Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Assam

2026-05-07T10:37:20Z

UlrikeWeber: Stub

<noinclude>
{{topic|Assam}}
{{Deletionlist|Assam|India}}
</noinclude>

==Articles for deletion==

{{Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sangrang Brahma (2nd nomination)}}
{{Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Diphu Law College}}

==Proposed Deletions (WP:PROD)==
{{prodded|Guwahati Metro|1 September 2005}}

[[Category:Wikipedia deletion sorting|Assam]]
[[Category:Wikipedia deletion sorting by Indian state|Assam]]

Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan

2026-05-06T03:47:21Z

UlrikeWeber: New

{{Short description|Indian actor, director, and writer (born 1973)}}
{{Lead too short|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan সাত্যকী ডি'কম ভূঞা
| image = Sattyakee Dcom Bhuyan.jpg
| alt = close-up of Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan wearing light-coloured, traditional Indian clothing, grinning directly at camera
| caption = Bhuyan in 2023
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|3|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Guwahati]], Assam, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|director}}
| years active =
| parents = [[Dhiru Bhuyan]] (father)
| spouse =
| children =
| alma mater =
}}

'''Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan''' is an Indian actor, director, playwright, and writer from [[Guwahati]], Assam.<ref name="indiatodayne">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/interview-sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan-reveals-man-behind-theatrical-mask-405925-2020-05-05|title= Interview: Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan Reveals the Man behind the Theatrical Mask |date=5 May 2020 |publisher=India Today NE}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan was born in 1973 in [[Guwahati]], Assam, India. He is the son of [[Dhiru Bhuyan]], a celebrated actor and filmmaker.<ref name="sm">{{cite web|title=A Heartfelt Tribute to Dhiru Bhuyan: Commemorating 25 Years of an Assamese Theatre Legend|website=The Times of India|date=8 October 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/a-heartfelt-tribute-to-dhiru-bhuyan-commemorating-25-years-of-an-assamese-theatre-legend/articleshow/114026381.cms|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> He completed his schooling at [[Faculty Higher Secondary School, Amingaon]] and went on to receive his bachelor degree in English from [[Cotton University|Cotton College]] in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.cottonuniversity.ac.in/event_details?p=Q1RwbkNkVzEzMVA2R0N1eEhiUGNDUT09|title= Meet the industry expert – An interactive session with Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan |date=24 May 2023 |website=cottonuniversity.ac.in}}</ref> In 2000, he completed his masters in sociolinguistics at [[Gauhati University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indcareer.com/gauhati-university-guwahati/Departments/department-linguistics|title= Gauhati University Department |website=indcareer.com|date= 13 January 2012 }}</ref> while working at ''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]'' as a correspondent.<ref name=education>{{cite web |last1= Today |first1= North East |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2020/05/04/theatre-is-the-only-work-which-you-can-call-play-dcom-bhuyan/|title= Theatre is the only work which you can play |work= Northeast Today |date=4 May 2020 |publisher=North East Today}}</ref>

He developed an interest in theatre from an early age, influenced as he was by his father's career and the environment this placed him in.<ref name="Thumbprint-interview">{{cite web |last=Phukan |first=Mitra |title=Interview: Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan reveals the man behind the theatrical mask |website=Thumb Print – The Northeast Story |url=http://www.thumbprintmag.com/interview-sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan-reveals-the-man-behind-the-theatrical-mask/ |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
===Theatre and direction===
By the early 1990s, Bhuyan was active in English-language theatre in Guwahati. A 2010 profile in ''[[India Today]]'' reported that at the age of 23, he staged a production of [[Tennessee Williams]]'s ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire]]''.<ref name="IndiaToday-StageBright">{{cite news |title=Sattyakee D'Com Bhuyan: Stage Bright |work=India Today |date=25 September 2010 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/04-10-2010/story/sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan-stage-bright-743257-2010-09-25 |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

Bhuyan went on to found D'Passion Collective, a Guwahati-based theatre and storytelling group. A project description on UNESCO's International Year of Indigenous Languages 2019 platform identifies him as organiser of the "Indigenous Storytelling in Assamese (Axomiya) and Nagamese through Bamhum and Howey Music" initiative.<ref name="IYIL-Bamhum">{{cite web |title=Indigenous Storytelling in Assamese (Axomiya) and Nagamese through Bamhum and Howey Music |website=International Year of Indigenous Languages 2019 (UNESCO) |publisher=UNESCO |date=1 September 2020 |url=https://en.iyil2019.org/events/indigenous-storytelling-in-assamese-axomiya-and-nagamese-through-bamhum-and-howey-music/ |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref> The project was planned as a series of performances in [[Kohima]], [[Dimapur]], and Guwahati, with Bhuyan directing a musical storytelling work focusing on [[Nagamese creole|Nagamese]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]] oral traditions.<ref name="IYIL-Bamhum" />

===Writing===
Since 1991, Bhuyan has been a [[columnist]], writing articles and features for various regional and national newspapers and magazines across India. His contributions in the fields of music and culture have been featured in such publications as ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.thewire.in/byline/sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan|title=Articles by Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan|publisher=The Wire|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519155249/https://m.thewire.in/byline/sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[The Sentinel (Guwahati)|The Sentinel]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Papon brings Bollywood to Guwahati|website=Sentinel Assam|date=9 June 2018|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/epaper.sentinelassam.com/melange/papon-brings-bollywood-to-guwahati|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> and ''[[The Assam Tribune]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://assamtribune.com/culture/passion-for-theatre-1540879|title=Passion for theatre}}</ref>.

From 2005 to 2014, he worked as a communications associate for the [[International Finance Corporation]], based in [[Kolkata]] and [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pressroom.ifc.org/all/pages/PressDetail.aspx?ID=23692|title=IFC and Indian Industry Aim to Strengthen Trade in South Asia|publisher=International Finance Corporation|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519035207/https://pressroom.ifc.org/all/pages/PressDetail.aspx?ID=23692|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2025, he wrote a long-form piece for ''India Today NE'', reflecting on the long career of musician [[Lou Majaw]].<ref name="ITNE-Lou">{{cite news |last=Bhuyan |first=Sattyakee D'com |title=Still strumming at 78: Meghalaya celebrates the timeless dreams of Lou Majaw |work=India Today NE |date=16 April 2025 |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/video/still-strumming-at-78-meghalaya-celebrates-the-timeless-dreams-of-lou-majaw-1199775-2025-04-16 |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

===Teaching and mentorship===
Bhuyan has held academic and faculty roles at the Assam Royal Global University (RGU) in Guwahati. In an October 2025 report on TEDxRoyalGlobalUniversity, RGU described him as deputy dean of the Department of Student Welfare and as the lead licensee and curator of TEDxRoyalGlobalUniversity.<ref name="RGU-TEDx">{{cite web |title=Innovators and Changemakers Inspire at TEDx Royal Global University – Musical Tribute to Zubeen Garg by Pianist Nise Meruno |website=The Assam Royal Global University |date=8 October 2025 |url=https://www.rgu.ac/index.php/innovators-and-changemakers-inspire-at-tedx-royal-global-university-musical-tribute-to-zubeen-garg-by-pianist-nise-meruno |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

He is also associated with the Dr [[Bhupen Hazarika]] Centre for Creativity at RGU, participating in its literary and cultural programmes. A July 2025 report on a commemoration of poet [[Hiren Bhattacharyya]] listed him as deputy dean of Students' Welfare.<ref name="RGU-Hiren">{{cite web |title='Sugandhi Pokhilar Kobi' Hiren Bhattacharyya remembered at RGU |website=The Assam Royal Global University |date=4 July 2025 |url=https://rgu.ac/sugandhi-pokhilar-kobi-hiren-bhattacharyya-remembered-at-rgu |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

In November 2025, RGU launched the commemorative book ''Zubeen: Twenty Songs and Seven Portraits'', edited and compiled by Bhuyan and published by the Dr Bhupen Hazarika Centre for Creativity, during a programme marking the birth anniversary of singer [[Zubeen Garg]].<ref>{{cite news |title="Zubeen: Twenty Songs and Seven Portraits" Released; Scholarship Announced in Singer's Honour |work=India Today NE |date=19 November 2025 |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/lifestyle/story/zubeen-twenty-songs-and-seven-portraits-released-scholarship-announced-in-singers-honour-1306027-2025-11-19 |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

===Acting and directing===
Bhuyan has appeared in a small number of feature films from Assam and the wider northeast. In the 2017 action film ''[[Mission China]]'', he played a sniper.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm11777871/|title= Sattyakee Dcom Bhuyan |publisher=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/actor/sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan|title=Popular Celebrities |website= indianfilmhistory.com}}</ref> In [[Bhaskar Hazarika]]'s 2019 film ''[[Aamis]]'', he is credited as playing an opera singer.<ref name="Ravening-TVGuide">{{cite web |title=Ravening – Full cast and crew |website=TV Guide |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/ravening/cast/2000202664/|access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="Ravening-AllMovie">{{cite web |title=Ravening (2019) – cast and crew |website=AllMovie |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/ravening-am215804/cast-crew |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref> In [[Rajni Basumatary]]'s 2019 [[Boro language (India)|Bodo-language]] drama film ''[[Jwlwi: The Seed]]'', Bhuyan appears in a supporting role as a commanding officer.<ref name="Jwlwi-AllMovie">{{cite web |title=Jwlwi – The Seed – cast and crew |website=AllMovie |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jwlwi-the-seed-am227235/cast-crew |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="Kinorium-Sattyakee">{{cite web |title=Sattyakee Dcom Bhuyan – filmography |website=Kinorium |url=https://en.kinorium.com/name/5447011/ |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="Cine-Sattyakee">{{cite web |title=Sattyakee Dcom Bhuyan |website=Cine.com |url=https://www.cine.com/actores/sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan-2 |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

Bhuyan directed the 2023 documentary film ''The Platinum Gong'', celebrating the life of Lou Majaw.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Assam Tribune: E-Paper 3 Mar 2023 |url=https://epaper.assamtribune.com/epaper/pdf/2023/03/03/horizon/4731 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=assamtribune.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan |url=https://filmfreeway.com/SattyakeeDcomBhuyan |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref>

==Selected plays==
* ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire]]'': [[Tennessee Williams]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Sattyakee D'Com Bhuyan: Stage Bright |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20101004-sattyakee-dcom-bhuyan-stage-bright-744214-2010-09-24 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=India Today|date=25 September 2010 }}</ref>
* ''Where There's a Will'': [[Mahesh Dattani]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guwahati's theatre extravaganza: the organizers' perspective |url=https://academypublisher.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/g-plus-vol-3-issue-48-web-page-9.pdf |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=academypublisher.files.wordpress.com}}</ref>
* ''Ahh!!! Women'': [[Miro Gavran]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arclight on woman's life |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/arclight-on-woman-s-life/cid/1628100|access-date=11 October 2023 |website=telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
* ''30 Days in September'': Mahesh Dattani<ref name="auto"/>
* ''Clowning Glory – A Day in the Life of an Actor'': Sattyakee D'com Bhuyan <ref>{{Citation |title="Clowning Glory" Featuring Priyasha Bharadwaj Leaves Audience Charmed in Guwahati {{!}} G Plus | date=24 July 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S99qvmq0rS0 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glimpses from Day 1 of "Clowning Glory" at @lush_thecafe "Clowning Glory" kicked off with a bang at Lush, featuring the incredibly... |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cu__t1ZIBnf/ |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[Instagram]]}}</ref>
* ''Ami Asu''<ref>{{cite web|title='Ami Asu': Guwahati pays tribute to Dhiru Bhuyan with power-packed theatrical performance|website=India Today NE|date=7 October 2024|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/ami-asu-guwahati-pays-tribute-to-dhiru-bhuyan-with-power-packed-theatrical-performance-1103387-2024-10-07|language=hi|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="sm"/>

==Awards==
* India Today Youth Icon (2010)<ref name="indiatodayne" />


==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhuyan, Sattyakee D'com}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Artists from Assam]]
[[Category:Film people from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian artists]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Guwahati]]

Manikpur, Muzaffarpur

2026-05-04T21:13:44Z

UlrikeWeber: Adding A Details From Scratch!

{{More citations needed|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manikpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar
| coordinates = {{coord|26|02|03|N|85|08|08|E|region:IN-BR|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Muzaffarpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = [[Languages]]
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bajjika]]
[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Manikpur''' is a village in [[Muzaffarpur district]], [[Bihar]] state, India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-21 |title=Man beaten to death over passage blockade dispute in Muzaffarpur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/man-beaten-to-death-over-passage-blockade-dispute-in-muzaffarpur/articleshow/130401380.cms |access-date=2026-05-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahibganj Manikpur Fourlane: साहेबगंज-मानिकपुर फोरलेन का निर्माण कार्य रुका, सामने आई ये बड़ी वजह - Muzaffarpur News Sahibganj Manikpur Fourlane Construction Halted by Compensation Issues |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-muzaffarpur-news-sahibganj-manikpur-fourlane-construction-halted-by-compensation-issues-24034751.html |access-date=2026-05-03 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is situated on the banks of a Himalayan glacier-fed perennial river, the Baya Nadi River, NH-102 [[Saraiya]]. A four lane project Sahebganj to Manikpur is being takenup in September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुजफ्फरपुर: रोड बनाने को ली गई जमीन और मकान बनाने लगे लोग, साहेबगंज-मानिकपुर फोरलेन का काम रुका! |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/muzaffarpur/muzaffarpur-fourlane-construction-halted-illegal-construction-on-acquired-land-causes-disruption/articleshow/121454783.cms |access-date=2026-05-03 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

It is also known as Manikpur Darbar because of a prominent [[Bhumihar]] family commonly known as Singh Gautam family which was started by Babu Kodai Prasad singh and led by his son Babu Rameshwar Prasad Singh and grandsons Babu Badri Narayan Singh, Harishankar Prasad Singh and Shaligram Prasad Singh (Lalan babu), who, along with their sons, are still a prominent name in the region.

==History==
Manikpur donated many acres of land to the landless in their region and many acres to the government for making high, middle and primary schools, hospital and Gandak project in their region.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Muzaffarpur district]]

Satilal Murmu

2026-04-22T03:10:16Z

UlrikeWeber: New

{{short description|Santali writer and Yuva Puraskar recipient}}
'''Satilal Murmu''' is a Santali language Indian writer. He received the [[Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]] in 2011 for his work ''Jagron''.<ref name="SA2011">{{cite web |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp |title=Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar Winners |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* '''Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar''' (2011) – for ''Jagron'' (Santali)<ref name="SA2011" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in Sahitya Akademi Official Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murmu, Satilal}}
[[Category:Santali writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Santali people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Rajkot East Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:33:44Z

UlrikeWeber: Done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rajkot East
| mla = [[Uday Kangad]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajkot Lok Sabha constituency|Rajkot]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:297640}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 68
}}

'''Rajkot East''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]] district.

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following wards of [[Rajkot Municipal Corporation]]:

Rajkot Taluka (Part) – Rajkot Municipal Corporation (Part) Ward No. – 5, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |format=PDF |title=Delimitation Commission of India : Notification |publisher=Eci.nic.in |accessdate=2015-03-09}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Indranil Rajguru]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Arvind Raiyani]]<ref name=election2017/>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Uday Kangad]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]: Rajkot East Assembly constituency }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Uday Kangad]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=86194|percentage=46.38|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Indranil Rajguru|party=Indian National Congress|votes=57559|percentage=30.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rahul Bhuva|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=35446|percentage=19.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=2794|percentage=1.5|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=15.41|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:293185}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Rajkot East<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arvind Raiyani
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 93,087
|percentage = 53.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mitul Donga
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 70,305
|percentage = 40.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Madhubhai Gohel
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 2,236
|percentage = 1.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ajit Lokhil
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 1,927
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Karnabhai Maldhari
|party = Bharatiya Tribal Party
|votes = 574
|percentage = 0.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = None of the above
|party = NOTA
|votes = 3,587
|percentage = 2.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage = 13.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,74,869
|percentage = 67.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Rajkot|Rajkot East]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Indranil Rajguru
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 60,877
|percentage = 41.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kashyap Shukla
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 56,605
|percentage = 39.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,272
|percentage = 2.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 145,066
|percentage = 69.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Rajkot district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}

{{coord|22.26|70.89|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rajkot district]]
[[Category:Rajkot]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Viruthampattu

2026-04-18T21:51:57Z

UlrikeWeber: Stub

{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Viruthampattu
|native_name =
|native_name_lang = ta
|other_name =
|settlement_type = Town
|image_skyline =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|nickname =
|image_map =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption = Viruthampattu, [[Vellore district|Vellore]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|coordinates = {{coord|12.9437|N|79.1340|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[File: TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|alt=Tamil Nadu]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Vellore district|Vellore]]
|established_title = <! -- Established -->
|government_type =
|government_body =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_rank =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 235.84
|elevation_ft =
|population_total =
|population_as_of =
|population_rank =
|population_density_km2 =
|demographics_type1 = [[Language|Languages]]
|demographics1_title1 = [[Office|Official]]
|demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]
|demographics1_title2 = [[Speech]]
|demographics1_info2 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 632006<ref>{{Cite web |title=Virudhambattu Pin Code - 632006, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search vellore Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/tamil-nadu/vellore/virudhambattu-pincode-632006.html |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|area_code_type = [[Telephone|Telephone code]]
|area_code = +91416*******
|registration_plate = TN - 23 ** xxxx
|blank1_name_sec1 = [[Neighbourhood|Other Neighbourhoods]]
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Vellore]], [[Katpadi]], [[Sathuvachari]]
|blank2_name_sec1 = [[Corporation]]
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]]
|blank3_name_sec1 = [[District Magistrate|District Collector]]
|blank3_info_sec1 =
|blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
|blank4_info_sec1 = [[Arakkonam Lok Sabha constituency|Arakkonam]]
|blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
|blank5_info_sec1 = [[Katpadi Assembly constituency|Katpadi]]
|blank6_name_sec1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
|blank6_info_sec1 =
|blank7_name_sec1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|blank7_info_sec1 =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Viruthampattu''' is a town in [[Vellore district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |author=Dheepthi OJ |date=5 August 2024 |title=Vellore corporation to build 14 recovery centres to better manage plastic waste |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Aug/05/vellore-corporation-to-build-14-recovery-centres-to-better-manage-plastic-waste |access-date=23 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Dheepthi OJ|date=25 June 2024 |title=Vellore corporation selects quarries to handle solid waste |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Jun/25/vellore-corporation-selects-quarries-to-handle-solid-waste |access-date=23 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Location ==
Viruthampattu is located with the [[Geographic coordinate system|geographic coordinates]] of ({{coord|12.9437|N|79.1340|E}}) in [[Vellore]].

{{Location map many | India Tamil Nadu
| width = 200
| float = middle
| label1 = Viruthampattu
| pos1 = left
| bg1 = pink
| label1_width = 8
| mark1size = 6
| coordinates1 = {{coord|12.9437|N|79.1340|E}}
}}
== Religion ==
=== Hindu temples ===
Hindu temples such as Mariyamman Temple,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Maariyamman Temple, Viruthampattu - 632006, Vellore District [TM004849].,mariamman |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=4849 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> Kaliamman Temple<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Kaliyamman Temple, Viruthampattu - 632006, Vellore District [TM004192].,Arulmigu kaliamman temple,Arulmigu kaliamman temple |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=4192 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> and a [[Ganesha Temple|Pillaiyar Temple]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Pillaiyar Temple, Viruthampattu - 632006, Vellore District [TM004177].,pillaiyar,pillaiyar |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=4177 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> which are under the control of [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]], [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] are situated in Viruthampattu.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Vellore district]]

{{Vellore-geo-stub}}

Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl

2026-04-16T03:56:02Z

UlrikeWeber: Adding Initial Article From Scratch!

{{Short description|Organization fighting for women's rights}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl
| full_name =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = Pranab_Mukherjee_presenting_the_Nari_Shakti_Puruskars_for_the_year_2016_to_Mizo_Hmeichhe_Insuikhawm_Pawi_(M.H.I.P),_Mizoram,_at_a_function,_on_the_occasion_of_the_International_Women’s_Day,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan,_in_New_Delhi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = Woman on left receiving award from man on right
| caption = A representative receives the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]]
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1974|07|06}}
| founder = [[Sangkhumi Bualchhuak|B. Sangkhumi]]
| region_served = [[Mizoram]]
| language = [[Mizo language|Mizo]]
| awards = [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]]
}}

'''Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl''' (meaning "binding women together" in the [[Mizo language]]) or '''MHIP''' was formed in the [[union territory]] of [[Mizoram]], India, on 6 July 1974. It aims to empower women and support [[women's rights]].<ref name="Hindu13">{{cite news |last1=Hanghal |first1=Ninglun |title=League of extraordinary women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/league-of-extraordinary-women/article5111555.ece |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=10 September 2013 |language=en-IN |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171033/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/league-of-extraordinary-women/article5111555.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NET" /><ref name="IT22" />
Following the 2009 decision of the [[Delhi High Court]] to legalize same-sex relationships, MHIP joined an anti-[[LGBT]] alliance with [[Mizoram Upa Pawl]] (MUP), the [[Young Mizo Association]] (YMA) and the [[Mizo Zirlai Pawl]] (MZP).<ref name="DH15">{{cite news |title=Mizoram NGOs to 'cleanse' society of homosexuals |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/504044/mizoram-ngos-cleanse-society-homosexuals.html |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |date=2 October 2015 |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171034/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/504044/mizoram-ngos-cleanse-society-homosexuals.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, MHIP was behind several bills proposed in the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]], such as the Mizo Marriage Bill, the Mizo Inheritance Bill, and the Mizo Divorce Bill.<ref name="Hindu13" /> The 2014 Mizo Marriage Divorce and Inheritance of Property Act abolished the customary practice in which a wife was left with nothing after a divorce and established that a wife could end up with up to 50 per cent of any property.<ref name="NET">{{cite news |title=41 years struggle for gender equality in Mizoram |url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/mizoram/41-years-struggle-for-gender-equality-in-mizoram/cid2551661.htm |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=The Northeast Today |date=6 July 2015 |language=en-IN |archive-date=18 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118193624/https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/mizoram/41-years-struggle-for-gender-equality-in-mizoram/cid2551661.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BSI14">{{cite news |title=New Mizo marriage and inheritance of property law soon: Min |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/new-mizo-marriage-and-inheritance-of-property-law-soon-min-114121700654_1.html |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=17 December 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303023405/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/new-mizo-marriage-and-inheritance-of-property-law-soon-min-114121700654_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2018 assembly elections]], MHIP repeated its calls for more women to stand as candidates.<ref name="Hindu18">{{cite news |last1=Karmakar |first1=Rahul |title=Mizoram Assembly Elections 2018: Little room for women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/mizoram-assembly-elections-2018/mizoram-assembly-elections-2018-little-room-for-women/article25591748.ece |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=25 November 2018 |language=en-IN |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171033/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/mizoram-assembly-elections-2018/mizoram-assembly-elections-2018-little-room-for-women/article25591748.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> MHIP was led by [[Sangkhumi Bualchhuak|B. Sangkhumi]] and then by Lalthlamuani.<ref name="ETV">{{cite web |title=Mizoram's Padma awardee B Sangkhumi felicitated |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/national/bharat/mizorams-padma-shree-awardee-b-sangkhumi-felicitated/na20210127222341878 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=27 January 2021 |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-date=18 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118193656/https://www.etvbharat.com/english/national/bharat/mizorams-padma-shree-awardee-b-sangkhumi-felicitated/na20210127222341878 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TOI13">{{cite news |title=Mizo women's body for proper representation in assembly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mizo-womens-body-for-proper-representation-in-assembly/articleshow/22149519.cms |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2013 |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mizo-womens-body-for-proper-representation-in-assembly/articleshow/22149519.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Recognition and awards==
In Mizoram, 6 July is marked as MHIP Day and is a national bank holiday.<ref name="IT22">{{cite news |title=Bank Holidays July 2022: There Are 16 Bank Holidays This Month |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/july-2022-bank-holidays-573379.html |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=India Times |date=28 June 2022 |language=en-IN |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171033/https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/july-2022-bank-holidays-573379.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The group was awarded the 2016 [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]].<ref name="NSP">{{cite web |title=Nari Shakti Awardees - M.H.I.P., Mizoram |url=https://wcd.nic.in/nari-shakti-awardees-mhip-mizoram |website=Ministry of Women and Child Development |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-date=10 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210184817/https://wcd.nic.in/nari-shakti-awardees-mhip-mizoram |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1974 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Organisations that oppose LGBTQ rights in India]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Political parties in Mizoram]]

Belandur Road railway station

2026-04-15T07:30:03Z

UlrikeWeber: new a entry

{{Short description|Railway station in Bangalore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Belandur Road
| name_lang = en
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ka & hi
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = Panathur, Kadubeesanahalli, [[Bengaluru]] - 560103
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.93724|77.70730|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|875|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]
| line = Baiyappanahalli–Omalur Junction section
| distance =
| platform = 2
| tracks = 5
| connections =
| structure = At Grade
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| accessible =
| code = BLRR
| zone = [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]
| opened = {{Start date and age|1864}}
| closed = 
| rebuilt =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| former =
| mpassengers =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations
|system=Indian Railways
|line1=Salem Junction–Bangalore City|type1=Baiyappanahalli–Omalur Junction section |left1=Baiyyappanahalli |to-left1=Banaswadi or Bengaluru City|right1=Karmelaram|to-right1=Hosur or Salem Junction|line2=Salem Junction–Bangalore City|type2=Baiyappanahalli–Omalur Junction section|left2=Banaswadi|to-left2=Yesvantpur Junction|right2=Karmelaram|to-right2=Hosur or Salem Junction
}}
| route_map = {{Salem–Bangalore line|inline=yes}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| map_state = collapsed
| map_locator =
| cta_header =
}}
'''Belandur Road railway station''' (station code: BLRR) is an [[Indian Railways]] [[train station]] located in Panathur, [[Bengaluru]], in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]], which is about 10 km away from the [[Krishnarajapuram railway station]] and serves the [[Bellandur]] and Panathur areas.

