur''' ({{IPA|ta|t̪iɾuʋaːɾuːɾ|lang}}) also spelt as '''Tiruvarur''' is a [[municipality]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Thiruvarur district]] and [[Thiruvarur taluk]]. The temple chariot of the Thyagaraja temple, weighing {{convert|360|tonne|lb}} and measuring {{convert|96|ft|m}} tall is the largest temple chariot in India. Thiruvarur is the birthplace of [[Tyagaraja]], [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] and [[Syama Sastri]], popularly known as the [[Trinity of Carnatic music]] of the 18th century CE. Thiruvarur Thiyagarajaa Swaamy temple is older than Tanjore big temple.

Thiruvarur was a part of [[Thanjavur district]] until 1991. The Odambokki river passes through the centre of the town.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=5}} Thiruvarur covers an area of {{convert|10.47|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} and had a population of 58,301 as of 2011.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=6}} Out of total population of Tiruvarur, 1,403,348 in the district, 257,795 are in urban area and 1,006,482 are in rural area. 65,220 households are in urban, 261,999 are in rural area. It is administered by a [[Local administration in Tamil Nadu#Urban Local Bodies|selection grade municipality]]. The town is a part of the [[Cauvery Delta|Cauvery delta region]] and agriculture is the major occupation. Roadways are the major means of transportation with a total of {{convert|94.06|km|mi|abbr=on}} of district roads including three national highways passing through the town. The town was one of the five traditional capitals of the [[Chola dynasty|Chola empire]], with one of the emperors of the dynasty, [[Kulothunga Chola I]], having it as his capital. The town is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the [[Medieval Cholas]], [[Later Cholas]], Later Pandyas, [[Vijayanagar Empire]], [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur Nayaks]], [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Marathas]] and the [[British Raj|British]]. The town is known for the [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur|Thyagaraja temple]], and the largest annual [[Temple car|chariot]] festival in Asia, held in the month of April.

==Etymology==
The historic name of the town was ''Aaroor'' (Arur) and it finds mention in the seventh century saiva canonical work, ''[[Tevaram]]''.{{sfn|Muthalam Thirumurai Translation|2012}} It was also called Śrīnagara in Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Govindan |first=V. |date=2008-08-02 |title=Guru Guha Vaibhavam: Dikshitar Kriti - Sri Nilotpala Naayike - Raga Naree Reethi Gaula |url=https://guru-guha.blogspot.com/2008/08/dikshitar-kriti-sri-neelotpala-nayike.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Guru Guha Vaibhavam}}</ref>

The term ''Thiru'' is added to all temple cities that are mostly revered by the verses of ''Tevaram'', which is the case of ''Arur'' becoming ''Thiruvarur''. Another name of Thiruvarur is Kamalaalayasetra, meaning the "holy place that is an abode of lotuses"; the town is also referred so due to the presence of the Kamalaalayam tank and the temple deity, Kamalambigai.{{sfn|Dhere|2011|p=53}} During the [[British Raj]], the town was termed ''Tiruvalur'',{{sfn|Hunter|1908|pp=225–229}} ''Tiruvaloor'',{{sfn|Dodwell|1920|p=48}} and ''Thiruvalur''.{{sfn|Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|1833|p=146}} As per the district and municipality websites, the district has the spelling "Tiruvarur", while the town has it as "Thiruvarur".{{sfn|MSME Development Institute|2012|p=1}}{{sfn|About the town|2011}}

==History==
[[File:Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (1).jpg|thumb|Thyagaraja Temple – an important landmark of the town and one of the largest temples in Tamil Nadu{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Tourism|2011}}|alt=outer courtyard of a temple with two temple towers|left]]
As per folk legend, Thiruvarur is mentioned as the capital town of a legendary Chola king, [[Manu Needhi Cholan]], who killed his own son to provide justice to a cow.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|16 July 2010}}{{sfn|Ayyar|1991| pp=369–374}}

Thiruvarur was one of the five traditional capitals of the Chola empire{{sfn|Vasudevan|2003|pp=135–138}} and the history of town revolves around the [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur|Thyagarajaswamy Temple]].{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=59-60}} Thiruvarur is mentioned in the saiva canonical work, ''Tevaram'' by [[Thirugnana Sambanthar]], [[Tirunavukkarasar]] and [[Sundarar]], the foremost [[Saivism|Saivite]] saints of seventh–eighth century CE and classified as ''[[Padal petra stalam]]''.{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=58}} Tirunavukkarasar mentions several traditions of the temple like ''Marghazhi Aathirai Vizha'', ''Panguni Uttirai Perunaal'' and ''Veedhivitakanin Veedhi Panni''. The granite structure of the temple was first constructed by [[Aditya I|Aditya Chola I]] (871–907 CE) in the ninth century CE and revamped during the reign of [[Rajaraja Chola I]] (985–1014 CE).{{sfn|Vasudevan|2003|pp=135–138}} The temple was upgraded and rebuilt with stone by [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1012–44 CE). The temple has inscriptions from both the emperors, later Cholas and [[Pandyas]].{{sfn|Francis|2002|p=167}} The temple is believed to be an inspiration for Rajaraja Chola to build the [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=58}}

Inscriptions from the temple indicate Thiruvarur as the capital of Kulothunga Chola I (1070–1120 CE), during which the town emerged a centre of saivism.{{sfn|Ayyar|1991|p=215}} After the fall of Cholas during the reign of [[Rajendra Chola III]] in the 13th century CE, the town was caught under a power struggle between the [[Pandya]]s and [[Hoysalas]].{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=59-60}} The royal patronage continued and the town flourished as a cultural centre during the rule of the [[Thanjavur Nayaks|Nayaks]], [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar kings]] and [[Maratha]]s.{{sfn|Ayyar|1991|p=375}} During the period of Marathas, the town became a temporary home to the [[Nataraja]] of Chidambaram temple.{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=59-60}} The town was briefly captured by French troops led by [[Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally|Lally]] (1702–66 CE) in 1759 CE.{{sfn|Dodwell|1920|p=166}} The Thyagarajar temple was ransacked in a failed attempt to discover hidden treasure.{{sfn|Dodwell|1920|p=166}} During the attempt, six members of the temple, suspected to be spies of the British, were killed in an encounter.{{sfn|Dodwell|1920|p=166}} The province and Tanjore were annexed by British after the failed attempt of the French to attack the King of Tanjore.{{sfn|Dodwell|1920|p=166}} After independence, Thiruvaur continued to be a part of the Thanjavur district and Nagapattinam district until 1991 and 1997 respectively.{{sfn|About the town|2011}} Thiruvarur was made the headquarters of Tiruvarur district when it was carved out of Nagapattinam district in 1997.{{sfn|About the town|2011}} In modern days, Thiruvarur regarded as the origin of Carnatic music because of the birth of great three musicians of Carnatic music (Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri - The trinity of Carnatic Music).{{sfn|Krishnapriya M|Vishnu Achutha Menon|2020}}

==Geography==
Thiruvarur is located at {{Coord|9.28|N|79.3|E}}.{{sfn|Francis|2002|p=167}} The town is bounded by Sukumar river in the north, Valaiyar river in the south while the Odambokki river flows through the centre.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=5}} The town has an average elevation of {{convert|3|m|ft}} from the sea level.{{sfn|Citizen's charter of Thiruvarur Municipality|2011}} The municipality covers an area of {{convert|10.47|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=6}} Thiruvarur is situated at a distance of 300 km from [[Chennai]], {{convert|24|km|abbr=on}} from [[Nagapattinam]], {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} from [[Karaikal]], {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} from [[Mayiladuthurai]] and {{convert|56|km|abbr=on}} from [[Thanjavur]].{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=6}} The town along with the district receives an annual rainfall of {{convert|1260|mm|in}}.{{sfn|Dhinagaran|2008|p=3}} The town experiences tropical climate during summer; from March to May. The proximity to sea results in high humidity throughout the year and peaks 70% from August to May.{{sfn|Dhinagaran|2008|p=3}} The town has a plain terrain of [[alluvial soil]] consisting of sand, silt and clay.{{sfn|Dhinagaran|2008|p=4}} [[Vennar River|Vennar]] and [[Vettar River|Vettar]], the tributaries of river [[Cauvery]] are the major water bodies around the town.{{sfn|Dhinagaran|2008|p=1}} Surface water canals contribute 89% to irrigation, while the rest 11% is accounted by dug wells and tube wells.{{sfn|Dhinagaran|2008|p=1}} [[Rice#Harvesting, drying and milling|Paddy]] is the major crop while the others being [[black gram]], [[green gram]], [[Peanut|ground nut]] and [[Sesame|gingely]].{{sfn|Agricultural contigency plan|2008|p=4}}

{{Weather box
| location = Thiruvarur, India
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 28.4
| Feb high C = 29.4
| Mar high C = 31.3
| Apr high C = 33.3
| May high C = 36.1
| Jun high C = 36.8
| Jul high C = 35.9
| Aug high C = 35.1
| Sep high C = 33.9
| Oct high C = 31.7
| Nov high C = 29.7
| Dec high C = 28.6
| year high C = 32.5
| Jan low C = 22.5
| Feb low C = 23.3
| Mar low C = 24.7
| Apr low C = 26.9
| May low C = 27.5
| Jun low C = 27.1
| Jul low C = 26.4
| Aug low C = 26.0
| Sep low C = 25.6
| Oct low C = 25.1
| Nov low C = 24.1
| Dec low C = 23.0
| year low C = 25.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 29.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 16.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 20.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 23.1
| May precipitation mm = 41.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 49.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 63.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 79.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 96.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 249.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 549.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 593.3
| year precipitation mm = 1403.9
| source 1 = {{sfn|Climatology of Nagapattinam|2011}}
| date = November 2012
| source =
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|align = right
|1971|35858
|1981|43654
|1991|49194
|2001|56341
|2011|58301
| footnote = Sources:
* 1971 – 2011:{{sfn|Thiruvarur population|2011}}
}}
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|84.38}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|14.13}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.39}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.02}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.02}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.05}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.01}}}}

During 1901, the population of the town stood at 15,436.{{sfn|Francis|2002|p=167}} According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Thiruvarur had a population of 58,301 with a sex-ratio of 1,053 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.{{sfn|India population dashboard|2011}} A total of 5,779 were under the age of six, constituting 2,888 males and 2,891 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 32% and .66% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 82.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.{{sfn|India population dashboard|2011}} The town had a total of 14997 households. There were a total of 18,953 workers, comprising 672 cultivators, 960 main agricultural labourers, 318 in house hold industries, 15,596 other workers, 1,407 marginal workers, 47 marginal cultivators, 261 marginal agricultural labourers, 52 marginal workers in household industries and 1,047 other marginal workers.<ref name=Census695260/>

As per the religious census of 2011, Thiruvarur had 84.38% [[Hindus]], 14.13% [[Muslims]], 1.39% [[Christians]], 0.02% [[Sikhs]], 0.01% [[Buddhists]], 0.02% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.05% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

The population growth rate was higher during the decade of 1981–90 due to increased provision of social, economic and recreational facilities that caused the rural population to migrate to urban areas.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=7–10}} The overall growth rate had declined over the last two decades due to poor returns in agriculture and increased migration of agricultural labourers to other urban centres.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=7–10}} The population density of the town is high in the centre and low in the peripheral regions.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=7–10}}

The town has 55% employed people; 12.7% are involved in primary occupations like agriculture, 2.8% in secondary occupations related to industries and 85% in tertiary occupations such as agricultural trading and tourism.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=11–13}} About 33% population of the town is involved in agriculture and most of them are involved in trading activities.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=11–13}} As per a survey conducted in 1997 by the Tamil Nadu Urban and Town Planning Department, 30 slums were identified in the town constituting 41% of the total population of the town.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=7–10}}

==Economy==
Thiruvarur lies in the [[Kaveri River]] basin and the main occupation of the inhabitants of the town and surrounding regions is [[agriculture]].{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|p=102}} More than 70% of the workforce is involved in agriculture; 14% being cultivators and rest are agricultural labourers.{{sfn|MSME Development Institute|2012|p=1}} Paddy is cultivated in three seasons namely [[Kuruvai]] (June–August), [[Samba (rice)|Samba]] (August–January) and Thaladi (January–March).{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|p=102}} The daily wages of the agricultural labourers is more than the rates fixed by the Tamil Nadu government, but due to the decline in number of days of work, the income levels are lower.{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|pp=103–104}} As of 1998, the male labourers were employed 150 days a year, while the female labourers for 120 days.{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|p=105}} A government report in 2006 put these numbers at 120 and 100 days respectively.{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|p=105}} Due to the discontinuity in the working days, the labourers migrate to other states or countries. They also shift to other professions like construction industry in the urban centres and textile industry in the district.{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|p=105}} There are no industrial estates in the town and the district – as of 2012, a government proposal is formulated to develop one at Vaippur village.{{sfn|MSME Development Institute|2012|p=6}} Modern agricultural tools like hullers have replaced labourers and reduce the profit margin of small traders and labourers.{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|p=124}} There are no co-operative societies who acquire the farm products and the District Purchasing Centre, operated by the government of Tamil Nadu is the major procurer.{{sfn|Palanithurai|Ramesh|2008|p=125}}

Being an agricultural town, the predominant industries are agriculture based like modern rice milling, [[palm oil]] refinery, poultry, live stock and coir based.{{sfn|Tiruvarur district industrial profile|2012}} Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation operating a modern rice mill and South India Edible Oil involved in refining oil are the large scale industries in the town.{{sfn|Tiruvarur district industrial profile|2012}} There are small service enterprises involved in automobile servicing, hotels, hospitals, boat repairing and nylon fishnet repairing.{{sfn|MSME Development Institute|2012|p=9}} There is a weekly market at Thanjai Salai and a daily market maintained by the municipality, where vegetables and fish are sold.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=30}}

[[List of banks in India#Nationalized Banks|Nationalized banks]] such as [[State Bank of India]], [[Indian Bank]], [[Central Bank of India]], [[Punjab National Bank]], [[Indian Overseas Bank]] and private banks like [[ICICI Bank]], [[City Union Bank]] have their branches in Thiruvarur.{{sfn|Thiruvarur town Banks|2011}} Kumbakonam Co-operative Bank, Tiruvarur Co-operative Bank and Primary Agriculture Bank are the cooperative banks that have their branches in the town.{{sfn|Thiruvarur town Banks|2011}} All these banks have their [[Automated teller machine]]s located in various parts of the town.{{sfn|Thiruvarur town Banks|2011}}

