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Washim Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T22:57:20Z

Umaiordarame: starting new post - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Washim
| constituency_no = 34
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 34-Washim.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency|Yavatmal-Washim]]
| district = [[Washim district|Washim]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Shyam Ramcharan Khode]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| incumbent_image =
| electors =369,051
}}
'''Washim Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 constituencies of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and one of the three which are located in [[Washim district]]. It is reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes.

It is a part of [[Yavatmal-Washim Lok Sabha constituency]] with the adjoining [[Yavatmal district]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha assembly constituencies, viz. [[Karanja Assembly constituency|Karanja]], [[Ralegaon Assembly constituency|Ralegaon (ST)]], [[Yavatmal Assembly constituency|Yavatmal (ST)]], [[Digras Assembly constituency|Digras]] and [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php | title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|access-date=14 January 2010}}</ref>

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 34 Washim Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 1. Mangrulpir Tehsil, 2. Washim Tehsil of the [[district]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XVII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule XVII Maharashtra, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |publisher = |access-date = 2015-03-11 }}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Washim Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/washim.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Shankar Sadashiv Kulkarni Maroti Kashiram Kairade || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Rajurkar Jaisingrao Dinkarrao Salwe Rambhau Chinkaji (Sc)
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Ramrao Gopalrao Zanak
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || M. M. Khirade
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Bhimrao Mahadeo Katke
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Wankhede Bhaurao Nagorao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Dhendule Rameshwar Prabhati
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Kamble Bhimrao Haibati || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || [[Lakhan Sahadeo Malik|Lakhan Malik]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Rajguru Purushottam Namdev
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Prof. Shikhre Yadavrao Punjaji
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Suresh Bhivaji Ingle || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=3 | [[Lakhan Sahadeo Malik|Lakhan Malik]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Shyam Ramcharan Khode|Shyam Khode]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Wasim">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Wasim |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1334.htm |access-date=3 December 2024 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203071449/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1334.htm |archive-date=3 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shyam Ramcharan Khode|Shyam Khode]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 122,914 |percentage = 50.21% |change = {{increase}}17.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Siddharth Akaramji Deole |party = Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 103,040 |percentage = 42.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Megha Kiran Dongare |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 9,264 |percentage = 3.78% |change = {{decrease}}21.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gajanan Nivrutti Vairagade |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,517 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 507 |percentage = 0.21% |change = {{decrease}}0.52 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,874 |percentage = 8.12% |change = {{increase}}1.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 245,331 |percentage = 66.48% |change = {{increase}}7.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 244,824}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 369,051 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}17.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Lakhan Sahadeo Malik|Lakhan Malik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 66,159 |percentage = 32.23% |change = {{increase}}6.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Siddharth Akaramji Deole |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 52,464 |percentage = 25.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pendharkar Shashikant Yashwantrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 45,407 |percentage = 22.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajani Mahadev Rathod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,716 |percentage = 14.97% |change = {{decrease}}4.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Bharat Laxman Nandure |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,655 |percentage = 0.81% |change = {{decrease}}0.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,491 |percentage = 0.73% |change = {{increase}}0.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sachin Wamanrao Pattebahadur |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,411 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahada Ashru Hiwale |party = Vidarbh Maza Party |votes = 1,411 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhalerao Dipak Ramesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,314 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,695 |percentage = 6.67% |change = {{increase}}4.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 206,889 |percentage = 59.23% |change = {{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 205,242}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 349,279 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.21 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}6.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Lakhan Sahadeo Malik|Lakhan Malik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 48,196 |percentage = 25.96% |change = {{decrease}}17.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nilesh Alias Shashikant Pendharkar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 43,803 |percentage = 23.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Bhivaji Ingale |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,968 |percentage = 19.38% |change = {{decrease}}7.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Dipak Yashvantrao Dhoke |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 21,690 |percentage = 11.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Milind Pakhale |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 13,276 |percentage = 7.15% |change = {{increase}}5.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dnyaneshwar Namdev Jhadhav |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 11,463 |percentage = 6.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rahul Chokha Bhagat |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,062 |percentage = 1.11% |change = {{increase}}0.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanjay Janrao Mandavdhare |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,877 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,130 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,393 |percentage = 2.37% |change = {{decrease}}13.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 186,954 |percentage = 57.39% |change = {{increase}}2.86 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 185,641}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 325,785 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.42 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}17.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Lakhan Sahadeo Malik|Lakhan Malik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 65,174 |percentage = 43.10% |change = {{increase}}14.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Alka Satyabhan Makasare |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,945 |percentage = 27.08% |change = {{decrease}}10.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadeo Haribhau Tatke |party = Independent politician |votes = 20,645 |percentage = 13.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mane Samadhan Tryambak |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,404 |percentage = 10.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gawai Madhao Samarth |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,846 |percentage = 1.22% |change = {{decrease}}3.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Belkhede Lata Babarao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,513 |percentage = 1.00% |change = {{decrease}}3.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adhagale Pralhad Narayan |party = Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 1,270 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Madhukar Anandrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,217 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,229 |percentage = 16.02% |change = {{increase}}7.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 151,310 |percentage = 54.53% |change = {{decrease}}4.13 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 151,228}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 277,460 |ref = |change = {{increase}}43.40 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}5.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Bhivaji Ingle |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,131 |percentage = 37.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Motiram Saudagar Tupsande |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 32,859 |percentage = 28.95% |change = {{decrease}}15.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lakhan Sahadev Malik |party = Independent politician |votes = 23,641 |percentage = 20.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jumade Madhukar Kacharuji |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 5,619 |percentage = 4.95% |change = {{decrease}}23.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Ingole Sanjay Shivaram |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,519 |percentage = 4.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manaar Raju Abhiman |party = Independent politician |votes = 973 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dakhore Keshav |party = Independent politician |votes = 864 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,272 |percentage = 8.17% |change = {{decrease}}7.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,511 |percentage = 58.66% |change = {{decrease}}5.68 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 113,487}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,492 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.22 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Prof. Shikhre Yadavrao Punjaji |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 45,181 |percentage = 44.09% |change = {{increase}}5.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jumde Madhukar Kachruji |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 28,911 |percentage = 28.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balajirao Ganpatrao Dange (Guruji) |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 12,477 |percentage = 12.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajguru Purshottam Namdev |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,783 |percentage = 7.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sonone Ramprabhu Suryabhanji |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,479 |percentage = 4.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Noorali Maheboobali Shah |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,641 |percentage = 3.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,270 |percentage = 15.88% |change = {{increase}}2.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 110,932 |percentage = 64.34% |change = {{decrease}}10.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 102,472}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,423 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.57 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rajguru Purushottam Namdev |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,928 |percentage = 38.79% |change = {{increase}}3.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sathe Chandrakant Shripatrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,346 |percentage = 25.34% |change = {{decrease}}5.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Madhukar Anandrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,513 |percentage = 8.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jamdhade Tukaram Kachru |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 7,465 |percentage = 6.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raut Motiram Bondu |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,360 |percentage = 6.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sonone Ramprabhu Suryabhanji |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,451 |percentage = 3.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atote Gopalrao Sukhdeorao |party = Janata Dal |votes = 4,280 |percentage = 3.70% |change = {{decrease}}8.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxman Maroti Padghan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,561 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,582 |percentage = 13.45% |change = {{increase}}8.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 119,233 |percentage = 74.39% |change = {{increase}}18.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 115,816}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,289 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.53 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}3.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Lakhan Sahadeo Malik|Lakhan Malik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,668 |percentage = 35.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Bhimrao Haibati |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,761 |percentage = 30.62% |change = {{decrease}}11.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhukar Anandrao Kamble |party = Janata Dal |votes = 9,765 |percentage = 12.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jumde Keshaorao Kachruji |party = Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 8,941 |percentage = 11.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chimankar Keshaorao Narayanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,180 |percentage = 2.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Undre Kisan Ramji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,116 |percentage = 1.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Annapurnabai Kashinath Kankal |party = Independent politician |votes = 979 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lawale Narayan Govinda |party = Independent politician |votes = 925 |percentage = 1.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,907 |percentage = 5.03% |change = {{increase}}3.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,097 |percentage = 56.02% |change = {{increase}}2.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 77,601}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,183 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.08 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Bhimrao Haibati |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,267 |percentage = 41.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sonone Ramprabhoo Suryabhan |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 23,225 |percentage = 39.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Munde Shatrughna Shankar |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,417 |percentage = 16.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ingle Madhuri Namdeo |party = Independent politician |votes = 649 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aware Prabhakar Umaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 554 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,042 |percentage = 1.79% |change = {{decrease}}40.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,131 |percentage = 53.22% |change = {{increase}}12.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 58,112}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,097 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.34 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}21.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dhendule Rameshwar Prabhati |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 24,652 |percentage = 63.30% |change = {{increase}}14.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ganpatrao Kanhuji Dhole |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 8,222 |percentage = 21.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Govinda Bhaguji Wankhade |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 2,872 |percentage = 7.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ingale Arvinda Shivram |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 2,369 |percentage = 6.08% |change = {{decrease}}17.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Madhukar Anand |party = Independent politician |votes = 579 |percentage = 1.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,430 |percentage = 42.19% |change = {{increase}}16.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 40,180 |percentage = 40.27% |change = {{decrease}}18.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,943}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,778 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}14.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Wankhede Bhaurao Nagorao |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 25,797 |percentage = 49.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khobragade Bhaurao Nathuji |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 12,548 |percentage = 23.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Shiwaji Shamji |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,987 |percentage = 15.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tayade Vijaykumar Babanji |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,232 |percentage = 4.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadho Sonaji Punjaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,132 |percentage = 2.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dabhade Rambhau Fakira |party = Independent politician |votes = 853 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Padghan Pandurang Ramji |party = Independent politician |votes = 538 |percentage = 1.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tayade Dharmraj Vyankatesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 505 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,249 |percentage = 25.20% |change = {{decrease}}37.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,403 |percentage = 58.65% |change = {{increase}}7.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,569}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,761 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}4.49 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}29.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimrao Mahadeo Katke |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,802 |percentage = 79.05% |change = {{increase}}20.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baliram G. Risodkar |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 7,665 |percentage = 16.03% |change = {{increase}}3.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharamaraj V. Tayade |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 2,351 |percentage = 4.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 30,137 |percentage = 63.02% |change = {{increase}}28.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,606 |percentage = 51.07% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,818}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,126 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.51 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}20.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. Khirade |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,671 |percentage = 58.19% |change = {{decrease}}3.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. K. Gaikwad |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 8,758 |percentage = 23.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. S. Jamne |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,849 |percentage = 13.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. N. Taktode |party = Independent politician |votes = 732 |percentage = 1.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. V. Tayade |party = Independent politician |votes = 708 |percentage = 1.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. N. Deokate |party = Independent politician |votes = 375 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,913 |percentage = 34.68% |change = {{decrease}}9.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 40,088 |percentage = 50.98% |change = {{decrease}}18.64 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,240}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,639 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.06 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ramrao Gopalrao Zanak |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,891 |percentage = 61.84% |change = {{increase}}18.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dattatraya Krishnarao Abooj |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,832 |percentage = 18.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ganpat Kamaji Shinde |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,694 |percentage = 10.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yadavrao Keshvrao Gote |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,068 |percentage = 9.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,059 |percentage = 43.83% |change = {{increase}}39.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,771 |percentage = 69.62% |change = {{decrease}}55.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 43,485}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,179 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}46.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}38.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rajurkar Jaisingrao Dinkarrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,078 |percentage = 23.66% |change = {{decrease}}21.12 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Salwe Rambhau Chinkaji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,371 |percentage = 20.01% |change = {{decrease}}24.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Zanak Ramrao Gopalrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 30,662 |percentage = 19.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Awachar Sakharam Hari |party = Independent politician |votes = 20,473 |percentage = 13.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mankikar Khushalrao Bhikaji |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 14,228 |percentage = 9.08% |change = {{decrease}}5.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhao Tulsiram Zelaji |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 10,364 |percentage = 6.61% |change = {{decrease}}14.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaidya Shamrao Uttamrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,523 |percentage = 4.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naik Dattatraya Govind |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,045 |percentage = 3.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,416 |percentage = 4.09% |change = {{increase}}2.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 156,744 |percentage = 125.07% |change = {{increase}}12.07 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 156,744}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,330 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Washim <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Sadashiv Kulkarni |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,167 |percentage = 23.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maroti Kashiram Kairade |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,917 |percentage = 21.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Vithoba Khadse |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 23,070 |percentage = 20.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sakharam Hari Awachat |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 16,475 |percentage = 14.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rambhau Chinkaji Salve |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,780 |percentage = 6.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwanath Jairam Gurhalkar |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 5,771 |percentage = 5.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantabai Vithal Nawalikar |party = Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha |votes = 4,509 |percentage = 4.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dattatraya Govind Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,192 |percentage = 1.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangaram Pandurang Rajguru |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,972 |percentage = 1.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,250 |percentage = 2.01% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 111,853 |percentage = 113.00% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 111,853}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,981 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Washim]]

==Notes==
<references/>

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.11|77.13|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Washim district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Jat Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:21:22Z

Umaiordarame: Put up details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jat
| constituency_no = 288
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 288-Jat.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Sangli Lok Sabha constituency|Sangli]]
| district = [[Sangli district|Sangli]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Gopichand Padalkar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| incumbent_image =
| alliance =
| electors =292,456
}}
'''Jat Assembly constituency''' ''(formerly Jath)'' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 |df= }}</ref>

==Overview==
Jat constituency is one of the eight Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Sangli district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=275}}</ref>

Jat is part of the [[Sangli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangli Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments in this district, namely [[Miraj Assembly constituency|Miraj]], [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli]], [[Palus-Kadegaon Assembly constituency|Palus-Kadegaon]], [[Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Assembly constituency|Tasgao-Kavathemahakal]] and [[Khanapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Khanapur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=278}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="2" | Dafale Vijaysinhrao Ramrao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Tukaram Krishnarao Shendge || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan="2" | Shivrudra T. Bamane
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan="2" | Sohani Jayant Ishawar
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|rowspan=|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | Sanamadikar Umaji Dhanappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Kamble Madhukar Shankar
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Sanamadikar Umaji Dhannapa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Suresh Khade|Sureshbhau Dagadu Khade]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Prakash Shendge]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Gopichand Padalkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Jat">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Jat |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13288.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124134035/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13288.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Gopichand Padalkar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 113,737 |percentage = 53.64% |change = {{increase}}23.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 75,497 |percentage = 35.61% |change = {{decrease}}14.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tammangouda Ishwarappa Ravi-patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,426 |percentage = 9.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vikram Dadaso Dhone |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,514 |percentage = 0.71% |change = {{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,019 |percentage = 0.48% |change = {{decrease}}0.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 38,240 |percentage = 18.04% |change = {{decrease}}1.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 213,041 |percentage = 72.85% |change = {{increase}}8.33 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 212,022}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 292,456 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.38 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 87,184 |percentage = 50.01% |change = {{increase}}17.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 52,510 |percentage = 30.12% |change = {{decrease}}13.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Ravindra Shivshankar Arali |party = Independent politician |votes = 28,715 |percentage = 16.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vikram Dadaso Dhone |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,830 |percentage = 1.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anand Shankar Nalage - Patil |party = Baliraja Party |votes = 1,546 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadev Harishchandra Kamble |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,521 |percentage = 0.87% |change = {{decrease}}0.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,086 |percentage = 0.62% |change = {{increase}}0.03 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 34,674 |percentage = 19.89% |change = {{increase}}9.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 175,724 |percentage = 64.52% |change = {{decrease}}3.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 174,339}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 272,345 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.25 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}6.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 72,885 |percentage = 43.35% |change = {{increase}}3.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 55,187 |percentage = 32.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prakash (Aanna) Shivajirao Shendage |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 30,130 |percentage = 17.92% |change = {{decrease}}18.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jakapa Daryappa Saraje |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,414 |percentage = 1.44% |change = {{increase}}0.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sangamesh Mallappa Teli |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 1,928 |percentage = 1.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhausaheb Pandurang Kolekar |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,839 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunil Sidu Dalawai |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,399 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 998 |percentage = 0.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,698 |percentage = 10.53% |change = {{increase}}7.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 169,238 |percentage = 67.89% |change = {{increase}}1.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 168,120}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 249,286 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}3.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Prakash Shendge]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,320 |percentage = 39.49% |change = {{decrease}}6.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 53,653 |percentage = 36.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Basavraj Sidgonda |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 26,406 |percentage = 17.88% |change = {{decrease}}0.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atul Girmal Kamble |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,030 |percentage = 1.37% |change = {{decrease}}0.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tatyasaheb Jaganath Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,974 |percentage = 1.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shahaji Mhalappa Shingade |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,386 |percentage = 0.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,667 |percentage = 3.16% |change = {{decrease}}15.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 147,697 |percentage = 66.00% |change = {{decrease}}0.69 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 147,697}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 223,786 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Suresh Khade|Sureshbhau Dagadu Khade]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 63,059 |percentage = 46.11% |change = {{increase}}27.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanamadikar Umaji Dhanappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,610 |percentage = 27.50% |change = {{decrease}}20.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanamadikar Prabhakar |party = Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 25,541 |percentage = 18.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Sanjay Daryappa |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 4,147 |percentage = 3.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Waghmare Avinash Babu |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,274 |percentage = 2.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mane Shravan Chandru |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,897 |percentage = 1.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhauso Malkappa Waghmare |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,232 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,449 |percentage = 18.61% |change = {{decrease}}4.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 137,021 |percentage = 66.69% |change = {{decrease}}0.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 136,760}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,467 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.24 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sanamadikar Umaji Dhannapa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 51,118 |percentage = 48.35% |change = {{increase}}14.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vhankhande Sitaram Basappa |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 26,402 |percentage = 24.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Madhukar Shankar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 19,177 |percentage = 18.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khade Suresh (Bhau) Dagadu |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,056 |percentage = 7.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,716 |percentage = 23.38% |change = {{increase}}8.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 112,508 |percentage = 66.94% |change = {{decrease}}3.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 105,721}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 168,079 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Madhukar Shankar |party = Independent politician |votes = 54,294 |percentage = 48.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanmadikar Umaji Dhanapa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,135 |percentage = 34.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhabade Jayashri Vijay |party = Janata Dal |votes = 10,935 |percentage = 9.82% |change = {{decrease}}1.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gulave Bharat Eknath |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 5,594 |percentage = 5.02% |change = {{decrease}}19.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sadamate Sunil Shivaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 929 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Alias Huparikar Sudhir Sitaram |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 872 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,159 |percentage = 14.51% |change = {{decrease}}10.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 114,576 |percentage = 69.97% |change = {{increase}}12.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 111,340}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,752 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}0.22 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Umaji Dhanappa Sanamadikar|party = Independent politician |votes = 41,054 |percentage = 48.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 20,479 |percentage = 24.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sadashiv Nagapa Chalwadi |party = Janata Dal |votes = 9,668 |percentage = 11.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sale Nitia Rajaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,053 |percentage = 8.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Vivek Apa |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,729 |percentage = 5.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sabale Mohan Pandurang |party = Independent politician |votes = 713 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,575 |percentage = 24.55% |change = {{decrease}}41.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 85,688 |percentage = 57.39% |change = {{increase}}22.98 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 83,825}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,308 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}33.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sanamadikar Umaji Dhanappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,992 |percentage = 82.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivasharan Dnyanu Kalu |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 7,186 |percentage = 17.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,806 |percentage = 65.93% |change = {{increase}}29.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,102 |percentage = 34.41% |change = {{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,178}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,278 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}18.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sohani Jayant Ishawar |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 29,036 |percentage = 64.58% |change = {{increase}}40.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Waghamode Shankar Yamanappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 12,600 |percentage = 28.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gondhale Parisa Joti |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,220 |percentage = 2.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Torana Digambar Nana |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 1,064 |percentage = 2.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sale Subhash Sidram |party = Independent politician |votes = 778 |percentage = 1.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,436 |percentage = 36.56% |change = {{increase}}28.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,375 |percentage = 40.96% |change = {{decrease}}11.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,961}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,224 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}23.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sohani Jayant Ishawar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,040 |percentage = 41.19% |change = {{decrease}}47.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sankpal Dilip Pandurang |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,570 |percentage = 32.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bamane Shivarudra Thabajirao |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 12,896 |percentage = 24.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Dnyanu Kalu |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,005 |percentage = 1.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,470 |percentage = 8.35% |change = {{decrease}}72.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,050 |percentage = 52.38% |change = {{increase}}9.94 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,511}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,107 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}47.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivrudra T. Bamane |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,096 |percentage = 88.52% |change = {{increase}}25.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Anna Krashna |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,240 |percentage = 7.34% |change = {{increase}}4.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ambavade Vishnu Hari |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,828 |percentage = 4.14% |change = {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,856 |percentage = 81.19% |change = {{increase}}50.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,427 |percentage = 42.44% |change = {{decrease}}10.69 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,164}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 107,049 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.07 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}25.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shivrudra T. Bamane |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,023 |percentage = 62.82% |change = {{decrease}}4.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. L. Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,497 |percentage = 32.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. C. Kamble |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,191 |percentage = 2.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. D. Sathe |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 496 |percentage = 1.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. S. Kamble |party = Independent politician |votes = 399 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,526 |percentage = 30.32% |change = {{decrease}}14.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 47,366 |percentage = 53.13% |change = {{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,606}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,157 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.11 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.74 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram Krishnarao Shendge |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,765 |percentage = 67.56% |change = {{increase}}37.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaji Ramachandra Shedbale |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 9,861 |percentage = 23.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balkrishna Keshav Deshpande |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,133 |percentage = 5.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimashankar Sidarampa Kannure |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,817 |percentage = 4.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,904 |percentage = 44.40% |change = {{increase}}6.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,306 |percentage = 53.41% |change = {{decrease}}7.28 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,576}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,822 |ref = |change = {{increase}}24.04 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}0.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dafale Vijaysinhrao Ramrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 27,885 |percentage = 67.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalantre Shrimati Charudatta |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,280 |percentage = 29.59% |change = {{increase}}10.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arali Bapu Yogappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,336 |percentage = 3.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,605 |percentage = 37.60% |change = {{decrease}}14.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 41,501 |percentage = 60.69% |change = {{decrease}}4.48 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 41,501}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,385 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.22 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}4.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Jat <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dafale Vijaysinhrao Ramrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 24,021 |percentage = 71.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mogali Girmallapapa Kasappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,314 |percentage = 18.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Angadi Virupaksana Guru Bassappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,768 |percentage = 5.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Galitkar Raghunath Namdeo |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 1,601 |percentage = 4.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,707 |percentage = 52.54% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,704 |percentage = 65.17% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,704}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,720 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sangli district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|17.08|75.23|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sangli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]

Silchar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-05T18:51:27Z

Umaiordarame:

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Assam, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Silchar {{Small|AS-8}}
| type = LS
| constituency_no = 8
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Assam/Silchar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Silchar Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1952
| mp = [[Parimal Suklabaidya]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Rajdeep Roy|Dr. Rajdeep Roy]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| division = [[Barak Valley]]
| district = [[Cachar]]
| assembly_cons = 7
| electors = {{formatnum:1060175}}
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
}}

'''Silchar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 14 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Assam]] state in north-eastern India. From 1951 to 1971, the area under it was referred as Cachar constituency. The constituency covers the entirety of [[Cachar district]] in the [[Barak Valley]].

==Assembly segments==
Silchar Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|accessdate = 5 October 2008
|work = Assam
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archivedate = 2006-05-04
}}</ref>
===Current assembly segments===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Name
!District
!Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
!Member
!colspan="2" |Party
!colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|114
|[[Lakhipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lakhipur]]
|Rowspan=6|None
|Rowspan=7|[[Cachar district|Cachar]]
|[[Kaushik Rai]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|115
|[[Udharbond (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udharbond]]
|[[Rajdeep Goala]]
|-
|116
|[[Katigorah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katigorah]]
|[[Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha]]
|-
|117
| [[Barkhola (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barkhola]]
|[[Kishor Nath]]
|-
|118
|[[Silchar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Silchar]]
|[[Rajdeep Roy]]
|-
|119
|[[Sonai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonai]]
|[[Aminul Haque Laskar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|120
|[[Dholai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dholai]]
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|Amiya Kanti Das
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

===Previous assembly segments===
{| class="wikitable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="100px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
|-
|9
|[[Silchar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Silchar]]
|None
|rowspan="7"|[[Cachar district|Cachar]]
|-
|10
|[[Sonai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonai]]
|None
|-
|11
|[[Dholai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dholai]]
|SC
|-
|12
|[[Udharbond (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udharbond]]
|None
|-
|13
|[[Lakhipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lakhipur]]
|None
|-
|14
| [[Barkhola (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barkhola]]
|None
|-
|15
|[[Katigorah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katigorah]]
|None
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.elections.in/assam/parliamentary-constituencies/silchar.html
| title = List of winner/current and runner up MPs Silchar Parliamentary Constituency
| work = Assam
| publisher = elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Nibaran Chandra Laskar]]
| rowspan="6" style="background-color:#00BFFF" |
|rowspan=6|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Suresh Chandra Deb]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Nibaran Chandra Laskar]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jyotsna Chanda]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|1974
| [[Nurul Huda (CPI(M) politician)|Nurul Huda]]
|bgcolor="red" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Rashida Haque Choudhury]]
|rowspan="3" style="background-color:#00BFFF" |
|rowspan=3|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Santosh Mohan Dev]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|colspan=3|Elections not held in Assam
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Kabindra Purkayastha]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|
[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Santosh Mohan Dev]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Kabindra Purkayastha]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Santosh Mohan Dev]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Kabindra Purkayastha]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Sushmita Dev]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Rajdeep Roy|Dr. Rajdeep Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Parimal Suklabaidya]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===General election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Silchar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Parimal Suklabaidya]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 6,52,405
|percentage = 59.88
|change = {{up}}7.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Suryakanta Sarkar
|votes = 3,88,094
|percentage = 35.62
|change = {{down}}8.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Radheshyam Biswas]]
|votes = 20,493
|percentage = 1.88
|change = {{up}}1.51
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 12,700
|percentage = 1.16
|change = {{up}}0.26
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 264,311
|percentage = 24.26
|change = {{up}}20.07
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,090,948
|percentage = 79.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Lok Sabha elections 2019===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]:<ref>[http://www.elections.in/assam/parliamentary-constituencies/silchar.html 2019 India General election results Silchar election.in]</ref> [[Silchar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Rajdeep Roy|Dr. Rajdeep Roy]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:499414}}
|percentage = 52.59
|change = +14.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Sushmita Dev]]
|votes = {{formatnum:417818}}
|percentage = 43.99
|change = +1.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 8,547
|percentage = 0.90
|change = +0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Hitabrata Roy
|votes = 3,514
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 81,596
|percentage = 8.60
|change = +4.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:950690}}
|percentage = 79.51
|change = +4.06
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +6.50
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Silchar]]<ref>[http://www.elections.in/results/silchar-as.html India General election 2014 results Silchar election.in]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Sushmita Dev]]|votes=3,36,451|percentage=42.07|change=+13.42}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Kabindra Purkayastha]]|votes=3,01,210|percentage=37.66|change=+2.29}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India United Democratic Front|candidate=[[Kutub Ahmed Mazumder]]|votes=85,530|percentage=10.69|change=-18.66}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=4,310|percentage=0.54|change=---}}
{{Election box majority|votes=35,241|percentage=4.41|change=1.61}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=8,00,058|percentage=75.46|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Lok Sabha elections 1971===
* Jyotsna Chanda (INC) : 100,798 votes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1971-election-results.html|title = 1971 India General (5th Lok Sabha) Elections Results}}</ref>
* A. F. Golam Osmani (IND) : 37,794

===Lok Sabha elections 1952===
* Two candidates elected from this constituency, then called 'Cachar Lushal Hill'.
* Member One : Laskar, Nibaran Chandra (INC) : 192847 votes, defeated Ghose, Satyendra Kishore (KMPP) : 84160 votes
* Member Two : Deb, Suresh Chandra (INC) : 182,692 votes, defeated Patni, Nitai Chand (KMPP) : 71,704 votes

==See also==
* [[2019 Indian general election in Assam]]
* [[Cachar district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|24.8|92.8|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Assam]]
[[Category:Cachar district]]

Eternally Confused and Eager for Love

2026-05-04T05:19:25Z

Umaiordarame:

{{Short description|Indian comedy drama series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Eternally Confused and Eager for Love.jpg
| genre = Comedy-Drama
| creator = Rahul Nair
| director = Rahul Nair
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vihaan Samat]]|[[Rahul Bose]]|[[Suchitra Pillai]]|[[Dalai Mulchandani|Dalai]]|[[Ankur Rathee]]|[[Jim Sarbh]]}}
| narrator =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = Sid Shirodkar
| country = India
| language = English
| num_series = 1
| num_episodes = 8
| executive_producer = {{ubl|[[Farhan Akhtar]]|[[Zoya Akhtar]]|[[Reema Kagti]]|[[Ritesh Sidhwani]]|[[Zoya Parvin]]|[[Angad Dev Singh]]|[[Kassim Jagmagia]]}}
| cinematography = {{Plainlist|
*[[Krish Makhija]]
*Sunil Borkar(2nd Unit DOP)
}}
| editor = Manan Ashwin Mehta
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 30 minutes
| company = [[Excel Entertainment]] [[Tiger Baby Films]]
| channel = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
| open_theme =
}}
'''''Eternally Confused and Eager for Love''''' is an Indian comedy-drama television series created and directed by Rahul Nair, produced by [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Ritesh Sidhwani]], [[Zoya Akhtar]] and [[Reema Kagti]] under the banner of Excel Entertainment and Tiger Baby Films. It stars [[Vihaan Samat]] as Ray and Jim Sarbh in a voice role as Ray's inner voice Wiz, with Dalai, Ankur Rathee, Rahul Bose and Suchitra Pillai in supporting roles. The series premiered on [[Netflix]] on 18 March 2022.

== Overview ==
Ray, 24, is back from college and has a decent job as a financial analyst, well on his way to a colorless routine that his wealthy parents would be proud of. All he needs now is to find that perfect match, fall in love, get married, have kids and well, you know the drill... But that's the thing – despite the imminent normalcy, Ray is of the staunch opinion that he is an average looking guy. He thinks his face is odd and asymmetrical, and this clearly means that no girl will ever even look at him. He's got the perfect job, but what's the point if he can't so much as make eye contact with a woman without absolutely freaking out?

In moments of panic, Ray turns to Wiz, a toy wizard. Wiz serves as Ray's inner voice, questioning every inch of his life. Wiz is in many ways, a higher power, integral to Ray's ethos, but of course, even he cannot help Ray.

Love travels at the speed of light these days. A young man like Ray could go from liking a girl's picture on Instagram, to falling in love with her, to feeling heartbroken, in the space of minutes. Are things easier for all the hopeless romantics out there, or have they actually become infinitely more complicated? Is Ray truly looking for love or does he just want to have sex? Romance is extremely important to Ray, but there is nothing romantic about the way he goes about looking for love.

When Ray decides to do something about his single status, he kickstarts an adventure that he is unable to handle, when his parents, full of hope, set him up with a close family friend's daughter.

Ray is helped along the way by his best friend Riya, the type of girl that Ray would probably be in love with if he hadn't known her for so long; his closest colleague Varun, a confident and handsome version of Ray; and his parents Gaurav and Meena, riding the carousel of their successful married lives, constantly arguing and yet somehow dropping great advice when Ray least expects it and most needs it.

But despite it all, when Ray stands before a beautiful young woman waiting expectantly for something to come out of his mouth, everything disappears. There's no city, no dating apps, no parents, no friends, and no inner voice.

It's just Ray. Eternally confused and eager for love.

== Cast and characters ==
* [[Vihaan Samat]] as Ray
* [[Jim Sarbh]] as Wiz (voiceover)
* Dalai Mulchandani as Riya
* Devika Vatsa as Komal
* [[Tanya Kalra]] as Naina
* Kajol Chugh as Sonali
* Namrata Sheth as Pari
* [[Aaliyah Qureishi]] as Jia
* Larissa Dsa as Priyanka
* Niharika Lyra Dutt as Ruchika
* [[Ankur Rathee]] as Varun
* [[Rahul Bose]] as Gaurav, Ray's father
* [[Suchitra Pillai]] as Meena, Ray's mother
* [[Faezeh Jalali]] as Pushpa
* Swati Bakshi as Girl at bar counter
* Himanee Bhatia
* Ayana Gaziz as Miyu Kibishi
* Norikazu Maeda as Mr. Kibishi
* Eshika Dey as Shanti
* Aishwarya Sushmita as Cocoanut Model
* Jason Arland as Sandesh
* LLavi Tyagi as Vicky

==Development==
===Production===
The series was announced in December 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/rahul-bose-suchitra-pillai-vihaan-samat-netflix-india-series-eternally-confused-eager-love/2020/12/05|title=Rahul Bose, Suchitra Pillai, Vihaan Samat in Netflix India series Eternally Confused And Eager For Love|first=Srividya|last=Rajesh|date=5 December 2020|website=IWMBuzz}}</ref> and a teaser of the series was released on 17 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/eternally-confused-and-eager-for-love-teaser-rahul-bose-returns-with-farhan-and-zoya-akhtar-s-wacky-web-show-101645072892600.html|title=Eternally Confused and Eager for Love teaser: Rahul Bose returns with Farhan and Zoya Akhtar's 'wacky' web series|date=17 February 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

===Release===
The trailer of the series was released on 18 February 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/eternally-confused-and-eager-for-love-trailer-reveals-netflixs-quirky-coming-of-age-story-starring-vihaan-samat-rahul-bose-7779549/|title=Eternally Confused and Eager for Love trailer reveals Netflix's quirky coming-of-age story starring Vihaan Samat, Rahul Bose|website=Indian Express|date=18 February 2022}}</ref> consisting of eight episodes premiered on Netflix on 18 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/young-adult-dramedy-series-eternally-confused-and-eager-for-love-to-debut-on-netflix-in-march/article65058485.ece|title=Young adult dramedy series 'Eternally Confused and Eager for Love' to debut on Netflix in March|date=17 February 2022|website=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Episodes ==

{{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall= |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt18274188/episodes|title=Eternally Confused and Eager for Love (TV Series 2022– ) - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com}} {{unreliable?|date=November 2023}}</ref>|country=In |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Origin Story
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = To save face, Ray lies about a big life event, but his friends react unexpectedly. A date set up by his mother holds promise, unless nerves take over.
----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Blind Date
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Ray chooses not to look up photos of a date before he meets her - a decision that leads him to take a hard look in the mirror at his own reflection.
----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Stag Entry
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Ray panics over a looming dinner at Pari's, but when plans change, he faces an even scarier night: a club, dancing and a girl who takes interest in him
----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Second Chance
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = When an opportunity for another shot with Pari has Ray newly optimistic, advice for how not to mess it up comes from an unlikely source.

----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Foolproof
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Ray wavers between pursuing Ruchika and telling Pari a dreaded truth. Meanwhile, a flawed plan reveals he still has lots to understand about women.
----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Homecoming
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Mortified after the previous night, Ray indulges in some alone time, finally responds to Ruchika and some awkward encounters at a house party.
----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Double Trouble
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = With his job and personal life tanking, Ray looks to an unexpected online match for cheering up, and tries a new approach on his date with Ruchika.
----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Ray + Who? = Love
|DirectedBy = Rahul Nair
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Before Varun's engagement party, Ray mends a burned bridge. But at the event, fragile hope, loneliness and several drinks may add up to trouble.
----
|LineColor = 000000
}}

}}

==Reception==
Kusumita Das of ''Firstpost'' stated that "The show is a zeitgeist of the times we live in, but do not go looking for emotional complexities and nuance, On the other side it keeps you occupied but makes you feel empty."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/eternally-confused-and-eager-for-love-review-yet-another-addition-to-the-list-of-emotionally-vacant-high-aesthetic-shows-10469241.html|title=Eternally Confused and Eager For Love review: Yet another addition to the list of emotionally vacant high-aesthetic shows|date=18 March 2022|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=18274188}}
* {{Netflix title}}

{{Netflix original current series}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eternally Confused and Eager for Love}}
[[Category:2022 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Netflix television dramas]]
[[Category:Excel Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Tiger Baby Films films]]

National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

2026-05-02T15:16:29Z

Umaiordarame:

{{short description|Act of the Parliament of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title =
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Green Tribunal for the effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
| citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2025/1/AA2010__19green.pdf Act No. 19 of 2010]
| territorial_extent =
| enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha]]
| date_passed = 30 April 2010
| enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| date_passed2 = 5 May 2010
| assented_by = [[President of India|President]] [[Pratibha Patil]]
| date_assented = 18 October 2010
| date_commenced =
| bill_history_url = https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-green-tribunal-bill-2009
| bill = National Green Tribunal Bill, 2009
| bill_citation = [https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2009/Green_Tribunal_Bill_2009.pdf Bill No. 63 of 2009]
| bill_date = 31 July 2009<ref name="NGT Bill, 2009">{{cite web|title=NGT Bill, 2009|url=http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-green-tribunal-bill-2009-740/|access-date=22 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918180127/http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-green-tribunal-bill-2009-740/|archive-date=18 September 2013}}</ref>
| introduced_by = [[Jairam Ramesh]], [[Minister of State|MoS]] for [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Environment and Forests]]
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| passed = 30 April 2010
| committee_report = 24 November 2009<ref name="NGT Bill, 2009"/>
| passed2 = 5 May 2010
| repeals = National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 (27 of 1995)
| summary =
| keywords =
| status = in force
}}

{{Environmental law}}

The '''National Green Tribunal Act, 2010'''<ref>[http://www.greentribunal.gov.in/acts.php National Green Tribunal Website]</ref> is an Act of the [[Parliament of India]] which enables the creation of a special tribunal for the expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to [[environmental issues]].<ref>[http://moef.nic.in/rules-regulations/national-green-tribunal-ngt Ministry of Environment and Forest Website]</ref> It draws inspiration from Article 21 of India's constitution, on the protection of life and personal liberty, which assures the citizens of India the [[right to a healthy environment]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ngt-directs-dpcc-to-submit-action-taken-against-defaulting-industries-in-narela-bawana-119052800844_1.html|title=NGT directs DPCC to submit action taken against defaulting industries in Narela, Bawana|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=28 May 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-08-01|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> This Act serves as the basis for the establishment of the [[National Green Tribunal (NGT)]].

== Definition ==
The Act of Parliament defines the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 as follows:

<blockquote>
An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Green Tribunal for the effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to [[environmental protection]] and [[forest conservation|conservation of forests]] and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/NGT-fin.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810151851/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/NGT-fin.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>

The Tribunal's dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy [[environmental justice]] and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts. The [[Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007|Tribunal]] shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the [[Code of Civil Procedure (India)|Code of Civil Procedure]], 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice. The tribunal is mandated to make and endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of the filing of the same. Initially, the NGT is proposed to be set up at five places of sittings and will follow circuit procedure for making itself more accessible; New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai shall be the other place of sitting of the Tribunal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moef.nic.in/rules-regulations/national-green-tribunal-ngt |title=National Green Tribunal (NGT) {{!}} Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India |website=moef.nic.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701020333/http://moef.nic.in/rules-regulations/national-green-tribunal-ngt |archive-date=2013-07-01}} </ref>

== Origin ==
During the summit of [[United Nations Conference on Environment and Development]] in June 1992, India vowed the participating states to provide judicial and administrative remedies to the victims of the pollutants and other environmental damage.

There lie many reasons behind the setting up of this tribunal. After India's move with [[carbon credits]], such tribunal may play a vital role in ensuring the control of emissions and maintaining the desired levels. This is the first body of its kind that is required by its parent statute to apply the [[polluter pays principle]] and the principle of [[sustainable development]].

India is the third country following Australia and New Zealand to have such a system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/enablers/cel/national_green_tribunal/|title = Green Tribunal}}</ref>
Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) works under the act of (NGT).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/ngt-seeks-report-from-dpcc-on-pollution/article27528144.ece|title=NGT seeks report from DPCC on pollution|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-06-06|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-05|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/ngt-raps-dpcc-over-failure-to-curb-air-pollution-in-the-capital/article26775663.ece|title=NGT raps DPCC over failure to curb air pollution in the Capital|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-04-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-05|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Structure ==
The five regional benches are at [[New Delhi]] (North), [[Mumbai]] (West), [[Bhopal]] (Central), [[Chennai]] (South) and [[Kolkata]] (East). Each Bench has a specified geographical jurisdiction in a region. Further, a mechanism for circuit benches is also available. For example, the Southern Zone bench, which is based in Chennai, can decide to have sittings in other places like Bangalore or Hyderabad.

The Chairperson of the NGT is a retired Judge of the Supreme Court, headquartered in New Delhi. On 18 October 2010, Justice [[Lokeshwar Singh Panta]]<ref>[http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/127_lspanta.htm Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta]</ref> became its first Chairman and currently [[Prakash Shrivastava|Justice Prakash Shrivastava]] has been appointed as Chairperson of [[National Green Tribunal|National Green Tribunal (NGT)]] on 21 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Appointment of Chairperson of National Green Tribunal |url=https://greentribunal.gov.in/honble-mr-justice-prakash-shrivastava |archive-date= |access-date=}}</ref> Retired justice Adarsh Kumar Goel is the former chairman of the tribunal from 6 July 2018 to 6 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former chairman of the tribunal |url=https://greentribunal.gov.in/honble-mr-justice-adarsh-kumar-goel |archive-date= |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref> Also, on 15 January 2022, [[Afroz Ahmad]] took charge as a Member at the Principal bench Delhi. Other Judicial members are retired judges of High Courts. Each bench of the NGT will comprise at least one Judicial Member and one Expert Member. Expert members should have a professional qualification and a minimum of 15 years of experience in the field of environment/forest conservation and related subjects. The members are not re-elected.

== Former chairpersons ==
Following is the list of the former NGT chairpersons<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2023 |title=Former Chairperson |url=https://www.greentribunal.gov.in/former-chairperson}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sr No
!Name
!From
!To
|-
|1
|[[Lokeshwar Singh Panta]]
|18 October 2010
|31 December 2011
|-
|2
|[[Swatanter Kumar]]
|20 December 2012
|19 December 2017
|-
|3
|[[Adarsh Kumar Goel]]
|6 July 2018
|6 July 2023
|-
|4
|[[Prakash Shrivastava]]
|2023
|
|}
==See also==
*[[Central Pollution Control Board]]
*[[Environmental issues in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web|url=http://envfor.nic.in/legis/others/envapp97.html|title=THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT APPELLATE AUTHORITY ACT, 1997 / ACT NO. 22 OF 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420115402/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/others/envapp97.html|archive-date=20 April 2018}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html|title=THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986 / No. 29 OF 1986|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305044031/http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html|archive-date=5 March 2019}}
* {{cite web | title=National Green Tribunal | website=National Green Tribunal | url=http://www.greentribunal.gov.in/ | ref={{sfnref | National Green Tribunal}} | access-date=2021-11-26}}

{{Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India)}}
{{Industrial Ecology}}
{{Quasi-judicial bodies of India}}
{{Public Services of India}}
{{Civil service}}

[[Category:Indian tribunals]]
[[Category:India and the United Nations]]
[[Category:Environmental law in India]]
[[Category:2010 in the environment]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2010]]
[[Category:Manmohan Singh administration]]
[[Category:Right to a healthy environment]]

Har Har Mahadev

2026-04-30T09:21:00Z

Umaiordarame: Put up new details

{{Short description|2022 Marathi-language historical drama film}}
{{For|the Sanskrit invocation to Shiva|Hara Hara Mahadeva}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{use dmy|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Har Har Mahadev
| image = Har Har Mahadev poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = Abhijeet Deshpande
| writer = Abhijeet Deshpande
| producer = {{ubl|[[Zee Studios]]|Sunil Phadtare}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Subodh Bhave]]|[[Sharad Kelkar]]|[[Amruta Khanvilkar]]|[[Nishigandha Wad]]}}
| narrator = [[Raj Thackeray]]
| cinematography = Tribhuvan Babu Sadineni
| editing = Kshitija Khandagale
| music = [[Hitesh Modak]]
| studio = {{ubl|[[Zee Studios]]|Shree Ganesh Marketing And Films}}
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|2022|10|25|df=y}}
| runtime = 162 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = {{INR}}10–15 [[crore]]
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Ganesh Pandurang |title=Har Har Mahadev: बॉक्सऑफिसवर 'हर हर महादेव'ची गर्जना; अवघ्या चार दिवसांत… |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/har-har-mahadev-box-office-collection-starring-sharad-kelkar-and-subodh-bhave-also-ram-setu-and-thank-god-data-141667023947968.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhosale |first=Divya |title=Box Office Report: Ram Setu, Thank God or Har Har Mahadev, which film proved to be a hit? |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/tuesday-box-office-report-ram-setu-thank-god-har-har-mahadev-drb-rkcr22 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Asianet News |language=en}}</ref>
| gross = {{INRconvert|25|c}}
}}

'''''Har Har Mahadev''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] [[Historical drama|historical]] [[action drama film]] written and directed by Abhijeet Deshpande and produced by [[Zee Studios]] along with Sunil Phadtare under the banner of Shree Ganesh Marketing And Films.<ref>{{cite web |title=Har Har Mahadev Movie - Marathi - Times of India |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/har-har-mahadev/amp_movieshow/92044598.cm |access-date= |website=Times of India}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> It stars [[Subodh Bhave]] as [[Shivaji I]] and [[Sharad Kelkar]] as [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]] with [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], [[Nishigandha Wad]], [[Sayali Sanjeev Chandsarkar|Sayali Sanjeev]], [[Hardeek Joshi]], [[Milind Shinde]], [[Kishor Kadam|Kishore Kadam]], [[Nitish Chavan]] and [[Ashok Shinde]] playing supporting roles. The film is about the [[Battle of Pavan Khind]] where Baji Prabhu Deshpande, a general of Shivaji I who, along with his army of 300 soldiers, fought against 12,000 [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapuri]] soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-07 |title='Har Har Mahadev' Becomes The First Marathi Film To Be Released In Tamil, Telugu, Kannada |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-har-har-mahadev-becomes-the-first-marathi-film-to-be-released-in-tamil-telugu-kannada-news-228181 |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=www.outlookindia.com}}</ref>

The film was released theatrically on 25 October 2022<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=Subodh Bhave's Next Marathi Film Har Har Mahadev to Release on This Date |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/subodh-bhaves-next-marathi-film-har-har-mahadev-to-release-on-this-date-6074731.html |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=News18}}</ref> and digitally in [[Hindi]] on 8 December 2022 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEE5 announces the World Digital Premiere of ‘Har Har Mahadev’ |url=https://www.adgully.com/zee5-announces-the-world-digital-premiere-of-har-har-mahadev-125975.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=www.adgully.com}}</ref> The film collected a gross of {{INRConvert|25|c}}, it became the [[List of Marathi films of 2022|third-highest-grossing Marathi film of 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2022-11-02 |title=Har Har Mahadev Day 8 Box Office Collection |url=https://boxofficebusiness.in/2022/11/har-har-mahadev-box-office-collection.html |access-date=2025-03-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> The film won three [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]], including [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film III]] and [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director III]], and received two [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]], and earned two nominations at the [[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi]].

==Synopsis==
The film is about the [[Battle of Pavan Khind]] where 300 soldiers, led by [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]], the commander of [[Shivaji]] fought against 12,000 [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapuri]] soldiers.

== Plot ==
As the petty feudal lords and Watandars of the region express concerns about [[Shivaji]]'s expanding dominion, [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande|Baji Prabhu]] is approached to contain the young warrior's ambitions. However, when Shivaji meets Baji Prabhu and presents his vision of establishing a rule that cares for the people, Baji Prabhu gradually shifts his allegiance. The two warriors develop a profound bond of mutual respect, with each becoming willing to sacrifice his life for the other's cause.

Following Shivaji's strategic assassination of [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]], the feared Adilshahi general, the court of Bijapur grows furious. Siddi Johar, a cunning and shrewd Adilshahi commander, launches a massive military campaign against Shivaji. With an overwhelming force, Siddi Johar lays siege to the [[Panhala Fort|Panhala fort]], where Shivaji and his soldiers have taken refuge.

Facing the siege, Shivaji resolves to escape to [[Vishalgad|Vishalgad fort]] under the cover of darkness. On a rain-soaked night, Shivaji and approximately 300 handpicked soldiers, led by Baji Prabhu Deshpande, break through the siege. As they advance toward Vishalgad, Siddi Johar's forces pursue them relentlessly. Realizing the pursuing army will overtake them, Baji Prabhu devises a plan to hold back the enemy at a narrow mountain pass known as [[Pavan Khind]] while Shivaji reaches safety. Shivaji is to signal Baji Prabhu's retreat by firing three cannon shots once he arrives at Vishalgad.

At Pavan Khind, Baji Prabhu Deshpande and his 300 warriors engage in a fierce battle against the vastly larger Adilshahi force. Armed with his sword and dandpatta, Baji Prabhu fights with extraordinary valor throughout the confrontation. Despite being outnumbered, his warriors hold their ground for hours. Baji Prabhu is wounded by gunfire but continues fighting, inspiring his soldiers to resist until their final breath. Upon hearing the three cannon shots from Vishalgad, Baji Prabhu realizes his mission is complete. He and his warriors achieve martyrdom, having successfully held back thousands of enemy soldiers. The sacrifice at Pavan Khind becomes a legendary testament to the courage of the Maratha warriors and proves instrumental in the survival and continuation of Shivaji's vision for [[Hindavi Swarajya]].

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Subodh Bhave]] as [[Shivaji I]], founder of the [[Maratha Empire]] and warrior king who was known for his courage and the strategies to defeat [[Sultanate of Bijapur|Adilshahi]] and the Mughals in many of his battles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/marathi-actor-subodh-bhave-doing-shivaji-maharaj-role-in-film-har-har-mahadev/articleshow/93969086.cms|title=सुबोध भावे छत्रपती शिवरायांच्या भूमिकेत, 'हर हर महादेव' घुमणार या दिवशी!|website=Maharashtra Times|language=mr|access-date=2022-10-10}}</ref>
* [[Sharad Kelkar]] as [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]], general of Shivaji's [[Maratha Army|army]] who loses his life during the [[battle|Battle of Pavan Khind]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/har-har-mahadev-sharad-kelkars-first-look-as-baji-prabhu-deshpande-out/article65962214.ece|title=‘Har Har Mahadev’: Sharad Kelkar's first look as Baji Prabhu Deshpande out|date=2022-10-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] as Sonabai Deshpande, wife to Baji Prabhu Deshpande and the homemaker who takes care of the house and passionately supports the warrior.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/har-har-mahadev-character-posters-of-amruta-khanvilkar-as-sonabai-deshpande-and-sayali-sanjeev-as-maharani-sai-bai-bhosale-is-out/articleshow/94744853.cms|title='Har Har Mahadev': Character posters of Amruta Khanvilkar as 'Sonabai Deshpande' and Sayali Sanjeev as 'Maharani Sai Bai Bhosale' is out!|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-10-10}}</ref>
* [[Nishigandha Wad]] as [[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]], Shivaji's mother.
* [[Sayali Sanjeev Chandsarkar|Sayali Sanjeev]] as [[Sai Bhonsale]], Shivaji's consort.
* [[Hardeek Joshi]] as Abaji Vishwanath, the clever, courageous, loyal companion who supported Shivaji till the end in the battle of Swarajya.
* [[Nitish Chavan]] as Dhanaji Mhaskar, one of his many loyal, courageous and trustworthy Mavlas, who obeyed Shivaji's order.
* [[Milind Shinde]] as Siddi Johar, a traitor for Adil Shah, who has the urge to kill Shivaji.
* [[Kishor Kadam]] as Tawji, the most talented and skilled blacksmith who produced weapons for Mavalas fighting Bandal Sena and Swarajya.
* [[Ashok Shinde]] as Fulaji Prabhu Deshpande, the elder brother of Baji Prabhu Deshpande and a companion of Shivaji.
* [[Sharad Ponkshe]] as Deshmukh
* [[Mohan Joshi]] as Dhondiba
* [[Swapnil Rajshekhar]]
* [[Shrikant Yadav]]
* Atharva Bedekar
* Rohan Ekke
* Surendra Thakur
* Sachin Shinde
* Snigdha Akolkar
* Sonali Patil
* Rajas Sule as Sada}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Har Har Mahadev
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Hitesh Modak]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 7 October 2022<ref>[https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_l_u0hH0nhtP5mmJkfSJfZmRkmhKC8gstU&feature=share Har Har Mahadev (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, YouTube Music]</ref>
| recorded = 2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 12:19
| language = Marathi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Panghrun]]
| prev_year = 2022
| year = 2022
| next_title = [[Juna Furniture]]
| next_year = 2024
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|arQrfPm2-mM|Har Har Mahadev - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Hitesh Modak]] and the lyrics are written by Mangesh Kangane and Mandar Cholkar.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Wah Re Shiva
| lyrics1 = Mangesh Kangane
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| length1 = 4:06
| title2 = Har Har Mahadev - Title Track
| lyrics2 = Mangesh Kangane
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Hitesh Modak]]
| length2 = 4:12
| title3 = Baaji Ra
| lyrics3 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra3 = Manish Rajgire
| length3 = 3:47
| total_length = 12:19
}}

==Marketing and release==
The teaser of the film was released on 4 March 2022, which included a voice-over given by [[Raj Thackeray]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 March 2022 |title='Har Har Mahadev': Raj Thackrey gives voiceover for the teaser of Abhijeet Deshpande's upcoming historical film- watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/har-har-mahadev-raj-thackrey-gives-voiceover-for-the-teaser-of-abhijeet-deshpandes-upcoming-historical-film-watch/articleshow/89985341.cms |website=Times of India}}</ref> The trailer of the film was released on 10 October 2022 and received 5 million views in less than 24 hours on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=12 October 2022 |title=`Har Har Mahadev` trailer: Sharad Kelkar and Subodh Bhave starrer crosses 5 million views in less than 24 hours |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/har-har-mahadev-trailer-sharad-kelkar-and-subodh-bhave-starrer-crosses-5-million-views-in-less-than-24-hours-2520900.html |website=Zee News}}</ref>

=== Theatrical ===
The film was released theatrically on 25 October 2022.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 June 2022 |title=Zee Studios' Har Har Mahadev to release this Diwali 2022 |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/ott/zee-studios-to-release-sivagarjanas-har-har-mahadev-near-diwali-174730 |website=News9}}</ref> It also became the first Marathi film to be released in [[Hindi]], [[Tamil (language)|Tamil]], [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] languages.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 June 2022 |title='Har Har Mahadev' Becomes The First Marathi Film To Release In Five Languages |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-har-har-mahadev-becomes-the-first-marathi-film-to-release-in-various-languages-news-200660 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=22 October 2022 |title=Sharad Kelkar reveals why Har Har Mahadev is releasing as pan-India film, says 'Maratha history didn't...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-sharad-kelkar-reveals-why-har-har-mahadev-is-releasing-as-pan-india-film-says-maratha-history-didn-t-2995005 |website=DNA India}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film was released on 9 December 2022 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Sharad Kelkar’s Har Har Mahadev gets OTT release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/sharad-kelkars-har-har-mahadev-gets-ott-release-date-8313926/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Har Har Mahadev'' met with critical acclaim, with emphasis on the direction, the cast's performance, cinematography, visual effects, and emotional weight.