A major use of the station is local passenger service for travellers to the city ([[Bengaluru City railway station|Bengaluru City]]), [[Carmelaram|Karmelaram]] and [[Hosur]], an industrial city in [[Tamil Nadu]].

== History ==
Opened in 1864, this station used to be a halt station with very few facilities and there was no accessibility during that period. It served the nearby villages and its surrounding areas.

But as the Outer Ring Road IT Corridor developed rapidly through the 2000s and 2010s, the station's importance gradually increased, with more people relying on it for suburban travel. Despite the rise in demand, it continued to have very basic infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=TNIE |date=2017-08-19 |title=Proposal on doubling, electrification of two major routes sent to Rly Board |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/bengaluru/2017/Aug/19/proposal-on-doubling-electrification-of-two-major-routes-sent-to-rly-board-1645242.html |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [https://kride.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Detailed-Project-Report-BSRP.pdf]

After 2018, the station underwent a complete renovation, converting a rural halt to a new busy important suburban railway station. This consisted of electrification works, track-doubling, and addition of a new platform. These upgrades are part of broader efforts to expand the suburban rail connectivity. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24 |title=On the slow track: Here’s all you need to know about the Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/all-you-need-to-know-bengaluru-suburban-rail-project-9411151/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=One moment, please... |url=https://news.railanalysis.com/k-ride-floats-tender-for-internal-electrification-and-other-works-for-belandur-road-and-huskur-station-buildings-and-platforms-for-bypl-hsra-doubling-project/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250815063605/https://news.railanalysis.com/k-ride-floats-tender-for-internal-electrification-and-other-works-for-belandur-road-and-huskur-station-buildings-and-platforms-for-bypl-hsra-doubling-project/ |archive-date=2025-08-15 |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=news.railanalysis.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalitha |first=S. |date=2023-11-06 |title=Bellandur Road-Karmelaram rail doubling by March 2024 in Bengaluru |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2023/Nov/06/bellandur-road-karmelaram-rail-doubling-by-march-2024-in-bengaluru-2630392.html |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bellandur Station Opens, Speed Trials & Train Diversions Announced {{!}} Bengaluru Rail Update {{!}} Bengaluru Train News a |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bellandur-road-gets-new-station-speed-trial-on-new-double-line-set-for-november-16-3797425 |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Structure ==
Belandur Road railway station has two platforms, each running to 650m in length, shelters, lighting, benches and a booking office.<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-01-16 |title=BLRR/Belandur Road (2) Railway Station Satellite Map – India Rail Info – A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/belandur-road-blrr/4631#st |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=IndiaRailInfo |publisher=India Rail Info}}</ref>

=== Station Layout ===
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Belandur Road track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Chennai Suburban|West}}
| title-color = white
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map1 = vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\-STRq!~PLT-\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P2''' to {{stnlnk|Karmelaram}}
vCONTfgaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''''Express Lines''' to {{stnlnk|Hosur}}''
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''''Express Lines''' to [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru]]''
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTfgeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''''Common Loop Line'''''
vCONTgfaq!~MASKa\-STRq\-STRq\-STRq\vCONTgfeq!~MASKa~~ ~~ ~~'''P1''' to ''{{BSsplit|'''{{stnlnk|Banaswadi}}''' {{rmri|left}}|'''{{stnlnk|Baiyyappanahalli}}''' {{rmri|ll}}}}''
PLT-\PLT-\PLT-
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with three tracks <nowiki>|</nowiki> One Side & Island platform</div>
}}}}
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
| width="30" valign="top" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''G'''
| width="85" valign="top" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Street level
| width="500" valign="top" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Exit/Entrance & ticket counter
|-
| rowspan="7" style="border-top:solid 1px white;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''P'''
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Foot overbridge|FOB]], [[Side platform]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>'''P2''' Doors will open on the left
|-
| width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''Platform 2'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Towards → {{stnlnk|Hosur}} / {{stnlnk|Dharmapuri}} '''Next station:''' {{stnlnk|Karmelaram}}
|-
| width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''Main Line'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Towards → {{stnlnk|Hosur}} / {{stnlnk|Salem Junction}}
|-
| width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''Main Line'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Towards ← [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru]] / {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}}
|-
| width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''Loop Line'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''''Common Loop Line - Not in Operations'''''
|-
| width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |'''Platform 1'''
| width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" |Towards ← [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru]] '''Next Station:''' {{stnlnk|Baiyyappanahalli}} Towards ← {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} '''Next Station:''' {{stnlnk|Banaswadi}}
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Foot overbridge|FOB]], [[Side platform]]<nowiki> | </nowiki>'''P1''' Doors will open on the left
|-
| valign="top" width="30" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |'''G'''
| valign="top" width="85" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Street level
| valign="top" width="500" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" |Exit/Entrance & ticket counter
|}

==Connectivity==
Belandur Road railway station is on the Salem-Bengaluru City line. The railway station is located between [[Baiyyappanahalli railway station|Baiyyappanahalli]] and Karmelaram railway station.

=== Road Connectivity ===
This railway station is reachable from Bellandur, Panathur and its surrounding areas through local roads. It is within the walking distance from BMTC bus stops like '''Panathuru Circle.'''

=== Air Connectivity ===
The nearest airport connecting this railway station is [[Kempegowda International Airport]] which is approximately 30-35 km by road.

== See also ==
* [[List of railway stations in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IndiaRailInfo|4631}}

{{Railway stations in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1864]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Bangalore railway division]]
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]

{{Karnataka-railstation-stub}}

IG (film)

2026-04-14T15:21:21Z

UlrikeWeber: Creating first data first draft

{{short description|2009 film by B. Unnikrishnan}}
{{Lead too short|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = IG
| image = I G Inspector General.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[B. Unnikrishnan]]
| producer = Mahi
| writer = B. Unnikrishnan
| starring = [[Suresh Gopi]] [[Govind Padmasoorya]] [[Kausalya (actress)|Nandini]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[M. Jayachandran]] '''Score:''' Rajamani
| cinematography = [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]
| editing =
| studio = Super Star Films
| distributor = Super Star Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|4|3|India}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''IG – Inspector General''''' is a 2009 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam-language]] [[Action film|action drama film]] written and directed by [[B. Unnikrishnan]]. The film stars [[Suresh Gopi]] in the title lead role, with [[Govind Padmasoorya]], [[Kausalya (actress)|Nandini]] and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] in supporting roles.

== Plot ==
In [[Kerala]], [[Inspector General of Police|IG]] Durga Prasad is the head of Traffic Police, who takes into custody a gang of criminals involved in [[hawala]] transactions. The [[Chief Minister|CM]] Ramachandran calls a meeting to ascertain the source of the money. Actually, the money is intended for terrorist activities. Knowing the serious situation, Ramachandran orders to form the [[Anti-Terrorism Squad|ATS]] squad, where Durga is made as the chief of the squad. [[Director General of Police|DGP]] Varghese and [[Director General of Police|DGP]] [[State Intelligence Department|Intelligence]] Yoonus provide complete necessary support to him. Once a week, he has to report the developments to Ramachandran. It is at this time when an allegation comes out that Durga is harassing some people who are suspected to be encouraging the terrorists.

Scaria Zachariah, a [[business tycoon]], is the master behind the blasts that occurred in Kerala and the terrorist groups along with Yasir Shah, an infamous terrorist. The city police commissioner Vijayabhaskar, who is a corrupt cop, is an ally of Scaria who is responsible for instigating riots in the slums. One or two people in the department itself are against Durga. Though under the heavy pressure, Durga does not give up the enquiry, where everyone encourages him and allows him to carry on with the mission after knowing about the seriousness of the situation. Durga tries his level best to put an end to the terrorist activities. With the order from Ramachandran and Philip, Durga arrests Vijayabhaskar, who was the murderer of [[Home Secretary]] Paul Joseph and who also had links with the terrorists.

Durga finds out about the terrorists's plans and hideouts, where he goes there for the endgame. Durga captures Scaria and Yasir in [[Rameswaram]]. After a big fight, Durga confronts and defeats Scaria's and Yasir's men. Scaria brings Durga's younger brother Vinod Krishna and threatens to kill him. But suddenly a twist occurs, where it shows Vinod is one of their men. Durga kills Scaria and reveals to Vinod that he already knew that Vinod had links with the terrorists and revealed it to his mother. His mother gave permission to kill Vinod. Durga drowns Yasir to death and kills Vinod with his gun. He felt very emotional and mournful in killing his own brother. Durga is honoured by the entire state for his bravery and actions, after he puts an end to the terrorist rampage in Kerala.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Suresh Gopi]] as [[Inspector General of Police#India|IG]] Durga Prasad [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], the Chief of [[Anti-Terrorism Squad (India)|ATS]]-[[Kerala]]
* [[Govind Padmasoorya]] as Vinod Krishna, Durga's brother
* [[Kausalya (actress)|Nandini]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Yamini
* [[Anaitha Nair]] as Chandini, Vinod's love interest
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Durga's and Vinod's mother
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Scaria Zachariah
* [[Rajan P. Dev]] as [[Chief Minister]] Ramachandran
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as [[Senior Superintendent of Police#India|SSP]] Saheer Ahmed [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], [[Anti-Terrorism Squad (India)|ATS]] - operations wing chief (extended cameo)
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as [[Deputy Superintendent|DYSP]] George Varghese (Vakkachan), [[Anti-Terrorism Squad (India)|ATS]] Officer
* Kiran Raj as [[Superintendent of Police#India|DCP]] Diwakar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], [[Anti-Terrorism Squad (India)|ATS]] Officer
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as [[Director General of Police#India|DGP]] Varghese Daniel [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], [[Kerala Police|State Police Chief]]
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as [[Sub Inspector|SI]] Damodaran Pillai, [[Anti-Terrorism Squad (India)|ATS]] Officer
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Beerankutty Sahib, Chandini's father and ex-minister
* [[John Kokken]] as Yasir Shah
* [[Santhosh (actor)|Santhosh]] as [[Director General of Police#India|DGP]] Yoonus Muhammed [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], State Intelligence Wing Chief
* [[Ambika Mohan]] as Chandini's mother
* [[Subair]] as [[Senior Superintendent of Police#India|City Police Commissioner]] Vijayabhaskar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Paul Joseph [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], [[Home Secretary]]
* [[Reshmi Boban]] as Paul Joseph's wife
* [[Sivaji Guruvayoor]] as Dineshan, Party Secretary
* [[Biju Pappan]] as Mujeeb
{{colend}}

== Reception ==

Paresh C Palicha from [[Rediff.com]] wrote "To sum up, IG is just an average Suresh Gopi fare".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ig-is-a-suresh-gopi-fare/20090406.htm|title= IG is a Suresh Gopi fare|website=rediff.com|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131064419/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ig-is-a-suresh-gopi-fare/20090406.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Sify.com wrote that "
Govind Padmasurya definitely has a future in Malayalam film, while other characters like Jagathy and Vijayraghavan disappear halfway through. Is the role of Nandini as a smart lawyer necessary? At most the film is a time pass entertainer which is racy and briskly told though the story and situations are all ?old wine in new bottle?."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/ig-review-malayalam-pclxaObdgejih.html|title=Review - IG|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131064024/https://www.sify.com/movies/ig-review-malayalam-pclxaObdgejih.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1363106}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:I. G. - Inspector General}}
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. Jayachandran]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. Unnikrishnan]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]

Jania Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:56:03Z

UlrikeWeber: Creating the info added tags - done

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| state = [[Assam]]
| name = Jania
| mla = [[Rafiqul Islam (Indian politician)|Dr. Rafiqul Islam]]
| party = {{Color box|#0A8612}} [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]]
| alliance = {{Color box|#00CCFF}} [[Mahojot]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| established = 1957
| district = [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]
| constituency_no = 44
| map_image = Jania Assembly constituency map.svg
| abolished= 2023
}}

'''Jania''' was one of the 126 electoral constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. Jania formed part of the [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> This constituency was abolished in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
* 1957: [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1962: [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1972: Ataur Rahman, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1978: Abdus Sobhan, [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
* 1983: Abdus Sobhan, [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
* 1985: [[A. F. Golam Osmani]], [[United Minorities Front, Assam|UMF]]
* 1991: Asahaque Ali, [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
* 1996: [[Abdur Rouf (politician)|Abdur Rouf]], [[United Minorities Front, Assam|UMF]]
* 2001: Asahaque Ali, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 2006: [[Abdul Khaleque (Assamese politician)]],<ref name=election2006>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4009-assam-2006/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress]]
* 2011: [[Rafiqul Islam (Indian politician)|Rafiqul Islam]],<ref name=election2011>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4010-assam-2011/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2011 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=27 April 2023}}</ref> [[All India United Democratic Front]]
* 2016: [[Abdul Khaleque (Assamese politician)]],<ref name=election2016/> [[Indian National Congress]]
* 2019 by-election: [[Rafiqul Islam (Indian politician)|Rafiqul Islam]], [[All India United Democratic Front]]<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |date=25 October 2019 |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |accessdate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election
! Name
! colspan=2 | Party
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Rafiqul Islam (Indian politician)|Rafiqul Islam]]<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|All India United Democratic Front}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Jania<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abdul Khaleque
|votes = 86,930
|percentage = 56.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Rafiqul Islam
|votes = 57,194
|percentage = 37.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Benazir Arfan
|votes = 6,067
|percentage = 3.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Mainul Hoque
|votes = 1,976
|percentage = 1.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = RSC
|candidate = Amir Hussain
|votes = 769
|percentage = 0.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = RJP
|candidate = Md. Sultan Mahmud
|votes = 506
|percentage = 0.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 689
|percentage = 0.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 29,736
|percentage = 19.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,131
|percentage = 88.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,73,410
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|26.33|90.92|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Barpeta district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Assam]]

Ayodhya (2005 Telugu film)

2026-04-05T11:17:12Z

UlrikeWeber: new new pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ayodhya
| image = Ayodhya (2005 Telugu film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]
| writer = Kodi Ramakrishna [[B. V. S. Ravi]] (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Dodda Rama Govinda Reddy
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]]
*[[Vadde Naveen]]
*[[Rathi (actress)|Rathi]]
*[[Shiju]]
*[[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Kodi Lakshman
| editing = Ramesh
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = Maruthi Combines
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|4|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ayodhya''''' is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language family drama film directed by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]] and starring [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], [[Vadde Naveen]], [[Rathi (actress)|Rathi]], [[Shiju]] and [[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-naveen-kodi.html|title=Muhurat - Maruthi Combines - Naveen, Krishna|date=19 September 2004|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605095016/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-naveen-kodi.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] as Ram Prasad
*[[Vadde Naveen]] as Rajesh
*[[Rathi (actress)|Rathi]] as Sasirekha aka Shotput
*[[Shiju]] as Jagan
*[[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]] as Jyothi
*Ravi as Ravi
*Harsha
*[[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]] as Jagan's wife
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Tribal
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Police officer
*[[Pavala Syamala]] as Gangamma
*Mandadi Krishna Reddy as JK
*Vemi Reddy
*Narsimha Reddy
*M Satyanarayana Reddy
*A Narasimha Rao
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]] and the audio rights were bagged by [[Aditya Music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://moviegq.com/movie/ayodhya-1363/songs|title=AYODHYA (2005) SONGS|work=MovieGQ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-ayodhya.html|title=Audio release - Ayodhya|date=25 February 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605095016/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-ayodhya.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Chodo Chodo
| lyrics1 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra1 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Malathy Lakshman|Malathi]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Adagandhe Andaalu
| lyrics2 = Jayasurya
| extra2 = Tippu, [[Kalpana Raghavendar|Kalpana]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Aa Gaganam Virigindha
| lyrics3 = [[C. Narayana Reddy]]
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Jimmu Choodu
| lyrics4 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra4 = Vasu, Nishma
| length4 =
| title5 = Navvula Puvvulu
| lyrics5 = Sai Harsha
| extra5 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| length5 =
| total_length =
}}

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "Only saving grace of this film is the performance of Krishna and Prema. You can safely avoid watching 'Ayodhya'".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-ayodhya.html|title=Movie review - Ayodhya|date=21 April 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi|access-date=5 June 2023|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605095015/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-ayodhya.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1579740}}

{{Kodi Ramakrishna}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:2005 drama films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kodi Ramakrishna]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vandemataram Srinivas]]
[[Category:2005 Telugu-language films]]

List of airports in Uttarakhand

2026-03-30T12:30:09Z

UlrikeWeber: Adding A Details Initial Version

{{Short description|None}}

[[File:Naini Saini Airport Pithoragarh.jpg|thumb|Naini–Saini Airport]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}

[[Uttarakhand]] has three main airports, a few airstrips and a couple of proposed airstrips for military and emergency purposes. The [[Dehradun Airport]] in [[Dehradun]], [[Pantnagar Airport]] in [[Pantnagar]], and [[Naini–Saini Airport]] in [[Pithoragarh]] are operated by the [[Airports Authority of India]]. Three airstrips, [[Chaukhutia Airport]], [[Gauchar#Gauchar Airport|Gauchar Airport]] and [[Chinyalisaur Airport]] are proposed for expansion in the future under [[UDAN]] scheme.

Recently, a new terminal was constructed at [[Dehradun Airport]]. The new terminal was inaugurated in October 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/new-terminal-building-of-dehraduns-jolly-grant-airport-inaugurated20211009051413/|title=New terminal building of Dehradun's Jolly Grant Airport inaugurated|work=ANI|accessdate=9 October 2021}}</ref> In 2020, Uttarakhand's then [[List of chief ministers of Uttarakhand|Chief Minister]] [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]] had announced that the [[Pantnagar Airport]] will be expanded to become Uttarakhand's first international airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotelierindia.com/business/11668-uttarakhands-first-international-airport-to-come-up-at-pantnagar|title=Uttarakhand’s first international airport to come up at Pantnagar|accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref>

==List==
The list includes the airports in [[Uttarakhand]] with their respective [[ICAO]] and [[IATA]] codes.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Airports in India:|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/basic_page_files/list%20of%20airport%20bilingual.pdf|publisher=Airports Authority of India|accessdate=11 September 2022}}</ref>

* Dual use= Civilian and military use.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+<big>List of airports in Uttarakhand</big>
|-
! Sl. No.
! District (Location)
! Airport name
! [[ICAO airport code|ICAO]]
! [[IATA airport code|IATA]]
! Operator
! Category
! Role
|-
| 1 || [[Almora district]] ([[Chaukhutia]]) || style="background:#FFFFF0;" |[[Chaukhutia Airport]]|| align="center" |—|| align="center" |—||[[Government of Uttarakhand]]||Proposed|| Commercial
|-
| 2 ||[[Dehradun district]] ([[Dehradun]]) || style="background:#FFFFF0;" |[[Dehradun Airport]]|| align="center" |VIDN|| align="center" |DED||[[Airports Authority of India]]||[[Domestic airport|Domestic]]||Commercial
|-
| 3 || [[Chamoli district]] ([[Gauchar]]) || style="background:#FFFFF0;" |[[Gauchar Airport]]|| align="center" |—|| align="center" |—||[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]||Dual use<ref name=du1>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-13 |title=China on mind, IAF in talks with Uttarakhand to take over 3 airstrips |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/china-on-mind-iaf-in-talks-with-uttarakhand-to-take-over-3-airstrips/amp |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=The Tribune}}</ref>
||Commercial
|-
| 4 || [[Pithoragarh district]] ([[Gunji, Uttarakhand|Gunji]]) ||style="background:#FFFFF0;"|[[Gunji Airport]]||align=center|—||align=center|—||[[Government of Uttarakhand]]||Proposed<ref name=du1/> ||Commercial
|-
| 5 || [[Pithoragarh district]] ([[Pithoragarh]]) ||style="background:#FFFFF0;"|[[Naini–Saini Airport]]||align=center|VIDF||align=center|NNS||[[Airports Authority of India]]||Dual use<ref name=du1/> [[Domestic airport|Domestic]] ||Commercial
|-
| 6 ||[[Udham Singh Nagar district]] ([[Pantnagar]]) ||style="background:#FFFFF0;"|[[Pantnagar Airport]]||align=center|VIPT||align=center|PGH||[[Airports Authority of India]]||[[Domestic airport|Domestic]]||Commercial
|-
| 7 || [[Uttarkashi district]] ([[Chinyalisaur]]) ||style="background:#FFFFF0;"|[[Chinyalisaur Airport]]||align=center|VI82||align=center|—||[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]||Dual use<ref name=du1/> ||Commercial
|}

==See also==

* [[List of airports in India]]
* [[Uttarakhand_Transport_Corporation#Transport_in_Uttarakhand|Transport in Uttarakhand]]
* [[Jammu railway division#Network|Railway in Himachal, Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh]]
* [[Future_of_rail_transport_in_India#Geostrategic_border_rail_lines|Geostrategic border rail lines of India]]
* [[Tourism in Uttarakhand]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Airports in India}}
{{Transport in India}}

[[Category:Airports in Uttarakhand| ]]
[[Category:Lists of airports in India|Uttarakhand]]

Sigaram Thodu

2026-03-26T19:17:57Z

UlrikeWeber: Data

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by Gaurav Narayanan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Sigaram Thodu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Gaurav Narayanan]]
| writer = Gaurav Narayanan
| producer = [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]]
| starring = [[Vikram Prabhu]] [[Sathyaraj]] [[Monal Gajjar]]
| cinematography = Vijay Ulaganath
| editing = [[Praveen K. L.]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| studio = [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| distributor = UTV Motion Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2014|09|12|df=yes}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Sigaram Thodu''''' ({{Translation|Touch the peak}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by [[Gaurav Narayanan]], and produced by [[UTV Motion Pictures]]. The film stars [[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Sathyaraj]], and [[Monal Gajjar]] while [[Sathish]], Gaurav Narayanan, and [[Charandeep]] play supporting roles. It has cinematography by Vijay Ulaganath, editing by [[Praveen K. L.]] and music by [[D. Imman]]. The film was released on 12 September 2014.

== Plot ==
Muralipandian is the only son of Chellapandian, a disabled policeman who is now working in the [[National Crime Records Bureau|State Crime Records Bureau]] and expresses a desire to see his son as an [[Inspector]]. However, Murali is against becoming a policeman due to an incident which happened in his childhood; when Chellapa lost his leg during police duty, his wife fell down the stairs on hearing the news, leading to her death and left a crippled Chellapa to single-handedly look after the young Murali. Murali's ambition is to become a [[Branch manager|bank manager]], and he manages to get an interview for the same in a bank.

While on a pilgrimage, Murali meets Ambujam, a young doctor who is travelling with her chaperone, who is her grandmother Aishwarya. Ambujam initially thinks ill of Murali due to unsavory incidents which occur between them during the journey, but after she finds out about Murali's true character as he helps Aishwarya recover from dehydration, she falls in love with him. She expresses a distaste for marrying policemen, which impresses Murali.

Meanwhile, a spate of robberies occurs in [[Chennai]] where several bank accounts through [[Automated teller machine|ATM machines]] are stolen. The robberies are led by a bank employee Shiva, assisted by a [[martial arts]] instructor Lawrence. The duo manages to avoid being caught. Murali first encounters the duo robbing an ATM while returning from the pilgrimage and breaks Lawrence's arm in a combat.

An injured Lawrence vows vengeance against Murali. Later, Murali receives a letter stating that he had been accepted at the [[Tamil Nadu Police]] Academy for police training. He reluctantly attends the training for Chellapa's sake and deliberately performs poorly during the training in the hope of getting expelled from the academy. Unfortunately, [[Superintendent (police)|SP]] Nagaraj, who happens to be Ambujam's father and a former colleague of Chellapa, finds out about Murali's plan and makes a deal with him to avoid the matter reaching Chellapa's ears: if Murali performs badly during training, he will not be expelled from the academy; instead, he will be made as an [[Sub-inspector|SI]] with the assurance that he can resign if he does not like the job after 30 days, after which he can marry Ambujam. Murali accepts, but this strains his relationship with Ambujam.