==Transport==
[[File:Thoovainathar Temple (9).jpg|upright=1.15|thumb|[[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] ]]
Thiruvarur municipality accommodates 94.06 km of roads: 54.9 km of BT roads, 10.91 km of metal roads, 9.48 km of cement roads and 18.75 km of highways.{{sfn|Thiruvarur roads|2011}} Thiruvarur is connected by three national highways, [[NH 45A]] to [[Viluppuram]], [[NH 67]] to [[Coimbatore]].{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=6}} And KSRTC also operating buses from Ernakulam, Cherthala, Changanasserry to Velankanni via Thiruvarur. Thiruvarur having the direct bus services to the following Cities of the State are [[Chennai]], [[Vellore]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Villupuram]], [[Cuddalore]], [[Chidambaram]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Tiruchirapalli]], [[Madurai]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Karaikudi]], [[Hosur]], [[Erode]], [[Tiruppur]], [[Kodaikanal]], [[Palani]], [[Dharapuram]], [[Pudukkottai]], [[Sivagangai]], [[Rameshwaram]], [[Ramanathapuram]], [[Theni]], [[Tiruchendur]], [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]], [[Karaikal]] and other local services to [[Thanjavur]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Mannargudi]], [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Sirkazhi]], [[Pattukkottai]], [[Vedaranyam]], [[Ariyalur]], [[Jayankondam]] etc. Through the state highways [[SH 23]] from Mayiladuthurai to [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[SH 67]] from Thanjavur to [[Kodikkarai]], [[SH 65]] from Thiruvarur to [[Kumbakonam]], [[SH 66]] from Kumbakonam to [[Adiramapattinam]], SH 67 from Nagore to [[Nachiyar Koil]], [[SH 146]] from [[Mannargudi]] to [[Sethubavachatram]], [[SH 147]] Kumbakonam to [[Karaikkal]], [[SH 202]] [[Tiruvarur]] - [[Mannargudi]] - [[Muthupet]], [[SH 151]] [[Kilvelur]] to [[Kachanam]].{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|p=6}} The [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] operates close to 300 daily services connecting various cities to Thiruvarur.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|13 July 2012}} Most of the buses via Thiruvarur are operated by the corporation ply between Tiruchirapalli and [[Velankanni]].{{sfn|''The Hindu''|13 July 2012}} The corporation operates a computerised reservation centre in the municipal bus stand of the town.{{sfn|SETC Computer reservation centres|2004}} It also operates 40 town buses satisfying the local transport needs of Thiruvarur and the neighbouring villages.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|13 July 2012}} The [[State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu)|State Express Transport Corporation]] operates long-distance buses connecting the town to [[Bangalore]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Chennai]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and [[Marthandam]].{{sfn|''The Hindu''|13 July 2012}}

[[Thiruvarur Junction railway station|Thiruvarur railway junction]] is a four way junction connecting Thanjavur in the west, Mayiladuthurai in the north, Nagapattinam in the east and Thiruthuraipoondi in the south.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|15 July 2010}} Gauge conversion between Mayiladuthurai and Thiruvarur was completed in August 2012 and the inaugural train ran from Bangalore to [[Nagore]] via Thiruvarur.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|2 July 2012}} There are [[passenger trains]] to Tiruchirapalli, Thanjavur, Mayiladuthurai, Karaikal, Mannargudi and Thiruthuraipoondi.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|2 July 2012}} Gauge conversion between Thiruvarur and [[Karaikudi]] is completed now so daily trains are available to Karaikudi and manamadurai. There is a daily express train to Chennai via Mayiladuthurai and [[Ernakulam]]. There are two trains from Mannargudi to [[Tirupati|Tirupathi]] and Velankanni to [[Goa]], operated three times a week that pass through Thiruvarur.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|2 July 2012}}
The nearest airport to Thiruvarur is [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport]], which is located {{convert|110|km|abbr=on}} from the town.{{sfn|Thiruvarur transport|2011}}The nearest seaport is located at [[Nagapattinam]] which is about {{cvt|27|km}} from the town.

==Education and utility services==
As of 2001, Thiruvarur has a lower literacy rate compared to other part of the state.{{sfn|Thiruvarur Municipality features|2011}} There are three government high schools out of a total of 15 schools in the town.{{sfn|Thiruvarur schools|2011}} The Central University of Tamil Nadu, established by an act of parliament in 2009, provides collegiate education in the fields of arts and science.{{sfn|Central University of Tamil Nadu|2009}} There are five other arts and science colleges, one teacher training institute, three polytechnic colleges and two Industrial training institutes (ITI) in the town.{{sfn|Thiruvarur schools|2011}}

Electricity supply to Thiruvarur is regulated and distributed by the Thiruvarur circle of [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]] (TNEB).{{sfn|TNEB region details|2011}} Water supply is provided by the Thiruvarur Municipality from Odambokki river; the distribution through water tanks located at Madapuram, Thendral Nagar, Kidarakondan, Kattapomman street, Mettupalayam, IP Koil street, Maruthapttinam and Weekly Shandy having a total capacity of {{convert|4260|kl|USgal|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Thiruvarur water supply|2011}} About {{convert|18|MT|lb|abbr=on}} of solid waste is collected from the town everyday; 56% domestic wastes and 40% commercial wastes.{{sfn|Waste management programme|2011}} Thiruvarur municipality is implementing underground drainage and the current sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks and public conveniences.{{sfn|Thiruvarur sewarage|2011}} Roadside drains carry untreated sewage out of the town to let out raw into the sea or accumulates in low-lying area.{{sfn|Thiruvarur sewarage|2011}}

Thiruvarur comes under the Thiruvarur Telecom circle of the [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]] (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides [[broadband internet]] service.{{sfn|BSNL|2011}} There are three government hospitals in the town; the largest of them is the District Headquarters Government Hospital.{{sfn|Thiruvarur hospitals|2011}} There are 11 private hospitals and numerous medical shops catering to the healthcare need of the town.{{sfn|Thiruvarur hospitals|2011}}

==Municipal administration and politics==
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:220"
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan=2|Municipality officials
|-
|align="center"| Chairman||vacant{{sfn|Thiruvarur Municipality Chairman|2011}}
|-
|align="center"|Commissioner||vacant{{sfn|Thiruvarur Municipality Commissioner|2011}}
|-
|align="center"|Vice Chairman||vacant{{sfn|Thiruvarur Municipality Vice Chairman|2011}}
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan=2|Elected members
|-
|align="center"|Member of Legislative Assembly||[[Poondi K Kalaivaanan]]{{sfn|MLA of Thiruvarur|2011}}
|-
|align="center"|Member of Parliament||Selvaraj{{sfn|MP of Nagapattinam|2014}}
|}
Until 1860, Thiruvarur was the headquarters of a [[taluka]] of the same name.{{sfn|Francis|2002|p=167}} It was declared a third grade municipality in 1914 during the rule of British.{{sfn|About the town|2011}} It was promoted to a first grade municipality in 1978.{{sfn|Thiruvarur Municipality features|2011}} The municipality has 30 wards and there is an elected councilor for each of those wards.{{sfn|Citizen's charter of Thiruvarur Municipality|2011}} The municipality has seven revenue villages: Vilamal, Vijayaruram, Thiruvarur south, Thiruvarur North, Keelakavadhukudi, Ramage, Sundaravilakam and Kidaramkondan.{{sfn|About the town|2011}} The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, engineering, revenue, health, town planning and information technology (IT).{{sfn|Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|2006}} All these departments are under the control of a municipal commissioner who is the executive head.{{sfn|Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|2006}} The legislative powers are vested in a body of 30 members, one each from the 30 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson.{{sfn|Economic and political weekly|1995}} Tiruvarur district was created in January 1997 and Tiruvarur town became the district headquarters.{{sfn|About the town|2011}}

Thiruvarur comes under the [[Tiruvarur (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvarur assembly]] constituency and it elects a member to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years.{{sfn|List of Assembly constituencies|2010}} Till 2006, the constituency was reserved for [[Scheduled Caste|SC]] (Scheduled Caste) candidates. From the 1977 elections, the assembly seat was won by DMK for five times during 1977, 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011 elections and [[Communist Party of India]] for four times during 1980, 1984, 1989 and 1991 elections.{{sfn|Partywise Comparison Since 1977|2011}} The former MLA of the constituency is Muthuvel Karunanidhi, ex-chief minister and the leader of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK).{{sfn|MLA of Thiruvarur|2011}}

Thiruvarur is a part of the [[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)]] – it has the following six assembly constituencies – Thiruvarur, [[Nagapattinam (State Assembly Constituency)|Nagapattinam]], [[Thiruthuraipundi (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Vedaranyam (State Assembly Constituency)|Vedaranyam]], [[Kilvelur (State Assembly Constituency)|Kilvelur (SC)]] and [[Nannilam (State Assembly Constituency)|Nannilam]].{{sfn|''The Hindu''|31 March 2009}} The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is Dr. K. Gopal from the AIADMK.{{sfn|MP of Nagapattinam|2014}} From 1957, the Nagapattinam parliament seat was held by the [[Indian National Congress]] for four times during 1957–1961,{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha}} 1962–67,{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha}} 1967–71{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha}} and 1991–96.{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha}} CPI won the seat for 5 times during 1971–77,{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha}} 1977–80,{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha}} 1989–91,{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha}} 1996–98{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha}} and 1998 elections.{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha}} DMK won 4 times during 1980–84,{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha}} 1999–2004,{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha}} 2004–09{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha}} and 2009-2014 elections. AIADMK won the seat two times during 1984–89 and 2014.{{sfn|Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha}}

Law and order in the town in maintained by the Thiruvarur sub division of the [[Tamil Nadu Police]] headed by a Deputy Superintendent.{{sfn|Thiruvarur district police|2011}} There are three police stations in the town, one of them being an all-women police station.{{sfn|Thiruvarur police|2011}} There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police.{{sfn|Thiruvarur district police|2011}}

==Culture==

===The Thyagaraja temple===
[[File:Somaskanda thirunageswaram.jpg|right|thumb|Worship of Lord Thyagaraja is associated with the Somaskanda depiction of Lord(s) Shiva, Skanda and Parvathi.|alt=bronze idols showing two images in sitting posture]]
The ancient [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur|Thyagaraja Temple]] at Thiruvarur is dedicated to the [[Somaskanda]] aspect of Shiva. Thygaraja is the iconic form of Somaskanda and is believed to have spread widely from the tenth century CE, the period coinciding the reign of Raja Raja Chola.{{sfn|Ghose| 1998| p= 24}} The temple complex spanning over an area of {{convert|20|acres|sqm}} has shrines dedicated to Vanmikanathar, Thyagaraja, Kamalaamba and numerous other deities.{{sfn|Ayyar|1991| pp=369–374}} Vanmikinathar is believed to have arisen from an anthill and from the trumpet flower, [[Bignonia|Bignonia Chelenoides]].{{sfn|Ayyar|1991|pp=369–374}}{{sfn|Kersenboom-Story|1998|p=17}} The Kamalalayam temple tank covers around {{convert|33|acre|m2}}, making it one of the largest in the country. The temple chariot is the largest of its kind in Tamil Nadu.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Tourism|2011}} Thyagaraja is believed to have performed 364 miracles in Thiruvarur similar to the 64 performed at [[Madurai Meenakshi Temple]].{{sfn|Ayyar|1991|p=375}} Pilgrims take a holy dip in the tank during Hindu auspicious occasions like equinox and eclipse.{{sfn|Ayyar|1991| p=7}} The temple is also classified as ''Saptha Vidangam'', meaning the seven temples having unique dance moves by Thyagaraja.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|16 July 2010}} The Chola inscriptions refer Thyagaraja as Vidhividangar and the name "Thyagaraja" is believed to have emerged during the 15–16th century CE.{{sfn|Vasudevan|2003|pp=135–138}}

{{Historical populations
| title = Number of tourists
|align = right
| percentages = off
|2001|260750
|2002|275900
|2003|301100
|2004|321400
| footnote = Sources:
* 2001 – 04:{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=35–36}}
}}

===Music, dance and literature===
Historically Thiruvarur has been a centre of eminent people in religion, arts and science. Sundarar, an eighth-century Saivite saint, mentions "I am the slave of all those born in Thiruvarur" in his works in ''Tevaram''.{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=59-60}} Two of the 63 [[nayanmars]] of Saivite tradition namely, Kalarsinga Nayanar and Tandiyadigal Nayanar were born in Thiruvarur.{{sfn|Ayyar|1991| pp=369–374}} The ''Periyapuranam'', a 12th-century Saiva canonical by [[Sekkizhar]], dedicates a chapter to those born in Thiruvarur including these two saints.{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=59-60}} The town was a traditional centre of music and dance – the inscriptions from Rajaraja Chola associates a large body of dancers associated with the temple.{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=59-60}}
Thiruvarur is home to Trinity of [[Carnatic music]] namely [[Thyagaraja]] (1767–1847 CE), [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] (1775–1835 CE) and [[Shyama Shastri]] (1762–1827 CE).{{sfn|Kumar|2003|pp=216–219}} Muthuswami Dikshitar has sung eulogies of the temple deities of the Thyagarajaswami temple.{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=59-60}} There was large influx of the acumen of South Indian culture to the town during the 17th century CE due to the political unrest in Thanjavur and increased patronage of the Maratha kings to Thiruvarur, resulting in developments in music and dance.{{sfn|Kersenboom-Story|1998|p=41}}
A unique musical instrument called Panchamuga Vadyam with each of its five ends ornamented differently is used in the temple. A type of [[nadaswaram]] (pipe instrument) called Barinayanam is also a unique instrument found only in Thiruvarur.{{sfn|Krishnapriya M|Vishnu Achutha Menon|2020|p=34}}

===Chariot festival===
[[File:Tiruvarur temple car festival 2010.jpg|thumb|Thiruvarur temple chariot festival depicting the largest temple chariot in World|alt=a temple car drawn by a lot of people]]
[[Kulothunga Chola II]] (1133–50 CE) enlarged the temple ritual to have fifty six festivals, some of which are followed in modern times.{{sfn|Ghose|1998|p=331}}{{sfn|Ayyar|1991|p=375}} The annual chariot festival of the Thygarajaswamy temple is celebrated during April – May, corresponding to the Tamil month of ''[[Tamil calendar|Chitrai]]''.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|16 July 2010}} The chariot is the largest of its kind in Tamil Nadu and also No.1 Place of Biggest Chariot in the World weighing 360 tonne with a height of 96 feet.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|16 July 2010}} The chariot comes around the four main streets surrounding the temple during the festival.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|16 July 2010}} The event is attended by lakhs of people from all over Tamil Nadu.{{sfn|''The Hindu''|16 July 2010}} The chariot festival is followed by the "Theppam", meaning float festival. The Carnatic music festival celebrated every year also garners large audience.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=35–36}} The town has 10 parks, with the Somasundaram Park at Panagal Road and Municipal Park at Thendral Nagar being the most prominent of them.{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited|2008|pp=35–36}}

==Notable people ==


* [[Thiruvarur Bakthavathsalam|Bakthavathsalam]] – Mridangam player
* [[K. Balachander]] – Tamil film maker and director
* [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] – Carnatic classical composer and part of trinity
* [[Syama Sastri]] – Carnatic classical composer and part of trinity
* [[Rajan Somasundaram|Raleigh Rajan]] – Film Music Director, multi-instrumentalist, created first music album on [[Sangam period]] poetry
* [[Tyagaraja]] – Carnatic classical composer and part of trinity

==Notes==
===Footnotes===
* {{Note|a}} The official spelling, as per the [http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/Tiruvarur/ municipality website] is "Thiruvarur".