Subhash K Jha of ''IWM Buzz'' gave 4 out of 5 stars and wrote, “Go for this disarming tryst with history with open arms. It is an experience of a lifetime. Powerful and persuasive, with some sequences designed to cause goosebumps.” Shalmesh More of Koimoi.com rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote “''Har Har Mahadev'' is driven by a story that has already been told but still deserves your watch on the big screen due to its emotional treatment. It's more than a war drama!”<ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Shalmesh |date=2022-10-25 |title=Har Har Mahadev Movie Review: Subodh Bhave-Sharad Kelkar Starrer Focuses More On The Human Side Of A Warrior & It's A Welcoming Change! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/marathi-movie-reviews/har-har-mahadev-movie-review-subodh-bhave-sharad-kelkar-starrer-focuses-more-on-the-human-side-of-a-warrior-its-a-welcoming-change/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Koimoi }}</ref> Mihir Bhanage of [[The Times of India|''The Times of India'']] gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and said, “The film succeeds in creating a big-screen spectacle, but the repeat value in the story dampens the spirit.”<ref>{{Citation |title=Har Har Mahadev Movie Review: Succeeds in creating a big-screen spectacle, but the story's repeat value dampens the spirit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/har-har-mahadev/movie-review/95080443.cms |access-date=2022-11-08}}</ref>

Shaheen Irani of ''[[OTTplay]]'' rated 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, “''Har Har Mahadev'' is a cinematic brilliance in the last hour of the film. Up to that point, you are only trying to figure out where the story is headed and where it will lead to. Even then, although the visuals are beyond appealing, the music is not.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Har Har Mahadev review: Subodh Bhave-Sharad Kelkar's film is almost good |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/har-har-mahadev-review-subodh-bhave-sharad-kelkars-film-is-a-cinematic-brilliance-if-you-have-the-patience-for-it/23c8073f02558 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=OTTPlay }}</ref> Mayur Sanap of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' calls it an “emotionally-charged war drama” and appreciated the cast. Overall he wrote “''Har Har Mahadev'' is not without flaws and had the potential for much more. But credit to Director Deshpande for attempting to make the tale layered and emotionally moving.” with a rating of 2.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SANAP |first=MAYUR |title=Har Har Mahadev Review: Emotionally-Charged War Drama |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/har-har-mahadev-review/20221029.htm |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Rediff }}</ref>

Sameer Ahire of ''Movie Talkies'' criticised the direction but appreciated Kelkar, Khanvilkar, and Sanjeev's performance and wrote, “Sharad Kelkar's Electrifying Act Saves The Mediocre Vision Of Abhijeet Deshpande In This Legendary Tale.” He gave 2.5 stars out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahire |first=Sameer |date=2022-10-26 |title=Har Har Mahadev Review - Sharad Kelkar's Electrifying Act Saves The Mediocre Vision Of Abhijeet Deshpande In This Legendary Tale - Movie Talkies |url=https://www.movietalkies.com/movies-reviews/har-har-mahadev-review-sharad-kelkars-electrifying-act-saves-the-mediocre-vision-of-abhijeet-deshpande-in-this-legendary-tale/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.movietalkies.com }}</ref> Likewise, ''Film Information'' gave positive reviews, noting Deshpande's impactful direction, dialogues, and Sadineni's camerawork but criticised the editing.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |title=‘HAR HAR MAHADEV’ (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 25 October 2022 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/har-har-mahadev-marathi-review-25-october-2022/ |access-date=2022-11-08 }}</ref>

== Controversy ==
Following the release of the trailer, the Bandal descendants objected to the trailer and submitted a detailed complaint letter two days before the film's premiere, alleging that the film is based on a false history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Har Har Mahadev: हर हर महादेव चित्रपट वादात, चुकीचा इतिहास पसरवला जात असल्याने आक्षेप |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/controversy-about-movie-har-har-mahadev-objection-about-historical-facts-in-trailer-nsa95 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Sakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref> Within a week after the film's release, [[Amol Mitkari]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] and politician [[Sambhaji]], the 13th direct descendant of [[Shivaji]], and their outfit Swarajya Sanghatan criticized it as misleading [[historical revisionism]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-06 |title='सिनेमॅटिक लिबर्टीच्या नावानं चित्रपटात काही पण दाखवायचं?' संभाजीराजेंनी उपस्थित केलेले मुद्दे |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photo-gallery/news/maharashtra-sambhajiraje-chhatrapati-on-marathi-historic-cinema-controversy-1118117 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Har Har Mahadev Controversy: 'हर हर महादेव' सिनेमा वादाच्या भोवऱ्यात; आमदार मिटकरींनी घेतला मोठा आक्षेप |url=https://www.saamtv.com/mumbai-pune/har-har-mahadev-movie-controversy-amolt-mitkari-created-argument-through-his-tweet |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref> On 7 November 2022, MLA [[Jitendra Awhad|Jitendra Awad]] and NCP workers shut down the film's screening in [[Thane]]'s [[Viviana Mall]]. A fan was also assaulted by an activist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Awhad again in controversy, the audience who came to see ‘Har Har Mahadev’ was beaten up by NCP workers News WAALI |url=https://newswaali.com/jitendra-awhad-again-in-controversy-the-audience-who-came-to-see-har-har-mahadev-was-beaten-up-by-ncp-workers-news-waali/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> The film's director clarified his position on this matter during a press conference, stating that the film is based on historical sources and has been submitted to the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title='हर हर महादेव' सिनेमाच्या वादावर दिग्दर्शक अभिजीत देशपांडेंनी भूमिका स्पष्ट करत विरोधकांना सुनावलं; 'त्यांच्याकडूनच अपमान झाल्याने शिवरायांसह महाराष्ट्राच्या माफी' ची मागणी |url=https://marathi.latestly.com/entertainment/marathi/har-har-mahadev-controversy-director-abhijeet-deshpande-slams-political-opposition-asks-apologies-416479.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=LatestLY |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-24 |title=Explained: Controversy Over Marathi Film 'Har Har Mahadev' Depicting Chhatrapati Shivaji |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/explainers/news/controversy-over-marathi-film-har-har-mahadev-depicting-chhatrapati-shivaji-584688.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!Award
!Date of ceremony
!Category
!Recipient(s)
!Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
| rowspan="5" | [[13th MFK Awards|20 January 2023]]
| [[MFK Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]]
| ''Har Har Mahadev''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon: यंदा कोण ठरणार ‘महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट’? नामांकनं जाहीर! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-nominations-declare-know-how-to-vote-141671676182720.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Director|Favourite Director]]
|Abhijeet Deshpande
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]
|[[Sharad Kelkar]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actress|Favourite Supporting Actress]]
|[[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Villain|Favourite Villain]]
|[[Milind Shinde]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
| rowspan="2" |13 March 2023
|Best Art Director
|Satish Chipkar, Rakesh Kadam, Sachin Patil
|{{won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2023: कुणाला मिळणार 'झी चित्र गौरव' २०२३ पुरस्कार.. नामांकन यादी जाहीर.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/zee-chitra-gaurav-2023-nomination-list-announced-nsa95 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume]]
|[[Nachiket Barve]]
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
| rowspan="2" |[[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi|30 March 2023]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]
|[[Sharad Kelkar]]
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations announced for the Planet Marathi presents Filmfare Awards Marathi 2022 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-announced-for-the-planet-marathi-filmfare-awards-marathi-2022_-57599.html |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume]]
|[[Nachiket Barve]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
| rowspan="7" |[[60th Maharashtra State Film Awards|5 August 2025]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film III]]
| rowspan="2" |''Har Har Mahadev''
|{{won}}
| rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gurav |first=Minal |date=2025-08-06 |title=आणि विजेते आहेत... Maharashtra State Marathi Film Awards 2025, विनर्सची संपूर्ण लिस्ट |url=https://news18marathi.com/entertainment/rinku-rajguru-amruta-khanvilkar-60th-and-61st-maharashtra-state-marathi-film-awards-2025-winners-full-list-1451798.html |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=news18marathi.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=६० व्या राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कारासाठी नामांकने जाहीर |url=https://www.mahamtb.com/Encyc/2025/1/28/nominations-announced-for-60th-state-marathi-film-awards.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com#/google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.mahamtb.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Social Film|Best Social Film]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director III]]
| rowspan="2" |Abhijeet Deshpande
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Social Film Director
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Subodh Bhave]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|Hitesh Modak
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Sound Mixing
|Lochan Kanvinde
|{{won}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|22489564}}
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/har-har-mahadev-hindi/0-0-1z5264517 Har Har Mahadev]'' on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language historical films]]
[[Category:2020s historical drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:2022 drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hitesh Modak]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Shivaji]]

Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar)

2026-04-30T06:58:58Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up A Page V1.

{{short description|Urdu linguist and scholar (1870–1961)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| era = 20th century
| image = Maulvi Abdul Haq.jpg
| caption = Maulvi Abdul Haq at the headquarters of [[Radio Pakistan]]
| honorific_prefix = ''Baba-e-Urdu'' [[Maulvi]]
| name = Abdul Haq
| native_name = {{nq|مولوی عبد الحق}}
| birth_date = 20 April 1870<ref name=pakpost/>
| organization = [[Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu]]
| birth_place = [[Hapur]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1961|8|16|1870|4|20}}<ref name=pakpost/>
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| resting_place = [[Federal Urdu University]] (Abdul-Haq campus), [[Karachi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/356081-fuuast-marks-57th-death-anniversary-of-maulvi-abdul-haq|title=FUUAST marks 57th death anniversary of Maulvi Abdul Haq|date=17 August 2018|access-date=29 December 2021|work=The News International newspaper}}</ref>
| title = ''Baba-e-Urdu'' ({{literal translation|''Father of [[Urdu]]''|i=yes}})
| occupation= Researcher, [[scholarly method|scholar]] and a [[literary]] [[critic]]
| known for= Compiling a Standard English-Urdu Dictionary and a lifetime dedication to the promotion of Urdu language
| signature = AbdulHaq Autograph.jpg
}}
{{Urdu literature}}
{{Aligarh Movement}}

'''Abdul Haq'''{{Efn|{{langx|ur|{{nastaliq|عبد الحق}}}}}} (20 April 1870 – 16 August 1961) was a Pakistani [[Urdu language|Urdu]] [[linguist]] and scholar. Often known as '''''Baba-e-Urdu''''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|بابائے اردو}}}}, ''Father of Urdu''), he is credited for the development and promotion of Urdu language in 20th century. He is known for demanding Urdu to be made the national language of [[Pakistan]].<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=pakpost>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps2004/maulvi_abdul_haq.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508032225/http://www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps2004/maulvi_abdul_haq.html |website=Pakistan Post website|archive-date=8 May 2008|date=31 August 2004|title=Profile and commemorative postage stamp of Baba-e-Urdu: Maulvi Abdul Haq|access-date=25 December 2023}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was deeply influenced by [[Syed Ahmad Khan|Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]]'s political and social views, and, following his wishes, learned English and scientific subjects. Like Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdul Haq saw Urdu as a major cultural and political influence on the lives and identity of the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent.<ref>S Krishna Bhatnagar (1969) History of the M.A.O. College, Aligarh. Asia Publishing House.</ref>

In the same year, he was appointed secretary of the [[All India Muhammadan Educational Conference]], which had been founded by Sir Syed in 1886 for the promotion of education and intellectualism in Muslim society. Sir Syed founded the [[Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu]] in 1886 in [[Aligarh]] with [[Thomas Walker Arnold]] as its first president and [[Shibli Nomani]] as the first secretary. In 1912 Haq was appointed as the secretary of the Anjuman. Under him, the organization flourished and published a number of magazines, notably ''Urdu'', launched in January 1921, ''Science'', in 1928, and ''Hamari Zaban'' (ہماری زبان; lit "Our Language"), in 1939.<ref name=dawnurdu>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-03|title=Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu — the movement lives on|url=https://www.dawn.com/2011/04/03/anjuman-taraqqi-i-urdu-the-movement-lives-on/|access-date=2023-12-25|website=Dawn newspaper|language=en}}{{dead link|date=April 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> During this period he also served as the Principal of Osmania College (Aurangabad) and retired from that position in 1930.<ref name=pakpost/>

==Educational and political activities==
Haq was a scholarly critic who provided criticisms of modern Urdu works and encouraged his students to develop literary skills and appreciation of Urdu. Following his retirement from Osmania University in 1930, Haq worked to compile and edit a comprehensive and authoritative English-Urdu dictionary.<ref name=pakpost/>

==In Pakistan==
In 1948, Haq migrated to Pakistan.<ref name=dawnurdu/> In the wake of [[Partition of India|migration]] and the accompanying riots in 1947, much of his property, especially valuable manuscripts, papers and books were lost. However, some of the material which he brought to Pakistan is kept in the [[Urdu Dictionary Board]] library.<ref name=pakpost/>

The ordeals of partition and the [[emigration|migration]] also adversely affected Abdul Haq's health. He re-organised the ''Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu'' in [[Karachi]], launching [[List of magazines in Pakistan|journals]], establishing libraries and schools, publishing a large number of books and promoting education in the Urdu language and linguistic research in it.<ref name=dawnurdu/> Abdul Haq's work especially helped preserve the distinct "Old Urdu" linguistic and literary traditions of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], known as ''[[Hyderabadi Urdu]]''.<ref>M Yusuf Abbasi (1992). Pakistani Culture: A Profile. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. {{ISBN|969-415-023-X}}</ref> He also used his organisation for political activism, promoting the adoption of Urdu as the ''[[lingua franca]]'' and sole official language of Pakistan.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1278009 |title=Homage paid to Baba-e-Urdu on his 55th death anniversary|newspaper= Dawn newspaper|date= 17 August 2016|access-date=25 December 2023}}</ref>

==Death==
Despite illnesses and failing health, Haq continued to promote the active use of Urdu as a medium for all educational activities.{{Citation needed|date= June 2018}} He pushed for the creation of an Urdu College in Karachi,<ref>It became a predecessor of [[Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology]]</ref><ref name=Dawn/> the adoption of Urdu as a medium of instruction for all subjects in educational institutions and worked to organise a national Urdu conference in 1959. Suffering from cancer, He died after a prolonged period of incapacitation on 16 August 1961 in [[Karachi]].<ref name=pakpost/>

==''Baba-e-Urdu'''s publications==
For his achievements in the development and promotion of Urdu literature, he is officially regarded as ''Baba-e-Urdu''. His best known works include the English-Urdu dictionary, ''Chand Ham Asar'':چند ہم عصر, ''Maktoobat'': مکتوبات, ''Muqaddimat''مقدمات, ''Tauqeedat'', ''Qawaid-e-Urdu'':قوائد اردو and ''Debacha Dastan Rani Ketki''. The [[Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu]] remains an important intellectual organisation in Pakistan. Held in high esteem amongst the intellectuals, educationalists and scholars in Pakistan, Haq is praised for his work in promoting Muslim heritage and Urdu as a unifying medium for Pakistani Muslims.<ref>M Ayub Khan (1961). Speeches and Statements. Pakistan Publications.</ref><ref name=Dawn/>

==Commemorative postage stamp issued in 2004==
In recognition of his services to [[Urdu literature]], [[Pakistan Post]] issued a [[Commemorative stamp]] in his honor on 16 August 2004 in its 'Men of Letters' series.<ref name=pakpost/>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[Jamiluddin Aali]]
* [[Sahar Ansari]]
* [[Josh Malihabadi]]
* [[Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Maulvi Abdul Haq |birth=1870 |death=1961}}
{{Pakistan Movement}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haq, Maulvi Abdul}}
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hapur]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Pakistani scholars]]
[[Category:Writers from Karachi]]
[[Category:Literary critics of Urdu]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Pakistani lexicographers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:Writers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Poets from Karachi]]
[[Category:Federal Urdu University]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:Scholars from Karachi]]
[[Category:Founders of Jamia Millia Islamia]]

Amir Khan Yaghlevandli-Javanshir

2026-04-29T03:38:52Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up The Article More To Come.

{{Short description|Qizilbash military and political figure}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Amir Khan Yaghlevandli-Javanshir
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1732
| death_date = 1775
| birth_place = [[Safavid Karabakh]]
| death_place = [[Durrani Empire]]
| nickname =
| allegiance = [[Durrani Empire]]
| branch = [[Cavalry]]
| service_years =
| rank = [[Khan (title)|Khan]]
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =
| awards =
| relations = [[Javanshir clan]]
| other_work =
}}
'''Amir Khan Yaghlevandli-Javanshir''' (b. Yaghlevandli oymagh, [[Safavid Karabakh]] - d. [[Kashmir]], [[Durrani Empire]] ) was a [[Qizilbash]] military and political figure, general, belonging to the same family as the [[Karabakh Khanate|Karabakh khans]].{{Sfn|Chingizoglu|2016|p=356}}

== Life ==
Amir Khan was born around 1732 in a [[Javanshir clan]] in Yaghlevandli oymagh of [[Karabakh|Karabagh]]. His father, [[Safi Khan Javanshir|Safi Khan]], came from the Yaghlevandli or Yaghlavend oymagh of the Turkic [[Javanshir clan]] of [[Afshar people|Afshar]] tribe. In 1756, he was taken into the service of the Afghan [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]. He made several campaigns with the Shah in [[Kashmir]] in 1756, Sirhind and Sind in 1757, [[Balochistan]] in 1750, [[Sistan]] in 1754, [[Khorasan province|Khorasan]] in 1754 and Balkh in 1752. In 1770, Amir Khan Jevanshir was appointed governor of Kashmir by order of Ahmad Shah Dürrani. Amir Khan Jevanshir built a number of attractions in Kashmir, for example, Sher Garni palace and Amiran Kadal bridge. Persecuted Kashmiri Pandits.{{Sfn|Ishaq Khan|2009|p=50}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-09 |title=History of Pashtuns د پښتنو تاريخ: Kashmir during Pashtun rule (1752-1819) |url=http://www.barmazid.com/2014/06/kashmir-during-pashtun-rule-1752-1819_26.html?m=1 |access-date=2023-05-24 |archive-date=2016-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009210411/http://www.barmazid.com/2014/06/kashmir-during-pashtun-rule-1752-1819_26.html?m=1 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>{{Sfn| Bakshi|2001|p=237}}<ref>Ismailov, Eldar, ''[https://www.ca-c.org/c-g-online/2014/journal_eng/c-g-1-2/10.shtml#_edn13 The Khans of Karabakh: The Roots, Subordination to the Russian Empire, and Liquidation of the Khanate]'', CA&C Press AB, Sweden</ref> According to [[Walter Roper Lawrence|Ser Walter Roper Lawrence]] was possibly the best of the Afghan rulers:

{{cquote|''Amir Khan Jawan Sher was perhaps the best of Pathan rulers, for at least he built the Amiran Kadal, the bridge which stands at the entrance of Srinagar, and constructed the palace of the Shergarhi, but. on the other hand, he showed petty spite in destroying the Mughal gardens on the Dal. The other Pathan rulers are now only remembered for their brutality and cruelty.<ref>The valley of Kashmir" (1895), Sir Walter Roper Lawrence (1857-1940)</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/valleyofkashmir00lawruoft The valley of Kashmir (1895), Sir Walter Roper Lawrence, s.197] — [https://archive.org Archive.org]</ref>''}}

Amir Khan Jevanshir died in 1775 in [[Kashmir]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
== See also ==
* [[Javanshir clan]]
*[[Javanshir Qizilbash]]
*[[Qizilbashi]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
== Source ==
* {{cite book |first=Mohammad |last=Ishaq Khan |title=Perspectives on Kashmir: Historical Dimensions |year=2009 |location= |publisher=}}
* {{cite book
|first= S.R.
|last =Bakshi
|title= Kashmir Through Ages
|year= 2001
|location=
|publisher=
}}
* {{cite book
|first= Anvar
|last =Chingizoglu
|title= Yaghlavendlis
|year= 2016
|location= Baku
|publisher= Mutarcim
}}
[[Category:1732 births]]
[[Category:1775 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Karabakh Khanate]]
[[Category:People from Afsharid Iran]]
[[Category:Afshar people]]

Karjat railway station

2026-04-26T15:09:40Z

Umaiordarame:

{{Short description|Railway Station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{one source|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Karjat
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Karjat railway station - entrance.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = [[Karjat]], [[Raigad district]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|18.911529|N|73.320903|E|region:IN_type:railwaystation|display=inline}}
| line = [[Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central Line]] [[Panvel-Karjat Railway Corridor]]
| other =
| structure =
| platform = 4
| elevation = {{convert|51.75|m|ft}}
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = 1 April 1863
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = KJT (Central Railways) S ([[Mumbai Suburban Railway]])
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| zone = [[Central Railways]]
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Mumbai Suburban Railway|line=Central|left=Bhivpuri Road|right=Palasdhari|type=Khopoli}}
| map_type = India#Maharashtra
| map_dot_label = Karjat
| route_map = {{MSR Central line}}{{MSR Panvel-Karjat Railway Corridor}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Karjat''' (station code: '''KJT''' on Central Railways and '''S''' for ''South'' on [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]]) is a railway station on the [[Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central line]] of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. [[Karjat]] is a major rail terminus, connected via local trains to [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]] Mumbai, {{stnlnk|Khopoli}} and {{stnlnk|Panvel}}.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Vikas|title=Karjat Railway Station Map/Atlas CR/Central Zone – Railway Info|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/karjat-junction-kjt/73|access-date=2020-11-27|website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Karjat railway station - Station board.jpg|Karjat railway station – Station board
File:Karjat railway station - WCAM 3 bankers at Karjat.jpg|Karjat railway station – [[Indian locomotive class WCAM-3|WCAM-3]] [[Bank engine|bankers]] at Karjat
File:Karjat railway station - dead end platform 3.jpg|Karjat railway station – dead end platform 3
File:Karjat railway station - platform board.jpg|Karjat railway station – platform board
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Karjat railway station}}
{{Central Railway}}
{{Mumbai – Suburban Railway, Central}}
{{Mumbai – Suburban Railway, Nerul-Uran/Panvel-Karjat}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Karjat-Panvel rail line]]
[[Category:Karjat-Khopoli rail line]]
[[Category:Mumbai Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Kalyan-Lonavala rail line]]

{{Maharashtra-railstation-stub}}

Krishna Pal Singh Rajpoot

2026-04-25T03:42:11Z

Umaiordarame: Put up bio

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1970)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| name = Krishna Pal Singh Rajpoot
| term_end = 2017
| term_start = 2012
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|9 January 1970}}
| constituency = [[Babina Assembly constituency|Babina]]
| successor = [[Rajeev Singh Parichha]]
| predecessor = Ratan Lal Ahirwar
| parents = Balak Das Rajpoot (father)
| birth_place = Pulgahna, [[Jhansi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| spouse = Lali Devi Rajput (m. 1988)
| children = 1 son( Mukesh Rajpoot)
| education = Intermediate
}}

'''Krishna Pal Singh Rajpoot''' is an Indian politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]] who served as Member of [[16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Babina Assembly constituency]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Babina Assembly Constituency Election Result |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/babina-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=Result University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of 16th Assembly |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/ElectedMembers/16 |website=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born on 9 January 1970 to Balak Das Rajpoot in Pulgahna, [[Jhansi district]]. He has completed up to intermediate education. He married Lali Devi Rajput on 2 July 1988 and has two sons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Legislative Assembly Bio Data |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/12081/16 |website=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कृषणपाल स िंह राजपतू, श्री |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/pdfs/mla/222.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725113250/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/pdfs/mla/222.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2019 |website=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
In [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he defeated [[Chandrapal Singh Yadav]] with 68,144 votes<ref name=":0" /> and the margin of 6,955 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Babina Assembly Seat, Uttar Pradesh Election 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/babina-118491859 |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> In [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he lost the election and ended at third position with 42,614 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BABINA ASSEMBLY ELECTION RESULTS (2017) |url=https://www.oneindia.com/babina-assembly-elections-up-222/ |website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajpoot, Krishna Pal Singh}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Sondani

2026-04-24T14:23:23Z

Umaiordarame: starting post

{{Short description|Village in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Sondani
| alternate_name = Sondhni
| image = Sondani.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| imagealttext = Victory pillar of Yashodharman at Sondani, Mandsaur
| caption = Victory pillar of Yashodharman at Sondani, Mandsaur
| map_type = India#India Madhya Pradesh
| relief = yes
| map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.0413|N|75.0918|E|display=inline, title}}
| location =
| region =
| type = Monuments
| part_of =
| length =
| width =
| area =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built =
| abandoned =
| epochs =
| cultures =
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
| event =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition =
| ownership =
| public_access =
| website =
| notes =
}}
'''Sondani''', also '''Sondhni''', is a small village at a distance of about 4 km from [[Mandsaur]] situated on Mhow-Neemuch Highway towards [[Neemuch]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Victory monuments (525 CE)==
{{main|Mandasor Pillar Inscriptions of Yasodharman}}
The spot is famous for a series of monuments with inscriptions, established by [[Yasodharman]] (ruled 515 – 545 CE), who praised himself for having defeated the [[Alchon Hun]] king [[Mihirakula]].<ref>[http://pro.geo.univie.ac.at/projects/khm/showcases/showcase9?language=en Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna]</ref>

{{Blockquote|[[File:Mandasor_stone_pillar_inscription_of_Yashodharman.jpg|200px|left|Mandasor stone pillar inscription of Yashodharman.]]"He (Yasodharman) to whose two feet respect was paid, with complimentary presents of the flowers from the lock of hair on the top of (his) head, by even that (famous) king [[Mihirakula]], whose forehead was pained through being bent low down by the strength of (his) arm in (the act of compelling) obeisance"|[[Sondani inscription|Sondani pillar inscription]].<ref>Punjab Monitor, April 2013 [http://www.punjabmonitor.com/2013/04/sondhni-pillars-where-punjabis-met-with.html], from Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 147-148.</ref>}}

The victory monuments consist in two pillars, with various other sculptural elements pointing to the existence of a former temple at this spot.<ref name="HB484">{{cite book |last1=Bakker |first1=Hans |title=Monuments of Hope, Gloom, and Glory in the Age of the Hunnic Wars. 50 years that changed India |date=2017 |publisher=J. Gonda Fund Foundation of the KNAW |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-9069847153 |pages=484–534 |url=https://www.knaw.nl/en/news/publications/monuments-of-hope-gloom-and-glory/@@download/pdf_file/20170619-gondalezing-bakker-web.pdf}}</ref>

==Style==
The art and style of the sculptural remains at Sodani are considered as a good marker of the final period of [[Gupta art]], being dated to the reign of [[Yasodharman]] (ruled 515 – 545 CE), and more precisely to about 525 CE.<ref>[http://pro.geo.univie.ac.at/projects/khm/showcases/showcase9?language=en Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna]</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Joanna |title=The Sculpture of Mandasor |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=1972 |volume=26 |page=63 |jstor=20111042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20111042.pdf |issn=0066-6637}}</ref> After that point and for the next centuries, Indian politics became extremely fragmented, with the territory being divided between smaller dynasties.<ref>"The reign of Yasodharman thus forms an important dividing point between the period of the imperial Guptas, whom he emulated, and the following centuries, when India fell into a kaleidoscopic confusion of shifting smaller dynasties" in {{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Joanna |title=The Sculpture of Mandasor |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=1972 |volume=26 |page=52 |jstor=20111042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20111042.pdf |issn=0066-6637}}</ref> The art of Sondani is considered as transitional between Gupta art and the art of [[Medieval India]]: it represents "an aesthetic which hovered between the classical decorum of Gupta art on the one hand and on the other the medieval canons which subordinated the figure to the larger religious purpose".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Joanna |title=The Sculpture of Mandasor |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=1972 |volume=26 |page=64 |jstor=20111042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20111042.pdf |issn=0066-6637}}</ref> A buff sandstone doorframe fragment from Sondani, now in the [[National Museum, New Delhi]], depicts a flying celestial couple and a smaller standing couple; it has been described as a [[Vidyadhara#Sondani_relief|Vidyadhara]], [[Gandharva]], or celestial mithuna-type motif.<ref name="MuseumFlyingCelestial">{{cite web |title=Flying celestial |url=https://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/nat_del-51-94-4736 |website=National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:The Sondani site in 1908.jpg|The Sondani site in 1908
File:Plan of Sondani.jpg|Plan of Sondani
File:Sondhni overview.jpg|Sondani overview
File:Sondhni pillar.jpg|Sondani pillar
File:Sondhni, two Dvarapalas.jpg|Sondani, two [[Dvarapalas]]
File:Vidyadharas.jpg|[[Vidyadhara]], Sondani, circa 525 CE. [[National Museum, New Delhi]]
File:0111321 Sondhni Vijayastambha, Mandasor Victory Pillars site, Mandsaur Madhya Pradesh 072.jpg|Sondani pillar capital
File:Sondani4.jpg|Info of Victory pillar of Yashodharman at Sondani, Mandsaur
File:Sondani statues.jpg|Sondani reliefs
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Mandsaur district]]

Phir Janam Lenge Hum

2026-04-20T19:19:19Z

Umaiordarame: New Data

{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Phir Janam Lenge Hum/Janam Janam Na Saathi
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[Mehul Kumar]]
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring =
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1977}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi-[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Phir Janam Lenge Hum'''/'''Janam Janam Na Saathi''''' is a bilingual Hindi-[[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati film]] directed by [[Mehul Kumar]]. It was debut film of the director.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Narwekar |first=Sanjit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYUjAQAAIAAJ&q=phir+janam+lenge+hum+janam+janam+na+saathi |title=Directory of Indian Film-makers and Films |date=1994 |publisher=Flicks Books |isbn=978-0-948911-40-8 |page=182}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Deep |first=Maan Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kgyLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT228 |title=Bollywwod Secrets |date=2020 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-5296-655-4 }}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Adil Amaan]]
*[[Bhavana Bhatt]]
*[[Ramesh Deo]] (as Ramesh Dev)
*[[Dhaval]]
*[[Gayatri (actress)|Gayatri]]
*[[Tahir Hussain]]
*[[Iftekhar]]
*[[Jagdeep]]
*[[Roopesh Kumar]]
*[[Raksha Trivedi]]

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by Bappi Lahiri, while lyrics were written by Gauhar Kanpuri.

#"Phir Janam Lenge Hum (Happy)" - [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
#"Phir Janam Lenge Hum (Sad)" - Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:1977 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s Gujarati-language films]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Prinstone Ben

2026-04-20T02:52:25Z

Umaiordarame: New New Entry

{{short description|CSI bishop}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{single source|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = [[Right Reverend|The Right Reverend]]
| name = Prinstone Ben
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Diocese of South Kerala of the Church of South India|Bishop of South Kerala]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Christianity|Christian]]
| archdiocese = CSI
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = [[Diocese of South Kerala of the Church of South India|South Kerala]]
| see =
| term_start = 2025
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| opposed =
| successor =
| ordination =
| consecration =
| cardinal =
| rank =
| other_post =

| birth_name = Ben
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality = Indian
| religion = christian
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation = Bishop
| profession = CSI
| previous_post = District chairman
| alma_mater =
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| other =
}}

'''Prinstone Ben''' is a bishop in the [[Church of South India]]. Ben has been [[Diocese of South Kerala of the Church of South India|Bishop of South Kerala]] since March 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2026-03-23 |title=CSI South Kerala diocese gets new bishop as Princeton Ben takes charge |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2026/Mar/23/csi-south-kerala-diocese-gets-new-bishop-as-princeton-ben-takes-charge |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References==
{{Reflist}}{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Christianity|portal3= India}}
{{Dioceses in the Church of South India}}
{{India topics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ben, Prinstone}}
[[Category:21st-century Anglican bishops in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian bishops]]
[[Category:Indian Christian religious leaders]]
[[Category:Anglican bishops of Kanyakumari]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
{{India-Anglican-bishop-stub}}

List of international trips made by prime ministers of India

2026-04-16T16:31:59Z

Umaiordarame: Added entry

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
The following is a list of international prime ministerial trips made by prime ministers of India in chronological order.

[[File:Visit by indian prime minister.png|500px|thumb|center|Map of international trips made by prime ministers of India (as of December 2025). Does not include split countries like Soviet Union, Sudan, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, but past prime ministers did vist the parent country.]]

==Summary of prime ministers with number of countries visited==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ List of prime ministers with number of countries visited
!
! Prime minister !! Tenure !! Number of visits !! Number of countries visited
|-
!1
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|1947–1964
|35
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru|43]]
|-
!2
|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|1964–1966
|7
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Lal Bahadur Shastri|8]]
|-
!3
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|1966–1977, 1980–1984
|52
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi|69]]
|-
!4
|[[Morarji Desai]]
|1977–1979
|9
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Morarji Desai|15]]
|-
!5
|[[Charan Singh]]
|1979–1980
|0
|0
|-
!6
|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|1984–1989
|27
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Rajiv Gandhi|41]]
|-
!7
|[[V. P. Singh]]
|1989–1990
|4
|4
|-
!8
|[[Chandra Shekhar]]
|1990–1991
|2
|2
|-
!9
|[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|1991–1996
|32
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by P. V. Narasimha Rao|39]]
|-
!10
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|1996, 1998–2004
|29
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee|32]]
|-
!11
|[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|1996–1997
|6
|6
|-
!12
|[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]
|1997–1998
|4
|6
|-
!13
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
|2004–2014
|71
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh|46]]
|-
!14
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|2014–present
|97
|[[List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi|79]]
|}

==Jawaharlal Nehru==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru}}

In his sixteen-year long tenure as the Prime Minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] made 35 international trips, visiting 43 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru prime ministerial trips.svg|500px|thumb|center|Map of international trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru as Prime Minister.]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (27)
|[[Austria]], [[Bhutan]], [[British Hong Kong]], [[Cambodia]], [[Canada]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Greece]], [[Iran]], [[Japan]], [[Laos]], [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands]], [[North Vietnam]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]], [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]], [[South Vietnam]], [[Sudan]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Thailand]], [[Turkey]], [[United Kingdom]], [[West Germany]]
|-
|2 visits (12)
|[[Burma]], [[China]], [[France]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Lebanon]], [[Nepal]], [[Nigeria]], [[Pakistan]], [[Soviet Union]], [[Syria]], [[Yugoslavia]]
|-
|3 visits (2)
|[[Ceylon]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
|4 visits (1)
|[[United States]]
|-
|7 visits (1)
|[[Egypt]]
|}

==Lal Bahadur Shastri==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Lal Bahadur Shastri}}

In his two-year long tenure as the Prime Minister, [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] made 7 international trips, visiting 8 countries.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (7)
|[[Burma]], [[Canada]], [[Egypt]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Yugoslavia]]
|-
|2 visits (1)
|[[Soviet Union]]
|}

==Indira Gandhi==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi}}

In her sixteen-year-long tenure as the prime minister, [[Indira Gandhi]] made 52 international trips, visiting 69 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

[[File:Indira Gandhi prime ministerial trips.svg|500px|thumb|center|Map of international trips made by Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister.]]
{{legend|#a1a7ef|One visit}}
{{legend|#737ce8|Two visits}}
{{legend|#4f5ae3|Three visits}}
{{legend|#2533dd|Four visits}}
{{legend|#1a25ac|Five visits}}
{{legend|#111976|Six visits}}
{{legend|#000000|Seven or more visits}}
{{legend|#FF9933|India}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (46)
|[[Algeria]], [[Argentina]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Belgium]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Denmark]], [[East Germany]], [[Fiji]], [[Finland]], [[Greece]], [[Guyana]], [[Hungarian People's Republic|Hungary]], [[Pahlavi Iran|Iran]], [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]], [[Italy]], [[Jamaica]], [[Kuwait]], [[Lebanon]], [[Libya]], [[Malaysia]], [[Maldives]], [[Mexico]], [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]], [[New Zealand]], [[Norway]], [[Philippines]], [[Polish People's Republic|Poland]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]], [[Singapore]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Thailand]], [[Tonga]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Tunisia]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Uruguay]], [[Vatican City]], [[Venezuela]], [[West Germany]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|-
|2 visits (14)
|[[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[Australia]], [[Austria]], [[Bhutan]], [[People's Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma|Burma]], [[Cyprus]], [[Indonesia]], [[Japan]], [[Kenya]], [[Nepal]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]]
|-
|3 visits (4)
|[[Mauritius]], [[Seychelles]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[United Arab Republic]]
|-
|5 visits (3)
|[[France]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Yugoslavia]]
|-
|6 visits (1)
|[[United States]]
|-
|9 visits (1)
|[[Soviet Union]]
|}

==Morarji Desai==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Morarji Desai}}

In his two-year long tenure as the Prime Minister, [[Morarji Desai]] made 9 international trips, visiting 15 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Morarji Desai's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (12)
|[[Australia]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Belgium]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[France]], [[Kenya]], [[Nepal]], [[Poland]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[United States]], [[West Germany]], [[Yugoslavia]]
|-
|2 visits (3)
|[[Iran]], [[Soviet Union]], [[United Kingdom]]
|}

==Charan Singh==
[[Charan Singh]] did not make any international visit as prime minister.

==Rajiv Gandhi==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Rajiv Gandhi}}

In his five-year long tenure as the Prime Minister, [[Rajiv Gandhi]] made 27 international trips, visiting 41 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (28)
|[[Algeria]], [[Angola]], [[Australia]], [[Bahamas]], [[Burma]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Cuba]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Egypt]], [[Hungary]], [[Indonesia]], [[Jordan]], [[Maldives]], [[Mauritius]], [[Mexico]], [[New Zealand]], [[Oman]], [[Spain]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Syria]], [[Tanzania]], [[Thailand]], [[Turkey]], [[West Germany]], [[Zambia]]
|-
|2 visits (9)
|[[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[France]], [[Nepal]], [[Netherlands]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Vietnam]], [[Yugoslavia]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|-
|3 visits (2)
|[[Japan]], [[Pakistan]]
|-
|4 visits (2)
|[[Soviet Union]], [[United States]]
|}

==V. P. Singh==
In his tenure as the Prime Minister, [[V. P. Singh]] made 4 international trips, visiting 4 countries.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister V. P. Singh's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (4)
|[[Malaysia]], [[Maldives]], [[Namibia]], [[Soviet Union]]
|}

{|style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable outercollapse sortable"
|-
!
!Country
!Areas visited
!Date(s)
!Purpose
!Notes
|-
!1
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|[[Windhoek]]
|March 1990
|[[Namibian independence|Namibian Independence Day]] celebrations
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!2
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|[[Kuala Lumpur]]
|1–4 June 1990
|[[Group of 15|1st G-15 summit]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!3
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|[[Malé]]
|22–24 June 1990
|[[State visit]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!4
|{{flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Moscow]]
|July 1990
|[[State visit]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

==Chandra Shekhar==
In his tenure as the Prime Minister, [[Chandra Shekhar]] made 2 international trips, visiting 2 countries.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (2)
|[[Maldives]], [[Nepal]]
|}

{|style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable outercollapse sortable"
|-
!
!Country
!Areas visited
!Date(s)
!Purpose
!Notes
|-
!1
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|[[Malé]]
|22–24 November 1990
|[[List of SAARC summits|6th SAARC summit]]
|<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://mealib.nic.in/?2519?000|title=Annual Reports Prior to 1999 : Annual Report 1990-91|access-date=2022-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416181137/https://mealib.nic.in/?2519%3F000|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!2
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Kathmandu]], [[Janakpur]], [[Biratnagar]]
|13–15 February 1991
|[[State visit]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

==P. V. Narasimha Rao==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by P. V. Narasimha Rao}}

In his five-year long tenure as the Prime Minister, [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] made 32 international trips, visiting 39 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (34)
|[[Argentina]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Brazil]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Colombia]], [[Denmark]], [[Egypt]], [[Ghana]], [[Indonesia]], [[Iran]], [[Japan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Maldives]], [[Mauritius]], [[Nepal]], [[Oman]], [[Portugal]], [[Russia]], [[Senegal]], [[Singapore]], [[South Korea]], [[Spain]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Tunisia]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Thailand]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Venezuela]], [[Vietnam]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|-
|2 visits (3)
|[[China]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]]
|-
|3 visits (2)
|[[France]], [[United States]]
|}

==Atal Bihari Vajpayee==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee}}

In his six-year long tenure as the Prime Minister, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] made 29 international trips, visiting 32 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (20)
|[[Bangladesh]], [[China]], [[Iran]], [[Italy]], [[Jamaica]], [[Japan]], [[Laos]], [[Morocco]], [[Namibia]], [[Nepal]], [[Nigeria]], [[Oman]], [[Portugal]], [[Syria]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Thailand]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Vatican City]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
|2 visits (10)
|[[Cambodia]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mauritius]], [[Pakistan]], [[South Africa]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Turkey]]
|-
|3 visits (1)
|[[Russia]]
|-
|5 visits (1)
|[[United States]]
|}

==H. D. Deve Gowda==
In his tenure as the Prime Minister, [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] made 6 international trips, visiting 6 countries.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (6)
|[[Bangladesh]], [[Italy]], [[Mauritius]], [[Russia]], [[Switzerland]], [[Zimbabwe]]
|}

{|style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable outercollapse sortable"
|-
!
!Country<ref name="Narayanan Kutty">{{Cite journal |last1=Narayanan Kutty |first1=Sumitha |last2=Ladwig III |first2=Walter C. |date=March 2025 |title=Nonresident Prime Ministers? Measuring India's Foreign Policy Orientation via Leadership Travel |journal=International Studies Quarterly |volume=69 |issue=1|article-number=sqae144 |doi=10.1093/isq/sqae144 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
!Areas visited
!Date(s)
!Purpose
!Notes
|-
!1
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|[[Harare]]
|3–5 November 1996
|[[Group of 15|6th G-15 summit]]
|<ref name="1997-98">{{Cite web |url=http://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2525%3F000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-02-20 |archive-date=2018-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001135101/https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2525%3F000 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!2
|{{flag|Italy}}
|[[Rome]]
|15–17 November 1996
|[[World Food Summit]]
|<ref name="1997-98" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!3
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Dhaka]]
|6–7 January 1997
|
|<ref name="1997-98" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!4
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|[[Port Louis]]
|February 1997
|
|<ref name="1997-98" />
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!5
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|[[Davos]]
|February 1997
|[[World Economic Forum]]
|
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!6
|{{flag|Russia}}
|[[Moscow]]
|24–26 March 1997
|
|<ref name="1997-98" />
|}

==Inder Kumar Gujral==
In his tenure as the Prime Minister, [[Inder Kumar Gujral]] made 4 international trips, visiting 6 countries.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (6)
|[[Bangladesh]], [[Egypt]], [[Maldives]], [[South Africa]], [[Uganda]], [[United States]]
|}

{|style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable outercollapse sortable"
|-
!
!Country<ref name="Narayanan Kutty"/>
!Areas visited
!Date(s)
!Purpose
!Notes
|-
!1
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|[[Malé]]
|12–14 May 1997
|[[List of SAARC summits|SAARC summit]]
|
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!2
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[New York City]]
|22 September 1997
|Met with US President [[Bill Clinton]] at the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in New York City
|<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|title = India - Visits by Foreign Leaders - Department History - Office of the Historian|url = https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/india|website = history.state.gov|access-date = 2015-12-15|archive-date = 2016-03-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160308050252/https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/india|url-status = live}}</ref>
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!rowspan="3"|3
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|[[Cairo]]
|24–25 October 1997
|
|
|-
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|[[Kampala]]
|26–27 October 1997
|
|
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|[[Johannesburg]], [[Durban]]
|28–31 October 1997
|
|
|-
!colspan="6"|
|-
!4
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Dhaka]]
|14–15 January 1998
|
|<ref name="1998-99">{{cite web|url=http://mealib.nic.in/?1571?000|title=Annual Reports Prior to 1999 : Annual Report 1998-1999|access-date=2022-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416163539/https://mealib.nic.in/?1571%3F000|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Manmohan Singh==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh}}
In his ten-year-long tenure as the prime minister, [[Manmohan Singh]] made 71 international trips, visiting 46 countries including the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

[[File:Manmohan Singh foreign trips.svg|500px|thumb|center|Map of international trips made by Manmohan Singh as Prime Minister.]]
{{legend|#a1a7ef|One visit}}
{{legend|#737ce8|Two visits}}
{{legend|#4f5ae3|Three visits}}
{{legend|#2533dd|Four visits}}
{{legend|#1a25ac|Five visits}}
{{legend|#111976|Six or more visits}}
{{legend|#000000|India}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (28)
|[[Belgium]], [[Brunei]], [[Cambodia]], [[Canada]], [[Cuba]], [[Denmark]], [[Egypt]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Finland]], [[Iran]], [[Italy]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Laos]], [[Maldives]], [[Mauritius]], [[Mexico]], [[Netherlands]], [[Nigeria]], [[Oman]], [[Philippines]], [[Qatar]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Tanzania]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Uganda]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
|2 visits (7)
|[[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Singapore]], [[South Korea]]
|-
|3 visits (3)
|[[Brazil]], [[Indonesia]], [[Thailand]]
|-
|4 visits (5)
|[[China]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[South Africa]], [[United Kingdom]]
|-
|5 visits (1)
|[[Japan]]
|-
|9 visits (1)
|[[Russia]]
|-
|10 visits (1)
|[[United States]]
|}

==Narendra Modi==
{{main|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi}}
As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, [[Narendra Modi]] has made 99 international trips, visiting 79 countries, including visits to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly.

[[File:Narendra Modi foreign trips July 2025.png|500px|thumb|center|Map of international trips made by Narendra Modi as Prime Minister (as of December 2025).]]

{{As of|{{monthyear}}}}:
{{legend|#a1a7ef|One visit}}
{{legend|#737ce8|Two visits}}
{{legend|#4f5ae3|Three visits}}
{{legend|#2533dd|Four visits}}
{{legend|#1a25ac|Five visits}}
{{legend|#111976|Six or more visits}}
{{legend|#000000|India}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visits by country
|-
!Number of visits
!Country
|-
|1 visit (42)
|[[Austria]], [[Bahrain]], [[Belgium]], [[Brunei]], [[Croatia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Denmark]], [[Egypt]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Fiji]], [[Ghana]], [[Greece]], [[Guyana]], [[Iran]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Kenya]], [[Kuwait]], [[Mexico]], [[Mongolia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[Netherlands]], [[Nigeria]], [[Pakistan]], [[Palestine]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Philippines]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]], [[Rwanda]], [[Seychelles]], [[Spain]], [[Sweden]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Tanzania]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Turkey]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uganda]], [[Ukraine]], [[Vatican City]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
|2 visits (17)
|[[Afghanistan]], [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Canada]], [[Israel]], [[Italy]], [[Jordan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Laos]], [[Mauritius]], [[Myanmar]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]], [[South Korea]], [[Switzerland]]
|-
|3 visits (6)
|[[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Maldives]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Thailand]], [[Uzbekistan]]
|-
|4 visits (5)
|[[Bhutan]], [[Brazil]], [[South Africa]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[United Kingdom]]
|-
|5 visits (2)
|[[Nepal]], [[Singapore]]
|-
|6 visits (2)
|[[China]], [[Germany]]
|-
|7 visits (2)
|[[Russia]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
|-
|8 visits (2)
|[[France]], [[Japan]]
|-
|10 visits (1)
|[[United States]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of international trips made by prime ministers of the United Kingdom]]
*[[List of international trips made by presidents of the United States]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mea.gov.in/outgoing-visits.htm?2/outgoing_visits Outgoing visits] – by [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]
* [https://academic.oup.com/isq/article/69/1/sqae144/7921924 Nonresident Prime Ministers? Measuring India’s Foreign Policy Orientation via Leadership Travel] by Sumitha Narayanan Kutty and Walter C. Ladwig III

{{Prime ministers of India}}

[[Category:Indian prime ministerial visits| ]]
[[Category:Lists relating to prime ministers of India]]
[[Category:Lists of diplomatic visits by heads of government|India]]

Yashdeep Siwach

2026-04-13T06:15:05Z

Umaiordarame: starting new article

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Yashdeep Siwach
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|12|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sonepat]], [[Haryana]], India
| height =
| position = Defender
| currentclub = Railway Sports Promotion Board
| clubs1 = Railway Sports Promotion Board
| years1 =
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| nationalyears1 = 2018–2021
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 = 23
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2022–
| nationalteam2 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 28
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2022 Jakarta]]|}}
}}
'''Yashdeep Siwach''' (born 26 December 2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yashdeep Siwach Profile |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/yashdeep-siwach-profile-6784 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Hockey India |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[field hockey]] player from Haryana. He plays as a defender for the [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian national team]] and represents Railway Sports Promotion Board in domestic tournaments.

== Early life ==
Yashdeep hails from [[Sonipat|Sonepat]], [[Haryana]]. He is the son of former Indian women's hockey team captain [[Pritam Rani Siwach]] and Kuldeep Siwach, also a hockey player.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Razzaqui |first=Dilip Unnikrishnan & Samreen |date=2022-09-28 |title=The Pritam Siwach Academy story: Two coaches, one love for hockey |url=https://scroll.in/field/1033783/indian-hockey-the-pritam-siwach-academy-story-two-coaches-one-love-for-hockey |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-30 |title=Ex-India captain Pritam Rani Siwach rooting for son at junior world hockey |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/hockey/exindia-captain-pritam-rani-siwach-rooting-for-son-at-junior-world-hockey-101638294915298.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He has a sister, Kanika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Hockey's First Ever Mother-Son Internationals |url=https://stick2hockey.com/amp/indian-hockeys-first-ever-mother-son-internationals/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=stick2hockey.com}}</ref> Inspired by his mother Pritam, he took up hockey at the age of 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-02 |title=Inspired By My Mother Pritam Siwach To Take Up Hockey: Yashdeep Siwach |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/inspired-by-my-mother-pritam-siwach-to-take-up-hockey-yashdeep-siwach-4394888.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Yashdeep made his India debut at the Asian Youth Olympic Qualifier, [[Bangkok]], in 2018. Later, after attending a National camp<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-10 |title=Hockey India names 34 players for junior men's national camp |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sports/2018-11-10/Hockey-India-names-34-players-for-junior-mens-national-camp/439651 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> at Bengaluru, he was selected to play the [[Sultan of Johor Cup]] in 2018, where India won a silver medal.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2018 |title=Sultan Johar Cup Hockey: India settle with silver |url=https://www.orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=NTUzNg== |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.orisports.com}}</ref> In 2021, he represented India at the FIH Odisha Hockey Men's Junior World Cup Bhubaneswar 2021, where India finished fourth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-05 |title=Junior Hockey World Cup 2021, India vs France Highlights: India finish fourth, lose 1-3 to France in bronze medal match |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/fih-mens-junior-hockey-world-cup-2021-india-vs-france-live-score-updates/liveblog/88104961.cms |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In June 2023, [[Hockey India]] announced its senior men core group of 39 players for the National Camp at [[Sports Authority of India|SAI]], Bengaluru and Yashdeep was included in the list.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-25 |title=Hockey India names senior men's team core group ahead of ACT |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/hockey-india-names-senior-mens-team-core-group-ahead-of-act/articleshow/101254247.cms |access-date=2023-12-13 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

When he is not participating in international hockey Yashdeep participates in local hockey competitions in Melbourne, Australia for the Mentone Hockey Club. He has stated in a local interview that one of his biggest inspirations besides his mom is a local player, Adam Wylie who he looks forward to playing with again in the future.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rogalsky |first=Ben |date=10 August 2025 |title=Panther News}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/yashdeep-siwach-profile-6784 Yashdeep Siwach] at [[Hockey India]]

{{India FH Squad 2022 Asia Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siwach, Yashdeep}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Sonipat]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey defenders]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Tika Ram Jully

2026-04-12T15:53:06Z

Umaiordarame: starting new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Tika Ram Jully
| image = Tika Ram Jully.jpg
| caption = Jully in 2023
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|11|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Alwar district|Kathuwas]], [[Rajasthan]], India<ref name="Congress appoints Tika Ram Jully as CLP leader in Rajasthan Assembly">{{cite news |last1=India TV |first1= |last2= |title=Congress appoints Tika Ram Jully as CLP leader in Rajasthan Assembly |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/congress-appoints-tika-ram-jully-leader-of-congress-legislative-party-who-is-he-latest-updates-2024-01-16-912147 |access-date=16 January 2024 |work= |date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116155734/https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/congress-appoints-tika-ram-jully-leader-of-congress-legislative-party-who-is-he-latest-updates-2024-01-16-912147 |archive-date=16 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
| office = 14th [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 19 January 2024
| predecessor = [[Rajendra Singh Rathore]]
| 1blankname = Speaker
| 1namedata = [[Vasudev Devnani]]
| 2blankname = Chief Minister
| 2namedata = [[Bhajan Sharma]]
| deputy = [[Ramkesh Meena]] (29 July 2024–present)
| office1 = [[Third Gehlot ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| governor1 = [[Kalraj Mishra]]
| term_start1 = 21 November 2021
| term_end1 = 3 December 2023
| predecessor1 = [[Bhanwarlal Meghwal]]
| successor1 = [[Avinash Gehlot]]
| 2blankname1 = [[Third Gehlot ministry|Ministry and Departments]]
| 2namedata1 = {{Collapsible list| * Social Justice & Empowerment
* Social Justice & Empowerment under Panchayati Raj
* Jail}}
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Ashok Gahlot]]
| office2 = [[Third Gehlot ministry|Minister of State]], [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| governor2 = [[Kalyan Singh]] [[Kalraj Mishra]]
| term_start2 = 24 December 2018
| term_end2 = 21 November 2021
| predecessor2 = [[Jaswant Singh Yadav]]
| successor2 = [[Sukhram Bishnoi]]
| 2blankname2 = [[Third Gehlot ministry|Ministry and Departments]]
| 2namedata2 = {{Collapsible list| * Labour (I/C)
* Factory Boilers Inspection (I/C)
* Indira Gandhi Canal Project
* Co-operative}}
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Ashok Gahlot]]
| office3 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 11 December 2018
| constituency5 = [[Alwar Rural Assembly constituency|Alwar Rural]]
| term_start5 = 2008
| term_end5 = 2013
| predecessor4 = [[Jairam Jatav]]
| successor5 = [[Jairam Jatav]]
| predecessor5 = ''New constituency''
| office6 = [[Indian National Congress|President Of Indian National Congress Alwar]]
| term_start6 = 11 February 2016
| term_end6 =
| office7 = [[Alwar|District Head Alwar]]
| term_start7 = 2005
| term_end7 = 2008
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Geeta Devi
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Maharshi Dayanand University]] & [[University of Rajasthan]]
| occupation = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] & [[Bachelor of Law|L.L.B]]
| other_party =
| profession = Advocate, Business, Politician
| website = [https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in/Containers/Members/MemberBioData.aspx official website]
}}

'''Tika Ram Jully''' (born 30 November 1980) is an Indian politician and current [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|14th Leader of the Opposition]] in [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] since July 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=In Rajasthan, Congress names Tika Ram Jully as Leader of Opposition |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/in-rajasthan-congress-names-tika-ram-jully-as-leader-of-opposition-9112497/|work=Indian Express |date= 17 Jan 2024 |access-date= 7 Jan 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Congress names Tika Ram Jully as LoP in Rajasthan|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rajasthan/congress-names-tika-ram-jully-as-lop-in-rajasthan-2851548|work=Deccan Herald |date= 16 Jan 2024 |access-date= 7 Jan 2025}}</ref> He formerly served as [[Third Gehlot ministry|Cabinet Minister]] of Social Justice, Empowerment & Jail Department & [[Third Gehlot ministry|Minister of State]] of Labour Department in the [[Government of Rajasthan]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Political career==

He has been a member of the 13th, 15th, & 16th [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]], elected from [[Alwar Rural Assembly constituency|Alwar Rural]] constituency. He is a member of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="Rajasthan Cabinet Reshuffle: The full list of ministers and key highlights">{{cite news |last1=The Economic Times |date=22 November 2021 |title=Rajasthan Cabinet Reshuffle: The full list of ministers and key highlights |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rajasthan-cabinet-reshuffle-the-full-list-of-ministers-and-key-highlights/articleshow/87848853.cms?from=mdr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116175441/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rajasthan-cabinet-reshuffle-the-full-list-of-ministers-and-key-highlights/articleshow/87848853.cms?from=mdr |archivedate=16 January 2024 |accessdate=16 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian National Congress Party |url=https://www.rajpcc.com/tikaramjuli |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=www.rajpcc.com}}</ref>

==Leader of the Opposition==

Tika Ram Jully was appointed Congress Legislative Party Leader in [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in January 2024 by [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]].<ref name="Cong appoints Tika Ram Jully as CLP leader in Rajasthan heralds generational change">{{cite news |last1=The Week |title=Cong appoints Tika Ram Jully as CLP leader in Rajasthan heralds generational change |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/01/16/del67-cong-ld-rajasthan.html |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116181118/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/01/16/del67-cong-ld-rajasthan.html |archive-date=16 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Cong appoints Tika Ram Jully as CLP leader in Rajasthan, heralds generational change">{{cite news|last1=ThePrint|title=Cong appoints Tika Ram Jully as CLP leader in Rajasthan, heralds generational change|url=https://theprint.in/india/cong-appoints-tika-ram-jully-as-clp-leader-in-rajasthan-heralds-generational-change/1926271/|accessdate=16 January 2024|date=16 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116180648/https://theprint.in/india/cong-appoints-tika-ram-jully-as-clp-leader-in-rajasthan-heralds-generational-change/1926271/|archivedate=16 January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jully, Tika Ram}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Rasipuram Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-11T15:01:58Z

Umaiordarame: New New Stub

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian parliament in Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|11.47|N|78.17|E|display=title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rasipuram
| type = LS
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| union_territory =
| established = 1977
| abolished = 2008
| assembly_cons =
| latest_election_year = 2004
| reservation = SC
| mp =
| party =
| electors = 11,32,426
}}
{{for|other places with same/similar name|Rasipuram (disambiguation)}}
[[Rasipuram]] was a Lok Sabha constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. After [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] in 2009, it is now [[wikt:Defunct|defunct]]. The area is now a part of the [[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

==Assembly segments==
Rasipuram Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-09
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archivedate = 2006-05-04
}}</ref>
#[[Chinnasalem (State Assembly Constituency)|Chinnasalem]] (defunct)
#[[Attur (State Assembly Constituency)|Attur]] (moved to [[Kallakurichi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kallakurichi]] constituency after 2009)
#[[Talavasal (State Assembly Constituency)|Talavasal (SC)]] (defunct)
#[[Rasipuram (State Assembly Constituency)|Rasipuram]] (moved to [[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Namakkal]] constituency after 2009)
#[[Sendamangalam (State Assembly Constituency)|Sendamangalam (ST)]] (moved to [[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Namakkal]] constituency after 2009)
#[[Namakkal (State Assembly Constituency)|Namakkal (SC)]] (moved to [[Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Namakkal]] constituency after 2009)

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|rowspan="5"|[[B. Devarajan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[K. Kandasamy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|rowspan="2"|[[V. Saroja]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[K. Rani (politician)|K. Rani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2004|2004]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.20}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1999|1999]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.46}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1998|1998]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.35}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|61.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|69.17}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|67.01}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|68.89}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|54.58}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.30}}
}}

=== General Elections 2004===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Rani (politician)|K. Rani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,84,170 |percentage=55.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Anbalagan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,49,637 |percentage=35.87% |change=-12.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ayyasamy |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=24,522 |percentage=3.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Ravi |party=Independent politician |votes=12,286 |percentage=1.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. P. Mariyappan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,403 |percentage=0.92% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Kumaravel |party=Janata Party |votes=4,171 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. P. V. Ponmeny |party=Independent politician |votes=3,956 |percentage=0.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Manivannan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,577 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,34,533 |percentage=19.33% |change=13.22% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,95,976 |percentage=61.46% |change= 6.09% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,32,426 |change =-2.50% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.73% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[V. Saroja|Dr. V. Saroja]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,04,843 |percentage=48.46% |change=-3.89% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Uthayarasu |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,66,438 |percentage=42.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. C. Natesan |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=46,564 |percentage=7.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Madheshwaran |party=Independent politician |votes=9,335 |percentage=1.48% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,405 |percentage=6.11% |change=-3.30% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,29,001 |percentage=55.37% |change= -10.92% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,61,452 |change =4.80% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -13.29% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[V. Saroja|Dr. V. Saroja]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,02,801 |percentage=52.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Kandasamy]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=2,48,424 |percentage=42.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Thenmozhi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,178 |percentage=3.14% |change=-29.43% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Arul Mani |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=5,338 |percentage=0.92% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=54,377 |percentage=9.40% |change=-19.78% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,78,384 |percentage=54.74% |change= -11.55% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,08,272 |change =5.78% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -9.40% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Kandasamy]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=4,08,791 |percentage=61.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Jayakumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,15,613 |percentage=32.57% |change=-36.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Chakravarthi |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=15,712 |percentage=2.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Dheenadayalan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,109 |percentage=0.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. N. Kangani |party=Republican Party of India (Athawale) |votes=3,654 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,93,178 |percentage=29.18% |change=-15.52% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,61,937 |percentage=66.29% |change= 2.87% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,47,694 |change =4.27% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -7.41% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[B. Devarajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,22,400 |percentage=69.17% |change=2.16% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Suhenya |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,49,415 |percentage=24.47% |change=-2.50% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Jeyapal |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=23,097 |percentage=3.78% |change=-0.82% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. C. Sundararajan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,625 |percentage=0.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Dharamrajan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,421 |percentage=0.72% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,72,985 |percentage=44.70% |change=4.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,10,679 |percentage=63.42% |change= 0.12% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,04,810 |change =-0.50% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.16% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[B. Devarajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,21,674 |percentage=67.01% |change=-1.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Mayavan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,69,699 |percentage=26.97% |change=-4.14% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Jayabal |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=28,971 |percentage=4.60% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,51,975 |percentage=40.04% |change=2.27% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,29,248 |percentage=63.30% |change= -8.48% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,09,869 |change =27.91% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -1.88% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[B. Devarajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,67,276 |percentage=68.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Duraisami |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,65,870 |percentage=31.11% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,01,406 |percentage=37.78% |change=23.94% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,33,146 |percentage=71.78% |change= 11.70% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,89,509 |change =7.42% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= 14.31% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[B. Devarajan]] |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=2,36,112 |percentage=54.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Anbalagan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,76,240 |percentage=40.74% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Kamaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=6,106 |percentage=1.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Kandaswamy |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=5,018 |percentage=1.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Kandaswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=4,903 |percentage=1.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Rangasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,589 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=59,872 |percentage=13.84% |change=-16.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,32,588 |percentage=60.08% |change= -3.15% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,34,978 |change =2.59% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -7.72% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Indian general election]] : Rasipuram}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[B. Devarajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,75,212 |percentage=62.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jothi Venkatachalam]] |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=1,41,774 |percentage=32.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Vajravel |party=Independent politician |votes=24,793 |percentage=5.61% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,33,438 |percentage=30.20% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,41,779 |percentage=63.24% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,16,448 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Rasipuram]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]

Jammu Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-05T23:56:18Z

Umaiordarame: Put up entry

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Jammu {{Small|JK-5}}
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| established = 1962
| electors = 17,80,835<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=26 May 2024 }}</ref>
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Jammu and Kashmir/Jammu.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Jammu Lok Sabha constituency
| mp = [[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Gulabgarh Assembly constituency|Gulabgarh]] [[Reasi Assembly constituency|Reasi]] [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Assembly constituency|Shri Mata Vaishno Devi]] [[Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]] [[Vijaypur (Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency)|Vijaypur]] [[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota]] [[Jammu East Assembly constituency|Jammu East]] [[Jammu North Assembly constituency|Jammu North]] [[Jammu West Assembly constituency|Jammu West]] [[Bishnah Assembly constituency|Bishnah]] [[Ranbir Singh Pura Assembly constituency|Ranbir Singh Pura]] [[Bahu Assembly constituency|Bahu]] [[Suchetgarh Assembly constituency|Suchetgarh]] [[Marh Assembly constituency|Marh]] [[Akhnoor Assembly constituency|Akhnoor]] [[Kalakote-Sunderbani Assembly constituency|Kalakote-Sunderbani]] [[Chhamb Assembly constituency|Chhamb]] [[Samba Assembly constituency|Samba]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Jugal Kishore Sharma.jpg
}}

'''Jammu Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the five [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] union territory of in northern [[India]]. This constituency was created in 1962.