Shiva and Lawrence plan to steal money from ATMs using information from [[Credit card|international credit cards]]. The robbery is a success, but the [[Closed-circuit television camera|CCTV cameras]] in two different ATMs have exposed Shiva as one of the robbers due to his height. The duo is arrested by Murali, who is now a [[sub-inspector]], but they manage to subdue the constables and escape later that night, while Murali is out on a date with Ambujam. They encounter Chellapa, beat him up, and shoot him in his chest. Ambujam feels sorry about what happened to Chellapa and accepts Murali's decision to become a policeman.

Buoyed by Ambujam's approval and also determined to take revenge on those who shot Chellapa, Murali takes up the robbery case and assumes that the duo did not work alone, instead having an accomplice. This proves to be true; the accomplice turns out to be a forger who made fake credit cards for the duo to steal money from the ATMs, but this evidence reaches a dead end when the accomplice reveals that he never saw the duo without their bike helmets. Murali then interrogates the security guards of the ATMs in the outskirts of Chennai as he feels that the robbers would have used them to conduct their robberies since money would not be refilled in such ATMs until it runs short of cash due to lesser number of [[#Withdrawal Taking of money from a bank|withdrawals]]{{Broken anchor|date=1 August 2025|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=#Withdrawal Taking of money from a bank|reason= }}. One of the guards interrogated turns out to be an accomplice of the robbers, providing them gadgets to assist them in the robbery, but he himself does not know where they are.

Murali decides to track the robber's phones with the intention of finding their location once someone calls them. In retribution, Shiva and Lawrence try to kill Chellapa, who is in the [[Intensive care unit|ICU]], also kidnapping Ambujam in the process. Murali rushes to the hospital, where he sees Chellapa still alive, after which he pursues the robbers, finally encountering them on the banks of the [[Cooum River]], where he kills Shiva and Lawrence and rescues Ambujam. Murali is later honoured by the [[Tamil Nadu Police|police department]] for his role in thwarting the ATM robbery, in the presence of Chellapa and Ambujam.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Vikram Prabhu]] as SI Muralipandian
* [[Sathyaraj]] as Inspector Chellapandian, Crime Records Bureau
* [[Monal Gajjar]] as Ambujam Maami (Voice dubbed by [[Raveena Ravi]])
* [[Sathish]] as Kay Kay
* [[Gaurav Narayanan]] as Shiva
* [[Charandeep]] as Lawrence
* [[Chinni Jayanth]] as Chinna Nambi
* [[Erode Mahesh]] as Adhi Moolam
* [[Poster Nandakumar]] as Seeniappan
* [[Kovai Sarala]] as Aishwarya
* [[Vaiyapuri]] as Gunasekhar
* [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Pandu
* [[Singampuli]] as Pickpocket
* [[Swaminathan]] as Santosham
* [[Ganja Karuppu]] as Venkat
* [[Lollu Sabha Manohar]] as Arumugam
* [[Sampath Ram]] as Sagayam
* [[Krishnamoorthy (actor)|Krishnamoorthy]] as Vetrivel
* [[Vagai Chandrasekhar]] as Rajasekhar
* [[Saran Shakthi]] as Young Murali
* SVS Kumar as Swamiji
* Nishanth as Nishanth
* Vinayak Raj as Mannavan
* Kalyanamalai Mohan as Murali's Grandfather
* [[K. S. Ravikumar]] as Ravi (Guest Appearance)
{{colend}}

== Production ==
In March 2012 it was reported that [[Gaurav Narayanan]], who earlier directed ''[[Thoonga Nagaram]]'', was all set to start work on his next film, ''Sigaram Thodu''. He stated, "The film, which is based on the relationship between a father and son, will star three big heroes, one from Tollywood and two from Kollywood, and will most likely be made as a bilingual. Richard and [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] will be handling the cinematography and music respectively".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=10 March 2012 |title=Kollywood honoured |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Kollywood-honoured/articleshow/12208423.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701132951/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-10/news-interviews/31142798_1_lifetime-achievement-award-award-for-best-film-debut-director |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=14 July 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Vikram Prabhu]] was signed as the hero, and [[Monal Gajjar]] was chosen for the female lead.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} [[Sathyaraj]] was hired for a pivotal role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2013 |title=Sathyaraj in Vikram Prabhu's 'Sigaram Thodu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sathyaraj-in-Vikram-Prabhus-Sigaram-Thodu/articleshow/20644768.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022818/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-18/news-interviews/40047453_1_gaurav-narayanan-sathyaraj-sigaram-thodu |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=14 July 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Gaurav Narayanan]] changed the initial team and signed cinematographer Vijay Ulaganath and music composer by [[D. Imman]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=13 May 2013 |title=Shotcuts: The South connect |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shotcuts-the-south-connect/article4711425.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615074315/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shotcuts-the-south-connect/article4711425.ece |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=14 July 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

[[Gaurav Narayanan]] worked on pre-production and met a fraudster jailed in [[Puzhal]] to get him to open up on the methodology he used for scamming credit and debit cards, which forms the backdrop of the film. The process took nearly eight months to complete and then adapt into a screenplay. For his role, Vikram Prabhu trained and shot at the Vandalur Police Academy, where he was given guidance by officers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 2014 |title='Vikram Prabhu Saved My Life' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Vikram-Prabhu-Saved-My-Life/2014/08/23/article2394330.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507165956/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Vikram-Prabhu-Saved-My-Life/2014/08/23/article2394330.ece |archive-date=7 May 2016 |access-date=26 August 2014 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The shooting of ''Sigaram Thodu'' commenced on 6 May 2013 at [[Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar|Chandi Devi Temple]] in [[Haridwar]], [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title='Sigaram Thodu' shooting kick starts in Haridwar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sigaram-Thodu-shooting-kick-starts-in-Haridwar/articleshow/19907343.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510014056/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-06/news-interviews/39063398_1_sigaram-thodu-kumki-monal-gajjar |archive-date=10 May 2013 |access-date=14 July 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Director Gaurav said "It is India's first film to shoot the [[Gangotri]] temple opening ceremony amidst 20,000 people in −2 degree Celsius".<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2013 |title=Team 'Sigaram Thodu' shoots in minus 2 degrees temperature |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/team-sigaram-thodu-shoots-in-minus-2-degrees-temperature/391642-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215432/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/team-sigaram-thodu-shoots-in-minus-2-degrees-temperature/391642-71-216.html |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=14 July 2013 |website=[[IBNLive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2013 |title=Vikram Prabhu escapes Uttarakhand disaster |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Vikram-Prabhu-escapes-Uttarakhand-disaster/articleshow/20856367.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072454/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Vikram-Prabhu-escapes-Uttarakhand-disaster/articleshow/20856367.cms |archive-date=23 October 2015 |access-date=14 July 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A location in the Himalayas used for the song "Pidichirukku" in the film is only opened two days a year, so the team shot for a few days in 2013, before returning a year later to complete portions.

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[D. Imman]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:36
| title1 = Takku Takku
| extra1 = Varun Parandhaman, [[Anthony Daasan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| length1 = 4:11
| title2 = Pidikkudhae
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Jithin Raj
| lyrics2 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length2 = 4:27
| title3 = Scenu Scenu
| extra3 = Aranarai Natraj, Tha Prophecy
| lyrics3 = Gana Bala
| length3 = 4:31
| title4 = Anbulla Appa
| extra4 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| lyrics4 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length4 = 3:57
| title5 = Sigaram Thodu
| extra5 = [[Benny Dayal]], Santosh Hariharan, Snigdha Chandra
| lyrics5 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| length5 = 3:36
| title6 = Pidikkudhae
| note6 = Karaoke version
| length6 = 4:27
| title7 = Anbulla Appa
| note7 = Karaoke version
| length7 = 3:47
}}

== Critical reception ==
''[[Rediff]]'' wrote, "The director keeps you hooked from the first shot with his well-written script that cleverly weaves the commercial elements into the realistic narration" and also revealed that it is "a well-executed film with good performances".<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2014 |title=Review: Sigaram Thodu is an exciting thriller |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-sigaram-thodu-is-an-exciting-thriller/20140912.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102113944/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-sigaram-thodu-is-an-exciting-thriller/20140912.htm |archive-date=2 November 2014 |access-date=2 November 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "On the whole here is a film that strikes a balance between style and substance. The director and his screenplay have been able to construct an engrossing actor –driven thriller with panache".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sigaram Thodu |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sigaram-thodu-review-tamil-15058277.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913080142/http://www.sify.com/movies/sigaram-thodu-review-tamil-15058277.html |archive-date=13 September 2014 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "I liked how the villains were portrayed – one's the brain, the other the brawn. And they're not larger than life. They're – if this is the word for it – realistic, and this realism colours the final action stretch. Best of all are the procedural bits, which are well-researched, well-portrayed."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=13 September 2014 |title=Sigaram Thodu: Flab first, thrills later |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sigaram-thodu-scales-new-heights/article6407681.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715084206/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sigaram-thodu-scales-new-heights/article6407681.ece |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=3 August 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Gaurav Narayanan}}

[[Category:2010s heist films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about bank robbery]]
[[Category:Films about computing]]
[[Category:Films about identity theft]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gaurav Narayanan]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Techno-thriller films]]
[[Category:UTV Motion Pictures films]]

Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929

2026-03-26T11:27:56Z

UlrikeWeber:

{{Short description|1929 law in British India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929
| image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg
| imagesize = 200
| imagelink =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| long_title = An Act to define the age of marriage in India.
| citation =
| territorial_extent = Whole of [[British Raj]]
| enacted_by = [[Imperial Legislative Council]]
| date_enacted = 28 September 1929
| date_assented =
| date_signed =
| date_commenced = 29 September 1929
| bill =
| bill_citation =
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| white_paper =
| committee_report =
| amendments =
| repealed_by = [[Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006]]
| related =
| summary =
| keywords =
| status = repealed
}}
The '''Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929''', passed on 28 September 1929, in the [[Imperial Legislative Council]] of [[British Raj|India]], fixed the minimum age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years. In 1949, after India's independence, it was amended to fix the age of marriage at 15 for girls, and in 1978 at 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It is popularly known as the '''Sarda Act''', after its sponsor [[Harbilas Sarda]]. It came into effect six months later on 1 April 1930 and applied to all of [[British Raj|British India]].<ref name="Gulati">{{cite journal|last=Gulati|first=Leela|date=Aug 1976|title=Age of Marriage of Women and Population Growth: The Kerala Experience|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|volume=11|issue=31/33|pages=1225; 1227; 1229; 1231; 1233–1234|jstor=4364831}}</ref><ref>Forbes, Geraldin H., ''Women in Modern India'', Cambridge University Press, 1998</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-15/india/27824176_1_child-marriage-restraint-act-girl-child-early-marriages|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916150044/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-15/india/27824176_1_child-marriage-restraint-act-girl-child-early-marriages|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2011|title=Child brides may declare marriage void|last=Dhawan|first=Himanshi|date=15 September 2006|accessdate=23 June 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=NEW DELHI}}</ref> It was a result of social reform movement in India. Despite strong opposition from the British authorities, the legislation was passed by the British Indian Government which had a majority of Indians.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sinha|first=Mrinalini|date=Autumn 2000|title=Refashioning Mother India: Feminism and Nationalism in Late-Colonial India|journal=Feminist Studies|publisher=Feminist Studies, Inc.|volume=26|issue=3|pages=623–644|doi=10.2307/3178643|jstor=3178643|hdl=2027/spo.0499697.0026.308 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> However, it lacked implementation from the British Indian government, largely due to the fear of British authorities losing support from their loyal Hindu and Muslim communalist groups.<ref name="Nehru">{{cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Pandit Jawaharlal|title=An Autobiography|date=2 July 2004|publisher=Penguin Books India (Reprint of the Bodley Head original)|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780143031048|edition=Tenth|url=https://archive.org|accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref>

==Legislation process==
Various bills addressing questions regarding the minimum [[age of consent]] were introduced in the Indian legislatures and defeated. In 1927, [[Har Bilas Sarda|Rai Sahib Harbilas Sarda]] introduced his Hindu Child Marriage Bill in the [[Central Legislative Assembly]]. Under the pressure of world opinion, the social reformists in India and Indian nationalists, the Government referred the Bill to a select committee named as the Age of Consent Committee headed by [[Sir Moropant Visavanath Joshi]], the Home Member of [[Central Provinces]]. The other members of the committee were [[Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]], Khan Bahadur Mathuk, Mian Imam Baksh Kadu, Mrs. O. Brieri Beadon, [[Rameshwari Nehru]], [[Satyendra Chandra Mitra]], Thakur Dass Bhargava, Maulvi Muhammad Yakub, [[Mian Sir Muhammad Shah Nawaz]] and M. D. Sagane as Secretary.<ref>{{cite book|last1=B.S. Chandrababu & L. Thilagavathi|title=Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam|isbn=978-81-89909-97-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZmyUpHdPWYC&pg=PA261|year=2009}}</ref>

The [[All India Women's Conference]], [[Women's Indian Association]] and [[National Council of Women in India]], through their members developed and articulated the argument in favour of raising of the age for marriage and consent before the Joshi Committee. Muslim women presented their views to the Joshi Committee in favour of raising the age limit of marriage even when they knew that they would face opposition from Muslim Ulemas.

The Joshi Committee presented its report on 20 June 1929 and was passed by the [[Imperial Legislative Council]] on 28 September 1929 and became a law on 1 April 1930 extending to the whole of British India. It fixed 14 and 18 as the marriageable age for girls and boys respectively of all communities.

==Significance==
The Child Marriage Restraint Act was the first social reform issue that was taken up by organized women in India. They played a major role in the development of arguments and actively used the device of the political petition and contributed to the field of politics.<ref>Forbes, Geraldin H., ''Women in Modern India'', Cambridge University Press, 1998 pp 83</ref>

Pro-reform politicians, such as [[Motilal Nehru]], were caught off guard when the organized women's association met with leaders to ask for their support for the bill. The all-India women's association pressured politicians for their support of the bill, standing outside their delegations holding placards and shouting slogans such as 'if you oppose Sarda's bill, the world will laugh at you'. It was also this group who pushed for, and eventually succeeded in having Gandhi address the evils of child marriage in his speeches. Victory for the bill can be credited to the women's association, which presented the act as a means for India to demonstrate its commitment to modernity.<ref>Forbes, Geraldin H., ''Women in Modern India'', Cambridge University Press, 1998 pp 71-82;85; 89</ref> Declaring they would begin to make their laws, free of male influence, the women's organization brought liberal feminism to a forefront.

Although this is a victory for the women's movement in India, the act itself was a complete failure. In the two years and five months, it was an active bill, there were 473 prosecutions, of which only 167 were successful. The list goes on with 207 acquittals, with 98 cases still pending during August 1932. Out of the 167 successful prosecutions, only 17 or so did either all of or part of their sentence. The majority of cases were in Punjab and the United Provinces.

A 1931 census was available to the public during the summer of 1933 to give a status report of how the bill was doing: the number of wives under fifteen had increased from 8.5 million to 12 million, but the number of husbands under the age of fifteen had gone from 3 to more than 5 million. The number of wives under the age of five had quadrupled (originally the numbers were about 218,500, which then shot up to 802,200). The percentage of widowed children had decreased from about 400,000 to about 320,000. Though these numbers are startling, during the six months between when it was passed and when it became an active bill, it's suggested that only about three million girls and two million boys were forced into a child marriage; the largest percentage of these marriages were between Muslim children. However, the bill's census report shows that the law reached and affected the masses, even if the numbers are very slight.

However, the Act remained a dead letter during the colonial period of British rule in India.<ref>Forbes, Geraldin H., ''Women in Modern India'', Cambridge University Press, 1998 pp 89</ref> As per [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], this was large because the colonial British government did nothing to propagate awareness of it, especially in smaller towns and villages of India. In his [[An Autobiography (Nehru)|autobiography]], Nehru elucidates that this was large since the British did not want to earn the displeasure of the communal elements among the Hindus and Muslims. In the 1930s, the only parties in India that continued to support British rule were these collaborative groups. The British government did not wish to lose their support, hence they completely avoided implementing this and similar social reforms, instead focusing their attention on preventing the Indian freedom movement. Thus their infamous "Dual Policy" prevented any significant social reform in India.<ref name="Nehru" />

==See also==
* [[Age of Consent Act, 1891]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://wcdhry.gov.in/Child_Acts/ChildRestraintAct.pdf The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508115339/http://www.wcdhry.gov.in/Child_Acts/ChildRestraintAct.pdf |date=8 May 2018 }}

[[Category:1929 in law]]
[[Category:Child marriage in India]]
[[Category:Acts of the Imperial Legislative Council]]
[[Category:1929 in India]]
[[Category:1929 in British law]]
[[Category:Child marriage in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi wedding]]
[[Category:Marriage law in India]]

Shimpoli metro station

2026-03-24T12:58:02Z

UlrikeWeber: New

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Yellow Line 2A metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Shimpoli
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|शिंपोली}}}}
| style = Mumbai Metro
| style2 = Yellow
| image = Shimpoli (Pahadi Eksar) metro station Gate A2.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| image_caption = The Entry/Exit gate A2 of the Shimpoli metro station
| address = Shimpoli, Borivali, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400092
| coordinates = {{coord|19.2228332|N|72.8409432|E|format=dms|region:IN|display=title, inline}}
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|Line 2A|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = 2 [[side platforms]]
| owned = [[File:MMRDA logo cropped.svg|22px]] [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]
| operator = {{rint|mumbai|m}} Maha Mumbai Metro Operation Corporation Ltd.
| depth =
| tracks =
| parking = No
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|April|02}}
| former = Pahadi Eksar
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code = '''207'''
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=2A|right=Borivali (West)|left=Kandivli (West)}}
| route_map = {{MM Line 2}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Line 2}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Shimpoli''' (officially known as Aditya Colleges Shimpoli) is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Line 2 (Mumbai Metro)|Yellow Line 2A]] of [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India. This station is located in [[Shimpoli]], Mumbai. This station is owned by the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] (MMRDA), and was inaugurated on 2 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro: Line 2A, Line 7 launched, check routes, station details here |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-metro-line-2a-line-7-launches-check-routes-station-details-here-3018021 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=Mumbai Metro's 2A & 7 Lines to Cover Andheri to Dahisar in Just 75 Minutes {{!}} Know Fare, Routes as Ops Begin Today |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mumbai-metros-2a-7-lines-to-cover-andheri-to-dahisar-in-just-75-minutes-know-fare-routes-as-ops-begin-today-6877861.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:An under-construction Pahadi Eksar metro station in Borivali, as of February 2022.jpg|thumb|right|Shimpoli station under construction in February 2022]] J Kumar Infraprojects was awarded the contract to construct the station in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 August 2016 |title=Tainted J Kumar Infraporjects bags Dahisar-DN Nagar Metro 2A project |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015125202/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |archive-date=15 October 2016 |access-date=14 October 2016 |website=dna}}</ref> The MMRDA announced that electrification of the line had been completed on 26 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2021 |title=MMRDA to conduct test run for two elevated Metro lines next week |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mmrda-to-conduct-test-run-for-two-elevated-metro-lines-next-week/articleshow/82979298.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en |agency=IANS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Mumbai Metro: These 2 lines to get operational today. Check route, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-metro-rail-lines-2a-7-to-get-operational-today-check-route-other-details-11674107578757.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> The station was originally named Pahadi Eksar. The MMRDA renamed the station as Shimpoli on 10 April 2023 due to public demand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Three Metro stations renamed on public demand |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-three-metro-stations-renamed-on-public-demand |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> Shimpoli was opened to the public on 2 April 2022, along with the first phase of Line 2A.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=Mumbai: Phase 1 of Metro Line 2A and 7 opened for public |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-8-pm-today-phase-1-of-metro-line-2a-7-to-be-thrown-open-to-public-7850274/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Mumbai Metro: These 2 lines to get operational today. Check route, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-metro-rail-lines-2a-7-to-get-operational-today-check-route-other-details-11674107578757.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4;|'''2nd Floor'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|→}} towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2A|Right}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Borivali (West)}}) →
|-
| height=45|'''Platform 2'''
| ← towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2A|Left}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Kandivli (West)}})
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:top"|'''1st Floor'''
|style="vertical-align:top"|Mezzanine
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro QR ticket vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''Ground'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance
|}

=== Power and signaling system ===
Like all other stations and railways of [[Mumbai Metro|Mumbai metro]], Shimpoli station also uses 25,000 volt AC power system by [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]] to operate the trains.

<ref>https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/the-aditya-group-of-institutions-agi-secures-naming-rights-for-shimpoli-metro-station-strengthening-community-presence-and-brand-visibility/2676833/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 2=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]
[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]
[[Category:Borivali]]

Satyamev Jayate season 1

2026-03-10T15:21:40Z

UlrikeWeber: New

{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{long plot|date=September 2015}}
The '''first season''' of '''''[[Satyamev Jayate (TV show)|Satyamev Jayate]]''''' was premiered from 6 May 2012 on various channels within [[STAR (India)|Star Network]] along with [[Doordarshan]]'s [[DD National]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Aamir's 'Satyamev Jayate' to be aired on private channels and DD1 simultaneously |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamirs-satyamev-jayate-to-be-aired-on-dd1-too/248721-44-124.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415164302/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamirs-satyamev-jayate-to-be-aired-on-dd1-too/248721-44-124.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 April 2012|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=14 April 2012|accessdate=21 May 2012}}</ref> It marked the television debut of [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Bollywood]] actor and filmmaker [[Aamir Khan]].<ref name=first-ht>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/I-m-excited-about-my-TV-show-Aamir-Khan/Article1-760303.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022231311/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/I-m-excited-about-my-TV-show-Aamir-Khan/Article1-760303.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2011|title=I'm excited about my TV show: Aamir Khan|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=21 May 2012|date=22 October 2011}}</ref> While [[Hindi language|Hindi]] is the primary language of the show, it is also dubbed and simulcast in several other [[Languages of India|Indian languages]] such as [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]].