===Citations===
{{reflist
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==References==
{{refbegin|30em}}
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* {{cite web |title=Waste management programme |year=2011 |publisher=Thiruvarur Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu |url=http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/Tiruvarur/sal_solidwastemanagement.html |access-date=26 June 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Waste management programme|2011}} }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/Tiruvarur/ Thiruvarur municipality official website]
*[http://tiruvarur.nic.in/ Tiruvarur district official website]

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Tiruvarur district}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tiruvarur district]]

Vijay Kumar (molecular biologist)

2026-02-12T06:11:14Z

Vaibhu: done.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Vijay Kumar
| image =
| alt =
| caption = August 2014
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|11|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sasaram]], [[Bihar]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Molecular biology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[AIIMS Delhi]] | [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University]] | [[Magadh University]] | [[AIIMS Delhi]] | [[Louis Pasteur University]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[reproductive immunology]]
| awards = {{ublist| 1997 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}
'''Vijay Kumar''' (born 7 November 1954) is an Indian molecular biologist, [[virologist]] and an honorary scientist at the [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]]. Known for his research in [[hepatology]], Kumar is an elected fellow of [[National Academy of Sciences, India]], [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]], and [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]] as well as a J. C. Bose National Fellow of the [[Department of Biotechnology]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1997.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link – please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==
[[File:AIIMS central lawn.jpg|thumb|235px|left|AIIMS Delhi]]
Vijay Kumar was born on 7 November 1954 at [[Sasaram]], a place known for its [[quarries]], in [[Rohtas district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref name="Profile on NAAS">{{Cite web |url=http://naasindia.org/detail.php?id=259 |title=Profile on NAAS |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences}}</ref> His early college education was at Sahibganj College of [[Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University]] from where he completed his BSc (Hons) in zoology in 1972 and earned an MSc from [[Magadh University]] in 1975. Subsequently, he joined the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi]] as a junior research fellow and continued there for his doctoral studies as a Lady Tata Senior Research Scholar to secure a PhD in 1984 for his thesis, ''Molecular interactions of progesterone with its receptor in human uterus''.<ref name="Ex PhDs of the department with year of award & thesis titles">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aiims.edu/en/notices/120-reproductive-biology.html |title=Ex PhDs of the department with year of award & thesis titles |date=2017 |publisher=AIIMS, Delhi}}</ref> He started his career the same year by joining AIIMS faculty as a junior research officer at the department of biophysics but took a sabbatical to move to ''Institut de Chimie Biologique'', [[Strasbourg]] as an exchange scholar of [[Louis Pasteur University]] and did his post-doctoral studies till 1988. Returning to India, he joined [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]] (ICGEB), New Delhi as a research scientist where he served out his regular career till his superannuation in 2014. During this period, he held various positions such as senior research scientist (1998–2001), staff research scientist (2002–13), staff scientist (2013–14) and headed the Virology Group from 2013 to 2014. Post-retirement, he continues his association with ICGEB as an emeritus scientist and as J. C. Bose National Fellow.<ref name="Faculty profile">{{Cite web |url=https://icgeb.academia.edu/VijayKumar/CurriculumVitae |title=Faculty profile |date=2017 |publisher=International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:HBV Genome.svg|thumb|The genome organisation of HBV; the genes overlap. ORF X, in yellow, encodes HBx.]]
Vijay Kumar focused his research on the assembly, [[gene cloning|cloning]] and [[Gene expression|expression]] of genes and on the role played by steroid hormone receptors as well as [[oncogenic]] viruses in producing cancer cells.<ref name="Faculty profile" /> He has done pioneering research on [[Hepatitis B virus]]<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=164 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize}}</ref> and his studies widened the understanding of the [[trans-activating domain]] of the [[HBx]] protein.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |page=71 |date=1999}}</ref> He contributed in developing a protocol for assembling [[Epitope|multiepitope]] protein gene which assisted in the studies of the [[immunobiology]] of the virus. His research collaboration with [[Debi Prasad Sarkar]] assisted him to demonstrate for the first time that [[HBx]] protein stimulated [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase|Mitogen-activated]] [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase#Signaling cascades|signaling cascades]] ''[[in vivo]]''.<ref name="BurmaChakravorty2011">{{cite book|author1=D. P. Burma|author2=Maharani Chakravorty|title=From Physiology and Chemistry to Biochemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CaQ3-x3LXMC&pg=PA146|year=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-3220-5|pages=146–}}</ref> His research has been documented and cited in texts and articles<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vijay_Kumar91 |title=On ResearchGate |date=2017 }}</ref><ref name="A DIRECT GRASS ROOT EXPERIENCE FROM BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE TO APPLIED POTENTIAL LEADING TO PATENTING/COMMERCIALIZATION">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sristi.org/material/mdpipr2003/MDPIPR2003CD/pres4%20IIM_PDF.PDF |title=A DIRECT GRASS ROOT EXPERIENCE FROM BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE TO APPLIED POTENTIAL LEADING TO PATENTING/COMMERCIALIZATION |date=2017 |publisher=IIM Ahmedabad |access-date=20 March 2017 |archive-date=21 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081918/http://www.sristi.org/material/mdpipr2003/MDPIPR2003CD/pres4%20IIM_PDF.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and he has contributed chapters to books published by others.<ref name="GossenKaufmann2012">{{cite book|author1=Manfred Gossen|author2=Jörg Kaufmann|author3=Steven J. Triezenberg|title=Transcription Factors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6DLtCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA377|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-18932-6|pages=377–}}</ref><ref name="JameelVillareal2000">{{cite book|author1=Dr. Shahid Jameel|author2=Luis Villareal|title=Advances in Animal Virology: Papers Presented at the Second ICGEB-UCI Virology Symposium, New Delhi, November 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqkVAQAAMAAJ|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-57808-094-6}}</ref>

Kumar is a member of the Institutional Ethics Review Board (IERB-JNU) of the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]<ref name="Institutional Ethics Review Board">{{Cite web |url=http://beta.jnu.ac.in/ierb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321085058/http://beta.jnu.ac.in/ierb |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-03-21 |title=Institutional Ethics Review Board |date=2017 |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University }}</ref> and was a member of the Advisory Committee for [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] for the years, 2005, 2011 and 2014.<ref name="Faculty profile" /> He served as a principal investigator for a number of projects by [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]]<ref name="List of Approved Projects during year 2010-11">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/int-10-11.pdf |title=List of Approved Projects during year 2010–11 |date=2011 |publisher=Department of Science and Technology}}</ref> and [[Department of Biotechnology]].<ref name="Studies on the molecular mechanisms of deregulation of mammalian DNA replication by viral oncoproteins">{{Cite web |url=http://www.helpbiotech.co.in/2012/10/molecular-virology-icgeb-research.html |title=Studies on the molecular mechanisms of deregulation of mammalian DNA replication by viral oncoproteins |date=2012 |publisher=Help Biotech}}</ref><ref name="Evaluation of the oncogenic potential of signal transduction domains of the Hepatitis-B virus X protein in a transgenic environment">{{Cite web |url=http://www.incredb.org/dbt_completed_project.html |title=Evaluation of the oncogenic potential of signal transduction domains of the Hepatitis-B virus X protein in a transgenic environment |date=2017 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=20 March 2017 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513040937/http://www.incredb.org/dbt_completed_project.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The invited lectures or key note addresses delivered by him include the presentation on ''Epigenetic control of origin licensing during mammalian DNA replication'' at the [[Indian Science Congress]] of 2012<ref name="Indian Science Congress of 2012">{{Cite web |url=http://www.isc2012.com/pdf/sections/new_biology.pdf |title=Indian Science Congress of 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Indian Science Congress |access-date=20 March 2017 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204141306/https://isc2012.com/pdf/sections/new_biology.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> among others.<ref name="Events of the Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sau.int/academics/faculties/faculty-of-life-sciences-biotechnology/10-faculties/flsb.html |title=Events of the Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology |date=2017 |publisher=South Asian University}}</ref><ref name="First National Conference on Mapping the “Materials Genome”">{{Cite web |url=http://snu.edu.in/pdf/SNU-NC-on-Materials-Genome-poster.pdf |title=First National Conference on Mapping the "Materials Genome" |date=2013 |publisher=Shiv Nadar University |access-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519041627/http://snu.edu.in/pdf/SNU-NC-on-Materials-Genome-poster.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Kumar won a number of prizes during his academic studies which included the Kul Prize for Best Science graduate of [[Bhagalpur University]] (1972), DPI Merit Scholarship during 1973–75 and the Gold Medal of Magadh University in 1977 for standing first in MSc examination.<ref name="Faculty profile" /> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1997.<ref name="Medical Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Medical_SCIENCES.htm |title=Medical Sciences |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224074105/http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Medical_SCIENCES.htm |archive-date=24 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The list of research fellowships held by him features Lady Tata Senior Research Scholarship of Lady Tata Memorial Trust (1982–84), Indo-French Scientific and Cultural Exchange Fellowship (1984–85) and the J. C. Bose National Fellowship of the Department of Biotechnology in 2013.<ref name="Ex PhDs of the department with year of award & thesis titles" /> He received the Gold Medal of the Zoological Society of India in 1998.<ref name="Faculty profile" /> In 2002 he was elected as a fellow by the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]].<ref name="NASI fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=K |title=NASI fellows |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |access-date=20 March 2017 |archive-date=15 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315081652/http://nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=K |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]] elected him as a fellow in 2004<ref name="NAAS Fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://naasindia.org/page.php?pageid=29 |title=NAAS Fellows |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences}}</ref> and he became a fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] in 2013.<ref name="NAMS Fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf |title=NAMS Fellows |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences}}</ref> The award orations delivered by him include the 2013 Ramniklal J. Kinarivala Oration Award of Gujarat Cancer Society.<ref name="Faculty profile" />

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last=Grace Fatima, Ganeshan Mathan, Vijay Kumar |title=The HBx protein of hepatitis B virus regulates the expression, intracellular distribution and functions of ribosomal protein S27a |journal=Journal of General Virology |date=2012 |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=706–715 |doi=10.1099/vir.0.035691-0|pmid=22158882 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Nagisa Nosrati, Neetu R. Kapoor, Vijay Kumar |title=Combinatorial action of transcription factors orchestrates cell cycle-dependent expression of the ribosomal protein genes and ribosome biogenesis |journal=The FEBS Journal |date=2014 |volume=281 |issue=10 |pages=2339–2352 |doi=10.1111/febs.12786|pmid=24646001 |s2cid=205134793 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Kaveri Sidhu, Vijay Kumar |title=c-ETS transcription factors play an essential role in the licensing of human MCM4 origin of replication |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms |year=2015 |publication-date=2015 |volume=1849 |issue=11 |pages=1319–1328 |doi=10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.09.005|pmid=26365772 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Pallavi Rajput, Surendra K Shukla, Vijay Kumar |title=The HBx oncoprotein of hepatitis B virus potentiates cell transformation by inducing c-Myc-dependent expression of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF |journal=Virology Journal |date=2015 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=62 |doi=10.1186/s12985-015-0293-5|pmid=25890091 |pmc=4424551 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Richa Ahuja, Neetu Rohit Kapoor, Vijay Kumar |title=The HBx oncoprotein of Hepatitis B virus engages Nucleophosmin to promote rDNA transcription and cellular proliferation |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research |year=2015 |publication-date=2015 |volume=1853 |issue=8 |pages=1783–1795 |doi=10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.012|pmid=25918010 |doi-access=free }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Epitope mapping]]
* [[Viral protein]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite journal |title=Epigenetic control in DNA replication |journal=Nature India |date=30 July 2012 |publisher=Nature Asia|doi=10.1038/nindia.2012.113 }}

{{SSBPST recipients in Medical Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Vijay}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sasaram]]
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Indian virologists]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Magadh University alumni]]
[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Rohtas district]]
[[Category:Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University alumni]]

Rambali Singh Chandravanshi

2026-02-10T02:54:14Z

Vaibhu: starting initial biography added tags.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Member of Legislative Council
| name = Ram Bali Singh Chandravanshi
| image =
| birth_date = 15 October 1963
| birth_place = Ojha Bigha, Baidrabad
| citizenship = India
| education = I.Sc, B.Sc, M.Sc, LLB, Ph.D From Patna University
| occupation = Professor, Politician
| party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
| spouse = Gita Devi
| father = Ramanand Singh
}}
'''Ram Bali Singh Chandravanshi''' (born 15 October 1963) is an Indian politician from the state of Bihar. Since the elections on June 29, 2020, he has been a member of the Bihar Legislative Council.<ref>{{cite web |title=Newly elected legislators of Bihar take oath know who became MLC |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-newly-elected-legislators-of-bihar-take-oath-know-who-became-mlc-20460030.html |website=jagran.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar Legislative Council Bye Election 2020 |url=https://www.biharvidhanparishad.gov.in/Members/Member_List.htm |website=biharvidhanparishad.gov.in}}</ref> He is also the President of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] Extremely Backward Cell.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Secretary of Extremely Backward Cell |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/aurangabad/news/rjd-is-the-general-secretary-of-uttarpichada-cell-035158-3382200.html |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=www.bhaskar.com}}</ref> He currently also serves as an associate prof in [[Bihar National College]] of [[Patna University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Ram Bali Singh (Department of Geology) |url=https://www.bncollegepatna.com/profile/view_facuilty.php?sna=rambali@bncollege.com |website=bncollegepatna.com}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
He was born in a poor family of Village Ojha Bigha, Post Baidrabad, District [[Arwal district|Arwal]] on 15 October 1963. His father was Ramanand Singh. He is currently designated as HOD and Assistant Professor in Geology Department of BN College, Patna University. He also serves as an associate professor in [[Bihar National College]] of [[Patna University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Ram Bali Singh MLC |url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/executive-chairman-of-bihar-legislative-council-administered-oath-to-nine-newly-elected-memberselected |website=amarujala.com}}</ref>

== Education ==
He Post Graduated in M.Sc. from Patna Science College (Department of [[Geology]]) from Patna University in 1987. He later completed his [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] and got a degree in 1991 from [[Patna Law College]] under Patna University. Then he completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree from [[Patna University]] in the year 2002.