==Assembly segments==
{| class="wikitable"
! AC No.
! AC Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|56
|[[Gulabgarh Assembly constituency|Gulabgarh]] (ST)
| rowspan="3" |[[Reasi district|Reasi]]
|[[Khurshied Ahmed]]
|{{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|57
|[[Reasi Assembly constituency|Reasi]]
|[[Kuldeep Raj Dubey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=15}}
|-
|58
|[[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Assembly constituency|Shri Mata Vaishno Devi]]
|[[Baldev Raj Sharma]]
|-
|69
|[[Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]] (SC)
| rowspan="3" |[[Samba district|Samba]]
|[[Devinder Kumar Manyal]]
|-
|70
|[[Samba (Vidhan Sabha Assembly constituency)|Samba]]
|[[Surjeet Singh Slathia]]
|-
|71
|[[Vijaypur (Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency)|Vijaypur]]
|[[Chander Prakash (politician)|Chander Prakash Ganga]]
|-
|72
|[[Bishnah Assembly constituency|Bishnah]] (SC)
| rowspan="11" |[[Jammu district|Jammu]]
|[[Rajeev Kumar (Jammu & Kashmir politician)|Rajeev Kumar]]
|-
|73
|[[Suchetgarh Assembly constituency|Suchetgarh]] (SC)
|[[Gharu Ram Bhagat]]
|-
|74
|[[Ranbir Singh Pora-Jammu South Assembly constituency|RS Pora-Jammu South]]
|[[Narinder Singh Raina]]
|-
|75
|[[Bahu Assembly constituency|Bahu]]
|[[Vikram Randhawa]]
|-
|76
|[[Jammu East Assembly constituency|Jammu East]]
|[[Yudhvir Sethi]]
|-
|77
|[[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota]]
|[[Devyani Singh Rana]]
|-
|78
|[[Jammu West Assembly constituency|Jammu West]]
|[[Arvind Gupta (politician)|Arvind Gupta]]
|-
|79
|[[Jammu North Assembly constituency|Jammu North]]
|[[Sham Lal Sharma]]
|-
|80
|[[Marh Assembly constituency|Marh]] (SC)
|[[Surinder Kumar (politician)|Surinder Kumar]]
|-
|81
|[[Akhnoor Assembly constituency|Akhnoor]] (SC)
|[[Mohan Lal (politician)|Mohan Lal]]
|-
|82
|[[Chhamb Assembly constituency|Chhamb]]
|[[Satish Sharma (politician)|Satish Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|-
|83
|[[Kalakote-Sunderbani Assembly constituency|Kalakote-Sunderbani]]
|[[Rajouri district|Rajouri]]
|[[Randhir Singh (politician)|Randhir Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Inder Jit Malhotra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Thakur Baldev Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Girdhari Lal Dogra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Janak Raj Gupta]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Mangat Ram Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vishno Datt Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party| rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|^2002
|Chowdhary Talib Hussain
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Madan Lal Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party| rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|-
|}
^ by poll

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Jammu]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Jammu">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Jammu |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-U085.htm |access-date=22 July 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722125126/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-U085.htm |archive-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 687,588
|percentage = 53.46
|change = {{down}}4.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Raman Bhalla]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 552,090
|percentage = 42.93
|change = {{up}}5.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jagdish Raj
|votes = 10,300
|percentage = 0.81
|change = {{down}}0.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,645
|percentage = 0.36
|change = {{up}}0.18
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 135,498
|percentage = 10.53
|change = {{down}}9.95
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,302,176
|percentage = 72.22
|change = {{decrease}}0.28
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|swing = {{down}}4.56
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===General elections 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Jammu]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]|votes=858,066|percentage=58.02|change={{increase}}8.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Raman Bhalla]]|votes=555,191|percentage=37.54|change={{increase}}8.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Badri Nath|votes=14,276|percentage=0.97|change={{decrease}}1.51}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Bhim Singh (politician)|Prof. Bhim Singh]]|party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party|votes=4,016|percentage=0.27|change={{decrease}}0.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Subhash Chander|party=Independent (politician)|votes=3,739|percentage=0.25|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=Manish Sahni|votes=1,192|percentage=0.08|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=2,618|percentage=0.18|change={{decrease}}0.17}}
{{Election box majority||votes=302,875|percentage=20.48|change={{increase}}0.01}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,484,387|percentage=72.50|change={{increase}}4.67}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Jammu]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]|votes=6,19,995|percentage=49.34|change={{increase}}18.46}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Madan Lal Sharma]]|votes=362,715|percentage=28.87|change={{decrease}}16.38}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|candidate=Yashpal Sharma|votes=168,554|percentage=13.41|change={{increase}}2.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ashok Kumar|votes=31,199|percentage=2.48|change={{decrease}}3.44}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hari Chand Jalmeria|party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party|votes=9,071|percentage=0.72|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,382
|percentage = 0.35
|change = New
}}
{{Election box majority||votes=257,280|percentage=20.47|change={{increase}}6.07}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,253,593|percentage=67.83|change={{increase}}18.71}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{increase}}4.31
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Jammu]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Madan Lal Sharma]]
|votes = 382,305
|percentage = 45.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Lila Karan Sharma
|votes = 260,932
|percentage = 30.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|candidate = S. Tarlok Singh
|votes = 93,730
|percentage = 11.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Hussain Ali
|votes = 49,988
|percentage = 5.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 121,373
|percentage = 14.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 842,899
|percentage = 49.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress

|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Jammu district]]
* [[Reasi district]]
* [[Rajouri district]]
* [[Samba district]]
* [[Ladakh Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/jammu_kashmir/jammu/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Jammu lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord|32.7|74.9|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jammu Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu district]]
[[Category:Rajouri district]]
[[Category:Reasi district]]
[[Category:Samba district]]

2006 Mumbai sweet seawater incident

2026-04-04T02:16:25Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up New Post V1.

{{Short description|Case of mass hysteria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{wikinews|Mass hysteria over "sweet" water in Mumbai, disease outbreak feared}}{{Update|date=March 2020|reason=Follow up with the bacteriological testing}}
The '''2006 Mumbai "sweet" seawater incident''' witnessed hundreds of residents of [[Mumbai]] drinking the seawater at [[Mahim Creek]], amid claims that the foul-smelling water had suddenly turned [[Freshwater|sweet]] by a miracle and could now cure illnesses.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=19 August 2006 |title=Hundreds drink 'sweet seawater' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/5266092.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> Authorities in Mumbai warned against drinking the polluted water because of health risks. Within hours, residents of [[Gujarat]] claimed that seawater at Tithal beach had turned sweet as well. This caused a [[mass hysteria]] among people who started coming in large numbers to drink the seawater.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahim sweet-water miracle is bogus |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/opinion/the-mahim-sweet-water-miracle-is-bogus |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshmukh |first=Smita |title=It's official: Nothing miraculous about Mahim water turning sweet |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-it-s-official-nothing-miraculous-about-mahim-water-turning-sweet-1050241 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=M & C News: Maharashtra warns against Mahim's 'miracle' water : Aug 20, 2006 {{!}} Karmayog |url=https://karmayog.org/m-c-news-maharashtra-warns-against-mahims-miracle-water-aug-20-2006/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Reactions==
In the aftermath of the incidents, local authorities feared the possibility of a severe outbreak of water-borne diseases, such as [[gastroenteritis]]. The Maharashtra Pollution Control Board had warned people not to drink the water,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-08-19/mumbai/27827544_1_sea-water-beach-since-friday-night-samples|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718221711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-08-19/mumbai/27827544_1_sea-water-beach-since-friday-night-samples|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 July 2012|title=People taste "sweet" sea water in Mumbai|date=19 August 2006|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> but despite this many people had collected it in bottles, even as plastic and rubbish had drifted by on the current. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai had ordered a bacteriological report into the "sweet" water, but suspected that "contamination in the water might have been reduced due to the waters from Mithi river flowing into the mouth of Mahim Bay".<ref>{{cite news|location=Mumbai|title=Authorities fear "sweet" water could cause diseases|date=20 August 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://hinduonnet.com./holnus/484200608201421.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016201956/http://hinduonnet.com/holnus/484200608201421.htm|archivedate=16 October 2007}}</ref>

==Possible explanations==
Geologists at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]] offered the explanation that water turning sweet was a natural phenomenon. Continuous rainfall over the preceding few days had caused a large pool of fresh water to accrue in an underground rock formation near the coast, the pool then discharging into the sea as a large "plume" as fractures in the rocks widened. Because of the differences in density, the discharged fresh water floated on top of the salt water of the sea and spread along the coast. Over time, the two would mix to become normal sea water once more.<ref>{{cite news|title=IIT geologists say Mahim miracle a natural phenomenon|date=20 August 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://hinduonnet.com./holnus/008200608200340.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020112310/http://hinduonnet.com/holnus/008200608200340.htm|archivedate=20 October 2007}}</ref>

According to Valsad District Collector D Rawal, the reason for the water in [[Gujarat]] tasting less salty than usual was that because of the [[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoon]], two rivers ([[Auranga River (Gujarat)|Auranga]] and Banki) were overflowing into the sea in the region.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sweet water miracle in Gujarat too |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1772777,000900040003.htm |author=Rathin Das |location=Ahmedabad |date=19 August 2006 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307085531/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1772777%2C000900040003.htm |archivedate=7 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/5266092.stm | work=BBC News | title=Hundreds drink 'sweet seawater' | date=19 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.underwatertimes.com/news.php?article_id=84010371659|title=Indian Scientists: 'Sweet' Seawater No Miracle; Tests Show Pollution, Sewage|work=underwatertimes.com|date=22 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_mahim-seawater-turns-sweet_1048091|title=Mahim seawater turns 'sweet'!|date=19 August 2006|work=dna}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/no-miracle-water-turns-sweet-during-monsoon/11024 |title=No miracle, water turns sweet during monsoon|website=The Indian Express|date=20 August 2006}}</ref>

A similar natural phenomenon is also observed in the case of [[halocline]].

==Timeline of events==
{{More citations needed|date=July 2007}}
*18 August 8 p.m.: Devotees headed to Mahim Creek amid rumors that the seawater is less salty than usual. Many attribute the phenomenon to divine intervention, particularly because the "miracle" is taking place at the shrine of [[Makhdoom Ali Mahimi|Haji Maqdoom Baba]].
*19 August, Midnight: Thousands begin to bottle and drink the water despite desperate pleas by political leaders and health officials who stated that the water could be polluted by toxins.
*19 August 1 a.m.: Police arrive as more devotees arrive to experience the "miracle".
*19 August, 10:30 a.m.: The tide turns and people admit that the water is "less sweet".
*19 August 2 p.m.: The phenomenon ends as people acknowledge that the water has turned salty again.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1048091 Mahim seawater turns ‘sweet’!]

{{Superstitions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2006 Mumbai Sweet Seawater Incident}}

[[Category:2006 in India|Mumbai "sweet" seawater incident]]
[[Category:Floods in India]]
[[Category:Mass excitability in South Asian culture]]
[[Category:Water and Hinduism]]
[[Category:Water pollution in India]]
[[Category:2000s in Mumbai]]

Dheera (film)

2026-03-29T17:39:36Z

Umaiordarame: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Dheera]]

Daya Ram Sahni

2026-03-26T14:23:28Z

Umaiordarame: Made New Article

{{Short description|Indian archaeologist (1879–1939)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = [[Rai Bahadur]] Daya Ram Sahni [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1879|12|16}}
| image = Daya_Ram_Sahni.jpg
| birth_place = [[Bhera]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Punjab Province, Pakistan]])
| spouse =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1939|03|07|1879|12|16}}
| death_place = [[Rohtak]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Haryana]], [[India]])
| known_for = Excavations in [[Harappa]]
| fields = [[Sanskrit]], [[archaeology]]
}}
[[Rai Bahadur]] '''Daya Ram Sahni''' [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] (16 December 1879 – 7 March 1939) was an Indian archaeologist who supervised the excavation of the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus valley site]] at [[Harappa]] in 1920 to 1921. The first report on Harappan excavations came out on 29 March 1921, published by John Marshall, which is why various historians have chosen 1921 AD as the period of Harappan excavation. A protege of [[John Marshall (archaeologist)|John Marshall]], in 1931 Sahni became the first Indian to be appointed Director-General of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), a position which he served in till 1935.

== Early life ==

Daya Ram Sahni hailed from the city of [[Bhera]] in [[Shahpur District|Shahpur district]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] where he was born on 16 December 1879. Sahni graduated in [[Sanskrit]] from the [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]] with a gold medal. He also topped the M. A. examination from the [[Oriental College, Lahore|Oriental College]] in 1903. As a result of these accomplishments, Sahni won the Sanskrit scholarship sponsored by the Archaeological Survey of India and was recruited by the survey after the completion of his education.

== Career ==

In 1903, Sahni was posted to the Punjab and [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] circle where he worked under [[J. Ph. Vogel]]. Sahni was involved in the excavation of Kasia (in [[Kushinagar]]) in 1905 and [[Rajgir]] in [[Bihar]] under John Marshall during January – February 1906. In September 1907, Sahni assisted Marshall in the excavation of a ''[[stupa]]'' at [[Rampurva]] in [[Champaran District|Champaran district]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asher |first=Frederick M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecbPDwAAQBAJ&dq=daya+ram+sahni&pg=PA35 |title=Sarnath: A Critical History of the Place Where Buddhism Began |date=2020-02-11 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-1-60606-638-6 |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref> He also prepared a catalogue of the archaeological ruins at [[Sarnath]], which he had excavated between 1917 and 1922.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dodson |first=Michael S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWwNEAAAQBAJ&dq=daya+ram+sahni&pg=PT77 |title=Banaras: Urban Forms and Cultural Histories |date=2021-01-31 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-36564-1 |language=en}}</ref>

In the spring season of 1907 till 1909, along with Marshall, he excavated the sites of Saheth-Maheth, which were thus confirmed to be site for the ancient city of [[Shravasti]]. He later excavated the sites as the Director General during 1927–1932.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-20 |title=ASI launches excavation to ascertain Sarnath's actual age |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/asi-launches-excavation-to-ascertain-sarnaths-actual-age/articleshow/30713151.cms |access-date=2023-12-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 1910, he excavated the medieval site of [[Mandore]], the capital of the [[Pratiharas of Mandavyapura|Pratiharas]], in what is now the state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Purnima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCxoS4dBto4C&q=daya+ram+sahni+mandore |title=Remembering Stalwarts: Biographical Sketches of Scholars from Archaeological Survey of India |last2=Patil |first2=C. B. |date=2014 |publisher=Director General, Archaeological Survey of India |language=en}}</ref> He was asked by Marshall to guide [[D.R. Bhandarkar]] throughout the excavation process, even though Bhandarkar was senior to him.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lahiri |first=Nayanjot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w68lobWerY8C&q=daya+ram+sahni |title=Finding Forgotten Cities: How the Indus Civilization was discovered |date=2012-08-07 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5009-419-8 |language=en}}</ref>

Sahni worked as the [[curator]] of the [[Lucknow Museum]] from 1911 to 1912, when he was transferred to the archaeology department of [[Kashmir and Jammu (princely state)|Kashmir state]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cumming |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThGYjlqVe3kC&dq=daya+ram+sahni+kashmir&pg=PA279 |title=Revealing India's Past: A Record Of Archaeological Conservation And Exploration In India And Beyond |date=2005 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-307-0087-8 |pages=279 |language=en}}</ref> When he was in Kashmir, he excavated the Buddhist sites of [[Parihaspore]], Puranadishthana (present-day [[Pandrethan]]), and Hushkapura (present-day [[Ushkur]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akhter |first=Dr Urmeena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bPvDwAAQBAJ&dq=daya+ram+sahni+kashmir&pg=PA44 |title=Monuments of Kashmir |date=2020-06-24 |publisher=Book Bazooka Publication |isbn=978-93-86895-91-2 |pages=44–45 |language=en}}</ref> From 1913 to 1915, he excavated the [[Vishnu]]-[[Shiva]] temples at [[Avantipur]] built by the King [[Avantivarman of Kashmir|Avantivarman]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siudmak |first=John |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVft0FqSxc0C&dq=daya+ram+sahni+kashmir&pg=PA429 |title=The Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Ancient Kashmir and Its Influences |date=2013-04-15 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-24832-8 |language=en |chapter=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Agrawal |first=Ramesh Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SC5uAAAAMAAJ&q=daya+ram+sahni |title=Kashmir and Its Monumental Glory |date=1998 |publisher=Aryan Books International |isbn=978-81-7305-107-4 |pages=149 |language=en}}</ref>

Sahni returned to Lahore in 1917 and was made incharge of the United Provinces and Punjab. While working as an Assistant Superintendent, Sahni excavated the Indus Valley site at Harappa, the first of the Indus Valley sites to be excavated.

In the 1920 ASI Reports, Daya Ram Sahni describes his explorations starting from 1917 as he had since conducted preliminary investigations at the ancient site near Harappa in [[Montgomery District]]. He excavated Harappa again in 1923–1925, then again in 1930–31 with the assistance of [[Ernest J. H. Mackay]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jansen |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8e0UAAAAIAAJ&dq=daya+ram+sahni&pg=PR11 |title=Mohenjo Daro |date=1985 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=978-90-04-07783-6 |pages=XI |language=en}}</ref>

In 1920, he had also been involved in the exploration and restoration of the ruined temples at [[Amb Temples|Amb]] and [[Kafir Kot]], while simultaneously recording & translating inscriptions by pre-Islamic kings in the region corresponding to [[Gandhara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Meister |first=Michael W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1N95DwAAQBAJ&dq=daya+ram+sahni&pg=PA31 |title=Temples of the Indus: Studies in the Hindu Architecture of Ancient Pakistan |date=2010-07-26 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-19011-5 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1925, Sahni was transferred to [[Delhi]] as Deputy Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India and in July 1931, he succeeded [[Harold Hargreaves]] as the Director-General of the ASI. Sahni was the first native Indian to be appointed to the post.

In the ASI Annual Report for the season 1923–24, Sahni examined the findings from the temple complex at [[Lakhamandal]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hāṇḍā |first=Omacanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_KmaKomlI-UC&dq=daya+ram+sahni&pg=PA306 |title=Temple Architecture of the Western Himalaya: Wooden Temples |date=2001 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-115-3 |pages=306 |language=en}}</ref> During the 1928–1929 season, he edited and published the seven [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] inscriptions found at [[Mathura]], mostly attributed to [[Kanishka]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Obbink |first=Hendrik Willem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0t8UAAAAIAAJ&dq=daya+ram+sahni&pg=PA393 |title=Orientalia Rheno-traiectina |date=1949 |publisher=Brill Archive |pages=302–303 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vogel |first=Jean Ph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GckUAAAAIAAJ&dq=daya+ram+sahni&pg=PA303 |title=India antiqua |date=1947 |publisher=Brill Archive |pages=303 |language=en}}</ref>

==Retirement==
After his retirement in 1935, he was appointed by [[Jaipur State]] as the Director of its newly established Department of Archaeology. He went on to publish a book on his excavations at the ancient site of [[Viratnagar]], the capital of the Jaipur region in classical times.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blakiston |first=J. F. |date=April 1939 |title=Archæological Remains and Excavations at Bairat. By Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni. 9¾ × 7. pp. 40, pls. 11. Jaipur State: Dept. of Archæology and Historical Research, 1937. 8 annas. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/archaeological-remains-and-excavations-at-bairat-by-rai-bahadur-daya-ram-sahni-9-7-pp-40-pls-11-jaipur-state-dept-of-archaeology-and-historical-research-1937-8-annas/5D11C7940B433862A21FCDF228BA02F0 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |language=en |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=305–306 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00088936 |issn=2051-2066|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He also excavated [[Naliasar]] and [[Sambhar Lake Town|Sambhar]] during the 1936–1938 season,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Chandramani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-jVAAAAMAAJ&q=daya+ram+sahni+sambhar |title=Protected Monuments of Rajasthan |date=2002 |publisher=Jawahar Kala Kendra |isbn=978-81-86782-60-6 |pages=XI, 194 |language=en}}</ref> where he found, among other things, coins from the Moroli Hoard which belonged to the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] period.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYoMAQAAMAAJ&q=daya+ram+sahni+sambhar |title=The Researcher |date=1997 |publisher=Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Rajasthan. |pages=1 |language=en}}</ref>

He also found prehistoric [[chert]] artefacts near the Viratnagar site, which influenced many archaeologists in newly independent India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Śrivastava |first=Vijai Shankar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nKJiBUFrmfoC&dq=daya+ram+sahni+mandore&pg=PA27 |title=Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume |date=1981 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-0-391-02358-1 |pages=27–28 |language=en}}</ref> He also conducted excavations in the districts of [[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]] and [[Saran district|Saran]], unfortunately not much is known about these excavations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZodEAQAAMAAJ&q=daya+ram+sahni+mandore |title=Rivista degli studi orientali |date=1910 |publisher=Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali |language=it}}</ref>

== Honours ==

Sahni was awarded a "[[Rao Bahadur|Rai Bahadur]]" medal in March 1920 by the [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Governor of Punjab]] at a [[Durbar (court)|durbar]] in [[Rawalpindi]]. Soon after his retirement from the ASI in 1935, Sahni was made a [[Order of the Indian Empire|Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]]. The [[Banaras Hindu University]] instituted the Dayaram Sahni Gold Medal in his memory.

==Death==
He died at 7 March, 1939 (at age of 59 years) at [[Rohtak]], [[Haryana]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite Q|1=Q89187986|url=}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=Director General of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]|before=[[Harold Hargreaves]]|after=[[J. F. Blakiston]]|years=1931-1935}}
{{s-end}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian archaeologists]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Directors general of the Archaeological Survey of India]]
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Archaeologists of the Indus Valley civilisation]]
[[Category:Indian institute directors]]
[[Category:Archaeologists from British India]]
[[Category:Harappa]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Demographics of Tiruchirappalli

2026-03-23T17:01:06Z

Umaiordarame: Made New Page

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
[[Tiruchirappalli]] is a city in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the fourth most populous city and is the densest regional urban area in the state. According to the 2001 census, Tiruchirappalli had a population of 752,066 with in the city limits and an extended urban agglomeration population of 866,354.<ref name="census2001">{{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract Data of Tamil Nadu |url=http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=12 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217153857/http://census2001.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx |archivedate=17 February 2011}}</ref> According to the 2011 census, Tiruchirappalli had a population of 847,387 within the city limits The city's [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 1025 is among the best for any city in India which has a population of one million or more.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

The most widely spoken language is [[Tamil language|Tamil]] followed by [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] and [[Kannada language|Kannada]].

== History of enumeration ==
{{Historical populations
| align=center
|1871 | 76530
|1881 | 84449
|1891 | 90609
|1901 | 104721
|1911 | 123512
|1921 | 120422
|1931 | 142843
|1941 | 159566
|1951 | 218921
|1961 | 249862
|1971 | 307400
|1981 | 362045
|1991 | 387223
|2001 | 752066
|2011 | 847387
|footnote = Sources:
* 1871 – 1901:{{Sfn|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908|p=43}}
* 1891 – 1941:{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}}
* 1941 – 1961:{{Sfn|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|1966|p=226}}
* 1961–1991:{{Sfn|Rajendran|Arumugam|Chandrasekaran|2002|p=3}}
* 1991–2001:{{Sfn|Malayala Manorama|2007|p=707}}
* 2011:<ref name="metro_2011provisionaltotals">{{cite web|title=Table 2: Cities having population 1 lakh and above|work=Provisional Population Totals|publisher=Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref>{{Ref|b| '''b'''}}
}}
According to the 1871 Indian census, the first in [[British India]], Tiruchirappalli had a population of 76,530 making it the second largest city in [[Madras Presidency]], next only to the capital city of [[Madras]].{{Sfn|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908|p=43}} The population grew further by 10.3% and 7.3% over the next two decades respectively,{{Sfn|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908|p=43}}{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}} thus reaching 0.1 million in 1901.{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}} Tiruchirappalli along with Madras and [[Madurai]] were the three cities with a population of 0.1 million or more at the time.{{Sfn|Francis|1989|p=26}}{{Sfn|Hunter|1908|p=257}} The city experienced a negative growth rate during the decade 1911–21.{{Sfn|Census of India|1941}} After that it grew steadily and attained a growth rate of 37.2% during 1941–51.{{Sfn|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|1966|p=226}} During the 1970s, it fell behind other cities such as Madurai and Coimbatore. As of 2011, it is the fourth largest city in Tamil Nadu after Chennai, Coimbatore and Madurai. The concept of [[urban agglomeration]] (UA) was introduced in the 1991 census. The UA had a population of 711,862.{{Sfn|Johnson|2001|p=257}} After the city was made a Municipal corporation in 1994 by annexing [[Srirangam]] and [[Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli|Golden Rock]] municipalities,{{Sfn|Palanithurai|2007|p=80}} its population almost doubled in 2001.

== Religions ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Tiruchirappalli city (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Tamil Nadu|Hinduism]]|darkorange|74.07}}
{{bar percent|[[Tamil Muslim|Islam]]|green|14.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Tamil Nadu|Christianity]]|purple|10.89}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.32}}
}}

The majority of the population, nearly three-quarters of Tiruchirappalli, follow [[Hinduism]]. There is a considerable population that follow [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]].{{Sfn|Census of India|1971|p=88}}<ref name="thehindu_20081210">{{cite news|title=Bakrid celebrated in Trichy with gaiety|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/10/stories/2008121059380300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214152149/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/10/stories/2008121059380300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2008|location=India|date=10 December 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 11 May 2011}}</ref> [[Sikhs]] and [[Jainism|Jains]] also form a small amount of the total population.<ref name="thehindu_20101229">{{cite news|title=Lt. Governor felicitated|location=India|date=29 December 2010|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/29/stories/2010122964040300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103033615/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/29/stories/2010122964040300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 11 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="thehindu_20110407">{{cite news|title=Jain Sangh celebrates Mahaveer Jayanthi|location=India|date=17 April 2011|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/17/stories/2011041750960200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423023500/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/17/stories/2011041750960200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 April 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 11 May 2011}}</ref>

Tiruchirappalli, being on the Kaveri, is a site particularly sacred to Hindus. On the island of [[Srirangam]], one of the three islands in the middle of the Kaveri, is the Ranganathaswamy Temple, one of the largest in the world. For Sri Vaishnavites, this temple forms one of three places where particularly important Ranganathaswamy Temples are found: [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna|Adi Ranga]] in [[Srirangapatna]], [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Shivanasamudra|Madhya Ranga]] at [[Shivanasamudra Falls|Shivanasamudra]] and Antya Ranga in Srirangam. All three are islands in the Kaveri River, but Srirangam is the only one in Tamil Nadu.

Islam has a long history in the city. According to legend, a Sufi saint named [[Nathar Shah]] came to the city from Anatolia, and his urs is still celebrated by people of all religions. Tiruchirappalli was briefly ruled by the [[Carnatic Sultanate|Nawabs of Arcot]], and they built several mosques in the city.

[[Roman Catholics]] in Tiruchirappalli are affiliated to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli]]<ref name="cbci">{{cite web|title=Tiruchirapalli Diocese – History |publisher=Catholic Bishops Conference of India |url=http://www.cbcisite.com/Tiruchirapalli.htm |date=12 May 2011 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504025727/http://www.cbcisite.com/Tiruchirapalli.htm |archivedate=2012-05-04 }}</ref> while [[Protestants]] are affiliated to the [[Trichy-Tanjore Diocese|Trichy–Tanjore Diocese]] of the [[Church of South India]].<ref name="anglicancommunion">{{cite web|title=Provincial Directory: Trichy-Tanjore|url=http://www.anglicancommunion.org/tour/diocese.cfm?Idind=505|publisher=Anglican Consultative Council|accessdate=11 May 2011}}</ref> [[Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Tiruchirappalli|Our Lady of Lourdes church]] is a large Catholic church in the city that is over a century old. As a separate division of the [[Southern Railway Zone (India)|Southern Railway]] is headquartered at Tiruchirappalli city, there is a considerably strong [[Anglo-Indian]] population in the city.{{Sfn|Deefholts||Acharya|2006|p=205}} Christianity in this region of Tamil Nadu has a history of over 3 centuries, with the first Catholic mission being sent in the mid 17th century with the patronage of the [[Madurai Nayak dynasty|Madurai Nayakas]] who then ruled the city.

== Languages ==

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Tiruchirappalli (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10222/download/13334/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value1 = 91.70 |color1 = royalblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 2.97 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value3 = 2.84 |color3 = steelblue
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.49 |color4 = gray
|thumb=right
}}

[[Tamil language|Tamil]], the official language of the state is the most commonly used language,{{Sfn|Sen|1991|p=606}} followed by [[Urdu]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]],{{Sfn|Ramappa|Singh|1984|p=116}} [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]]<ref name="unwritten">{{cite news |last=Ramesh |first=T. A. |date=15 January 2006 |title=The Unwritten History of the Saurashtrians of South India |publisher=boloji.com |url=http://www.boloji.com/history/039.htm |access-date=18 August 2013 |archive-date=14 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114184221/http://boloji.com/history/039.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Kannada language|Kannada]]{{Sfn|Muthanna|1962|p= iii}} Unlike other regions of Tamil Nadu, the people of Tiruchirappalli follow the standard dialect of Tamil, the [[Central Tamil dialect]].{{Sfn|Agesthialingom|Gowda|1976|p=264}}<ref name="langvariations">{{cite web |title=Language Variation in Tamil |url=http://www.lisindia.net/Tamil/Tamil_vari.html |accessdate=12 May 2011 |publisher=Language Information Service |archive-date=23 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723185203/http://www.lisindia.net/Tamil/Tamil_vari.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] is the mother tongue of the [[Saurashtra people|Saurashtrians]] who migrated from southern [[Gujarat]] to [[South India]] in 14th century AD.{{Sfn|Thurston|1913|p=123}} There is also a substantial population of [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamil migrants]], most of whom are housed in refugee camps on the outskirts of the city.<ref name="thehindu_20091103">{{cite news |date=3 November 2009 |title=Sri Lankan Tamil refugees wish for Indian citizenship |work=The Hindu |location=India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article42734.ece |accessdate=11 May 2011}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite book|title=[[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]|volume=24|year=1908|publisher=Clarendon Press|editor=R. Burn |editor2=J. S. Cotton|ref={{harvid|Imperial Gazetteer of India|1908}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Manorama Yearbook 2007|publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]]|year=2007|ref={{harvid|Malayala Manorama|2007}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1941: Vol 2|author=Census Commissioner|publisher=Government of India|year=1941|ref={{harvid|Census of India|1941}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1971: Tamil Nadu|first=K.|last=Chockalingam|publisher=Government of India|year=1979|ref={{harvid|Census of India|1971}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Report|volume=3|author=Rural Urban Relationship Committee, India|publisher=Govt.of India, Ministry of Health & Family Planning|year=1966|ref={{harvid|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|1966}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Potential Use of High Resolution IRS 1-C Satellite Data and Deletion of Urban Growth in and around of Tiruchirapalli city|url=http://www.fig.net/pub/fig_2002/ts3-11/ts3_11_rajendran_etal.pdf|first1=S.|last1=Rajendran|first2=M.|last2=Arumugam|first3=V. A.|last3=Chandrasekaran|publisher=Federation Internationale des Geometres|year=2002|accessdate=12 May 2011}}
*{{cite book|title=Tourism in India|first=Ajoy Kumar|last=Sen|publisher=Modern Book Agency|year=1991}}
*{{cite book|title=A handbook for panchayati raj administration (Tamil Nadu)|first=Ganapathy|last=Palanithurai|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=2007|isbn=978-81-8069-340-3 |id={{ISBN|978-81-8069-340-3}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Francis|first=W.|title=Gazetteer of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RG2x2xDQ5UC|accessdate=18 August 2013|year=1989|publisher=Mittal Publications|id=GGKEY:4Y158YFPNGZ}}
*{{cite book|title=Directory of Telugu associations outside Andhra Pradesh|first1=M.|last1=Ramappa|first2=Sudershan|last2=Singh|publisher=International Telugu Institute|year=1984}}
*{{cite book|title=History of Karnataka: History, Administration & Culture|first=I. M.|last=Muthanna|year=1962|publisher=Usha Press}}
*{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Sir William Wilson|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZDAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=18 August 2013|year=1908|publisher=Clarendon Press}}
*{{cite book|title=Provincial Geographies of India Vol 4: The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and Associated States|url=https://archive.org/details/provincialgeogra04holluoft|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|authorlink=Edgar Thurston|publisher=Cambridge University|year=1913|page=[https://archive.org/details/provincialgeogra04holluoft/page/123 123]}}
*{{cite book|title=Dravidian case system|volume=1|publisher=Annamalai University|year=1976|first1=S.|last1=Agesthialingom|first2=K. Kushalappa|last2=Gowda}}
*{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Basil Leonard Clyde|title=Geographical dictionary of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPltAAAAMAAJ|date=1 June 2001|publisher=Vision Books|isbn=978-81-7094-428-7}}
*{{cite book|title=The way we were: Anglo-Indian chronicles|first1=Glenn|last1=Deefholts|first2=Quentine|last2=Acharya|publisher=Calcutta Tiljallah Relief Inc|year=2006|isbn=0975463934 |id={{ISBN|978-0-9754639-3-2}}}}
{{refend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Demographics by city in India|T]]
[[Category:Tiruchirappalli]]

Seoni district

2026-03-21T10:09:27Z

Umaiordarame: quick cleaned up layout for consistency and fixed typos for clarity

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Seoni district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo2a = Tiriya gate seoni pench Tiger reserve.png
|photo1a = Mesmerizing Forest!.jpg
| spacing = 6
| position =
| color_border = Black
| color = white
| size = 240
| foot_montage =}}
| image_caption = [[Pench National Park]]
| image_map = MP Seoni district map.svg
| map_caption = Location of Seoni district in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Seoni (Madhya Pradesh)
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jabalpur division|Jabalpur]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Seoni, Madhya Pradesh|Seoni]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 8,758
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,379,131
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 91.16 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 984
| leader_title = [[District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = Smt. Sheetla Patle IAS
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of police (India)|District Police Chief]]
| leader_name1 = Shri Sunil Kumar Mehta, IPS
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1384 mm
| website = {{URL|https://seoni.nic.in}}, {{URL|https://seoni.mppolice.gov.in}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Seoni district''' is an administrative [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|district]] in the southeastern part of the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. The district headquarters is located in the city of [[Seoni, Madhya Pradesh]]. The district is known for its rich biodiversity, its location in the Satpura hill ranges, and for its connection to Rudyard Kipling’s ''[[The Jungle Book]]''.Seoni District is in southeastern Madhya Pradesh, India.

==History==
The district was created as a separate District in the newly created Chief Commissioner's Province in 1861, but was merged with the adjoining [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwada District]] in 1931. The District was, however, revived on the day the new state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] was created viz 1 November 1956. The name of the district originated from the word 'Seona' (''Gudina arborea''), a species of tree commonly found in the area.<ref name="admin" />

An early copper inscription found in Seoni is a land grant from [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] king [[Pravarasena II]] in the 3rd century CE. Although the region where the land grant was given is not indicated, more copper plates found in Nagpur, Chhindwara and the Ajanta Caves also indicate the region would have been under Vakataka rule. Later it was speculated the Satpura range was briefly part of the Gaur kingdom of [[Rajput|Kshatriya (Rajputs)]]. Afterwards the region most likely passed to the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuris]] with capital at [[Tewar, Madhya Pradesh|Tewar]] in Jabalpur district, who ruled from the 9th to 12th centuries. The Chandels of Mahoba then most likely ousted the Kalachuris, evidence being oral histories that cite Chandel generals as having captured the Seoni region to take a Kalachuri princess.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Central Provinces District Gazetteers: Seoni District|url=http://www.indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/central-provinces-district-gazetteers-seoni-district|access-date=2021-07-21|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en}}</ref>

The first recorded historical records begin with the Gond [[Garha Kingdom|Garha-Mandla kingdom]]. The forts of [[Ghansor]], Chauri and Dongartal and the territory around them, which make up the majority of modern-day Seoni district, were included in the territory of [[Sangram Shah|Sangaram Shah]] in 1530. The Gonds fought against the Mughals and retained their independence, but paid tribute to the Mughals regardless.<ref name=":0" />

In the late 17th century, the Raja of Mandla Narendra Shah asked fellow Gond king [[Bakht Buland Shah]] of Deogarh to help suppress a rebellion of two Afghan captains, Azim Khan and Lunde Khan. At Pratappur near Seoni, the two kings defeated the adventurers and Narendra Shah ceded the territory now part of Seoni district to Bakht Buland Shah. Bakht Buland Shah gave the Dongartal region to Raj Khan, an Afghan adventurer, as governor. He also put his relative Raja Ram Singh in charge of Seoni region, who built a fort at [[Chhapara]]. Raj Khan took part of modern [[Bhandara district]], presumably at the instigation of Bakht Buland Shah. In 1743, [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghoji Bhosle]] of [[Nagpur kingdom|Nagpur]] took over Deogarh kingdom, including Seoni district. Raj Khan died the same year, but his son Muhammad Khan continued to hold Seoni in the name of the Raja of Deogarh for three years. Raghoji offered Muhammad Khan the entirety of Seoni to govern if he relinquished the part of Bhandara he conquered, which he accepted. Muhammad Khan moved to Chhapara and administered the region as a diwan until his death in 1759. During one of his absences in Nagpur, the Raja of Mandla took over Chhapara but Khan quickly drove him out and established the [[Wainganga River|Wainganga]] and Thanwar as borders of the two kingdoms. During the Bhosale period Seoni came under Nagpur kingdom and many Jagirdari was given to [[Powar]]s who mostly settled in Barghat, Seoni and Keolari regin of district. In 1774 his grandson Muhammad Amin Khan moved his headquarters to Seoni. Chhapara was twice sacked by the Pindaris and greatly reduced in size. Gonds also regularly attacked the district, and due to his inability to control them Amin's son Muhammad Zamin was recalled as Diwan and replaced by Bengaji Bhatoni. Although he tried to regain his hereditary land in Dongartal, Zamin died and his widow received a village near Seoni Modern Bori Kalan. A Kharak Bharti Gosain was then given the government of the region by Raghoji but proved to be so oppressive the revenue fell and many areas were depopulated. In 1818, after the [[Sitabuldi Fort|Battle of Sitabuldi]] in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Seoni was given to British control. At first the district was administered by officers reporting to Jabalpur, then to the British resident at Nagpur. The British raised a police force to counter Gond attacks and made landlords responsible for security of the roads.<ref name=":0" />

During the 1857 rebellion, a Lodhi landlord in the north of the district rebelled. However most of the landlords, including the erstwhile Diwan family of Khans, supported the British.<ref name=":0" />

==Geography==
Seoni is in southeastern Madhya Pradesh in the [[Mahakoshal]] region and is bordered by [[Jabalpur district]] on the north, [[Narsinghpur district|Narsinghpur]] and [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]] districts to the west, [[Nagpur district]] of Maharashtra to the south and [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]] and [[Mandla district|Mandla]] districts to the east. Seoni district forms part of the [[Satpura]] tableland. It is largely covered with [[forest]]. The district is remarkable for the beauty of its scenery and the fertility of its valleys.<ref name=brit>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Seoni |volume=24 |page=651 |inline=1}}</ref>

The northern and western portions include the [[plateau]]s of Lakhnadon and Seoni; the eastern section consists of the [[drainage basin|watershed]] and elevated basin of the [[Wainganga]]; and in the south-west is a narrow strip of rocky land known as Dongartal. The plateaus of [[Seoni]] and [[Lakhnadon]] vary in height from 1,800 to 2,000 ft.; they are well cultivated and clear of [[jungle]], and their [[temperature]] is always moderate and healthy.<ref name=brit/>

[[Geological]]ly the north part of Seoni consists of trap hills and the south of crystalline rock. The soil of the plateaus is the rich black cotton soil formed by disintegrated trap, of which about two-thirds of the district are said to consist; but towards the south, where [[cliff]]s of [[gneiss]] and other primitive formations occur, the soil is [[siliceous]] and contains a large proportion of [[clay]].<ref name=brit/>

The chief [[river]] is the [[Wainganga]], with its affluents the Sagar, Theli, Bijna and Thanwar; other streams are the Timar and the Sher, tributaries of the [[Narmada River|Narmada]]. The annual [[rainfall]] averages 53 in. The main crops grown in Seoni are rice, wheat, maize, chickpea (gram), and soybean.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Directorate of Economics And Statistics, Ministry Of Agriculture, Government Of India|url=https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/Default.htm|access-date=2021-05-21|website=eands.dacnet.nic.in}}</ref>

It extends over an area of 8,758 km2.<ref name=admin>{{cite web|url =http://seoni.nic.in|title=Seoni, Madhya Pradesh|publisher=District administration|access-date=2010-08-19}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Seoni district is divided into eight tehsils:
*[[Barghat]]
*[[Chhapara]]
*[[Dhanora, Seoni|Dhanora]]
*[[Ghansor]]
*[[Keolari]]
*[[Kurai, Seoni|Kurai]]
*[[Lakhnadon]]
*[[Seoni Rural]]
*[[Seoni, Madhya Pradesh|Seoni Nagar]]
* [[Kanhiwara]] (Sub Tehsil)
There are a total of 1579 villages in the district under 645 Gram Panchayats. There are also six revenue divisions: [[Seoni]], [[Lakhnadon]], [[Ghansor]], [[Keolari]], [[Barghat]], [[Kurai, Seoni|Kurai]].

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Seoni one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Railway connectivity to Seoni has enhanced the agricultural import-export business from Seoni. The [[Seoni railway station]] and its goods yard serves as an important hub for agricultural exports.<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=September 8, 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=September 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> There are some rice and sugar mills in Seoni District. The district is also known for the Stone Crusher mill, which serves as a major source of income.

[[Jhabua Thermal Power Project]] is a coal based thermal power project operated by NTPC. Its planned capacity is 1260 MW (1x600, 1x660 MW).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jhabua_Power_Seoni_power_station|title=Jhabua Power Seoni power station - SourceWatch|website=www.sourcewatch.org}}</ref>

Bhurkalkhapa Industrial Area, This industrial area is located near Seoni, where many small industrial units are operating. It is multi-product industrial area with total land of 676.9 hectares.<ref>https://www.industryexperts.co.in/industrial-area-profile/industrial-area-bhurkalkhapa/madhya-pradesh</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,28,281|13=1911|14=3,96,165|15=1921|16=3,48,871|17=1931|18=3,93,732|19=1941|20=4,23,333|21=1951|22=4,34,061|23=1961|24=5,23,741|25=1971|26=6,68,352|27=1981|28=8,09,713|29=1991|30=10,00,831|31=2001|32=11,66,608|33=2011|34=13,79,131|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43356/download/47048/23%20A-2%20Madhya%20Pradesh.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Seoni District has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,379,131,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Seoni |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/750/download/2636/DH_2011_2339_PART_A_DCHB_SEONI.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Eswatini]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence|title=Country Comparison:Population|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 13, 2007|access-date=2011-10-01|quote=Swaziland 1,370,424}}</ref> or the US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30|quote=Hawaii 1,360,301}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 355th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|157|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.2%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Seoni has a [[sex ratio]] of 984 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 73.01%. 11.88% of the population lives in urban areas.

The major hindu castes include [[Yadav|Ahir]], [[Powar]], [[Brahmin]], [[Rajput]], [[Lodhi (caste)|Lodhi]], [[Kunbi]], [[Teli]] etc.

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 9.48% and 37.69% of the population respectively. [[Gondi people|Gonds]] make up nearly 90% of the ST population and constitute 33.71% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Seoni district (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|83.03}}
{{bar percent|Other (tribal religion)|chartreuse|9.81}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|5.78}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|mediumblue|0.53}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.85}}
}}
Hindus make up 83.03% of the population, Muslims are 5.78%. Other religions (mainly various names for traditional Adivasi religion like Koya Punem) make up 9.81% of the population. Other significant populations are 7,300 Buddhists and 4,900 Jains.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Seoni district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 86.76 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Gondi language|Gondi]] |value2 = 6.91 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Powari language|Powari]] |value3 = 1.83 |color3 = lightsalmon
|label4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value4 = 1.77 |color4 = red
|label5 = [[Urdu]] |value5 = 1.36 |color5 = green
|label6 = Others |value6 = 1.37 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 86.76% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 6.91% [[Gondi language|Gondi]], 1.83% [[Powari language|Powari]], 1.77% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and 1.36% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10211/download/13323/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Seoni district had a total population of 1,165,893, out of whom 588,135 were males and 577,758 were females. During the decade 1991-2001 population growth rate was 16.49 per cent. The Sex ratio was 982. The density of population was 133 / km2.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page163.html | title = Population, decadal growth rate, sex ratio and density – States/Union territories and Districts : 2001 | work = Table 1 |publisher = Education for all in India, Source:Registrar General of India, Government of India, New Delhi |access-date = 2010-08-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url =http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_madhya_pradesh.pdf |title = Madhya Pradesh: DATA HIGHLIGHTS: THE SCHEDULED TRIBES, Census of India 2001 |publisher = Govt. of Madhya Pradesh |access-date = 2010-08-20 }}</ref>

==Culture==
[[Rudyard Kipling]]'s [[The Jungle Book|''Jungle Book'']] is set in the Seoni district (spelled Seeonee in the books).

==Tourist places==
<ref>https://vocal.media/journal/best-tourist-places-of-seoni-mp</ref>
[[File:Spotted Deer in Pench National Park India.jpg|thumb|[[Pench National Park]]]]
* [[Dhanora, Seoni|Richhariya Baba Dhanora]]
* [[Pench Tiger Reserve]]
* [[Wainganga River|Mundara (Wainganga Origin)]]
* [[Bheemgarh Dam]]
* [[Shri Kala Bhairava Nath Swami Temple|Shri Kala Bhairava Nath Swami Temple, Adegaon]]

=== Pench Tiger Reserve ===
The River Bainganga's source is located beneath the village Mundara, where it includes for example the [[Pench Tiger Reserve]] within 10 km. The [[Pench Tiger Reserve]] is named after the [[Pench River]], which flows from north to south through the reserve, and is located in the southern reaches of the [[Satpura]] hill ranges in the [[Seoni]] and [[Chhindwara]] districts. The terrain is undulating, with most of the area covered by small hill ranges, steeply sloping on the sides. The [[Pench National Park]] is named after the Pench River, which flows from north to south through the park. This river constitutes the district boundary of Seoni and Chhindwara districts of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in the upper region and State boundary with Maharashtra State in the lower region. This area became the 19th tiger reserve of India in 1992. The tourist traffic is experiencing fast growth in this park. The [[Pench National Park]] which constitutes the core of the tiger reserves was notified in the year 1983. The total area of the park is 292.85 km2. The total area of the [[Pench Tiger Reserve]] is {{convert|757.85|sqkm|sp=us|abbr=on}}. The reserve is situated in an area that holds a significant place in the natural history of [[Central India]]. Descriptions of its flora and fauna have appeared in wildlife books dating back to the 17th century.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Books written in the 19th and early 20th century by naturalists like Captain J. Forsyth and [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s ''[[Jungle Book]]'' cover the panorama of nature's abundance in this tract.{{original research inline|date=April 2020}} A forest belt extends in three directions: north, east and south, covering forest tracts of Seoni, [[Balaghat]] and Nagpur districts. The contiguous forest on the southern side in the Maharashtra state of India, initially named Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park has been recently included in the [[Project Tiger]] network under the same name as this reserve. A dam was constructed on the [[Pench River]] on south-eastern boundary of the reserve.

The area is criss-crossed by numerous seasonal streams and "nalas". The [[Pench River]] flowing through the central line of the reserve is dry by the end of April but a number of water pools locally known locally as "dohs" are found, which serve as waterholes for wild animals. A few perennial springs also exist in this area. However, the water sources are not suitably distributed, hence large area remains unused by the wild animals. The Pench reservoir at the center of the reserve is the only major water source during pinch period.

As the prey concentration is high along the [[Pench River]], tigers usually inhabit this belt. Leopards, though, generally operate in the peripheral areas but are occasionally seen in deep forests also. Jungle cats are commonly seen. Leopard cats, small Indian civet and palm civet are common but seen very rarely.

Wild dogs are commonly seen in packs of 12 to 15, near Chhedia, Jamtara, Bodanala and Pyorthadi areas of the reserve. Wild boars are ubiquitous. Sloth bears occupy the hilly, rocky outcrops and favour mahul bel-infested forest. Chinkara are present in very small numbers and are found in open areas around Turia, Telia, and Dudhgaon villages. Jackals are seen occasionally near Tekadi, Alikatta and Chhindimatta villages.