==List of episodes==

{|class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
!width=8%|Episode
!width=22%|Title
!width=29%|Topic
!width=22%|Song
!width=15%|{{nowrap|Original Air date}}
|-
|{{center|1}}
|{{nowrap|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 1: Daughters are precious|Daughters are precious]]}}
|[[Female foeticide in India]]
|"O Ri Chiraiya"
|{{center|6 May 2012}}
|-
|{{center|2}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 2: Break the Silence|Break the Silence]]
|[[Child sexual abuse]]
|"Haule Haule"
|{{center|13 May 2012}}
|-
|{{center|3}}
|{{nowrap|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 3: Marriage or Marketplace|Marriage or Marketplace]]}}
|[[Dowry system in India]]
|"Rupaiya"
|{{center|20 May 2012}}
|-
|{{center|4}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 4: Every Life is Precious|Every Life is Precious]]
|[[Medical malpractice]]
|"Naav"
|{{center|27 May 2012}}
|-
|{{center|5}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 5: Intolerance to Love|Intolerance to Love]]
|{{nowrap|[[Love marriages]] and [[Honor killing#India|Honor killings in India]]}}
|{{nowrap|"Ghar Yaad Aata Hai Mujhe"}}
|{{center|3 June 2012}}
|-
|{{center|6}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 6: Persons with disabilities|Persons with disabilities]]
|{{nowrap|[[Disability|Physical Disabilities]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Chanda Pe Dance"}}
|{{center|10 June 2012}}
|-
|{{center|7}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 7: Danger at home|Danger at home]]
|{{nowrap|[[Domestic Violence]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Sakhi"}}
|{{center|17 June 2012}}
|-
|{{center|8}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 8: Poison on our Plate?|Poison on our Plate?]]
|{{nowrap|[[Pesticide poisoning]] and [[Organic farming]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Maati Bole"}}
|{{center|24 June 2012}}
|-
|{{center|9}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 9: Think before you Drink|Think before you Drink]]
|{{nowrap|[[Alcohol abuse]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Ae Zindagi"}}
|{{center|1 July 2012}}
|-
|{{center|10}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 10: Dignity for All|Dignity for All]]
|{{nowrap|[[Casteism]] and [[Untouchability]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Kabir Vani"}}
|{{center|8 July 2012}}
|-
|{{center|11}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 11: Sunset Years.2C Sunshine Life|Sunset Years, Sunshine Life]]
|{{nowrap|[[Old age]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Bahut Yaad Aate Ho"}}
|{{center|15 July 2012}}
|-

|{{center|12}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 12: Every Drop Counts|Every Drop Counts]]
|{{nowrap|[[Water crisis (disambiguation)|Water crisis]] and [[Rainwater harvesting]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Jal na Jaaye Jal"}}
|{{center|22 July 2012}}
|-

|{{center|13}}
|[[Satyamev Jayate (Season 1)#Episode 13:Idea of India|Idea of India]]
|{{nowrap|[[Preamble to the Constitution of India|We the People]]||}}
|{{nowrap|"Nikal Pado"}}
|{{center|29 July 2012}}
|}

==Episode 1: Daughters are precious==
Air Date:- 6 May 2012

[[File:Satyamev Jayate TV show setting.jpg|thumb|The show in progress during its first episode where Aamir Khan is interacting with journalists Meena Sharma and Shripal Shaktawat]]
The first episode focused on the issue of [[female foeticide in India]]. The show began with some stories of mothers who struggled to give birth to their girl child. The first guest on the show was Amisha Yagnik from [[Ahmedabad]]. Yagnik was forced by her husband and [[in-laws]] to abort her female unborn children six times in a span of eight years and further shared her experiences in finally giving birth to a daughter. The second guest, Parveen Khan from [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]], Madhya Pradesh shared the story of her husband disfiguring her face by biting it, when she insisted on giving birth to a female child against his wishes.<ref name="TV Review @ HT">{{cite news|last=Uniyal|first=Parmita|title=TV Review: Aamir Khan strikes the right chord with Satyamev Jayate|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/TV-Review-Aamir-Khan-strikes-the-right-chord-with-Satyamev-Jayate/Article1-851585.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507062035/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/tv-review-aamir-khan-strikes-the-right-chord-with-satyamev-jayate/article1-851585.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 May 2012|accessdate=7 May 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=6 May 2012}}</ref> Another guest, doctor [[Mitu Khurana]] from [[Delhi]] was asked by her [[orthopaedic surgeon]] husband and in-laws to abort her girl twins 20 weeks after conceiving. Her story helped dispel the perception and myth among people that the abhorrent practice of female foeticide is practised only by rural people or those living in small towns or is confined only to lesser educated people.<ref name="SMJ highlights @ HealthIndia">{{cite web|title=Satyamev Jayate highlights the issue of female foeticide|url=http://health.india.com/news/satyamev-jayate-highlights-the-issue-of-female-foeticide/|work=IANS|publisher=Health. India|accessdate=7 May 2012|date=7 May 2012}}</ref>

The show claimed that according to [[2011 census of India|2011 Census]], the rate at which the unborn female child is killed amounts to killing off one million girls a year and there were 914 girls for every 1,000 boys.<ref name="SMJ highlights @ HealthIndia" /> The episode concluded with a song "O Ri Chiraiya" sung by [[Swanand Kirkire]] along with [[Ram Sampath]]. The title of the song translates to "O sparrow!" a bird that is slowly becoming extinct.<ref>{{Cite web |title=English Translation of O ri Chiraiya song {{!}} Satyamev Jayate |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/forum/satyamev-jayate/2968017/english-translation-of-o-ri-chiraiya-song |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>

===Impact===
On the next day after the episode went on air, [[List of Chief Ministers of Rajasthan|Rajasthan Chief Minister]], [[Ashok Gehlot]] urged the public representatives and other non-governmental organisations to take actions to stop the illegal practice of female foeticide. An official reported that Gehlot also reviewed existing efforts taken by the government against the issue. He also directed the officials to prepare a plan for a special campaign against female foeticide.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/RAJ-JPR-aamirs-satyamev-jayte-impact-raj-govt-to-check-female-foeticide-3233642.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219094214/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/RAJ-JPR-aamirs-satyamev-jayte-impact-raj-govt-to-check-female-foeticide-3233642.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 December 2014|title=Aamir's Satyamev Jayate impact: Raj govt to check female foeticide|date=8 May 2012|work=Dailybhaskar.com|accessdate=8 May 2012|agency=PTI}}</ref>

Khan, as promised on the show, met Gehlot over the issue of female foeticide. Gehlot accepted the request to set up fast track court to deal the case of the [[sting operation]] featured on the show, which was conducted in 2005 by Meena Sharma and Shripal Shaktawat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-rajasthan-cm-vow-to-fight-female-foeticide/256315-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511011436/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-rajasthan-cm-vow-to-fight-female-foeticide/256315-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2012|title=Satyamev Jayate: Aamir Khan, Rajasthan CM vow to fight female foeticide|date=9 May 2012|work=[[IBNLive]]|accessdate=9 May 2012|agency=CNN-IBN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Satyamev-Jayate-Aamir-Khan-Gehlot-to-fight-female-feticide/articleshow/13067497.cms|title=Satyamev Jayate: Aamir Khan, Gehlot to fight female feticide|date=9 May 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=9 May 2012|agency=IANS}}</ref> After discussion with Gehlot, Chief Justice of the Rajasthan High Court [[Arun Kumar Mishra]] given permission to set up the fast track court.<ref name="High on TRP@TOI">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-14/tv/31700296_1_female-foeticide-ultrasound-centres-sonography-centres|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619083612/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-14/tv/31700296_1_female-foeticide-ultrasound-centres-sonography-centres|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 June 2012|title='Satyamev Jayate' Aamir Khan's smallscreen venture high on TRP|date=14 May 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=18 May 2012|agency=TNN}}</ref> The sting operation had revealed the faces of more than 140 doctors involved in the illegal practices of [[Obstetric ultrasonography|sex determination test]] and abortion. But no one had been punished in the case even after seven years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://india.nydailynews.com/article/c5a5560d2e62402cdf0d4b3fd45dbbf7/gehlot-promises-aamir-war-on-foeticide-evening-lead|title=Gehlot promises Aamir war on foeticide|date=9 May 2012|work=[[NY Daily News]]|accessdate=9 May 2012|agency=IANS}}</ref>

On 10 May 2012, The [[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan Government]] suspended the licenses of six [[sonography]] centres and issued notices to 24 others for violating the provisions of the [[Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal and Diagnostic (PCPNDT) Act, 1994]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-10/news/31655798_1_sonography-centres-pcpndt-act-female-foeticide|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707150702/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-10/news/31655798_1_sonography-centres-pcpndt-act-female-foeticide|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2012|title=Rajasthan cracks down on sonography centres|date=10 May 2012|work=Economic Times|accessdate=14 May 2012}}</ref> However, the health minister of Rajasthan, Rajkumar Sharma, criticised the show for "sensationalising female foeticide cases". He argued that the government had already been taking action against female foetecide, and did not perform a knee-jerk reaction following the show.<ref name="rajhmcrit">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Aamir-working-for-money-not-issue-says-Minister/articleshow/13149944.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126040605/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-16/tv/31712318_1_check-foeticide-issue-rajasthan-s-minister|url-status=live|archive-date=26 January 2013|title=Rajasthan's health minister criticises ''Satyamev Jayate''|date=16 May 2012|access-date=16 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN}}</ref>

The first episode of the show also influenced several [[state governments in India]]. [[Maharashtra]] Health Minister, [[Suresh Shetty]] asked for Khan's support for the government's campaign against female foeticide. In a letter written to Khan, Shetty mentioned that the [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra government]] had registered cases against 317 sonography centres in the state conducting unauthorised sex determination tests. Also 27 doctors and four families who sought sex determination tests have been punished under the PCPNDT Act.<ref name="High on TRP@TOI"/> However, Bollywood actor couple [[Ajay Devgn]] and [[Kajol]] became associated with the government's campaign against female foeticide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2012/ajay-devgn-kajol-female-foeticide-campaign-095805.html|title=Now, Ajay Devgn and Kajol campaign against female foeticide|date=18 May 2012|work=Oneindia|access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref> [[Haryana government]] made it compulsory to submit identification proof of the pregnant woman at [[ultrasonography]] centres as a pre-condition for undergoing the [[prenatal sex discernment]] test. Haryana government also announced a reward of {{INRConvert|21000}} to those who give information about doctors conducting sex determination tests in the state. The [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] had suspended licence of 65 [[Medical termination of pregnancy]] (MTP) centres in the state.<ref name="High on TRP@TOI"/>

==Episode 2: Break the Silence==
Air Date: 13 May 2012

The second episode focused on [[child sexual abuse]] in India. For the episode, Khan had worked with NGOs working with children abused sexually. It showcased two cases of people – Cindrella Prakash and [[Harish Iyer]] – who have had gone through bad experiences. Cindrella was molested in her childhood by an elderly person close to her family while her parents were not in the house. Harish was sexually abused and raped for several years by a similar person close to his family until one day he fought back at the age of 18. The show also focused on how the victims hesitate to tell their parents about their suffering due to fear and shame. It went on to explain on how at times, even after informing their parents, they are unable to take necessary actions due to disbelief or fears of being ridiculed by society.<ref>{{cite news|title=Satyamev Jayate: Episode 2 deals with child abuse|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-episode-2-deals-with-child-abuse/257422-44-124.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515205601/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-episode-2-deals-with-child-abuse/257422-44-124.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2012|accessdate=13 May 2012|newspaper=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=13 May 2012}}</ref> The chief guest was [[Sridevi]], who applauded Harish's courage and determination and handed him a present for appreciation. She signed Khan's letter to the [[Parliament of India]] lending his support to the Parliament for strong [[child sexual abuse laws in India]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Satyamev Jayate': Sridevi teams up with Aamir for law against child sex abuse |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/satyamev-jayate-sridevi-teams-up-with-aamir-for-law-against-child-sex-abuse_111234.htm|accessdate=13 May 2012|newspaper=[[Zee News]]|date=13 May 2012}}</ref>

The episode included a workshop for children to create awareness about the subject amongst children and their parents. The children were told that there are three "danger zones" (private parts) on everyone's body. These include the chest, area between the legs and the bottom. The children were advised to shout and run to a safe place, and immediately inform a person whom they trust (preferably parents) in case any unwanted person tries to touch them in these areas.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rituparna|title=Satyamev Jayate: Aamir Khan throws spotlight on child sex abuse |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-grisly-tales-of-child-sex-abuse/257451-44-124.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515123347/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-grisly-tales-of-child-sex-abuse/257451-44-124.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2012|accessdate=16 May 2012|newspaper=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=13 May 2012|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

===Impact===
Following the broadcast of the second episode, the helpline for children received an increased number of calls from all over the country, reporting child abuse (sexual abuse of children and other forms of abuse).<ref name="toi ganguly may16">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-16/bhopal/31726093_1_national-helpline-girl-child-welfare-committee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517211222/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-16/bhopal/31726093_1_national-helpline-girl-child-welfare-committee|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 May 2012| title='Satyamev Jayate' impact: childline flooded with calls|last=Ganguly| first=Rageshri|date=16 May 2012|accessdate=16 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN}}</ref>

On 22 May 2012, the legislation to protect children below 18 years from sexual abuse became a reality with the [[Lok Sabha]] passing the bill which was earlier cleared by the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref name="toi 23 may">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Parliament-clears-bill-against-child-abuse/articleshow/13402687.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716185030/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-23/india/31826039_1_children-from-sexual-offences-sexual-abuse-courts-for-speedy-trial|url-status=live|archive-date=16 July 2013|title='Satyamev Jayate' impact: Parliament clears the legislation to child abuse|date=23 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 May 2012}}</ref> Child rights activists have called the bill regressive, however, and teens across the country are generally appalled that according to the bill the minimum age for sexual consent was increased from 16 to 18.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/man-woman/Why-wait-till-18-for-sex-ask-teens/articleshow/12910264.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806041831/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-27/man-woman/31506110_1_age-limit-physical-intimacy-sexual-offences-bill|url-status=live|archive-date=6 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|title=Why wait till 18 for sex, ask teens |date=27 May 2012 }}</ref>

==Episode 3: Marriage or Marketplace==
Air Date:- 20 May 2012

The third episode focused on the [[Dowry system in India]]. Khan spoke with several women who had faced dowry harassment by their in-laws before and after marriage. It showcased the story of Komal Sethi from New Delhi who was married to a software professional. Though her in-laws showcased a loving nature in the beginning of the [[arranged marriage]] talks, as the date of the wedding neared, they demanded furniture, cars, jewellery, home appliances and cash from her family. These kind of demands continued after the wedding. After her husband got a job opportunity in the USA she was forced to ask for money from her parents so that her husband could buy the travel tickets to USA and a car there. Once in the US, her husband tortured her (by not respecting her, by not letting her to eat enough and strangulating her repeatedly) to get money for furniture and cars in the US, although they had already been given so in India and her husband was earning $65,000 per year. Apart from these, he also pressurised her to get the legal rights to her house in India. Upon her consistent refusal, he left her without food and water, confining her in their apartment for four days before she was rescued by a women's care helpline. Her parents commented at the end of Komal's story that they should have refused the initial demands and broken off the arrangement rather than suffering later and ultimately breaking the marriage.

The second showcased story on the show was of Nishana, who was then pursuing PhD from [[American College, Madurai]]. A big family from the city had approached her family for their [[Marriage proposal|girl's hand in marriage]]. After the marriage, her in-laws demanded a car, although her family had given a considerable amount of gold and cash in dowry. Even after agreeing to their demand of car, and some whimsical demands of a forced [[plastic surgery]] for Nishana, the caustic comments did not stop. When she could not take it any more, Nishana committed suicide.

The second guest on the show was Paramjeet Kaur Moom, from [[Karimpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. Her marriage also, was an arranged marriage. After marriage, her husband demanded money to go abroad for studies from her. Despite having financial difficulties at the time, her family took a loan of ₹{{formatnum:800000}} and provided for him. After being abandoned in India just after a week of their marriage, although he had earlier promised to take her abroad with him, her in-laws started abusing her physically and verbally and demanding more money. After 3 years of marriage in 2012, despite her father having provided in excess of ₹{{formatnum:1500000}}, she was forced out of her home. At the time of airing, she was being forced to give divorce. In the show, Parneet Singh, Regional Passport Officer of [[Jalandhar]], Punjab was also present and voiced a way for taking action against the husband. The story of Paramjeet was shown to be part of a more generic problem in Punjab of NRI marriages.

Apart from these, the episode showcased several stories from both, urban and rural areas, where the women had to face similar abuse and demands, some of which had ended with divorce or lawsuits which are still pending judgement. The show also highlighted that many people from lower income brackets take loans from the bank for their daughters' marriage expenses.

To curb these types of incidents, representatives of some communities present in the audience outlined some steps taken by them. Their main point was to avoid too [[South Asian wedding photography|much fanfare]], typical of Indian marriages, so that there is no pressure on the poor to arrange weddings like the rich did.

The episode also showcased the story of Rani Tripathi from [[Mumbai]] who fought back by recording the dowry demands by the groom's parents with a hidden camera. Once she informed the media about the tape it was showcased in major TV channels across India.<ref name="dna3">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-satyamev-jayate-episode-3-on-dowry_1691656|title=Review: Satyamev Jayate episode 3 on dowry|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|date=21 May 2012|accessdate=21 May 2012|location=Mumbai|first=Zinnia Ray|last=Chaudhuri}}</ref> Her efforts and courage was appreciated by Khan.

The show was concluded by audience opinions and the episode song Rupaiyya composed by [[Ram Sampath]] and performed by [[Sona Mohapatra]].<ref name="dna3" />

==Episode 4: Every Life is Precious==
Air Date:- 27 May 2012

The fourth episode of the show threw light on the frail [[Public health system in India|health care system]] prevalent in the country. The show started with the story of VS Venkatesh who went through four surgeries to cure an infection in his leg. He later learnt that the entire process that had cost him {{INRConvert|200000}} was unnecessary and the infection could have been treated with medicines. Next, Arvind Kumar from [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] shared that he was hospitalised in an [[Intensive-care unit|ICU]] for three days and later advised a surgery when all he needed was a dose of [[Oral rehydration salt|ORS]].<ref name="Aamir targets doctors @ IBN">{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Ritu|title=Satyamev Jayate: Aamir Khan targets corrupt doctors|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-aamir-targets-corrupt-doctors/261903-44-124.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530060925/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-aamir-targets-corrupt-doctors/261903-44-124.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2012|accessdate=30 May 2012|newspaper=IBN Live|date=27 May 2012}}</ref> The episode showcased the tragic tale of Major Pankaj Rai's wife Seema who was suffering from a kidney ailment and lost her life when the doctors forcibly operated on her for kidney and pancreas transplant without her family's consent. While the surgery cost Rai {{INRConvert|825000}} and the loss of his wife, the doctors were not bothered to inform the family about her demise and switched off their mobile phones.<ref name="Aamir targets doctors @ IBN" /> Dr Anil Pichad from [[Mumbai]] who owns a pathology lab revealed that he used to overcharge patients for tests as he had to pay commission to the doctors. But after he went through a personal tragedy, he stopped bribing the doctors and charges only nominal fees. Several women from Kowdipally village in [[Andhra Pradesh]] were forced to undergo operations to get their uterus removed. The farmers sold their lands or took loans to meet the high costs of these operations which were not needed at all.<ref name="Aamir targets doctors @ IBN" />

The show also shed light on a number of other such medical cases where patients suffering from minor ailments were recommended to undergo surgeries on the pretext of extracting more money from them. Khan spoke to Dr KK Talwar, Chairman, Board of Governors, [[Medical Council of India]] (MCI), a statutory body regulating medical colleges, affiliation, new colleges, and doctors' registration, to understand their actions to tackle such frauds. Dr Talwar committed Khan and the people of the country to take actions against such corrupt doctors. Khan read out the statistics of the percentage of doctors in England whose licenses were permanently cancelled in the past 3 years, and according to the [[Right to Information Act, 2005|RTI]] filed by Khan and his team, not even a single doctor's licence has been cancelled in the recent past in the country, thus letting the corrupt doctors off scot free. Khan also spoke to retired [[Major General]] Som Jhingon, ex-chairman, MCI, who had resigned from his post as he was completely disillusioned by the way the organisation was functioning.

Khan, with the help of Dr. Shamit Sharma from Rajasthan, enlightened viewers by informing them about generic medicines that are available at affordable cost and are in no way inferior to the branded medicines produced by celebrated pharmaceutical companies. The show also spoke about Dr. [[Devi Prasad Shetty]] and his noble scheme that allows poor people to get medical treatment at affordable rates. Veteran Dr. Gulati also urged the government to prioritise health schemes so that even the poor could lead a healthy life.<ref name="Aamir grills MCI @ ZN">{{cite news|title='Satyamev Jayate': Aamir Khan grills MCI chairman, targets greedy doctors|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/satyamev-jayate-aamir-khan-grills-mci-chairman-targets-greedy-doctors_112177.htm|accessdate=30 May 2012|newspaper=Zee News|date=27 May 2012|agency=Zeenews Bureau}}</ref>

The show ended up with a song "Naav" composed and sung by [[Ram Sampath]], with lyrics written by Suresh Bhatia.

===Aftermath===
Highly upset with Aamir on the issues raised in the episode 4, the [[Indian Medical Association]] (IMA) has demanded an apology from Aamir Khan and warned him of legal action if he did not do so.<ref name="Tweets: Satya Mev Jayathe Episode 5">{{cite news|url= http://ibnlive.in.com/news/live-tweets-satyamev-jayate-episode-five/264006-44-124.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120605011742/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/live-tweets-satyamev-jayate-episode-five/264006-44-124.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 5 June 2012 |accessdate=3 June 2012|newspaper=IBN Live|date=3 June 2012|title=Tweets: 'Satyamev Jayate' episode five}}</ref> However, Aamir declined to apologise.

The [[Rajya Sabha]] Parliamentary standing committee on Commerce later invited [[Aamir Khan]], who exposed malpractice in the medical sector, for an interaction on the issue along with his team to share knowledge they gained while researching the episode and to give his views on FDI in the pharmaceutical sector.<ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|title=Satyamev Jayate: Aamir Khan to address Parliament on medical issues|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-to-address-the-parliament-on-medical-issues/266802-44-124.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619100808/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-to-address-the-parliament-on-medical-issues/266802-44-124.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 June 2012|accessdate=19 June 2012|newspaper=IBN Live|date=19 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|title=Aamir Khan to speak in Rajya Sabha on malpractice in medical sector|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Aamir-Khan-to-speak-in-Rajya-Sabha-on-malpractice-in-medical-sector/articleshow/14262712.cms|accessdate=19 June 2012|newspaper=TOI|date=19 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=PTI|title=Aamir Khan to address parliamentary panel on medical issues|url=http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/aamir-khan-to-address-parliamentary-panelmedical-issues/22451/|work=19 June 2012|publisher=Business Standard|accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> On 21 June 2012, Khan appeared before the Parliamentary panel examining FDI in the pharmaceuticals sector and pitched for generic medicines, saying companies will continue to make profit if they sell cheap drugs to the poor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aamir Khan appears before Parliamentary panel, pitches for generic medicines|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-pitches-for-generic-medicines-before-par-panel/267203-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623080727/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-pitches-for-generic-medicines-before-par-panel/267203-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 June 2012|work=21June 2012|publisher=IBN Livem|accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Satyamev effect: Aamir offers "win-win" solution for medical issues |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20120207096&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood&nid=234114
|work=21June 2012|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aamir Khan appears before Par panel, pitches for generic medicines |url= http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_aamir-khan-appears-before-par-panel-pitches-for-generic-medicines_1704913|work=21June 2012|publisher=DNA|accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Satyamev Jayate: Aamir Khan-Parliamentary panel meet a success |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/aamir-khan-in-a-meeting-with-the-parliamentary-panel_113814.htm|work=21June 2012|publisher=ZEE News|accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref>

The [[Government of Karnataka]], upon release of the episode, announced the opening of 'Janatha Bazaar Generic Drug Store', a chain of medical stores, so as to sell generic drugs at subsidised rates, almost 50% less than the MRP. According to the sources, the stores will sell both generic and branded medicines authorised by the US [[Food and Drug Administration]], surgical equipment and orthopaedic implants at 50 per cent of MRP. The government has also plans to make it mandatory for all government doctors to prescribe only generic drugs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Satyamev Jayate Impact? Karnataka government to open generic drug stores|url=http://health.india.com/news/satyamev-jayate-impact-karnataka-government-to-open-generic-drug-stores/|work=20 June 2012|publisher=India dot com|accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Karnataka government to sell subsidised drugs|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Karnataka-government-to-sell-subsidised-drugs/articleshow/14270617.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103213024/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/bangalore/32316493_1_mrp-ciprofloxacin-subsidised-drugs|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|date=19 June 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=21 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Generic drug stores in hospitals|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article546490.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622075934/http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article546490.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 June 2012 |date=20 June 2012|work=Indian Express|accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref> Previously, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] had also announced plans to take steps to make generic medicines available in all government hospitals of the state and to set up government-aided medical stores across the state.<ref>{{cite web|title='Satyamev Jayate' Impact: Aamir Khan's Talk Show Awakens Maharashtra Govt|url= http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/352951/20120616/satyamev-jayate-aamir-khan-maharashtra-generic-medicines.htm |work=16 June 2012|publisher=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref>
The [[Government of Chhattisgarh]] has cracked down on nine private doctors and suspended their registration for allegedly advising and removing of uterus and both ovaries without any convincing medical reasons.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unwanted womb removal: Registration of nine private doctors suspended|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-23/bhopal/32381172_1_uterus-removal-surgeries-rural-areas|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130121035533/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-23/bhopal/32381172_1_uterus-removal-surgeries-rural-areas|url-status= dead|archive-date= 21 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref>

The nephrologist involved in the court case about the death of Seema Rai (which was referred to as a case of medical negligence by Major Pankaj Rai in the episode), Dr. Rajanna Sreedhara, stated that his legal counsel and Fortis Hospital, where he worked, were preparing to send a legal notice to Khan and the show producers for libel.<ref name="Rai"/> He accused Khan of failing to do a proper research, and retired Army Major Pankaj Rai of falsely accusing him of causing his wife's death through medical negligence.<ref name="Rai">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-doctor-hits-out-at-aamir-khan/264652-44-124.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607191427/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-doctor-hits-out-at-aamir-khan/264652-44-124.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 June 2012 |accessdate=12 June 2012|publisher=[[CNN-IBN|IBN Live]]|date=7 June 2012|title=Satyamev Jayate: Kidney specialist hits out at Aamir Khan}}</ref> Sreedhara appealed on [[CNN-IBN|IBN Live]] and social networking forums for a chance to tell his side of the story.<ref name="Sreedhara"/> He claimed that Rai was harassing him for the past two years for a crime he had not committed, and that the show had ruined his reputation as a respected physician.<ref name="Sreedhara">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-victim-strikes-back-at-doctor/265030-44-124.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610044107/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/satyamev-jayate-victim-strikes-back-at-doctor/265030-44-124.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 June 2012 |accessdate=12 June 2012|publisher=[[CNN-IBN|IBN Live]]|date=8 June 2012|title=Satyamev Jayate debate: Victim Pankaj Rai strikes back at doctor R Sreedhara}}</ref> On reading Sreedhara's transcript defending himself, Rai wrote an open letter to IBNLive, and provided several supporting medical and legal documents.<ref name="Sreedhara"/> He stated that the doctor had not presented the facts correctly, and that he was "fighting a lone legal battle with limited resources against a mighty corporation."<ref name="Sreedhara"/>

==Episode 5: Intolerance to Love==
Air Date:- 3 June 2012

The fifth episode focused on unacceptability of [[love marriage]] in [[Indian culture]], and also threw the limelight on [[honour killing]] in the country. The show showcased some real-life examples where a couple married against their families' wishes and had to leave their loved ones, and some examples of honour killing. The first case saw a couple, Lokendra and Fehmida from [[Uttar Pradesh]], who have been struggling to save their life from the latter's family despite a protection order from court, which is proving them helpless. The next case was of a 27-year-old from [[Kolkata]]; [[Rizwanur Rahman]], who lost his life in an attempt to marry a Hindu girl Priyanka Todi, daughter of industrialist [[Ashok Todi]]. The episode then showcased the story of the [[Manoj-Babli honour killing case]] from [[Haryana]], both of whom were killed for their love marriage. Manoj's mother and sister have been threatened a number of times to coerce them to withdraw the complaint. Aamir then had an interaction with [[Khap|Khap Panchayat]], a religious caste-based council having no judicial powers. The panchayat claimed Manoj and Babli's marriage to be immoral, however added that they didn't deserve to be killed.<ref>{{cite web| title = Review: Satyamev Jayate Ep 5 touches draconian tradition of honour killings|publisher=DNA India| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1697729/review-review-satyamev-jayate-ep-5-touches-draconian-tradition-of-honour-killings|date= 4 June 2012| accessdate = 17 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Satyamev Jayate speaks up for lovers!| url =https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Satyamev-Jayate-speaks-up-for-lovers/articleshow/13808018.cms| archive-url =https://archive.today/20130103095947/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-04/tv/32030254_1_aamir-khap-panchayat-love-marriage| url-status =live| archive-date =3 January 2013|date=4 June 2012| work = [[The Times of India]]| access-date = 17 August 2013}}</ref>

Sanjay Sachdev, Chairman of [[Love Commandos]] from New Delhi was invited as a guest for the episode. His committee helps believes in the motto, "Love shall conquer the world", and thus helps couples by giving them basic necessities and legal help. The last story was of Alka and Uday, both doctors by profession. Alka's parents refrained for a long time from accepting their daughter's marriage due to the fear of social stigma. Her parents finally realised that their daughter's happiness weighed more than social stigma and accepted the marriage. The show ended with a song "Ghar Yaad Aata Hai Mujhe" sung by [[Sona Mohapatra]] and [[Ram Sampath]].