== Political career ==
He started his political career with the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] Party, He has made many movements at the district level and state level for the upliftment of the poor, dalit, backward and extremely backward society. [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] Party delegated him the state president of the Extremely Backward Cell, later [] as a member of [[Bihar Legislative Council]] on 29 June 2020.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:People from Arwal district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Members of the Bihar Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Bihar National College]]

Rajindar Pal Wadhwa

2026-02-10T02:50:40Z

Vaibhu: starting basic stub with sources.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Rajindar Pal Wadhwa
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1932|9|3}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Microwave engineering]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] | [[Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute|CEERI]] | [[National Physical Laboratory of India|National Physical Laboratory]]}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Science]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[Microwave Engineering]] and Vacuum Devices
| awards = {{ublist|1972 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1980 J. C. Bose Memorial Award }}
}}
'''Rajindar Pal Wadhwa''' (born 3 September 1932) is an Indian engineer, microwave technologist and a former deputy general manager of [[Bharat Electronics Limited]].<ref name="Symposium on Vacuum Measurements and Leak Detection">{{Cite web |url=http://nplindia.org/annual_report/1971-73/so.pdf |title=Symposium on Vacuum Measurements and Leak Detection |date=2016 |publisher=National Physical Laboratory}}</ref> He is also a former deputy director of the [[Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute]] (CEERI) and the [[National Physical Laboratory of India]]<ref name="23rd Technical Convention of IETE">{{Cite journal |title=23rd Technical Convention of IETE |journal = IETE Journal of Research|volume = 25|issue = 10|pages = 438|date=2016 |doi=10.1080/03772063.1979.11451962}}</ref> and is known for his studies on Microwave Engineering and Vacuum Devices.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=105 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 1972.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=12 November 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
[[File:CFA L-4756A.jpg|thumb|235px|A water-cooled cross-field amplifier]]
R. P. Wadhwa, born on 3 September 1932, secured a PhD from [[Indian Institute of Science]] in 1955 and started his career at [[Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute]] (CEERI) but moved to the US in 1956.<ref name="Additional author information">{{Cite journal |title=Additional author information |journal=IETE Journal of Research |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=485–487 |date=11 July 2015 |doi=10.1080/03772063.1980.11452205|last1 = Wadhwa|first1 = R.P.}}</ref> In US, he worked at [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] as a graduate teaching assistant (1956–58), at [[EBSCO Information Services]] as a junior engineer (1957), at [[IBM]] and as Engineer (1958–59), at [[University of Michigan]] as a research engineer (1959–63), at [[Litton Industries]] as a senior engineer (1963–66) and also had a short stint at [[University of California]] Extension Service as a part-time teacher. Returning to India in 1966, he resumed his career at CEERI as an assistant director. He served CEERI till 1970 when he was appointed as the deputy general manager of [[Bharat Electronics Limited]]<ref name="Institution Activities">{{Cite journal|title=Institution Activities |journal=IETE Journal of Education |volume=20 |pages=21–25 |date=2016 |doi=10.1080/09747338.1979.11450310 }}</ref> and in 1978, he joined the [[National Physical Laboratory of India]] as the deputy director, scientist (Grade-F) and the head of the Test Evaluation and Calibration Centre.<ref name="Research Advisory Council">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nplindia.org/annual_report/1981-1982/rcec.pdf |title=Research Advisory Council |date=2016 |publisher=National Physical Laboratory}}</ref> He has also served as the member secretary of the Research Advisory Council of NPL and as the project leader of the ''Carcinotron Project'', a joint venture of CEERI and [[UNESCO]].<ref name="Carcinotron Project">{{Cite web |title=Carcinotron Project |date=2016 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>

Wadhwa is known to have done extensive research in the fields of Indicator, X-ray, TV and transmitting tubes as well as crossed field devices,<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999}}</ref> especially on 3.5-dB Noise Figure [[Crossed-field amplifier]].<ref name="3.5-dB Noise Figure Crossed-Field Amplifier">{{Cite journal|title=3.5-dB Noise Figure Crossed-Field Amplifier |journal=IETE Journal of Research |volume=24 |issue=10–11 |pages=418–437 |date=2016 |doi=10.1080/03772063.1978.11451718 |last1=Wadhwa |first1=R. P. }}</ref> He has documented his researches by way of a number of articles and several authors have cited his work.<ref name="Sisodia2006">{{cite book|first=M. L. | last=Sisodia|title=Microwave Active Devices Vacuum and Solid State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mKs53pET-bkC&pg=SA2-PA44|date=1 January 2006|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1447-9|pages=2–}}</ref><ref name="Ishii1995">{{cite book|first=T. | last=Koryu Ishii|title=Handbook of Microwave Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3fNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA95|date=25 October 1995|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-053410-7|pages=95–}}</ref><ref name="Dunn2012">{{cite book|first=Donald | last=Dunn|title=Models of Particles and Moving Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3520Tq4mOAoC&pg=PA231|date=2 December 2012|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-323-15612-7|pages=231–}}</ref> He holds three patents and has delivered several keynote addresses and invited speeches.<ref name="23rd Technical Convention of IETE" /><ref name="Institution Activities" /> He has also mentored several masters and doctoral scholars in their studies.<ref name="Additional author information" /> A former vice president and president of the Indian Vacuum Society
and an Information Technology Advisor to [[National Institute of Science and Technology|NTCS Technology Consulting Services]],<ref name="Information Technology Advisors to NTCS">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ntcsindia.com/advisors.html |title=Information Technology Advisors to NTCS |date=2016 |publisher=National Institute of Science & Technology}}</ref> he is a fellow of the [[Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers]].<ref name="30th IETE-Ram Lal Wadhwa Gold Medal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iete.org/atc_vol_23_6/380.htm |title=30th IETE-Ram Lal Wadhwa Gold Medal |date=2016 |publisher=Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers}}</ref><ref name="Description of Awards">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iete.org/awardees2013.pdf |title=Description of Awards |date=2016 |publisher=Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1972<ref name="Engineering Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm |title=Engineering Sciences |date=2016 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211647/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm |archivedate=2015-09-23 }}</ref> and he received the J. C. Bose Memorial Award in 1980.<ref name="Additional author information" />

== See also ==
* [[Vacuum tubes]]
{{portal|India|Engineering}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite journal |last=R. P. Wadhwa |title=Crossed-Field Microwave Devices |journal=IETE Journal of Research |publication-date=1978 |volume=24 |issue=10–11 |pages=418–437 |doi=10.1080/03772063.1978.11451718|year=2015 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=R. P. Wadhwa |title=Testing and Evaluation as Per Standards-Key to Ensuring Quality Assurance and Improved Reliability |journal=IETE Journal of Research |publication-date=1980 |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=485–487 |doi=10.1080/03772063.1980.11452205|year=2015 }}

{{SSBPST recipients in Engineering Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wadhwa, Rajindar Pal}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Bandra Terminus–Surat Intercity Express

2026-01-23T07:59:29Z

Vaibhu: clean up

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Bandra Terminus-Surat Intercity Express
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]] & [[Gujarat]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Bandra Terminus]] (BDTS)
| stops = 8
| end = [[Surat railway station|Surat]] (ST)
| distance = {{convert|252|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 3 hours 45 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC Chair Car, First Class, Second Class Seating, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack = Overhead racks
| catering = On-board Catering, E-Catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12935 / 12936
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|65|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average excluding halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 12935 / 12936 '''Bandra Terminus-Surat Intercity Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Intercity express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between [[Bandra Terminus]] and [[Surat railway station|Surat]] of [[India]]. A daily service, it operates as train number 12935 from [[Bandra Terminus]] to [[Surat railway station|Surat]] and as train number 12936 in the reverse direction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-bandra-terminus-surat-intercity-express-12935/168/303/65 |title=12935/Bandra Terminus - Surat Intercity Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-surat-bandra-terminus-sf-intercity-express-12936/118/65/303 |title=12936/Surat - Bandra Terminus Intercity Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

==Coaches==

12935/36 '''Bandra Terminus - Surat Intercity Express''' has 3 AC chair car(CC), 1 First Class(FC), 6 2nd Class Seating(2S), 9 General Unreserved(GEN) and 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake(SLR) coaches.

As with most train services in India, Coach composition may be amended at the discretion of [[Indian Railways]] depending on demand.

==Service==

12935/12936 '''Bandra Terminus - Surat Intercity Express''' initially ran as 19035/36 which was later converted to the present train no. 12935/36.

It is a daily service covering the distance of 252 km in 3 hours 45 mins in both directions giving an average speed of 65 km/h.

==Route & halts==

The important halts of the train are:

* '''[[Bandra Terminus railway station|Bandra Terminus]]'''
* [[Andheri railway station|Andheri]]
* [[Borivali railway station|Borivali]]
* [[Virar railway station|Virar]]
* [[Boisar railway station|Boisar]]
* [[Umargam Road railway station|Umargam Road]]
* [[Vapi railway station|Vapi]]
* [[Valsad railway station|Valsad]]
* [[Bilimora railway station|Bilimora]]
* [[Navsari railway station|Navsari]]
* '''[[Surat railway station|Surat]]'''

==Traction==

It is regularly hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-5]] / [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from end to end.

==Rake sharing==

No Rake Sharing.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandra Terminus - Surat Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Surat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]

Phool Bahadur

2026-01-21T03:31:35Z

Vaibhu: starting initial details with sources

{{Short description|1928 Magahi novel by Jainath Pati}}

'''Fool Bahadur''' is a [[novel]] in [[Magahi language]] by Indian author Jayanath Pati that was published in 1928 and was the first novel written in Magahi Language.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sinha|first=Bindeshwari Prasad|title=Kayasthas in Making of Modern Bihar|publisher=Impression Publication|year=2003|pages=252}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Prasad|first=Bindeshwari Sinha|title=Comprehensive History of Bihar, Volume 3, Issue 2|publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute|year=1976|pages=605}}</ref> It was a [[Comic novel]] and was published on first of April on [[April Fools' Day]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Kapil Dev|title=Magahi ka adhunika sahitya, Volume 1|publisher=Parichat Prakasan|year=1969|pages=7}}</ref><ref>[https://www.outlookindia.com/culture-society/a-magahi-short-story-fool-bahadur-weekender_story-209559 A Magahi Novel : Fool Bahadur ] Outlook India 16 July 2022 </ref>

==References==
<references />

== External links ==

* [[iarchive:PhulBahadur|Fool Bahadur full text]]

[[Category:1928 novels]]
[[Category:Magahi language]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novels]]

Tarun Kanti Mishra

2026-01-10T23:27:42Z

Vaibhu: new.

{{short description|Indian author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Tarun Kanti Mishra
| image =
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1950|08|02}}
| birth_place = [[Kendujhar]]
| death_date =
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| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| monuments =
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| citizenship = Indian
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College]], [[Ravenshaw College]]
| occupation = Administrator
| years_active =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style =
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| title =
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| relatives = Arun Kanti Mishra
| callsign =
| awards = Central Sahitya Akademi Award, Odisha Sahitya Academy Award, [[Sarala Award]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website = {{URL|tarunkantimishra.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Tarun Kanti Mishra''' (born 2 August 1950) is an Indian [[Odia literature|Odia]] story writer. More than 15 of his books have been published. He got the Central Sahitya Akademi Award, Odisha Sahitya Academy award and Sarala Award for his contribution in literature and was an IAS in the profession and retired after being head of the administration department of Odisha. Then he also worked as Chief Information Commissioner of Odisha.

== Life ==
Tarun Kanti was born in 1950, in Kendujhar district. He did his schooling in Puri Zilla School and P.M. Academy, Cuttack. He completed graduation from Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College in Economics and post graduation in Applied Economics from Utkal University. He also holds an MA degree from the [[University of East Anglia]].

He wished to become a teacher, but joined administrative service to meet family expectations. He joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1101120/jsp/orissa/story_13199433.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118010308/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1101120/jsp/orissa/story_13199433.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2018|title=Orissa - I can feel the pulse of common man|website=Telegraphindia.com|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref> After being in administrative positions in various Government of Odisha departments, he became head of the state administration in August 2009. He retired in August 2010. [[Government of Odisha]] appointed him as State Information Commissioner in November 2010. He relinquished this office in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/odisha-chief-information-commissioner-tarun-kanti-mishra-resigned-1423804997-1|title=Odisha Chief Information Commissioner Tarun Kanti Mishra resigned|date=13 February 2015|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>

== Literature life ==
Tarun Kanti Mishra's first story ''Hey Pruthibira Naagarika'' was published in the reputed literary magazine ''Aasantaakaali'' at the age of fourteen. His first anthology of short stories was published in 1968 while studying BJB College, Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/my-mother-is-my-source-of-inspiration.html |title='My mother is my source of inspiration' |access-date=2018-01-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116004530/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/my-mother-is-my-source-of-inspiration.html |archive-date=2018-01-16 }}</ref> He has published18 anthologies and one novel. Many of his works have been translated into [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Urdu]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissasoochanacommission.nic.in/tmishra.html|title=OIC ::Shri Tarun Kanti Mishra|website=Orissasoochanacommission.nic.in|access-date=17 January 2018|archive-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116004509/http://www.orissasoochanacommission.nic.in/tmishra.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He authored a novel against the backdrop of Dandakaranya, a vast territory inhabited by immigrants of erstwhile East Pakistan and a large tribal population.

=== Works ===
* Aabrtara Duiti Swara
* Nisangatara Swara
* Komala Gandhaara
* Bahubrihi
* Paaraadise Pakhi
* Jane Nirastra Attatayi
* Bitansa
* Prajaapatira Denaa Naahi
* Aakasha Setu
* Lubdhakara Raati<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odiasahitya.com/galpa-and-prabandha/komala-gandhara/3/|title=କୋମଳ ଗାନ୍ଧାର - ତରୁଣକାନ୍ତି ମିଶ୍ର - Odia Bhasha Ebam Sahitya|website=Odiasahitya.com|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
* Aji Ratir Galpa
* Bhaswati
* Kehi Jane Eka Eka
* Ajana tithi ra janha

==Honours and awards==
* [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]], 2019
* [[Odisha Sahitya Academy Award]] - 1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishasahityaakademi.org/sahitya-award7.php|title=Odisha Sahitya Akademi|website=Odishasahityaakademi.org|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Award]] 2001.
* Katha Award, New Delhi.
* Think Orissa Leadership Award - 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tarunkantimishra.in/about/|title=About Tarun Kanti Mishra - Tarun Kanti Mishra|website=Tarunkantimishra.in|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
* D.Litt. ([[North Odisha University]])

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Odia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Tarun Kanti}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of East Anglia]]
[[Category:Novelists from Odisha]]
[[Category:People from Kendujhar district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Odia]]
[[Category:Odia-language novelists]]
[[Category:Odia short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]

Nidhi Yasha

2026-01-09T01:56:39Z

Vaibhu: starting a entry added tags.

{{BLP sources|date=January 2026}}{{short description|Indian costume designer (born 1983)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nidhi Yasha
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|04|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]]
| death_place =
| yearsactive = 2010-present
| death_date =
| occupation = [[Costume designer]]
| spouse =
| children =
| website = https://nidhiyasha.com/
}}

'''Nidhi Yasha''' (born 26 April 1983) is an Indian costume designer.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121205/lifestyle-fashion/article/nifty-nidhi-dresses-television |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301210826/http://deccanchronicle.com/121205/lifestyle-fashion/article/nifty-nidhi-dresses-television |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 March 2013 |title=Nifty Nidhi dresses up television |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=2012-12-05 |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref> She designs costumes for Zee TV's ''Buddha and Star Plus TV'' series [[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)]](2013) with [[Bhanu Athaiya]] as her consulting faculty for the show.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-01/tv/38956339_1_bhanu-athaiya-mahabharat-indian-cinema |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508064116/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-01/tv/38956339_1_bhanu-athaiya-mahabharat-indian-cinema |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-05-08 |title=Nidhi Yasha to style & design for Mahabharat |date=2013-05-01 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref> Yasha said they studied over 450 books related to period textiles, costume and jewellery to arrive at the look for the show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Mahabharata-will-revive-Indian-handicrafts-Bhanu-Athaiya/Article1-1116790.aspx |title=Mahabharata will revive Indian handicrafts: Bhanu Athaiya |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2013-09-03 |accessdate=2013-10-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134147/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Mahabharata-will-revive-Indian-handicrafts-Bhanu-Athaiya/Article1-1116790.aspx |archivedate=2013-10-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/oscarwinning--bhanu-athaiya-designs-the-look-for-tv-show-mahabharat/1163922/ |title=Oscar-winning Bhanu Athaiya designs the look for TV show 'Mahabharat' |publisher=Indian Express |date=2013-09-03 |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1883406/report-oscar-winning-bhanu-athaiya-designs-the-look-for-tv-show-mahabhara |title=Oscar-winning Bhanu Athaiya designs the look for TV show Mahabharat - Entertainment - DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref>

==Career==
Nidhi created the costumes and styled the look for shows like ''[[Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath]]'', ''Devon Ka Dev Mahadev'', ''Chandragupta Maurya'', ''[[Shobha Somnath Ki]]'', ''Navya'', ''Anhoniyon Ka Andhera'', ''Durga'', ''Buddha'', ''Savitri'', ''Jodha-Akbar'', ''Mahabharat'' and films like ''Haunted'', ''Jal'', ''1920 Evil Returns'', ''Dangerous Ishhq'', ''Maximum'' and ''[[Zilla Ghaziabad]]'', and ''Policegiri.''