==See also==
* [[Mehta (village)]]
* [[Ghansor]]
* [[Kanhiwara]]
* [[Dhuma]]
* [[Bandol, Seoni|Bandol]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{commons category|Seoni district}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Seoni district
|North = [[Jabalpur district]]
|Northeast = [[Mandla district]]
|East = [[Balaghat district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Nagpur district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Chhindwara district]]
|Northwest = [[Narsimhapur district]]
}}

{{Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Jabalpur Division}}
{{Godavari basin}}
{{Narmada basin}}

{{coord|22|05|24|N|79|33|00|E|region:IN-MP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Seoni district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]

Sajdaa

2026-03-20T23:16:36Z

Umaiordarame: starting new article - done

{{short description|2010 song performed by Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Shankar Mahadevan, and Richa Sharma}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}

{{Infobox song
| name = Sajdaa
| cover =
| caption =
| alt =
| type = song
| artist = [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]] and [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]
| album = [[My Name is Khan]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2009|12|}}
| format =
| recorded = 2009
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length = 06:05
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| composer = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| lyricist = [[Niranjan Iyengar]]
| producer =
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|3rPEWcY6Oww|"Sajdaa"}}|type=song}}
}}

"'''Sajdaa'''" ({{Translation|Worship}}) is a song from the 2010 Hindi film ''[[My Name is Khan]]'', sung by [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], and [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]. The song received positive reception from critics and won one award at the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]], India's [[Mirchi Music Awards]] and that country's [[Zee Cine Awards]].

== Composition and music video ==
The lyrics for the song were written by [[Niranjan Iyengar]] and the music was composed by the trio [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/sajdaa-from-my-name-is-khan/XQ0kexJFVAI|title=Sajdaa (From "My Name Is Khan")|publisher=[[JioSaavn]]|date=|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> The song is picturized upon [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Kajol]], the lead cast of the film. According to ''[[Anupama Chopra|Film Companion]]'', "in [[Urdu]], the word 'sajdaa' means to bow in prayer and in that spirit, the song is an exercise in romantic devotion." The video shows Kajol (Mandira Rathod Khan) getting [[mehndi]] applied. It also shows Mandira and Shah Rukh Khan (Rizwan Khan)'s marriage, and their newly married life.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-lists/revisiting-my-name-is-khans-soundtrack-an-album-of-heartsore-shah-rukh-khan-kajol-shankar-ehsaan-loy|title=Revisiting My Name is Khan's Soundtrack: An Album of Heartsore|magazine=[[Anupama Chopra|Film Companion]]|date=12 February 2023|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>

==Reception==
The [[Indo-Asian News Service]] included the song in their listing of 10 greatest Bollywood songs of 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/93673/top-10-bollywood-songs-of-2010|title=Top 10 Bollywood songs of 2010|newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=23 December 2010|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>

The song was lauded by critics. Joginder Tuteja of [[Bollywood Hungama]] describing the song as a "chartbuster track" said "it is amazing to see Rahat Fateh Ali Khan delivering a chartbuster track practically every second month and this New Year couldn't see a better outing than 'Sajda' which maintains an Indian quality to it throughout {{sic|i|t's}} duration."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/my-name-is-khan/songs/music-critic-review/|title=My Name Is Khan Music Review|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=9 January 2010|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] also liked the song and said, "A sense of breezy passion and poetic adulation run freely in the romance and reverence of the celebratory 'Sajda'."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/my-name-is-khan-music-review/20100107.htm|title=MNIK music: Not fancy, yet very likable|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=5 January 2010|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>

"Sajdaa" won three awards. At the [[12th IIFA Awards|12th ceremony]] of India's [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Awards]], it won the [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] award for Iyengar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/iifa-awards-winners/2011/117|title=Complete list of winners of IIFA Awards 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> The song also won at the [[3rd Mirchi Music Awards|3rd ceremony]] of India's [[Mirchi Music Awards]]—Best song in Sufi Tradition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/mirchi-music-awards-2010-winners/articleshow/7378687.cms|title=Mirchi Music Awards 2010 Winners|newspaper=The Times of India|date=|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> It won an award at the [[2011 Zee Cine Awards|2011 ceremony]] of India's [[Zee Cine Awards]]—[[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Playback Singer – Female]] for [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-zee-cine-awards-2011/|title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2011|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=14 January 2011|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Rahat Fateh Ali Khan songs]]
[[Category:Shankar Mahadevan songs]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]

Aniashu

2026-03-20T14:05:10Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up Initial Data More To Come.

{{Short description|Village in Nagaland, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Aniashu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.158398|95.071610|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Noklak district|Noklak]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 568
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =[[Patsho Khiamniungan]] & Nokhu
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = NL
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Aniashu''' is a village located in Nokhu circle of [[Noklak district]] which is situated 27 km away from sub-district headquarter Nokhu (tehsildar office), 65 km Noklak and 109 km away from [[Tuensang]]. It is located at an altitude of 1137m.<ref name="nagalandtribune">{{cite web|url=https://noklak.nic.in/village-panchayats/|title=Village & Panchayats Name of Administrative Circle: Noklak - The Noklak Nagaland|date=21 January 2024|website=noklak.nic.in}}</ref><ref>Village info - Indian village directory about Aniashu {{publisher missing}}</ref><ref name="neped">{{cite web|url=https://www.nepedenergy.com/Aniashu.html/|title=Nagaland empowerment of people through energy development - The NEPeD People first|date=21 January 2024|website=www.nepedenergy.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Noklak district]]
[[Category:Villages in Tuensang district]]

Air India Flight 101

2026-03-18T16:04:10Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up Initial Details And Citations

{{Short description|1966 aviation accident in France}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name = Air India Flight 101
| occurrence_type = Accident
| image = Débris_d'avion_@_Glacier_des_Bossons_01.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Wreckage of the aircraft in 2023
| date = {{start date|df=yes|1966|01|24}}
| summary = [[Controlled flight into terrain]]
| site = [[Mont Blanc massif]], France
| coordinates = {{coord|45|52|40|N|06|52|00|E|source:plwiki_type:event|display=title,inline}}

| plane1_image = Air India Boeing 707-437 VT-DMN, Heathrow Airprort 11 July 1965.jpg
| plane1_caption = VT-DMN, the aircraft involved in the accident, seen in 1965
| aircraft_type = [[Boeing 707]]-437
| aircraft_name = ''[[Kanchenjunga]]''
| operator = [[Air India]]
| IATA = AI101
| ICAO = AIC101
| callsign = AIRINDIA 110
| tail_number = VT-DMN
| origin = [[Bombay-Santacruz Airport|Santa Cruz International Airport]], [[Bombay]], India
| stopover0 = [[Delhi International Airport]], [[New Delhi]], India
| stopover1 = [[Beirut International Airport]], [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| last_stopover = [[Geneva International Airport]], [[Geneva]], Switzerland
| destination = [[Heathrow Airport]],{{cn|date=February 2025}} [[London]], United Kingdom
| occupants = 117
| passengers = 106
| crew = 11
| fatalities = 117
| survivors = 0
}}
'''Air India Flight 101''' was a scheduled [[Air India]] passenger flight from [[Bombay]] (present-day Mumbai) to [[London]], via [[New Delhi|Delhi]], [[Beirut]], and [[Geneva]]. On the morning of 24 January 1966 at 8:02 CET, on approach to Geneva, the [[Boeing 707]]-437 operating the flight accidentally crashed into [[Mont Blanc]] in France, killing all 117 people on board. Among the victims was [[Homi Jehangir Bhabha]], the founder and chairman of the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India]].

The accident occurred just {{cvt|200|m}} from where an Air India [[Lockheed 749 Constellation]] operating as [[Air India Flight 245]] while on a charter flight had crashed in 1950.<ref name="airwhiners" />

==Accident==
Air India Flight 101 was a scheduled flight from [[Bombay]] to London; and on the day of the accident was operated by a [[Boeing 707]], [[Aircraft registration|registration]] ''VT-DMN'' and named ''Kanchenjunga''.<ref name="ASN" /> The Pilot-In-Command was an 18-year veteran, Captain Joe T. D'Souza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haine |first=Colonel Edgar A. |title=Disaster In The Air |publisher=Cornwall Books |year=2000 |isbn=0-8453-4777-2 |location=London |pages=147 |language=}}</ref> After leaving Bombay, it had made two scheduled stops, at [[Delhi]] and [[Beirut]], and was en route to another stop at [[Geneva]].<ref name="ASN" /> At flight level 190 ({{convert|19,000|ft|m|disp=semicolon}}), the crew was instructed to descend for [[Geneva International Airport]] after the aircraft had passed Mont Blanc.<ref name="ASN" /> The pilot, thinking that he had passed Mont Blanc, started to descend and flew into the [[Mont Blanc massif]] in France near the [[Rocher de la Tournette]], at an elevation of {{Convert|4750|m|0}}.<ref name="ASN" /><ref name="Flight174" /> All 106 passengers and 11 crew were killed.<ref name="Flight174" /><ref name="airwhiners">{{cite news |author=Mendis |first=Sean |date=26 July 2004 |title=Air India : The story of the aircraft |url=http://www.airwhiners.net/whine_cheez/20040726.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724221328/http://www.airwhiners.net/whine_cheez/20040726.htm |archive-date=24 July 2016 |access-date=13 June 2013 |work=Airwhiners.net}}</ref>

==Aircraft==
The Boeing 707-437 VT-DMN had first flown on 5 April 1961 and was delivered new to Air India on 25 May 1961.<ref name="Pither" /> It had flown a total of 16,188 hours.<ref name="Pither" />
It was named ''[[Kanchenjunga]]'', after the third highest mountain in the world.

== Casualties ==
Among the 106 passengers who died was Dr. [[Homi Jehangir Bhabha]], the founder and chairman of the [[Atomic Energy Commission of India]].<ref name="Flight174" />

==Investigation==
At the time, aircrew fixed the position of their aircraft as being above Mont Blanc by taking a [[Bearing (navigation)|cross-bearing]] from one [[VHF omnidirectional range]] (VOR) as they flew along a [[Course (navigation)|track]] from another VOR. However, the accident aircraft departed Beirut with one of its VOR receivers unserviceable.<ref name="ASN" /><ref name="Flight174" />

The investigation concluded:<ref name="ASN" />

{{bquote|
a) The pilot-in-command calculated his position in relation to Mont Blanc and reported his own estimate of this position to the controller; the [[radar]] controller noted a different position of the aircraft and passed a communication to the aircraft which would enable it to change its position.

b) The pilot who, under the mistaken impression that he had passed the ridge leading to the summit and was still at a flight level which afforded sufficient safety clearance over the top of Mont Blanc, continued his descent.
}}

==Recent discoveries==
[[File:Monument Malabar Princess Kanchenjunga Refuge du Nid d'Aigle English text.jpg|thumb|English text of the monument at {{ill|refuge du Nid d'Aigle|fr}} in [[Mont-Blanc Massif]]]]

Much of the wreckage of the crashed Boeing still remains at the crash site. In 2008, a climber found some Indian newspapers dated 23 January 1966.<ref name="BBCjewels">{{cite news |author=Bodenham |first=Patrick |date=14 March 2014 |title=The mystery of Mont Blanc's hidden treasure |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26436090 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813064635/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26436090 |archive-date=13 August 2020 |access-date=13 July 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> An engine from [[Air India Flight 245]], which had crashed at virtually the same spot sixteen years earlier in 1950, was also discovered.

On 21 August 2012, a {{convert|9|kg|lb|adj=on}} [[jute]] bag of diplomatic mail, stamped "On Indian Government Service, Diplomatic Mail, Ministry of External Affairs", was recovered by a mountain rescue worker and turned over to local police in Chamonix.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/9509958/Diplomatic-post-bag-from-1966-Indian-plane-crash-found-on-Mont-Blanc.html |title=Diplomatic post bag from 1966 Indian plane crash found on Mont Blanc |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=30 August 2012 |access-date=28 November 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203232542/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/9509958/Diplomatic-post-bag-from-1966-Indian-plane-crash-found-on-Mont-Blanc.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iE1zweyYEwF_sU828t3WmoSS7h6Q?docId=CNG.87a09093caa84ac6dda35a7ddd223788.bd1 |title=Indian diplomatic bag found on Mt Blanc after 46 years |date=August 29, 2012 |work=Agence-France-Presse |access-date=22 February 2019 |archive-date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226122021/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iE1zweyYEwF_sU828t3WmoSS7h6Q?docId=CNG.87a09093caa84ac6dda35a7ddd223788.bd1 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An official with the Indian Embassy in Paris took custody of the mailbag, which was found to be a "Type C" diplomatic pouch meant for newspapers, periodicals, and personal letters. Indian diplomatic pouches "Type A" (classified information) and "Type B" (official communications) are still in use today; "Type C" mailbags were made obsolete with the advent of the Internet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/indian-diplomatic-bag-found-after-46-years-460469.html |title=Indian diplomatic bag found after 46 years |date=18 September 2012 |website=Firstpost.com |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-date=28 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128200429/http://www.firstpost.com/india/indian-diplomatic-bag-found-after-46-years-460469.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The mailbag was found to contain, among other items, still-white and legible copies of ''[[The Hindu]]'' and ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' from mid-January 1966, Air India calendars, and a personal letter to the Indian consul-general in New York, C.J.K. Menon.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/279716/diplomatic-bag-reaches-delhi.html |title='Diplomatic bag' reaches New Delhi |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=19 September 2012 |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223184514/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/279716/diplomatic-bag-reaches-delhi.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The bag was flown back to New Delhi on a regular Air India flight, in the charge of C.R. Barooah, the flight purser. His father, R.C. Barooah, was the flight engineer on Air India Flight 101.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ai-purser-brings-back-diplomatic-bag-lost-in-crash-that-killed-father/1004703/0 |title=AI purser brings back diplomatic bag lost in crash that killed father |newspaper=Indian Express |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817223712/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/ai-purser-brings-back-diplomatic-bag-lost-in-crash-that-killed-father/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-15 |title=Diplomatic bag lost in air crash brought back home |url=https://assamtribune.com/diplomatic-bag-lost-in-air-crash-brought-back-home |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817223711/https://assamtribune.com/diplomatic-bag-lost-in-air-crash-brought-back-home |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:National Herald, journal retrouvé sur le glacier des Bossons.jpg|thumb|Newspaper discovered on June 4, 2020, on the Bossons Glacier. It was inside a diplomatic suitcase along with other newspapers and official mail.<ref name="Tramontana">{{Cite book |last=Tramontana |first=Allan |title=Les mystères du glacier des Bossons : crashs d'avion, guerre froide et archéologie glaciaire |year=2024 |isbn=9798300364465 |language=fr |trans-title=The Mysteries of the Bossons Glacier: Plane Crashes, the Cold War, and Glacier Archaeology}}</ref>]]
In September 2013, a French alpinist found a metal box marked with the Air India logo at the site of the plane crash on Mont Blanc containing rubies, sapphires and emeralds, valued at over €245,000, which he handed in to the police to be returned to the rightful owners.<ref name=BBCjewels/><ref>{{cite news |title=Climber finds treasure trove off Mont Blanc |agency=AFP |publisher=Yahoo News Malaysia |date=26 September 2013 |url=http://my.news.yahoo.com/climber-finds-treasure-trove-off-110608530.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928165421/http://my.news.yahoo.com/climber-finds-treasure-trove-off-110608530.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> As no rightful owners were found, however, in December 2021, the gems were divided up equally between the alpinist and the Chamonix commune: each receiving an amount of stones equivalent to €75,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/mont-blanc-jewels-climber-scli-intl/index.html |title=Climber can keep $84,000-worth of jewels he found on Mont Blanc |work=CNN |date=7 December 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209195043/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/mont-blanc-jewels-climber-scli-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of her research for her book ''Crash au Mont-Blanc'', which tells the story of the two Air India crashes on the mountain, Françoise Rey found a record of a box of emeralds sent to a man named Issacharov in London, described by [[Lloyd's]].<ref name=BBCjewels/> On 11 October 2023, the part belonging to the alpinist was sold at an auction in [[Chambéry]] for €25,000.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 October 2023 |title=Un trésor, découvert sur un glacier du massif du Mont-Blanc, vendu aux enchères |trans-title=Treasure discovered on glacier in Mont Blanc massif sold at auction |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/14383438-un-tresor-decouvert-sur-un-glacier-du-massif-du-montblanc-vendu-aux-encheres.html |work=RTS |language=fr}}</ref>

In 2017, Daniel Roche, a Swiss climber who has searched the [[Bossons Glacier]] for wreckage from Air India Flights 245 and 101, found human remains and wreckage including a Boeing 707 aircraft engine.<ref name=Print>{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/report/the-theories-india-nuclear-energy-pioneer-homi-bhabha/31233/ |title=Sabotage or accident? The theories about how India lost nuclear energy pioneer Homi Bhabha |first=Neera |last=Majumdar |website=ThePrint.in |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=7 September 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212201948/https://theprint.in/report/the-theories-india-nuclear-energy-pioneer-homi-bhabha/31233/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2020, as a result of melting of the glacier, Indian newspapers from 1966 were found in good condition.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53390387 |title=Indian papers resurfacing in French Alps could be from 1966 plane crash |work=BBC News |date=13 July 2020 |access-date=13 July 2020 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713204430/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53390387 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On June 4, 2020, a diplomatic bag containing newspapers and official mail was discovered. In 2021, a 'secret' document from the Indian Ministry of External Affairs was also discovered<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tramontana |first=Allan |title=Buried Under the Ice of Mont Blanc: A Secret Cold War Document |year=2024 |isbn=9798315237853}}</ref> and in 2024, several film reels from the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]]'s artificial satellite tracking program, which had been aboard the plane bound for the United States.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="ASN">{{ASN accident|id=19660124-0}}</ref>
<ref name="Pither">Pither 1998, p. 291</ref>
<ref name="Flight174">{{cite journal| title= The Air-India Disaster| journal= [[Flight International]]| url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%200293.html| page= 174| date= 3 February 1966| access-date= 21 December 2009| archive-date= 25 September 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130925072928/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%200293.html}}</ref>
}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Pither |first=Tony |title=The Boeing 707 720 and C-135 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Air-Britain|Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd]] |location=England |isbn=0-85130-236-X}}
* {{cite book |title=Crash au Mont-Blanc, les fantômes du Malabar Princess et du Kangchenjunga |first=Françoise |last=Rey |location=Chamonix |year=2013 |publisher=Le Petit Montagnard |orig-year=1991 |isbn=9782954272092 |language=fr |trans-title=Crash at Mont Blanc, the ghosts of the Malabar Princess and Kangchenjunga}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1966/v-mn660124/pdf/v-mn660124.pdf Final Report] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20121109201409/http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1966/v-mn660124/pdf/v-mn660124.pdf Archive]) – [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]] {{in lang|fr}}
* Cockburn, Barbara. "[http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/aircraft-pictures/2009/01/air-india-707-crash-wreckage-o.html Air India 707 crash wreckage on Mont Blanc]". ''[[Flight International]]''. 24 January 2009.

{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1966}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in France between 1950 and 1999}}
{{Air India}}
{{Portal bar|France|India|Aviation|1960s}}

[[Category:1966 in France]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 707]]
[[Category:Air India accidents and incidents|101]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1966]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in France]]
[[Category:January 1966 in Europe]]
[[Category:Mont Blanc]]
[[Category:Deaths on Mont Blanc]]

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star

2026-03-14T10:33:28Z

Umaiordarame:

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star
| abbreviation = CPIML Red Star
| colorcode = Red
| party_logo = CPI(ML).svg
| chairman =
| general_secretary = P. J. James<ref>{{cite web | url=https://janayugomonline.com/cpiml-redstar-concludes-12th-party-congress-dr-pj-james-is-the-new-general-secretary/ | title=സിപിഐ(എംഎൽ) റെഡ്സ്റ്റാർ 12-ാം പാർട്ടി കോൺഗ്രസ്സ് സമാപിച്ചു; ഡോ. പി ജെ ജെയിംസ്‌ പുതിയ ജനറൽ സെക്രട്ടറി | date=29 September 2022 }}</ref>
| ppchairman =
| loksabha_leader =
| headquarters = C-141, Sainik Nagar
[[New Delhi]]-110059, [[India]]
| international = ICOR<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icor.info/2020/comrade-k-n-ramachandran-cpi-ml-red-star-india-to-icor-10-years|title=Comrade K N Ramachandran, CPI (ML) Red Star, India to ICOR 10 years}}</ref>
| rajyasabha_leader =
|split =[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]]
| foundation = 2009
| women = All India Revolutionary Women Organisation
| students = All India Revolutionary Students Organisation
| youth = Revolutionary Youth Federation of India
| labour = [[Trade Union Centre of India]]
| peasants = All India Krantikari Kisan Sabha
| alliance =
| loksabha_seats =
| rajyasabha_seats =
| state_seats =
| ideology =[[Communism]] [[Marxism-Leninism]] [[Mao Zedong Thought]]
| position = [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| publication = ''Red Star''
| eci = Registered-Unrecognized
| symbol =
| website = {{url|http://www.cpiml.in/}}
|}}

The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist) Red Star''' (in brief '''CPI(ML) Red Star''') was formed in 2009 merging with various factions of CPI(ML), following the Bhopal Special Conference in 2009 with K N Ramachandran as the General Secretary, who has been reelected to the post in the 9th, 10th and 11th Congresses of the Party, which were held in 2011 at Bhubaneswar (Odisha) in 2015 at Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) & 2018 at Bengaluru (Karnataka) respectively.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sanyal|first=Ram Bramha|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23409|title=Hours with nature / by Rambramha Sanyal.|date=1896|publisher=S. K. Lahiri and Co.|location=[Calcutta]|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.23409}}</ref><ref>''Red Star''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120403084918/http://www.cpiml.in/home/files/Red%20Star/Red_Star_Sept_2011_pdf.pdf From the 8th Party Congress of the CPI(ML) in 1970 to 9th Congress in 2011 - an overview of developments]''</ref><ref>''The Hindu''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090710025600/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/27/stories/2009052754930800.htm CPI(ML) unity breaks down]''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpiml.in/cms/about-cpiml/history|title=CPI(ML) Red Star - History|access-date=25 April 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506215830/https://www.cpiml.in/cms/about-cpiml/history|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
Following the first split in CPI and emergence of CPI (M) in [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|1964]], the inner party struggle
continued leading to the Naxalbari Uprising in 1967 and formation of CPI (ML) in 1969
followed by the 1970 Congress (Eighth Congress of the Communist Movement in India).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/charu-majumdar-the-father-of-naxalism/story-xMbqnzd7MJp8nm4NamCxqJ.html|title=Charu Majumdar -- the Father of Naxalism|date=9 May 2003}}</ref>

CPI (ML) Red Star was formed by the merger of various factions of CPI (ML) on 2009 by the 9th Congress at Bhubaneswar. [[K.N Ramchandran]] is General Secretary since the very inception of this party. Since 2009 three party congress (9th, 10th, 11th) was held. The last Congress (11th Congress) was held in Bangalore and KN Ramchandran again elected as General Secretary of this party.

52 delegates out of 260 delegates to the 12th Party Congress broke away and organised as CPI (ML) Revolutionary Initiative, as claimed by an Open Letter.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://redstaronline.in/2023/09/13/cpi-ml-red-stars-open-letter-to-all-communist-revolutionary-parties-groups-and-concerned-people/#:~:text=CPIML%20Revolutionary%20Initiative%2C%20a%20break%2Daway%20faction%20from%20CPI%20%28ML%29%20Red%20Star|title=CPI (ML) Red Star’s Open Letter to all Communist Revolutionary Parties/Groups and Concerned People}}</ref>

==Role in Bhangor Movement==
In [[West Bengal]] this party gained momentum in participation in [[Bhangar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhangor]] against an ongoing [[power station]] project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/828841/the-little-known-red-star-party-is-making-its-mark-in-bengal-with-the-bhangar-land-stir|title=The little-known Red Star party is making its mark in Bengal with the Bhangar land stir|first=Subrata|last=Nagchoudhury|website=Scroll.in|date=9 February 2017 }}</ref> Although many of its members were arrested including women-wing leader Sharmishtha Chowdhury the movement still continued.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bhangor-clash-cpiml-red-star-member-arrested-4491726/|title=Bhangor clash: CPI(ML) Red Star member arrested|date=26 January 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
Bhangor protesters led by Red Star leader Alik Chakraborty won five seats<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/5-bhangar-whatsapp-candidates-win/articleshow/64215609.cms|title=Five 'WhatsApp candidates' win in Bengal panchayat elections - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=18 May 2018 }}</ref> in Polerhat-2 rural poll despite heavy obstacles from the ruling party including blocking nominations<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.groundxero.in/2018/04/24/unprecedented-move-by-the-high-court-bhangor-candidates-allowed-to-file-nomination-via-whatsapp/|title=» Unprecedented move by the High Court: Bhangor candidates allowed to file nomination via WhatsApp|date=24 April 2018|publisher=}}</ref> and rigging.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/west-bengal-panchayat-polls-supporter-of-independent-candidate-shot-dead-in-bhangar-1745459.html|title=Panchayat Poll Clashes in Bengal's Bhangar Kills Independent Candidate Supporter|website=News18|date=11 May 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Naxalite and Maoist groups in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Communism|India}}
*{{official}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star}}
[[Category:2009 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Communist parties in India]]
[[Category:International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations|India]]
[[Category:Maoist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Naxalite groups]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2009]]
[[Category:Registered unrecognised political parties in India]]

H. Britton

2026-03-13T19:16:43Z

Umaiordarame: Put up new info

{{short description|Indian singer and actor (1935–2009)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = H. Britton
| image = Portrait of H Britton.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Camilo during his youth
| birth_name = Hermenegildo Camêlo
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|10|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Agaçaim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| death_place = [[Penha de França, Goa]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|9|29|1935|10|16|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|actor|lyricist|composer|director|playwright|producer}}
| years_active = 1960s–{{circa|2009}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Hermegildo Camilo''' (born '''Hermenegildo Camêlo'''; 16 October 1935 – 29 September 2009), known professionally as '''H. Britton''', was an Indian singer, actor, [[lyricist]], composer, playwright, [[theatre director|director]], and [[Theatre producer|producer]] who worked on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]]. Britton is best known for [[Cross-gender acting|portraying female characters]] in ''[[tiatr]]'' productions, and has also composed more than 700 songs.

==Early life==
Hermegildo Camilo, originally named Hermenegildo Camêlo, was born on 16 October 1935 in [[Agaçaim]], [[Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India), to Francisco Camelo and Maria Augusta Cardoso who hailed from [[Ribandar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Júlio Rodrigues |first=Francisco José |date=1935 |title=Extracto De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Goa Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030120953/https://goaonline.gov.in/ |archive-date=2023-10-30 }}</ref>

Britton made a significant move to [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) in order to pursue his acting career. During his time in Bombay, he actively engaged with different [[theatrical troupe|theater troupe]]s, dedicating a major portion of his life to this city alongside his wife and two children. Although he primarily resided in Bombay, he would occasionally travel to Goa, specifically for his ''[[tiatr]]'' shows. Britton eventually decided to permanently settle in [[Bardez#Etymology|Britona]], [[Bardez]], Goa.<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
During the late 1960s, Britton participated in an annual ''[[tiatr]]'' performance, organized by the residents of Britona on the occasion of the feast of [[Our Lady of Peñafrancia|Our Lady of Penha de França]]. Specifically traveling from [[Bombay]] to attend the village celebration, Britton's presence was announced, generating much anticipation among the audience, which consisted of over 600 ''tiatr'' enthusiasts. The villagers held Britton in high regard, as he had not performed in a ''tiatr'' production for four years, making his return a highly anticipated event. Britton then sang a humorous song that elicited laughter from the entire audience. The crowd continuously called for an [[encore]], expressing their admiration through applause and whistling.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2009-09-26 |title=Tomazinho Cardozo pays tribute to versatile tiatrist H Britton |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/tomazinho-cardozo-pays-tribute-to-versatile-tiatrist-h-britton/articleshow/5058503.cms |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226034159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/tomazinho-cardozo-pays-tribute-to-versatile-tiatrist-h-britton/articleshow/5058503.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:H Britton on stage (cropped).jpg|thumb|Britton during a stage performance]]
According to [[Tomazinho Cardozo]], former president of the [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]], Britton's second song was exceptional. In this performance, Britton portrayed a female character, captivating the audience with his distinctive style, including his attire, [[body language]], gestures, and facial expressions. Cardozo describes Britton's portrayal as that of a "flawless young lady who humorously criticized the boys in her song". Despite the playful criticism, the boys in the audience enthusiastically called for Britton to return to the stage for multiple encores. Cardozo refers to Britton as "Hermegildo," as he was highly cherished by the residents of Britona during that period. It is worth noting that even though he had gained significant recognition as an artist under the name "H. Britton" on the ''tiatr'' stage in Bombay, the villagers of Britona still preferred to address him with his first name "Hermegildo." Cardozo asserts that Britton's singing, dancing, and portrayal of female characters were unique in the ''tiatr'' history, establishing him as a female artist for an extended period, despite the occasional breaks to pursue better opportunities abroad.<ref name=":0" />

Britton, upon his return, came back to ''tiatr''. Known for his vocal abilities, acting talent, and lyrical talent, his compositions were characterized by their thematic depth, clever wit, and delightful humour. Britton's composed over 700 original songs, complemented by his collaborations with ''tiatr'' artists such as [[M. Boyer]] and Jacinto Vaz. In addition to his musical contributions, he also ventured into [[playwriting]] and directing full-length ''tiatrs''. His inaugural ''tiatr'' production, titled ''Ekvottachem Foll,'' was successful.<ref name=":0" />

Among Britton's popular tiatrs that resonated with audiences were ''Custom Officer'', ''Jivit Kuwaitchem'' (Life in Kuwait), ''Bebdo Put'' (Drunkard Son), and ''Bunhad Naslolem Ghor'' (House without Foundation). However, it was as a singer that he was known among the populace. His discography consisted of numerous albums, with songs like "Bandra Festac", "Marialina",<ref name=":1" /> and "Pandu Lampiaum" which grew to become classics. Cardozo writes that Britton's contribution as a "female" artist in the ''tiatr'' domain was invaluable, particularly during periods characterized by a scarcity of female performers. By assuming roles traditionally assigned to women, he played a pivotal role in preserving the vitality of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatr'', ensuring its enduring prominence as a dynamic dramatic art form in [[Goa]].<ref name=":0" />

==Style and reception==
[[File:T Britton as H Britton.jpg|thumb|Britton's brother, T. Britton, portraying him at [[Kala Academy]], 2016.]]
''[[O Heraldo]]'' writes, "Britton left a mark on the world of entertainment with his unique artistic style and vocal talents. He excelled in the portrayal of female characters, a practice that was considered socially unconventional during the period in which he thrived. Britton's on-stage presence was characterized by his comedic persona, often evoking uproarious laughter from audiences as he donned vibrant sarees. His vocal versatility was truly remarkable, effortlessly transitioning between male and female registers with skill. Such was his mastery of female mannerisms that he occasionally prompted mistaken identity, with spectators genuinely perceiving him as a woman."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=26 September 2009 |title=Remembering H Britton... |pages=32 |work=[[O Heraldo]] |access-date=}}</ref>

==Death==
On 24 September 2009, Britton died at his residence in [[Penha de França, Goa]], after a brief illness. His funeral took place three days later at Britona Cemetery. A large number of individuals gathered at Britton's residence to pay their final respects to him.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=H Britton laid to rest |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/h-britton-laid-to-rest/33861 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

Among those who paid their last respects to Britton were prominent politicians such as [[Dayanand Narvekar]], the MLA of [[Aldona Assembly constituency|Aldona]], and Dr. [[Wilfred de Souza]], the Vice Chairman of the Goa State Planning Board. Moreover, numerous personalities from the ''[[tiatr]]'' community attended the funeral. Individuals among them included [[Tomazinho Cardozo]], the President of the [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]], [[Prince Jacob]], [[Cyriaco Dias]], Sabina Alvares, Adv Mike Mehta, Anil Kumar, Bond Braganza, Jessy, Diana, Sabina Alvares, [[Mario Menezes]], Osvi Viegas, [[Patrick Dourado]], Xavier Paclo, Xavier Mascarenhas, [[C. D'Silva]], Bab Andrew, Boneventur DPetro, Maestro Agnel, and Anceto Lawrenco.<ref name=":2" />

===Reactions===
Britton was mourned by the then [[Chief Minister of Goa]], [[Digambar Kamat]], who expressed his condolences and acknowledged the significant loss his passing represented. Kamat recognized Britton as one of the towering personalities of [[Goan]] ''[[tiatr]]'' and lamented the void created on the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatr'' stage that would be difficult to fill. He extended his sympathies to the bereaved family.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=26 September 2009 |title=CM condoles death of H Britton |pages=52 |work=[[The Navhind Times]]}}</ref>

[[Tomazinho Cardozo]], who had a four-decade-long association with Britton, praised him as a highly talented artist who had captured the hearts of the masses. Cardozo specifically highlighted Britton's portrayal of female roles and emphasized that his contributions to ''tiatr'' would be forever remembered by fellow ''[[tiatrist]]s''.<ref name=":2" /> In an interview, Cardozo further emphasized the profound impact of Britton's demise on the Konkani ''tiatr'' stage, describing him as one of the most gifted artistes in the field and a seasoned ''tiatrist''. Cardozo commended Britton's five-decade-long service to the Konkani ''tiatr'' stage, noting his contribution to its development. He also lauded Britton's vocal abilities as a singer and his talents as a lyricist, with his songs characterized by wit and humor that captivated ''tiatr'' lovers in [[Goa]] and beyond. The [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] also expressed their condolences.<ref name=":3" />

[[Prince Jacob]] acknowledged Britton's artistic prowess and his ability to mesmerize audiences with his captivating voice. Jacob credited Britton with making significant contributions to the advancement of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatr''.<ref name=":2" /> He further acknowledged Britton's unique talent for portraying female characters, a skill seldom seen among younger artists. Jacob described Britton as a straightforward and compassionate individual, underscoring the tremendous loss his departure represented for the industry.<ref name=":1" />

[[Cyriaco Dias]] highlighted Britton's multifaceted talents as a lyricist, singer, and director. Recalling their collaboration in the 1960s, Dias mentioned the admiration Britton received for his portrayal of female roles and commended his skill as a [[humorist]].<ref name=":2" />

[[Advocate]] Mike Mehta regarded Britton as a stalwart of the ''tiatr'' industry, noting his ability to select subjects for his songs that resonated deeply with the public and gained widespread popularity. Mehta mourned the loss of the stage artiste and emphasized the irreplaceable void left by Britton's departure, deeply affecting ''tiatr'' enthusiasts.<ref name=":2" />

Leslie Pereira, a stage actor who had worked closely with Britton, expressed his grief, acknowledging Britton's talent in portraying female characters. Similarly, Albert Cabral expressed doubt that anyone could match Britton's expertise in dressing up and imitating women. Both Pereira and Cabral anticipated the enduring impact of Britton's absence. Theatre director [[Roseferns]] hailed Britton as a legendary figure and a cherished friend among his ''tiatr'' colleagues.<ref name=":1" />

==Selected stage works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1970
|''Ekvottachem Foll''
|Writer/director
|Debut as writer & director
|rowspan="5"|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ&q=Ekvottachem+Foll |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |language=en |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226192622/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ&q=Ekvottachem+Foll |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|
|''Custom Officer''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Jivit Kuwaitchem''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Bebdo Put''
|Writer/producer
|
|-
|
|''Bunhad Naslolem Ghor''
|Writer/producer
|
|}

==Select discography==
*''Bandra Festac'' (1971)
*''Pandu Lampiaum'' (1971)
*''Marialina'' (1982)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:H. Britton}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Actors from North Goa district]]

Payag

2026-03-13T06:06:35Z

Umaiordarame: New New Page

[[File:The Siege of Kandahar. Attributed to Payag Mughal, mid-17th century. Opaque watercolor on paper. The Knellington Collection, Courtesy Harvard University Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts.jpg|thumb|The failed [[Mughal sieges of Kandahar (1649–1653)|Mughal siege of Kandahar in 1649]]. Attributed to Payag. Mughal, mid-17th century. Opaque watercolor on paper. The Knellington Collection, Courtesy Harvard University Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts.<ref name="Metro">{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Stuart Cary |title=India: art and culture, 1300-1900 |date=1985 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston |location=New York |isbn=978-0030061141 |page=248 |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/india-art-and-culture-1300-1900 |quote=If Murad's siege raised the spirits of his imperial patron, Payag's view of an episode in 1649, during the unsuccessful attempts to recapture strategic Kandahar must have lowered them. Although Murad was noted for his cheerful portrayals of grand events at court-and, we suspect, as a designer of architectural ornament, which he painted so inventively-Payag is admired for portraits of holy men and ravaged old soldiers, and for views of war in all its horror.}}</ref>]]
'''Payag''' was a major Indian Hindu artist of [[Mughal painting]], in the 17th century.<ref name="Metro"/> He was noted for the dark realism of his paintings, including portraits of holy men and wounded soldiers, describing the horrors of war.<ref name="Metro"/>

Payag worked for several Mughal rulers, including emperors Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. His career lasted about 70 years. He had a brother named Balchand, also a talented painter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Painting by Payag - "Shah Jahan on Horseback", Folio from the Shah Jahan Album - The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/451267 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:Shah Jahan Riding Stallion.jpg|''[[Shah Jahan on Horseback]]'' by Payag.<ref>{{cite web |title=Painting by Payag - "Shah Jahan on Horseback", Folio from the Shah Jahan Album - The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/451267 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref>
File:Portrait of Islam Khan Mashhadi.jpg|Portrait of [[Islam Khan II]] Mashadi by Payag
File:The Goddess Bhairavi Devi with Shiva MET DP257990.jpg|''The Goddess Bhairavi Devi with Shiva'', by Payag
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:Painters from the Mughal Empire]]

Vana Yuddham

2026-03-07T05:55:09Z

Umaiordarame: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Attahasa]] {{R from merge}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=2938702}}
{{A. M. R. Ramesh}}
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about bandits]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]

Urfi (film)

2026-03-04T09:45:15Z

Umaiordarame: starting a data

{{Short description|2015 Marathi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Urfi
| image =
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = Vikram Pradhan
| writer =
| screenplay =
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Prathamesh Parab]]
*[[Mitali Mayekar]]
*[[Upendra Limaye]]
}}
| cinematography = Pradeep Khanvilkar
| editing =
| music = Chinar–Mahesh
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2015|10|23}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Urfi''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] [[romantic thriller]] film directed by Vikram Pradhan. The film starring [[Prathamesh Parab]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2015 |title= Prathmesh turns Romeo for debutant |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/prathmesh-turns-romeo-for-debutant/articleshow/49628655.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218103833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/prathmesh-turns-romeo-for-debutant/articleshow/49628655.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref> [[Mitali Mayekar]] and [[Upendra Limaye]]. Music by
Chinar–Mahesh. The film was released on 23 October 2015.

== Synopsis ==
Deva who works for an estate agent falls in love with the daughter of one of his clients. As he tries to create a good impression on the family and woo the girl, he is unaware of an upcoming hurdle.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2015 |title= निव्वळ टाईमपास |url=https://prahaar.in/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B3-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218113008/https://prahaar.in/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B3-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8/ |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website= [[Prahaar (newspaper)|Prahaar]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Prathamesh Parab]] as Deva
*[[Mitali Mayekar]] as Amruta
*[[Upendra Limaye]]
*Kavita Lad
*Milind Pathak

== Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Urfi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Chinar–Mahesh
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2015<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2015 |title= 'दगडू' झाला 'देवा', प्रथमेश 'उर्फी'मध्ये करतोय 'धनक-धनक', ऐका गाणं |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/prathamesh-parab-new-film-urfi-dhanak-dhanak-song-release/286619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218121132/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/prathamesh-parab-new-film-urfi-dhanak-dhanak-song-release/286619 |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website= [[Zee News]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>
| recorded = 2015
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 10:25
| language = Marathi
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2014
| year = 2016
| next_title =
| next_year = 2015
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|HNIbP2I7FoU| Urfi – Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 10:25
| title1 = Dhanak Dhanak
| extra1 = [[Siddharth Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 3:44
| title2 = Yaar Bas Tu
| extra2 = Aanandi Joshi, Rishikesh Kamekar
| length2 = 2:57
| title3 = O Maria
| extra3 = Harshavardhan Wavare
| length3 = 4:24
}}

== Critical response ==
Urfi film received negative reviews from critics. Jayanti Waghdhare of ''[[Zee News]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "While directing this movie, the director has given some 'twists and turns' which has affected the flow of the movie... the story of the movie also feels lost...".<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=फिल्म रिव्ह्यू : 'ट्वीस्ट अॅन्ड टर्न्स'चा 'उर्फी' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/film-review-urfi/291476 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218110311/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/film-review-urfi/291476 |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website= [[Zee News]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref> Mihir Bhanage of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "There are inexplicable flaws in the narrative which can only be accepted if, to use a cliched phrase, you leave your brains at home".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2016 |title=URFI MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/urfi/movie-review/49980258.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218111004/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/urfi/movie-review/49980258.cms |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref> Dipak Damle of ''[[Loksatta]]'' wrote "The director has tried to give a twist to the plot. But he did not get that much success. The impossible love story is fast forwarded. But at the same time the seriousness is lost due to meaningless dialogues, jokes and scenes".<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=लोकप्रभा सिने रिव्ह्यू – 'उर्फी' |url=https://www.loksatta.com/lokprabha/moviereview/urfi-marathi-movie-1164388/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218111844/https://www.loksatta.com/lokprabha/moviereview/urfi-marathi-movie-1164388/lite/ |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website= [[Loksatta]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref> Baban Bansidhar Lihinar of ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "As the unimaginable story unfolds, the breach of expectation falls. Something similar has happened in this movie".<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=उर्फीः अर्धीच जमलेली गोष्ट |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/urfi/amp_moviereview/49941429.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218112448/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/urfi/amp_moviereview/49941429.cms |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt9777820}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/urfi}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Bahurani (1990 film)

2026-03-03T23:49:18Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up First Entry W/ Refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bahurani
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Manik Chatterjee<ref name="dr">{{Cite web|title=Bahurani, 1989 hindi film|accessdate=2014-06-29|url=http://www.fridaycinemas.com/ViewMovie.aspx?mno=6197|publisher=fridaycinemas.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626161436/http://fridaycinemas.com/ViewMovie.aspx?mno=6197|archive-date=26 June 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="d">{{Cite web|title=Director of Bahurani (1989)|accessdate=2014-06-29|url=http://www.ibollytv.com/movies/8de99c8e/bahurani-1989-hindi-movie-watch.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221073638/http://www.ibollytv.com/movies/8de99c8e/bahurani-1989-hindi-movie-watch.html|archive-date=21 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| producer = Mohan Lalwani Prem Lawani
| writer = Gyandev Agnihotri
| starring = [[Rekha]] [[Rakesh Roshan]] [[Utpal Dutt]] [[Usha Kiran]] [[Deven Verma]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = Shashi Kabre
| editing = Sudhanshu Chakravorty
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1989|12|19|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Bahurani''''' is a 1989 [[family|family-drama]] Indian Hindi film directed by Manik Chatterjee and produced by Mohan Lalwani and Prem Lawani. It starred [[Rekha]], [[Rakesh Roshan]], [[Utpal Dutt]], [[Usha Kiran]], [[Deven Verma]] in lead roles. Music was scored by [[R. D. Burman]].

== Plot ==
Amit is a modern guy, raised in Bombay (present-day Mumbai) and educated in USA. He wants to marry a compatible woman who is educated like him and shares his views. To the contrary, his parents fix his marriage with a beautiful, intelligent and traditional village girl, Madhuri. Amit tries to reject but his father adamantly demands that he should marry Madhuri or leave the house. Having no choice, Amit waits for an opportunity.

Madhuri lives along with her widowed mother and her brother Shrikant. Shrikant comes to Amit's house before marriage and Amit's father demands dowry in the form of gold just to make fun of him. He takes that seriously and thinking that the wedding will not take place if he can't get the gold, gets fake jewellery. During the wedding ceremony, Amit observes that and takes that opportunity to reject the bride despite the fact that the wedding has already taken place and Madhuri is his wife now. Amit's parents request Madhuri to wait for some time for Amit to correct his behavior.

But after a year, still Amit wouldn't come back to take Madhuri to her in-laws house. Madhuri wants to get a job in Bombay and goes to an interview. There, she learns that Amit is the boss and is hired anyway. She changes her name to Malathi Choudhury and as Amit hasn't seen her face previously, doesn't recognize her. He develops feelings for Malathi and later she reciprocates them. He wants to marry her, hiding the fact that he is married.

Amit's parents still waiting for Madhuri, learn about Malathi and try to confront her. They recognize Madhuri and want to continue the game. At last, Madhuri's mother reveals Malathi's real identity to Amit and he plays a little drama too. At last, Amit asks for forgiveness and invites Madhuri as daughter-in-law to his house.

==Cast==
* [[Rekha]] as Madhuri / Malti
* [[Rakesh Roshan]] as Amit Chaudhary
* [[Utpal Dutt]] as Sadanand Chaudhary
* [[Usha Kiran]] as Laxmi Chaudhary
* [[Deven Verma]] as Kumar Chatterjee
* [[Urmila Bhatt]] as Madhuri's Mother
* [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Shreekant

==Music==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Woh Kya The"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Ek Haseena"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Amit Kumar]]
|-
| "Duniya Ki Nazaron Se"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|-
| "Katori Pe Katora"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt0349122}}
* {{YouTube|PR3D3Zprjzo}}

[[Category:1989 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1989 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:1989 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express

2026-03-02T05:08:26Z

Umaiordarame: page fix

{{Short description|Train in India}}{{Unreferenced|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Express
| image = Cg sampark kranti.jpg
| caption = Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Express At [[Mathura Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Sampark Kranti Express]]
| locale = [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Haryana]] & Delhi
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2005|03|21}}
| last =
| operator = [[South East Central Railway zone|South East Central Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Durg Junction}} (DURG)
| stops = 11
| end = {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} (NZM)
| distance = {{convert|1280|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 21 hours 20 minutes
| frequency = Tri-weekly
| class = AC First Class, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12823 / 12824
| speed = {{convert|60|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = [[File:Chhattisgarh Samparkkranti Express (NZM - DURG) Route map.jpg|250px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12823 / 12824 '''Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Express''' is an India [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Durg Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} in India, and is also called the king of South East Central Railway. It operates as train number 12823 from Durg to Hazrat Nizamuddin and as train number 12824 in the reverse direction.

==Coaches==

The 12823/12824 Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express presently has 1 AC 1st Class cum AC 2 tier, 2 AC 2 tier, 1 AC 2 cum AC 3 tier, 4 AC 3 tier, 10 Sleeper class, 6 General Unreserved coaches & 1 Pantry car. As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. It is operating with [[LHB coach]] since 2017.

==Service==

The 12823 Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express covers the distance of 1281 kilometres in 21 hours 05 mins (60.76 km/h) & 1284 kilometres in 21 hours 45 mins as 12824 Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express (59.03 km/h). As the average speed of the train is more than 55 km/h, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

It reverses direction at {{stnlnk|Bilaspur Junction}}.

==Route & halts==

It runs from Durg via {{stnlnk|Raipur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Uslapur}}, {{stnlnk|Pendra Road}}, {{stnlnk|Anuppur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Shahdol}}, {{stnlnk|Umaria}}, {{stnlnk|Katni Murwara Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Saugor}}, {{stnlnk|Jhansi Junction}} to Hazrat Nizamuddin.

==Traction==

As the route is fully electrified, it is hauled by [[WAP-7]] or [[WAP-5]] locomotive of [[Electric Loco Shed, Bhilai|Bhilai Loco Shed]] between Durg and Hazrat Nizamuddin.

==Direction reversal==
* {{stnlnk|Bilaspur Junction}}

==Schedule==

*12823 Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express leaves Durg every Monday, Thursday, Saturday and reaches Hazrat Nizamuddin the next day.
*12824 Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express leaves Hazrat Nizamuddin every Sunday, Tuesday, Friday and reaches Durg the next day.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Sampark Kranti Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chhattisgarh Sampark Kranti Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Durg]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Sampark Kranti Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2005]]

Raika State

2026-02-28T16:37:56Z

Umaiordarame: New Entry

{{Short description|Princely state during the British Raj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = Raika State
| common_name = Raika
| nation = [[British India]]
| subdivision = [[Princely State]]
| era =
| year_start =
| date_start =
| event_start =
| year_end = 1948
| date_end =
| event_end = [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]
| event1 =
| date_event1 =
| p1 =
| s1 = India
| flag_p1 =
| flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
| image_flag =
| image_coat =
| image_map = File:Rewa_Kantha_Agency_with_all_Princely_States_Gujarat_during_British_India_1811-1937_with_labels.svg
| image_map_caption = Location of Raika
| stat_area1 = 7.77
| stat_year1 = 1931
| stat_pop1 = 554
| footnotes =
}}

'''Raika State''' was a minor [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]] in what is today [[Gujarat State]] India. It was initially administered by the [[Rewa Kantha Agency]]<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 264, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n295/mode/2up</ref> and then by the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]].<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1935, p. 102,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275347/page/n111/mode/2up</ref> It was part of the 26 Princely States making up the [[Pandu Mehwas]], petty states placed under British protection between 1812 and 1825.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 270,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n301/mode/2up</ref> The state had a population of 554 and an area of 3 sq miles.<ref>. Memoranda On The Indian States 1940, p. 24, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35376/page/n33/mode/2up</ref>

Raika is located in the Vadodara taluka of [[Vadodara district]] of [[Gujarat]], and is part of the Vadodara metropolitan region.

==History==
The non-salute state was the major one of the three ''Dorka states'' (part of the [[Pandu Mehwas]], under the colonial [[Rewa Kantha Agency]]), the other two being Donka itself and [[Angadh]]. It was ruled by [[Rajput]] Chieftains and covered three square miles with a population of 474 in 1901, yielding a state revenue of 3,609 Rupees (1903–4; nearly all from land) and paying 443 Rupees tribute to the Gaikwar [[Baroda State]].

==Rulers==
The Rulers held the title of Thakur. The state was held by several shareholders.

In 1922 the 2 shareholders of Raika were:<ref>The Rewakantha directory, p. 122, https://archive.org/details/apz5770.0001.001.umich.edu/page/122/mode/2up</ref>

* Natwarsing Motising (born {{circa|1917}})
* Pagedaranbai Laxmibai (born 1857)

In 1927 the 2 shareholders of Raika were:<ref>A Collection Of Treaties and Sanads Vol - Xiv (1929), p. 162, https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1302/page/161/mode/2up</ref>

* Natwarsing Motising (born {{circa|1917}})
* Appajirao Krishnarao (born {{circa|1889}})

==External links==
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_297.gif Imperial Gazetteer, on DSAL - Rewa Kantha]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Princely states of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

{{princely states topics}}

[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Villages in Vadodara district]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]

{{Gujarat-PrincelyState-stub}}
{{Vadodara-geo-stub}}

Ulsoor

2026-02-26T09:53:28Z

Umaiordarame: Content refined and expanded

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Halasuru
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ಹಲಸೂರು
| other_name = Ulsoor
| settlement_type = neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bangalore
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.97|N|77.63|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name2 = Bangalore
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 560008,560042
| registration_plate = KA-03
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Hindi and English
}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2021}}[[File:Native Girls' School and Preaching-Room, Alasoor, Bangalore (p.184, December 1865, XXII).jpg|thumb|right|280px|Native Girls' School and Preaching-Room, Alasoor, Bangalore (p.184, 1865)<ref name=Offering1864a>{{cite journal|title=Native Girls School and Preaching-Room, Alasoor, Bangalore - Bangalore Cantonment, 8 July 1865|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=December 1865|volume=XXII|pages=43–46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VwEAAAAQAAJ|access-date=10 November 2015|publisher=Wesleyan Mission House|location=London}}</ref>]]
[[File:A Street Scene in India, Outside the Wesleyan Girls School, Bangalore (January 1869, p.7, New III) - Copy.jpg|thumb|280px|A Street Scene in India, Outside the Wesleyan Girls School, Bangalore (January 1869, p.7)<ref name="Juvenile1869">{{cite journal|title=A Street Scene in India, Outside the Wesleyan Girls School, Bangalore|journal=The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons|date=January 1869|volume=New III|page=[https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog/page/n17 7]|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog|access-date=24 February 2016|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society}}</ref>]]
[[File:KITLV 92036 - Unknown - Juggernaut cart in the Ulsoor temple complex in Bangalore, India - Around 1870.tif|thumb|[[Juggernaut]] cart in the Halasuru temple complex in Bangalore, India, around 1870]]
[[File:Gurudwara in Bangalore..jpg|right|thumb|Sri Guru Singh Sabha Gurudwara, Halasuru]]
'''Halasuru''', known as '''Ulsoor''' during the [[British Raj|British Rule]], is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city of [[Bengaluru]]. It is in central Bengaluru, and begins near the eastern terminus of [[M G Road, Bangalore|Mahatma Gandhi Raste]]. It is renowned for its numerous temples and market.

==History and name==
The village of Bangalore is said to have been gifted to [[Kempe Gowda I]] (1513–1569) by the [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara]] emperors. The Halasuru Lake was built by his successor, Kempe Gowda II, and is the only surviving tank built by the Gowda kings in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web|title=Halasuru Lake|url=https://www.bengaloorutourism.com/halasuru-lake.php}}</ref> The first [[British Empire|British]] military station was established in Halasuru in 1807.<ref name=History>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050420112152/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/03/22/stories/2005032200960300.htm "The birth of a cosmopolitan city"]}} The Hindu. 22 Mar. 2005</ref>

There used to be a jackfruit orchard near the Halasuru Lake, and the Kannada name for [[jackfruit]] being 'Halasina Hannu', the area came to be known as ''Halasuru''. During the British colonial rule, the name was corrupted to ''Ulsoor''.{{cn|date=January 2020}}
== Location in Context ==
{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Areas of Bangalore'''
|Northwest = [[Shivajinagar, Bangalore|Shivajinagar]]
|North = [[Fraser Town, Bangalore|Fraser Town]] / [[Cooke Town]]/[[Cox Town, Bangalore| Cox Town]]
|Northeast = [[Baiyappanahalli]]
|West = Sivanachetty Gardens
|Centre = Ulsoor
|East = [[Indiranagar, Bangalore|Indiranagar]]
|Southwest = [[Richmond Town]]
|South = [[Austin Town]]
|Southeast = [[Domlur]]
}}

== Bengaluru Metro Rail ==
There are two [[Namma Metro]] Rail stations<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bmrc.co.in/RouteMap.htm |title=Bangalore Metro: Route Map |access-date=24 July 2012 |archive-date=31 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731110338/http://bmrc.co.in/RouteMap.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> in Halasuru:
*Halasuru (on Old Madras Road, at the end closer to CMH Road)
*Trinity (at Trinity Circle)

==See also==
{{commons category}}
*[[Halasuru Someshwara Temple]]
*[[Indiranagar, Bengaluru|Indiranagar]]
*[[Sri Subrahmanya Temple, Halasuru]]
*[[Ulsoor Lake|Halasuru lake]]

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Bengaluru topics}}
[[Category:Bangalore Civil and Military Station]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Central Bengaluru]]
{{BangaloreUrban-geo-stub}}

Soviet submarine K-43

2026-02-25T12:20:33Z

Umaiordarame: minor edit

{{short description|Soviet-made Charlie-class nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine}}
{{For|the later INS ''Chakra'' that also served in the Indian Navy|Russian submarine K-152 Nerpa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=DN-SC-89-03179 INS Chakra submarine.jpg
|image_caption=INS ''Chakra'' on its way to India in the 1980s
|image_size=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=Soviet Union
|flag={{shipboxflag|Soviet Union|naval}}
|name=''K-43''
|ordered=
|awarded=
|builder=[[Nizhniy Novgorod|Gorky]]
|original_cost=
|yard_number=
|way_number=
|laid_down=9 May 1964
|launched=2 August 1966
|sponsor=
|christened=
|completed=
|acquired=
|commissioned=5 November 1967
|recommissioned=February 1991
|decommissioned=30 July 1992
|maiden_voyage=
|in_service=1967–1988; 1991–1992
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|reclassified=
|refit=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|homeport=
|identification=
|motto=
|nickname=
|honours=
|honors=
|captured=
|fate=Sold for scrap
|notes=
|badge=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=title
|country=India
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval 1950}}
|name=''Chakra''
|namesake= [[Sudarshan Chakra]]
|ordered=
|awarded=
|builder=
|original_cost=
|yard_number=
|way_number=
|laid_down=
|launched=
|sponsor=
|christened=
|completed=
|acquired=
|commissioned=1 September 1987
|recommissioned=
|decommissioned=January 1991
|maiden_voyage=
|in_service=1987–1990
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|reclassified=
|refit=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|homeport=[[Vishakhapatnam]]
|identification=
|motto=
|nickname=
|honours=
|honors=
|captured=
|fate=Returned to [[Soviet Union]] after 3 years
|notes=
|badge=
}}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class={{sclass2|Charlie|submarine|0}} [[cruise missile submarine]]
|displacement= *Surfaced: 4000 tons
*Submerged: 5000 tons
|length={{convert|95|m|abbr=on}}
|beam= {{convert|10|m|abbr=on}}
|height=
|draught= {{convert|8|m|abbr=on}}
|draft=
|ice_class=
|power=
|propulsion=One pressurized water-cooled reactor powering two steam turbines delivering {{convert|11,185|kW|shp|abbr=on}} to one shaft.
|speed=*'''Surfaced:''' {{convert|20|kn}}
*'''Submerged:''' {{convert|24|kn}}
|range=Unlimited except by food supplies
|endurance=
|test_depth=
|boats=
|capacity=
|troops=
|complement=about 100
|crew=
|time_to_activate=
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=*8 x [[SS-N-7]] Starbright anti-ship cruise missiles
*6 x {{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (12 torpedoes or 12 [[SS-N-15]] Starfish anti-submarine missiles)
|notes=
}}
}}

'''''K-43''''' was a {{sclass2|Charlie|submarine|0}} [[nuclear-powered submarine|nuclear-powered]] [[cruise missile submarine]] operated by the [[Soviet navy|Soviet]] and [[Indian navy|Indian navies]]. It was built between 1964 and 1967 and was commissioned into the [[Soviet navy]] on 5 November 1967.<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002">Podvodnye Lodki, Yu.V. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2002, {{ISBN|5-8172-0069-4}}</ref> It later served as '''INS ''Chakra''''' in the [[Indian Navy]] from 1988 to 1991.