===Aftermath===
[[Haryana]]'s [[khap]] panchayats, known for their bizarre [[diktat]]s, have now demanded that [[Aamir Khan]]'s popular TV show, Satyamev Jayate, be pulled off air. Aamir drew the ire of the [[kangaroo court]]s after he accused them of triggering honour killings.<ref name="Khap">{{cite news|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-09/chandigarh/32140006_1_gotra-marriages-haryana-khaps-manoj-and-babli |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130126061003/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-09/chandigarh/32140006_1_gotra-marriages-haryana-khaps-manoj-and-babli |url-status= dead |archive-date= 26 January 2013 |accessdate=9 June 2012|date=9 June 2012|newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |title=Khaps warn Aaamir, want show pulled off air}}</ref><ref name="Khap 1">{{cite news|url= http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/satyamev-jayate-sarv-khap-panchayat-plans-action-against-aamir-khan_113309.htm |accessdate=13 June 2012|newspaper=TOI|date=13 June 2012|title=Satyamev Jayate: Sarv Khap Panchayat plans action against Aamir Khan}}</ref>

==Episode 6: Persons with disabilities==
Air Date:- 10 June 2012

The sixth episode focused on the social problems faced by those with [[disability|disabilities]].

In the show, Aamir highlighted the hardships faced by the disabled who even today continue to struggle for their basic rights. People with disabilities are no different from regular people when it comes to the zeal and appreciation for life.

India has to decide whether it wants the [[crore]]s of people with disabilities to stay at home, or to be a part of the mainstream and contribute to the economy.

Circumstances led Dr Rajendra Johar to be confined to the bed, and he was declared disabled. But he has turned the very notion of disability on its head, and from his bed has helped countless people with disability to gain education, employment and self-respect. Dr Johar is the founder of the NGO Family of Disabled.

Pratibha Chaturvedi is Shreya's mother – and her best friend. "She calls me 'dost'," giggles the cute little girl, who is affected by cerebral palsy but wants to lighten the burden on her mother's life. "Sometimes she gets so tired and I press her feet", says Shreya.

Shreya Chaturvedi is 11 and exudes an enviable zest for life. Another person with disability is Sai Prasad, who demonstrates similar enthusiasm, and he has taken flight, literally. Software engineer Krishnakant Mane writes poetry in his spare time, and climbs real mountains as well as the virtual ones created by a disabled-unfriendly world.

Another person with disability is Sai Prasad, who demonstrates similar enthusiasm, and he has taken flight, literally. Sai Prasad found the country's infrastructural disability to be more challenging than his own. He saw a world of difference in the facilities for the disabled in the United States compared to what there is in India.

And the Song of the Show, ''Chanda'', was performed by differently abled people.

==Episode 7: Danger at home==
Air Date:- 17 June 2012

The seventh episode deals with the serious issue of [[domestic violence]]. This episode had a majority of male audience. The show started with Aamir Khan asking audience on their view about unsafe place for women. There were many views regarding this. All the views from audience pointed to a public place. Khan contradicted this by first showing his findings about the patients statistics in a hospital in Bandra, Mumbai.

The show then proceeded with interview with some women affected by domestic violence.

In this episode, Khan had promised Shanno, a cab driver who was a victim of domestic violence that he would hire her vehicle whenever he would visit Delhi next. When the actor arrived in the capital for two days (to present his research on medical malpractices in Parliament), he hired a cab from Sakha, the agency that Shanno works with.<ref name="Cab">{{cite news|url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Aamir-Khan-keeps-his-date-with-Shanno/Article1-878421.aspx |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120626201530/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Aamir-Khan-keeps-his-date-with-Shanno/Article1-878421.aspx |url-status= dead |archive-date= 26 June 2012 |accessdate=25 June 2012|newspaper=HT|date=25 June 2012|title=Aamir Khan keeps his date with Shanno}}</ref>

==Episode 8: Poison on our Plate?==
Air Date:- 24 June 2012

The show highlighted the adverse effect of [[pesticides]] on people's health and the environment. Examples of toxic chemicals entering the human food chain through spraying of chemicals by farmers were given. It also demonstrated new farming techniques which do not support spraying of any chemicals such as pesticides and fungicides. [[Organic farming]] techniques and success story of a farmer were also shown.

The show was started with a brief on a small research that was carried out by a doctor on how dangerously high dose of chemicals found in pesticides are entering infants through breast feeding mothers.

Then a small documentary was shown on how some villages in the [[Kasaragod]] District, [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]], were affected by repeated unscientific spraying of pesticides using helicopter during a continuous period of 25 years, between 1976 and 2000. Then a doctor who served the same village described the plights of the people, on how they fought and ended this practice. He gave evidence that the mortality rate during pregnancy had decreased significantly as a result of not using pesticides.

The show then discussed on alternatives to pesticides free farming. [[Aamir Khan]] talked to [[Sikkim]]'s Chief Minister, [[Pawan Kumar Chamling|Pawan Chamling]], about Sikkim imposing a total ban on chemical pesticides and fungicides. Sikkim is the first state in India aiming to convert all its farms to use organic farming practices. Another example of organic farming reform in Andhra Pradesh was also highlighted.

There was also counterpart view by an MD of a leading pesticide company, who said that the adverse use of pesticide is exaggerated.

At the end of the show, [[Aamir Khan]] had general discussion with the audience on this topic. The show ended with Aamir Khan asking viewers to vote on their views on government encouraging organic farming.

==Episode 9: Think before you Drink==
Air Date:- 1 July 2012

The show highlighted the issue of alcoholism in Indian society. The audience of the show were the group of people who were under 30 years. Most of them at some point of their life had been under the influence of alcohol. Some thought it to be a social necessity and some took it to celebrate some occasion.

The show started with Aamir khan inviting a reputed news editor to the show. The guest is very successful in his professional career now but ten years back his condition was not the same. He narrated on how he lost his family life, social reputation, financial stability under the influence of alcohol.

The show then proceeded with inviting a psychiatrist who explained on how alcohol effects the person's life.

Other guest to the show were [[Javed Akhtar]], who was also under the influence of alcoholism at one point in his life. He also narrated on how he never touched it for past 21 years.

==Episode 10: Dignity for All==
Air Date:- 8 July 2012

The show discussed the social ills of [[casteism]] and [[untouchability]]. Aamir and the guests spoke about discrimination made in Indian society on the basis of caste, and the kind of treatment that is meted out to people belong to the [[Dalit]] community. Though untouchability is a [[Untouchability#Government action in India|criminal offence]] in India, and the state has, since independence, adopted [[Reservation in India|affirmative action]] for the benefit of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]], incidents of caste based discrimination are reported from across the country on an everyday basis.

The first guest to speak on the topic was Dr Kaushal Panwar, a [[Sanskrit]] professor with [[Delhi University]]. Dr Panwar, who belongs to the Dalit community, faced caste based discrimination right from her childhood and continues to face prejudice even today. She talked about her early childhood and her first brush with casteism when she was asked to wear a different uniform to differentiate her based on her caste. The prejudice continued right through her childhood and did not stop even after she joined the elite [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]]. Even though Dr Panwar is now a professor in one of India's best universities, she is time and again made to feel inferior because of her caste. Despite facing enormous hardships, Dr Panwar was determined to challenge the existent social norms. It was her will and her father's constant encouragement that made her the person that she is now.

The show then featured Balwant Singh, a Dalit and a former bureaucrat, who resigned from the [[Indian Administrative Service]] after facing regular humiliation, even from his subordinates. The discrimination is so deep-rooted that even elected members of parliament are rendered helpless. [[PL Punia]], Chairperson of the [[National Commission for Scheduled Castes]], recollected how priests of the [[Kali]] temple in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] locked up the [[Sanctum sanctorum#The "enclosed house" of Hindu temple architecture|sanctum sanctorum]] when he tried opening up the temple gates for Dalits.

The second guest on the show was documentary filmmaker [[Stalin K]], who has produced a film titled 'India Untouched'. He cleared the misconception that casteism is not only prevalent among the Hindus, but is apparent among the Muslims, Christians and Sikhs too. Aamir showed a few clips from Stalin's documentary to show the prevalent practice of caste based discrimination across religious lines. Stalin advocated inter-caste marriages as a possible solution to end this ill, which runs deep in the Indian psyche.

Next story to feature on the show was from Samarthpura village in Rajasthan, where a Dalit, Rampal Solanki, challenged the exclusive right of [[Forward caste|upper castes]] to ride a horse during wedding processions. Facing threats, Rampal approached the Station House Officer (SHO) of the nearest police station. The SHO, Manvendra Singh Chauhan, despite belonging to an upper caste himself, decided to uphold the law of the land. The wedding procession was provided police protection and a regressive social custom was eventually broken.

The show then played host to [[Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari|Justice CS Dharmadhikari]], a veteran freedom fighter and former judge. Born in a [[Brahmin]] family, Justice Dharmadhikari disassociated himself from the customary practices followed by his community, for which he suffered social exclusion from other members of his caste. He narrated an incident when his nephew's life got saved by a Dalit person's blood. He raised an important question to everyone – When the blood of a Brahmin and a Dalit is not different by virtue of their castes, why is the society hell bent on segregating people on the basis of their birth? Justice Dharmadhikari emphasised that the only way to stop caste-based discrimination is to refuse the existence of a caste system. He received a standing ovation from the audience.

The last guest on the show was [[Bezwada Wilson]], son of a [[Manual scavenging|manual scavenger]] who took upon himself to create awareness against this inhuman occupation and uplift people who were "traditionally" into the occupation. It was due to his, and his team's effort, that the Indian government eventually passed the 'Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993'.<ref>{{cite web |title= THE EMPLOYMENT OF MANUAL SCAVENGERS AND CONSTRUCTION OF DRY LATRINES (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1993|url= http://www.legalindia.in/the-employment-of-manual-scavengers-and-construction-of-dry-latrines-prohibition-act-1993}}</ref> The implementation of this act, however, has been unsatisfactory. Wilson accused the [[Indian Railways]] of employing manual scavengers to clean up railway tracks on platforms.

The general consensus on the show was that casteism can only be eradicated if both the backward and the forward communities join hands together. The issue needs to be acknowledged and dealt with on an urgent basis. Real development of the nation can only take place if citizens treat each other equally and do not consider any person inferior on the basis of birth.

The audience question of the episode was – ''"Do we wish to see an immediate end to the practice of manual scavenging, or cleaning of others' excreta by hand?"'' The charity proceeds from the episode will be given to 'Association for Rural and Urban Needy', a society working for the welfare of manual scavengers.

The show ended with the song 'Kabir Vani', [[Kabir]]'s poetry rendered into lyrics by [[Munna Dhiman]], set to music by Ram Sampath and sung by [[Keerthi Sagathia]].

===Reception===
The show did not generate as much interest as some of the earlier episodes. Part of it could be because the issue of casteism is not a topic unknown to most Indians. Some people alleged that the show generalised the entire Brahmin community of being casteist. Others felt the episode was long and the lack of intensity made for dull viewing.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-tv-reviewsatyameva-jayate-touches-the-untouchables-3495512.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120711143018/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-tv-reviewsatyameva-jayate-touches-the-untouchables-3495512.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 11 July 2012 |accessdate=8 July 2012|newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar|date=8 July 2012|title=TV Review:Satyameva Jayate touches the untouchables!}}</ref>

==Episode 11: Sunset Years, Sunshine Life==
This episode was telecast on 15 July 2012. The show discussed the conditions of senior citizens. Nonagenarian adventure sportsman [[N. K. Mahajan]] was amongst those interviewed on the show.<ref name="IE-20120716">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nonagenarian-trekker-inspires-many-on-satyamev-jayate/974899/0|title=Nonagenarian trekker inspires many on Satyamev Jayate|last=Roy|first=Kasturi|date=16 July 2012|work=The Indian Express|publisher=The Indian Express Limited|accessdate=17 July 2012|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Satyamev Jayate (talk show)]]
*[[Satyamev Jayate (season 2)]]
*[[Satyamev Jayate (season 3)]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.satyamevjayate.in/ Official site]

[[Category:2012 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Satyamev Jayate (talk show)]]

Dafali

2026-03-09T11:16:47Z

UlrikeWeber: done

{{Short description|Muslim community in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}

The '''Dafali''' are a [[Muslim]] community found in India with the majority being in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] surname Masoodi{{Clarify|reason=The last two words of the sentence make seem disjointed. Slight rewriting would clarify if those using the surname Masoodi are Dafali, or if some of the Dafali use this surname or neither.|date=September 2025}}. They have been categorized in [[Other Backward Class]] (OBC) category in Uttar Pradesh. Dafali are also found in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes: Bihar |url=http://ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/bihar.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227014048/https://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/bihar.pdf |archive-date=27 Feb 2012 |access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref>

They are [[Dalit Muslim|Dalit muslims]] and along with other dalit muslim conmunities are referred Arjal or Arzal.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Choudhary |first=Kushal |date=2021-04-03 |title=How the Halalkhor Community Fights Untouchability and Exclusion |url=https://www.newsclick.in/how-halalkhor-community-fights-untouchability-exclusion |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2026-03-09 |work=NewsClick}}</ref> They comes under the EBC(economically backward class) in Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-01 |title=Pasmanda outfit cites Bihar OBC, EBC list to demand caste census for Muslims |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/pasmanda-outfit-cites-bihar-obc-ebc-list-to-demand-caste-census-for-muslims-7481587/ |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Origin==

The Dafali are found throughout the country, primarily in [[Uttar Pradesh]], with special concentrations in [[Pilibhit district|Pilibhit]], [[Rampur district|Rampur]], [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]], [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]], [[Badauon district|Badauon]], [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]], [[Kanpur]] and [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]] districts in the west, where the community speak [[Kauravi dialect|Khari boli]], while in [[Awadh]], they are found mainly in the districts of [[Lucknow]], [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]], [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]], [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Shravasti district|Shravasti]] and [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]], [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti district]], [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]], [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Shravasti district|Shravasti]] and [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]], [[Siddharthnagar district|Sidharth Nagar District/Sidharthnagar]], [[Allahabad]], [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]], [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] where they known as Hashmi, where the community speak [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] and their tribal language 'Madaah'.<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books/about/People_of_Indiauttar_Pradesh_Volume_XLII.html?id=_Z2dwQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII] Part Two edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 398 to 402 Manohar Publications</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]

{{India-stub}}

Mast Maja Maadi

2026-03-03T21:44:28Z

UlrikeWeber: Adding First Article W/ Infobox!

{{short description|2008 Indian comedy-romance film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mast Maja Maadi
| image = Mast Maja Maadi.png
| caption = Film Poster
| director = R. Ananth Raju
| producer = Soundarya Jagadish
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Sudeep]]|[[Vijay Raghavendra]]|[[Diganth]]|[[Naga Kiran]]|[[Komal (actor)|Komal]]|[[Jennifer Kotwal]]}}
| music = P. B. Balaji
| cinematography = M. R. Seenu
| editing = Tirupati Reddy
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008|12|12|ref1=<ref name="MMM release">{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/5741/kannada/mast-maja-maadi/index.htm |title=Mast Maja Maadi Kannada Movie - Preview, Trailers, Gallery, Review, Events, Synopsis |publisher=Nowrunning.com |date=2008-12-12 |accessdate=2013-12-12 |archive-date=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602032129/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/5741/kannada/mast-maja-maadi/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| runtime = 160 minutes
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mast Maja Maadi''''' is a 2008 Indian [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] comedy-romance film directed by R. Ananth Raju featuring [[Sudeep]], [[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Diganth]], [[Naga Kiran]], [[Komal (actor)|Komal]] and [[Jennifer Kotwal]] in the lead roles. The film features background score and soundtrack composed by P. B. Balaji and lyrics by K. Ram Narayan. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/guest-entry/articleshow/22378975.cms|title=Guest entry|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=21 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/mast-maja-maadi/cast-crew.html |title=Mast Maja Maadi Cast & Crew |publisher=Oneindia |date= |access-date=2013-12-12 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214171332/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/movies/mast-maja-maadi/cast-crew.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a remake of the 2007 Hindi film ''[[Dhamaal]]'' by [[Indra Kumar]].

==Plot==

''Mast Maja Maadi'' is the story of four good-for-nothing, unemployed youngsters in search of a treasure hidden somewhere in [[Ooty]]’s Botanical Gardens. Apart from them, a cop is also eyeing the treasure. The youngsters’ attempts to get the treasure all to themselves and the hurdles they face in their mission form the crux of the story<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiamoviespot.blogspot.com/2010/01/mast-maja-maadi-vijay-raghavendra.html|title=Mast Maja Maadi - Vijay Raghavendra, Diganth Hit Movie|date=21 January 2010}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sudeep]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Pratap
* [[Vijay Raghavendra]] as Ramu
* [[Diganth]] as Kamesh
* [[Naga Kiran]] as Shyam Bhatatei
* [[Komal (actor)|Komal]] as Mylaari
* [[Jennifer Kotwal]] as Sahana
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Somanath Tantri, Kamesh's father
* [[Umashree]] as Keerthi Bedi, [[Police commissioner|Police Commissioner]]
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Bond DK
* [[Tennis Krishna]]
* [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] as Samarasimha Reddy
* [[R.N.Sudarshan]] as Moneylink Shastry
* [[Nagashekar]]
* Shankar Rao as College Principal Bekupa - Bedarahalli Kumarappa Son Palakshappa
*[[Bullet Prakash]] as Hari Navarathan
*R. Anantharaju
*K. Ram Narayan
*Bangalore Amjad Khan
*[[Mandeep Roy]]
* Shantamma
}}

===Guest roles===
The following actors and actresses appear as themselves in the song "Shakalaka Bhoom".
{{cast listing|
* [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]]
* [[Rekha Vedavyas]]
* [[Sharmila Mandre]]
* [[Sanjjana]]
* [[Sherin]]
* [[Gowri Munjal]]
* [[Suman Ranganathan]]
* [[Ragini Dwivedi]]
* [[Aindrita Ray]]
* [[Keerthi Chawla]]
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by P. B. Balaji and released by Akshaya Audio.

{{Infobox album
| name = Mast Maja Maadi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = P. B. Balaji
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 14 November 2008
| recorded = 2008
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 27:26
| label = Akshaya Audio
| producer = P.B. Balaji
}}

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:26
| title1 = Chori Chori
| lyrics1 = Ram Narayan
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length1 = 5:10
| title2 = Jhana Jhana Kanchana
| lyrics2 = Ram Narayan
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], P. B. Balaji, [[SuVi]]
| length2 = 6:10
| title3 = Ota Ota
| lyrics3 = Ram Narayan
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], Gopal Sharma, P. B. Balaji, Janaki Iyer
| length3 = 4:53
| title4 = Ota Ota (Female)
| lyrics4 = Ram Narayan
| extra4 = [[SuVi]]
| length4 = 5:08
| title5 = Shakalaka Bhoom
| lyrics5 = Ram Narayan
| extra5 = [[Benny Dayal]], Janaki Iyer
| length5 = 6:05
}}

==Release and reception==
''Mast Maja Maadi'' released on 12 December 2008 in India.<ref name="MMM release"/>

''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' opined that "Set aside your thinking cap and just enjoy maadi".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mast-maja-maadi-this-is-fun/articleshow/22290595.cms|title=Mast Maja Maadi: This is fun|date=12 December 2008|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "Mast Maja Maadi is a timepass film if you like comedy".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/15mast-maja-maadi-is-timepass.htm|title=Mast Maja Maadi is timepass|last=Vijayasarathy|first=R. G.|work=[[Rediff]]|date=15 December 2008}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2918996|Mast Maja Maadi}}

[[Category:2008 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2000s adventure comedy films]]
[[Category:2008 adventure films]]
[[Category:2000s comedy road movies]]
[[Category:2008 comedy films]]
[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:Films about treasure hunting]]
[[Category:Films directed by Indra Kumar]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films set on aircraft]]
[[Category:Films set on balloons]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian adventure comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian chase films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy road movies]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Mafia comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:Police detective films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2000s police procedural films]]

Pinaka (Hinduism)

2026-02-23T18:30:08Z

UlrikeWeber: Revised and enhanced article content

[[File:Rama breaking the bow to win Sita as wife.jpg|thumb|''Rama breaking the bow to win Sita as wife'', Raja Ravi Varma.]]
{{Short description|Celestial bow of Shiva}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=September 2017}}

The '''Pinaka''' ({{langx|sa|पिनाक}}, pināka) is the celestial bow of the [[Hindus|Hindu]] deity, [[Shiva]], which was crafted by Vishwakarma. In popular legend, he is believed to have employed this bow in his avatar as [[Tripurantaka]] to annihilate the three cities of [[Mayasura]], known as [[Tripura (mythology)|Tripura]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://faculty.washington.edu/prem/mw/p.html |title= Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary |last= Williams |first= Monier |date= |quote= pínāka m. n. a staff or bow, (esp.) the staff or bow of Rudra-Śiva |access-date= 1 September 2017 |archive-date= 25 March 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180325053530/http://faculty.washington.edu/prem/mw/p.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> The weapon is the origin of one of Shiva's epithets, ''Pinākapāṇi'', literally meaning, 'The Wielder of The Pināka'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Śiva |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241961.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> According to [[Ramayana|Valmiki Ramayana]], Lord Shiva gifted the Pinaka bow to [[Devata|Devatas]] after the destruction of [[Daksha yajna|Daksha's Yajna]]. Later the Devatas passed the Pinaka bow to the King [[Devarata Janaka]] of [[Videha|Mithila Kingdom]] for its safe-keeping. It was kept safe till the regime of the King [[Janaka|Shreedhwaja Janaka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary {{!}} Valmiki Ramayanam |url=https://www.valmiki.iitk.ac.in/summary?field_kanda_tid=1&field_sarga_value=66 |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=www.valmiki.iitk.ac.in}}</ref>

== Literature ==
[[File:Hundreds of men bring the cart with the chest containing the great bow of Janaka.jpg|thumb|Hundreds of men bring the cart with the chest containing the great bow of Janaka]]

The first mention of the pinaka is In the [[Taittiriya Shakha|Taittirīya]] and Vājasneyi Samhitas of the Krishna and Shukla Yajurveda respectively. Here, [[Rudra]] is called as Pinākahasta (one who has the Pināka bow in his hands) and Pinākavāsa (The one who wears the Pināka bow as an ornament).