==Recognition==
She won an Indian Television Academy Award and Indian Telly award for her work in ''[[Shobha Somnath Ki]]'', on Zee TV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/indian-tv-industry-doesn-t-believe-in-realistic-looks-designer-nidhi-yasha_124911.html |title=Indian TV industry doesn't believe in realistic looks: designer Nidhi Yasha |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=2012-12-22 |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref>

Nidhi had worked as a costume designer for [[Swastik Pictures]] from 2009 to 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bhanu-athaiya-30-years-indias-first-oscar-win-india-today-158387-2013-04-09 |title=Bhanu Athaiya celebrates 30 years of India's first Oscar win : Celebrities, News - India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2013-04-10 |access-date=2013-10-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yasha, Nidhi}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian costume designers]]
[[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]
[[Category:Indian fashion designers]]
[[Category:Artists from Patna]]
[[Category:Women artists from Bihar]]

Currae Hospital

2026-01-02T01:24:02Z

Vaibhu: starting new details added tags

{{Short description|Hospital chain in India}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Currae Hospital
| logo = Currae logo.png
| logo_size = 200px
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| locations = [[Thane]] and [[Mumbai]]
| key_people = Apoorva Patni, Devendra Dabak (MD & CEO Patni Healthcare)
| industry = Healthcare, Hospital
| parent = Patni Healthcare Limited
| homepage = {{url|https://www.currae.com/}}
}}

'''Currae Hospital''' is a chain of multi-specialty hospitals in India. It has its hospitals in [[Thane]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref>[https://www.currae.com/hospital-network Hospital Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116021123/https://www.currae.com/hospital-network/ |date=16 November 2016 }}; Currae Hospitals</ref>

Currae is owned by Apoorva Patni, son of Ashok Patni who co-founded [[Patni Computer Systems]]. '''Patni Healthcare Ltd.''' owns and operates Currae Hospitals. It is engaged in providing specialties including [[Orthopedic surgery|orthopaedics]] and spine, general surgery, bariatric, [[gynaecology]], urology, plastic and [[Plastic surgery|cosmetic surgery]] and [[gastroenterology]]. It plans to set up about 20 hospitals under this brand focusing on child and mother care, [[Orthopedic surgery|orthopaedics]] and [[ophthalmology]]. Four were established between 2012 and 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Patni scion on mission to build hospital chain |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/patni-scion-on-mission-to-build-hospital-chain/article9395276.ece |accessdate=10 November 2018 |publisher=Hindu Business Line |date=28 November 2016}}</ref>

In 2016 it offered a cashless cataract surgery program for patients without health insurance where payment could be made by monthly installments without interest.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hospitals offer EMI scheme in face of cash crisis | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Hospitals-offer-EMI-scheme-in-face-of-cash-crisis/articleshow/55729864.cms | accessdate=10 November 2018 |publisher=Times of India |date=1 December 2016}}</ref>

Currae Hospitals was recognised by the [[National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers]], India in 2017 for its quality of healthcare <ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Gallery.aspx?id=01_07_2017_010_022&type=A&eid=31839|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814145655/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Gallery.aspx?id=01_07_2017_010_022&type=A&eid=31839|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 August 2017|title=The Times Group|website=epaperbeta.timesofindia.com|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref>

==Expansion & network==

Apoorva Patni (Director at Currae Healthcare - a Patni enterprise), is planning an investment of Rs.500 crore to set up 30 hospitals by 2022. Two hospitals in areas of ortho-spine, mother & child and Infertility Treatment have been set up in Mumbai & Thane with an investment of Rs.100 crore.<ref>[http://www.livemint.com/Companies/jcb6xEy8ug6ADINzxagDHK/Apoorva-Patni-plans-to-invest-Rs100-crore-in-healthcare-sect.html Apoorva Patni Plans to invest Rs100 crore in healthcare sector ];</ref>

Currae Hospitals currently has 2 hospitals in its network :<ref>[https://www.currae.com/our-brands/ Currae Hospital Networks in India];</ref>

* Currae Specialty Hospital, Thane (W) (Kapurbawdi Junction)
* Currae Women's Hospital, Thane (W) (Ghodbunder Road)

It has established an investment fund, the Currae HealthTech Fund, which has made investments in 17 health technology companies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why healthcare ideas need profitability, Currae's Patni and Mahipal explain |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/why-healthcare-ideas-need-profitability-currae-s-patni-and-mahipal-explain-118011800051_1.html |accessdate=10 November 2018 |publisher=Business Standard |date=18 January 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hospitals with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Hospital networks in India]]

Trimeresurus arunachalensis

2025-12-16T04:01:37Z

Vaibhu: details

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| genus = Trimeresurus
| species = arunachalensis
| authority = [[Ashok Captain|Captain]], [[V. Deepak|Deepak]], [[Rohan Pandit (wildlife researcher)|Pandit]], [[Bharat Bhatt|Bhatt]], and [[Ramana Athreya|Athreya]], 2019
}}

'''''Trimeresurus arunachalensis''''', the '''Arunachal pitviper''', is a [[species]] of [[venom]]ous [[pit viper]] endemic to the [[India]]n state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. It is only known from the village of Ramda in the [[West Kameng district]], where a single specimen was discovered during biodiversity surveys. It can physically be distinguished by its scalation, its acutely pointed snout reminiscent of the [[Hypnale hypnale|hump-nosed viper]] (''Hypnale hypnale''), and its brownish dorsal coloration with glossy orange-reddish-brown sides and belly. The last new species of (green) pit viper was described from India 70 years before the discovery of ''T. arunachalensis''. Genetic analysis indicates that the closest relative of this species is the [[Tibetan bamboo pitviper|Tibetan bamboo pit viper]] (''T. tibetanus''). The single specimen known of this species makes it one of the rarest known pit vipers in the world, though further surveys of the forest habitat will likely reveal more individuals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Athreya|first1=Ramana|last2=Bhatt|first2=Bharat|last3=Pandit|first3=Rohan|last4=Deepak|first4=V.|last5=Captain|first5=Ashok|date=2019-03-02|title=A New Species of Pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Trimeresurus Lacepède, 1804) from West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India|url=http://rjh.folium.ru/index.php/rjh/article/view/1423|journal=Russian Journal of Herpetology|language=en|volume=26|issue=2|pages=111–122–122|doi=10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-2-111-122|s2cid=213720633 |issn=1026-2296|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/05/meet-the-new-species-of-venomous-pit-viper-described-from-india/|title=Meet the new species of venomous pit viper described from India|date=2019-05-09|website=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/indias-newest-pit-viper-found-in-arunachal/article27077046.ece|title=India's newest pit viper found in Arunachal Pradesh|last=Karmakar|first=Rahul|date=2019-05-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-05-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q64008981}}

[[Category:Trimeresurus|arunachelensis]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2019]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Veerappan Deepak]]
[[Category:Species known from a single specimen]]
{{snake-stub}}

Hemidactylus easai

2025-12-16T04:00:44Z

Vaibhu: New New Post Needs Work

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Speciesbox
| status =
| genus = Hemidactylus
| species = easai
| authority = Das, Pal, Siddharth, Palot, Deepak, & Narayanan, 2022
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Hemidactylus easai''''' is a species of [[gecko]] endemic to [[India]].<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Hemidactylus|species=easai}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q111745144}}

[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Hemidactylus]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2022]]

{{Hemidactylus-stub}}

Amaravati Stupa

2025-12-05T00:12:00Z

Vaibhu: page edit

{{Short description|Ancient Buddhist site in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Amaravati Stupa
| image =British Museum Asia 14.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| locmapin = India#India Andhra_Pradesh
| map_relief = yes
| map_width = 270
| map_caption =
| map_dot_mark =
| coordinates = {{coord|16.5753|N|80.3580|E|display=inline,title}}
| caption = Depiction of the stupa, from the site
| location = [[Amaravathi (village), Guntur district|Amaravathi]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| height = originally perhaps 73 m (241 ft)
| built = 3rd Century BCE
}}
[[File:Amaravathi Sthupa 02.JPG|thumb|right|Ruins of the stupa, 2012]]
[[File:Amaravati stupa. Model. Amaravati.JPG|thumb|right|A model of the original stupa, final phase, as reconstructed by archaeologists]]

'''Amarāvati Stupa''' is a ruined [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[Stupa|stūpa]] at the village of [[Amaravathi, Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India, probably built in phases between the third century BCE and about 250 CE. It was enlarged and new sculptures replaced the earlier ones, beginning in about 50 CE.<ref>Shimada, 74</ref> The site is under the protection of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], and includes the stūpa itself and the Archaeological Museum.<ref name="asi.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_amravati.asp|title=Archaeological Museum, Amaravati - Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref>

The surviving important sculptures from the site are now in a number of museums in India and abroad; many are considerably damaged. The great majority of sculptures are in [[relief]], and the surviving sculptures do not include very large iconic Buddha figures, although it is clear these once existed. The largest collections are the group in the Government Museum, [[Chennai]] (along with the friezes excavated from [[Goli, Andhra Pradesh|Goli]]), that in the Amaravati Archaeological Museum, and the [[Amaravati Marbles|group in the British Museum]] in London. Others are given below.<ref>[https://www.basas.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Museums.pdf PDF List from the BASAS Project]</ref>

Art historians regard the art of Amaravati as one of the three major styles or schools of ancient Indian art, the other two being the [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] style, and the [[Greco-Buddhist art|Gandharan]] style.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pal |first=Pratapaditya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clUmKaWRFTkC&q=Andhra+style+of+sculpture |title=Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700 |publisher=[[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-520-05991-7 |pages=154 |language=en |author-link=Pratapaditya Pal}}</ref> Largely because of the maritime trading links of the East Indian coast, the Amaravati school or Andhra style of sculpture, seen in a number of sites in the region, had great influence on art in South India, [[Sri Lanka]] and [[South-East Asia]].<ref>Rowland, 210</ref>

Like other major early Indian stupas, but to an unusual extent, the Amaravati sculptures include several representations of the stupa itself, which although they differ, partly reflecting the different stages of building, give a good idea of its original appearance, when it was for some time "the greatest monument in Buddhist Asia",<ref name="Harle, 35">Harle, 35</ref> and "the jewel in the crown of early Indian art".<ref>Harle, 34</ref>

==Name of the site==
The name Amaravathi is relatively modern, having been applied to the town and site after the Amareśvara Liṅgasvāmin temple was built in the eighteenth century.<ref>South Indian transliteration differs from Hunterian transliteration, thus Amarāvatī can appear as Amarāvathī, Ratana as Rathana, etc.</ref> The ancient settlement, just next to the modern [[Amaravathi, Palnadu district|Amaravathi]] village, is now called [[Dharanikota]]; this was a significant place in ancient times, probably a capital city. The oldest maps and plans, drawn by [[Colin Mackenzie]] and dated 1816, label the ''stūpa'' simply as the ''deepaladimma'' or 'hill of lights'.<ref>For link to maps and plans at the British Library: [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/amaravati/mapsandplans.html The Amaravati Album]</ref> The monument was not called a ''stūpa'' in ancient inscriptions, but rather the ''mahācetiya'' or great sanctuary.<ref>Pia Brancaccio, ''The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion'' (Leiden: Brill, 2011), p. 47.</ref>

==History==
The stupa, or ''mahāchetiya'', was possibly founded in the third century BCE in the time of [[Asoka]] but there is no decisive evidence for the date of foundation.<ref>Shimada, 66</ref> The earliest inscription from the site belongs to the early centuries BCE but it cannot be assigned to Aśoka with certainty.<ref>See Harry Falk, ''Aśokan Sites and Artefacts: A Source-Book with Bibliography'' (Mainz: Von Zabern, 2006).</ref> The earliest phase from which we have architectural or sculpted remains seems to be post-Mauryan, from the 2nd century BCE.<ref>Shimada, 72</ref>

The main construction phases of Amaravati fall in two main periods, with the stupa enlarged in the second by additions to the main solid earth mound, faced with brick, consisting of railings (''vedikā'') and carved slabs placed around the ''stūpa'' proper. As elsewhere these slabs are usually called 'drum slabs' because they were placed round the vertical lower part or "drum" ([[tholobate]]) of the ''stūpa''. In the early period (circa 200–100 BCE), the ''stūpa'' had a simple railing consisting of granite pillars, with plain cross-bars, and coping stones. The coping stones with youths and animal reliefs, the early drum slabs, and some other early fragments belong to this period. The ''stūpa'' must have been fairly large at this time, considering the size of the granite pillars (some of which are still seen ''in situ'', following excavations).<ref>Shimada, 72-74</ref>
[[File:Amaravati2 Elliot.png|thumb|Reconstruction of the Amaravati Stupa, by or after [[Walter Elliot (naturalist)|Sir Walter Elliott]] 1845<ref>see BM, 6</ref>]]

The late period of construction started around ca. 50 BCE and continued until circa 250 CE. The exterior surfaces of the stupa and the railings were in effect all new, with the old elements reused or discarded. [[James Burgess (archaeologist)|James Burgess]] in his book of 1887 on the site, noted that:<ref>quoted, Shimada, 71, from ''The Buddhist Stupar of Amaravati and Jaggayyapeta in the Krishna District, Piadras Presidency, surveyed in 1882'', published Trubner, 1887</ref><blockquote>wherever one digs at the back of the outer rail, broken slabs, statues &etc, are found jammed in behind it. The dark slate slabs too of the procession path are laid on a sort of concrete formed of marble chips, broken slabs, pillars &etc ...</blockquote>

At the base the dome seems to have been brought out by 2.4 metres all round, the distance between the outer face of the old drum wall, and that of the new one. The older wall was 2.4 metres thick and the new one 1.2 metres. The size and shape of the new dome is uncertain.<ref name="Shimada, 82">Shimada, 82</ref>

The earlier ''vedika'' railings were also replaced with larger ones, with more sculpture. Some of the old stones were recycled elsewhere on the site. The pillars had mostly been plain, but there was a coping carved in relief at the top.<ref>Shimada, 64, plates 5-12</ref> Burgess estimated that the new railings were some 3 metres tall, 59 metres in diameter, with 136 pillars and 348 crossbars, running for 803 feet in total.<ref name="Shimada, 82"/>

The work of this period has generally been divided into three phases on the basis of the styles and content of the railing sculpture and so dates that can be assigned to parts of the great limestone railing.<ref>Shimada, 82-83, for Shimada see [https://www.newpaltz.edu/history/profile/akirashimada Akira Shimada]</ref> Shimada dates the first phase to 50–1 BCE, about the same period as the [[Sanchi]] ''stūpa'' I gateways. The second phase is 50–100 CE, the same period as [[Karli Caves|Karli]] ''[[chaitya]]'' and the [[Pandavleni Caves]] (no. 3 and 10) at [[Nasik]]. The third phase is circa 200–250 CE based on comparisons with [[Nagarjunakonda]] sculpture. Some other types of sculpture belong to an even later time, about the seventh or eighth centuries, and include standing Bodhisattvas and goddesses. Amaravātī continued to be active after this time, probably to about the thirteenth century.