It was leased to India on 1 September 1987 and reached its base in [[Visakhapatnam]] on 3 February 1988 after a long journey. The Soviets said that the submarine was transferred for helping train the Indian Navy in operating nuclear submarines. During its service with India, it was partially manned by a Soviet crew,<ref name="Indian Defence Year Book">{{cite book|title=Indian Defence Year Book|year=2006|publisher=Natraj Publishers|isbn=9788186857106|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EwqAQAAIAAJ&q=INS+Chakra+Charlie+class}}</ref> who reportedly did not allow Indians into the missile room and into the reactor compartment and this is believed to be a reason for the termination of the contract after 3 years.<ref name="David Miller 2002 393">{{cite book|author=David Miller|title=The Illustrated Directory of Submarines of the World|year=2002|publisher=Zenith Imprint|page=393|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMCVXOwAagoC&dq=INS+Chakra+Charlie+class&pg=PA393|isbn=9780760313459}}</ref> The lease of ''Chakra'' reportedly helped India gain first-hand experience in handling a nuclear submarine that helped them build the {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|4}} of nuclear submarines.<ref name="Pradeep Barua 2005">{{cite book|last=Pradeep Barua|title=The State at War in South Asia|year=2005|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&dq=INS+Chakra+charlie+class&pg=PA281|isbn=0803213441}}</ref>

== Description ==
''K-43'' had a length of {{convert|94|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|overall]], a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|10|m|abbr=on}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draft]] of {{convert|8|m|abbr=on}}. It displaced {{convert|4000|t}} surfaced and {{convert|5000|t}} while submerged. The complement of the submarine was about 100.<ref name=FAS>{{cite web|title=Project 670 Skat / Charlie I|url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/670.htm|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|accessdate=14 August 2013}}</ref>

The boat had one five-blade propeller powered by a VM-5 [[pressurised water reactor]]. It can achieve a maximum speed of {{convert|16|kn}} when surfaced and {{convert|23|kn}} when submerged. The K-43 could carry up to 8 [[SS-N-7|SS-N-7 Starbright]] nuclear capable anti-ship [[cruise missiles]]. It had six {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s which could carry 12 torpedoes or 12 [[SS-N-15|SS-N-15 Starfish]] anti-submarine missiles.<ref name=FAS/>

== History ==
In October 1986, the [[Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet Politburo]] declared that they intend to transfer a Charlie-class submarine to India for training purposes. It was the first time a nuclear submarine was ever transferred to any other country.<ref name="end of cold war">{{cite book|author1=Artemy Kalinovsky|author2-link=Sergey Radchenko|author2=Sergey Radchenko|title=The End of the Cold War and the Third World: New Perspectives on Regional Conflict|year=2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pSxRVaVL1iIC&dq=INS+Chakra+Charlie+class&pg=PA69|isbn=9781136724305}}</ref> It was decided so as to prove Soviet Union's commitment to strengthening India. But some politicians expressed serious negative consequences due to the transfer. However, the politburo headed by [[Gorbachev]] decided that the political benefits outweighed the concerns.<ref name="end of cold war"/>

The Soviets, during the lease to India, would regularly inspect the submarine and handle the [[nuclear fuel]]. The Soviet media stated that the submarine would not carry any nuclear weapons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jiampietro |first=Joseph A. |jstor=23623927 |title=India Leases Soviet Nuclear Submarine |date=March 1988 |journal=Arms Control Today |publisher=Arms Control Association |volume=18 |issue=2 |page=27 }}</ref>

=== Transfer to India ===
A new naval base was constructed at [[Visakhapatnam]] with the help of the [[Soviet Union]] for handling the submarine.<ref name=AMP>{{cite book|last=Vijay Sakhuja|title=Asian Maritime Power in the 21st Century: Strategic Transactions : China, India and Southeast Asia|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2011|page=290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoOk887bnvEC&dq=INS+Chakra+Charlie+class&pg=PA290|isbn=9789814311090|date=2011}}</ref> An Indian crew reached a training centre at Kirova for a two-year training course. The Indian Ambassador, Nurul Hasan, visited the Indian crew during this time.<ref name=warintheindianocean>{{cite book|last=Mihir K. Roy|title=War in the Indian Ocean|year=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=India|pages=120–124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&dq=INS+Chakra+Charlie+class&pg=PA121|isbn=9781897829110}}</ref>

== Operational history ==
The submarine was built between 1964 and 1967 and was commissioned into the [[Soviet navy]] on 5 November 1967. After returning to the Soviet Union after its lease to India, it continued to be in service with the Soviet Navy and was finally decommissioned on 30 July 1992 and sold for scrap.<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002"/>

=== Service in the Indian Navy ===
{{other ships|INS Chakra}}

The submarine left for India on 5 January 1988 from [[Vladivostok]] and was commissioned into the Indian Navy on the same day. [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] [[R. N. Ganesh]] was the commissioning commanding officer of the boat. It passed through the [[South China Sea]] and [[Malacca Strait]] where it was escorted by an Indian [[frigate]], {{INS|Dunagiri|F36|6}}.<ref name=transitiontoeminence>{{cite book|last=G. M. Hiranandani|title=Transition to Eminence: The Indian Navy 1976–1990|year=2005|publisher=Lancer Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1WxI9TlAxIQC&dq=INS+Chakra&pg=PA114-IA5|isbn=9788170622666}}</ref> It was constantly tracked by American and Australian [[P-3 Orion]] aircraft throughout the journey. It arrived at [[Visakhapatnam]] on 3 February 1988.<ref name="warintheindianocean"/> The submarine was welcomed by the [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]], the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]] [[K. C. Pant]], the [[Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy|Chief of Naval Staff]] [[Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni]], and the commander of [[Eastern Naval Command]], [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] S. C. Chopra, who sailed in the submarine into the sea.<ref name="warintheindianocean"/><ref name="transitiontoeminence"/>

''Chakra'' took part in the [[President's fleet review]] of 15 February 1989 at [[Mumbai]] when it was watched by millions of Indians on television. Transfer of the submarine gained widespread coverage in the international media with ''[[Time Magazine]]'' calling India an "Awakening Power", while the [[Washington Post]] called it an "Oriental Bully".<ref name="warintheindianocean"/>

Contrary to popular perception, the ''Chakra'' was partially manned and control by the Soviet crew,<ref name="Indian Defence Year Book"/> who reportedly did not allow Indians into the missile room and into the reactor compartment despite repeated Indian requests and efforts, the soviets refused. The submarine also encountered multiple equipment failures and corrosions due to operating in the hot,humid and saline waters of the [[Indian Ocean]]. The quality of spare parts and services from the Soviet Navy was lackluster, with serveral batches beign sent with poor quality controls, leading to a fire while docked.This incident is believed to be a reason for the termination of the contract after 3 years by India.<ref name="David Miller 2002 393"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Aritra |date=2021-12-06 |title=India’s 1st Nuclear Submarine INS Chakra Was A Highly Classified Project; Crew Recount Gruelling Russian Experience |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/indias-1st-nuclear-submarine-ins-chakra-was-a-highly-classified-project/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=EURASIAN TIMES |language=en-US}}</ref>

The ''Chakra'' served in both the Eastern and [[Western Naval Command|Western Commands]] during her service.<ref name="transitiontoeminence"/> As the lease agreement ended, ''Chakra'' departed to the Soviet Union from Visakhapatnam on 16 December 1990 and was escorted by {{INS|Savitri|P53|6}} throughout its journey. She reached Vladivostok on January 5 1991 following which she was recommisioned into the Soviet Navy. The ageing submarine sailed to [[Kamchatka Peninsula|Kamchatka]] for decommissioning in 1992.<ref name="transitiontoeminence"/>

During her carrear with the Indian Navy,she had sailed over 72,000 miles with over 430 days spent at sea and had fired five missiles and 42 torpedoes.For the longer term, the lease of ''Chakra'' reportedly helped India gain first-hand experience in handling a nuclear submarine that helped them build the {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|4}} of nuclear submarines in 2010s.<ref name="Pradeep Barua 2005"/><ref name=":0" />

==See also==
*[[India-Soviet Union relations|India-Soviet Union Relations]]
*[[Submarines of the Indian Navy]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last1=Polmar|first1=Norman|last2=Noot|first2=Jurrien|title=Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990|year=1991 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-87021-570-1|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book |last1=Vilches Alarcón |first1=Alejandro A. |title=From Juliettes to Yasens: Development and Operational History of Soviet Cruise-Missile Submarines |date=2022 |publisher=Helion & Co. |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-915070-68-5|series=Europe @ War (22)}}

{{Charlie class submarine}}
{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:K-43}}
[[Category:Submarines of the Soviet Navy]]
[[Category:Charlie-class submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built by Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]

Sister Midnight

2026-02-21T04:24:09Z

Umaiordarame: starting new details - done

{{Short description|2024 comedy horror film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Sister Midnight.jpg
| alt =
| caption = UK theatrical release poster
| director = [[Karan Kandhari]]
| writer = Karan Kandhari
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Alastair Clark
* Anna Griffin}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Radhika Apte]]
* [[Ashok Pathak]]
* [[Chhaya Kadam]]
* [[Smita Tambe]]
}}
| cinematography = Sverre Sørdal
| editing = Napoleon Stratogiannakis
| music = [[Paul Banks (American singer)|Paul Banks]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Film4 Productions|Film4]]
* [[British Film Institute|BFI]]
* Wellington Films
* Griffin Pictures
}}
| distributor = [[Altitude Film Distribution]] (UK)
| released = {{Film date|2024|05|19|[[2024 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|df=yes|2025|03|14|UK|2025|05|30|India}}
| runtime = 110 minutes
| country = {{Plainlist|
* United Kingdom
* Sweden
* India
}}
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = $316,036<ref name="Box Office Mojo">{{Cite Box Office Mojo |title=Sister Midnight (2024) |id=32060445 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=July 18, 2025 |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt32060445/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Numbers">{{Cite The Numbers |title=Sister Midnight (2025) – Financial Information |id=Sister Midnight-(2025) |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=July 18, 2025 |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Sister-Midnight-(2025-United-Kingdom)#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''''Sister Midnight''''' is a 2024 [[Dark humor|dark comedy]] film directed and written by [[Karan Kandhari]] in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Radhika Apte]] as a woman who is dragged into an unhappy arranged marriage and experiences chaotic events.

The film had its world premiere at the [[2024 Cannes Film Festival]] during its [[Directors' Fortnight]] section on 19 May 2024. It was nominated at the [[78th British Academy Film Awards|78th BAFTA Awards]] for [[BAFTA Award for Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer|Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer]].<ref>{{cite news |title=BAFTA Awards 2025: Sandhya Suri's Santosh, Karan Kandhari's Sister Midnight nominated alongside Dev Patel's Monkey Man |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/bafta-awards-2025-sandhya-suris-santosh-karan-kandharis-sister-midnight-nominated-alongside-dev-patels-monkey-man-101736944249581.html |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Films by Indian-origin filmmakers earn top nods at BAFTA Awards 2025|url=https://asianews.network/films-by-indian-origin-filmmakers-earn-top-nods-at-bafta-awards-2025/|access-date=17 January 2025 |work=[[Asia News Network]]}}</ref> The film was released theatrically in India on 30 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=Radhika Apte embraces risk with Sister Midnight, hopes film releases uncut in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/radhika-apte-sister-midnight-film-release-uncut-india-2733296-2025-05-30 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Premise==
A woman is transformed into a disturbing and ruthless figure after entering an arranged marriage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=2025-03-16 |title=Sister Midnight review – deliciously macabre Mumbai marriage-gone-wrong black comedy. |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/mar/16/sister-midnight-review-karan-kandhari-radhika-apte-marriage-gone-wrong-mumbai-black-comedy |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |date=2025-03-12 |title=Sister Midnight review – Mumbai-set comic horror finds the terror in arranged marriage |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/mar/12/sister-midnight-review-mumbai-set-comic-horror-finds-the-terror-in-arranged-marriage |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Radhika Apte]] as Uma
*[[Ashok Pathak]] as Gopal
*[[Chhaya Kadam]] as Sheetal
*[[Smita Tambe]] as Reshma
*Subhash Chandra as Sher Singh

==Production==
In 2022, the project received a £1.03 million production grant from the [[British Film Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/the-bfis-10-biggest-production-awards-of-2022/5177704.article|title=The BFI's 10 biggest production awards of 2022|work=[[Screen Daily]]|date=28 December 2022|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Mona|last=Tabbara|archive-date=26 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526044632/https://www.screendaily.com/features/the-bfis-10-biggest-production-awards-of-2022/5177704.article|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot on [[Kodak]] and [[Panavision]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afcinema.com/Sverre-Sordal-FNF-talks-about-the-shooting-of-Sister-Midnight-by-Karan-Kandhari.html?lang=en|title=Sverre Sørdal, FNF, talks about the shooting of "Sister Midnight", by Karan Kandhari|work=[[French Society of Cinematographers]]|date=22 May 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024}}</ref>

===Filming===
Filming took place almost entirely on location in Mumbai between February and April 2023, including slum exteriors, a purpose-built wooden shack for interior scenes, and real public spaces such as train stations and [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]]. A brief sequence featuring a samurai warrior was shot in [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web
|title=Sister Midnight: A Contemporary Indian Fable Shot on Kodak 16mm
|url=https://www.kodak.com/en/motion/blog-post/sister-midnight/
|website=Kodak
|date=11 June 2024
|access-date=22 July 2025
}}</ref>

==Release==
''Sister Midnight'' had its world premiere at the [[2024 Cannes Film Festival]], during the [[Directors' Fortnight]] section, on 19 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/cannes-directors-fortnight-2024-lineup-1235865723/|title=Cannes Directors' Fortnight Lineup Unveiled|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=16 April 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Scott|last=Roxborough|archive-date=16 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716200650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/cannes-directors-fortnight-2024-lineup-1235865723/|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to, sales company Protagonist Pictures boarded the film's worldwide sales.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/protagonist-pictures-boards-cannes-directors-fortnight-title-sister-midnight-unveils-first-look-exclusive/5192612.article|title=Protagonist Pictures boards Cannes Directors' Fortnight title 'Sister Midnight'; unveils first look (exclusive)|work=Screen Daily|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Mona|last=Tabbara|archive-date=11 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211164234/https://www.screendaily.com/news/protagonist-pictures-boards-cannes-directors-fortnight-title-sister-midnight-unveils-first-look-exclusive/5192612.article|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2024, [[Altitude Film Distribution]] secured the film's distribution rights in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/uks-altitude-adds-emmanuelle-sister-midnight-im-still-here-to-ramped-up-distribution-slate-exclusive/5195564.article|title=UK's Altitude adds 'Emmanuelle', 'Sister Midnight', 'I'm Still Here' to ramped-up distribution slate (exclusive)|work=Screen Daily|date=18 July 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Mona|last=Tabbara}}</ref> In October 2024, [[Magnet Releasing]] acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/sister-midnight-movie-acquired-magnet-releasing-2025-1236148415/|title=Magnet Releasing Takes U.S. Rights To Karan Kandhari's Cannes Directors' Fortnight Selection 'Sister Midnight'|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=24 October 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Matt|last=Grobar}}</ref> The film was released theatrically in India on 30 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=Radhika Apte embraces risk with Sister Midnight, hopes film releases uncut in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/radhika-apte-sister-midnight-film-release-uncut-india-2733296-2025-05-30 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|98|7.5|80|consensus=Mocking the pressures of matrimony with a sly wink, ''Sister Midnight'' is a thrilling genre-bender that's impossible to predict.|ref=yes|access-date=21 May 2025}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sister Midnight |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sister_midnight |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> {{Metacritic film prose|1=75|2=19}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/sister-midnight|title=Sister Midnight|website=Metacritic|accessdate=24 September 2025}}</ref> The film has been noted for its unique narrative and striking visual style, marking a significant contribution to Hindi-language independent cinema.

===Accolades===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Date of ceremony
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Recipient(s)
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row"|[[Cannes Film Festival]]
| [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|25 May 2024]]
| [[Caméra d'Or]]
| rowspan="4"|[[Karan Kandhari]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinemadedemain.festival-cannes.com/en/2024/the-2024-camera-dor-who-are-the-contenders/|title=The 2024 Caméra d'or: who are the contenders?|work=Cinéma de Demain|date=8 May 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007094010/https://cinemadedemain.festival-cannes.com/en/2024/the-2024-camera-dor-who-are-the-contenders/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Fantastic Fest]]
| [[Fantastic Fest#2024|24 September 2024]]
| Next Wave – Best Feature
| {{won}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/fantastic-fest-2024-winners-list-bring-them-down-sister-midnight/|title=Barry Keoghan's 'Bring Them Down' Wins Best Picture, Main Competition at Fantastic Fest {{!}} Exclusive|work=[[TheWrap]]|date=24 September 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Drew|last=Taylor}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Hawaii International Film Festival]]
| 12 October 2024
| [[NETPAC Award]]
| {{won}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.honolulumagazine.com/hawaii-international-film-festival-2024-awards/|title=Local Filmmakers Win Big as HIFF44's Awards Are Announced|work=[[Honolulu (magazine)|Honolulu]]|date=17 October 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Katrina|last=Valcourt}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Zurich Film Festival]]
| 13 October 2024
| Golden Eye Award
| {{nom}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/zurich-film-festival-2024-winners-list-1236114381/|title=Zurich Film Festival 2024 Winners — Full List|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=12 October 2024|accessdate=14 December 2024|first=Glenn|last=Garner}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="4"|[[British Independent Film Awards]]
| rowspan="4"|[[British Independent Film Awards 2024|8 December 2024]]
| Best Lead Performance
| [[Radhika Apte]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center" rowspan="4"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/bifa-unveils-2024-nominations/5198855.article|title='Kneecap', 'Love Lies Bleeding', 'The Outrun' lead Bifa 2024 nominations|work=Screen Daily|date=5 November 2024|first=Ben|last=Dalton|accessdate=14 December 2024|archive-date=4 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204060700/https://www.screendaily.com/news/bifa-unveils-2024-nominations/5198855.article|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Best Music Supervision
| Kle Savidge
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[British Independent Film Award – The Douglas Hickox Award|Douglas Hickox Award (Best Debut Director)]]
|rowspan="3"| Karan Kandhari
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[British Independent Film Award for Best Debut Screenwriter|Best Debut Screenwriter]]
| {{nom}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[British Academy Film Awards]]
|[[78th British Academy Film Awards|16 February 2025]]
|[[BAFTA Award for Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer|Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer]]
|{{nom}}
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |title=BAFTA 2025: All We Imagine As Light Nominated For Best Foreign Film; Indian Films Monkey Man, Santosh, Sister Midnight Lead Nominations|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bafta-2025-all-we-imagine-as-light-nominated-for-best-foreign-film-indian-films-monkey-man-santosh-sister-midnight-lead-nominations|access-date=15 January 2025|work=[[Free Press Journal]]|date=15 January 2025|first=Shefali|last=Fernandes}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt32060445}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes|m/sister_midnight|Sister Midnight}}

[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2024 English-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films about marriage]]
[[Category:British Film Institute films]]
[[Category:Film4 Productions films]]
[[Category:2024 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 black comedy films]]
[[Category:British comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Swedish comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:British black comedy films]]
[[Category:Swedish black comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by PVR Inox Pictures]]

Governor

2026-02-19T22:14:56Z

Umaiordarame: minor changes

{{short description|Governing official}}
{{other uses|Governor (disambiguation)}}
{{Executive}}
{{Wiktionary|governor|governess|gubernatorial}}
A '''governor''' is an [[politician|administrative leader]] and head of a [[polity]] or [[Region#Political regions|political region]], in some cases, such as [[governor-general|governors-general]], as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the [[public law]]s in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is '''gubernatorial''', from the Latin root ''gubernare''. In a [[federated state]], the governor may serve as head of state and [[head of government]] for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19960710|title=Penguin Random House|website=PenguinRandomhouse.com|access-date=2009-03-13|archive-date=2006-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827152408/http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19960710|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Ancient empires==
===Pre-Roman empires===
Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the [[ancient Rome|Romans]], the term ''governor'' has been a convenient term for historians to describe similar systems in [[ancient history|antiquity]]. Indeed, many regions of the pre-Roman antiquity were ultimately replaced by Roman 'standardized' provincial governments after their conquest by Rome. Plato used the metaphor of turning the [[Ship of State]] with a rudder; the Latin word for rudder is [[Gubernaculum (classical)|gubernaculum]].

===Ancient Egypt===
{{Main|Haty-a}}
In Pharaonic times, the governors of each of the various provinces in the kingdoms of [[Upper and Lower Egypt]] (called [[Nome (Egypt)|"nomes"]] by the Greeks, and whose names often alluded to local patterns of religious worship) are usually known by the Greek word "[[nomarch]]," which was later used by historians. Similarly, the term "''[[Haty-a]]"'' (governor, mayor, overseer of priests, or overseer of the god's house) was referenced in inscriptions found in tombs, including those of [[Ankhtifi]] and [[Djefaihapi]]. The [[Early Dynastic Period of Egypt|Early Dynastic Period]] saw the establishment of the institution of nomarchs, who were first appointed by the pharaoh to guarantee allegiance, but by the late [[Old Kingdom of Egypt|Old Kingdom]], these positions had become hereditary, promoting regional autonomy that grew during the [[First Intermediate Period of Egypt|First Intermediate Period]] and weakened central authority.

===Pre- and Hellenistic satraps===
* [[Medes|Media]] and Achaemenid [[Persian Empire|Persia]] introduced the satrapy, probably inspired by the Assyrian / Babylonian examples
* [[Alexander the Great]] and equally Hellenistic [[diadoch]] kingdoms, mainly [[Seleucids]] (greater Syria) and [[Lagids]] ('Ptolemies' in Hellenistic Egypt)
* in later [[Persia]], again under Iranian dynasties:
** [[Parthia]]
** the [[Sassanid]] dynasty dispensed with the office after Shapur I (who had still 7 of them), replacing them with petty vassal rulers, known as ''shahdar''s

===Ancient Rome===
{{main|Roman governor}}

From the creation of the earliest Roman subject provinces, a governor was appointed each year to administer each of them. The core function of a Roman governor was as a [[magistrate]] or judge, and the management of taxation and the public spending in their area.

Under the Republic and the early Empire, however, a governor also commanded military forces in his province. Republican governors were all men who had served in senior magistracies (the [[consul]]ate or [[praetor]]ship) in Rome in the previous year, and carried related titles as governor (''proconsul'' or ''[[promagistrate|propraetor]]''). The first emperor, Octavianus Augustus (who acquired or settled a number of new territories; officially his style was republican: [[Princeps civitatis]]), divided the provinces into two categories; the traditionally prestigious governorships remained as before (in what have become known as "senatorial" provinces), while in a range of others, he retained the formal governorship himself, delegating the actual task of administration to appointees (usually with the title ''legatus Augusti''). The ''legatus'' sometimes would appoint a [[prefect]] (later [[procurator (Roman)|procurator]]), usually a man of [[Equestrian (Roman)|equestrian]] rank, to act as his deputy in a subregion of the larger province: the infamous character of [[Pontius Pilate]] in the Christian [[Gospel]]s was a governor of this sort.

A special case was Egypt, a rich 'private' domain and vital granary, where the emperor almost inherited the theocratic status of a pharaoh. The emperor was represented there by a governor ''sui generis'' styled ''[[praefectus augustalis]]'', a title evoking the [[Imperial cult (ancient Rome)|religious cult of the emperor]].

Emperors Diocletian (see [[Tetrarchy]]) and Constantine in the third and fourth centuries AD carried out a root and branch reorganisation of the administration with two main features:

*Provinces were divided up and became much more numerous (Italy itself, before the 'colonizing homeland', was brought into the system for the first time); they were then grouped into [[Roman diocese|dioceses]], and the dioceses in turn into four [[praetorian prefecture]]s (originally each under a residing co-emperor);
*Military responsibilities were removed from governors and given to new officials called ''[[comes]] rei militaris'' (the comital title was also granted to many court and civilian administrative positions) or ''[[dux]]'', later also ''[[magister militum]]''.

The prestigious governorships of Africa and Asia remained with the title proconsul, and the special right to refer matters directly to the emperor; the ''[[praefectus augustalis]]'' in Alexandria and the ''[[comes Orientis]]'' in Antioch also retained special titles. Otherwise, the governors of provinces had various titles, some known as ''[[consularis]]'', some as ''[[corrector]]'', while others as ''[[praeses]]''. Apart from Egypt and the East (''Oriens'' – ''viz'' greater Syria), each diocese was directed by a governor known as a ''[[vicarius]]''. The prefectures were directed by ''[[praetorian prefect|praefecti praetorio]]'' (greatly transformed in their functions from their role in the [[Principate|early Empire]]).

===Byzantium===
This system survived with few significant changes until the collapse of the empire in the West, and in the East, the breakdown of order with the Persian and Arab invasions of the seventh century. At that stage, a new kind of governor emerged, the [[Strategos]]. It was a role leading the [[Theme (Byzantine district)|themes]] which replaced provinces at this point, involving a return to the amalgamation of civil and military office which had been the practice under the Republic and the early Empire.

===Legacy===
While the Roman administration in the West was largely destroyed in the barbarian invasions, its model was remembered; this model became very influential through two particular vehicles: Roman law and the Christian Church.

==Holy Roman/Habsburg Empires and successor states==
*[[Reichskommissar]]

==Turkish rule==
In the Ottoman Empire, all [[pasha]]s (generals) administered a province of the Great Sultan's vast empire, with specific titles (such as Mutessaryf; Vali or [[Wāli]] which was often maintained and revived in the oriental [[successor state]]s; [[Beylerbey|Beilerbei]] (rendered as ''governor-general'', as he is appointed above several provinces under individual governors) and [[Dey]])

==British Empire and Commonwealth realms==
{{Unbalanced section|date=March 2018}}

{{Further|Governor-general|Governor-in-chief|Deputy governor|Official Secretary to the Governor|Administrator of the Government}}
[[File:Flag of the Governor of Gibraltar.svg|alt=|thumb|Flag of the governor of [[Gibraltar]], 1982–present]]
In the [[British Empire]], a governor was originally an official appointed by the British monarch (or the cabinet) to oversee a [[crown colony]] and was the (sometimes notional) head of the colonial administration. The governors' powers varied from colony to colony, depending on its constitutional setup; while all colonies had a separate court system, the governor only had legislative power in colonies that lacked a [[Legislative Council]] or [[Legislative Assembly]]. The executive powers vested in the governor varied as well; while many colonies had an [[Executive Council (Commonwealth countries)|Executive Council]] to help with the colony's administration, these ranged from presidential cabinet-like bodies that only served as consultative forums without [[collective executive]] powers or functions of their own while the governor had an independent decision-making capacity, to fully fledged [[Ministry (collective executive)|parliamentary ministries]] whose decisions the governor was required to formally execute.

Today, crown colonies of the United Kingdom continue to be administered by governors who hold varying degrees of power. Because of the different [[constitution]]al histories of the former colonies of the [[United Kingdom]], the term ''governor'' now refers to officials with differing amounts of power.

[[Administrator of the Government|Administrator]]s, [[commissioner]]s and [[high commissioner]]s exercise similar powers to governors. (Note: such high commissioners are not to be confused with the high commissioners who are the equivalent of [[ambassador]]s between Commonwealth states).

Frequently the name 'Government House' is given to governors' residences.

:The term can also be used in a more generic sense, especially for compound titles which include it: [[governor-general]] and [[lieutenant-governor]].

===Vice-regal governors===

====United Kingdom overseas territories====
In the United Kingdom's remaining [[crown colony|overseas territories]], the governor is normally a direct appointee of the British government and plays an active role in governing and lawmaking (though usually with the [[Advice (constitutional)|advice]] of elected local representatives). The governor's chief responsibility is for the defence and external affairs of the colony.

In some minor overseas territories, instead of a governor, there is an [[Administrator of the Government|administrator]] or [[commissioner]], or the position is held ''[[ex officio]]'' by a [[High Commissioner]].

==== Australia ====
{{main|Governors of the Australian states}}

In [[Australia]], each state has the governor as its formal representative of the sovereign, as head of the state government. It is not a political office but a ceremonial one. Each state governor is appointed by the [[Australian monarch]] on the advice of the [[premier]], who is the political chief executive of the state government (until 1986, state governors were appointed by the [[British monarch]] on the advice of the British government). State governors have emergency reserve powers but these are rarely used. The [[States and territories of Australia|territories]] of Australia other than the ACT have [[Administrator (Australia)|administrators]] instead of governors, who are appointed formally by the [[governor-general]]. The governor-general is the representative of and appointed by the [[king of Australia]] sovereign at a federal level on the advice of the [[prime minister of Australia]].

As with the [[Governor-General of Australia|governors-general of Australia]] and other Commonwealth realms, state governors usually exercise their power only on the advice of a government minister.

==== Canada ====
In [[Canada]], there are governors at the federal and provincial levels of government who, within their jurisdictions, act as representatives of the [[king of Canada]], who is Canada's head of state. The federal governor is the [[governor general of Canada]], and the governor of each province is the [[Lieutenant governor (Canada)|lieutenant governor]]. The governor general is appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the [[prime minister of Canada]], whereas the lieutenant governors are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The role of the governor general and of the lieutenant governors in Canada is largely ceremonial, although they do retain the authority to exercise reserve powers in exceptional circumstances.

Each of the three territories is headed by a [[Commissioner#Canadian territories|commissioner]] appointed by the federal [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]]. Unlike provincial [[Lieutenant governor (Canada)|lieutenant governors]], they are not representatives of the sovereign but rather are representatives of the federal government.

==== British Hong Kong (1841–1997) ====
In the colonial period of [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], the [[Governor of Hong Kong|governor]] was the representative of the sovereign from 1843, which was the year that the authorities and duties of the post were officially defined by the [[Hong Kong Letters Patent]] and the [[Hong Kong Royal Instructions|Royal Instructions]], until the [[Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong|handover]] of Hong Kong to the [[China|PRC government]] in 1997. Each governor was appointed by [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|the monarch]] and possessed significant powers such as the power of appointing lawmakers in the [[legislative council]], the power to grant land, the power of veto over [[Bill (law)|bills]] and [[Motion (parliamentary procedure)|motions]], the power of [[pardon]], etc. At the same time, the governor was also the head of the colonial [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]], the chairman of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong|Executive Council]], the president of the Legislative Council (until 1993), as well as the commander-in-chief of the [[British Forces Overseas Hong Kong|British Forces in Hong Kong]].

====New Zealand====
The [[governor-general of New Zealand]] is always the governor of the [[Ross Dependency]], an Antarctic sector which is claimed by the [[Realm of New Zealand]].

====Within the United Kingdom====
Within the [[United Kingdom]] itself, there was a position of [[Governor of Northern Ireland]] from 1922 until the suspension of the devolved [[Parliament of Northern Ireland]] in 1973.

====Within England====
From the 16th century until 1995, there was a [[governor of the Isle of Wight]], part of [[England]]. Since the reign of [[Henry VIII]], the monarch has borne the title of [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]].

==Other colonial empires==
European powers other than the United Kingdom, with colonies in Asia, Africa and elsewhere, gave their top representatives in their colonies the title of governor. Those representatives could be from chartered companies that ruled the colonies. In some of these colonies, there are still officials called governors.

See:
*[[Danish colonial empire]]
*[[Dutch Empire]]
*[[Empire of Japan]]
*[[French colonial empire]]
*[[German colonial empire]]
*[[Italian Empire]]
*[[Portuguese Empire]]
*[[Spanish Empire]]
*[[Swedish overseas colonies]]

==Russia and former Soviet Union==
In the [[Russian Empire]], the governorate ([[guberniya]]) and governorate-general were the main units of territorial and administrative subdivision since the reforms of [[Peter the Great]]. These were governed by a governor and governor-general respectively.

A special case was the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] Zone, which was governed as a [[concession (territory)|concession]] granted by [[Late Imperial China|Imperial China]] to the Russian 'Chinese Eastern Railway Society' (in Russian ''Obshchestvo Kitayskoy Vostochnoy Zheleznoy Dorogi''; established on 17 December 1896 in [[St. Petersburg]], later moved to [[Vladivostok]]), which built 1,481 km of tracks (Tarskaya – Hilar – Harbin – Nikolsk-Ussuriski; 3 November 1901 traffic opened) and established on 16 May 1898 the new capital city, [[Harbin]]; in August 1898, the defense for Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) across [[northeast China]] was assumed by Russia (first under Priamur governor).

On July 1, 1903, the Chinese Eastern Railway was opened and given authority of its own CER Administration (Russian: ''Upravleniye KVZhD''), vested in the Directors of the Chinese Eastern Railway, with the additional quality of Governors of the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone (in Harbin; as such being August 12, 1903 – July 1, 1905 subordinated to the imperial Viceroyalty of the Far East, see [[Lüshunkou]]). The post continued to function despite various political changes until after [[World War II]].

Some of the administrative [[subdivisions of Russia]] are headed by governors, while others are headed by presidents or heads of administration. From 1991 to 2005, they were elected by popular vote and from 2005 to 2012, they were appointed by the federal president and confirmed by the province's legislature. After the debate, conducted by [[State Duma]] in April 2012, the [[direct elections]] of governors were expected to be restored.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.pravda.ru/russia/politics/24-04-2012/121184-gubernatorial_elections-0/|title=Gubernatorial elections to return to Russia this autumn |publisher =Pravda.ru|access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref>

==Other European countries and empires==

===Austria===
A [[Landeshauptmann]] ([[German language|German]] for "state captain" or "state governor", literally 'country headman'; plural ''Landeshauptleute'' or ''Landeshauptmänner'' as in [[Styria]] till 1861; ''Landeshauptfrau'' is the female form) is an official title in German for certain political offices equivalent to a governor. It has historical uses, both administrative and colonial, and is now used in federal [[Austria]] and in [[South Tyrol]], a majority German-speaking province of Italy adjacent to [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]].

===Benelux monarchies===
* In the [[Netherlands]], the government-appointed heads of the provinces were known as ''Gouverneur'' from 1814 until 1850, when their title was changed to ''King's'' (or ''Queen's'') ''Commissioner''. In the southern province of [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]], however, the commissioner is still informally called ''Governor''.
* In the Dutch crown's Caribbean Overseas territories ([[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]] and [[Sint Maarten]]), the style governor is still used, alongside the political head of government.
* In [[Belgium]], each of the [[Provinces of Belgium|ten provinces]] has a governor, appointed by the regional government. He represents not only the regional but also the federal government in the province. He controls the local governments and is responsible for law and order, security and emergency action. The national capital of [[Brussels]], which is not part of a province, also has [[Governor of the Administrative Arrondissement Brussels-Capital|a governor]] with nearly the same competencies.

===France===
During the [[Ancien Régime in France]], the representative of the king in his [[Provinces of France|provinces]] and cities was the '''''gouverneur'''''. Royal officers were chosen from the highest [[French nobility|nobility]], and provincial and city governors (oversight of provinces and cities was frequently combined) were predominantly military positions in charge of defense and policing. Provincial governors{{spaced ndash}}also called "[[Lieutenant-General (France)|lieutenant general]]s"{{spaced ndash}}also had the ability to convoke provincial [[parlement]]s, provincial estates and municipal bodies. The title "gouverneur" first appeared under [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]]. The ordinance of Blois of 1579 reduced their number to 12, but an ordinance of 1779 increased their number to 39 (18 first-class governors, 21 second-class governors). Although in principle, they were the king's representatives and their charges could be revoked at the king's will, some governors had installed themselves and their heirs as a provincial dynasty. The governors were at the height of their power from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 17th century, but their role in provincial unrest during the civil wars led [[Cardinal Richelieu]] to create the more tractable positions of [[intendant]]s of finance, policing and justice, and in the 18th century the role of provincial governors was greatly curtailed.

===Germany===
Until 1933, the term ''Landeshauptmann'' (state governor) was used in [[Prussia]] for the head of government of a [[province]],<ref name="DDN">[[Duden]]; Definition of Landeshauptmann, in German. [http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Landeshauptmann] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030013801/http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Landeshauptmann|date=2015-10-30}}</ref> In the modern-day states of Germany, the counterpart to ''Landeshauptmann'' is the ''Ministerpräsident'' (minister-president). In the present [[States of Germany|German states]] of [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Free State of Bavaria|Bavaria]], [[Hesse]], and [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] there are – and earlier in more German states there were – sub-state administrative regions called in {{langx|de|[[Regierungsbezirk]]}}, which is sometimes translated into English as governorate. Thus its respective head, in {{langx|de|Regierungspräsident}}, is also translated as governor.

===Greece===
[[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] was the first (and, with the exception of the short tenure of his younger brother [[Augustinos Kapodistrias]], the only) [[List of heads of state of Greece|head of state of Greece]] to bear the title of governor.

===Italy===
*The essentially [[Stato da Mar|maritime empire]] of the Venetian republic, comprising Terra Firma, other Adriatic (mainly Istria and Dalmatia) and further Mediterranean (mainly Greek) possessions, used different styles, such as ''(castelleno e) [[provveditore]]'' (''generale'') or ''baile''.
*In the fascist regime there was the governor of the colonies of the [[Italian colonial empire]].
*In today's Italy, the official name of a head of a [[Regione]] (the Italian subnational entity) is ''Presidente della Giunta regionale'' (President of the regional executive council). Since 2000, when a constitutional reform decided the direct election of the president by the people, out of perceived analogy with the US equivalent, there has been a practice among journalists to call the official ''governatore/governatrice'' (governor), although other people would normally prefer to use ''presidente/presidentessa della Regione'' (Regional president) informally.
*In the various Italian provinces (former principalities and city-states) that became amalgamated as the Papal States, the Holy See exerted temporal power via its [[papal legate|legate]]s and [[Delegate Apostolic|delegates]], including some cardinals
*Also in [[Avignon]] and the surrounding southern French [[Comtat Venaissin]], the home of the popes during their 'Babylonian exile', and retained centuries after, but never incorporated into the [[Papal States]], [[Papal legate|legates]] and vice-legates were appointed.
*The sovereign modern remnant of the formerly large Papal States, the tiny Vatican City State, is now a mere enclave in Rome, the capital of [[Italian Republic]]. As it is too small to have further administrative-territorial divisions, it is the equivalent of a prime minister, governor and mayor all rolled into one post, styled the [[Governor of Vatican City]].

==Other modern Asian countries==

===China===
{{main|Governor (People's Republic of China)}}

In the [[People's Republic of China]], the title ''Governor'' ({{lang-zh|c=省长|p=shěngzhǎng}}) refers to the highest ranking executive of a [[Province of China|provincial]] government. The governor is usually placed second in the provincial power hierarchy, below the [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|secretary]] of the provincial [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) committee (省委书记), who serves as the highest ranking party official in the province. Governors are elected by the provincial congresses and approved by the provincial party chief.<ref name=cn1>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-01/18/content_11874428.htm |title=Liu Weiping elected governor of Gansu province |publisher=Chinadaily.com.cn |date=2011-01-18 |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-date=2013-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606195020/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-01/18/content_11874428.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=cn2>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-01/24/content_6419124.htm |title=Zhou Qiang re-elected governor of Hunan Province |publisher=Chinadaily.com.cn |date=2008-01-24 |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-date=2013-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606145314/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-01/24/content_6419124.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unescap.org/huset/lgstudy/country/china/china.html#evolve |title=Local Government in Asia and the Pacific – China |publisher=Unescap.org |date=1997-07-01 |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628104013/http://www.unescap.org/huset/lgstudy/country/china/china.html#evolve |archive-date=2012-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> All governors are not locals in the provinces which they govern.<ref name=cepp>{{cite book|title= China's elite politics: political transition and power balancing|series=Series on contemporary China|author=Zhiyue Bo|publisher =World Scientific|year= 2007|ISBN= 9789812700414|page=385}}</ref>

The title can be also used while referring to a [[County (People's Republic of China)|county]] governor (县长).

===India===
{{Main|Governor (India)}}

In [[India]], each state has a ceremonial governor appointed by the [[president of India]]. These governors are different from the governors who controlled the British-controlled portions of the Indian Empire (as opposed to the princely states) prior to 1947.

A governor is the head of a state in India. Generally, a governor is appointed for each state, but after the 7th Constitutional Amendment, of 1956, one governor can be appointed for more than one state.

===Indonesia===
{{See also|List of current governors in Indonesia}}
In [[Indonesia]], the title ''gubernur'' refers to the highest-ranking executive of a [[Provinces of Indonesia|provincial]] government. The governor and the vice governor are elected by a direct vote from the people as a couple candidate, so the governor is responsible to the provincial residents. The governor has a term of five years to work in office and can be re-elected for another single period. In case of death, disability, or resignation, the vice governor would stand in as acting governor for some time before being inaugurated as the permanent governor.

The elected governor is inaugurated by [[President of Indonesia|the president]], or by the [[Minister of Home Affairs (Indonesia)|Indonesian minister of home affairs]] on behalf of the president. In addition, the governor is the representative of the central government in the province and is responsible to the president. The governor's authority is regulated within Law ({{langx|id|Undang-undang}}) No. 32/2004 and Governmental Ordinance ({{langx|id|Peraturan Pemerintah}}) No. 19/2010.

Principally, the governor has the tasks and the authorities to lead governmental services in the province, based upon the policies that have been made together with the provincial parliament. The governor is not the superordinate of [[regent]]s or [[mayor]]s, but only guides supervises, and coordinates the works of city/municipal and regency governments. In other parts, municipal and regency governments have the right to manage each governance affairs based on the autonomy principle and assistantship duties.

===Japan===
{{Main|Governor (Japan)}}

In [[Japan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22HO067.html|title=地方自治法|access-date=2007-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209183605/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22HO067.html|archive-date=2018-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> the title {{nihongo|''Governor''|知事|chiji}} refers to the highest ranking executive of a [[prefectural]] government. The governor was elected by a direct vote from the people and had a fixed term of four years. There is no restriction on the number of terms a person may serve as governor. The governor holds considerable power within the prefecture, including the ability to veto ordinances that have been passed by the prefecture assembly, as well as control of the prefecture's budget and the power to dissolve the prefecture assembly. The governor can be subjected to a recall referendum. A total of one to four vice governors are appointed by the governor with the approval of the assembly. In the case of the governor's death, disability, or resignation, a vice governor would stand in as governor or acting governor.

See [[List of governors of Japan]] for a list of the current governors.

===Malaysia===
In [[Malaysia]], each of the four non-monarchical states ([[Penang]], [[Malacca]], [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]]) has a ceremonial governor styled ''[[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]'', appointed to a renewable four-year term by the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]], the federal [[King of Malaysia]], on the advice of the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|prime minister]] after consulting the state governments.<ref>{{cite web |title=Appointment Of Persons To Important Posts |url=http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/malaysianmonarchy/?q=en/appointment |publisher=Malaysian Monarchy |access-date=2011-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402004239/http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/malaysianmonarchy/?q=en%2Fappointment |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each of these states has a separate head of government called the ''Ketua Menteri'' or [[chief minister]]. The four Yang di-Pertua Negeri are members of the [[Conference of Rulers]]; however, they cannot participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, discussions related to the privileges of the Malay rulers and matters concerning the observance of Islam.

===Pakistan===
{{See also|List of current Pakistani governors}}

In [[Pakistan]], each of the four provinces has a governor who is appointed by the [[President of Pakistan|president]]. The governor is the representative of the federal in their province and is the ceremonial head of the province whereas the [[chief minister]] is the head of the provincial government. The governor exercises powers similar to the president's, in their respective province.

===Papua New Guinea===
In [[Papua New Guinea]], the leaders of the provinces have been known as governors since August 1995. Previously they were called premiers.

=== Philippines ===
{{See also|List of current Philippine provincial governors}}
In the [[Philippines]], the highest-ranking executive of a [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] is styled ''Governor'' (''Gobernador'' or ''Punong Lalawigan'' in Filipino). The governor is elected by [[Direct election|direct vote]] of the people with a fixed term of three years. A governor can serve only up to a maximum of three consecutive terms. He may, however, be suspended by either the [[Ombudsman of the Philippines|ombudsman]] or the [[President of the Philippines|President]] through the [[Secretary of the Interior and Local Government|secretary of the interior and local government]]. He may be removed by the President if found guilty of an administrative case or a criminal act during his tenure. He may be subjected to a [[recall vote]], but unlike a referendum, the voters elect the governor of their choice. In case of death, disability, resignation, forced removal, or suspension, the [[vice governor]], elected separately in the same election for governor, succeeds as governor, or acting governor, as the case may be.

During both the [[History of the Philippines (1565–1898)|Spanish]] and [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American colonial periods]], as well as during the [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Japanese occupation]] of [[World War II]], the chief executive of the Philippines was the [[Governor-general of the Philippines]].

The highest ranking executive of the former [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] was called ''regional governor,'' elected for a term of three years and if vacating office, replaced by a regional vice-governor. [[Bangsamoro]], its replacement, has the [[Wa'lī of Bangsamoro|''Wa'lī'']] (Arabic for "governor") as ceremonial head of the region, elected by [[Bangsamoro Parliament|parliament]] for a six-year term.

===Sri Lanka===
{{Main|Governor of Ceylon|Provincial governors of Sri Lanka}}

The provincial councils of the nine provinces of [[Sri Lanka]] are headed by governors, as representatives of the [[President of Sri Lanka|president]]. Prior to 1948, in Ceylon (former name for Sri Lanka), the [[governor of Ceylon]] was the head of the [[British Ceylon|British colony]].

===Thailand===
In [[Thailand]], the title ''Governor'' (ผู้ว่าราชการ ''Phuwa Ratcha Gaan'' in Thai) refers to the administrator of each [[Provinces of Thailand|Thai province]], who is appointed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The only exception is the specially governed district of [[Bangkok]], whose governor is elected by its population.

==Other modern countries in North America==

===United States=== 
{{main|Governor (United States)}}

In the [[United States]], the title "Governor" refers to the head of each [[U.S. state|state]] or [[United States insular area|insular territory]]. Governors retain sovereign power over [[executive (government)|executive]] and [[judiciary]], are subordinate to the [[president of the United States]] and laws provided by the [[enumerated powers]] section of the federal constitution, and serve as the political and ceremonial head of the state. Nearly three-fourths of the states (36) hold gubernatorial elections in the same years as [[United States midterm election|midterm elections]] (two years offset from presidential elections). Eleven states hold them in the same years as presidential elections ([[Vermont]] and [[New Hampshire]] hold elections every two years in every even-numbered year), while the remaining five hold them in odd-numbered years (two in the year after a presidential election, three in the year before).

In colonial North America, governors were chosen in a variety of ways, depending on how the colony was organized. In the [[crown colony|crown colonies]] of Great Britain, France, and Spain, the governor was chosen by the ruling monarch of the colonizing power or his designees; in British colonies, the [[Board of Trade]] was often the primary decision maker. Colonies based on a corporate charter, such as the [[Connecticut Colony]] and the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], elected their own governors based on rules spelt out in the charter or other colonial legislation. In [[Proprietary colony|proprietary colonies]], such as the [[Province of Carolina]] before it became a crown colony (and was divided into [[Province of North Carolina|North]] and [[Province of South Carolina|South]]), governors were chosen by the [[Lords Proprietor]] who controlled the colony. In the early years of the [[American Revolutionary War]], eleven of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] evicted (with varying levels of violence) royal and proprietary governors. The other two colonies ([[Connecticut]] and [[Rhode Island]]) had corporate charters; Connecticut Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]] was governor before and during the war period, while in Rhode Island, Governor [[Joseph Wanton]] was removed from office in 1775 for failing to support the rebel war effort.

Before achieving statehood, many of the fifty states were [[Territories of the United States|territories]]. Administered by the federal government, they had governors who were appointed by the [[President of the United States|president]] and confirmed by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] rather than elected by the resident population.

===Mexico===
{{main|List of Mexican state governors}}

In [[Mexico]], ''governor'' refers to the elected leader of each of the nation's thirty-one [[States of Mexico|Free and Sovereign States]] with the official [[Spanish language|Spanish]] title being ''Gobernador''. Mexican governors are directly elected by the citizens of each state for a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.

==Other modern countries in South America==
{{Expand section|date=May 2020}}
Many of the [[South America]]n republics (such as [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]]) have provinces or states run by elected governors, with offices similar in nature to U.S. state governors.

===Brazil===
{{Main|List of current state governors in Brazil}}

Until the [[History of Brazil (1930–1945)|1930 Revolution]], the heads of the Brazilian [[Provinces of Brazil|Provinces]], now called [[States of Brazil|States]], were styled as (provincial/state) presidents (''presidentes''). From 1930 to 1945, they were styled either governors (''governadores'') or, when appointed by the federal government, intervenors (''interventores''). From 1945 on, they have only been called governors.

==Modern equivalents==
As a generic term, ''governor'' is used for various 'equivalent' [[politician]] who are the head of a state or province, rendering other official titles such as:
*[[Minister (government)|Minister]]
*[[Administrator of the government|Administrators]]

This also applies to non-western or antique culture

==Other meanings of the word==
The word ''governor'' refers to a member of ''confederation of governors'' of a ''private sector entity'' who is a shareholder and elected by all of the other shareholders of that private sector entity to be a member of ''confederation of governors'' at a private sector entity (''for profit'' and ''non-profit'').

==See also==
* [[Bey]]
* [[Chief executive (gubernatorial)|Chief executive]]
*[[Chief minister]]
* [[Deputy governor]]
* [[Governorate]]
* [[Governor-in-chief]]
* [[Governor-general]]
* [[Lieutenant governor]]
* [[Premier]]
* [[Viceroy]]
* [[Voivode]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Government occupations]]
[[Category:Gubernatorial titles]]
[[Category:Positions of authority]]
[[Category:Governance of the British Empire]]

Thomas George Rutherford

2026-02-11T05:12:24Z

Umaiordarame: updated details further and corrected details

{{Short description|Governor of Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name =Sir Thomas George Rutherford
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[List of governors of Bihar|Governor of Bihar]]
| appointer =
| nominator =
| termstart = 24 April 1944
| termend = 12 May 1946
| predecessor = [[Francis Mudie|Sir Francis Mudie]]
| successor = Thomas Alexander Stewart
| office2 =
| term2 = 3 February 1943 – 6 September 1943
| predecessor2 = [[Nityanand Kanungo]]
| successor2 = [[Francis Mudie|Sir Francis Mudie]]
| party =
| otherparty =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source =
}}

'''Sir Thomas George Rutherford''', KCSI, CIE (25 September 1886 – 5 August 1957) was a British colonial administrator who served as the [[List of governors of Bihar|governor of Bihar]] from 1944 to 1946.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://governor.bih.nic.in/OldGovernors.htm | title=List of Governors Bihar | publisher=Governor of Bihar | accessdate=4 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="(India)Choudhury1957">{{cite book|author1=Bihar (India)|author2=Pranab Chandra Roy Choudhury|title=Bihar District Gazetteers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rSpuAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=5 January 2021|year=1957|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|page=504}}</ref><ref name="Epstein2016">{{cite book|author=Mortimer Epstein|title=The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndbMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA146|accessdate=5 January 2021|date=27 December 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27072-5|pages=146–}}</ref> Educated at [[George Watson's College]], the [[University of Edinburgh]], and [[University College, London]], Rutherford entered the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1910.<ref>{{Who's Who|id=242583|title=Rutherford, Sir Thomas George|type=was}}</ref> He played a major role in the suppression of the [[Rampa Rebellion of 1922]], which was led by [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=Alluri Sitarama Raju, Unique Revolutionary, Remembered On Rampa Adivasi Revolt's Centenary{{!}} Countercurrents |url=https://countercurrents.org/2022/08/alluri-sitarama-raju-unique-revolutionary-remembered-on-rampa-adivasi-revolts-centenary/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=countercurrents.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Governors of Bihar]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:People educated at George Watson's College]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Picasso (web series)

2026-02-05T18:12:56Z

Umaiordarame: New Info

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Picasso Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Raja Chanda]]
| producer =
| writer = Arnab Bhaumik
| story =
| genre = [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]], [[Crime]]
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Tota Roy Chowdhury]], [[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]], Srijla Guha, Roja Paramita Dey and Deboprasad Halder
| music =
| cinematography = Soumyadipta Vicky Guin
| studio =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|11|30}}
| runtime =
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 5
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| network =
| budget =
}}
'''Picasso''' is a 2023 Indian [[Bengali language]] [[Crime fiction|crime]] and [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[web series]] directed by [[Raja Chanda]]. The series is written by Arnab Bhaumik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tota Roy Chowdhury: রং-তুলি-ছবিতে লুকিয়ে রহস্য, রাজা চন্দের নয়া ওয়েব সিরিজে 'পিকাসো' টোটা... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/tota-roy-chowdhury-is-playing-a-painter-in-raja-chanda-upcoming-thriller-web-series-picasso_490656.html |website=ZeeNews |date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The first look of the KLIKK series Picasso |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-first-look-of-the-klikk-series-picasso/cid/1972370 |website=Telegraphindia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Picasso Web Series: Actor Tota Roy Chowdhury appears as a painter in Klikk's Crime and Thriller 'Picasso' |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/entertainment/picasso-web-series-actor-tota-roy-chowdhury-appears-as-a-painter-in-klikks-crime-and-thriller-picasso |website=BruTimes |language=en}}</ref>

The series starring [[Tota Roy Chowdhury]], [[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]], Srijla Guha, Roja Paramita Dey and Deboprasad Halder.<ref>{{cite web |title=Web Series: ছবি আঁকলেই মৃত্যু! রাজা চন্দের থ্রিলার সিরিজের মুখ্যভূমিকায় টোটা, প্রকাশ্যে প্রথম লুক |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/web-series-tota-roychowdhury-is-doing-a-new-thriller-web-series-named-picasso-know-in-details-1015721 |website=abplive.com |language=bn |date=11 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Goswami |first1=Ranita |title=যাঁরই ছবি আঁকছেন, তাঁরই মৃত্যু হচ্ছে! এই 'পিকাসো' টোটার রহস্যটা কী? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tota-roy-chowdhury-turns-mysterious-painter-picasso-directed-by-raja-chanda-31697007449669.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014090251/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tota-roy-chowdhury-turns-mysterious-painter-picasso-directed-by-raja-chanda-31697007449669.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 October 2023 |website=Hindustantimes |language=bn |date=11 October 2023}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
Journalist Shreya gets disturbing information about a Picasso painter in North Calcutta from her friend Vikram. Picasso received widespread praise for his portraits, but they appear to be linked to unexplained deaths. While investigating a Picasso-related murder, Shreya discovers another death connected to one of the artist's models. It becomes clear as she looks further that Picasso is connected to the killings. There is suspense about the mystery as Shreya's search for the truth collides with Picasso's dark intentions, causing the story to take unexpected turns.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tota Roy Chowdhury: ছবি আঁকতেই একের পর এক মৃত্যু! আসছে টোটার রহস্যেমোড়া 'পিকাসো' |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/ott/story/tota-roy-chowdhury-new-web-series-picasso-thriller-by-raja-chanda-for-klikk-ott-platform-story-of-mysterious-painter-murders-soc-692905-2023-10-11 |publisher=Aaj Tak |language=bn}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Tota Roy Chowdhury]]
*[[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]]
*Srijla Guha
*Roja Paramita Dey
*Deboprasad Halder

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table |background=#E1A371 |total_width=80 |overall= Journalist Shreya gets disturbing information about a Picasso painter in North Calcutta from her friend Vikram. |title=Picasso |director= Raja Chanda|airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Artist-lane
|DirectedBy = [[Raja Chanda]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|30|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Journalist Shreya is under constant pressure at work to find new stories. Picasso is an artist who lives in Artist Lane and has won numerous national awards. Her friend Vikram tells a fascinating story about Picasso. Picasso has spent the last few years isolating himself in his home despite his achievements.
|LineColor = E1A371
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Portrait
|DirectedBy = [[Raja Chanda]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|30|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Picasso, aka Palash Mukherjee, shared a home with his spouse Harida, a housekeeper. He chooses to paint his first portrait one day. He creates a portrait of Harida. Though it worked out wonderfully, destiny has other plans. Harida passed away under mysterious circumstances a few days later. When he chooses to paint his own wife Anuradha months later, she also meets a similar end. In an interview with Shreya, Picasso tells her the entire story of what happened.
|LineColor = E1A371
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Shaktirupeno Sansthita
|DirectedBy = [[Raja Chanda]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|30|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Picasso and Anuradha were deeply in love. Picasso intended Sakthirupeno Sansthita, his wife's portrait, to be his most exclusive work of art. However, history repeats itself, and Anuradha passed away a short while after her painting was completed.
|LineColor = E1A371
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Fanka Canvas
|DirectedBy = [[Raja Chanda]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|30|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = When Vikram's assistant discovers that he has a hidden agenda for bringing Shreya to Picasso's studio, he begins to blackmail him. In contrast, Vikram intends to use blackmail on Picasso and is prepared with a backup plan in case he refuses to comply. Shreya was not aware that all of these people were heading to meet Picasso for the final day's interview.
|LineColor = E1A371
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Photo finish
|DirectedBy = [[Raja Chanda]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|30|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Shreya had only gone to Picasso to report on a murder-related incident. However, there was another incident around this same period in which Picasso had drawn the death of a rising model. Shreya began learning a lot about this story as she investigated it. Picasso is actually the one responsible for the killings. It's unclear, though, why he carried out the killings, Shreya's reasons for chasing Picasso, and the turn the narrative takes.
|LineColor = E1A371
}}
}}

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{Raja Chanda}}

[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:2023 Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Pablo Picasso]]

Jikki discography

2026-02-04T11:00:56Z

Umaiordarame: Put up data

{{Short description|none}}
'''Pillavalu Gajapathi Krishnaveni''' (3 November 1935 – 16 August 2004), popularly known as '''[[Jikki]]''', was an Indian playback singer. She sang mainly in Telugu and Tamil films. She also sang in Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi, and Sinhala languages.