In the [[Shiva Purana]], Shiva employed the Pinaka in his duel against [[Ganesha]], who had been appointed to stand guard while his mother [[Parvati]] bathed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2018-10-15 |title=The head of Gaṇeśa is chopped off during the battle [Chapter 16] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/shiva-purana-english/d/doc226136.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Harivamsa Purana]], when the Prajapati [[Daksha]] performed a [[yajna]] for the gods, his ceremony was obstructed by Shiva and a human incarnation of [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]], who wielded the Pinaka. Hari ([[Vishnu]]) stood to confront him, accompanied by the [[adityas]] and the [[Vasu|vasus]]. Shiva struck Hari on his breast, who countered by grabbing his assailant's throat. When he strung his own bow [[Sharanga (Hindu mythology)|Sharanga]], the mountain [[Meru Peak|Meru]] trembled. Infuriated, Nandi raised the Pinaka and struck Hari on the head, who stupefied the man with a smile and stood firm, allowing the yajna to resume.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-11-14 |title=Shiva Obstructs Daksha’s Sacrifice and Hari Fights with Him [Chapter 28] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/harivamsha-purana-dutt/d/doc485701.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Padma Purana]], Shiva employed the Pinaka to combat [[Jalandhara]]:<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-09-26 |title=Jālandhara Is Killed [Chapter 18] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc365449.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=Having heard these words of Brahma, Śiva knew (the illusion). Knowing the demon’s illusion, he threw a large rock (at the demons). With that he killed three hundred crores of demons. O king, then having very angrily mounted upon his bull (i.e. Nandin), Śiva took his Pināka bow and arrows. Then the son of the Ocean (i.e. Jālandhara), seeing Śiva, free from the illusion, manifested quickly another group of illusions which deluded the lord of gods, which was very wonderful, which was very powerful. Jālandhara turned into (one) having a crore of arms and fought Śiva with trees, weapons and missiles; and he, the Ocean’s son, put the earth that was decorated with the red chalk into the intermediate space; and the Ocean’s son made the earth adorned with many charming temples of deities, full of various (kinds of) flowers. Celestial nymphs, more lovely than Menakā danced there. Śambhu, forgot (to fight) and instantly abandoned the bow, and deluded by (the sound of) musical instruments and songs and by the tāṇḍava dance of the lord of demons, started, being mounted upon the bull.|title=[[Padma Purana]]|source=Chapter 18}}{{Saivism}}When the [[Yadava]] forces invaded Sonitapura to rescue [[Aniruddha]], Shiva and [[Kartikeya]] rushed to guard the city of the Shaiva asura, [[Banasura|Bana]]. [[Krishna]]'s [[Sharanga (Hindu mythology)|Sharanga]] and Shiva's Pinaka were used against each other in the battle, the conflict ultimately won by Krishna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-10-31 |title=Aniruddha’s Marriage [Chapter 250] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-padma-purana/d/doc365835.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Ramayana]], Rama broke the Pinaka to win Princess [[Sita]]'s hand in marriage during her [[svayamvara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2021-11-01 |title=Manifestation of Viṣṇu as Rāma [Chapter 5] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-agni-purana/d/doc1083093.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

The Pinaka is sometimes considered to be the weapon Shiva employed to destroy [[Tripura (mythology)|Tripura]], even though other legends state that the bow used for the destruction of the three cities was fashioned from Mount Mandara:<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Tripura |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc242011.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=Śiva had to make grand preparations for a fight with the Tripuras. He invoked half the strength of the devas to himself to make Śivaśakti (Javelin of Śiva) greater than Asuraśakti. The devas made Viśvakarmā construct a special chariot for Śiva. On the banks of the river Narmadā at a place which became renowned as Maheśvara Śiva stayed for a thousand years thinking about the fight with the Tripuras. He made the mountain of Mandara his bow, Vāsuki, the string and Viṣṇu his arrow. He installed Agni at the tip and Vāyu at the bottom of the arrow. Four devas stood as horses to his chariot. The earth itself was the chariot and all the animate and inanimate objects of the devaloka arrayed at different parts of the chariot. On the wheels stood the Aśvinīdevas and Cakrapāṇi stayed on the axle. Gandharvas took places on the spokes. Indra stayed on the bow and Vaiśravaṇa on the arrow. Yama took his place on the right hand and the dreadful Kāla on the left hand. Brahmā acted as the charioteer.

Equipped thus, Śiva stayed in the godly chariot for a thousand years. When the three cities joined together in the sky Śiva split the cities by his three forked spike. Then he sent an arrow to the cities. Bad omens began to appear in Tripura. People became lifeless in the cities. Soon an arrow from Śiva burnt the cities and the Tripuras were burnt to death.|title=[[Padma Purana]]|source=Chapters 31 - 34}}

== See also ==

* [[Sharanga (Hindu mythology)|Sharanga]]
* [[Vijaya (bow)|Vijaya]]
* [[Gandiva]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Weapons of Shiva]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Mithila]]

2005 in India

2026-02-15T15:16:13Z

UlrikeWeber: basic improved structure as per guidelines and corrected details

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Year in India|2005}}
Events in the year '''2005 in the Republic of India'''.

==Incumbents==
{| class= wikitable
! Post
! Name
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[President of India|President]]'''
| [[A.P.J Abdul Kalam]]
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Vice President of India|Vice President]]'''
| [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]'''
| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]]'''
| [[Ramesh Chandra Lahoti]] until 1 November, succeeded by [[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]]
|}

===Governors===
{| class= wikitable
! Post
! Name
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]'''
| [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]'''
| [[Shilendra Kumar Singh]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Assam|Assam]]'''
| [[Ajai Singh]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Bihar|Bihar]]'''
| [[Buta Singh]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]'''
| [[Krishna Mohan Seth]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Goa|Goa]]'''
| [[S. C. Jamir]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Gujarat|Gujarat]]'''
| [[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Haryana|Haryana]]'''
| [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]'''
| [[Vishnu Sadashiv Kokje]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]'''
| [[Syed Sibtey Razi]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]'''
| [[Srinivas Kumar Sinha|S. K. Sinha]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Karnataka|Karnataka]]'''
| [[T. N. Chaturvedi]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Kerala|Kerala]]'''
| [[R. L. Bhatia]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]'''
| [[Balram Jakhar]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]'''
| [[S.M. Krishna]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Manipur|Manipur]]'''
| [[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]'''
| [[M.M. Jacob]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Mizoram|Mizoram]]'''
| [[Amolak Rattan Kohli]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Nagaland|Nagaland]]'''
| [[Shyamal Datta]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Odisha|Odisha]]'''
| [[Rameshwar Thakur]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[List of governors of Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''
| [[Sunith Francis Rodrigues]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]'''
| [[Pratibha Patil]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Sikkim|Sikkim]]'''
| [[V. Rama Rao]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]'''
| [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]]'''
| [[Dinesh Nandan Sahay]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]'''
| [[T. V. Rajeswar]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]'''
| [[Sudarshan Agarwal]]
|-
| {{ flagicon|IND}} '''[[Governor of West Bengal|West Bengal]]'''
| [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]
|}

==Events==
* National income - {{INR}}36,321,247 million

=== January - June ===
* [[Kerala State Horticulture Mission]] is founded.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110818012318/http://shm.kerala.gov.in/home.htm Official Web Site: State Horticulture Mission Kerala [http://nhm.nic.in/ National Horticulture Mission of India]</ref>
* 10 January – The [[Delhi High Court]] says that a "high claim ratio" cannot be grounds to turn down [[Health insurance|medical insurance]] contract renewal requests. The court said that medical policies were liable to be renewed on the same terms and conditions as the old ones. However, insurance companies could load the [[Insurance premium|premium]] to a limited extent if high payments were sought by a consumer.
* 23 January – In line with the suggestions of the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], the [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] asks the chief electoral officers of [[Bihar]], Jharkhand and [[Haryana]] to do videography of proceedings inside [[polling station]]s without violating the [[secrecy of vote]].
* 25 January – A [[Mandher Devi temple stampede|stampede]] at the [[Mandher Devi temple in Mandhradevi|Mandher Devi temple]], [[Satara district]] during a religious [[pilgrimage]] in India kills at least 215, mostly women and children.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crushed by the crowd|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30203681.ece|access-date=2022-01-22|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref>
* 29 January – The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)-led government in [[Goa]] headed by [[Manohar Parrikar]] is reduced to a minority after four BJP [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]] resign from the 40-member house. While the [[Indian National Congress]] has staked its claim to form the new government, Parrikar has said he will prove his majority.
* 29 January – Former BJP president [[Venkaiah Naidu]]'s helicopter is set on fire by suspected [[Maoism|Maoists]] during his campaign tour of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], Bihar. Naidu escapes unhurt.
* 10 March – [[TRAI]] (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) slashes tariffs for international [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] prices by up to 70% with effect from 1 April.
* 16 March – [[Ripudaman Singh Malik]] and [[Ajaib Singh Bagri]], accused of the bombing of [[Air India Flight 182]] in 1985, are found not guilty on all counts.
* March - A [[Muslims|Muslim]] cattle trader Hasanabba and his son were assaulted by [[Cow vigilante violence in India|Cow vigilante]] in [[Mangalore]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-14 |title=Coastal Karnataka: Communal cauldron |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/communal-cauldron/article23594934.ece |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref>
* 25 April – The [[National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]] in a landmark judgement rules that hospitals are duty bound to accept accident victims, that patients in critical condition and that doctors cannot first demand fees before agreeing to treat the patient and that a relative's consent is not necessary if there is no family member present at the time.
* 21 May – [[International Direct Dialling]] to countries in the Gulf, the SAARC region, [[Saudi Arabia]], Africa, Australia and New Zealand will cost Rs. 12 a minute, down by 33%.
* 24 May – The maiden domestic flight operation of [[SpiceJet]] in [[New Delhi]] – [[Mumbai]] route.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SpiceJet Ltd.|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/spicejet-3367/information/company-history|access-date=2022-01-22}}</ref>
* 6 June – [[Imrana rape case]].

=== July - December ===
* 26 July – [[Mumbai]] and the [[Mumbai Conurbation]] area is submerged in 5–7 ft. of water due to heavy rains, making nearby dams release water causing a massive flood, which virtually stops the financial capital of India for 4–5 days.
* 23 August - [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005]] enacted, ensuring 100 days employment guarantee for every [[India|Indian]].
* 30 August – Removal of License Requirements for Exports of Controlled Items to India, Federal Register.
* September – A high-level United States defence team for the first time gives a classified detailed briefing to Indian officials on the patriot [[PAC-III]] anti-missile system, its capabilities against [[weapons of mass destruction]] and on the sensitive technologies of the [[F-18/A hornet]] and [[F-16]] [[fighter jet]]s.
* 9 September – A group of [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] sympathizers hijacked and burnt a [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] bus near [[Kalamassery]], [[Kerala]] in retaliation to long detention of [[Abdul Nazer Mahdani]] at Coimbatore Jail.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2005 Kalamassery bus burning case: Fourth accused deported from Saudi Arabia, arrested in Delhi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/apr/27/2005-kalamassery-bus-burning-case-fourth-accused-deported-from-saudi-arabia-arrested-in-delhi-1807120.html|access-date=2022-01-22|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* 29 October – A train in [[Andhra Pradesh]], derails, killing at least 77 people.
* 29 October – At least 61 people are dead and many others wounded in three powerful blasts in [[Delhi]] (See [[29 October 2005 Delhi bombings]] for full details).
* 19 November - [[Shanmugam Manjunath]] a [[Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011|Whistle Blowers]] working in [[Indian Oil Corporation]] murdered in [[Lakhimpur Kheri district]] [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-05 |title=The extraordinary tale of an ordinary man |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/The-extraordinary-tale-of-an-ordinary-man/article12291362.ece |access-date=2024-12-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-14 |title=Convict in 2005 killing of IOC whistleblower S Manjunath released from UP jail for good conduct |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/convict-in-2005-killing-of-ioc-whistleblower-s-manjunath-released-from-up-jail-for-good-conduct/articleshow/96991320.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* 21 November – An Indian social worker, Junned Khan, and his NGO, pratham society for vulnerable children, with the help of Delhi Police and Delhi Labour Department, rescued 487 trafficked child labour from illegal factories of North shahadara area in Eastern part of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=500 children rescued in India|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/500-children-rescued-in-india-20051122|access-date=2022-01-22|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 22 November – [[Nitish Kumar]] defeated [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] in the [[Bihar]] state election.
* 26 November – [[Death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh]].
* 29 December – Firing, possibly a terrorist attack, at [[Indian Institute of Science#Terrorist attack|IISC]], Bangalore campus.

==Births==
* 18 June - [[Sara Arjun]]
* 10 August - [[R Praggnanandhaa]]
* 24 November – [[20th Kushok Bakula Rinpoche]]
* 31 December – [[Lakshmi Tatma]]

==Deaths==
* 3 January – [[Jyotindra Nath Dixit]], diplomat and politician (born 1936).
* [[File:Amrish Puri.jpg|thumb|178x178px|[[Amrish Puri]]]]12 January – [[Amrish Puri]], actor (born 1932).
* 20 January – [[Parveen Babi]], actress (born 1949).
* 3 March – [[Raveendran]] also known as Raveendran master, [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and South Indian [[music composer]] (born 1943).
* 22 March – [[Gemini Ganesan]], actor (born 1920).
* 25 April – [[Swami Ranganathananda]], President of [[Ramakrishna Math]] (born 1908).
* 3 May – [[Jagjit Singh Aurora]], military commander (born 1916).
* 15 May – [[Mahipal (actor)|Mahipal]], actor (born 1919).
* 21 May – [[Subodh Mukherjee]], filmmaker (born 1921).
* 25 May – [[Ismail Merchant]], film producer (born 1936).
* [[File:A still of the Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports, Shri Sunil Dutt in New Delhi on April 15, 2005.jpg|thumb|176x176px|[[Sunil Dutt]]]]25 May – [[Sunil Dutt]], actor, producer, director and politician (born 1929).
* 23 July – [[C R Irani]], journalist and editor.
* 19 August – [[O. Madhavan]], director and actor (born 1922).
* 31 October – [[Amrita Pritam]], poet, novelist and essayist (born 1919).
* 9 November – [[K. R. Narayanan]], politician and 10th [[President of India]] (born 1920).
* 24 November – [[Jamuna Baruah]], actress (born 1919).
* 12 December – [[Ramanand Sagar]], film director (born 1917).

== See also ==
{{Commons category}}
* [[List of Bollywood films of 2005]]

{{Years in India}}
{{Asia topic|2005 in}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2005 in India| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 21st century in India]]

Mavalli Tiffin Rooms

2026-02-06T07:15:42Z

UlrikeWeber: Adding New Info More To Come!

{{Short description|Indian restaurant and catering company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{COI|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Mavalli Tiffin Rooms (MTR)
| logo = Mavalli Tiffin Room Logo.png
| logo_caption = Official logo of MTR
| logo_alt =
| former_name = Brahmin Coffee Club
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| industry = [[Food]]
| services = Food
| subsid = {{bulleted list|[[MTR Foods]]}}
| founded = 1924
| founder = Parampalli Yagnanarayana Maiya and Brothers
| fate = Managed by members of the founding family
| successor = 
| hq_location_city = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]]
| hq_location_country = India
| area_served = Statewide, Singapore, Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, London, Seattle
| key_people = {{ubl|{{nowrap|Parameshwara Maiya}}|Ganappayya Maiya|Parampalli Yagnanarayana Maiya|[[Sadanand Maiya|Parampalli Sadananda Maiya]] |Harishchandra Maiya}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.mavallitiffinrooms.com/about |access-date=2021-09-17 |website=Mavalli Tiffin Rooms (MTR) |language=en-US}}</ref>
| products = Food
| num_locations = 17
| owner =
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.mavallitiffinrooms.com/}}
}}
{{OSM Location map |coord = {{coord|12.955167|77.58555}} |zoom=15|width=255|height=200|caption=Map showing Mavalli Tiffin Room, [[Lal Bagh|Lalbagh]] Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka|label=Mavalli Tiffin Room|mark-coord={{coord|12.955167|77.58555}} |label-pos=left|mark-title=Mavalli Tiffin Room|mark-description= Mavalli Tiffin Room|minimap=yes}}
The '''Mavalli Tiffin Rooms''' ('''MTR''') is the brand name of a food-related enterprise in India. Having its origin as a mess located on [[Lal Bagh]] Road in Bangalore, it has ten other branches in Bangalore, as well as in other Indian cities and overseas locations. MTR is also known to popularize South Indian breakfast item, [[rava idli]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/break-up-wala-butter-chicken-to-sourdough-rotis-the-pandemic-is-changing-our-most-popular-dishes/articleshow/78208927.cms|title = Break-up wala butter chicken to sourdough rotis, the pandemic is changing our most popular dishes - Times of India}}</ref>

==History==
The restaurant started as '''Brahmin Coffee Club''' in [[Lal Bagh|Lalbagh]] Road area of [[Bangalore]], [[India]] by Parampalli Yagnanarayana Maiya and his brothers in the year 1924.<ref name="mtr">A very brief history of MTR is provided by {{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/us-spice-giant-may-buy-bangalores-mtr/articleshow/808749.cms|title=US spice giant may buy Bangalore's MTR|work=Online Edition of the Times of India, 2006-12-14|publisher=© 2007, Times Internet Limited|access-date=2007-04-19|date=2006-12-14}}</ref> The restaurent moved to a new location in 1960 and was renamed as '''Mavalli Tiffin Rooms'''.

This restaurant was closed in the [[Emergency in India|1975 Indian emergency]] when the Food Control Act made it unprofitable to serve food items; It reopened in 1981.<ref name="reopen">A detailed article on MTR is provided by {{cite web |author=Ranjin Rao |date=2002-08-01 |title=You aren't a Bangalorean till you've done MTR |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/01/stories/2002080100200200.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021110204552/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/01/stories/2002080100200200.htm |archive-date=10 November 2002 |access-date=2007-04-19 |work=the Hindu}}</ref>

{{See|MTR Foods}}

To save the jobs during the time it was closed, MTR started selling spices and roasted flour mixes. That was the beginning of its entry into the convenience and instant food business that became MTR Foods.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-31 |title=A look at Bangalore's iconic Mavalli Tiffin Room (MTR) and its perfect plates |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/dining/food/mavalli-tiffin-room-mtr-bangalore/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Lifestyle Asia India |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Cuisine and Innovation==
MTR serves [[Karnataka]] [[Hindu]] food.<ref name="Riti">A history of MTR is provided by {{cite web |author=M. D. Riti |title=Vaangibaath steeped in spice and tradition ... Lunch at Mavalli Tiffin Room |url=http://www.rediff.com/travel/1999/aug/12mtr.htm |access-date=2007-04-19 |work=Online webpage of Rediff.com, dated 1999-08-12 |publisher=Rediff.com}}</ref> For many years, customers entered the restaurant through the kitchen.<ref name="dosa">MTR's history and its success in creating a frozen [[Dosa (food)|dosa]] is mentioned by {{cite web |author=M D Riti |date=2003-07-18 |title=The world's first frozen dosa |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2003/jul/18mtr.htm |access-date=2007-04-19 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> During [[World War II]], MTR found it difficult to make [[idli]]s since rice was in short supply. According to MTR, they experimented with [[semolina]] instead of rice and thus invented the breakfast item of [[Rava idli|Rava Idli]].

== Management and Expansion ==
Maiya family continues to own and manage restaurant with 3rd generation of Maiya family, Hemamalini Maiya, Vikram Maiya, and Arvind Maiya, the grandchildren of Yagnanarayana Maiya.<ref name="mtr" />

MTR restaurant outside bangalore can be found in Udupi, Mysore, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, London, Bellevue, Mississauga and Dubai.

It has been shown on television in the global travel-related series ''[[Globe Trekker]]''. The restaurant building comprises two floors.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

{{Gallery
|title=MTR, Bengaluru
|width=160 | height=170
|align=center
|File:Parampalli Yajnanarayana Maiya (cropped).jpg
|Founder of the restaurant, Parampalli Yagnanarayana Maiya
|File:Idli at MTR.jpg
|Idli served with pure ghee and sambar
|File:MTR Coffee.jpg
|The MTR coffee served hot in silver coffee cups
|
|An art on the staircase of the restaurant
}}

== MTR Foods ==
In the 1970s, when India was under [[The Emergency (India)|emergency]], a Food Control Act was introduced in 1975 which mandated that food was to be sold at very low prices. This move made it difficult for MTR to maintain high standards in its restaurant business and forced it to diversify into the instant food business, selling ready-to-eat snacks such as [[chutney]]s and [[Rasam (dish)|rasam]]s.<ref name="Riti" /> Since then, MTR has expanded and diversified, with MTR Department Stores opened next to the restaurant.<ref name="diver">Opening of the MTR outlet in [[Chennai]] is mentioned by {{cite news |date=2003-11-14 |title=MTR comes to Chennai |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/food/foodmalls/11mtr.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040113072526/http://www.chennaionline.com/food/Foodmalls/11mtr.asp |archive-date=13 January 2004 |publisher=Chennai Online}}</ref> Currently the MTR brand represents two separate entities; the ''MTR'' restaurant business and ''MTR Foods'', the pre-packaged food business.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

[[MTR Foods]] was headed by [[Sadananda Maiya]] (son of Yagnanarayana Maiya) until it was sold to [[Orkla Group|Orkla]], a Norwegian company for [[US$]]80 Million in March 2007.<ref name="sale">Sale of MTR Foods to Orkla is mentioned by {{cite web |author=Bureau |title=Norway's Orkla acquires MTR Foods in $80-m deal |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/02/14/stories/2007021403530500.htm |access-date=2007-04-19 |work=Online Edition of The Hindu Business Line, dated 2007-02-14 |publisher=2007, The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kulkarni |first=Mahesh |title=Orkla group buys MTR Foods for $80mn |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/orkla-group-buys-mtr-foods-for-80mn-107021401033_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624013330/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/orkla-group-buys-mtr-foods-for-80mn-107021401033_1.html |archive-date=2021-06-24 |access-date=2025-01-25 |language=en}}</ref> It produces packaged foods in different ranges - spices, instant mixes, ready-to-eat foods, vermicelli, beverages, ready-to-cook gravies, a range of frozen products, papads, pickles, chips, snacks and ice creams.<ref name="range">An article on the changes in the MTR Foods division is provided by {{cite web |author=Boby Kurian |title=Has MTR got its recipe right? |url=http://www.blonnet.com/catalyst/2003/06/26/stories/2003062600040100.htm |access-date=2007-04-19 |work=Online Edition of The Hindu Business Line, dated 2003-06-36 |publisher=2003, The Hindu}}</ref> After the [[Kargil War]], a lot of changes happened in the packaged ready-to-eat food segment due to [[Defence Food Research Laboratory]] (DFRL).<ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2011 |title=Indian defence scientists develop hi-tech foods |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/indian-defence-scientists-develop-hi-tech-foods/articleshow/7939397.cms |access-date=22 June 2020 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> It bought the packaging technology from the same DFRL in [[Mysore]] and there are no preservatives added to the food while packaging.<ref name="dosa" /> MTR is the first Indian processed foods company to be [[Hazard analysis and critical control points]] (HACCP)-certified, a standard of food safety and hygiene.<ref name="range" /> It has also sponsored magic shows and theatre performances and given free samples to the audience, as a means of demonstrating their products.<ref name="demo">Marketing strategy of MTR Foods is mentioned by {{cite web |author=Swetha Kannan, V. K. Varadarajan |title=MTR Foods works the magic |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-brandline/MTR-Foods-works-the-magic/article20234270.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323183341/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-brandline/MTR-Foods-works-the-magic/article20234270.ece |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=2007-04-19 |work=Online Edition of The Hindu Business Line, dated 2006-10-05 |publisher=2007, The Hindu}}</ref> MTR Foods created a frozen [[Dosa (food)|dosa]], which can be heated and eaten right away.<ref name="dosa" /> MTR Food products are sold online and exported to the countries in the Persian Gulf, the United States, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="dosa" />

== See also ==
* [[Cuisine of Karnataka]]
* [[Udupi cuisine]]
* [[Tiffin]]
* [[Rava idli]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite news|date=February 2002|title=Bangalore: Temples of Food|author=Achal Prabhala|work=Outlook Traveller magazine|url=http://www.outlooktraveller.com/aspscripts/mag_art.asp?magid=23&page=2}}
* {{cite news|date=2006-10-05|title=MTR Foods works the magic|author=Swetha Kannan and V. K. Varadarajan|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/catalyst/2006/10/05/stories/2006100500190300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]] BusinessLine}}
* {{cite news|date=2014-03-11|title=Now in Singapore|author=Shilpa Pai Mizar|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/now-in-singapore/article5774054.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]}}
* [http://www.bangalorecaterers.com/mtr-opens-dubai-singapore/ MTR Opens in Dubai After Singapore]

==External links==
* [http://mavallitiffinrooms.com Webpage of MTR Restaurants]
* [http://www.mtrfoods.com Webpage of MTR Foods Ltd.]
* [http://www.asklaila.com/search/Bangalore/-/Mavalli%20Tiffin%20Rooms/?searchNearby=false MTR restaurants in Bangalore]

[[Category:Restaurants in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:South Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1924]]
[[Category:Catering and food service companies of India]]
[[Category:Orkla ASA]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1924]]

Biswanath Basu

2026-01-29T13:36:25Z

UlrikeWeber:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Biswanath Basu in DGCT program.jpg
| caption = Basu in 2019
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Baduria]], [[Basirhat]], West Bengal, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Biswanath Bose
| occupation = [[Actor]]
}}

'''Biswanath Basu''' (or sometimes '''Biswanath Bose''') is an Indian actor and comedian, who predominantly works in the [[Bengali film industry]].<ref name=Filmography>{{cite web|title=Filmography of Biswanath Basu|url=http://www.gomolo.com/biswanath-bose-movies-list-filmography/259|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314130641/http://www.gomolo.com/biswanath-bose-movies-list-filmography/259|archive-date=14 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a career spanning over two decades, he has acted in over 80 films and is known for his comic roles.