The Chinese traveller and Buddhist monk Hiuen Tsang ([[Xuanzang]]) visited Amaravati in 640 CE, stayed for some time and studied the ''[[Abhidhammapitakam]]''. He wrote an enthusiastic account of the place, and the [[vihara]]s and monasteries there.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030207040625/http://www.odiseos.net/XTWeb/index.html Travels of Xuanzang]</ref> It was still mentioned in Sri Lanka and Tibet as a centre of [[Esoteric Buddhism]] as late as the 14th century.<ref>BM, 1</ref>
[[File:Amaravati Stupa 1817.jpg|thumb|220px|Plan of the Amaravati Stupa as sketched by [[Colin Mackenzie]] in 1816.<ref>see BM, 3</ref>]]

During the period of the [[decline of Buddhism in India]], the stupa was neglected and was buried under rubble and grass. A 14th-century inscription in [[Sri Lanka]] mentions repairs made to the stupa, and after that it was forgotten. The stupa is related to the [[Vajrayana]] teachings of [[Kalachakra]], still practiced today in [[Tibetan Buddhism]].<ref>Kilty, G ''Ornament of Stainless Light'', Wisdom 2004, {{ISBN|0-86171-452-0}}</ref> The [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]] conducted a Kalachakra initiation at this location in 2006, attended by over 100,000 pilgrims.<ref>Becker, 6</ref>

==Recovery==
Westerners were first alerted to the ruins of the Stupa at Amaravati after a visit in 1797 by Major [[Colin Mackenzie]].<ref name=anc>[http://www.ancientindia.co.uk/buddha/explore/introb1.html Buddha], ancientindia.co.uk, retrieved 19 December 2013</ref> On the right bank of the [[Krishna River]]<ref name=right>{{cite book|last=Erdosy|first=George|title=The archaeology of early historic South Asia: the emergence of cities and states|year=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521376955|page=146|edition=1. publ.|display-authors=etal}}</ref> in the Andhra district of southeast [[India]], Mackenzie came across a huge [[Buddhist]] construction built of bricks and faced with slabs of limestone.<ref>[http://www.pilgrimtrips.com/buddhism-in-india/buddhist-pilgrim-sites/amravati-andhra-pradesh/ Amravati], PilgrimTrips, retrieved 12 January 2014</ref> By the time he returned in 1816, indiscriminate excavations led by the powerful local [[zamindar]] [[Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu]] had already destroyed what remained of the structure and many of the stones and bricks had been reused to build local houses.<ref name=anc/> Mackenzie carried out further excavations, recorded what he saw and drew a plan of the stupa.<ref name=chen>Government Museum Website [http://www.chennaimuseum.org/ Government Museum homepage (and then click on "Archaeology"], Chennai Museum, Tamil Nadu, retrieved 11 January 2014</ref>

In 1845, Sir [[Walter Elliot (Scottish naturalist)|Walter Elliot]] of the Madras Civil Service explored the area around the stupa and excavated near the west gate of the railing, removing many sculptures to Madras (now Chennai). They were kept outside the local college before being transported to the [[Government Museum, Chennai|Madras Museum]]. At this time India was run by the [[East India Company]] and it was to that company that the curator of the museum appealed. The curator Dr [[Edward Balfour]] was concerned that the artefacts were deteriorating so in 1853 he started to raise a case for them to be moved. Elliot seems to have made extensive notes and sketches of his excavations, but most of these were lost getting back to England.<ref>Shimada, 88</ref>

[[File:Amaravati Stupa excavation of the South Gate 1880.jpg|thumb|Excavation of the south gate of the stupa by J.G. Horsfall in 1880.<ref>BM, 5</ref>]]

By 1855, he had arranged for both photographs and drawings to be made of the artifacts, now called the ''Elliot Marbles''. 75 photographs taken by Captain [[Linnaeus Tripe]] are now in the British Library. Many of the sculptures were exported to London in 1859,<ref name=indiatoday>{{cite news|last=Roy|first=Amit|title=Out of Amatavati|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19921231-british-museum-displays-masterpieces-of-buddhist-sculptures-from-amravati-767336-2012-12-21|access-date=21 December 2013|newspaper=IndiaToday|date=December 1992}}</ref> though more remained in Madras. Robert Sewell, under [[James Burgess (archaeologist)|James Burgess]], first Director of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], made further excavations in the 1880s, recording his excavations in some detail with drawings and sketches but not in the detail that would now be expected.<ref name=anc/>

Plans have also been put in place to create a purpose built exhibition space for the sculptures still in India. Those marbles not in an air-conditioned store were said to show signs of damage from the atmosphere and salt.<ref name=indiatoday/> The Chennai museum has plans for an air-conditioned gallery to install the sculptures, but these goals have yet to be realised.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=History in stone|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/01/28/stories/2002012800200300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020214061154/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/01/28/stories/2002012800200300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2002|access-date=22 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 January 2002}}</ref>

==Sculptures==
[[File:Periodo pre-murya, sculture dallo stupa buddista di amaravati, presso guntur, a. pradesh, medaglione, 150 dc ca. 15.jpg|thumb|220px|Later period railing pillar, incomplete at top]]

The history of the sculptures for the stupa is complicated and scholarly understanding of it is still developing. The subject matter of many detailed narrative reliefs is still unidentified,<ref>BM, 48-57</ref> and many reliefs of the first main phase round the drum were turned round in the second, and recarved on their previously plain backs, before being re-mounted on the drum. The earlier sculptures, now invisible and facing into the stupa, were often badly abraded or worn down in this position.<ref>Becker, 7-9; Shimada, 71; Shimada, plates 20 and 21 illustrate both sides of an example.</ref>

In the final form of the stupa, it seems that all the sculpture of the early phase was eventually replaced, and new sculpture added in positions where there had been none before, giving a profusion of sculpture, both relief and free-standing, on the stupa itself, and the ''vedika'' railings and gateways surrounding it, making Amaravati "the most richly decorated stupa known".<ref>Fisher, 40 (see 197-200 on [[Borobudor]] for why this is presumably excluded from comparison).</ref>

The final form of the railings had a diameter of 192 feet. The railing uprights were some 9 feet high, with three rounded cross-bars horizontally between them, and a coping at the top. Both uprights and cross-bars were decorated with round medallion or [[Tondo (art)|tondo]] reliefs, the latter slightly larger, and containing the most impressive surviving sculpture. Large numbers of the medallions contained just a single stylized lotus flower. The vedika had four entrances, at the cardinal directions, and here the railings turned to run away from the stupa.<ref name="Harle, 35"/>

All this is much the same as at [[Sanchi]], the surviving highly decorated stupa that is in the closest to its original condition. But the Sanchi railings have much less decoration, except around the famous [[torana]] gateways; these do not seem to have been a feature at Amaravati.

===Types of sculpture===
Very little of the sculpture was found and properly recorded in its original exact location, but the broad arrangement of the different types of pieces is generally agreed. The many representations of a stupa, either representing the Amaravati Stupa itself, or an imaginary one very similar to it, provide a useful guide. It is not certain whether either the early or late phases of sculptural decoration were ever completed, as too much has been destroyed. Most survivals can be fitted into groups, by architectural function and placement.

A typical "drum-slab" is about 124 centimetres high, 86 cm wide and 12.5 cm thick. A two-sided example in the [[British Museum]] is dated by them to the 1st century BCE for the [[obverse]] face, with a scene of worshippers around the [[Bodhi Tree]] with no Buddha shown, and 3rd century CE for the reverse face, with a view of a stupa,<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1880-0709-79 "drum-slab" (BM 1880,0709.79)]</ref> which large numbers of the later drum-slabs show. The stupas are broadly consistent and are generally taken to show what the late form of the Amaravati Stupa looked like, or was intended to.
[[File:Buddhist Chakras at ASI Museum, Amaravathi.jpg|thumb|Reconstructed section of the later railing at the site museum]]

The early railing pillars are in [[granite]] (apparently only on the east and west sides) and plain; the cross-bars were perhaps in limestone. Many stumps of the pillars are now arranged around the stupa. Fragments have been found of limestone coping stones, some with reliefs of running youths and animals, similar in style to those at [[Bharhut]], so perhaps from c. 150–100 BCE.<ref>Shimada, 66-69, 72</ref> This subject-matter continued in the coping stones of the first phase of the later railings.

The later "railing copings" (uṣṇīṣa) are long pieces typically about 75 to 90 cm tall and 20 to 28 cm thick,<ref>Averaging [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1880-0709-18 BM 1880,0709.18] and [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1880-0709-19 BM 1880,0709.19]</ref> running along the top of the railings (where perhaps their detail was hard to make out). Many are carved with crowded scenes, often illustrating [[Jataka tales]] from the previous lives of the Buddha. The early coping stones were smaller and mostly carved with a thick undulating garland with small figures within its curves.
[[File:Periodo pre-murya, sculture dallo stupa buddista di amaravati, presso guntur, a. pradesh, fregio, 150 dc. ca, 05 divisione reliquie del buddha.jpg|thumb|Coping stone relief, late, inner face]]

There was also a much smaller set of limestone railings, undecorated, whose placing and function remains unclear.<ref>Shimada, 69-70</ref> The later ones, in [[limestone]], are carved with round lotus medallions, and sometimes panels with figurative reliefs, these mostly on the sides facing in towards the stupa. There are three medallions to a column, the bottom one incomplete. Based on the style of the sculpture the construction of the later railing is usually divided into three phases, growing somewhat in size and the complexity of the images.<ref>Shimada, 82-84</ref>

Around the entrances there were a number of columns, pillars and [[pilaster]]s, some topped with figures of sitting lions, a symbol of Buddhism. Several of these have survived. There are also small pilasters at the side of some other reliefs, especially drum-slabs showing stupas. The stupas on drum-slabs show large statues of a standing Buddha behind the entrances, but none of these have survived. Only a few fragments from the garland decorations shown high on the dome in drum-slab stupa depictions (one in Chennai is illustrated).

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:P1050858 (5026013499).jpg|Later railing pillar, inner face
File:Govt museum chennai Amaravati stupam 2 (cropped).jpg|Early drum slab, with king and boy, and fragment of the relief decoration high on the dome
File:Amaravati Stupa relief at Museum.jpg |Drum-slab, later period, inscribed "(Adoration) to Siddhartha! Gift of coping stone to the great stupa of the Lord by the wife of the merchant Samudra, the son of the householder Samgha, living in the chief city of Puki district and by the ... householder Kotachandi for welfare and happiness of the world."<ref>[https://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/01/02/buddh2.htm Government Museum, Chennai]</ref>
File:Periodo pre-murya, sculture dallo stupa buddista di amaravati, presso guntur, a. pradesh, medaglione, 150 dc ca. 01.jpg|Railing medallion with figures, including an aniconic [[Great Renunciation|Great Departure]], and the worship of the Buddha's hair or turban, c. 150
File:Amaravati Buddhist sculpture, ca. 150 CE, Government Museum, Chennai (2) (36743809174).jpg|Worship of the Buddha's bowl in heaven, c. 150
File:Buddha Preaching in Tushita Heaven. Amaravati, Satavahana period, 2d century AD. Indian Museum, Calcutta.jpg | Buddha Preaching in Tushita Heaven
File:Amaravati garland.jpg|Coping stone relief with [[garland bearers]]
File:Periodo pre-murya, sculture dallo stupa buddista di amaravati, presso guntur, a. pradesh, purnaghata, 100 dc ca.jpg|[[Purnaghata|"Vase of plenty"]] drum-slab, late
File:Periodo pre-murya, sculture dallo stupa buddista di amaravati, presso guntur, a. pradesh, regali di re bandhuma, 150 dc ca. 01.jpg|Railing cross-bar medallion, late
File:Clevelandart 1943.72.jpg|Pilaster fragment, late, ''Veneration of the Buddha as a Fiery Pillar''
File:Pillar fragment from the Great Stupa of Amaravati.jpg|Drawing of pillar fragments, c. 1853
File:Periodo pre-murya, sculture dallo stupa buddista di amaravati, presso guntur, a. pradesh, leoni, II secolo ac.-II dc ca. 02.jpg|Lion, from the top of a column
</gallery>

=== Amaravati School or style ===
[[File:1st to 4th century Mahayana Buddhist site, Nagarjunakonda Andhra Pradesh, India - 10.jpg|thumb|Buddha statue at [[Nagarjunakonda]]]]

Amaravati itself is the most important site for a distinct regional style, called the Amaravati School or style, or Andhran style. There are numerous other sites, many beyond the boundaries of the modern state of Andhra Pradesh. One reason for the use of the terms Amaravati School or style is that the actual find-spot of many Andhran pieces is uncertain or unknown. The early excavations at Amaravati itself were not well recorded, and the subsequent history of many pieces is uncertain.<ref>BM, 2-6, 89</ref> As late as the 1920s and beyond, other sites were the subject of "excavations" that were sometimes little better than treasure hunts, with pieces sold abroad as "Amaravati School".<ref>BM, 7, 97</ref>

The second most important site for the style is [[Nagarjunakonda]], some 160 km away. This was a large monastic [[vihara]] or "university", which is now submerged under a lake, after construction of a dam. Many remains were relocated to what is now an island in the lake, but most sculptures are now in various museums, in India and abroad.<ref>Rowland, 212-213</ref> The [[Chandavaram Buddhist site]] is another large stupa.