==Discography==
{{Incomplete list|date=October 2009}}



{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:left;"
|-
! width="200"|Song !! width="150"|Film !! width="30"|Year !! width="200"|Music !! width="150"|Lyrics !! width="150"|Co-singer !! width="150"|Actor !! width="75"|Language
|-
| Aadaadha Aatamellam Aaduranga Paaduraanga || ''[[Manamulla Maruthaaram]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Aadamule Natakam || ''[[Sri Tirupatamma Katha]]'' || 1964 || Pamarthi || Sivaramaiah || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || || Telugu
|-
| Aada Vanga Annaththaa || ''[[Chakravarthi Thirumagal]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] & [[P. Leela]] || [[G. Sakunthala]] || Tamil
|-
| Aadharavilla Poongodi || [[Aasai (1956 film)|''Aasai'']] || 1956 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Aadi Paadi Thinam Thedinalum Eesan (Kaadalagi Kasindu Kanneer Malgiye) || [[Kangal (film)|''Kangal'']] || 1953 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Aadippaadi Vilanguka || ''[[Marumakal]]'' || 1952 || P. S. Divakar || [[Abhayadev]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Malayalam
|-
| Aadi Vinnara || ''[[Cherapakura Chedevu]]'' || 1955 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || Ravuri Rangiah || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Aaduva Aaseya || ''[[Makkala Rajya]]'' || 1960 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Kanagal Prabhakar Shastry]] || [[A. P. Komala]] || || Kannada
|-
| Aaduvoma Koodi Kulavi || [[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1956 film)|''Kaalam Maari Pochu'']] || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || Muhavai Rajamanickam || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Aahaahaa Aasai Theera Aadalaame || ''[[Sengottai Singam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Aahaa Naan Indru Arindhukonden || [[Aah (film)|''Avan'']] || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Kambadasan]] || || [[Nargis]] || Tamil
|-
| Aaha Ennai Paar || [[Qaidi (1957 film)|''Magudam Kaattha Mangai'']] || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || T. A. Mothi || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Aalasimpakoyi Aadharinthimuyi || ''[[Kanakathara]]'' || 1956 || [[Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao]] || || || || Telugu
|-
| Aalinte Kombathe || ''Krishna Kuchela'' || 1961 || [[K. Raghavan]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[P. Leela]] & [[Santha P. Nair]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Aa Manasemo Aa Sogasemo || ''[[Rechukka]]'' || 1954 || G. Aswathama || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || [[Devika]] || Telugu
|-
| Aambalkki Kann Potta... Gum Gum Gum || ''[[Petra Maganai Vitra Annai]]'' || 1958 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || Kumari Rajamani || Tamil
|-
| Aanadhu Aachu Ponadhu Pochu || ''[[Manjal Mahimai]]'' || 1959 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Aanakeramalayilu || ''[[Palattu Koman]]'' || 1962 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[K. P. Udayabhanu]] & K. S. George || || Malayalam
|-
| Aanandam Mana Jivana Ragam || ''Priyuralu'' || 1952 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]] || || Telugu
|-
| Aanandhaa Mahadaanandha || ''[[Rathnagiri Rahasya]]'' || 1957 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || Kanagal Prabhakara Shastry || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] & [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Kannada
|-
| Aanandhamaaye Ali Neelaveni || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Aanandhamanta Nee Rayamenani || [[Sobha (1958 film)|''Sobha'']] || 1958 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || P. Vasanth Kumar Reddy || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Aanandham Aanandham || [[Kudumbam (1954 film)|''Kudumbam'']] || 1954 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || M. S. Subramaniam || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Aanandhame Andalu || [[Anarkali (1955 film)|''Anarkali'']] || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Aanandham Eedhe Alidula Veni || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Aanandham Inge Irukku || ''[[Chella Pillai]]'' || 1955 || [[R. Sudarsanam]] || || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Aanandham Pudhu Aanandham || ''[[Thangamalai Ragasiyam]]'' || 1957 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] & [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || [[T. R. Rajakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Aanandham.... Naanum Kuditthen || [[Anarkali (1955 film)|''Anarkali'']] || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Aanandharoopan || ''[[Ponkathir]]'' || 1953 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] || Malayalam
|-
| Aankhon Se Meri || [[Gulebakavali (1955 film)|''Gulebakavali'']] || 1956 || [[Gyan Dutt]] || Pyarelal Santoshi || || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Hindi
|-
| Aanukkum Pennukkum || ''[[Moondru Pengal]]'' || 1956 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Aanum Pennum Serndhu Padichaa || ''[[Vaira Maalai]]'' || 1954 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Aao Aao Kahani Suno || ''[[Mr Sampat]]'' || 1952|| B. S. Kalla & [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || || [[Geeta Dutt]] || Vanaja || Hindi
|-
| Aaraaro Aaraaro || ''[[Kattuthulasi]]'' || 1965 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || || [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] || Malayalam
|-
| Aaraaro Aaraaro Aariraaro Amudhe || [[Azhagi (1953 film)|''Azhagi'']] || 1953 || P. R. Mani || || || Revathy || Tamil
|-
| Aasai Ellam Niraasai || ''[[Marma Veeran]]'' || 1956 || [[Vedha (Music Director)|Vedha]] || || || [[Vyjayanthimala]] || Tamil
|-
| Aasaigal Malarvadhu Paruva Nenjile || [[Pudhiya Pathai (1960 film)|''Pudhiya Pathai'']] || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Aasai Kanavugale Sadhaavum || ''[[Manamulla Maruthaaram]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[L. R. Eswari]] & G. Kasthoori || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Aasai Machchan.... Azhagaana Chinna Ponnu || ''[[Thirudadhe]]'' || 1961 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || Rita || Tamil
|-
| Aasai Mozhi Pesuthu || ''[[Sollu Thambi Sollu]]'' || 1959 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Aasai Nila Sendrathae|| [[Maaman Magal (1955 film)|''Maaman Magal'']] || 1955 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Aasai Pongum Azhagu Rubam || [[Aasai (1956 film)|''Aasai'']] || 1956 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Aasai Vaikkira Idam Theriyanum || ''[[Kalai Arasi]]'' || 1963 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[P. Bhanumathi]] || [[G. Sakunthala]] || Tamil
|-
| Aasaiyin Oonjalil Aadiduvom || ''[[Kuzhandhaigal Kanda Kudiyarasu]]'' || 1960 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[A. P. Komala]] || || Tamil
|-
| Aasalu Theerchave || ''[[Shanthi Nivasam]]'' || 1960 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Aashala Uyyala Oogema || [[Kuzhandhaigal Kanda Kudiyarasu|''Pillalu Techina Challani Rajyam'']] || 1960 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || || [[A. P. Komala]] || || Telugu
|-
| Ashaavasantham Anuraagasungandham || ''[[Snehadeepam]]'' || 1962 || [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] || Malayalam
|-
| Aatalu Sagunate || ''[[Penki Pellam]]'' || 1956 || K. Prasad Rao || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Aavanna Doonaa Aadu || [[Thirumbi Paar (1953 film)|''Thirumbi Paar'']] || 1953 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Pandari Bai]] || Tamil
|-
| Aayirathiri || ''[[Kadalamma]]'' || 1963 || [[G. Devarajan]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[S. Janaki]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Ada Moona Asal Mukkaalanaa || [[Kathavarayan (1958 film)|''Kathavarayan'']] || 1958 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Ada Sitinaa Mey || ''[[Aiyai Malli]]'' || 1957 || || || || || Sinhala
|-
| Adhu Vendaam Idhu Vendaam || [[Cherapakura Chedevu|''Illarame Inbam'']] || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Adi Kamachchiye Enthan Kanne || [[Samsaram (1951 film)|''Samsaram'']] || 1951 || [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[M. S. Sundari Bai]] || Tamil
|-
| Adigadigo Gagana Seema Andamaina || ''[[Naa Illu]]'' || 1953 || [[V. Nagayya]] || [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] || [[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]] || || Telugu
|-
| Aho Vidhiyo Paaram.... Priyaa Madhanaa || [[Vanamala (film)|''Vanamala'']] || 1951 || [[P. S. Divakar]] || P. Kunjikrishna Menon || || Ammini || Malayalam
|-
| Akkaanum [Badarul Muneer] || ''[[Aayisha]]'' || 1964 || [[R. K. Shekhar]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[A. M. Rajah]], [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] & [[P. Susheela]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Alaigalil Neendhiye Aadadi || [[Vedhalam Sonna Kadhai|''Madhu Malathi'']] || 1968 || [[M. Ranga Rao]] || Devanarayanan || || [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Alakinchavoyi || ''[[Vaddante Dabbu]]'' || 1954 || [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Alanati || [[Murari (2001 film)|''Murari'']] || 2001 || [[Mani Sharma]] || || [[Sunitha Upadrashta]] & Sandhya || [[Sonali Bendre]] || Telugu
|-
| Alladi Avatala || ''[[Vaddante Dabbu]]'' || 1954 || [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Allah Unnai Ennaalum Kaakka Vendum || [[Mughal-e-Azam|''Akbar'']] || 1961 || [[Naushad]] || [[Kambadasan]] || || [[Madhubala]] || Tamil
|-
| Amaidhi Nilava Vazhiyum || [[Nanban (1954 film)|''Nanban'']] || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Amdala Chinnadana || [[Laila Majnu (1949 film)|''Laila Majnu'']] || 1949 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Telugu
|-
| Ammaa Ivar Summaa || ''[[Thirudargal Jakkirathai]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Ammaan Magal Paaru || [[Kaanal Neer (1961 film)|''Kaanal Neer'']] || 1961 || [[Master Venu]] || || || [[Devika]] || Tamil
|-
| Ammaa Pasikkudhe || [[Samsaram (1951 film)|''Samsaram'']] || 1951 || [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || Udutha Sarojini || || Tamil
|-
| Ammaa Pena Ange Inge || [[Qaidi (1957 film)|''Magudam Kaattha Mangai'']] || 1957|| [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || || || Tamil
|-
| Ammaa Pettammaa || ''[[Ammayenna Sthree]]'' || 1970 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || || [[K. R. Vijaya]] || Malayalam
|-
| Ammaa Sailajata || ''[[Uma Sundari]]'' || 1956 || G. Aswathama || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Telugu
|-
| Ammaave Dheivam Ulaginile || [[Amma (1952 film)|''Amma'']] || 1952 || [[V. Dakshinamurthy]] || Chidambaram Varadarajan || || || Tamil
|-
| Ambuli Maamaa Shokku Paarka || [[Kudumbam (1954 film)|''Kudumbam'']] || 1954 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || M. S. Subramaniam || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Amdala Bomma || ''[[Nammina Bantu]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| Ananganai Nigarttha Azhagane || ''[[Gomathiyin Kaadhalan]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[K. P. Kamatchisundharam]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbaai Odi Vaadaa || ''[[Dharma Devatha]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbanae Aasai Palithidumaa || ''[[Panam Paduthum Padu]]'' || 1954 || [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbe En Aaruyire Angu Nirpadheno || [[Kaveri (1955 film)|''Kaveri'']] || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[C. S. Jayaraman]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbe En Aaruyire Vaaraai || ''[[Gomathiyin Kaadhalan]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbe Enthan Munnale || ''[[Aaravalli]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbe En Raaja Assai Kannaalane || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbe Namadhu Ilangkaadhal || ''[[Dharma Devatha]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbe Nee Ange || ''[[Bommai Kalyanam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Anbe Vaa || [[Aah (film)|''Avan'']] || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Kambadasan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Nargis]] || Tamil
|-
| Andaala Rathini || [[Manohara (film)|''Manohara'']] || 1954 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || P. K. Saraswathi || Telugu
|-
| Andaalu Chindu Mana Prema || ''Varalakshmi Vratham'' || 1961 || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Anda Chandala Sogasari Vaadu || [[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|''Donga Ramudu'']] || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Andala Naa Raja || ''[[Cherapakura Chedevu]]'' || 1955 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Andaala Raja || ''[[Stree Sahasam]]'' || 1951 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || || Telugu
|-
| Andala Seemalo || [[Sobha (1958 film)|''Sobha'']] || 1958 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || P. Vasanth Kumar Reddy || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Andalu Chandalu Kannaa Raa || [[Manohara (film)|''Manohara'']] || 1954 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || P. K. Saraswathi || Telugu
|-
| Andalu Chindu Tara || [[Sobha (1958 film)|''Sobha'']] || 1958 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || P. Vasanth Kumar Reddy || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Andamannadi Prati Anuvu || [[Ullasa Paravaigal|''Prema Pichchi'']] || 1981 || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]] || || [[Rati Agnihotri]] || Telugu
|-
| Andam Chinde || ''[[Vachina Kodalu Nachindi]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Andhaalu Chiddu Seemalo || ''[[Raja Nandini]]'' || 1958 || [[T. V. Raju]] || Ravuri Rangiah || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|-
| Andhalalone || ''Renuka Devi Mahathyam'' || 1960 || L. Malleswara Rao || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Telugu
|-
| Andha Raamanum Indha Seethaiyum || ''Pakku Vethilai'' || 1980 || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || Pulavar Mari || || || Tamil
|-
| Andhi Saayum Velai || ''[[Ellorum Vazhavendum]]'' || 1962 || [[Rajan-Nagendra]] || Villiputhan || || [[Malini (Tamil actress)|Malini]] || Tamil
|-
| Andhi Saayum Velai (different version) || ''[[Ellorum Vazhavendum]]'' || 1962 || [[Rajan-Nagendra]] || Villiputhan || || [[Malini (Tamil actress)|Malini]] || Tamil
|-
| Aneeka Jaathi Sansaare || ''[[Jeevitha Satana]]'' || 1957 || [[Vedha (music director)|Vedha]] || [[D. T. Fernando]] || [[Mohideen Baig]] & [[P. Susheela]] || || Sinhala
|-
| Anganeyangane [Badarul Muneer] || ''[[Aayisha]]'' || 1964 || [[R. K. Shekhar]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[A. M. Rajah]], [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] & [[P. Susheela]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Angeye Arugil Adhuve || ''[[Panam Paduthum Padu]]'' || 1954 || [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Angum Ingum Paartthidaamal || ''[[Sadhaaram]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || Kumari Kala Devi || Tamil
|-
| Annaa Annaa Vinnavaa || ''[[Ilavelpu]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || Anisetti || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Annaa Chellelu || ''[[Uma Sundari]]'' || 1956 || G. Aswathama || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Telugu
|-
| Annaale Nannaal || [[Kanavu (1954 film)|''Kanavu'']] || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] & [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Annamma Ennamma Sollure || ''[[Uthami Petra Rathinam]]'' || 1960 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] || Tamil
|-
| Anpezhum Priya Thozhikale || [[Chandrika (film)|''Chandrika'']] || 1950 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] & [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || Thumbaman Padmanabhan Kutty || || || Malayalam
|-
| Anuraagaseema Manameluthama || ''Veera Kumar'' || 1961 || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Anuraagaseema Manameluthama || ''Varalakshmi Vratham'' || 1961 || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Appaavoda Chellamaa || ''[[Punithavathi]]'' || 1963 || Hussein Reddy || Kanaga Surabhi || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Appam Thinnaan Thappukottu || [[Umma (1960 film)|''Umma'']] || 1960 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Aram Katha Theviye || [[Maheswari (film)|''Maheswari'']] || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]] || Tamil
|-
| Arana Ana Aina || ''[[Pellinaati Pramanalu]]'' || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Pingali Nagendra Rao]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Arasaanda Raaman Pola Azhagaana Veeran || [[Murari (2001 film)|''Murari'']] || 2002 || [[Mani Sharma]] || || [[Kalpana Raghavendar]] & [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]] || || Tamil
|-
| Arivulla Azhagane.... Inba Vaazhvil || ''[[Nalla Thangai]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Ariyaadha Pillai Pole Aaatthira Padalaamaa || ''[[Thangamalai Ragasiyam]]'' || 1957 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[V. N. Sundaram]] || [[T. R. Rajakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Arul Thaarum Deva Maathaave || [[Gnana Soundari (Citadel film)|''Gnana Soundari'']] || 1948 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || [[P. A. Periyanayaki]] || Baby Rajamani || Tamil
|-
| Asalu Neevu Raanela || ''[[Nithya Kalyanam Paccha Thoranam]]'' || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Atta Leni Kodalu Uttamuralu || ''[[Mana Desam]]'' || 1949 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Athai Magan Thaanunga || [[Nanban (1954 film)|''Nanban'']] || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Avar Mella Mella || [[Samsaram (1951 film)|''Samsaram'']] || 1951 || [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || || Vanaja || Tamil
|-
| Avasaram Thaano Naan Agapaduveno || [[Aana Valarthiya Vanampadi|''Yaanai Valartha Vaanambadi'']] || 1959 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Ayyare Chuda Chakkani || ''[[Kalimilemulu]]'' || 1961 || G. Aswathama || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Azhagaana Rojaa Poove || [[Paradesi (1953 film)|''Poongothai'']] || 1953 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Kambadasan]] || [[M. Ranga Rao]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhagai Paar || [[Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)|''Pudhumai Pithan'']] || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhagai Rasippom Kalaiyai Valarppom || ''[[Vazhvile Oru Naal]]'' || 1956 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]], [[T. G. Lingappa]] & [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhage Thaanae Aagume || [[Mayalamari|''Mayakkari'']] || 1951 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhagin Raani Yaarenake Inaiyaavaar || [[Kumari (1952 film)|''Kumaari'']] || 1952 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhagirukku Arivirukku || ''[[Pillai Kaniyamudhu]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhagodaiyil Neendhum Ila annam || ''[[Kokilavani]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[S. D. Sundharam]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Tambaram Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhagu Mugam Pazhagu Sugam || ''[[Sorgam]]'' || 1970 || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[S. Janaki]] || || Tamil
|-
| Azhagu Nilavin Bavaniyile || [[Maheswari (film)|''Maheswari'']] || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]] || Tamil
|-
| Azhaiyaadha Veettil Nuzhayaadha Seemaan || ''[[Ponvayal]]'' || 1954 || Thuraiyur Rajagopal Sarma & R. Rajagopal || T. K. Sundara Vathiyar || || || Tamil
|-
| Baagyasaali Yaanene || [[Mayalamari|''Mayakkari'']] || 1951 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Baaren Manohara Oh Sukhanhara || ''[[Abba Aa Hudugi]]'' || 1959 || [[P. Kalinga Rao]] || H. L. N. Simha || || [[Mynavathi]] || Kannada
|-
| Baby Chinna Baby || ''[[Thai Ullam]]'' || 1952 || [[V. Nagayya]] & A. Rama Rao || Kanaga Surabhi || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Bagavane Un Padaippile || ''[[Moondru Pengal]]'' || 1956 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Bangaru Bomma || ''[[Bhale Ramudu]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || Seetha || Telugu
|-
| Baila Baila Cycle || ''[[Mamiyarum Oru Veetu Marumagale]]'' || 1961 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Balu Vannela Chinnela || [[Inti Guttu (1958 film)|''Inti Guttu'']] || 1958 || M. S. Prakash || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Beedala Rodana Vinava || ''[[Edi Nijam]]'' || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || || || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Bhaagyamulla Thampuraane || ''[[Palattu Koman]]'' || 1962 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || K. S. George || || Malayalam
|-
| Bhaaratha Devi Jeganthanil || [[Nirdoshi (1951 film)|''Niraparadhi'']] || 1951 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & H. R. Padmanabha Sastri || M. S. Subramaniam || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Bhale Maavayya || ''[[Thodi Kodallu]]'' || 1957 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Bindiya Chamke || ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' || 1951 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || || || Hindi
|-
| Bito Bito Pellikodaka || [[Pelli Sandadi (1959 film)|''Pelli Sandadi'']] || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[J. V. Raghavulu]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Bojanam Banthi || ''Subbaraju Gari Kutumbam'' || 1998 || [[M. M. Keeravani]] || [[Veturi]] Sundaramurthi || [[K. S. Chithra]] || || Telugu
|-
| Boomiyile Oru Punniya Kathai || [[Naa Illu|''En Veedu'']] || 1953 || [[V. Nagayya]] || [[Surabhi]] || [[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]] || || Tamil
|-
| Brathuku Nee Kosame || [[Inti Guttu (1958 film)|''Inti Guttu'']] || 1958 || M. S. Prakash || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Chaanchakkam || ''[[Palattu Koman]]'' || 1962 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Chaka Chaka Janatha || ''[[Bhale Ammayilu]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Chakkani Vaadaa || [[Inti Guttu (1958 film)|''Inti Guttu'']] || 1958 || M. S. Prakash || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Chakkani Vaade || ''[[Pendli Pilupu]]'' || 1961 || K. Prasad Rao || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Challani Vennela || ''[[Velugu Needalu]]'' || 1961 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| Chalo Paniya Bharan || ''[[Mr. Sampat]]'' || 1952 || B. S. Kalla & [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || || [[Geeta Dutt]] || Vanaja || Hindi
|-
| Chandha Maamaa Shokku || ''Menarikam'' || 1954 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Chandhrodhayam Pole Indha Jegam Meedhile || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Changure Bangaru Raajaa || ''[[Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam]]'' || 1966 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[C. Narayana Reddy]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Chencheetanayya || ''[[Penki Pellam]]'' || 1956 || K. Prasad Rao || [[Aarudhra]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Cheetiki Maatiki Chittemmante || ''[[Sri Lakshmamma Katha]]'' || 1950 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || || [[Kasturi Siva Rao]] || || Telugu
|-
| Cheetiki Maatiki || ''[[Bhale Ammayilu]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Chhaya Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chekkili Meeda || ''[[Mangalya Balam]]'' || 1959 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Chella Kiliye Sendhaamaraiye || ''[[Ponnu Vilaiyum Boomi]]'' || 1959 || K. H. Reddy || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[S. Janaki]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Chettulekkagalava O Narahari || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chilaka Gorinka || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chilakalanchu Cheeradana || ''[[Sri Tirupatamma Katha]]'' || 1964 || Pamarthi || Sivaramaiah || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || || Telugu
|-
| Chilakanna Chilukave || ''[[Jayam Manade]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chiluka Elane Kopamu || ''[[Sri Krishna Maya]]'' || 1958 || [[T. V. Raju]] || Ravuri Rangiah || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Chinna Chinna Veedu Katti || [[Marumagal (1953 film)|''Marumagal'']] || 1953 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[A. P. Komala]] || || Tamil
|-
| Chinna Muthu Chinna Muthu || ''[[Chinna Muthu]]'' || 1994 || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] || [[Vairamuthu]] || || Title Song || Tamil
|-
| Chinnanchiru Chitte || [[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)|''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'']] || 1956 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Chinnanchiru Vayadhu Mudhal || ''[[Thaai Magalukku Kattiya Thaali]]'' || 1959 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Chinna Pennana Pothile || ''[[Aaravalli]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Chinnaridanara || [[Santosham (1955 film)|''Santosham'']] || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chinnari Maradaliki Pellavutundi || ''[[Ramalayam]]'' || 1971 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || C. Narayana Reddy || [[S. Janaki]] || || Telugu
|-
| Chinnari Papayi || ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]'' || 1950 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Tapi Dharma Rao]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chirunavvulu Virise || ''[[Rojulu Marayi]]'' || 1955 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Tapi Dharma Rao]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Chitapata Chinukulu || ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]'' || 1950 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Tapi Dharma Rao]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chitti Potti Bommalu || ''[[Shrimantudu]]'' || 1971 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Dasaradhi Rangacharya]] || [[P. Susheela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Chittu Pole Vaanagam || ''[[Illara Jothi]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Sriranjani, Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Tamil
|-
| Choosi Choosi Kallu || ''[[Bharya Bhartalu]]'' || 1961 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumaari]] || Telugu
|-
| Chooda Chakkani Daana || ''[[Jayam Manade]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Chuthi Chuthi Machchane || [[Amar Singh Rathod|''Veera Amar Singh'']] || 1958 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || Kuyilan || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Nirupa Roy]] || Tamil
|-
| Come Come || ''[[Shanthi Nivasam]]'' || 1960 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Come Come Shankichu || [[Shanthi Nivasam|''Shantinivas'']] || 1962 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Abhayadev]] || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Malayalam
|-
| Daarithennu Kaanagada || ''[[Bratuku Teruvu]]'' || 1953 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Telugu
|-
| Dagudu Moothalu || ''[[Bhale Ammayilu]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Deeyo Deeyo Deeyo Vannamayil Aadudhu || ''[[Kanniyin Sabatham]]'' || 1958 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Kumari Kamala]] || Tamil
|-
| Devi Radhe || [[Shanthi Nivasam|''Shantinivas'']] || 1962 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Abhayadev]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Malayalam
|-
| Dheedikku Dheedikku Dheedikku || [[Mangamma Sapatham (1965 film)|''Mangamma Sapatham'']] || 1965 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[C. Narayana Reddy]] || [[S. Janaki]] || || Telugu
|-
| Dheerakampana || ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]'' || 1950 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Dhiname Unai Ninaindhu || [[Mangalyam (1954 film)|''Mangalyam'']] || 1954 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Din Control Ke || ''[[Mr. Sampat]]'' || 1952 || B. S. Kalla & [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] & [[Geeta Dutt]] || Vanaja || Hindi
|-
| Donga Choopulu Choosi || ''[[Kalavari Kodalu]]'' || 1964 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Echu Pizhaikkum Thozhile || [[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|''Madurai Veeran'']] || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Edhai Ketpadho || ''Pathu Madha Bandham'' || 1974 || [[Sankar Ganesh]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasree]] || Tamil
|-
| Edhu Kitthanai.... Medhavi Pole Edhedho Pesi || ''[[Kalyanam Panniyum Brahmachari]]'' || 1954 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Eenaati Mapata || [[Laila Majnu (1949 film)|''Laila Majnu'']] || 1949 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Telugu
|-
| Eeroju Maa Yuvaraju || ''[[Baghdad Gaja Donga]]'' || 1968 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[C. Narayana Reddy]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Ee Vayasu Sogasu || [[Sankalpam (1957 film)|''Sankalpam'']] || 1957 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || Anisetti || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Ekaandhamaam Immaalaiyil || [[Aah (film)|''Avan'']] || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Kambadasan]] || || [[Nargis]]|| Tamil
|-
| Ekaanthamu Saayantramu || [[Aah (film)|''Prema Lekhalu'']] || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Nargis]] || Telugu
|-
| Ekkadamma Chandrudu || ''[[Ardhangi]]'' || 1955 || [[Master Venu]] & [[B. Narasimha Rao]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Ekkadidi Ee Andam || ''[[Rechukka]]'' || 1954 || G. Aswathama || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || [[Devika]] || Telugu
|-
| Ellorum Innaattu Mannare || ''[[Ondrupattal Undu Vazhvu]]'' || 1960 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] & [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Ellorum Koodi Aadi Paadi || [[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|''Amara Deepam'']] || 1956 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[M. K. Athmanathan]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| En Aasai Mohan Enge Amma || [[Dongallo Dora|''Pakka Thirudan'']] || 1957 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || Mugavai Rajamanikkam || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| En Aasai Rajan Evandaa || [[Bhagya Rekha|''Veettukku Vandha Varalakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[Kandula Mallikarjuna Rao|Mallik]] || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| En Aattaththai Paarkkaamal || [[Zimbo (film)|''Zimbo'']] || 1958 || [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] || Kuyilan || || Krishnakumari || Tamil
|-
| En Aavalthan ...|| ''Manoratham'' || 1955 || [[M. Venkataraju]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Enadhu Manam Kanavilum Ninaivilum || [[Samsaram (1951 film)|''Samsaram'']] || 1951 || [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || || Vanaja || Tamil
|-
| Enendru Nee Sollu Thendralae || [[Maaman Magal (1955 film)|''Maaman Magal'']] || 1955 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| En Munnae Vandhu Neeye || [[Nanban (1954 film)|''Nanban'']] || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || || Tamil
|-
| En Ennam Inipatheno || ''[[Thirumanam]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] & [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[M. K. Athmanathan]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Enna Enna Inbame Vaazvile Ennaazhum || [[Anbu (1953 film)|''Anbu'']] || 1953 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Ennai Aalavanda Raja || ''[[Illarame Nallaram]]'' || 1958 || [[K. G. Moorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || K. Sooryakala || Tamil
|-
| Ennamellam Eedera( Ellorume Kaana Kalyaname)|| [[Pudhumai Penn (1959 film)|''Pudhumai Penn'']] || 1959 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || ||[[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Ennum Pothile || [[Inspector (1953 film)|''Inspector'']] || 1953 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| En Pirandhaay Nee Poologam Mael || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || || [[M. V. Rajamma]] || Tamil
|-
| En Raajaave Idhu || ''[[Manavathi]]'' || 1952 || H. R. Padmanabha Sastry & [[Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao|B. Rajanikanta Rao]] || Chidambaram A. M. Nataraja Kavi || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| En Sindhai Noyum Theeruma || [[Kaveri (1955 film)|''Kaveri'']] || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Endhan Kaadhal Kanavu Aanadhe || ''[[Kalyanam Seydhukko]]'' || 1955 || R. M. Ramaneekaran || Kalyan || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Endunnavo Madhavaa || ''[[Bhale Ramudu]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || || Telugu
|-
| Enga Ooru Singappooru Thillaale Lelo || ''[[Prema Pasam]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Engaadhe Chinna Maamaa Nee || [[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|''Thiruttu Raman'']] || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]|| Tamil
|-
| Engalin Rani || ''[[Mannadhi Mannan]]'' || 1960 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[K. Jamuna Rani]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Engi Engi || ''[[Neelamalai Thirudan]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Engudhu Manasu Aasai Machan || ''[[Manaiviye Manithanin Manickam]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| En Indha Iravu || [[Pudhiya Pathai (1960 film)|''Pudhiya Pathai'']] || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Ennaalum Thanniyile || ''[[Kuravanji]]'' || 1960 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Ennai Paaraai En Kannai Paaraai || ''[[Thangamalai Ragasiyam]]'' || 1957 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || [[T. R. Rajakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Ennai Pole Bhagyasaali || ''[[Nalla Thangai]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Ennathaan Kidaithaalum || [[Devaki (1951 film)|''Devaki'']] || 1951 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[P. Leela]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Eno Naanum Vaaduren || ''[[Pona Machaan Thirumbi Vandhan]]'' || 1954 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] & [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || N. S. Chithambaram || || [[T. D. Kusalakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Eno Thaan Karvam Nenje || ''[[Magathala Nattu Mary]]'' || 1957 || [[R. Parthasarathy]] || [[Kambadasan]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Eruvaaka Sagaroranno Chinnanna || ''[[Rojulu Marayi]]'' || 1955 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || || [[Waheeda Rehman]] || Telugu
|-
| Eti Odduna Maa Vooru || ''[[Raja Makutam]]'' || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Ezhaigal Vaazhvai Maaligai Mele || ''[[Irumanam Kalanthal Thirumanam]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Ezhettu Naalaagathaan || [[Kaveri (1955 film)|''Kaveri'']] || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Mathuram]], [[A. P. Komala]], [[A. G. Rathnamala]] & S. J. Kantha || || Tamil
|-
| Ezhil Mevum Muhunthanai || [[Sabhash Ramudu|''Sabhash Ramu'']] || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Gama Gamavena Narumanam || ''[[Samaya Sanjeevi]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || N. R. Sandhya || Tamil
|-
| Ghallu... Gajjela Sangeetam || [[Aah (film)|''Prema Lekhalu'']] || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Nargis]] || Telugu
|-
| Ghottenu Yashodhamma || ''[[Mayabazar]]'' || 1957 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[P. Leela]] & [[P. Susheela]] || || Kannada
|-
| Godhai En Chela Kiliye || [[Jayam Manade|''Vetri Veeran'']] || 1956 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Graamathin Hridayame || ''[[Ashadeepam]]'' || 1953 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Malayalam
|-
| Graamathin Idhayam Peranbin || [[Ashadeepam|''Aasai Magan'']] || 1953 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || Kuyilan || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Gulabithota || ''[[Cherapakura Chedevu]]'' || 1955 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Gummadamma Gummadamma || ''[[Vichitra Jeevitham]]'' || 1978 || [[K. Chakravarthy]] || [[Veturi]] Sundaramurthi || [[P. Susheela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Gumthala Gummaa || [[Raja Makutam|''Raja Makudam'']] || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Gumthala Gummaa Gumaaikkadhe || ''[[Prema Pasam]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Guttonkai Kooroyi Baava || ''[[Edi Nijam]]'' || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || || || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Haa Imbam Kolka Naam (Bit) || [[Vanamala (film)|''Vanamala'']] || 1951 || [[P. S. Divakar]] || P. Kunjikrishna Menon || [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] || Ammini || Malayalam
|-
| Haayigaa Teeyagaa || [[Bommai Kalyanam|''Bommala Pelli'']] || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Haayi Haayigaa Aamani Saage || ''[[Suvarna Sundari]]'' || 1957 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Haayi Viharame || ''Varalakshmi Vratham'' || 1961 || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || || || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Ha Ha Jayichu Poyi Njan || ''[[Visappinte Vili]]'' || 1952 || P. S. Divakar || [[Abhayadev]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Hailelo Naa Raaja || [[Pelli Sandadi (1959 film)|''Pelli Sandadi'']] || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Hailesa Hailesa Hailesa || ''[[Ondre Kulam]]'' || 1956 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & M. V. Ranga Rao || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], Vasantha & Sundaramma || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Happy Happy Day || ''Priyuralu'' || 1952 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || Telugu
|-
| Hare Muraare || ''[[Aathmaarpanam]]'' || 1956 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[Abhayadev]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Hello Darling Baby || [[Azhagi (1953 film)|''Azhagi'']] || 1953 || P. R. Mani || || || Revathy || Tamil
|-
| Hello Darling Paranthodi Vaa || [[Sabhash Ramudu|''Sabhash Ramu'']] || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Hrudulu Rendu Okati || [[Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)|''Veera Khadgam'']] || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[B. S. Saroja]] || Telugu
|-
| Ichatane Ichatane || ''[[Vaarasatwam]]'' || 1964 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Ichirippoovalan || ''[[Inapraavugal]]'' || 1965 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[Latha Raju]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Idereeyi Kaadoyi || ''[[Pendli Pilupu]]'' || 1961 || K. Prasad Rao || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || [[S. Janaki]] || || Telugu
|-
| Idhaya Vaanile Udhayamaanadhe || ''[[Karpukkarasi]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Idhu Poruththamaana Vayasu || ''[[Rani Lalithangi]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Idhuvo Namgathi || ''[[Bommai Kalyanam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Idigo Svarga Dvaram Tericharu Evaro || ''Akali'' || 1952 || P. S. Divakar || [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] & [[P. Leela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Idirakkanni || ''[[Aayisha]]'' || 1964 || [[R. K. Shekhar]] || [[Moyinkutty Vaidyar]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Idiye Haayi Kalupumu || ''[[Rojulu Marayi]]'' || 1955 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Tapi Dharma Rao]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Ilam Kandru Polave Ullam Thulludhe || ''[[Madana Mohini]]'' || 1953 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[M. P. Sivam]]|| || C. R. Rajakumari || Tamil
|-
| Ila Vaalibane Varavenumena || ''[[Aditya 369|Apoorva Sakthi 369]]'' || 1991 || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & [[S. P. Sailaja]] || [[Silk Smitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Ilavayasu Ezhil Sokusu || ''[[Sri Krishna Maya|Naradar Kalyanam]]'' || 1959 || [[T. V. Raju]] || || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Illai Enum Solle || ''[[Sengottai Singam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Illuvakili Veedi Poyadaru || ''[[Uma Sundari]]'' || 1956 || G. Aswathama || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Telugu
|-
| Inbam Enna Solluven || ''[[Moondru Pillaigal]]'' || 1952 || P. S. Anantharaman & [[M. D. Parthasarathy]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Inbam Kaanben Naane || ''[[Devaki (1951 film)|Devaki]]'' || 1951 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Inbam Pongum || ''[[Mohana Sundaram]]'' || 1951 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || [[J. P. Chandrababu]] || [[G. Sakunthala]] || Tamil
|-
| Inbam Tharum Naalidhe || ''[[Pudhumai Penn (1959 film)|Pudhumai Penn]]'' || 1959 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Inbam Tharum Nannaal Idhe || ''[[Snehaseema|Punniyavathi]]'' || 1956 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || Kanaga Surabhi || || Padmini || Tamil
|-
| Inba Naalithe || ''[[Manohara (film)|Manohara]]'' || 1954 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || [[Kumari Kamala]] || Tamil
|-
| Inbam Vanthu Seruma || ''[[Naan Petra Selvam]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Inbame Pongume || ''[[Bommai Kalyanam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Inda Inda Suwa || ''[[Aiyai Malli]]'' || 1957 || || || || || Sinhala
|-
| Indha Jegame Un Azhagaale || ''[[Jayasimha (1955 film)|Jayasimman]]'' || 1955 || [[T. V. Raju]] || || || [[T. D. Kusalakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Indha Kaala Krishnanena || ''[[Shyamala (1952 film)|Shyamala]]'' || 1952 || [[G. Ramanathan]], [[T. V. Raju]] & S. B. Dinakar Rao || [[Kambadasan]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Indhiyaavin Raajathaani Dilli || ''[[Naan Valartha Thangai]]'' || 1958 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Indru Namathullame || ''[[Thanga Padhumai]]'' || 1959 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Ini Endrum Inbam Thaan || ''[[Rani (1952 film)|Rani]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & D. C. Dutt || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || D. C. Dutt || || Tamil
|-
| Inithaai Naame || ''[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1956 film)|Kaalam Maari Pochu]]'' || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || Muhavai Rajamanickam || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Intha Challani Reyi || ''Sri Krishna Leelalu'' || 1959 || [[Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao]] || || || || Telugu
|-
| Iravu Naadagam || ''[[Annan Ennada Thambi Ennada]]'' || 1992 || [[Manoj–Gyan|Gyan Varma]] || || [[K. Jamuna Rani]] || || Tamil
|-
| Iruilile Nilavoli Pol || ''[[Kumari (1952 film)|Kumaari]]'' || 1952 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] & [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Irumizhi Thannil || ''[[Aathmasakhi]]'' || 1952 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Iru Vizhi Parugum Virundhu || ''[[Sengottai Singam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]]|| Tamil
|-
| Isai Paadum Thendralodu || ''[[Vijayapuri Veeran]]'' || 1960 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || M. Hemalatha || Tamil
|-
| Islaam Jin (Badarul Muneer) || ''[[Aayisha]]'' || 1964 || [[R. K. Shekhar]] || [[Moyinkutty Vaidyar]] & [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[A. M. Rajah]], [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] & [[P. Susheela]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Ithikaasam Kaetteera || ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' || 1951 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[T. G. Kamala Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Itthanai Naalaaga || ''[[Marma Veeran]]'' || 1956 || [[Vedha (Music Director)|Vedha]] || || [[P. Leela]] || [[Vyjayanthimala]] || Tamil
|-
| Ivaru Yaare || ''[[Mayabazar]]'' || 1957 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[P. Susheela]] || || Kannada
|-
| Jaadhiyile Naanga Thaazhndhavanga || ''[[Pudhu Yugam (1954 film)|Pudhu Yugam]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || [[N. L. Ganasaraswathi]], [[A. P. Komala]] & [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || || Tamil
|-
| Jaalilo Jimkaana || ''[[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|Amara Deepam]]'' || 1956 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Jaaliyaaga Yaavum || ''[[Circus Sundari]]'' || 1958 || || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Jaami Chettu Meeda Nunna || ''[[M.L.A. (1957 film)|M.L.A.]]'' || 1957 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Jaanatanamunanu Nanemunanu || ''[[Stree Sahasam]]'' || 1951 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Jaanavule Nerajaanavule || ''[[Aditya 369]]'' || 1991 || [[Illayaraja]] || [[Veturi]] Sundaramurthi || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & [[S. P. Sailaja]] || [[Silk Smitha]] || Telugu
|-
| Jagadeeswaraa || ''[[Suvarna Sundari]]'' || 1957 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Jagathaamba Devi Bhavaani || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || || Telugu
|-
| Jaire Jambhaire Okasari || ''[[Bhatti Vikramarka]]'' || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || Anisetti || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Jalakku Jalakku Jalakku Jalakku || ''[[Aah (film)|Avan]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Kambadasan]] || || [[Nargis]]|| Tamil
|-
| Jalakku Jalakku Jalakku Jalakku || ''[[Aah (film)|Prema Lekhalu]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Nargis]] || Telugu
|-
| Jamakku Jamakku.... Kaadhalicha En Manasu || ''Pazhikku Pazhi'' || 1955 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || || || || Tamil
|-
| Janani O Janani || ''[[Mayalamari|Mayakkari]]'' || 1951 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Jane Bomabay Le || ''[[Pelli Sandadi (1959 film)|Pelli Sandadi]]'' || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[P. Leela]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Jarikaipattu Salasalakka || ''[[Samaya Sanjeevi]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || N. R. Sandhya || Tamil
|-
| Jeeva Theebame Thalelo || ''[[Parijatham (1950 film)|Parijatham]]'' || 1950 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || [[Kambadasan]] || [[P. Leela]] || || Tamil
|-
| Jeevidhame Sabalamo || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Jeevithame Saphalamu || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Jegadhaamba Devi Bavaani || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Jegamadhile Oru Anaadhai || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || || [[M. V. Rajamma]] || Tamil
|-
| Jegam Meedhile Naam Inaiyaagave || ''[[Vazhvile Oru Naal]]'' || 1956 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]], [[T. G. Lingappa]] & [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || Kavi C. A. Lakshmana Dass || T. A. Mothi || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Jeya Jeya Jeya Sri Narasimmaa || [[Rishyasringar (1964 film)|''Rishyasringar'']] || 1963 || [[T. V. Raju]] || || [[P. Leela]] || || Tamil
|-
| Jeya Veerarilum Miga Theerane || ''[[Raju Peda|Aandi Petra Selvam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || Puratchidasan || T. Sathyavathi || || Tamil
|-
| Jigu Jigu Jigu || [[Kathavarayan (1958 film)|''Kathavarayan'']] || 1958 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[J. P. Chandrababu]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Jigu Jigu Jinukkaa || ''[[Iru Sagodharigal]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Jil Jil Jil Raani || ''[[Guna Sundari]]'' || 1955 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Jingana Tingana || ''[[Raja Makutam]]'' || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Kaadhalar Vaazhndha Ullaasa Vaazhvil || ''[[Thirumbi Paar (1953 film)|Thirumbi Paar]]'' || 1953 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Pandari Bai]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaadhal Ennum Kaaviyam || ''[[Vattathukkul Chaduram]]'' || 1978 || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Panchu Arunachalam]] || || [[Latha (actress)|Latha]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaadhalin Jodi || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaadhal Kannithidum Neratthile || ''[[Iru Sagodharigal]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaadhal Karumbu Kandaen || ''[[Petra Manam]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[C. S. Jayaraman]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaadhal Rahasiyame || [[Nanban (1954 film)|''Nanban'']] || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Kaadhal Vaazvil Naane || ''[[Edhir Paradhathu]]'' || 1954 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaadhal Viyaadhi Polladhadhu || ''[[Thaikkupin Tharam]]'' || 1956 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || S. Balasaraswathi || Tamil
|-
| Kaalamellaam Thanimaiyile || [[Manithan (1953 film)|''Manithan'']] || 1953 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || Kanagasurabhi || || || Tamil
|-
| Kaalam Kettu Poche || [[Lavanya (1951 film)|''Lavanya'']] || 1951 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || [[Papanasam Sivan]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Kaallaku Gajjelu || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Kaaman Kandu Mogam || [[M.L.A. (1957 film)|''M.L.A.'']] || 1957 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaanaga Raavaa || [[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|''Chenchu Lakshmi'']] || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] ||[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Kaanipanulu Cheste Mariyaadha || [[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|''Sahasa Veerudu'']] || 1956 || T. M. Ibrahim || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Telugu
|-
| Kaaru Savari Joru || ''[[Vidivelli]]'' || 1960 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Padmini Priyadarshini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaattu Vazhi Pogaiyile || ''[[Azhagarmalai Kalvan]]'' || 1959 || [[B. Gopalam]] || Puratchidasan || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Kaattilekkachyutha || ''Krishna Kuchela'' || 1961 || ''[[K. Raghavan]]'' || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[P. Leela]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Kaaviya Kaadhal Vaazhvil Oviyam Naame || ''[[Gomathiyin Kaadhalan]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaaviyam Neeye Karpanai Naane || ''[[Thirudargal Jakkirathai]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaayile Inipadhenna || ''[[Manamulla Maruthaaram]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kada Kada Loda Loda Vandi || ''[[Samsaram (1951 film)|Samsaram]]'' || 1951 || [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || Vanaja || Tamil
|-
| Kadalivaazhakayyilirunnu || ''[[Umma (1960 film)|Umma]]'' || 1960 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Kadal Nira Kannanadi Thozhi || [[Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam|''Raja Sooyam'']] || 1968 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || [[L. R. Eswari]] || || Tamil
|-
| Kadhaparayamo || ''[[Chathurangam (1959 film)|Chathurangam]]'' || 1959 || [[G. Devarajan]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[A. M. Rajah]]|| || Malayalam
|-
| Kadhai Kadhaiyam Kaaranamaam || ''[[Thalai Koduthaan Thambi]]'' || 1959 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || [[Malini (Tamil actress)|Malini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kadha Parayamo Kaatte || ''Sthreehridayam'' || 1960 || [[L. P. R. Varma]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] || Malayalam
|-
| Kadhiraadum Kazhaniyil Sadhiraadum Pennmani || ''[[Paditha Penn]]'' || 1956 || Arun & Raghavan || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaiyaal Aagaadha Aasaami Pole || ''[[Vazhvile Oru Naal]]'' || 1956 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]], [[T. G. Lingappa]] & [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Kalalu Karigipovuna || ''[[Sarangadhara (1957 film)|Sarangadhara]]'' || 1957 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[Santha Kumari]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Kalangamillaa Kaadhalile || ''[[Illara Jothi]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kala Nijamayega || ''[[Samsaram (1950 film)|Samsaram]]'' || 1950 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Kalakallade Panduga || ''[[Daasi (1952 film)|Daasi]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || [[P. Leela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Kalise Nelaraaju || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Kaliyaadum Poove Varoo || ''[[Ponkathir]]'' || 1953 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] || Malayalam
|-
| Kalla Kapatamerugani || ''[[Adrusta Jathakudu]]'' || 1971 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Dasaradhi Rangacharya]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Vanisri]] || Telugu
|-
| Kallam Kabadam Theriyadhavane || ''[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1956 film)|Kaalam Maari Pochu]]'' || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || Muhavai Rajamanickam || || [[Waheeda Rehman]] || Tamil
|-
| Kallu Terachi Kanara Satyam || ''[[Raju Peda]]'' || 1954 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || || [[T. D. Kusalakumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Kalyaanam Aagumunne Kayyaitthodal Aagumaa || ''[[Pudhu Yugam (1954 film)|Pudhu Yugam]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Kalyaanam Kalyaanam || ''[[Bommai Kalyanam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Kalyaana Oorvalam Varum || ''[[Aah (film)|Avan]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Kambadasan]] || || [[Nargis]]|| Tamil
|-
| Kalyaanappudava Venam || ''Kathirukanakkili'' || 1958 || [[G. Devarajan]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[G. Devarajan]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Kalyaana Vaibhavam || ''[[Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam]]'' || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || [[P. Leela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Kalyaana Vaiboga Naale || ''[[Illara Jothi]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Sriranjani, Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanava Ninaiva || ''[[Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)|Pudhumai Pithan]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[B. S. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanavo Sol Kaadhal || ''[[Avan Amaran]]'' || 1958 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || [[Kambadasan]] || [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Kangalaal Kaadhal Kaaviyam || ''[[Sarangadhara (1958 film)|Sarangadhara]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanindha Alliyodu Nilavin Oli Nee || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanirasame En Kanirasame Adhirasame || ''[[Yaar Paiyyan]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[S. Balasaraswathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanivaana Nalla Saedhi || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kaniyaa Kanniyaa Vaazhvil Inbam Sollavaa || ''[[Karpukkarasi]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Kan Kanathathum Manam Kandu Vidum || ''[[Aah (film)|Avan]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Kambadasan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Nargis]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanmaniye Innamudhe Karkandu Paage || ''[[Avan Amaran]]'' || 1958 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaadi Kanni Neeye || ''[[Laila Majnu (1949 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' || 1949 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[S. D. Sundharam]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaa Kannaa Vaaraai || ''[[Maya Manithan]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || Chandrakantha || Tamil
|-
| Kannaa Mucchale Aaduva || ''[[Abba Aa Hudugi]]'' || 1959 || [[P. Kalinga Rao]] || H. L. N. Simha || Swarnalatha & T. S. Bagavathi || || Kannada
|-
| Kannaalae Pesum || ''[[Gulebakavali (1955 film)|Gulebagavali]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaalan Vandhiduvaar || ''[[Petra Maganai Vitra Annai]]'' || 1958 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaalane Vaarunga || ''[[Chakravarthi Thirumagal]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaala Unnai Korinen Naane || ''[[Madari|Mannan Magal]]'' || 1959 || [[B. Gopalam]] || || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || || Tamil
|-
| Kannaa Maraiyaadhedaa || ''[[Pennin Perumai]]'' || 1956 || A. Rama Rao & B. Narasimha Rao || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaana En Raajaa Nee Vaaraai || ''[[Cherapakura Chedevu|Illarame Inbam]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaana Kaadhalar Kaaleju Manavar || ''[[Edhir Paradhathu]]'' || 1954 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || Kanaga Surabhi || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaana Naadhan Ennaaginaano || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaa Pesum Kannaa || ''Veettu Mappillai'' || 1973 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Prameela]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannaa Vedan Engu Ponaan || ''[[Paanai Pidithaval Bhaagyasaali]]'' || 1958 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || || || Tamil
|-
| Kannai Pol Thannai Kaakkum || ''[[Naan Sollum Ragasiyam]]'' || 1959 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannai Thirandhu Kaanadaa || ''[[Raju Peda|Aandi Petra Selvam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || Kuyilan || || || Tamil
|-
| Kannanai Kaanane Kaanane || ''[[Raju Peda|Aandi Petra Selvam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || Puratchidasan || T. Sathyavathi || || Tamil
|-
| Kannazhagi Ennaipol Yaarundu || [[Vilayattu Bommai]] || 1954 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || K. P. Kamatchisundharam || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanne Entho Sundari || [[Bhagya Rekha]] || 1957 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Telugu
|-
| Kanneer Sindhaadhe Kavalai Kollaadhe || ''[[Avan Amaran]]'' || 1958 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannemaavi Thotalona || [[Ammalakkalu]] || 1953 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || Swarnalatha || || Telugu
|-
| Kannepilla Sogasu Choodu || [[Bhatti Vikramarka]] || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || AnAnisetti || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Kannil Kandaalum Sugam Tharum Veeran || ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Thiruttu Raman]]'' || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || Kanaga Surabhi || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannil Therindhum Kaikku Varaadha || ''[[Kaanal Neer (1961 film)|Kaanal Neer]]'' || 1961 || [[Master Venu]] || || [[P. Bhanumathi]] || [[Devika]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannil Thondrum Kaatchi Yaavum || ''[[Sugam Enge]]'' || 1954 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannil Vandhu Minnal Pol || ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannirandum Kavi Paadum || ''[[Thirudargal Jakkirathai]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Kann Koduththadhu Pole || ''[[Kavalai Illaadha Manithan]]'' || 1960 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[L. Vijayalakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannoda Kannu Kalandhaachu || ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannu Kannu Kalipi || ''[[Vanjikottai Valiban|Vijayakota Veerudu]]'' || 1958 || [[C. Ramachandra]] || || [[P. Leela]] || [[Vyjayanthimala]] || Telugu
|-
| Kannukkulle Minnalaadudhu || ''[[Maya Manithan]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannulalo Vennelalo || ''[[Manohara (film)|Manohara]]'' || 1954 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| [[Kannum Kannum Kalanthu]] || ''[[Vanjikottai Valiban]]'' || 1958 || [[C. Ramachandra]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Vyjayanthimala]] || Tamil
|-
| Kannukkazhagaa Pengalai || ''[[Aval Yaar]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || V. Seetharamamm || [[T. V. Rathnam]] || || Tamil
|-
| Kani Suvai Tharum Amudhaave || ''[[Singari]]'' || 1951 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]], T. R. Ramanathan & [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kanulakudoche Chetikandani || ''[[Batasari]]'' || 1961 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[P. Bhanumathi]] || [[Devika]] || Telugu
|-
| Karuvande Katti Karkande || ''[[Kanavu (1954 film)|Kanavu]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] & [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Kasthoori Ranga Ranga || ''[[Annadata (1954 film)|Annadata]]'' || 1954 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || M. S. Padma || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Kasthoori Ranga Ranga || ''[[Annadata (1954 film)|Karpin Jothi]]'' || 1957 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || Pazhani Bhagirathi || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Kataragama || ''[[Asoka (1955 film)|Asoka]]'' || 1955 || P. L. A. Somapala || [[Karunaratne Abeysekera]] || [[Dharmadasa Walpola]] || || Sinhala
|-
| Kattandi Veera Kankanam || ''[[Veera Kankanam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Kazhani Engum Sathiraadum || ''[[Thirumanam]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] & [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Kizhakku Ninnoru Pennuvannu || ''[[Avar Unarunnu]]'' || 1956 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || || [[Miss Kumari]] || Malayalam
|-
| Kodai Idi Kaatru || ''[[Manamagan Thevai]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Devika]] || Tamil
|-
| Kodala Oka Maata || ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain|Premanuraagam]]'' || 1999 || Ram Lakshman || Vennelakanti || [[V. Ramakrishna]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] & [[K. S. Chithra]] || || Telugu
|-
| Koduththup Paar Paar Paar || ''[[Vidivelli]]'' || 1960 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]], [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & [[P. Susheela]] || [[Padmini Priyadarshini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kokara Kokarako Sevale || ''[[Pathi Bakthi]]'' || 1958 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Kolam Podum Penn Iva || ''Mudhal Manaivi'' || 1994 || Gnanadevan || Gnanadevan || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || [[Chithra (actress)|Chithra]] || Tamil
|-
| Kommulu Thirigina Magavaru || ''[[Bhatti Vikramarka]]'' || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || Anisetti || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Konaatha Marathinile... Onne Onnu || ''[[Petra Maganai Vitra Annai]]'' || 1958 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & [[P. Susheela]] || Kumari Rajamani || Tamil
|-
| Konda Meeda || ''[[Bhakta Raghunath]]'' || 1960 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || [[J. V. Raghavulu]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Kondapalli Bomma Laaga || ''Kumkuma Rekha'' || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || || [[Daisy Irani (actress)|Daisy Irani]] || Telugu
|-
| Konjam Kooda Kuri Thavaraadhu .. Thenamudham || ''[[Pennarasi]]'' || 1955 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Konjum Mozhi Pengalukku || ''[[Neelamalai Thirudan]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Koodu Sellum Paravaigalae || ''[[Kangal (film)|Kangal]]'' || 1953 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Koovudhu Koovudhu Seval Koovudhu || ''[[Pennin Perumai]]'' || 1956 || A. Rama Rao & B. Narasimha Rao || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[P. Leela]] || || Tamil
|-
| Kottu Melam Kottungadi || ''[[Sivagangai Seemai]]'' || 1959 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Kumari Kamala]] || Tamil
|-
| Krishna Prabho Maya Leela || ''[[Maya Manithan]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || Chandrakantha || Tamil
|-
| Kudakkalla Kimpuma || ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || Narayanababu || || || Telugu
|-
| Kulasala Sarasala || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Kuliridhe Suvai Madhu || ''[[Laila Majnu (1949 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' || 1949 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[S. D. Sundharam]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kunkumathin Pottukuthi || ''[[Naadodikal]]'' || 1959 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] || Malayalam
|-
| Kurumbaai Ennai Paarkkaadhe || ''[[Qaidi (1957 film)|Magudam Kaattha Mangai]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Kutthu Kummangu Koyyaa || ''[[Vanangamudi]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || Tamil
|-
| Laai Lalla Laai Lalla .. Uruludhu Peraludhu || ''[[Petra Maganai Vitra Annai]]'' || 1958 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[K. Jamuna Rani]] || || Tamil
|-
| Laa Ilaaha || ''[[Subaidha]]'' || 1965 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[P. Susheela]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Laali Laali Kanne Thaalelo || ''[[Nirdoshi (1951 film)|Niraparadhi]]'' || 1951 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & H. R. Padmanabha Sastri || M. S. Subramaniam || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Laatteriyaale Battri Polave || ''[[Iru Sagodharigal]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Lahari Lahari Lahari || ''[[Bharya (1962 film)|Bharya]]'' || 1962 || [[G. Devarajan]] || [[Vayalar]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasree]] || Malayalam
|-