==Filmography==
;Key
{| class=wikitable
|-
|style="width:15%; background:#ffcba4; text-align:center;"|{{double-dagger}}
|Upcoming release
|}
;Films
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Director
!Role
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|''[[Ekjon Jhumur]]''
|Gautam Sen
|Patla
|
|-
|''Kurukhetra''
| rowspan="3" |[[Swapan Saha]]
| rowspan="3" |Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
|''[[Sabuj Saathi]]''
|
|-
|''[[Kartabya]]''
|
|-
|''Parampar''
|Pranab Kumar Das
|
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Annaye Atyachar|Annay Attyachar]]''
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|''Dada''
|[[T. L. V. Prasad|T.L.V Prasad]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Sathi Amar|Sathi Aamar]]''
|Shankar Ray
|
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2006
|''[[Kranti (2006 film)|Kranti]]''
|[[Riingo Banerjee]]
|Iqbal
|
|-
|''Abhinetri''
|[[Satabdi Roy]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Herbert (film)|Herbert]]''
|[[Suman Mukhopadhyay]]
|Gobindo
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2007
|''[[Kalishankar (2007 film)|Kalishankar]]''
|[[Prashant Nanda]]
|Bala Brahmachari
|
|-
|''Sri Ramkrishna Vivekananda''
|Jogesh K. Mehta
|
|
|-
|''Jiban Sathi''
|Shankar Ray
|
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2008
|''[[Bajimaat]]''
|[[Haranath Chakraborty]]
|Subhra's friend
|
|-
|''Aamar Pratigya''
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Bor Asbe Ekhuni]]''
|Rangan Chakraborty
|Mitil's groom
|
|-
|rowspan="5" |2009
|''[[Hanshi Khushi Club]]''
|Shankha Bandyopadhyay
|Kobi
|
|-
|''Premer Phande Kakatua''
|[[Swapan Saha]]
|
|
|-
|''Mallick Bari''
|Anirban Chakraborty
|Bratya
|
|-
|''Chora Bali''
|Parthasarathi Joardar
|
|
|-
|''Friend''
|[[Satabdi Roy]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan="5" |2010
|''[[Le Chakka]]''
|[[Raj Chakraborty]]
|Gour
|
|-
|''[[Shukno Lanka]]''
|[[Gaurav Pandey]]
|
|
|-
|''Kachhe Achho Tumi''
|Pallab Ghosh
|Rohit's friend
|
|-
|''Laboratory''
|[[Raja Sen]]
|
|
|-
|''Tapur Tupur Brishti Pore''
|Amit Ghosh
|James Potol
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2011
|''[[Fighter (2011 film)|Fighter]]''
|[[Rabi Kinagi]]
|Ice-Cream Boy
|
|-
|''Uro Chithi''
|[[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]]
|Suhas
|
|-
|''Hello Memsaheb''
|[[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]], [[Nandita Roy]]
|Aveek
|
|-
|rowspan="10" |2012
|''[[Bedroom (film)|Bedroom]]''
|[[Mainak Bhaumik]]
|Deb's assistant
|
|-
|''[[100% Love (2012 film)|100% Love]]''
|[[Rabi Kinagi]]
|Rahul's friend
|
|-
|''Goraay Gondogol''
|[[Aniket Chattopadhyay]]
|
|
|-
|''Comeback''
|Pallab Ghosh
|Madan Mohon Mitra
|
|-
|''[[Awara (2012 film)|Awara]]''
|[[Rabi Kinagi]]
|Surya's friend
|
|-
|''[[Paglu 2]]''
|[[Sujit Mondal]]
| Dev's friend
|
|-
|''[[Challenge 2]]''
|[[Raja Chanda]]
|Film artist supplier
|
|-
|''[[3 Kanya]]''
|[[Agnidev Chatterjee]]
|Chintu
|
|-
|''Tor Naam''
|Jai Shankar, Satabdi Das
|Professor
|
|-
|''Premleela''
|Goutam Majumdar
|
|
|-
|rowspan="9" |2013
|''[[Megh Roddur]]''
|Surajit Dhar, Sudarshan Basu
|Customer at Book Shop
|
|-
|''[[Ami Aar Amar Girlfriends]]''
|Mainak Bhaumik
|
|
|-
|''Adbhoot''
|Sayantan Mukherjee
|
|
|-
|''[[Alik Sukh]]''
|Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Nandita Roy
|Biswajit
|
|-
|''[[Half Serious]]''
|Utsav Mukherjee
|Debarshi
|
|-
|''[[Boss: Born to Rule]]''
|[[Baba Yadav]]
|Surya's Friend
|
|-
|''[[Rangbaaz (2013 film)|Rangbaaz]]''
|[[Raja Chanda]]
|Owner of Travel Agency
|
|-
|''[[Ashchorjyo Prodeep]]''
|[[Anik Dutta]]
|Bokbokdharmik
|
|-
|''[[Khasi Katha– A Goat Saga]]''
|Judhajit Sarkar
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4" |2014
|''[[Obhishopto Nighty]]''
|[[Birsa Dasgupta]]
|
|
|-
|''Aak Ek Ke Dui''
|Drono Acharya
|
|
|-
|''[[Aamar Aami]]''
|Orko Sinha
|Subrata Mukherjee
|
|-
|''[[Koyelaanchal]]''
|[[Ashu Trikha]]
|Ghosh Babu
|Hindi film
|-
|rowspan="5" |2015
|''[[Bawal The Film]]''
|Biswaroop Biswas
|Heroine's Brother
|
|-
|''[[Shudhu Tomari Jonyo]]''
|[[Birsa Dasgupta]]
| Chandan
|
|-
|''[[Black (2015 Indian film)|Black]]''
|[[Raja Chanda]]
|Fake Doctor
|
|-
|''Jamai 420''
|[[Ravi Kinagi]]
|Sumanta
|
|-
|''Swade Ahlade''
|[[Arindam Sil]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4" |2016
|''[[Praktan]]''
|[[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]], [[Nandita Roy]]
|Ajay
|
|-
|''[[Badsha – The Don]]''
|[[Baba Yadav]]
|Monty, Badsha's friend
|[[Indo-Bangladesh joint production]]
|-
|''[[Abhimaan (2016 film)|Abhimaan]]''
|[[Raj Chakraborty]]
|Khasnobis, Aditya's assistant
|
|-
|''[[Haripad Bandwala]]''
|[[Pathikrit Basu]]
|Mona
|
|-
|rowspan="8" |2017
|''[[Nabab]]''
|[[Joydeep Mukherjee]]
|Bimal Debnath, a superintendent of West Bengal police
|
|-
|''[[Dhat Teri Ki]]''
|Shamim Ahmed Roni
|Raj's Uncle
|
|-
|''[[Boss 2: Back to Rule]]''
|[[Baba Yadav]]
|Shibcharan Chowdhury
|
|-
|''[[Biler Diary]]''
|Biswarup Biswas
|Kanu Maharaj
|
|-
|''[[Bibaho Diaries]]''
|[[Mainak Bhaumik]]
|[[Lakshana (actress)|Lakshana]]
|
|-
|''Chhutir Phande''
|Alok Roy
|
|
|-
|''Jug Jug Jiyo''
|Shankar Ray
|
|
|-
|''Path Ghat''
|Partha Ganguly
|
|
|-
|rowspan="5" | 2018
|''[[Inspector Notty K]]''
| [[Ashok Pati]]
| Gutil
|
|-
|''[[Ghare & Baire]]''
|[[Mainak Bhaumik]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://in.blastingnews.com/entertainment/2018/04/bengali-movie-ghare-baire-review-and-other-april-2018-releases-002480593.html|author=Shalgar, Parasshuram|title=Bengali movie 'Ghare Baire' review and other April 2018 releases|date=3 April 2018|accessdate=4 April 2018|archive-date=5 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405024627/https://in.blastingnews.com/entertainment/2018/04/bengali-movie-ghare-baire-review-and-other-april-2018-releases-002480593.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|Bonto
|
|-
|''Tui Sudhu Amar''
|[[Joydip Mukherjee]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Ahare Mon]]''
| [[Pratim D. Gupta]]
| Special appearance
|
|-
|''Bagh Bondi Khela''
| [[Sujit Mondal]]
| Police
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2019
|''[[Triangle (2019 film)|Triangle]]''
|Anindya Sarkar
|Rajdip Sen
|
|-
|''Jonmodin''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/soumitra-chatterjee-in-filmmaker-arnabs-next/articleshow/66578254.cms|title=Soumitra Chatterjee in filmmaker Arnab’s next - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-02-02}}</ref>
|Arnab Chatterjee
|Himself
|Short film; Guest appearance
|-
| 2020
|''[[Cholo Potol Tuli]]''
|Arindam Ganguly
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|2021
|''[[Baazi (2021 film)|Baazi]]''
|Anshuman Pratyush
|Kancha
|
|-
|''[[Avijatrik]]''
|Subhrajit Mitra
|Sotu
|
|-
|''[[Tonic (film)|Tonic]]''
|Abhijit Sen
|Gourango: a caterer
|
|-
| ''Commando''
| Shamim Ahmed
|
|
|-
|2022
| ''[[Projapoti (2022 film)|Projapoti]]''
|Avijit Sen
|Bishu, Joy's office colleague
|
|-
|2023
| ''[[Pradhan (film)|Pradhan]]''
|Avijit Sen
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''[[Boomerang (2024 Bengali film)|Boomerang]]''
|Sauvik Kundu
|Chang Lee, a Chinese agent
|
|-
|''[[Dabaru]]''
|Pathikrit Basu
|A neighbour
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|2025
| ''[[Killbill Society]]''
| Srijit Mukherji
|Petkata Shaw
|
|-
|''[[The Eken: Benaras e Bibhishika]]''
| [[Joydip Mukherjee]]
|Sukhdev
|
|-
|''Bagh: The Tiger''
| Sourish Dey
|
|
|}

==Television==
'''Serial'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Serial
!Role
!Channel
!Production House
|-
|2010–2012
|''[[Subarnalata (TV series)|Subarnalata]]''
|Probodh
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|Tron Videotrix Sarbari Ghoshal
|-
|2013–2015
|''[[Jol Nupur]]''
|Choton
| rowspan="4" |[[Star Jalsha]]
|[[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]]
|-
|2016–2017
|''Bhakter Bhogoban Shri Krishna''
|[[Kansa]]
|[[Surinder Films]]
|-
|2017–2019
|''[[Jai Kali Kalkattawali]]''
|Khokan
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
|-
|2018–2019
|''[[Mayurpankhi]]''
|Poltu
|[[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]]
|-
|2020–2021
|''[[Jibon Saathi]]''
| Bipin Sadukhan
|rowspan="2"|[[Zee Bangla]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Blues Productions]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''[[Jamuna Dhaki]]''
| Pobon Dhaki
|-
|''[[Mon Phagun]]''
| Paritosh Hazra
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|[[Acropoliis Entertainment]]
|-
|''[[Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni]]''
| Nagen Choudhury
|rowspan="4"|[[Zee Bangla]]
|rowspan="2"|Zee Bangla Production
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|[[Pilu (TV series)|''Pilu'']]
| Uday Narayan Mukhopadhyay
|-
|''[[Bodhisattwor Bodhbuddhi]]''
| Pramathanath Mukherjee
| [[Surinder Films|Surinder Fims]]
|-
|2023– 2024
|''[[Neem Phooler Madhu|Neem Phooler Modhu]]''
|Priyotosh Basu
|Zee Bangla Production
|-
|2025–2026
|''Sriman Bhogoban Das''
|Bhogoban Das
|Zee Bangla Sonar
|Ideas Creation
|}
'''Television Programme'''

# Bhyabachaka as Anchor
# [[Ghore Ghore Zee Bangla]] as Anchor

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|3392688}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basu, Biswanath}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from North 24 Parganas district]]

1994–95 Karnataka State Film Awards

2026-01-26T15:41:44Z

UlrikeWeber:

{{Short description|Annual Indian film awards ceremony}}
{{one source|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
The '''[[Karnataka State Film Awards]] 1994–95''', presented by the [[Government of Karnataka]], honoured the best of [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada Cinema]] releases in the year 1994.

==Lifetime achievement award==

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awarded As
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|{{*}}'''[[Dr. Rajkumar Award]]''' {{*}}'''[[Puttanna Kanagal Award]]'''
|{{*}}[[Pandari Bai]] {{*}}[[K. S. L. Swamy]]
|{{*}}Actress-Supporting Actress {{*}}Director
|}

== Film awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Producer
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Director
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film|First Best Film]]'''
|''Gangavva Gangamaayi''
|[[Chandulal Jain]]
|Vasanth Mokashi
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film|Second Best Film]]'''
|''Aragini''
|{{•}}B. N. Ravikumar {{•}}R. Prakash
|[[P. H. Vishwanath]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film|Third Best Film]]'''
|''[[Yarigu Helbedi]]''
|{{•}}Asha Gunashekar {{•}}Padmalatha
|[[Kodlu Ramakrishna]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Social film|Best Film Of Social Concern]]'''
|''[[Kotreshi Kanasu]]''
|G. Nandakumar
|[[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|}

== Other awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director|Best Direction]]'''
|''Gangavva Gangamaayi''
|Vasanth Mokashi
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]'''
|''Gangavva Gangamaayi''
|[[Anant Nag]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]'''
|''[[Aagatha]]''
|[[Shruti (actress)|Shruthi]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]'''
|''[[Kotreshi Kanasu]]''
|[[Karibasavaiah]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]'''
|''[[Kotreshi Kanasu]]''
|[[Umashree]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Male)|Best Child Actor]]'''
|''Thaayi Illada Thavaru''
|[[Master Anand|H. Anand]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Direction]]'''
|''[[Haalunda Thavaru]]''
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]'''
|''Thaayi Illada Thavaru'' ("Arishina Kumkuma")
|[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]'''
|''Rashmi'' ("Ibbani Thabbida")
|[[B. R. Chaya]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]'''
|''Aragini''
|R. Manjunath
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editing]]'''
|''[[Lockup Death]]''
|R. Janardhan
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]'''
|''[[Haalunda Thavaru]]'' ("Ele Hombisile")
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]'''
|''Aragini''
|V. Balachandra Menon
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]'''
|''Gangavva Gangamaayi''
|{{•}}Ramesh Desai {{•}}Nanjundaswamy
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story Writer]]'''
|''Gangavva Gangamaayi''
|[[Shankar Mokashi Punekar]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]'''
|''Curfew''
|H. S. Rajashekar
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue Writer]]'''
|''[[Yarigu Helbedi]]''
|[[Kunigal Nagabhushan]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Jury's Special Award|Jury's Special Award]]'''
|''[[Lockup Death]]''
|[[Thriller Manju]] (For Stunts)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Karnataka State Film Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1994-95 Karnataka State Film Awards}}
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Awards]]

{{film-award-stub}}

Nirmala Visweswara Rao

2026-01-24T20:45:35Z

UlrikeWeber: Started

{{multiple issues|{{like resume|date=August 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2018}}
{{MOS|date=November 2018}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
'''Dr Nirmala Visweswara Rao''' (born 29 May 1969) is a classical dancer in [[kuchipudi]] and [[Bharatanatyam|Bharathanatyam]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fullhyderabad.com/profile/events/17247/kuchipudi-dance-recital-by-k-nirmala-visweswara-rao|title= Recital info|website=www.fullhyderabad.com |format=PDF}}</ref>

==Early life==
She was born to the Kamana Ramchandar Rao and Seetha Maha Lakshmi. She started learning [[dance]] at the age of 10 years from his Guru Chinta Rammurthy married Kadimi visweswara Rao in April 1988. With the encouragement of his husband she completed her [[academic degree|Degree]], M.A and MPhil in Dance. She learned from Pasupathi Rama linga satry Garu and continued her career. She started an institute Nirmala Nrutya Nikethan in the year 1998.

==Career==
'''Education Qualifications'''

She has multiple qualifications which include a B.A. from ([[Andhra University]]), Certificate Course in Dance from ([[Telugu University]]), MPA in dance from ([[Central University, India|Central University]]), M.Phil. from PS Telugu University, [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and a Ph.D. in fine arts (Kuchipudi & Garaga Nrutyam)from P.S. Telugu University, Hyderabad, India (2011).

Her child performances (from her 8th year of school and onwards) established the commencement of her career. These included; Pushpanjali, Manduka Shabdam and Ramapattabishekam. At the age of 13 she won a gold medal, for a performing competition and in 1994 she finally emerged as a professional.

Since then Nirmala has had the opportunity to perform at a variety of different platforms including;
* Andhra Pradesh
* Ravindra Bharati
* Tyagaraya Ganasabha
* Hari Hara Kala Bhavanam
* Lalitha Kalathoranam,
* Shilparamam <ref>Varshita. (2013, February 19). [https://events.fullhyderabad.com/kuchipudi-dance-recital-by-k-nirmala-visweswara-rao/2006-september/tickets-dates-videos-reviews-17247-1.html Kuchipudi Dance Recital By K Nirmala Visweswara Rao] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203062951/https://events.fullhyderabad.com/kuchipudi-dance-recital-by-k-nirmala-visweswara-rao/2006-september/tickets-dates-videos-reviews-17247-1.html |date=3 February 2024 }}: Events in Hyderabad - fullhyd.com</ref>
* Shilpakala Vedika, Lal Bahadur Stadium
* Sundariah Vignana Kendra
* Indira Priyadarshini Auditorium.
* City Central Library and all other prestigious platforms in Hyderabad.
* Delhi : Third World Telugu Federation ([[Siri Fort Auditorium]])
* West Bengal: Siliguri Utsav - Siliguri

Some cities she has performed in include; Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Orissa (Konark Festival), Vijayawada, Guntur, Visakhapatnam, Tirupathi, Kadapa, Nellore, Bhadrachalam, Gadwal, Pune and Bhuvaneswar.

==International performances and achievements==

'''International performances '''

Nirmala has performed internationally in; Poland, Turkey, Balgeria, Austria, Sri Lanka, Malahsia, Singapore, Mauritius, Doha Qatar, Muscut, Dubai and Bahrain.

'''Ballets'''

She has performed in ballets which include;

* Mohini Bhasmasura - Credential as Mohini <ref name="Newspaper" <ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-10-29 |title=Dance of the Vedic times |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/nirmala-visweswara-rao-is-making-all-efforts-to-promote-sanatana-nartanam/article7818196.ece |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Shakuntala Parinayam - Credential as Shakuntala <ref name="Newspaper"/>
* Ananda Thandavam - Credential as Parvathi <ref name="Newspaper"/>
* Gajananeeyam - Credential as Lakshmi
* Sasirekha Parinayam - Credential as Narthaki
* Sri Rama Katha Saram - Credential as Narthaki
* Khsamaya Dharithri - Credential as Khsamaya Dharitri
* Sree Rama Dasu Charitra - Credential as Sita
* Dasavataram - In-corination of Lord Vishnu
* Nava Durga Mahotsavam - Credential as Durga
* Sree Krishna Vilasam - Credential as Radha
* Ruthu Shobha - Credential as Prakruthi Matha (Goddess of Nature)
* "Bharateeya Nritya Jhari" - All India Classical Dances (or) Dances of India.
* Lakuma Swantan - Credential as Rani.

'''Awards and Achievements'''

She holds a range of achievements which include;

* "NATYA KALA VIDWANMANI" from All India Telugu Association – Doha Kattar on 9 May 2008.
* Nrutya Kaumudi from Manoranajani – Statewide Organization – 23 June 2003.
* "Best Dancer" award from Telugu Association – Mascut
* " Best Dancer " award from 6th Global International Shopping Festival on 6 June 2008.
* "Golden" award from Telugu Association in Malaysia for Golden Jubilee Celebration.
* Samskara Bharathi – All India Level Organization (Akhila Bharatha Nruthya Utsavam).
* Received memento for excellent performance in Ugadi celebrations from C Rangarajan the Hon’ble Governor of Andhra Pradesh.
* Received Cine Goers award – from Dr. Akkineni Nageswara Rao, (Dada Sahem Phalke award winner).
* Ugadi ;puraskara award from various cultural organizations such as Abhinanandana of Hyderabad.
* Received Best Youth Classical Dancer Award in 6 Dec. 2003 from Abhinaya Nrutya Bharathi – Eluru.
* Received "Natya Siromani" award from Aaradhana – A statewide organization on 5 Feb 2004.
* Participated in 10th Youth Festival in Hyderabad on 25.02.2005.

'''Activities and Various Solo Presentations'''

She has participated in a variety of activities, performances and given solo presentations, which include;

* Shabdas a) Devotional, b) Traditional praising
* Tarangalu
* Javalies
* Padam / Padalu / Padavarnam
* Kirthanas – written by Annamacharya and Tyagaraju
* Slokas
* Siva Sthuthi and Sivastama
* Jathi Swaram / Thillanas
* Astapadulu.
* Vaggeyakara festival in [[Bhadrachalam]] in 2002 & 2005.
* Performed in Kinnera Arts Theatre Andhra Pradesh "Natyasavalu" from 10 November to 7 December 2005.
* Performed in Singapore Telugu Culture Festival in 2006.
* Participated in Space Women's Association (SWAS) celebrated [[International Women's Day]] on 8 March 2007 at Brahmprakash Hall, SHAR CENTER as Chief Guest of the Function.
* Participated in Andhra Day Celebration in [[Mauritius]] on 25 October to 1 November 2007.
* Participated in Andhra Association Cultural programme in [[Pune]] on 23 August 2008.
* Performed during Ganesh Festival in "SHAR CENTER (ISRO)" on 4 September 2008.
* Performed in Administration Staff College of India (ASCI), [[Khairatabad]], Hyderabad.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ccrtindia.gov.in/KNirmalaDevi.htm Gov website]
*[http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/aug72005/citytoday.asp Deccan Herald]
*[http://www.nirmalanrityaniketan.com/ bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714184441/http://www.nirmalanrityaniketan.com/ |date=14 July 2011 }}
*[http://nirmalavisweswararao.blogspot.in/p/about-dr-nirmalavisveswara-rao.html blog]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Nirmala Visweswara}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Kuchipudi dancers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Andhra Pradesh]]

Rajdweep

2026-01-19T04:45:08Z

UlrikeWeber: Content updated and refined

{{Short description|Indian screenwriter, lyricist}}
{{infobox writer
| name = Rajdweep
| alma_mater = Cotton College, Gauhati University
| signature_alt =
| signature =
| awards = Winner at Cinestaan India's Storyteller's Script Contest (2018), Assam State Film Award for Best Lyricist (2017), Best Playwright of the year (2019)
| parents = Jiban Dey, Rina Dey
| children =
| partner =
| spouse = Meenakshi Neog
| notableworks =
| movement =
| subject =
| genre =
| period =
| education = MA Economics, MA Journalism
| image =
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| occupation = Screenwriter, playwright, lyricist, journalist
| death_place =
| death_date =
| birth_place = [[Dhing, Nagaon, Assam]], India
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|20 September 1986}}
| birth_name =
| pseudonym =
| caption = Rajdweep at Gauhati Airport after signing his Bollywood film in 2019
| alt =
| imagesize = 200px
| website = {{url|www.rajdweep.com}}
}}
'''Rajdweep''' is an Indian screenwriter, playwright, lyricist and journalist hails from [[Dhing, Nagaon, Assam]].<ref name=Cinestaan>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/feb/10/18581/playwright-rajdweep-on-how-the-universe-conspired-to-help-him-win-a-cinestaan-script-contest-prize/amp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206043021/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/feb/10/18581/playwright-rajdweep-on-how-the-universe-conspired-to-help-him-win-a-cinestaan-script-contest-prize/amp|url-status=live|archive-date=December 6, 2019|title=Playwright Rajdweep on how the universe conspired to help him win a Cinestaan script contest prize|website=www.cinestaan.com| access-date= 6 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/buzz/assamese-playwright-rajdweep-wins-best-play-of-the-year-award.amp|title=Assamese playwright Rajdweep wins "Best Play of the Year" award|website=Guwahati Plus| access-date= 6 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="drongoexpress.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/12/05/script-by-assams-rajdweep-wins-heart-of-aamir-khan-rajkumar-hirani/|title=Script by Assam's Rajdweep wins heart of Aamir Khan, Rajkumar Hirani|website=drongoexpress|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206043140/https://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/12/05/script-by-assams-rajdweep-wins-heart-of-aamir-khan-rajkumar-hirani/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has been awarded by Bollywood superstar [[Aamir Khan]] for his script 'Ishqlogy' at Cinestaan India's Storyteller's Script Contest in 2018.<ref name=Cinestaan/><ref name="drongoexpress.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov3018/city060|title=Scriptwriter Rajdweep placed fourth in 'Storytellers Contest'|website=The Assam Tribune|access-date=7 December 2019|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130123228/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=nov3018%2Fcity060|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musianacollective.org/the-man-with-mighty-pen/|title=The mighty pen of a young writer makes Assam proud {{!}} Musiana Collective|last=N|first=Jolly|last2=Sarkar|first2=i|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-20|archive-date=2020-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810085613/https://www.musianacollective.org/the-man-with-mighty-pen/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is the first lyricist from Assam who writes Assamese songs in Bollywood film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewsmill.com/first-time-full-length-assamese-song-bollywood-film/|title=For the first time: A full-length Assamese song in a Bollywood film|date=2017-07-03|website=The News Mill|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref> He wrote the songs 'Jiri Jiri' for the film ''[[A Death In The Gunj]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/when-bollywood-goes-jirijiri-to-assam-beats/cid/1434934|title=When Bollywood goes jirijiri to Assam beats|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jul0717/city058|title=The Assam Tribune Online|website=www.assamtribune.com|access-date=2020-01-17|archive-date=2017-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711113453/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jul0717%2Fcity058|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the bihu song for the film ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]''. Again, he becomes the first screenwriter from Assam who signed a Bollywood film. He signed the film on 21 October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.time8.in/new-playwright-rajdweep-all-set-to-debut-in-bollywood/|title=Playwright Rajdweep All Set To Debut In Bollywood|date=2019-10-22|website=TIME8|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magzter.com/article/Lifestyle/Eclectic-Northeast/Scripting-The-Bollywood-Dream|title=Scripting The Bollywood Dream|website=www.magzter.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>