In [[relief]]s, the mature Amaravati style is characterised by crowded scenes of "graceful, elongated figures who imbue the sculpted scenes with a sense of life and action that is unique in Indian art";<ref>Craven, 76</ref> "decorative elements reach a suave richness never surpassed... In the narrative scenes, the deep cutting permits overlapping figures on two or even three planes, the figures appearing to be fully in the round. The superlative beauty of the individual bodies and the variety of poses, many realizing new possibilities of depicting the human form, as well as the swirling rhythms of the massed compositions, all combine to produce some of the most glorious reliefs in world art".<ref>Harle, 79</ref>

Though the subject matter is similar to that at Bharhut and Sanchi "the style is notably different. Compared with the northern works, their figures are more attenuated and sensual, their decoration more abundant. Empty space is anathema, so that the entire surface is filled with figures in motion".<ref>Fisher, 51</ref>

In earlier phases, before about 180–200 CE, the Buddha himself is not shown, as also [[Aniconism in Buddhism|in other Indian schools]].<ref>Craven, 77; Harle, 38</ref> Unlike other major sites, minor differences in the depiction of narratives show that the exact textual sources used remain unclear, and have probably not survived.<ref>BM, 48-50</ref>

Especially in the later period at Amaravati itself, the main relief scenes are "a sort of 'court art'", showing a great interest in scenes of court life "reflecting the luxurious life of the upper class, rich, and engaged in the vibrant trade with many parts of India and the wider world, including Rome".<ref name="BM, 46">BM, 46</ref>

Free-standing statues are mostly of the standing Buddha, wearing a monastic robe "organized in an ordered rhythm of lines undulating obliquely across the body and imparting a feeling of movement as well as reinforcing the swelling expansiveness of the form beneath". There is a "peculiarly characteristic" large fold at the bottom of the robe, one of a number of features similar to the [[Kushan art]] of the north.<ref>Rowland, 209</ref>

<gallery>
File:MaraAssault.jpg|A representation of [[Mara (demon)|Mara]]'s assault on the Buddha, depicted in aniconic form, 2nd century AD, now thought to come from [[Nagarjunakonda]]
File:Le grand départ (cropped).jpg|The [[Great Departure]], 2nd century, aniconic
File:27.3. Life scenes of Buddha-2nd century CE-Limestone-Amravati-Andhra Pradesh-Sculpture Gallery-Indian Museum-Kolkata- A1-A25070.jpg|Life scenes of Buddha-2nd century CE, left panel
File:27.4. Life scenes of Buddha-2nd century CE-Limestone-Amravati-Andhra Pradesh-Sculpture Gallery-Indian Museum-Kolkata- A1-A25070.jpg|Life scenes of Buddha-2nd century, middle panel
File:27.6. Life scenes of Buddha-2nd century CE-Limestone-Amravati-Andhra Pradesh-Sculpture Gallery-Indian Museum-Kolkata- A1-A25070.jpg|Life scenes of Buddha-2nd century CE, right panel
</gallery>

==Dating and ruling dynasties==
[[File:EdictsOfAshoka.jpg|thumb|Distribution of the Edicts of Ashoka<ref>"India: The Ancient Past" p.113, Burjor Avari, Routledge, {{ISBN|0-415-35615-6}}</ref>]]

From the 19th century, it was always thought that the stupa was built under the [[Satavahana dynasty]], rulers of the [[Deccan]] whose territories eventually straddled both east and west coasts. However, this did not resolve the dating issues, as the dates of that dynasty were uncertain, especially at the start. Recently there has been more attention paid to the preceding local Sada dynasty, perhaps tributaries of the [[Mahameghavahana dynasty]] ruling [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] to the north. Their capital was probably [[Dhanyakataka]]; the stupa was just outside this.<ref name="BM, 46"/>

Since the 1980s, the dynasty has been given this name as all the names of kings from it, known from coins and inscriptions, end in "-sada" (as all from the later [[Gupta dynasty]] end in that).<ref>BM, 38-39</ref> They perhaps began to rule around 20 BCE.<ref>BM, 41</ref> Their coins nearly all have a standing lion, often with symbols that are very likely Buddhist.<ref>BM, 38, 41-45</ref> Shimada suggests that much or most of the sculpture at Amaravati was created under Sada rule, before the Satavahanas took over in the 2nd century CE,<ref>BM, 10</ref> possibly around 100 CE.<ref>BM, 40</ref>

At the later end of the chronology, the local [[Andhra Ikshvaku]] ruled after the Satavahanas and before the [[Gupta Empire]], in the 3rd and early 4th centuries, perhaps starting 325–340.<ref>Shimada, 48-58</ref>

==The Colin Mackenzie album==
[[File:Stupa of Amaravati 03.jpg|thumb|Around the stupa wall in 2011: early granite railing pillar fragments, lotus flower medallions, and a large drum casing fragment with [[pilaster]]s]]

This album of drawings of Amarāvati is a landmark in the history of archaeology in India. The pictures were made in 1816 and 1817 by a team of military surveyors and draftsmen under the direction of Colonel [[Colin Mackenzie]] (1757–1821), the first Surveyor-General of India.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Howes | first1 = Jennifer | year = 2002 | title = Colin Mackenzie and the Stupa at Amaravati | url = http://jenniferhowes.com/publications-podcasts-etc/articles--book-reviews.html | journal = South Asian Studies | volume = 18 | pages = 53–65 | doi=10.1080/02666030.2002.9628607| s2cid = 194108928 | url-access = subscription }}</ref>

The album contains maps, plans and drawings of sculpture from the stūpa at Amarāvati. The album is preserved in the [[British Library]], where it is online,<ref>[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/amaravati/homepage.html link to the British Library album]</ref> with a second copy in Kolkata.

==Amarāvati sculptures worldwide==
[[File:The tableau of Andhra Pradesh depicting the 'Buddhist Heritage'- the Great Stupa of Amaravati and the statue of Buddha along with Acharya Nagarjuna teaching his disciples .jpg|thumb|Tableau of [[Andhra Pradesh]]'s 'Buddhist Heritage' in the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parade, 2006, [[New Delhi]], the Great Stupa of Amaravati and the statue of Buddha along with [[Acharya Nagarjuna]] teaching his disciples]]
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
Apart from those in the site museum (some of which are casts), nearly all of the sculptures have been removed from the site of the stupa. Some pieces, especially from the early granite railing pillars, and lotus flower medallions, are placed around the stupa itself. Apart from the museum at the site, several museums across India and around the world have specimens from Amarāvati.<ref>These collections are being brought together in the '''World Corpus of Amarāvatī Sculpture''', a digital project agreed to and jointly developed by the Archaeological Survey of India and the British Academy, London. [http://www.basas.org.uk/site/index.php/our_work/page/689aaf33-c326-4090-a60d-dc6950adffa5/ website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023051904/http://www.basas.org.uk/site/index.php/our_work/page/689aaf33-c326-4090-a60d-dc6950adffa5/ |date=23 October 2016 }}, [http://worldcorpusamaravati.com/ another site, little developed]</ref> The largest collections are the group in the Government Museum, [[Chennai]], and the [[Amaravati Marbles|group in the British Museum]] in London. Significant collections of sculpture are held in the following places:<ref>[http://basas.org.uk/media/file/our-work/Museums.pdf A fuller list, from BASAS]</ref>

'''India'''
* Government Museum, [[Chennai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/gallery/01/02/buddh1.htm|title=Government Museum Chennai}}</ref>
* Archaeological Museum, [[Amaravathi village, Guntur district|Amaravathi]]<ref name="asi.nic.in"/>
* [[Indian Museum]], [[Kolkata]]
* [[National Museum of India]], [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/departments-archaeology.asp?lk=dp2|title=National Museum, New Delhi}}</ref>
* State Museum, [[Hyderabad]]
* [[Patna Museum]], [[Patna]]
* [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]], [[Mumbai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vmis.in/ArchiveCategories/collection_gallery_parent?id=188&siteid=160&minrange=0&maxrange=0&count=24|title=Collections-Virtual Museum of Images and Sounds|author=Virtual Museum of Images and Sound - VMIS}}</ref>
* State Museum, [[Pudukkottai]]
* Baudhasree Archaeological Museum, [[Vijayawada]]
* [[State Museum Lucknow]], [[Lucknow]]

'''United Kingdom'''
* The British Museum, London (see [[Amaravati Marbles]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/galleries/asia/room_33a_amaravati.aspx|title=British Museum - Room 33a: Amaravati|work=British Museum}}</ref>

'''France'''
* [[Guimet Museum]]

'''Singapore'''
* [[Asian Civilisations Museum]], [[Singapore]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/speeches/view-html?filename=2003030103.htm|title=Singapore And India Sign Agreement : Ministry of Information, Communications and The Arts Press Release, 1 March 2003}}</ref>

'''United States'''
* [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]], [[Philadelphia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://penn.museum/collections/search.php?term=Amaravati&submit_term=Submit+Query|title=Search Results for: Amaravati - Penn Museum Collections}}</ref>
* [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.org/search?search_api_views_fulltext=amaravati|title=Search|work=Museum of Fine Arts, Boston}}</ref>
* [[Freer Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1978.34&bcrumb=true|title=Object - Online - Collections - Freer and Sackler Galleries|work=Freer - Sackler|access-date=30 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222051606/http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1978.34&bcrumb=true|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Seattle Art Museum]], Seattle
*also Cleveland, Chicago, and Kansas City

==See also==
* [[List of tallest structures built before the 20th century]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
*Becker, Catherine, ''Shifting Stones, Shaping the Past: Sculpture from the Buddhist Stūpas of Andhra Pradesh'', 2015, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199359400
*"BM": ''Amaravati: The Art of an Early Buddhist Monument in Context'', Edited by Akira Shimada and Michael Willis, British Museum, 2016, [http://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/207_Amaravati.pdf PDF]
*[[Roy C. Craven|Craven, Roy C.]], ''Indian Art: A Concise History'', 1987, Thames & Hudson (Praeger in USA), {{ISBN|0500201463}}
*Elsner, Jaś, ''Amarāvatī : Art and Buddhism in Ancient India'', 2024, London: Reaktion Books, {{ISBN|9781789148695}}.
*Fisher, Robert E., ''Buddhist art and architecture'', 1993, Thames & Hudson, {{ISBN|0500202656}}
*Harle, J.C., ''The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent'', 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, {{ISBN|0300062176}}
*Rowland, Benjamin, ''The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain'', 1967 (3rd edn.), Pelican History of Art, Penguin, {{ISBN|0140561021}}
*Shimada, Akira, ''Early Buddhist Architecture in Context:The Great Stūpa at Amarāvatī (Ca. 300 BCE–300 CE)'', Leiden: Brill, 2013, {{ISBN|9004233261}}, {{doi|10.1163/9789004233263}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amaravati stupa}}
[[Category:Stupas in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Guntur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Guntur district]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhist sculpture]]
[[Category:History of Amaravati]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist archaeological sites]]

Mugaliyachhap

2025-11-25T07:55:35Z

Vaibhu: Content updated and refined

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mugaliyachhap
| other_name = Mugalia Chaap, Mungalia Chhap, Mungaliya Chhap
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.2252084|N|77.2994144|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Huzur]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 526
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3931
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 462044, 482505
| footnotes =
| iso_code =[[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]
}}
'''Mugaliyachhap''', also called '''Mungaliya Chhap''', is a village in the [[Bhopal district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Huzur]] [[tehsil]] and the [[Phanda]] [[community development block in India|block]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bhopal.nic.in/LSK.pdf |title=RFP Document for Establishing Operating and Maintaining Lok Seva Kendra |publisher=E-Governance Society Bhopal District |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082905/http://bhopal.nic.in/LSK.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>

In 2014, the foundation of Deendayal Shramodaya Vidyalaya, a school for children of labourers, was laid in the village.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/indias-first-shramodaya-school-for-the-children-of-labourers-to-be-developed-in-madhya-pradesh/1/398929.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111062457/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/indias-first-shramodaya-school-for-the-children-of-labourers-to-be-developed-in-madhya-pradesh/1/398929.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 November 2014 |title=India's first 'Shramodaya School' for the children of labourers to be developed in Madhya Pradesh |publisher=India Today |date=3 November 2014 }}</ref> The Chief Minister [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] also announced that an [[Industrial Training Institute]] (ITI) would be set up in the village.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-madhya-pradesh-to-have-country-s-first-school-for-children-of-labourers-2031533 |title=Madhya Pradesh to have country's first school for children of labourers |newspaper=DNA |date=2 November 2014 }}</ref>

Mugaliyachhap is the second most populous village in the Huzur tehsil.{{cn|date=November 2017}} The village has an ancient [[Hanuman]] temple, where Ramayana recitation ceremonies have been conducted since 2006. The village is also home to the [[Jagran Lakecity University]].

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Mugaliyachhap has 792 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 65.26%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2327_PART_B_DCHB_BHOPAL.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Bhopal |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh |access-date=2015-07-20 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 3931 || 1998 || 1933
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 609 || 313 || 296
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 909 || 475 || 434
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 12 || 5 || 7
|-
| Literates || 2168 || 1276 || 892
|-
| Workers (all) || 1528 || 1048 || 480
|-
| Main workers (total) || 1173 || 885 || 288
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 397 || 312 || 85
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 557 || 377 || 180
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 44 || 41 || 3
|-
| Main workers: Other || 175 || 155 || 20
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 355 || 163 || 192
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 52 || 25 || 27
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 224 || 92 || 132
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 10 || 5 || 5
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 69 || 41 || 28
|-
| Non-workers || 2403 || 950 || 1453
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Villages in Huzur tehsil}}

[[Category:Villages in Huzur tehsil]]

Abeer Singh Godhwani

2025-10-16T19:21:07Z

Vaibhu: biography.

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abeer Singh Godhwani
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|03|26}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]]''|''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]''|''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''|''[[Agniphera (TV series)|Agnifera]]''|''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''}}
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2008–present
}}
'''Abeer Singh Godhwani'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/there-was-too-much-confusion-so-i-had-to-change-my-name-says-karan-godhwani-who-has-now-become-abeer-singh/articleshow/96878185.cms|title=There was too much confusion so I had to change my name, says Karan Godhwani who has now become Abeer Singh|last=Tanvi|first=Trivedi|date=10 January 2023|website=TOI|language=en-US|access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> (born 26 March 1988) also known as '''Karan Godhwani''' is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi]] television. He is known for his portrayal of Vikramjeet Bhalla in ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]]'', Nandkishore Mittal in ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]'', Vikram Rathi in ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'', Kishan Thakur in ''[[Agniphera (TV series)|Agnifera]]'' and Kairav Goenka in ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''.<ref name="Kairav" /><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/It-was-frustrating-to-play-a-character-role-Karan-Goddwani/articleshow/21018371.cms | title=It was frustrating to play a character role: Karan Goddwani |author=Shruti Jambhekar |date=12 July 2013 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>

== Life and family ==
Godhwani was born on 26 March 1988 in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/birthday-bumps-for-karan/articleshow/4323428.cms|title=Birthday bumps for Karan |website=The Times of India|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112194238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/birthday-bumps-for-karan/articleshow/4323428.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Godhwani married his long-time girlfriend Tanya Singh in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/diya-aur-baati-hum-iss-pyaar-ko-kya-naam-doon-actor-karan-godhwani-gets-married-see-wedding-pics-1115048/amp |title=PICS: 'Diya Aur Baati Hum' actor Karan gets married |website=ABP News|access-date=29 January 2021|date=27 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-godhwani-im-loving-every-moment-of-my-married-life/articleshow/74082817.cms|title=Karan Godhwani: I'm loving every moment of my married life |website=The Times of India|access-date=26 February 2022|date=12 February 2020}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his career, portraying the role of The NRI VikramJeet aka Vicky Bhalla in Sab TV's Comedy/Drama, jugni-chali-jalandhar. He Then Played the street smart, Adi in Color's Show, Rang badalti Odhani. He played in [[Zee TV]]'s show ''[[Sanjog Se Bani Sangini]] as Shankar''. He then entered [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]'' as N.K.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Iss-Pyaar-Ko--completes-a-year-and-more-drama-to-unfold/articleshow/13869872.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025122652/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-06/tv/32078260_1_shyam-drama-anjali |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-10-25 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |title=Iss Pyaar Ko... completes a year and more drama to unfold |access-date=2012-06-09}}</ref>

His next role came in the [[Colors TV]]'s show ''[[Chhal-Sheh Aur Maat]]'' as Ranveer Jaiswal. Later on in the year 2013, He got the opportunity to play the magical, charming, funny, and handsome character of Jin Johnny, In the Sab TV's Comedy, ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''. After That he got the role of Rahul Pyarelal in the Color's Show, ''[[Mrs. Pammi Pyarelal]]''. He then reentered Jeannie Aur Juju in late 2013. After that he got to portray another Negative Role in Life Ok's ''Hum Ne Li Hai Shapath'' as a game boy super villain. He then Interacted with Sab TV again for his 3rd Time, another comedy show, Tu Mere agal bagal hai as Rohit, a negative role, but only for the beginning.