| Lalalee Lalalee Azhagin Arbuthame || ''[[Kumari (1952 film)|Kumaari]]'' || 1952 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[M. P. Sivam]] || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Lambaadi Lambaadi Hoi Lambaadi || ''[[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|Chenchu Lakshmi]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| La Sokkaa Potta Navaabu || ''[[Gulebakavali (1955 film)|Gulebakavali]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Levoyi Chinnavada || ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Donga Ramudu]]'' || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Lol Lol Lol Machchan Unna Parthu || ''[[Paasavalai]]'' || 1956 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || Kumari Rajamani || Tamil
|-
| Loo Ambalamey || ''[[Jeevitha Satana]]'' || 1957 || [[Vedha (music director)|Vedha]] || [[D. T. Fernando]] || || || Sinhala
|-
| Maadhaa En Meedhu Karunai Illaiyaa || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Maalaa Maalaa || ''[[Snehadeepam]]'' || 1962 || [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || Renuka || [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] || Malayalam
|-
| Maalai Neram Vandhathu Paaru || ''[[Naan Valartha Thangai]]'' || 1958 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || Tamil
|-
| Maalai Sooduven Magizhvaai Aaduven || ''[[Naane Raja (1956 film)|Naane Raja]]'' || 1956 || T. R. Ramanathan || Kavi C. A. Lakshmana Dass || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Maalaiyidhe Nalla Verlaiyidhe || ''[[Marumalarchi (1956 film)|Marumalarchi]]'' || 1956 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || M. S. Subramaniam || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Maamaa Maamaa Pannaadai || ''[[Petra Maganai Vitra Annai]]'' || 1958 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Maamalar Thoovida || ''[[Rani (1952 film)|Rani]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & D. C. Dutt || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[S. Balachander]] || || Tamil
|-
| Maamogam Aanaen || ''[[Ratha Paasam (1954 film)|Ratha Paasam]]'' || 1954 || [[M. K. Athmanathan]] & A. V. Natarajan || || || Vidhyavathi || Tamil
|-
| Maanai Thedi Macchaan Varaporaaan || ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Maanai Thedi Vandhavare || ''[[Sri Valli (1961 film)|Sri Valli]]'' || 1961 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Maanasa Vedana || ''[[Bhakta Kuchela (1961 film)|Bhakta Kuchela]]'' || 1961 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Maanatthai Kaappadhu Ponnu || ''[[Mallika (1957 film)|Mallika]]'' || 1957 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Maanathe Ezhunilamaalikayil || ''[[Rebecca (1963 film)|Rebecca]]'' || 1963 || [[K. Raghavan]] || [[Vayalar]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasree]] || Malayalam
|-
| Maancholai Thannile.... Aasai Mugam Maarinadho || ''[[Paanai Pidithaval Bhaagyasaali]]'' || 1958 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Maaraju Vianavayya || ''[[Rojulu Marayi]]'' || 1955 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Tapi Dharma Rao]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Maarindi Maarindi Mana Raajakeyame || ''[[Raju Peda]]'' || 1954 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || || [[T. D. Kusalakumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Maarivilloli || ''[[Ashadeepam]]'' || 1953 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Malayalam
|-
| Maariye Kelamma || ''[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1956 film)|Kaalam Maari Pochu]]'' || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || Muhavai Rajamanickam || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Maarumaa Manam Emaarumaa || ''[[Thirudargal Jakkirathai]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Mabbula Chaatuna || ''[[Irugu Porugu]]'' || 1963 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Madhana O Madhana || ''[[Bhaktha Jayadeva]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Telugu
|-
| Madhavel Thanaiye || ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' || 1951 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Madhu Nilai Maaraadha .. Gaanatthaale Kaadhalaaginene || ''[[Koteeswaran]]'' || 1955 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Madhu Patram || ''[[Illarikam]]'' || 1959 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Madhuramaay.... Krishna Mukunda Vanamaali || ''[[Bhakta Kuchela (1961 film)|Bhakta Kuchela]]'' || 1961 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Madhuvidhuvin || ''Sthreehridayam'' || 1960 || [[L. P. R. Varma]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] || Malayalam
|-
| Makkalai Petra Maharasi || ''[[Makkalai Petra Magarasi]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || Title Song || Tamil
|-
| Malai Naattu Kuravar Naanga || ''[[Sri Valli (1961 film)|Sri Valli]]'' || 1961 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || Tamil
|-
| Malar Poongavinile Vanthu Ondraay Kooti || ''[[Gnana Soundari (Citadel film)|Gnana Soundari]]'' || 1948 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || Baby Rajamani || Tamil
|-
| Malaril Madhu Edharkku || ''[[Kalathur Kannamma]]'' || 1960 || [[R. Sudharsanam]] || [[M. K. Athmanathan]] || || [[L. Vijayalakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Malarum Manamum Poliruppom || ''[[Thanthaikku Pin Thamaiyan]]'' || 1960 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || Velsamy Kavi || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Malligai Poochendai Paaratthaan || ''[[Abba Aa Hudugi|Mangaikku Maangalyame Pradhaanam]]'' || 1960 || Jeevan || Puratchidasan || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Advani Lakshmi Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Manadhukku Theriyum Ennai || ''Enakkoru Magan Pirappaan'' || 1975 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]] || Tamil
|-
| Manam Aadudhu Paadudhu || ''[[Punar Janmam]]'' || 1961 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[S. Janaki]] || [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] || Tamil
|-
| Manam Naadum Dheivam Neeye || ''[[Anbu (1953 film)|Anbu]]'' || 1953 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Manamagizh (Musical drama) || ''[[Parijatham (1950 film)|Parijatham]]'' || 1950 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || K. V. Janaki || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Mana Magizhndhen || ''[[Maa Gopi|Jaya Gopi]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[A. P. Komala]] || || Tamil
|-
| Manam Ariyaadha Peraanandham || ''[[Marumalarchi (1956 film)|Marumalarchi]]'' || 1956 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || M. S. Subramaniam || [[A. P. Komala]] || || Tamil
|-
| Manam Pola Vaazhvu Peruvome || ''[[Manthiri Kumari]]'' || 1950 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Manam Polave || ''[[Kalyanam Seydhukko]]'' || 1955 || R. M. Ramaneekaran || Kalyan || [[A. V. Saraswathi]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Maname Nirantha Deivam Enaiye || ''[[Maheswari (film)|Maheswari]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]] || Tamil
|-
| Manamudan Naalum || ''[[Panduranga Mahatyam|Annaiyum Pithavum Munnari Dheivam]]'' || 1959 || [[T. V. Raju]] || Kuyilan || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Manasaina Vaada || ''[[Inti Guttu (1958 film)|Inti Guttu]]'' || 1958 || M. S. Prakash || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Manassamatham Thannaatte || ''[[Bharya (1962 film)|Bharya]]'' || 1962 || [[G. Devarajan]] || [[Vayalar]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasree]] || Malayalam
|-
| Manasa Nenevaro Neeku Thelusa || ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]]'' || 1952 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Pingali Nagendrarao]] || || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Telugu
|-
| Manase Dhochukune || ''[[Minor Raja]]'' || 1992 || [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] || [[Jaladi Raja Rao]] || [[V. Ramakrishna]] || || Telugu
|-
| Manchaadikkilimaina || ''[[Kattuthulasi]]'' || 1965 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[Vayalar]] || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] || Malayalam
|-
| Manjalum Thanthaal || ''[[Thenum Paalum]]'' || 1971 || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[S. Janaki]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Mangai Endhan Manadhil Inbam || ''[[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|Chenchu Lakshmi]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Mangili Rangammaa || ''[[Vikramaadhithan]]'' || 1962 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || Clown Sundaram || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Mannai Nambi Maram Irukka || ''[[Engal Veettu Mahalakshmi]]'' || 1957 || [[Master Venu]] || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Mannulagellam Ponnulagaga || ''[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] || Tamil
|-
| Manoraajyathu (Badarul Muneer) || ''[[Aayisha]]'' || 1964 || [[R. K. Shekhar]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[A. M. Rajah]], [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] & [[P. Susheela]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Maradala Maradala || ''[[Varakatnam]]'' || 1969 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Marapurani Manchi || ''[[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|Chenchu Lakshmi]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Maratthil Eruvaayaa Ye Singga Manadhil || ''[[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|Chenchu Lakshmi]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Mata Aalookey Gena || ''[[Aiyai Malli]]'' || 1957 || || || || || Sinhala
|-
| Mathanaa Ezhil Raja || ''[[Chella Pillai]]'' || 1955 || [[R. Sudarsanam]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] (Dialogues) || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Mattamaana Pechu || ''[[Maganey Kel]]'' || 1965 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Mayakkum Maalai || ''[[Gulebakavali (1955 film)|Gulebagavali]]'' || 1955 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || Vindhan || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Mazhai Megam Kaanaamal || ''[[Verum Pechu Alla]]'' || 1956 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || A. Maruthakasi || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Mera Kahan Hai Man Wo To || ''[[Gulebakavali (1955 film)|Gulebakavali]]'' || 1956 || [[Gyan Dutt]] || Pyarelal Santoshi || [[Talat Mahmood]] || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Hindi
|-
| Mey Herrdaye Mawadey || ''[[Aiyai Malli]]'' || 1957 || || || || || Sinhala
|-
| Miga Ullaasamaaga Pengal || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Minnalai Pole En Kaadhal || ''[[Kaithi (1951 film)|Kaithi]]'' || 1951 || [[S. Balachander]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Minnuvadhellam Ponnendru Enni || ''[[Gomathiyin Kaadhalan]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Mrogimpave Hrudaya Veena || ''[[Anna Thammudu (1958 film)|Anna Thammudu]]'' || 1958 || G. Aswatthama || B.V.N.Acharya || || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Mullai Malar Pol || ''[[Azhagi (1953 film)|Azhagi]]'' || 1953 || P. R. Mani || || || Revathy || Tamil
|-
| Mullai Poo Manakkuthu || ''[[Naan Vanangum Dheivam]]'' || 1963 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] || Tamil
|-
| Mukoorttha Naaum Mudivaachchaa || ''[[Pennin Perumai]]'' || 1956 || A. Rama Rao & B. Narasimha Rao || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Mungi Mungi || ''[[Kadalamma]]'' || 1963 || [[G. Devarajan]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[S. Janaki]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Murali Gaanam Idenaa || ''[[Santhanam (film)|Santhanam]]'' || 1955 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || Anisetti – Pinisetti || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Murali Ganam Ithe Than || ''[[Santhanam (film)|Santhanam]]'' || 1955 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || Kuyilan || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Ammaa Paaramma Arul Mevumamma || ''[[Santhanam (film)|Santhanam]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || Kuyilan || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| My Dear Meena || ''[[Mangalya Balam]]'' || 1959 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| My Dear Meena || ''[[Manjal Mahimai]]'' || 1959 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Naadagamellam Kanden || ''[[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|Madurai Veeran]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Naadakamantha Chooste || ''[[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|Sahasa Veerudu]]'' || 1956 || T. M. Ibrahim || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Telugu
|-
| Naageenu Baala || ''[[Sarangadhara (1957 film)|Sarangadhara]]'' || 1957 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Naalae Nalla Naalae || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || || [[M. V. Rajamma]] || Tamil
|-
| Naalumozhikuravayumaay || ''[[Kattuthulasi]]'' || 1965 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || || [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] || Malayalam
|-
| Naa Manasantaa Teesuko || ''[[Irugu Porugu]]'' || 1963 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Naa Manasentho || ''[[Nithya Kalyanam Paccha Thoranam]]'' || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || ||[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Naa Manasu Navvanela || [[Mangalasutram (1966 film)|''Mangalasutram'']] || 1966 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Naan En Varavendum || [[Paradesi (1953 film)|''Poongothai'']] || 1953 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || || D. B. Ramachandran || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Naan Kaanbeno Sodhariyaale || ''[[Devaki (1951 film)|Devaki]]'' || 1951 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[P. Leela]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Naan Kannda Sugamaa Sugamaa || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Naa Priyaa || ''[[Vaddante Dabbu]]'' || 1954 || [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Naan Raani || ''[[Zimbo (film)|Zimbo]]'' || 1958 || [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] || Kuyilan || || Krishnakumari || Tamil
|-
| Naan Unnai Nenaichchen || ''[[Kannil Theriyum Kathaikal]]'' || 1980 || [[Sankar Ganesh]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & [[Vani Jairam]] || [[Sripriya]] || Tamil
|-
| Naan Vazhndhathum || ''[[Vidivelli]]'' || 1960 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Naarigaa Naayanaa || ''[[Raju Peda]]'' || 1954 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || T. Sathyavathi || || Telugu
|-
| Naa Vayasu Naa Sogasu || ''[[Sri Krishna Maya]]'' || 1958 || [[T. V. Raju]] || Ravuru || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Nademaina Pachabottu || ''[[Bhale Ramudu]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Telugu
|-
| Naadhanin Aasi Kavara Vandhaaye || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Nalla Kaaril Erikondu || ''[[Manam Pola Mangalyam]]'' || 1953 || A. Rama Rao || Kanaga Surabhi || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Nallamalaa Yellamala || ''[[Stree Sahasam]]'' || 1951 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Nalla Nalla Sevai Naattuku Thevai || ''[[Porter Kandan]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || Azha. Valliyappa || || Baby Uma || Tamil
|-
| Nalla Ninnu Suttu || ''[[Rathna Manjari]]'' || 1962 || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || [[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]] || || [[Rajasree]] || Kannada
|-
| Nallanivadena || ''[[Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam]]'' || 1966 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[L. R. Eswari]] || || Telugu
|-
| Nalla Thamilzh Vilakke || ''[[Ellorum Vazhavendum]]'' || 1962 || [[Rajan-Nagendra]] || Villiputhan || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Malini (Tamil actress)|Malini]] || Tamil
|-
| Namma Dravidare Kulage || ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Vijaya Narasimha]] || || || Kannada
|-
| Nam Thirunaal || ''[[Mantra Dandam|Arasala Piranthavan]]'' || 1958 || Nallam Nageswara Rao || || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Tamil
|-
| Nanu Kanugonuma || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Nannu Pendladave || ''[[Penki Pellam]]'' || 1956 || K. Prasad Rao || [[Aarudhra]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Navaneedha Soranum Endru || ''[[Pillai Kaniyamudhu]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Navaneetha Chorudu Nandha Kishorudu || ''Krishna Prema'' || 1961 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[S. Varalakshmi]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Navaneetha Chorudu Nandha Kishorudu (pathos) || ''Krishna Prema'' || 1961 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[S. Varalakshmi]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Nedu Naamanasu Uyyalaloogene || ''[[Edi Nijam]]'' || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || || || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Nee Korake Nee Korake || ''[[Aada Pettanam]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Neeku Purtigaa Telusunugaa || ''[[Aah (film)|Prema Lekhalu]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Nargis]] || Telugu
|-
| Neela Kangalai || ''[[Rani (1952 film)|Rani]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & D. C. Dutt || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || D. C. Dutt || || Tamil
|-
| Nee Leela Lanni || [[Inti Guttu (1958 film)|''Inti Guttu'']] || 1958 || M. S. Prakash || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Nee Shoku Choodakunda || ''[[Thodi Kodallu]]'' || 1957 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Nee Thaane Ennasai || ''[[Laila Majnu (1949 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' || 1949 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[S. D. Sundharam]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Bhanumathi]] & [[P. Leela]] || || Tamil
|-
| Neevene Naa Chaduvu || ''[[Laila Majnu (1949 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' || 1949 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Bhanumathi]] & [[P. Leela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Nela Nadimi Vennela Haayi || ''[[Jayasimha (1955 film)|Jayasimha]]'' || 1955 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || || [[T. D. Kusalakumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Nellukkulle Arisi Irupadhu Avasiyam || ''[[Manamulla Maruthaaram]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Nenenduku Raavaali || ''[[Paradesi (1953 film)|Paradesi]]'' || 1953 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || Malladi Venkata Krishna Sharma || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || Anjali Devi || Telugu
|-
| Nenjil Theeyaai Indru || ''[[Zabak|Arabu Naattu Azhagi]]'' || 1961 || [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] || Kuyilan || || || Tamil
|-
| Nenu Needa Nera || ''Varalakshmi Vratham'' || 1961 || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || || || || Telugu
|-
| Nerampoyi Nadanada || ''[[Seeta (1960 film)|Seetha]]'' || 1960 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[Abhayadev]] || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Nerchevu Sarasalu Chala || ''[[Sati Sakkubai]]'' || 1965 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || || [[S. Janaki]] || [[Vanisri]] || Telugu
|-
| Nilaiyaadha Thunbam Nehrndhathinaale || ''[[Madana Mohini]]'' || 1953 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[M. P. Sivam]]|| || C. R. Rajakumari || Tamil
|-
| Nilave Nilave Odaathe || ''[[Thai Ullam]]'' || 1952 || [[V. Nagayya]] & A. Rama Rao || Kanaga Surabhi || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Ninaithaal Inikkum || ''[[Vidivelli]]'' || 1960 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Padmini Priyadarshini]] || Tamil
|-
| Ninaitthathu Yaro || ''[[Paattukku Oru Thalaivan]]'' || 1989 || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Gangai Amaran]] || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || [[Shobana]] || Tamil
|-
| Ninaive Avar Ninaive || ''[[Vazhvile Oru Naal]]'' || 1956 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]], [[T. G. Lingappa]] & [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || T. K. Sundhara Vathiyar || T. A. Mothi || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Ninnu Ckhoosamu || ''[[Bhakta Ambareesha]]'' || 1959 || L. Malleswara Rao || || [[S. Janaki]] || || Telugu
|-
| Ninugaana Sambarana || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Ninne Pelladesthanantu || ''[[Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)|Ninne Pelladata]]'' || 1996 || [[Sandeep Chowta]] || [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]] || [[Sowmya Raoh|Sowmya]], [[V. Ramakrishna]], [[Saandip]], Rajesh & Balaram || [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] || Telugu
|-
| Ninnu Nenu Maruvalenura || ''[[Mana Desam]]'' || 1949 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Nithyasahaaya Naadhe || ''[[Umma (1960 film)|Umma]]'' || 1960 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Nivewaravo Chiru Nawulato || ''[[Aah (film)|Prema Lekhalu]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Nargis]] || Telugu
|-
| O Aiyaa Daa Daa || ''[[Qaidi (1957 film)|Magudam Kaattha Mangai]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| O Aiyaa O Ammaa || ''[[Marma Veeran]]'' || 1956 || [[Vedha (Music Director)|Vedha]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[J. P. Chandrababu]], [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] & [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[Vyjayanthimala]] || Tamil
|-
| O Chigurakulalo Chilakamma || ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Donga Ramudu]]'' || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| O Chinni Bavaa || ''[[Manchi Manasuku Manchi Rojulu]]'' || 1958 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| O Devadhaa || [[Devadasu (1953 film)|''Devadasu'']] || 1953 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]] || Telugu
|-
| O Devadhas || [[Devadasu (1953 film)|''Devadas'']] || 1953 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]] || Tamil
|-
| O Mouna Raagam || [[Ullasa Paravaigal|''Prema Pichchi'']] || 1981 || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]] || || [[Unni Mary|Deepa]] || Telugu
|-
| Oho Bangaru Chilaka || ''[[Bhale Ammayilu]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Oho Basthi Dorasani || ''[[Abhimanam (1960 film)|Abhimanam]]'' || 1960 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Oho Endhan Raajaa || ''[[Thanthaikku Pin Thamaiyan]]'' || 1960 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || Velsamy Kavi || || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Ohoho Inta Challani Vela || [[Parivartana (1954 film)|''Parivartana'']] || 1953 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || Anisetti || || || Telugu
|-
| Oho Maharaja || ''[[Batasari]]'' || 1961 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Devika]] || Telugu
|-
| Oh Oru Jeevithame || ''[[Marumakal]]'' || 1952 || P. S. Divakar || [[Abhayadev]] || K. Prasad Rao || || Malayalam
|-
| O Katti Karumbe || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || || [[M. V. Rajamma]]|| Tamil
|-
| O Malliyakka O Rojakka || ''[[Makkalai Petra Magarasi]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[K. Jamuna Rani]] & [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || [[Sayee Subbulakshmi|Subbulakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Om Endra Pranavatthin.... Kalli Malai || ''[[Bhoologa Rambai]]'' || 1958 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || P. K. Atkondan || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]], [[S. C. Krishnan]] & [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| O Mister Baalu || ''[[Thirudadhe]]'' || 1961 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| O Mohgana Sendhaamaraiye || ''[[Qaidi (1957 film)|Magudam Kaattha Mangai]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || T. A. Mothi || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| O Nigarillaadha || ''[[Chella Pillai]]'' || 1955 || [[R. Sudarsanam]] || || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| O Saila Sutha Mataa || ''[[Bhatti Vikramarka]]'' || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || Anisetti || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| O Sakha Oho Sakha Neevedano || [[Sati Anasuya (1957 film)|''Sati Anasuya'']] || 1957 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || Telugu
|-
| O Sippaayi.... Anbe Nee Vaaraayo || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| O Sipaayi || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| O Siruchaalaiyil Or Kuyilamma || ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Thiruttu Raman]]'' || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Ondrupattal Undu Vazhvu || ''[[Ondrupattal Undu Vazhvu]]'' || 1960 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Ondu Goodide || ''[[Nanda Deepa]]'' || 1963 || [[M. Venkataraju]] || Sorat Ashwath || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || || Kannada
|-
| Onne Onnu Irukku || ''[[Kuravanji]]'' || 1960 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Onnum Onnum Serndhaaka || ''[[Alli Petra Pillai]]'' || 1959 || |[[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Oogave Uyyala || ''[[Maa Gopi]]'' || 1954 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || || || || Telugu
|-
| Oonjalil Oyyaara Ullaasam || ''[[Maa Gopi|Jaya Gopi]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Oorengum Thaedinaen || ''[[Then Nilavu]]'' || 1961 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Vasanthi (actress)|Vasanthi]] || Tamil
|-
| Oru Kaattum Kaattalla || ''[[Avar Unarunnu]]'' || 1956 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[Vayalar]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Oru Muraithaan Varum || ''[[Mangaiyar Thilakam]]'' || 1955 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Oru Naal Idhu Oru Naal || ''Anbukkor Anni'' || 1960 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Oruvan Orutthi || ''[[Veettukku Vandha Marumagal]]'' || 1973 || [[Shankar Ganesh]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] || Tamil
|-
| Othayadi Paadhayile || ''[[Aatha Un Koyilile]]'' || 1991 || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] || Kalidasan || || [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]] || Tamil
|-
| Othayadi Paadhayile || ''[[Aatha Un Koyilile]]'' || 1991 || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] || Kalidasan || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]] || Tamil
|-
| Otrumaiye Namakku Uyir Naadi || ''[[Neelavukku Neranja Manasu]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Ottu Maambazhathai Pole || ''[[Naan Valartha Thangai]]'' || 1958 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || || Tamil
|-
| O Vayyari || ''[[Tiger Ramudu]]'' || 1962 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Oyilu Kummi Podalaam Ullaasamaai || ''[[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|Chenchu Lakshmi]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || P. S. Vaidehi & T. Sathyavathi || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Paadam Sariyaa Master || ''[[Punar Janmam]]'' || 1961 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || Subbu. Arumugam || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] || Tamil
|-
| Paadave Preyasi Teeyagaa || ''[[Manohara (film)|Manohara]]'' || 1954 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || T. A. Mothi || P. K. Saraswathi || Telugu
|-
| Paadoo Maanasame || ''[[Ponkathir]]'' || 1953 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] || Malayalam
|-
| Paadu Pattu Payir Valartthu || ''[[Pattaliyin Vetri]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Master Venu]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Paarthanile Mudivu Kannden || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Paattaali Makkalin Sevai || ''[[Pudhumai Penn (1959 film)|Pudhumai Penn]]'' || 1959 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Pachchai Kilipaadudhu || ''[[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|Amara Deepam]]'' || 1956 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Pachchaiyilum Neeyum Pachcha || ''[[Petra Maganai Vitra Annai]]'' || 1958 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Pahath Thenin Yai Gala || ''[[Jeevitha Satana]]'' || 1957 || [[Vedha (music director)|Vedha]] || [[D. T. Fernando]] || || || Sinhala
|-
| Pambaramai Aadalaam || ''[[Mayabazar|Maya Bajaar]]'' || 1957 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[P. Susheela]] || || Tamil
|-
| Pana Waage Loo || ''[[Aiyai Malli]]'' || 1957 || || || || || Sinhala
|-
| Panditlo Pellauthunadhi || ''[[Aah (film)|Prema Lekhalu]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Nargis]] || Telugu
|-
| Pannodu Pirandhadu || [[Vidivelli]] || 1960 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Pantapolalalo Egire Jantha || ''[[Sonta Ooru (1956 film)|Sonta Ooru]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Parama Jaanavara || ''[[Shivasharane Nambekka]]'' || 1955 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || || || || Kannada
|-
| Paraman Arulai Perum Maargamaa || ''[[Kalyanam Panniyum Brahmachari]]'' || 1954 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Parandhu Parandhu Enggum Thiriyum || ''[[Thaai Magalukku Kattiya Thaali]]'' || 1959 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || A. Nithyakala || || Tamil
|-
| Pattu Poochchi Polum Raani || ''[[Aval Yaar]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || Vidwan Lakshmanan || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Pedhavula Ragam || ''[[Panduranga Mahatyam]]'' || 1957 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Pem Sihiney || ''[[Jeevitha Satana]]'' || 1957 || [[Vedha (music director)|Vedha]] || [[D. T. Fernando]] || [[Mohideen Baig]] || || Sinhala
|-
| Pengalinaal || ''[[Manthiri Kumari]]'' || 1950 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Pengal Mattum Illai || ''[[Devaki (1951 film)|Devaki]]'' || 1951 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Penne Unadhazhagai Kandu || ''[[Paanai Pidithaval Bhaagyasaali]]'' || 1958 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Pennillaa Oorile Pirandhu || ''[[Illara Jothi]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Tamil
|-
| Perazhagi Premai Kalairani || ''[[Qaidi (1957 film)|Magudam Kaattha Mangai]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || [[K. Jamuna Rani]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Pesum Yazhe Pen Mane || ''[[Naam (1953 film)|Naam]]'' || 1953 || [[C. S. Jayaraman]] || [[M. Karunanidhi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[V. N. Janaki]] || Tamil
|-
| Pesum Yaazhe Penn Maane || ''[[Naam (1953 film)|Naam]]'' || 1953 || [[C. S. Jayaraman]] || [[M. Karunanidhi]] || || [[V. N. Janaki]] || Tamil
|-
| Podhum Sarithaan Mister || ''[[Punar Janmam]]'' || 1961 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || Subbu. Arumugam || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] || Tamil
|-
| Podu Dakku Mukku Dakku Thaalam || ''[[Rambaiyin Kaadhal (1956 film)|Rambaiyin Kaadhal]]'' || 1956 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Ponaa Varaadhu Idhu || ''[[Vaazhkai Oppandham]]'' || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Pon Meni Kaatti Unai || ''[[Naane Raja (1956 film)|Naane Raja]]'' || 1956 || T. R. Ramanathan || [[Bharathidasan]] || || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Ponnai Thedi Varuvaar || ''[[Senthamarai (film)|Senthamarai]]'' || 1962 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[L. R. Eswari]] & L. R. Anjali || || Tamil
|-
| [[Ponvandu]] Pudhu Poovai || ''Pirandha Naal'' || 1962 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Poolamma Poolu || ''[[Banda Ramudu]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] & N. D. V. Prasada Rao || || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Poomalai Ondru || ''Pathu Madha Bandham'' || 1974 || [[Sankar Ganesh]] || || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Rajasree]] || Tamil
|-
| Poomala Vittodiyirangiya || ''[[Achanum Makanum]]'' || 1956 || Vimal Kumar || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Poovaa Manamum Pootthadhu || ''[[Naan Petra Selvam]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Tamil
|-
| Poovanippoykayil || ''[[Manthravadi]]'' || 1956 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || [[Kumari Thankam]] || Malayalam
|-
| Poove Nalla Poove || ''[[Palattu Koman]]'' || 1962 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[P. Leela]] & [[Santha P. Nair]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Poraadum Vanmai || ''[[Rani (1952 film)|Rani]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & D. C. Dutt || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || || Tamil
|-
| Prajakalundo Prajakalundo || ''[[Seeta (1960 film)|Seetha]]'' || 1960 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[Abhayadev]] || [[A. M. Rajah]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]], Punitha || || Malayalam
|-
| Premada Preetiya Poojari || ''Bhaagyachakra'' || 1956 || [[Vijaya Bhaskar]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Kannada
|-
| Premaiyinaale Naanum || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] || [[M. V. Rajamma]] || Tamil
|-
| Prema Janga || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Prema Tamaashaa || ''[[Vachina Kodalu Nachindi]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Pudhu Azhagai Rasikka Varum || ''[[Aval Yaar]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || || Tamil
|-
| Pudhu Ulaga Sirpigal Naame || ''[[Kalyanam Panniyum Brahmachari]]'' || 1954 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Pudhu Yugam, Pudhu Yugam || ''[[Pudhu Yugam (1954 film)|Pudhu Yugam]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[P. Leela]] || || Tamil
|-
| Pulakinchani Madi || [[Pelli Kanuka (1960 film)|''Pelli Kanuka'']] || 1960 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Punnagai Thanai Veesi || ''[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1956 film)|Kaalam Maari Pochu]]'' || 1956 || [[Master Venu]] || Muhavai Rajamanickam || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Puttaloni Nagamma || ''[[Varakatnam]]'' || 1969 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[C. Narayana Reddy]] || [[P. Susheela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Raagadhe Naa Mohini || ''[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Veera Prathap]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Ramanathan]] & [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[T. G. Kamala Devi]] & [[S. Janaki]] || [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || Telugu
|-
| Raaga Sudharasa || ''[[Missamma]]'' || 1955 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Tyagaraja]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Raajaadhi Raajaa || ''[[Sreerama Pattabhishekam]]'' || 1962 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || [[A. P. Komala]] & P. S. Vaidehi || [[Miss Kumari]] || Malayalam
|-
| Raajakumari [Badarul Muneer] || ''[[Aayisha]]'' || 1964 || [[R. K. Shekhar]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || [[A. M. Rajah]], [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] & [[P. Susheela]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Raajasegara En Mel || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Raajasekhara Neepaai || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Raaju Neevoy || [[Inti Guttu (1958 film)|''Inti Guttu'']] || 1958 || M. S. Prakash || [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Raaju Peda || ''[[Palletooru]]'' || 1952 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || [[P. Leela]] || || Telugu
|-
| Raaka Raaka Vachchadu || ''[[Ardhangi]]'' || 1955 || [[Master Venu]] & [[B. Narasimha Rao]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Raa Raa Maaraa Kumaraa || ''Kanakadurga Pooja Mahima'' || 1960 || [[Rajan–Nagendra]] || || || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Raaroyi Maa Intiki || ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Donga Ramudu]]'' || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Raariro Raarariro || ''[[Umma (1960 film)|Umma]]'' || 1960 || [[M. S. Baburaj]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Raasi Nalla Raasi || ''Veettu Mappillai'' || 1973 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Prameela]] || Tamil
|-
| Raatthiri Pootthadhu Kaattu Roja || ''Dhayam Onnu'' || 1988 || [[Ilayaraaja]] || [[Gangai Amaran]] || || [[Silk Smitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Raave Raave || ''[[Veera Kankanam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Raave Raave Jaabili || ''[[Sobha (1958 film)|Sobha]]'' || 1958 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || P. Vasanth Kumar Reddy || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Raave Radha Rani Raave || ''[[Shanthi Nivasam]]'' || 1960 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Raavoyi Raavoyi || ''[[Manohara (film)|Manohara]]'' || 1954 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || [[Kumari Kamala]] || Telugu
|-
| Raavoyi Sakhaa || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Rammante Vachaaru Ammaayi Garu || ''[[Atha Okinti Kodale]]'' || 1958 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| Rarada Madi Ninne || ''[[Aah (film)|Prema Lekhalu]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Nargis]] || Telugu
|-
| Regina Aasa || ''[[Charana Daasi]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Roopai Kasulone || ''[[Santosham (1955 film)|Santosham]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Saira Saira Thimmannaa || ''[[Atha Okinti Kodale]]'' || 1958 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || || Telugu
|-
| Sakuntala (Natakam) || ''[[Mahakavi Kalidasu]]'' || 1960 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Kalidasa]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || Telugu
|-
| Salaam Baabu || ''[[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)|Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Waheeda Rehman]] || Tamil
|-
| Samayamidi Dayera Sarasuda || ''[[Pelli Sandadi (1959 film)|Pelli Sandadi]]'' || 1959 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Sandhosham Kollame Saapaadum Illaame || ''[[Kaveri (1955 film)|Kaveri]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Sangeetham Paadi Sandhosham || ''[[Thangam Manasu Thangam]]'' || 1960 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Santhosham Veno || ''[[Jailppulli]]'' || 1957 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || [[Miss Kumari]] || Malayalam
|-
| Sariyaa Theinjaa Savaal Vidu || ''[[Kalaivaanan]]'' || 1959 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Seemaangalum Komaangalum || ''[[Raju Peda|Aandi Petra Selvam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || Kuyilan || || || Tamil
|-
| Seivom Ippave Kalyaanam || ''[[Manthiri Kumaran]]'' || 1963 || [[Rajan-Nagendra]] || Puratchidasan || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || || Tamil
|-
| Selvame Chithirame Poondhere || ''[[Pangali]]'' || 1992 || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || || || || Tamil
|-
| Sendhamizh Naattu Solaiyile || ''[[Sugam Enge]]'' || 1954 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Sendhamizh Naattu Solaiyile (Bit) || ''[[Sugam Enge]]'' || 1954 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Sen Thamaraiye || ''Puhuntha Veedu'' || 1972 || [[Sankar Ganesh]] || Vichithra || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Chandrakala]] || Tamil
|-
| Shramadi Naav Dudidhu || ''[[Vathsalya]]'' || 1965 || Vijaya Krishnamurthy || Sorat Aswath || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] || Kannada
|-
| Singaara Bommai || ''[[Pattaliyin Vetri]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Master Venu]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Singaara Poongavil Aaduvome || ''[[Soubhagyavathi]]'' || 1957 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] & M. S. Gnanamani || [[Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Singaara Sangeethame || ''[[Neelavukku Neranja Manasu]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] & [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Singaara Thoppile Chellakkili Tholile || ''[[Meenda Sorgam]]'' || 1960 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || || [[S. Janaki]] || || Tamil
|-
| Singakutti Andha Thangakatti || ''[[Sengottai Singam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Siricha Podhum Sinnanchiru Ponnu || ''[[Baghdad Thirudan]]'' || 1960 || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Sirikkiran Moraikkiran || ''[[Neelamalai Thirudan]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Siri Siri Hayi || ''[[Stree Sahasam]]'' || 1951 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Sirpi Sedhukkaadha Porchilaiye || ''[[Edhir Paradhathu]]'' || 1954 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || K. P. Kamatchisundharam || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Sirunagai Valar || ''[[Maa Gopi|Jaya Gopi]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Sivakaama Sundhari.... Kanani Endhan Kaadhal Un Arulaal || ''[[Kaveri (1955 film)|Kaveri]]'' || 1955 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Siva Siva Moorthivi Gananatha || ''[[People's Encounter]]'' || 1991 || [[M. M. Keeravani]] || || || || Telugu
|-
| Sokkum Mozhiyaale || ''[[Vikramaadhithan]]'' || 1962 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || Puratchidasan || || || Tamil
|-
| Solla Venuma || ''[[Vijayapuri Veeran]]'' || 1960 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || M. Hemalatha || Tamil
|-
| Somarulaithe Thindiki Nashtam || ''[[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|Sahasa Veerudu]]'' || 1956 || T. M. Ibrahim || || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] || Telugu
|-
| Sogasari Kuluku || ''[[Veera Kankanam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Sri Hari Dheva Jegame Pugazh Jeeva || ''[[Chenchu Lakshmi (1958 film)|Chenchu Lakshmi]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Srimantulu Demantulu || ''[[Raju Peda]]'' || 1954 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || || || || Telugu
|-
| Sudhdham Seyyanum || ''[[Singari]]'' || 1951 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]], T. R. Ramanathan & [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Sugam Varuvadhu || ''[[Aval Yaar]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Sumabaana Bidu Mouna || ''[[Rathnagiri Rahasya]]'' || 1957 || [[T. G. Lingappa]] || Kanagal Prabhakara Shastry || || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Kannada
|-
| Summa Kidanthaa Sothukku Kashtam || ''[[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|Madurai Veeran]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[P. Leela]] || [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Summa Saappida Vaanga || ''[[Iru Sagodharigal]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Sundara Mey Veekaraley || ''[[Jeevitha Satana]]'' || 1957 || [[Vedha (music director)|Vedha]] || [[D. T. Fernando]] || [[Mohideen Baig]] || || Sinhala
|-
| Swagatham Swagatham Bhaktha Kuchela || ''Krishna Kuchela'' || 1961 || [[K. Raghavan]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[P. Leela]] & [[Santha P. Nair]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Taku Taku Tamakula Bandi|| ''[[Samsaram (1950 film)|Samsaram]]'' || 1950 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || Telugu
|-
| Tea Tea Soodaana Tea || ''[[Devaki (1951 film)|Devaki]]'' || 1951 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Thaalelo Kanne || ''[[Rani (1952 film)|Rani]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[K. D. Santhanam]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Thaam Thaam Thirinam || ''[[Irumanam Kalanthal Thirumanam]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || A. L. Narayanan || || || Tamil
|-
| Thaane Thandhaanane || ''[[Kathavarayan (1958 film)|Kathavarayan]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Thaaragai Solaiyile Vennilaave || ''[[Guna Sundari]]'' || 1955 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || Lakshmi Prabha || Tamil
|-
| Thaiyathaan Thaan Thimithaan || ''[[Dharma Devatha]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || || [[Relangi Venkata Ramaiah|Relangi]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Thallini Minchina || ''[[Abhimanam (1960 film)|Abhimanam]]'' || 1960 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Thallithalli Oh Vellam || ''[[Vanamala (film)|Vanamala]]'' || 1951 || P. S. Divakar || P. Kunjikrishna Menon || || Ammini || Malayalam
|-
| Thandhaana Thaana Thaanaa.... Senthaazham Poo || ''[[Annaiyin Aanai]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || || Tamil
|-
| Thanga Nilavil || ''[[Thirumanam]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] & [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Thanga Thalir Meni || ''[[Maya Manithan]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Sukumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Thanjaavoor Bommai Pole || ''[[Pudhiya Pathai (1960 film)|Pudhiya Pathai]]'' || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Daisy Irani (actress)|Daisy Irani]] || Tamil
|-
| Thanmanamae Nilai Dhaan Vaeraanaal || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || || [[M. V. Rajamma]] || Tamil
|-
| Thalai Vaazhai Ilai || ''[[Naan Yen Pirandhen]]'' || 1972 || [[Shankar Ganesh]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || [[S. Janaki]] || [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] || Tamil
|-
| Thavajeevitha Santhosham || ''[[Marumakal]]'' || 1952 || P. S. Divakar || [[Abhayadev]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Thavare Purindhu Pinnaal || ''[[Pudhu Yugam (1954 film)|Pudhu Yugam]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Thaye Nee Kan Paarai || ''[[Mallika (1957 film)|Mallika]]'' || 1957 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Thaaye Ninnarul Thaal Kadhi Endre || ''[[Bratuku Teruvu|Bale Raman]]'' || 1956 || T. A. Kalyanam || Kanaga Surabhi || || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Tamil
|-
| Teerenu Korika Teeya Teeyaga || Kumkuma Rekha || 1960 || ''[[Master Venu]]'' || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Teeyani Eenati Reyi || ''[[Santosham (1955 film)|Santosham]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || || [[G. K. Venkatesh]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Thela Thelavaare || ''[[Manohara (film)|Manohara]]'' || 1954 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || || [[T. R. Rajakumari]] || Telugu
|-
| Thela Thelavarenu Levandamma || ''[[Nammina Bantu]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Theli Theli Naa Manasu || ''[[Veera Kankanam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Thendral Vandhu Vilaiyaadum || ''[[Samaya Sanjeevi]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || N. R. Sandhya || Tamil
|-
| Then Idhazh Meley || ''[[Mathar Kula Manickam]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Then Kuyil Pole Isaipaadum || ''[[Pudhu Vazhvu]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] & [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || || [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Then Malar Poigayin Inabame Naan || ''[[Manthravadi]]'' || 1956 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || Kalyan || || [[Kumari Thankam]] || Tamil
|-
| Thennale Nee Parayumo || ''[[Manthravadi]]'' || 1956 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || [[Kamukara Purushothaman]] || [[Kumari Thankam]] || Malayalam
|-
| Then Pole Thedi Vaa || ''[[Bhoologa Rambai]]'' || 1958 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Then Venduma Illai Naan Venduma || ''[[Thalai Koduthaan Thambi]]'' || 1959 || [[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]] || [[Pattukottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || [[Malini (Tamil actress)|Malini]] || Tamil
|-
| Thikku Theriyaadha Kaattil || ''[[Paanai Pidithaval Bhaagyasaali]]'' || 1958 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Subramanya Bharathi|Mahakavi Subramanya Bharathiyar]] || || || Tamil
|-
|Thillaanaa Paattu Paadi || ''[[Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)|Pudhumai Pithan]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[J. P. Chandrababu]] || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Thirai Potu Naame || ''[[Raja Rani (1956 film)|Raja Rani]]'' || 1956 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Thirumanam.... Naalum Paartthaacchu || ''[[Thirumanam]]'' || 1958 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] & [[T. G. Lingappa]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[P. Leela]] & [[A. P. Komala]] || || Tamil
|-
|Thiruve En Deviye || ''[[Kokilavani]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Tambaram Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Thiruvilakku Veettuku Alankaaram || ''[[Manamulla Maruthaaram]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || Kamini || Tamil
|-
| Thiruvilakku Veettuku Alankaaram (Bit) || ''[[Manamulla Maruthaaram]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[B. Saroja Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Thulli Thulli Oduthe || ''[[Meenda Sorgam]]'' || 1960 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Thumbu Yavvana || ''[[Rathna Manjari]]'' || 1962 || [[Rajan-Nagendra]] || [[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]] || || [[Rajasree]] || Kannada
|-
| Thogai Inge Megam Ange || ''[[Thaai Magalukku Kattiya Thaali]]'' || 1959 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Thogai Mayil Odaiyile.... Thenaruvi Paadhaiyile || ''[[Sengottai Singam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || Velsamy Kavi || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Thoodhu Sellum Kogilam || ''[[Guna Sundari]]'' || 1955 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || Lakshmi Prabha || Tamil
|-
| Thottatthu Rojaa Malarndhadhu Raajaa || ''[[Mangalyam (1954 film)|Mangalyam]]'' || 1954 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Thudikkum Yauvanam || ''[[Aaravalli]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || || [[Mynavathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Thullaadha Manamum Thullum || ''[[Kalyana Parisu]]'' || 1959 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || || [[C. R. Vijayakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Thulli Thulli Odum En || ''[[Petra Manam]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || K. P. Kamatchisundharam || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Thulliye Odum Pulli Maan Polae || ''[[Ondre Kulam]]'' || 1956 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] & M. V. Ranga Rao || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Thunai Yaarum || ''[[Aasai (1956 film)|Aasai]]'' || 1956 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Thunbam Soozhum Neram || ''[[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|Amara Deepam]]'' || 1956 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Thuyar Soozhndha Vaazhvile || ''[[Inspector (1953 film)|Inspector]]'' || 1953 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || || || Tamil
|-
| Town Pakkakelloddura || ''[[Thodi Kodallu]]'' || 1957 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Telugu
|-
| Ulaavudhe Joraai || ''[[Cherapakura Chedevu|Illarame Inbam]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Ulagam Pugazhum Ezhil || ''[[Kokilavani]]'' || 1956 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Tambaram Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Ulagathukae Unavalikkum || ''[[Parijatham (1950 film)|Parijatham]]'' || 1950 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] & [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || [[Kambadasan]] || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || || Tamil
|-
| Ulavum Thendral || ''[[Manthiri Kumari]]'' || 1950 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Ullam Irandum Ondru || ''[[Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)|Pudhumai Pithan]]'' || 1957 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[C. S. Jayaraman]] || [[B. S. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Ullam Kollai Pogudhe || ''[[Neelamalai Thirudan]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Ullam Thulli Vilayaadi || ''[[Vanamala (film)|Vanamala]]'' || 1951 || [[P. S. Divakar]] || P. Kunjikrishna Menon || || Ammini || Malayalam
|-
| Ullatthai Urukkum Vanappu || ''[[Dongallo Dora|Pakka Thirudan]]'' || 1957 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || [[Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy]] || || [[E. V. Saroja]] || Tamil
|-
| Umaa Deviye Un Arulaal || ''Naga Panchami'' || 1956 || || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Unaal Naanee Uyirai Marandhen || ''[[Anarkali (1955 film)|Anarkali]]'' || 1955 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Unakkum Enakkum Uravu Kaatti || ''[[Illara Jothi]]'' || 1954 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Undhan Sabaiyil Endhan Vidhiyai || ''[[Mughal-e-Azam|Akbar]]'' || 1961 || [[Naushad]] || [[Kambadasan]] || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Madhubala]] || Tamil
|-
| Unnaale Vandhenaiyaa || ''[[Alladin and the Wonderful Lamp (1957 film)|Allavudeenum Arputha Vilakkum]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Undhan Kaadhal || ''[[Qaidi (1957 film)|Magudam Kaattha Mangai]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Unnai Ninaikka Ninaikka || ''[[Manidhanum Mirugamum]]'' || 1953 || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || [[S. D. Sundharam]] || [[T. R. Ramachandran]] || || Tamil
|-
| Unnaiyallaal Thunai Yaramma || ''[[Inspector]]'' || 1953 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || || || Tamil
|-
| Un Perai Ketten Thendralthanil Naan || ''[[Aah (film)|Avan]]'' || 1953 || [[Shankar Jaikishan]] || [[Kambadasan]] || || [[Nargis]]|| Tamil
|-
| Uruvaagumunne Kulaindhe || ''[[Inspector (1953 film)|Inspector]]'' || 1953 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Uttharavu Kodungo || ''[[Manavathi]]'' || 1952 || H. R. Padmanabha Sastry & [[Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao|B. Rajanikanta Rao]] || Chidambaram A. M. Nataraja Kavi || || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Uyirillaamal Ulaginile || ''[[Thozhan (1960 film)|Thozhan]]'' || 1960 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[P. V. Narasimha Bharathi]] & [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaadudhe En Manam || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] || [[M. V. Rajamma]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaadugindra Ezhai .. Mannil Veezhndhum || ''[[Panam Paduthum Padu]]'' || 1954 || [[T. A. Kalyanam]] || || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaana Jallu Kurisindhi || ''[[Sampoorna Ramayanam (1971 film)|Sampoorna Ramayanam]]'' || 1974 || [[K.V. Mahadevan]] || || || || Telugu
|-
| Vaana Villena Vandhu Kaadhalin || ''[[Ashadeepam|Aasai Magan]]'' || 1953 || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || Kuyilan || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaangaiyaa Vaanga || ''[[Meendum Vazhven]]'' || 1971 || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || [[Kannadasan]] || [[L. R. Eswari]] || [[Vijaya Lalitha]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaanil Kaanum Nilave || ''[[Aasai (1956 film)|Aasai]]'' || 1956 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaanil Nilavile || ''[[Zamindar (1952 film)|Jameenthaar]]'' || 1952 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Vaanmadhi Nee Arivaai || ''[[Avan Amaran]]'' || 1958 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaanmadhi Yaagiye Naam Ulaavalaam || ''[[Hatim Tai (1956 film)|Maya Mohini]]'' || 1956 || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Shakila (actress)|Shakila]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaaraai Nee Vaaraai || ''[[Manthiri Kumari]]'' || 1950 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || [[Madhuri Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaaraai Sukumaaraa Yen Manadhil || ''[[Gruhalakshmi (1955 film)|Gruhalakshmi]]'' || 1955 || B. S. Kalla, Sarala, T. A. Kalyanam & G. Nataraj || Guhan || || Bombay Meenakshi || Tamil
|-
| Vaaraai Thaaraai Neeye Raani || ''[[Dharma Devatha]]'' || 1952 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaaraai Vaaraai En Manohara || ''[[Ezhai Uzhavan]]'' || 1952 || H. R. Padmanabha Sastri || Kavi C. A. Lakshmana Dass || [[A. M. Rajah]] || || Tamil
|-
| Vaarunga Ammaa Maare || ''[[Athisaya Thirudan]]'' || 1958 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] & K. Prasad Rao || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaarungal Vaarungalen Maamo || ''[[Donga Ramudu (1955 film)|Thiruttu Raman]]'' || 1955 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Kannadasan]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaasamigum Malar Cholaiyile || ''[[Yaar Paiyyan]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savithri]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaayendru Sonnadhum Vandhaaye || ''[[Mamiyarum Oru Veetu Marumagale]]'' || 1961 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaazhga Engal Ponnaadu|| ''[[Raja Desingu]]'' || 1960 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[P. Leela]] || [[T. D. Kusalakumari]] || Tamil
|-
| Vaazhvellam Inbam Tharum || ''[[Aasai (1956 film)|Aasai]]'' || 1956 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || [[K. Jamuna Rani]] || Rita || Tamil
|-
| Vaazhvinile ... Pala Maarudhal Thaan || ''[[Vazha Pirandhaval]]'' || 1953 || [[G. Ramanathan]] & [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || || || Tamil
|-
| Vaazhvin Oliye Varuvaai || ''[[Kalyanam Seydhukko]]'' || 1955 || R. M. Ramaneekaran || Kalyan || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Vachchanu Nee Kosame || ''[[Alladin and the Wonderful Lamp (1957 film)|Allauddin Adhbhuta Deepam]]'' || 1957 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[S. Hanumantha Rao]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Telugu
|-
| Vachcha Pulliyum Thavaraadhu || ''[[Raja Makutam|Raja Makudam]]'' || 1960 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Vagalaadi Vayyaram Bhale || ''[[Annapurna (film)|Annapurna]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Vagaloi Vagalu || [[Pathala Bhairavi]] || 1951 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Pingali Nagendrarao]] || || || Telugu
|-
| Valapula Valaraja || ''[[Shavukaru]]'' || 1950 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || || Telugu
|-
| Valapulu Chilike || ''[[Vachina Kodalu Nachindi]]'' || 1959 || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Telugu
|-
| Valapu Thene Paata || ''[[Abhimanam (1960 film)|Abhimanam]]'' || 1960 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Aarudhra]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Valarum Kalaiyin Paalmathi || [[Velugu Needalu|''Thooya Ullam'']] || 1961 || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || [[P. Susheela]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Tamil
|-
| Vallenolli Maavaa Neena Magalani || ''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' || 1963 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Kannada
|-
| Vallona Sikkindira || ''[[Sri Gauri Mahatyam]]'' || 1956 || [[Ogirala Ramachandra Rao]] & [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || Rita || Telugu
|-
| Vanamevum Rajakumaraa || ''[[Raja Desingu]]'' || 1960 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Vandhadhu Vasandham Vandhadhu || ''[[Edhir Paradhathu]]'' || 1954 || [[C. N. Pandurangan]] || Kanaga Surabhi || [[A. M. Rajah]] || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Vandhadu Yogam Vaazhvile || ''[[Koteeswaran]]'' || 1955 || [[S. V. Venkatraman]] || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || [[P. Leela]] || || Tamil
|-
| Vandhu Vandhu Konjuvathen Vennilaave || ''[[Pennin Perumai]]'' || 1956 || A. Rama Rao & B. Narasimha Rao || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Vandu Vandhu Paadaamal || ''[[Nalla Theerpu]]'' || 1959 || [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Vannakkuyil Naane || [[Dongallo Dora|''Pakka Thirudan'']] || 1957 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || || [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || Tamil
|-
| Vanna Vanna Solledutthu || ''[[Senthamizh Paattu]]'' || 1992 || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] & [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || || Title Song || Tamil
|-
| Varaporaar Mappillai || ''[[Raja Vikrama]]'' || 1950 || [[S. Rajam]] || || || || Tamil
|-
| Vasandha Kaalam || ''[[Bommai Kalyanam]]'' || 1958 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || Tamil
|-
| Vastundoy Vastundi || ''[[Jayam Manade]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Varum Kaalam Ulagam Namadhendre || ''[[Avan Amaran]]'' || 1958 || [[T. M. Ibrahim]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Varundhathe Ezhai Maname || ''[[Mallika (1957 film)|Mallika]]'' || 1957 || [[T. R. Pappa]] || || || [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] || Tamil
|-
| Varuvaai Aasai Kiliye || ''[[Amma (1952 film)|Amma]]'' || 1952 || [[V. Dakshinamurthy]] || Chidambaram Varadarajan || Gokulapalan || || Tamil
|-
| Vayaari Raajaa Jilibi Valapula Raniroy || ''[[Roopavathi]]'' || 1951 || || || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || || Telugu
|-
| Veenaagumaa Vaazh Naal || ''[[Puyal]]'' || 1952 || S. G. K. Pillai & P. S. Divakar || P. S. Divakar || || [[M. V. Rajamma]]|| Tamil
|-
| Veena Poove Veena Poove || ''Kathirukanakkili'' || 1958 || [[G. Devarajan]] || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Veeragandham Pettinamaya || ''[[Jayam Manade]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Vellai Kudhiraiyile || ''[[Raja Bakthi]]'' || 1960 || [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || [[A. P. Komala]] || || Tamil
|-
| Velli Mulaithathu Vaanile Ammaa || ''[[Pattaliyin Vetri]]'' || 1960 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & [[Master Venu]] || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Tamil
|-
| Velli Panam Kaasu || ''[[Naan Vanangum Dheivam]]'' || 1963 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || || || [[Kumari Kamala]] || Tamil
|-
| Velugeleni Eelokana || ''[[Sobha (1958 film)|Sobha]]'' || 1958 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || P. Vasanth Kumar Reddy || [[J. V. Raghavulu]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Velugu Rekhalavaru || ''[[Seetharamaiah Gari Manavaralu]]'' || 1991 || [[M. M. Keeravani]] || [[Veturi]] Sundaramurthi || [[K. S. Chithra]] || || Telugu
|-
| Vennela Viruyunura || ''[[Sonta Ooru (1956 film)|Sonta Ooru]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || [[J. V. Raghavulu]] || [[Sowcar Janaki]] || Telugu
|-
| Vennilavu Poothu || ''Krishna Kuchela'' || 1961 || [[K. Raghavan]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || [[P. Leela]] & [[Santha P. Nair]] || || Malayalam
|-
| Venugaanammu Vinipinchene || ''[[Siri Sampadalu]]'' || 1962 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || [[P. Susheela]] & [[S. Janaki]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| Veyara Debba || ''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' || 1963 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Kannada
|-
| Veyara Debba || ''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' || 1963 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| Vidhiye Pagaye || ''[[Stree Sahasam]]'' || 1951 || [[C. R. Subburaman]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[S. Dakshinamurthi]] || || Telugu
|-
| Vikrama Raajendraa || ''[[Bhakta Kuchela (1961 film)|Bhakta Kuchela]]'' || 1961 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || [[Thirunainar Kurichi Madhavan Nair]] || || || Malayalam
|-
| Vilakketri Vaikkavum Illai || ''[[Engal Veettu Mahalakshmi]]'' || 1957 || [[Master Venu]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || || [[Rajasulochana]] || Tamil
|-
| Vinavoyi Batasari || ''[[Jayam Manade]]'' || 1956 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Virahavyadha Maracukatha || ''[[Shavukaru]]'' || 1950 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]] || || Telugu
|-
| Vinnil Vaazhum Dhevano || ''[[Manthravadi]]'' || 1956 || [[Br Lakshmanan]] || Nagai Mani || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || [[Kumari Thankam]] || Tamil
|-
| Virikindra Vennilaave || ''[[Bala Nagamma (1959 film)|Bala Nagamma]]'' || 1959 || [[T. V. Raju]] || || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Tamil
|-
| Virisindi Vintha Haayi || ''[[Bala Nagamma (1959 film)|Bala Nagamma]]'' || 1959 || [[T. V. Raju]] || [[Samudrala Jr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Vodduraa Kannayya || ''[[Ardhangi]]'' || 1955 || [[Master Venu]] & [[B. Narasimha Rao]] || [[Acharya Aatreya]] || || [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || Telugu
|-
| Vollanori Maamaa Nee Pillani || ''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' || 1963 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[J. V. Raghavulu]] & [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Telugu
|-
| Vunnaru Vunnaru || ''[[Santosham (1955 film)|Santosham]]'' || 1955 || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Vuntenemi || ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]'' || 1950 || [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] || [[Tapi Dharma Rao]] || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Yaaradi Nee Mohini || ''[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]'' || 1958 || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[A. P. Komala]] & [[K. Jamuna Rani]] || [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || Tamil
|-
| Yaaro Yaaro Vandhavar Yaaro || ''[[Vedhalam Sonna Kadhai|Madhu Malathi]]'' || 1968 || [[M. Ranga Rao]] || Devanarayanan || || [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] || Tamil
|-
| Yauvana Raanithaan || ''[[Mudhalali]]'' || 1957 || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]] || || [[M. N. Rajam]] || Tamil
|-
| Yedukondalavada Venkataramana || ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]]'' || 1952 || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Pingali Nagendrarao]] || || [[G. Varalakshmi]] || Telugu
|-
| Yeelamaavi Thotalona || ''[[Sobha (1958 film)|Sobha]]'' || 1958 || [[A. M. Rajah]] || P. Vasanth Kumar Reddy || || [[Anjali Devi]] || Telugu
|-
| Yekkadunnadi Dharmamekkadunnadi || ''[[Charana Daasi]]'' || 1956 || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Samudrala Sr.]] || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] || Telugu
|-
| Yendukoi Reraaju || ''[[Uma Sundari]]'' || 1956 || G. Aswathama || [[Vempati Sadasivabrahmam]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] || [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] || Telugu
|-
| Yetu Choosina || ''[[Irugu Porugu]]'' || 1963 || [[Master Venu]] || [[Aarudhra]] || || [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || Telugu
|-
|}

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 1 |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers 044 25361039 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |publication-date=December 2014 |pages= |language=Tamil}}
*{{Cite book |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 2 |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers 044 25361039 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |publication-date=November 2016 |pages= |language=Tamil}}
*{{cite book|title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru|publisher=Sivakami Publishers|author=Film News Anandan|authorlink=Film News Anandan|date=23 October 2004|location=Chennai|language=Tamil}}

[[Category:Discographies of Indian artists]]

World Diabetes Day

2026-02-03T21:28:53Z

Umaiordarame: refine references per sources and added references

{{Short description|Global awareness campaign}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Redirect|WDD}}
{{Infobox holiday
| type =
| holiday_name = World Diabetes Day
| image = File:World Diabetes Day logo.svg
| observedby = worldwide
| date =
| caption = World Diabetes Day logo.
}}
'''World Diabetes Day (WDD)''' is the primary global [[awareness campaign]] focusing on [[diabetes mellitus]] and is [[list of minor secular observances#November|held]] on 14 November each year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worlddiabetesday.org/|title=World Diabetes Day | Diabetes: protect your family|author=International DiabetesFederation}}</ref>

WDD is led by the [[International Diabetes Federation]] (IDF), and each World Diabetes Day focuses on a theme related to diabetes. [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|Type 2 diabetes]] is a largely preventable and treatable [[non-communicable disease]] that is rapidly increasing in numbers worldwide. [[Type 1 diabetes]] is not preventable but can be managed with insulin injections.<ref name="WDD_prevcamp">{{cite web|url=http://www.worlddiabetesday.org/en/the-campaign/previous-campaigns|title=Previous campaigns|access-date=4 November 2010|work=World Diabetes Day|publisher=International Diabetes Federation|archive-date=23 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723154255/http://www.worlddiabetesday.org/en/the-campaign/previous-campaigns|url-status=dead}}</ref> Topics covered have included diabetes and human rights, diabetes and lifestyle, diabetes and [[obesity]], diabetes in the [[disadvantaged]] and the [[social vulnerability|vulnerable]], and diabetes in children and [[Adolescence|adolescents]]. While the campaigns last the whole year, the day itself marks the birthday of [[Frederick Banting]] who, along with [[Charles Best (medical scientist)|Charles Best]], first conceived the idea which led to the discovery of [[insulin]] in 1922.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.62996/daj.005102024 | doi=10.62996/daj.005102024 | title=World Diabetes Day 2024 | date=2024 | last1=Jain | first1=Rajesh | last2=Seshiah | first2=Veerawamy | journal=Diabetes Asia Journal | volume=1 | issue=2 | pages=27–34 | url-access=subscription | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Blue Himeji Castle at night 09.jpg|thumb|[[Himeji Castle]] lit up for World Diabetes Day in 2008]]
World Diabetes Day was launched in 1991 by the [[International Diabetes Federation]] and the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in response to the rapid increase of diabetes cases around the world.<ref name="WDD_prevcamp"/><ref name="WHO">World Health Organization. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161108055013/http://www.who.int/life-course/news/events/world-diabetes-day-2016/en/ Promoting health through the life-course: World Diabetes Day 2016.] Geneva, accessed 7 November 2016.</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/diabetes-day#:~:text=The%20theme%20for%20World%20Diabetes,their%20condition%20and%20avoid%20complications. | title=World Diabetes Day }}</ref>

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2006 (A/61/L.39/Rev.1 and Add.1)]
61/225 for World Diabetes Day<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n06/507/87/pdf/n0650787.pdf | title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2006 | publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref>

By 2016, over 230 IDF Member Associations in more than 160 countries and [[territories]] were commemorating World Diabetes Day. IDF Member Associations were joined by international organizations, companies, [[health professional|healthcare professionals]], politicians, celebrities, and people living with diabetes and their families.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-week/celebrities-taking-part-in-diabetes-week.html | title=Diabetes Week Celebrities | website=www.diabetes.co.uk| date=20 August 2022 }}</ref> Activities on WDD include diabetes screening programs, radio and television campaigns, and sports events.

===Themes of World Diabetes day===

The theme of the previous [https://www.diabetesasia.org/magazine/world-diabetes-day-2021-2023/ World Diabetes Day] from 2021–2023 was access to Diabetes care.<ref name="auto"/>
*The theme for [https://www.diabetesasia.org/magazine/world-diabetes-day-wdd-global-awareness-campaign-dedicated-to-diabetes-mellitus/ World Diabetes Day] 2024–26 is Diabetes and Well-being. Over the next three years, the World Diabetes Day campaign will focus on:
# Physical [[well-being]]
# Societal well-being
# Mental well-being

* 2024-2026: Diabetes and Well-being.
* 2021–2023: Access to Diabetes Care.
* 2020: The Nurse and Diabetes.
* 2018–2019: The Family and Diabetes – diabetes concerns every family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Diabetes Federation – World Diabetes Day 2018–19 |url=https://www.idf.org/e-library/epidemiology-research/54-our-activities/455-world-diabetes-day-2018-19.html |website=www.idf.org |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223955/https://www.idf.org/e-library/epidemiology-research/54-our-activities/455-world-diabetes-day-2018-19.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2017: Women and diabetes – our right to a healthy future.
* 2016: Eyes on Diabetes.
* 2015: Healthy Eating.
* 2014: Go Blue for [[Breakfast]].
* 2013: Protect our Future: Diabetes [[Education]] and Prevention.

==See also==
* [[St. Vincent Declaration]]
* [[Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus]]
* [[World Health Day#2016: Beat Diabetes|World Health Day 2016: Beat Diabetes]] (WHO)

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://worlddiabetesday.org/about/ World Diabetes Day]
* [https://www.fastivalstatus.in/2020/08/world-diabetes-day-programme-2020.html World Diabetes Day programme 2020]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Diabetes]]
[[Category:Health awareness days]]
[[Category:November observances]]

Aseem Prakash (scholar)

2026-01-29T01:13:50Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up New Info Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian academic and public policy scholar}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Aseem Prakash
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater = [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
| occupation = Academic
| employer = [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]]
| known_for =
| title = Campus Director, TISS Hyderabad
| awards = Fell Fund Fellowship
}}

'''Aseem Prakash''' is an Indian academic and public policy scholar who serves as campus director and professor of public policy at the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad]]. He specializes in research on social discrimination, sociology, and inclusive development in India.<ref name="TISS-faculty">{{cite web |title=Aseem Prakash |url=https://tiss.ac.in/view/9/employee/aseem-prakash/ |website=Tata Institute of Social Sciences |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-29 |title=TISS Hyderabad holds convocation, V-C hails institute's diversity |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/tiss-hyderabad-convocation-v-c-institute-diversity-9594997/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> His books have been reviewed in multiple academics journals and publications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/when-inclusion-is-unfavourable/article7000153.ece|title=When inclusion is unfavourable|date=March 16, 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://publications.goettingen-research-online.de/handle/2/77339|title=Book Review: Aseem Prakash. 2015. Dalit Capital: State, Markets and Civil Society in Urban India|first=Sumeet|last=Mhaskar|date=June 1, 2017|journal=Journal of South Asian Development |doi=10.1177/0973174117715521|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>https://www.proquest.com/docview/2153713171/</ref>

==Early life and education==
Prakash was born in India. He completed his higher education at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU), New Delhi, at the Centre for Political Studies.<ref name="TISS-faculty"/> He earned his [[Master of Arts]] in Political Science, followed by a [[Master of Philosophy]] (M.Phil.) in Political Science, and subsequently completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D.) in Political Science from the same institution.<ref name="USIEF">{{cite web |title=Aseem Prakash |url=https://www.usief.org.in/meet-our-india-fulbr/aseem-prakash/ |website=United States-India Educational Foundation |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref> Following his doctoral studies, Prakash was awarded the Fell Fund Fellowship at the [[University of Oxford]], where he conducted post-doctoral research.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |title=Aseem Prakash |url=https://en.unesco.org/inclusivepolicylab/users/aseem-prakash |website=UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
In 2012, Prakash was part of a two-member founding team that designed and launched India's first postgraduate programme in Public Policy at the Jindal School of Government and Public Policy.<ref name="TISS-faculty"/>

Since 2016, Prakash has served as Campus Director of TISS Hyderabad, where he also holds the position of Professor in the School of Public Policy and Governance.<ref name="TISS-faculty"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-08 |title=138 students pass out with flying colours from Tata Institute of Social Sciences in Telangana |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/138-students-pass-out-with-flying-colours-from-telangana-institute/articleshow/96824824.cms |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As the founding Chairperson of the School of Public Policy and Governance at TISS Hyderabad, he has been instrumental in establishing the institutional framework for public policy education in India.<ref name="UNESCO"/>

Prakash has worked for the [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) and the Department of Planning, Government of Maldives, to prepare the framework for the first Maldives Institute of Policy Studies.<ref name="UNESCO"/>

==Research==
Prakash's research focuses on the interface between state and markets, regulation and institutions, sociology of markets, social discrimination, and human development.<ref name="TISS-faculty"/>

==Selected publications==
===Books===
* {{cite book |last=Prakash |first=Aseem |year=2015 |title=Dalit Capital: State, Markets and Civil Society in Urban India |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-82253-5}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mhaskar |first=Sumeet |date=August 2017 |title=Book Review: Aseem Prakash. 2015. Dalit Capital: State, Markets and Civil Society in Urban India |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0973174117715521 |journal=Journal of South Asian Development |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=206–209 |doi=10.1177/0973174117715521 |issn=0973-1741|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* {{cite book |last1=Jodhka |first1=Surinder |last2=Prakash |first2=Aseem |year=2016 |title=The Middle Class in India |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}

===Edited volumes===
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Bremen |editor1-first=Jan |editor2-last=Gurien |editor2-first=Isabelle |editor3-last=Prakash |editor3-first=Aseem |year=2009 |title=India's Unfree Workforce: Of Bondage Old and New |location=New Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Neve |first=Geert |date=October 2010 |title=India's Unfree Workforce. Of Bondage Old and New – Edited by Jan Breman, Isabelle Guérin and Aseem Prakash |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2010.00281.x |journal=Journal of Agrarian Change |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=588–591 |doi=10.1111/j.1471-0366.2010.00281.x |issn=1471-0358}}</ref>
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Harriss-White |editor1-first=Barbara |editor-link=Barbara_Harriss-White |editor2-last=Basile |editor2-first=Elisabetta |editor3-last=Dixit |editor3-first=Anita |editor4-last=Joddar |editor4-first=Pinaki |editor5-last=Prakash |editor5-first=Aseem |editor6-last=Vidyarthee |editor6-first=Kaushal |year=2013 |title=Dalits and Adivasis in India's Business Economy – Three Essays and an Atlas |location=New Delhi |publisher=Three Essay Press}}

==Awards and recognition==
* [[John Fell (bishop)|John Fell]] Fund [[Fellow]]ship, [[University of Oxford]]<ref name="USIEF"/>
* Initiated the dual degree MA programme in Public Policy and International Relations, a collaboration between [[TISS Hyderabad]] and [[Macquarie University]], Australia.<ref>{{Cite news |title=TISS, Macquarie University offer MA in public policy, international relations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/tiss-macquarie-university-offer-ma-in-public-policy-international-relations/article68051373.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
* Designed and launched India's first postgraduate programme in Public Policy at the [[Jindal School of Government and Public Policy]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=Appointments/Programmes/Announcements |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24479755 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=49 |issue=30 |pages=200–202 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Policy University in India {{!}} JSGP {{!}} JGU |url=https://jgu.edu.in/jsgp/admissions/ma-public-policy#:~:text=As%20the%20first%20public%20policy,applied%20to%20solve%20policy%20problems. |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=jgu.edu.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://tiss.ac.in/view/9/employee/aseem-prakash/ Faculty profile at TISS]
* [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?hl=en&user=uB-G_coAAAAJ Google Scholar profile]
* [https://en.unesco.org/inclusivepolicylab/users/aseem-prakash UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, Aseem}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian political scientists]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Chinnamandyam mandal

2026-01-27T03:45:50Z

Umaiordarame:

{{Short description|Mandal in Annamayya district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chinnamandyam mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Revenue division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Rayachoti revenue division|Rayachoti]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}
'''Chinnamandyam mandal''' is one of the 25 [[mandal]]s in [[Annamayya district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is a part of [[Rayachoti revenue division]]. The mandal used to be a part of [[Kadapa district]] and was made part of the newly formed Annamayya district on 4 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghavan |first=Sandeep |title=Andhra Pradesh floods: Death toll in Rayalaseema and Nellore districts goes up to 41 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/andhra-pradesh-death-toll-in-rayalaseema-and-nellore-districts-goes-up-as-floods-fury-continues/articleshow/87834445.cms |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Annamayya district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Annamayya district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Tere Sang Yaara

2026-01-19T18:11:50Z

Umaiordarame: starting data - done

{{Short description|2016 romantic song}}
{{notability|Music|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Tere Sang Yaara
| cover =
| alt =
| type = Song
| artist = [[Atif Aslam]]
| album = [[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| released = {{Start date|2016|7|6|df=y}}<ref name="express">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-romances-ileana-dcruz-in-rustom-song-tere-sang-yaara-2897667/|title=Akshay Kumar romances ileana dcruz in Rustom song Tere sang yaara|publisher=Express Web Desk, New Delhi|date=6 July 2016|accessdate=27 June 2017}}</ref>
| format =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Filmi]], [[Indian pop]]
| length = 04:58 (Audio)
04:54 (Video)
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| composer = [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]
| lyricist = [[Manoj Muntashir]]
}}

"'''Tere Sang Yaara'''" ({{Translation|With you, friend}}) is a [[Romantic (song)|romantic song]] written by [[Manoj Muntashir]], composed by [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]], and sung by the Pakistani singer [[Atif Aslam]]. The song is from the [[soundtrack]] of the 2016 Hindi film ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]''. The song's music video featured actors [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Ileana D'Cruz]].<ref name="ent">{{cite web |title=Rustom song Tere Sang Yaara: Superstar Akshay Kumar, Ileana D'cruz star in romantic prelude to killer punch |date=6 June 2017 |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/rustom-song-tere-sang-yaara-superstar-akshay-kumar-ileana-dcruz-star-romantic-prelude-killer-punch/314003/ |accessdate=27 June 2017}}</ref>

==Release==
The song released on 6 July 2016 by [[Zee Music Company]] on [[YouTube]]. The official video has received 82 million on YouTube as of August 2020. The audio version has released over 135 million views as of August 2020.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 July 2017 |title=Akshay Kumar's 'Rustom': Atif Aslam weaves melodious magic with romantic track 'Tere Sang Yaara' |publisher=[[Zee News]] |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/music/akshay-kumar-s-rustom-atif-aslam-weaves-melodious-magic-with-romantic-track-tere-sang-yaara_1903959.html |accessdate= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430205456/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/music/akshay-kumar-s-rustom-atif-aslam-weaves-melodious-magic-with-romantic-track-tere-sang-yaara_1903959.html |archive-date=30 April 2022}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[Times of India]] acclaimed the visuals of the music video as well as the lyrics and composition of the song. They wrote, "The chemistry between the lead pair (Akshay & Ileana) is impeccable and beautifully complements the soulful composition by Arko. The melody is dipped in romance and emotions, with heartfelt lyrics by [[Manoj Muntashir]] which reach out to your soul instantly. This dreamy song is just the perfect love story we all dream about".<ref name="yaara">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Atif-Aslam-ignites-romance-with-Rustom-song-Tere-sang-yaara/articleshow/53076941.cms|title=Atif Aslam ignites romance with Rustom song Tere sang yaara|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=27 June 2017}}</ref>

[[Indian Express]] in its review wrote, "Pakistani singer Atif Aslam has lent his voice to the soulful track, which creates magic with the heartfelt lyrics penned by Manoj Muntashir and soulful composition of music director Arko [...] The song shows Akshay (Rustom Pavri) who falls in love with Ileana at first sight and expresses his love in the most subtle way. From proposing to getting married, the song gives us a glimpse of his life".<ref name="express" />

== References==
{{reflist}}

{{Atif Aslam}}

[[Category:2016 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Atif Aslam songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Manoj Muntashir]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]

Miss Earth India 2016

2026-01-17T18:47:16Z

Umaiordarame: Added a post...

{{update|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| photo =
| caption = Miss Earth India 2016
| venue = Ramada Gurgaon Central, [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| date = October 3, 2016
| acts =
| entrants = 21
| broadcaster = [[Colors (TV channel)]], [[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom (TV channel)]]
| winner =[[Rashi Rao]]
| photogenic =
| congeniality =
| best national costume =
| presenters=
| theme= Beauty & Brain - Cause & Care
| before = [[Glamanand Supermodel India 2015|2015]]
| next = [[Miss Earth India 2017|2017]]
|placements=4}}
The second running of the [[Miss Earth India]] beauty pageant as an independent pageant was held in September 2016. It sought to support the causes of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and Green India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-05 |title=Delhi to host Miss Earth India to support Beti Bachao Beti Padhao |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/delhi-to-host-miss-earth-india-to-support-beti-bachao-beti-padhao/story-xN77zwqj7eRyEJIXDqrAhI.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The winner represented [[India]] at the [[Miss Earth 2016]] competition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-delhi-to-host-this-year-s-miss-earth-india-pageant-2174715|title = Delhi to host this year's Miss Earth India pageant}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stylewhack.com/entertainment/miss-earth-india-2016/ |title=Miss Earth India 2016 – A Pageant Contest or A Tormenting Farce? |website=stylewhack.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013144750/http://stylewhack.com/entertainment/miss-earth-india-2016/ |archive-date=2016-10-13}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fireflydaily.com/pageant-scam-revealed/ |title=Shocking: Contestant Reveals How Miss Earth India 2016 Was A Total Scam {{!}} Firefly Daily |website=www.fireflydaily.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013220235/http://www.fireflydaily.com/pageant-scam-revealed/ |archive-date=2016-10-13}} </ref>

==Results==
===Placements===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Placement
! Contestant
|-
|'''Miss Earth India 2016'''
|
* [[Rashi Rao]]
|-
| Miss Earth India Air 2016
|
* Shaan Suhas Kumar
|-
| Miss Earth India Water 2016
|
* [[Chum Darang]]
|-
| Miss Earth India Fire 2016
|
* Hemal Ingle
|}

==Finalists==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Contestant !! Age !! City
|-
| Aastha Abhay || || [[Jharkhand]]
|-
| Adya Shrivastava || || [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
| Akansha Mohan || || [[Maharashtra]]
|-
| Apurva Kumarley || || [[Gujarat]]
|-
| Bhavyata Sharma || || [[Rajasthan]]
|-
| [[Chum Darang]] || || [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|-
| Divyanshi Jain || || [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| Hema D Ingale || ||[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| Isha Chhabara || ||[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| Kirti H Pingale || ||[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| Nandini Singhwal || ||[[Uttarakhand]]
|-
| Nikeeta Bellgard || || [[New Delhi]]
|-
| Pallavi Sirohi || || [[Maharashtra]]
|-
| Pooja Katyal || || [[New Delhi]]
|-
| [[Rashi Rao]] || || [[New Delhi]]
|-
| Rituparna Gosh || || [[West Bengal]]
|-
| Sakshi Gupta || || [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| Shaan Suhas Kumar || || [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
| Shwetha Gadad|| || [[Karnataka]]
|-
| Samya Singh || || [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| Somya Sexana || || [[Maharashtra]]
|-
| Sonali Verma || || [[Uttarakhand]]
|-
| Tanvi Dixit || || [[Maharashtra]]
|-
| Upasana Singh || ||[[Maharashtra]]
|-
|}

==Crossovers==
{{colbegin}}
* '''''Bhavyata Sharma'''''
** '''Ru-Ba-Ru Miss India Elite 2014''' - (Winner)<ref>{{cite web|title=RUBARU MISS INDIA ELITE 2014, BEAUTY CONTEST FOR A CAUSE|url=http://www.fashionandflick.com/rubaru-miss-india-elite-2014-beauty-contest-for-a-cause/|work=fashionandflick.com|accessdate=31 October 2015}}</ref>
** '''Supermodel International 2014''' - (Semifinalist)<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMPUS PRINCESS FINALIST BHAVYATA SHARMA IN TOP 10 AT SUPERMODEL INTERNATIONAL|url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/campus-princess/archives/Campus-Princess-finalist-Bhavyata-Sharma-in-Top-10-at-Supermodel-International/articleshow/46186953.cms|work=indiatimes.com|accessdate=31 October 2015}}</ref>
** '''[[Femina Miss India|Campus Princess 2014]]''' - (Finalist)<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMPUS PRINCESS FINALIST AT MISS SUPERMODEL INTERNATIONAL|url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/campus-princess/archives/Campus-Princess-finalist-at-Miss-Supermodel-International/articleshow/45851568.cms|work=indiatimes.com|accessdate=31 October 2015}}</ref>
*'''''Rashi Yadav'''''
** '''[[Miss Diva]]''' - [[Miss Diva - 2015|2015]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/miss-diva-contestants/2015/rashi-yadav/contestantprofile/49014126.cms|title = Rashi Yadav-Miss Diva Contestants-Miss Diva-Beauty Pageant}}</ref>
{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}


{{Miss Earth India}}

[[Category:Miss Earth India]]
[[Category:2016 in India]]
[[Category:2016 beauty pageants]]

Westland Books

2026-01-12T17:44:02Z

Umaiordarame:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}{{Short description|Indian publishing house}}
{{Infobox publisher|name=Westland|founded={{start date and age|df=yes|1962}}|country=India|parent=Nasadiya Technologies Pvt. Ltd.|predecessor=Tata, Amazon|founder=Padmanabhan family|imprints={{plainlist|
*Context
*East West Books
*Ekada (formerly Eka)
*If
*Pratilipi Paperbacks
*Queer Directions
*Red Panda
*Tranquebar Press
*Westland
*Westland Business
*Westland Classics
*Westland Non-Fiction
*Westland Sport
}}}}

'''Westland Books''' or '''Westland Publications''' is an Indian [[Publishing|publishing house]]. It was co-founded by the Padmanabhan family in 1962, starting out under the name East West Books.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 February 2022 |title=Amazon-owned publisher Westland Books to shut down |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/books/amazon-owned-publisher-westland-books-to-shut-down/article64961514.ece |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=The Hindu BusinessLine}}</ref> [[Tata Group|Tata]] owned it from 2008 as a subsidiary under [[Trent (Westside)]].<ref name="Scroll Amazon" /> It was owned by [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] under Amazon Eurasia Holdings SARL from 2017 till 2022.<ref name="Scroll Amazon">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 October 2016 |title=Amazon acquires Westland publishers |url=http://scroll.in/latest/820190/amazon-acquires-westland-publishers |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=Scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Shrabonti |date=2022-02-01 |title=Amazon to shut down publishing house Westland Books |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/talking-point/amazon-to-shut-down-westland-publications-111643699055030.html |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> Imprints include Context, Ekada, Red Panda, Tranquebar, and others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Imprints - Westland |url=https://www.amazon.in/b?ie=UTF8&node=14142599031 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Amazon.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-01-17 |title=Westland launches new literary imprint Context |work=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/westland-launches-new-literary-imprint-context-118011700503_1.html |access-date=2022-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Harsimran |date=16 January 2018 |title=What will Westland's new politically-engaged literary imprint bring? Ask publisher Karthika VK |url=https://scroll.in/article/864852/what-will-westlands-new-politically-engaged-literary-imprint-bring-ask-publisher-karthika-vk |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

In February 2022, Amazon announced that it will be shutting down Westland Books, after having carried out a "thorough review".<ref name=PTI>
[https://www.thehindu.com/books/amazon-to-shut-down-publishing-house-westland/article38360006.ece Amazon to shut down publishing house Westland], The Hindu, 2 February 2022.
</ref><ref name=Mint>
[https://www.livemint.com/news/india/what-went-wrong-at-westland-books-11644074427112.html What went wrong at Westland Books?], Mint, 6 February 2022.
</ref><ref name=NewsMinute>
[https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/what-global-giants-do-authors-heartbroken-over-amazon-s-shutdown-westland-160793# This is what global giants do: Authors heartbroken over Amazon's shutdown of Westland], The News Minute, 9 February 2022.
</ref> In April 2022, it was announced that the Westland team was going into partnership with Indian online digital platform [[Pratilipi]] to continue publishing books.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Westland Books: No sale, writing platform Pratilipi to start publishing venture with same team |url=https://scroll.in/article/1020816/westland-books-no-sale-writing-platform-pratilipi-to-start-publishing-venture-with-same-team |access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In Westland team's move to Pratilipi, some cheer, some lingering confusion | url=https://www.news9live.com/art-culture/books/in-westland-teams-move-to-pratilipi-some-cheer-some-lingering-confusion-165756 |access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref>

== Authors ==

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |last=Narayanan |first=Chitra |date=5 July 2015 |title=Dearth of book shops challenge for publishers in India: Westland CEO |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/leadership-spotlight/story/westland-ceo-gautam-padmanabhan-on-publishing-in-india-48326-2015-06-29 |website=Business Today}}
* {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 April 2013 |title=Westland celebrates the success of Amish Tripathi's 'The Shiva Trilogy' |url=https://www.adgully.com/westland-celebrates-the-success-of-amish-tripathi-s-the-shiva-trilogy-53851.html |website=Adgully}}
* {{Cite web |last=Mazumdar |first=Arunima |date=19 March 2015 |title=Why Anuja Chauhan moved from HarperCollins after eight years and three bestsellers |url=http://scroll.in/article/714606/why-anuja-chauhan-moved-from-harpercollins-after-eight-years-and-three-bestsellers |website=Scroll.in}}
* {{Cite web |last=Modi |first=Chintan Girish |date=2022-02-08 |title=Inside the free fall of Westland Books: From disappointment to rage, how authors are reacting to Amazon's decision |url=https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/inside-the-free-fall-of-westland-books-from-disappointment-to-rage-how-authors-are-reacting-to-amazons-decision-10357141.html |website=Firstpost}}
* {{Cite web |last=Dasgupta |first=Sravasti |date=2022-02-02 |title=Indian readers mourn Amazon's sudden closure of beloved publishing house |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/westland-books-amazon-publishing-house-b2005894.html |url-access=subscription |website=The Independent}}
* {{Cite web |last= |date=2022-01-31 |title=Governor releases two books by Heartfulness Institute |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2022/01/31044329/1341360/Governor-releases-two-books-by-Heartfulness-Institute.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209160534/https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2022/01/31044329/1341360/Governor-releases-two-books-by-Heartfulness-Institute.vpf |archive-date=9 February 2022 |website=dtNext.in}}
* {{Cite news |author=Cris |date=2022-02-09 |title=This is what global giants do: Authors heartbroken over Amazon's shutdown of Westland |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/what-global-giants-do-authors-heartbroken-over-amazon-s-shutdown-westland-160793 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}
* {{Cite web |last=Modi |first=Chintan Girish |date=6 February 2022 |title=9 game-changing titles from Westland Books |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/features/9-game-changing-titles-from-westland-books-8044821.html |website=Moneycontrol}}

{{Publish-company-stub}}
[[Category:Defunct book publishing companies]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 1962]]
[[Category:Book publishing companies of India]]
[[Category:Amazon (company) acquisitions]]

Saptarshi Roy

2025-12-28T22:23:09Z

Umaiordarame:

{{Short description|Indian chess grandmaster (born 1986)}}
{{Distinguish|Saptarshi Roy Chowdhury}}
{{Indian patronymic|Saptarshi|Roy}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox chess biography
| name = Saptarshi Roy
| image =Saptarshi roy.jpg
|title=[[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (2018)
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1986|3|21|df=y}}
|birth_place = Kolkata, India
|country = India
|FideID = 5008980
|peakrating=2500 (February 2018)
}}
'''Saptarshi Roy''' (born 21 March 1986) is an Indian [[chess]] player, holding the title of [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]].

== Education ==
He is a Graduate with a Bachelor of Science from [[Calcutta University]] in Kolkata.

== Biography ==

He is the Son of Sri Amal Kumar Roy and Sri Supta Roy. Won 12 times State champion from 1994 to 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengalchess.in/|title=Bengal Chess Association}}</ref> He trained many [[international master|IM's]] and [[Grandmaster (chess)|GM's]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Saptarshi_Roy_Indias_51st_Grandmaster_Part_I|title=Saptarshi Roy is India's 51st Grandmaster – Part I – ChessBase India|date=9 March 2018|website=chessbase.in}}</ref> He facilitated a strategic training session, "King Hunts by GM Saptarshi Roy" attended by over 4000 students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Tuesday-King-Hunts-with-GM-Saptarshi-Roy-Part-I|title=Tuesday King Hunts with GM Saptarshi Roy – Part I – ChessBase India|date=17 September 2019|website=chessbase.in}}</ref> He was the [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] of India.<ref name="auto1"/>

== Chess career ==
International Master Title Spain [[Montcada i Reixac|Montcada]] 2006<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5008980|title=Saptarshi, Roy|website=ratings.fide.com}}</ref> National U-12 Champion 1998 A.P.

Join 3rd World youth Championship 1998 Paris, France.

National U-15 Champion 1999 [[Kerala]].

Champion In Nepal International open 2010. Got 1st [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grand Master]] Norm in [[Sant Martí (district)|Sant Marti]] Spain 2012<ref name="auto"/>

Got 2nd Grand Master Norm in Bangkok Open 2013.<ref name="auto" /> Got his final [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grand Master]] norm and Became the 51st GM of Indian History.<ref name="auto1" />

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5008980 Saptarshi Roy] rating card at [[FIDE]].
{{Indian grandmasters}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Saptarshi}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chess Grandmasters]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]

Rani Chennabhairadevi

2025-11-16T04:54:15Z

Umaiordarame: quick corrected lead for accuracy further and fixed typos

{{short description|Longest ruling queen in Indian history}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Chennabhairadevi
| image = File:Bronze statue of Rani Chennabhairadevi.jpeg
| caption = Bronze statue of Chennabhairadevi
| birth_date = 16 C.
| birth_place = [[Bhatkal]]
| death_date = Early 17th century
| death_place = [[Keladi]]<ref name="Avvarasi"/>
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| title = {{Ubl | Mahamandaleshwari | Queen of pepper | Avvarasi}}
| module = {{Infobox person |embed=yes
| family = [[Saluva dynasty]]
| known_for = {{Ubl | Longest ruled queen (54 years) | War against Portuguese in 1570}}
}}
}}

'''Rani Chennabhairadevi''', (also called '''Raina-Da-Pimenta''' {{lit|'''The Queen of Pepper'''}} by the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]),<ref name="QUEEN">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/399154/where-pepper-queen-ruled.html|title=Where the Pepper queen ruled|work=Deccan Herald|author=Chitra Ramaswamy|date=15 April 2014|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> was a 16th-century [[Vijayanagara Empire]] [[Jainism|Jain]] queen of Nagire province. She was officially known as '''Mahamandaleshwari Rani Chennabhairadevi'''. She is regarded as being the longest ruling queen in Indian history, from 1552 to 1606, a period of 54 years.<ref name="RANI">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2016/mar/07/chennabhairadevi-the-pepper-queen-of-india-who-ruled-for-54-years-900761.html|title=Chennabhairadevi, The Pepper Queen of India Who Ruled for 54 Years|work=Times of India|date=7 March 2016|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> She is also known for her wars against the Portuguese in 1559 and 1570, which she won and helped start commercial relationships with the Portuguese.

She earned the title "The Queen of Pepper" from the Portuguese ("Rainha de Pimenta" in [[Portuguese Language|Portuguese]]), as she exported a great amount of pepper and other spices to European and Arab regions through the ports of [[Bhatkal]] and [[Honnavar]].<ref name="Avvarasi">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2016/mar/07/chennabhairadevi-the-pepper-queen-of-india-who-ruled-for-54-years-900761.html|title=Chennabhairadevi the pepper queen of India who ruled for 54 years|work=The New Indian Express|date=7 March 2016|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>

== Nagire province ==
Nagire province, also known as the province of [[Gerusoppa]], was one of the small provinces under the control of the king of Vijayanagara, known as Mahamandala. The province followed the banks of [[Sharavathi river]] and extended from South Goa to Malabar.<ref name="DEVI">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=22119|title=Chennabhairadevi, The Pepper Queen of India Who Ruled for 54 Years|work=Bangalore Mirror|date=7 March 2016|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> Gerusoppa served as the capital of the province. The province was rich in spices and had important ports on the west coast, such as Bhatkal, Honnavar and Karwar. Jog Falls, India's second highest plunge waterfall is located near Gerusoppa. In fact locals call Jog Falls 'Gerusoppa Falls' after the province.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

The provinces of Bilgi and Keladi were Nagire's neighbours and often tried to conquer Nagire to extend their kingdoms.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/the-pepper-queen-of-karnataka-1128719.html|title=The Pepper Queen of Karnataka|work=Deccan Herald|author=Swatee Jog|date=21 July 2022|access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref> To counter them, Chennabhairadevi developed a good relationship with the Bijapur kings.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

==History==
The kings of one branch of the [[Saluva Dynasty]] of Vijayanagar ruled Gerusoppe while another dynasty ruled Haduvalli(Bhatkala). King Immadi Devaraya (1515–50) of Haduvalli, fought against the Portuguese. After his defeat in a fierce battle near MadaGoa in 1542, the Portuguese burnt down his capital Bhatkala.<ref>{{cite book |last= Dr. Gajanana |first= Sharma |title= Chennabhairadevi : Karimenasina Raniya Akalanka Charithe |date= 2021 |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/57881323 |location= |publisher=Ankitha Pusthaka |isbn=9788195113125 | orig-date= 2021 | page=11 }}</ref> His wife Chennadevi was the elder sister of Chennabhairadevi.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

The Portuguese captain Alfonso D'Souza attacked [[Bhatkala]], defeated Chennadevi and burnt Bhatkala,<ref>{{cite book |last= Dr. Gajanana |first= Sharma|title= Chennabhairadevi : Karimenasina Raniya Akalanka Charithe |date= 2021|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/57881323 |location= |publisher=Ankitha Pusthaka |isbn=9788195113125 | orig-date= 2021 | page=14 }}</ref> accusing her of sheltering non-cartaged Mohammedan ships in the port and for not paying Kappa as per the agreement with the Portuguese. After her elder sister, Chennabhairadevi got the power of Gerusoppe along with Haduvalli.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

== Reign of the Queen ==
Mahamandaleshwari Chennabhairadevi was praised by historians for being a good administrator. She reigned from 1552 to 1606.<ref name="GERUSOPPA">{{Cite news|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/jothe-jotheyali-serial-actor-anirudh-write-about-uttara-kannada-honnavar-the-pepper-queen-of-india-chennabhairadevi/articleshow/80226470.cms|title=ಕಾಳುಮೆಣಸಿನ ರಾಣಿ' ಚೆನ್ನಭೈರಾದೇವಿ ಆಳಿದ ಹೊನ್ನಾವರದ ಕಾನೂರಿನ ಇಂದಿನ ದುಸ್ಥಿತಿ ಬಿಚ್ಚಿಟ್ಟ ಅನಿರುದ್ಧ!|trans-title=Sad state of 'The Queen of Pepper' Chennabhairadevi's Kanur|language=Kannada|work=Vijaya Karnataka|author=Padmashree Bhat|date=12 January 2021|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>

Bhairadevi built [[Mirjan Fort]] on the banks of the [[River Aghanashini|Aghanashini]] river, using it to control the pepper business.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mirjan-fort-a-delight-for-history-buffs/article6649091.ece|title=Mirjan fort, a delight for history buffs |work=The Hindu |author=Nayak, Dinesh M |date=9 April 2016|access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Mirjan Fort 02.JPG|thumbnail|Mirjan Fort built by Chennabhairadevi, is located in present-day [[Uttara Kannada]] district.|249x249px]]

Chennabhairadevi's kingdom consisted of Dakshina Goa, Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada, Bhatkala, Malpe, Honnavara, Mirjan, Ankola, Byndur, and Karwar. Along with this coast, Bharangi, Marabidi, Karuru, Hannar, Bidanur, Saulnadu, Avinahalli regions on the Ghats were under the rule of Chennabhairadevi. [[Black pepper|Pepper]], [[cinnamon]], [[nutmeg]], [[ginger]] and [[sandalwood]] were exported to Europe during her reign.

[[File:Chaturmukha basadi, Gerusoppa (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|[[Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa|Chaturmukha Basadi]] in Gerusoppa|249x249px]]
The remains of the [[Mirjan Fort]] and Kanur Fort from her reign can still be seen. She built the [[Chaturmukha Basadi, Karkala|Chaturmukha Basadi in Karkala]] in 1562. The queen gave shelter in her kingdom to the Konkanis who sought refuge in Chennabhairadevi's kingdom to escape the conversion by the Portuguese. A Jain Rani helped to build and renovate many Shaiva, Vaishnava and Shakti temples. The Rani also assisted in the renovation of Yoganarasimha Swami Temple and Vardhamana Basadi in Baderu or Venupura. Abhinava Bhattakalanka of the Swadi Digambara Jain Math, author of the grammar book "Karnataka Shabdanushasana", was under the patronage of this queen.

{{quote box
|quote="Between Batikala (Bhatkala) and Goa there are places called Onor (Kanur), Marzen (Mirjan) and Ankola. I have heard that they export 5000 cruzados (a fifteenth century Portuguese gold coin) of pepper annually. These places were under the rule of the queen of Gerusoppe (Chennabhairadevi). These peppers are thicker, heavier and spicier than black pepper. These places should be taken under our control."

-Captain '''Alfonso Mexi''' of the Portuguese-held Cochin port.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=22119|title=Chennabhairadevi, The Pepper Queen of India who ruled for 54 years|work=Bangalore First|date=7 March 2016|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
|bgcolor = #CCDDFF
|align = left
|salign = right
|width = 20em
}}

==Wars against The Portuguese==
The Queen fought against the Portuguese in 1559 and 1570 and won both wars. She also commanded the united army of 1571. This united army included many kings including the Sultans of Gujarat, the Sultans of Bidar, the Adil Shahis of Bijapur and the Jamorin rulers of Kerala.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/203951/pepper-queen-gerusoppa-rani-chennabhairadevi-karnataka-unsung-portugal-women-rulers-india/|title=Ruling for 54 years, This Little-known 'Pepper Queen' Once Defeated Mighty Portugal|work=The Better India|date=25 November 2019|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==See also==

* [[Abbakka Chowta]]
* [[Kittur Chennamma]]
* [[Onake Obavva]]
* [[Unniyarcha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Karnataka topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennabhairadevi, Rani}}
[[Category:Indian women in war]]
[[Category:Women in 16th-century warfare]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Jain queens]]

[[Category:17th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian queens regnant]]
[[Category:16th-century women monarchs]]
[[Category:17th-century women monarchs]]

Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan

2025-11-14T21:04:50Z

Umaiordarame: Put Up First Page Basic Info.

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Appnapan.jpeg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = Indian soap opera
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| developer = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jaya Misra]]
* Anjali Bahura
}}
| screenplay = Tapasya Udayawar
| director = {{Plainlist|
* Jitu Arora
* Shivendra Mishra
}}
| creative_director = {{Plainlist|
* Tanushri Dasgupta
* Palki Malhotra
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Cezanne Khan]]
* [[Rajshree Thakur]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = {{Plainlist|
* Lalit Sen
* Nawab Arzoo
}}
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 113
| list_episodes =
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ekta Kapoor]]
* [[Shobha Kapoor]]
}}
| cinematography =
| editor = {{Plainlist|
* Vikas Sharma
* Vishal Sharma
* Manas Majumder
}}
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 24 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|06|15|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|11|18|df=y}}
}}

'''''Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan''''' ({{Translation|''Kinship – relation of changing relationship''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television drama series that aired from 15 June 2022 to 18 November 2022 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]. Produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] under [[Balaji Telefilms]], it featured [[Cezanne Khan]] and [[Rajshree Thakur]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/appnapan-promo-rajashree-thakur-cezanne-khan-come-together-ekta-kapoors-show-familial-relations-1023209?amp|title=Cezzane Khan and Rajshree Thakur come together for Ekta Kapoor's new show on family and relations|work=Pinkvilla|date=14 February 2022|access-date=2 June 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009085048/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/appnapan-promo-rajashree-thakur-cezanne-khan-come-together-ekta-kapoors-show-familial-relations-1023209?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/5-things-to-know-about-rajshree-thakur-and-cezanne-khans-show-appnapan-badalate-rishton-ka-bandhan-1195732?amp|title=5 things to know about Rajshree Thakur and Cezanne Khan's show Appnapan- Badalate Rishton Ka Bandhan|work=Pinkvilla|date=20 October 2022 |access-date=21 October 2022}}</ref>

==Plot==
After their separation, Pallavi and Nikhil raised their children alone. Nikhil raises Harsh and Manna, while Pallavi raises Barkha, Gagan, and Badal. However, despite their best efforts, they have not been able to overcome the absence of the other parent in their children's lives.

Fifteen years later, the two families meet when Nikhil returns to India, knowing that Barkha's marriage is arranged with Ishaan Agarwal. Understanding that Pallavi will not appreciate Nikhil's presence at the wedding, he returns to New York but sends money to Barkha as he is aware of Pallavi's financial situation. Barkha returns the money through Gagan, whom Harsh later accuses of stealing the money with the intention of troubling Pallavi for leaving him as a child.

Initially, the children are at odds with each other and their parents, but they resolve their misunderstandings and reunite. Persuaded by Nikhil's mother and the children, Pallavi and Nikhil decide to remarry. However, their happiness is short-lived due to the arrival of Pallavi's cousin Sonali, who was the cause of Nikhil and Pallavi's separation. Sonali manipulates Pallavi and marries Nikhil.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Cezanne Khan]] as Nikhil "Nick" Jaisingh – Kinnu's son; Nandita's brother; Pallavi's husband; father to Harsh, Manna, Barkha, and Gagan; and adoptive father to Badal.
* [[Rajshree Thakur]] as Pallavi Gulati Jaisingh – Teji's daughter; Nikhil's wife; cousin of Sonali; mother to Harsh, Manna, Barkha, and Gagan; and adoptive mother to Badal.

===Recurring===
* [[Leena Jumani]] as Sonali Gulati – Pallavi's cousin; Mahesh's ex-wife; Mayank's ex-girlfriend; Badal's mother.
* [[Anju Mahendru]] as Teji Gulati – Pallavi's mother; Sonali's aunt; Harsh, Manna, Barkha, and Gagan's grandmother; Badal's adoptive grandmother.
* [[Farida Dadi]] as Kinnu Jaisingh – Nikhil and Nandita's mother; Harsh, Manna, Barkha, and Gagan's grandmother; Badal's adoptive grandmother.
* Rinku Dhawan as Nandita Jaisingh – Kinnu's daughter; Nikhil's sister.
* Keshav Mehta as Harsh Jaisingh – Pallavi and Nikhil's elder son; Manna, Barkha, and Gagan's brother; Badal's adoptive brother.
** Hassaan as Child Harsh Jaisingh.
* Mehak Ghai as Manna Jaisingh – Pallavi and Nikhil's elder daughter; Harsh, Barkha, and Gagan's sister; Badal's adoptive sister; Ishaan's love interest.
** Aarna Khandelwal as Child Manna Jaisingh.
* Shraddha Tripathi as Barkha Jaisingh – Pallavi and Nikhil's younger daughter; Harsh, Manna, and Gagan's sister; Badal's adoptive sister; Ishaan's ex-fiancée.
** Aira Keyul Patel as Child Barkha Gulati.
* Gautam Ahuja as Gagan Jaisingh – Pallavi and Nikhil's younger son; Harsh, Manna, and Barkha's brother; Badal's adoptive brother.
* Anmol Kajani as Badal Jaisingh – Sonali and Mayank's son; Pallavi and Nikhil's adoptive son; Harsh, Manna, Barkha, and Gagan's adoptive brother.
* Jatin Shah as Ranveer – Pallavi's friend who had a crush on her.
* Suvansh Dhar / Shubham Dipta as Ishaan Agarwal – Nimmi's nephew; Barkha's ex-fiancé; Manna's love interest.
* Mrinalini Tyagi as Lalita – Pallavi's friend.
* Jay Zaveri as Shanky – Nikhil's friend.
* Mridula Oberoi as Nimmi Agarwal – Ishaan's aunt.
* Madhubala Atri as Bitti - Gagan's friend.
* Unknown as Mayank – Sonali's ex-boyfriend; Badal's father.

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Rajshree Thakur]] and Cezzane Khan were selected to play the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/ekta-kapoor-shares-promo-of-new-show-appnapan-with-rajshree-thakur-and-cezanne-khan-as-lead-1913330-2022-02-15|title=Rajshree Thakur paired opposite Cezzane Khan in Ekta Kapoor's next 'Appnapan' on Sony TV|work=India Today|date=15 February 2022 |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> Thakur portrayed Pallavi, while Khan portrayed Nikhil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajshree Thakur On Her Role In 'Appnapan...Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan': Pallavi is Resilient, Much Like Me|work=Outlook|date=13 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/rajshree-thakur-on-her-role-in-appnapan-pallavi-is-resilient-much-like-me-news-208864}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan's Cezanne Khan opens up getting a break from monotonous roles|work=Pinkvilla|date=3 May 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/appnapan-badalte-rishton-ka-bandhan-s-cezanne-khan-opens-getting-break-monotonous-roles-1081209?amp}}</ref>

Shraddha Tripathi and Mehak Ghai made their acting debut as Thakur and Khan's daughters, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shraddha Tripathi makes her TV debut with 'Appnapan...Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan'|work=Times of India|date=25 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shraddha-tripathi-makes-her-tv-debut-with-appnapan-badalte-rishton-ka-bandhan/articleshow/91794193.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Appnapan...Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan' actress Mehak Ghai raves about her bond with on-screen mother Rajshree Thakur|work=India Today|date=6 July 2022 |access-date=8 July 2022|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/television/soaps/story/appnapan-actress-mehak-ghai-raves-about-her-bond-with-on-screen-mother-rajshree-thakur-1970944-2022-07-06}}</ref> Mridula Oberoi was cast as the antagonist.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bad Girl: Mridula Oberoi to play the antagonist in 'Appnapan...Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan'|work=Times of India|date=18 June 2022 |access-date=25 June 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bad-girl-mridula-oberoi-to-play-antagonist-in-appnapan/articleshow/92304675.cms}}</ref>

In September 2022, [[Leena Jumani]] was cast in the antagonist role.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leena Jumani Opens Up On Playing A Complex Personality In 'Appnapan...Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan'|work=Outlook|date=14 September 2022 |access-date=16 September 2022|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/leena-jumani-opens-up-on-playing-a-complex-personality-in-appnapan--news-223379/amp}}</ref>

===Release===
The promos for ''Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan'' were released in February 2022. It premiered on 15 June 2022 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ekta-kapoor-drops-promo-of-her-new-show-appnapan-badalte-rishton-ka-bandhan/articleshow/89588317.cms|title=Ekta Kapoor drops promo of her new show 'Appnapan - Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan'|work=Times of India|date=15 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref>

==Crossover==
''Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan'' and ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]'' joined forces for an integration week, known as "Mahasangam Saptah". The episodes focused on the wedding ceremonies of ''Bade Achhe'''s characters, Vikrant and Sara, held in [[Meerut]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bade Acche [sic] Lagte Hain 2 and Appnapan.. Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan come together to entertain fans for the Mahasangram Saptah |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Times of India |date=20 July 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bade-acche-lagte-hain-2-and-appnapan-badalte-rishton-ka-bandhan-come-together-to-entertain-fans-for-the-mahasangram-saptah/articleshow/93003377.cms}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="3"|2022
|rowspan="3"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Drama)]]
|[[Rajshree Thakur]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=22nd Indian Television Academy Awards Nominations - Vote Now|access-date=9 September 2022|work=Indian Television Academy Awards|url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/}}</ref>
|-
|Popular Actor (Drama)
|[[Cezanne Khan]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Popular Serial (Drama)
|Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan
|{{nom}}
|}

==See also==
*[[List of programs broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=20232392}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/appnapan-badalate-rishton-ka-bandhan-1700000926 Appnapan - Badalate Rishton Ka Bandhan]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-appnapan-badalate-rishton-ka-bandhan-series-online-464c7080c97bb595d186242fd141bf7c Appnapan - Badalate Rishton Ka Bandhan] on [[MX Player]]

{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows|state=collapsed}}
{{Balaji Telefilms}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Appnapan - Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan}}
[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]