Finally he was offered a show airing on Star Plus. The very famous and popular, ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum|Diya Aur Baati hum]]'', replacing Gautum Gulati as Vikram Rathi.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/I-never-left-comedy-Karan-Goddwani/articleshow/22886001.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201140442/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-22/news/42291714_1_pammi-pyarelal-karan-goddwani-comedy | url-status=live | archive-date=1 December 2013 | title=I never left comedy: Karan Goddwani | date=22 September 2013 | access-date=5 December 2013 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | author=Chatterjee, Swasti}}</ref> In September 2014, he joined the cast of ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' as Vikram Rathi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Unnikrishnan|first=Chaya|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-gautam-gulati-to-enter-bigg-boss-karan-goddwani-replaces-him-in-diya-aur-baati-hum-2016877| publisher=dnaindia.com|title=Gautam Gulati to enter Bigg Boss, Karan Goddwani replaces him in 'Diya Aur Baati Hum'|accessdate=8 September 2014|date=13 September 2014}}</ref> In 2017, he joined the show ''[[Dil Se Dil Tak (TV series)|Dil Se Dil Tak]]'', which premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 30 January 2017. He also plays the role of Kaushal in Sab TV show ''[[TV, Biwi aur Main]]''. He also played the role of Akshay Kapoor in the serial [[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]] post the leap.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shamin-mannan-joins-kasam-tere-pyar-ki/articleshow/63699227.cms|title=Shamin Mannan joins 'Kasam Tere Pyar Ki' – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-19}}</ref>

In 2018, Goddwani played the lead role of Kishan Thakur in the [[&TV]] serial [[Agniphera (TV series)|''Agniphera'']] alongside [[Yukti Kapoor]] and Simraan Kaur. In 2020, he made a cameo appearance Sujoy Banerjee in [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]'s ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]''. In 2022, he enter [[Colors TV]]'s popular show ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]'' as Inspector Vijay Shukla. From January 2023 to November 2023, he portrayed Kairav Goenka opposite Shambhavi Singh in [[StarPlus]]' ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/joining-a-show-mid-way-is-challenging-abeer-godhwani-onboards-yeh-rishta-cast/articleshow/96957494.cms|title='Joining a show mid-way is challenging': Abeer Godhwani onboards 'Yeh Rishta...' cast|date=13 January 2023|website=TOI|language=en-US|access-date=13 January 2023}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2008–2010
| ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]]''
| Vikramjeet "Vicky" Bhalla
| Lead Role
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
| ''[[Rang Badalti Odhani]]''
| Adi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sanjog Se Bani Sangini]]''
| Shankar
|
|
|-
| 2011–2012
| ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]''
| Nandkishore "NK" Mittal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trp watch|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/trp-watch/cid/388828|website=The Telegraph|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=8 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050302/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/trp-watch/cid/388828|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Chhal – Sheh Aur Maat]]''
| Ranveer Jaiswal
|
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Mrs. Pammi Pyarelal]]''
| Rahul Pyarelal
|Lead Role

|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-12/tv/40535306_1_gaurav-gera-family-show-usha-nadkarni|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716193004/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-12/tv/40535306_1_gaurav-gera-family-show-usha-nadkarni|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 July 2013|title=Mrs. Pammi Pyarelal family show on Colors|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''
| Jin Johnny
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-godwanis-cameo-in-jeannie-aur-juju/articleshow/18317607.cms|title=Karan Godwani's cameo in Jeannie Aur Juju |website=The Times of India|date=4 February 2013|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112201519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-godwanis-cameo-in-jeannie-aur-juju/articleshow/18317607.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2016
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''
| Vikram Rathi
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Diya Aur Baati Hum to go off-air on August 15? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Diya-Aur-Baati-Hum-to-go-off-air-on-August-15/articleshow/52713243.cms |access-date=18 March 2022 |work=Times of India |date=12 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]''
| Suyog Bhanushali
|
|
|-
| ''[[TV Biwi Aur Main]]''
| Kushal
|
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''
| Akshay "Akki" Kapoor
|
|
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Agniphera (TV series)|Agnifera]]''
| Kishan Thakur
| Lead Role
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]''
| Sujoy Banerjee
|
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]''
| [[Inspector]] Vijay Shukla
|
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| Kairav Goenka
|
|<ref name="Kairav">{{cite news |title=Abeer Singh on his role in 'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai': Kairav Goenka has alpha male traits |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/abeer-singh-on-his-role-in-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-kairav-goenka-has-alpha-male-traits-news-270000 |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=Outlook India |date=14 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2025–present
| '' [[Mannat – Har Khushi Paane Ki]]''
| Puneet Saluja
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm5541950/ Karan Goddwani] on [[IMDb]]
* {{Instagram|i_abeersingh}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goddwani, Karan}}
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:1988 births]]

Mao Sahib

2025-10-01T13:06:41Z

Vaibhu: content update

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mao Sahib
| native_name = ਮਾਓ ਸਾਹਿਬ
| native_name_lang = pan
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.0193472|N|75.6860428|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 240
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = IN-PB
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|jalandhar.nic.in}}
}}

'''Mao Sahib''' ({{langx|pa|ਮਾਓ ਸਾਹਿਬ}}) is a village and the birthplace of [[Guru Arjan|Mata Ganga]] in [[Jalandhar district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located 10 km from [[Phillaur]], 14 km from [[Nurmahal]], 47 km from district headquarter [[Jalandhar]] and 120 km from state capital [[Chandigarh]]. The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by a [[sarpanch]] who is an [[elected representative]] of village as per [[Panchayati raj (India)]].<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_0300.xlsx|title=DCHB Village Release|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>

== Landmarks ==
Gurudwara Guru Arjan Dev Ji is one of a historical Sikh temple is situated in the village where fifth Sikh guru [[Guru Arjan|Guru Arjan Dev Ji]] married Mata Ganga.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The needle lore : traditional embroideries of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan |last=Neelam. |first=Grewal |date=1988 |publisher=Ajanta Publications (India) |isbn=812020204X |location=Delhi |oclc=19553083}}</ref> The gurdwara committee organises a fair annually in the memory of Guru Arjan Dev Ji's marriage which took place at the Gurudwara and runs for three days. People also celebrate festivals and fairs annually in Mao Sahib which have taken a semi-secular meaning and are regarded as cultural festivals by people of all religions.

== Transport ==
Partabpura railway station is the nearest [[train station]]; however, [[Phillaur]] Junction [[train station]] is 9.3 km away from the village. The village is 38.7 km away from [[domestic airport]] in [[Ludhiana]] and the nearest [[international airport]] is located in Chandigarh also [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] is the second nearest airport which is 148 km away in [[Amritsar]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalandhar district}}


[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]

Warsiguda

2025-09-26T19:20:02Z

Vaibhu: rework content as per guidelines and added references to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Warisguda
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.418|N|78.513|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]
| subdivision_type4 = Ward
| subdivision_name4 = ward no.11 circle no 18
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[GHMC]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500 061
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Warasiguda''' is one of the neighborhoods in [[Hyderabad]], India. It falls under [[Chilkalguda]] Police Station limits, located in the [[Secunderabad]] area. It is one of the prominent neighborhoods in this region, and it has a rich history, tied in part to the broader history of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

== History ==
Warasiguda's establishment and history are not well-documented, Although the Secunderabad region, where Warasiguda is located, was developed during the British colonial period in India. Secunderabad was established as a British cantonment in the late 18th century, around 1806, after the [[Treaty of Deogaon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Treaty of Deogaon {{!}} Maratha-Nizam War, Baji Rao II & Peshwa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Deogaon |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> As the cantonment grew and expanded, areas like Warasiguda emerged as residential and commercial districts. This transformation happened throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Over the years, Warasiguda evolved from a modest residential area to a bustling neighborhood with a mix of commercial and residential spaces. Its growth was driven by the expansion of the railway network and the general urbanization of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Education ==
Warasiguda is home to several educational institutions that cater to the needs of its residents. These institutions range from primary and secondary schools to colleges and technical institutes. Notable educational establishments in Warasiguda include:

* Warasiguda Government High School: A prominent government-run school providing education to local students.
* [[St. Ann's College for Women]]: Located nearby, this college is one of the leading women's colleges in the region, offering a variety of undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

[[Osmania University]] which is one of the oldest modern universities in India is at a distance of one kilometer from the area.

A few of schools in this area include ''Kakatiya Techno School'', ''Jyothi Model High School'', ''Sumitra High School'', ''Jawahar English High School'' and ''Balaji High School''. ''Johnson Grammar School (ICSE)'' and ''Netaji public high school'' have been the prominent schools of this area.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

<gallery>
File:OsmaniaUnivArtsCollege.JPG|Arts College building on O.U. campus
Image:OsmaniaUniv_LawCollege.jpg|Law College building on O.U. campus
</gallery>

== Transport ==
Warisguda is well-connected to various parts of the city via buses operated by the [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]] (TSRTC). The 86 bus route primarily runs between Secunderabad and Koti, while the 107J bus route connects Secunderabad with [[Dilsukhnagar]].

For train travel, the nearest [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|Multi-Modal Transport System]] (MMTS) station is [[Arts College railway station|Arts College Railway Station]]. This station provides frequent train services to destinations like [[Falaknuma-Hyderabad route|Falaknuma]], [[Lingampally, Hyderabad|Lingampally]], and [[Hitech City MMTS station|Hitech City]], offering a convenient transit option for daily commuters.

== Culture & Traditions ==
Warasiguda is home to a variety of religious sites, reflecting the cultural and religious diversity that is typical of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

* Islamic Places of Worship Several prominent mosques are located in Warasiguda, serving the Islamic community. Notable among these are the [[Jama Masjid, Hyderabad|Jamia Masjid Al-Kausar]] and the Masjid-E-Noor-E-Mohammadiya. These mosques are central to the religious and communal life of local Muslims, offering regular prayers, religious education, and community events.

* Hindu Places of Worship Warasiguda also has a number of significant Hindu temples. The Sri Umachandra Mouleshwara Swamy Temple, situated near the Arts College railway station, is dedicated to Lord Shiva and Parvathi Devi. It also hosts idols of other Hindu deities, including Lord Ganesha, Sita Rama, Anjaneya Swamy, and Shirdi Sai Baba. Additionally, the renowned Sri Subrahmanyaswamy Temple and Hanuman Temple are located about one kilometer from Warasiguda, attracting devotees from across the region.

Cultural Diversity Warasiguda's population comprises people from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds, including [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi]], and [[Hyderabadi Urdu|Urdu]] speakers. This cultural diversity manifests in the neighborhood's vibrant festivals, culinary traditions, and religious practices.

Major festivals like [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Diwali]], and [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid-ul-Fitr]] are celebrated with great enthusiasm, attracting participation from the entire community. These celebrations bring together residents from different backgrounds and create a lively and harmonious atmosphere. Along with mosques and temples, Warasiguda also has churches that serve its Christian residents, further highlighting the area's multicultural nature.
*<gallery>
File:Kausar Masjid.jpg|Masjid-e-Kausar in Warasigdua (2016)
File:Sri-devi-maternity-nursing-home-hyderabad-1469095561-57909e897df68.jpg|Sridevi Nursing Home (now defunct)
File:Jatavana Buddha Vihar, Mahasangha, Warasiguda Hyderabad.jpg|[[Jetavana|Jetavana Buddha Vihar]]
File:Sri-kanaka-durga-devi-temple-boudha-nagar-warasiguda-hyderabad-temples.jpg|Sri Kanaka Durga Devi Temple in Warasiguda
File:CSI Wesley Church Waraiguda Pastorate 29 Sept 2022.jpg|CSI Wesley Church in Waraiguda
</gallery>

== Population ==
Warasiguda features a mix of commercial and residential spaces. The neighborhood has several markets and shopping areas where residents can purchase everyday goods and services. The Warasiguda Market is a popular spot for fresh produce, groceries, and household items. Additionally, there are retail shops, pharmacies, and small businesses that serve the local community.

Residential areas in Warasiguda consist of a combination of individual houses, apartment complexes, and gated communities. These residential zones offer a range of housing options to suit different budgets and preferences. The presence of schools, healthcare facilities, and public transport connections makes Warasiguda a desirable location for families and professionals.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]

Suman Mahato

2025-09-13T22:01:36Z

Vaibhu: slightly rework layout further and added references

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Suman Mahato
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{birth date|1964|12|4|df=y}}
| birth_place =Jamshedpur, [[East Singhbhum]],
| residence =[[Seraikela Kharsawan]], [[Jharkhand]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]]
| term = 2007 - 2009
| predecessor = [[Sunil Mahato]]
| successor = [[Arjun Munda]]
| party =[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| religion =
| spouse = [[Sunil Kumar Mahato]] (died in 2007)
| children = 1 daughter
| website =
| footnotes =
|date=17 February |
| year = 2012 |
| source =
}}

'''Suman Mahato''' (born 4 December 1964) was a member of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] of [[India]]. A member of the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (JMM) political party, she represented the constituency of [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]] in the eastern state of [[Jharkhand]].

She became MP in the by-elections after her husband and sitting MP [[Sunil Kumar Mahato]] was assassinated by suspected [[Maoist]] rebels near [[Ghatsila]] in East [[Singhbhum]] district on 4 March 2007 while he was attending a local football match organised to mark the Hindu festival of [[Holi]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=4231 |title=Tributes paid to slain JMM leader Sunil Mahato |date=4 March 2015 |newspaper=The Avenue Mail }}</ref> She served in parliament from 2007 to 2009.<ref>{{cite news |author=Jayesh Thaker |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140412/jsp/jharkhand/story_18182208.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428205513/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140412/jsp/jharkhand/story_18182208.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 April 2015 |title=Ex-MPs add she might to LS fight |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=Kolkata |date=12 April 2014 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=4119 Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahato, Suman}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:People from Seraikela Kharsawan district]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:People from East Singhbhum district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Women in Jharkhand politics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
{{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}