== Personal life and education ==
{{BLP sources section|date=October 2020}}
Rajdweep was born on 20 September 1986 in [[Nagaon]], [[Assam]]. After doing graduation in Economics from Gauhati University, Rajdweep did Masters in Economics and then completed his master's degree in journalism.<ref name="news24hrs.in">{{Cite web|url=https://news24hrs.in/?p=7042|title=Rajdweep, small town boy from Assam wins Aamir Khan's heart with his script 'Ishqlogy'|website=News 24 Hours|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref><ref name="bollywoodcouch.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodcouch.com/india-today-features-screenwriter-rajdweep-as-young-leader-for-his-journey-from-mobile-theatre-to-cinestaan-contest-win/|title=India Today Features Screenwriter Rajdweep As 'Young Leader' For His Journey From Mobile Theatre To Cinestaan Contest Win!|website=www.bollywoodcouch.com|access-date= 7 December 2019}}</ref>

== Career==

After working in many Assamese films, albums and plays, Rajdweep made his Bollywood debut in the [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] directed film ''[[A Death in the Gunj]]'' (2016) as a lyricist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/when-bollywood-goes-jirijiri-to-assam-beats/cid/1434934|title=When Bollywood goes jirijiri to Assam beats|website=Telegraph India|access-date= 6 December 2019}}</ref> His song 'Jiri Jiri' was an Assamese song in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/assamese-song-in-a-bollywood-movie/-regional/fullstory/919252.html|title=Assamese song in a Bollywood Movie|website=United News of India|access-date= 7 December 2019}}</ref> He has been credited for writing the first full-length Assamese song in any Bollywood film. After that, he again got the opportunity to write a song for [[Anurag Basu]] directed film ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]''. He wrote the Bihu song 'Lahe Lahe' for this film. Before that, for MTV dewarist show, he penned the widely accepted song called 'Memories' with Papon and Nucleya. His Hindi songs are 'Pakhi Pakhi', 'Aao Kabhi Jo'. As a screenwriter, Rajdweep's first film was ''Khel-the Game'' (2015). His other film as screenplay writer ''Rum Vodka Whisky'' has been released across Assam. Rajdweep has written songs in many Assamese films and various albums, theatre plays. As the youngest playwright of Assam's unique mobile theatre industry, Rajdweep has written many full-length plays.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/3d-to-brighten-kohinoor-glow/cid/1415060?ref=search-page|title=3D to brighten Kohinoor glow|website=Telegraph India|access-date= 7 December 2019}}</ref> Apart from these, Rajdweep has a career in professional journalism and he is working as senior sub-editor of a vernacular daily called 'Assamiya Khabar'. He was conferred with the 2018-19 'Best Play of the Year' award for his play, ''Bondookor Kobita'' by All Assam Sahitya Sanmilan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/buzz/assamese-playwright-rajdweep-wins-best-play-of-the-year-award.amp|title=Assamese playwright Rajdweep wins the best play of the year award|website=Guwahati Plus| access-date= 6 December 2019}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==

*Awarded Assam State Film Award (Dr. Nirmalprabha Bordoloi Memorial Award) for Best Lyricist for the film ''Dooronir Nirola Poja'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/anniversary-issue/story/20181231-stage-craft-young-leaders-1415590-2018-12-23|title=Stage Craft: Young Leaders: One of Assam's most successful playwright, director, one of Dey's scripts was recently awarded by a jury that included Aamir Khan and Rajkumar Hirani.|website=India Today| access-date= 6 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="bollywoodcouch.com"/>
* Fourth award winner at India's Biggest Script Contest by Cinestaan (2018). Awarded by Bollywood Superster Aamir Khan on 26 November, at Novotel Hotel, Juhu, Mumbai. [[Aamir Khan]], [[Rajkumar Hirani]], [[Anjum Rajabali]], [[Juhi Chaturvedi]] were the jury members of this mega contest with around 4000 contestants from different parts of India. Rajdweep's script 'Ishqlogy - Something greater than technology' won the fourth prize.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/aamir-khan-announces-the-winners-of-the-first-edition-of-cinestaan-india-s-storytellers-script-contest-news-bollywood-sl2rmjibahgbh.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129014340/http://www.sify.com/movies/aamir-khan-announces-the-winners-of-the-first-edition-of-cinestaan-india-s-storytellers-script-contest-news-bollywood-sl2rmjibahgbh.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 29, 2018|title=Aamir Khan announces the winners of the first edition of Cinestaan India's Storytellers Script Contest|website=Sify|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessofcinema.com/bollywood_news/aamir-khan-felicitates-assamese-talent-rajdweep-for-his-script-ishqlogy/426264|title=Aamir Khan Felicitates Assamese Talent Rajdweep For His Script Ishqlogy|last=Network|first=BusinessofCinema News|date=2018-12-02|website=Businessofcinema.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref><ref name="news24hrs.in"/>
* [[India Today]] featured him as 'Young Leader'. The leading news magazine of India featured Rajdweep for his journey from unique [[Mobile theatre in Assam]] to Bollywood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodcouch.com/india-today-features-screenwriter-rajdweep-as-young-leader-for-his-journey-from-mobile-theatre-to-cinestaan-contest-win/|title=India Today features Screenwriter Rajdweep as 'Young Leader' for his journey from mobile theatre to Cinestaan Contest Win!|last=Patil -|first=Akshay|date=2019-01-04|website=Bollywood Couch|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/anniversary-issue/story/20181231-stage-craft-young-leaders-1415590-2018-12-23|title=Stage Craft {{!}} Young Leaders|author=Kaushik Deka |date=December 23, 2018 |magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>
* Best Playwright Award for his play 'Bandookor Kobita' at Oikyotaan Award by Asom Sahitya Sanmilani Award (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/buzz/assamese-playwright-rajdweep-wins-best-play-of-the-year-award|title=Assamese playwright Rajdweep wins "Best Play of the Year" award|website=G Plus|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewsmill.com/bondookor-kobita-by-rajdweep-wins-best-play-of-the-year-award/|title='Bondookor Kobita' by Rajdweep wins best play of the year award|date=2019-05-27|website=The News Mill|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>
*Won the 'Best Popular Playwright of the Year' award by All Assam Cultural Unity Union for the play 'Bahadur' at Nebcus Award 2020. The play was written for Hengool Theatre for the season 2019–2020. The play 'Bahadur' was based on a beautiful triangle love story in the backdrop of a serious issue of human organ trafficking.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-31|title=Writer Rajdweep conferred with Best Popular Plawright award|url=https://www.time8.in/assam-writer-rajdweep-conferred-with-best-popular-plawright-award/|access-date=2021-01-06|website=TIME8 News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Assam: Rajdweep conferred with ‘Best Popular Playwright of the Year’ award for ‘Bahadur’ - INSIDE NE|url=https://www.insidene.com/assam-rajdweep-conferred-with-best-popular-playwright-of-the-year-award-for-bahadur/|access-date=2021-01-06|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Won the 'Best Play' award for the play 'Birikhor Birina' at the historic Nalbari Raas Mahotsav 2022. This play was written for Rajmukut Theatre for the season 2022-23. 'Birikhor Birina' becomes highest grosser play at Nalbari Raas Mahotsav till date.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gani |first=Abdul |date=2022-11-28 |title=Rajdweep's play 'Birikhor Birina' wins Best Play at Nalbari Raas |url=https://assamtribune.com/entertainment/rajdweeps-play-birikhor-birina-wins-best-play-at-nalbari-raas-1450229 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=Rajdweep’s play ‘Birikhor Birina’ wins Best Play Award at the historic Nalbari Raas Festival 2022 {{!}} ASSAM TIMES POST |url=https://assamtimespost.in/?p=89971 |access-date=2022-11-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*Won the 'Best Popular Playwright of the Year' at Nebcus National Awards for the play 'Birikhor Birina'. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=Rajdweep’s play ‘Birikhor Birina’ wins Best Play Award at the historic Nalbari Raas Festival 2022 {{!}} ASSAM TIMES POST |url=https://assamtimespost.in/?p=89971 |access-date=2022-11-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gani |first=Abdul |date=2022-11-28 |title=Rajdweep's play 'Birikhor Birina' wins Best Play at Nalbari Raas |url=https://assamtribune.com/entertainment/rajdweeps-play-birikhor-birina-wins-best-play-at-nalbari-raas-1450229 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>
*Awarded Assam State Film Award (Dr. Nirmalprabha Bordoloi Memorial Award) for Best Lyricist for the song 'Jibon Khupi Khupi' from the film [[Pratighaat (2019 film)]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-10 |title=Renowned lyricist, screenwriter Rajdweep bags Best Lyricist Award at Assam State Film Awards {{!}} ASSAM TIMES POST |url=https://assamtimespost.in/?p=96724 |access-date=2023-03-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*Awarded with Best Music Director/Composer Award at Rengoni Music Awards 2023 for the title song of the play 'Brahmachari', sung by Zubeen Garg. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-24 |title=Rajdweep bags Best Music Director Award for at prestigious Rengoni Music Awards 2023 {{!}} ASSAM TIMES POST |url=https://assamtimespost.in/?p=114546 |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Works in Assamese language==

===As screenwriter===
====Films====
{| class="wikitable"
!Film
!Category
!Year
!Director
!Credit
|-
|''Khel-the Game''
|Feature Film
|2015
|Ashok Kumar Bishaya
|Story-Screenplay-Dialogue Writer
|-
|''Rum Vodka Whisky''
|Feature Film
|2017
|Prasanta Saikia
|Story-Screenplay-Dialogue Writer
|-
|''Grey''
|Short Film
|2017
|Jiny Mahalia
|Screenplay-Dialogue Writer
|-
|''Letters From Deuta''
|Short Film
|2017
|Arunjit Borah
|Dialogue Writer
|-
|''[[Pratighaat (2019 film)]]''
|Feature Film
|2019
|Achinta Shankar
|Screenplay-Dialogue Writer
|-
|[[Dr. Bezbaruah 2]] <ref>{{Cite web|last=Seta|first=Keyur|title=Sequel to 50-year-old Assamese classic Dr Bezbaruah is on the cards|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/sep/19/27138|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104050928/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/sep/19/27138|url-status=live|archive-date=November 4, 2020|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Cinestaan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Inside Chronicle Digital|date=2020-09-03|title='Dr Bezbarua 2' : Adil Hussain to Play Lead Role in Assamese Film Dr. Bezbarua Sequel|url=https://insidechronicle.com/entertainment/dr-bezbarua-2-adil-hussain-to-play-lead-role-in-assamese-film-dr-bezbarua-sequel/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Inside Chronicle|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509082840/https://insidechronicle.com/entertainment/dr-bezbarua-2-adil-hussain-to-play-lead-role-in-assamese-film-dr-bezbarua-sequel/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|Feature Film
|2020
|Nipon Goswami
|Story-Screenplay-Dialogue Writer
|-
|Midnight Song <ref>{{Cite web|title=Midnight Song (2021) - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9716562/|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.imdb.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mid Night Song (2021) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in guwahati - BookMyShow|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/guwahati/movies/mid-night-song/ET00305189|access-date=2021-06-08|website=in.bookmyshow.com}}</ref>
|Feature Film
|2021
|Arunjit Borah
|Dialogue Writer
|}

=== Music ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Song
!Album
|-
|2015
|''Akash Subo Khuju''
|Akash Subo Khuju
|-
|}

=== As a lyricist ===
====Films====
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Songs !! Composer!!Singer(s)!!Film Director
|-
|2014|| ''[[Rowd]]'' ||Pokhi Pokhi Mon Mur, Kinu Jadu Aji||Jatin Sharma||[[Papon (singer)|Papon]], Rupjyoti, Shreya Phukan||Gautam Baruah
|-
|2014|| ''[[Raag (film)]]'' ||Akou Ebaar, Tup Tup Xore Endhaar ||Avinash Baghel||Anindita Paul, Dikshu||[[Rajni Basumatary]]
|-
|2014|| ''Shinyor'' || Bixakto Suma ||[[Anurag Saikia]]||Neer Dipankar ||Kankan Rajkhowa
|-
|2015|| ''[[Ahetuk]]'' || Nonsense Hridoye ||Poran Borkotoky||[[Kalpana Patowary]]||Bani Das
|-
|2017|| ''Bahniman'' ||Matal Hol Ei Rati, Kola Kola Endhare, Bahnimaan Title Track||Jatin Sharma||[[Zubeen Garg]], [[Papon (singer)|Papon]], [[Kalpana Patowary]], [[Raaj J Konwar]]||[[Biswajeet Bora]]
|-
|2017|| ''Dur'' || Dhora diya, Likhi likhi, Dhora Diya female version||Siddharth- Rahul||Neer Deepankar, Siddhartha, Ritrisha, Rupjyoti||Kankan Rajkhowa
|-
|2017||''[[Local Kung Fu 2]]''||Khelimeli Mon||||[[Anisha Saikia]] ||[[Kenny Basumatary]]
|-
|2017||''Dooronir Nirola Poja''||Khuje Khuje Jibon, Xur Herabo Khuje||Tony-Utkarsh||[[Papon (singer)|Papon]]||Dhruva Bordoloi
|-
|2017||''Rum Vodka Whiskey''||Morumoy||Tridib Basumatary||Tridib Basumatary ||Prasant Saikia
|-
|2018||''Nijanor Gaan''|| Neelate Luka Bhaku, Dure Dure Tumi, Natun Ejaak, Osina Batot||Jatin Sharma||[[Zubeen Garg]], [[Mahalaxmi Iyer]], [[Nahid Afrin]], Rupjyoti Devi, Siddhartha, Afsana ||Munna Ahmed
|-
|2018||''Raktabeez'' ||Raktabeez Title Track||Palash Surya Gogoi||Joshua Queh||[[Biswajeet Bora]]
|-
|2018||''Raja Returns''||Tumi Mor||Poran Borkotoky||Rohit Sonar||Kishor Das
|-
|2018||''Suspended Inspector Boro''||The Dustbin Song || Utkarsh||||[[Kenny Basumatary]]
|-
|2019||''Kokaideu Bindass''|| Gun Gun||Manas Robin||Neel Akash||Dhruva Bordoloi
|-
|2019||''Rowd Hoi Aha Tumi''||Rowd Hoi Aha Tumi title, Neelaburot, Mukhaar Aarot||Poran Borkotoky||Papon, Zubeen Garg, Pompi Gogoi||Topon Bordoloi
|-
|2019||''[[Pratighaat (2019 film)]]''|| Bechera Ei Mon, Khupi Khupi|| Rahul Devnath, Poran Borkotoky||Papon, Ananya Dutta||Achinta Shankar
|-
|2020
|''Rhino Express''
|Shamiyana,
Jagi Jagi Thaka
|Rahul Devnath
|Papon, Sushmita, Dimpy Sonowal
|Moni Sinha
|-
|2022
|Dada Tumi Dusto Bor
|Sila Hoi
|Alaap Dudul
|Neel Akash
|Samir Buragohain
|}

====Albums====
====Assamese albums====
{| class="wikitable"
!Album!! Singer !! Composer
! Songs
|-
| Notun Puhor (2017) ||[[Papon (singer)|Papon]]||[[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
|Notun Puhor,
Bohu Baat
|-
|Maati (2014)||Zublee||Zublee
|Maah Karein
|-
|Mor Lorali (2015)||Dikshu Sarma
||Dikshu Sarma
|Ojut Tora
|-
|Maati 2 (2018) ||Zublee||Zublee
|Sankar Guru Aamare,
Ohori Hoiya,

Tauling Porota
|-
|Emuthi Habiyax||Pompi Gogoi||Bibhuti Gogoi
|Thakok Diya
|}

====Assamese TV series====
{| class="wikitable"
! Serial
!Year!! Songs !! Composer!!Singer(s)!!TV Channel
|-
| ''Sabda''
| ||Title Track||Poran Borkotoky||||[[Rang (TV channel)]]
|-
|''Enekoiye Bhagene Xopun''
| ||Title Track||Dikshu Sarma||||Jonack
|-
|''Hello Boss''
| ||Title Track||Poran Borkotoky||||Jonack
|-
|''Mayabini Ratir Kolat''
| ||Title Track||Papon||||Jonack
|-
|''Nixabda''
| ||Title Track||Aniruddha Barua||||[[Rang (TV channel)]]
|-
|Jibonor Collage
|2021
|Title Track
|Rajdweep
|Papon
|NKtv
|-
|City Lights
|2021
|Title Track
|Rajdweep
|Zubeen Garg
|NKtv
|-
|Aabir
|2022
|Title Track
|Rajdweep
|Simanta Sekhar
|NKtv
|-
|Bindas Colony
|2022
|Title Track
|Rajdweep
| Dr. Sudip Ranjan Medhi
|NKtv
|}

=== As playwright ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Play
!Theatre
!Remarks
|-
|2014
|''Akow Edin''
|Hengul Theatre
|Debut as a playwright. First Assamese Play on Amnesia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Hussain|date=2014-07-01|title=Akou Edin - Portrays Patient with Amnesia who Writes Diary to Remember Girlfriend|url=https://www.magicalassam.com/2014/07/akou-edin-portrays-patient-amnesia-writes-diary-remember-girlfriend.html|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Magical Assam|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|''Boliya Krishna''
|Hengul Theatre
|Known for breaking 30 years old record of Hengool Theatre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 23, 2018|first=Kaushik|last=Deka|title=Stage Craft {{!}} Young Leaders|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/anniversary-issue/story/20181231-stage-craft-young-leaders-1415590-2018-12-23|access-date=2020-10-16|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|''Juj''
|Hengul Theatre
|(as editor)
|-
|2016
|''Breaking News''
|[[Kohinoor Theatre]]
|First Assamese Play to use 3D Technology and based on Media & TRP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=3D to brighten Kohinoor glow|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/3d-to-brighten-kohinoor-glow/cid/1415060|access-date=2020-10-16|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|date=2016-08-19|title=3D technology to be used in mobile theatre in Assam for the first time - Sentinelassam|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/3d-technology-to-be-used-in-mobile-theatre-in-assam-for-the-first-time/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=www.sentinelassam.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''Bonoriya''
|Hengul Theatre
|First Music Direction by [[Papon (singer)|Papon]] in Mobile Theatre.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kalita|first=Kalyan Kumar|date=2016-04-24|title=Papon’s Music in Rajdweep’s Bonoriya|url=https://www.magicalassam.com/2016/04/papons-music-in-rajdweeps-bonoriya.html|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Magical Assam|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''Bekar Bahubali''
|Hengul Theatre
|
|-
|2016
|''Betal Police''
|Bhagyadevi Theatre
|First Music Direction by Dikshu in Mobile Theatre
|-
|2017
|''Best of Luck''
|[[Kohinoor Theatre]]
|
|-
|2017
|''Bindass''
|Chiranjiv Theatre
|
|-
|2017
|''Boliya Droupadi''
|Hengul Theatre
|
|-
|2018
|''Bandookor Kobita''
|Hengul Theatre
|
|-
|2018
|''Bauli Mur Priya''
|Rajmukut Theatre
|
|-
|2018
|''Beporuwa Prem''
|Kahinoor Theatre
|
|-
|2018
|''Barnali Barua Premot Porise''
|Chiranjeev Theatre
|
|-
|2018
|''Bapukon Zindabad''
|Sankardev Theatre
|
|-
|2018
|''Bonxomorjyada''
|Sankardev Theatre
|-
|2019
|''Bahadur''
|Hengul Theatre
|Won the 'Best Popular Playwright of the Year' award by All Assam Cultural Unity Union.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-31 |title=Assam: Rajdweep conferred with ‘Best Popular Playwright of the Year’ award for ‘Bahadur’ |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/assam-rajdweep-conferred-best-popular-playwright-year-award-bahadur-401139-2020-12-31 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=India Today NE |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''Birangana''
|Rajmukut Theatre
|
|-
|2019
|''Boroxa Jetiya Name''
|[[Kohinoor Theatre]]
|
|-
|2019
|''Baagh''
|Rajmukut Theatre
|
|-
|2019
|Bohag Jodi Naahe
|Sankardev Theatre
|
|-
|2021
|Bukur Majot Tumi
|Udayan Theatre
|
|-
|2022
|Birikhor Birina
|Rajmukut Theatre
|Won the 'Best Play' award at the historic Nalbari Raas Mahotsav 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gani |first=Abdul |date=2022-11-28 |title=Rajdweep's play 'Birikhor Birina' wins Best Play at Nalbari Raas |url=https://assamtribune.com/entertainment/rajdweeps-play-birikhor-birina-wins-best-play-at-nalbari-raas-1450229 |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Bokul Phulor Dore
|Rajmukut Theatre
|
|-
|2022
|Buddhadev
|Hengul Theatre
|
|-
|2022
|Bishnupriya
|Kohinoor Theatre
|
|-
|2022
|Bohag
|Brindaban Theatre
|
|-
|2023
|Brahmachari
|Rajmukut Theatre
|Rajdweep Won Best Music Director Award at Rengoni Music Award 2023 for this. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-24 |title=Rajdweep bags Best Music Director Award for at prestigious Rengoni Music Awards 2023 {{!}} ASSAM TIMES POST |url=https://assamtimespost.in/?p=114546 |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Bel
|Rajmukut Theatre
|
|-
|2023
|Bonroja
|Hengool Theatre
|The play was starring Ravi Sarma<ref>{{Citation |title=Making of Bonroja Trailer I Rajdweep I Ravi Sarma I Hengool Theatre 2023-24 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mun5gu73wLY |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Bidaaybela
|Brindaban Theatre
|The play was based on a struggle of a acid victim. <ref>{{Citation |title=Bidaaybela I Promo I Rajdweep I Brindaban Theatre 2023-24 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Pa0Spe0pcA |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Bidrohir Prempotro
|Theatre Bhagyadevi
|It was a love triangle. <ref>{{Citation |title=Jadi Tumi Huwa Mur I Bidrohir Prempotro I Dikshu I Rajdweep I Theatre Bhagyadevi 2023-24 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-eMqLfbBAs |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Benami Priya
|Abhinandan Theatre
|The play was based on two lookalike sisters. <ref>{{Citation |title=Benaami Priya - Trailer I Rajdweep I Rajkumar I Priyam Pallavi I Abhinandan Theatre 2023-24 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8jcn4wS84Y |access-date=2024-02-10 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Works in Bollywood and Hindi language==
===As lyricist===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Songs !! Composer!!Singer(s)!!Film Director
|-
|2016|| ''[[A Death in the Gunj]]'' ||Jiri Jiri Noi||Sagar Desai||Promila Pradhan|| [[Kankana Sen Sharma]]
|-
|2017||''[[Jagga Jasoos]]''||Bihu Song||[[Pritam]]||Neer Deepankar||[[Anurag Basu]]
|-
|2018||''[[III Smoking Barrels]]''||Uttorbihin||[[Papon (Assamese singer)|Papon]] ||[[Papon (Assamese singer)|Papon]]||Sanjib Dey
|}

==Works in Bengali language==
===As lyricist===

====Albums====
{| class="wikitable"
! Songs !! Singer !! Composer!!Album
|-
|Bhule Aamay ||Dikshu||Palash Surjya Gogoi||Bhule Aamay (2016)
|}

==Books & literary works by Rajdweep==
Rajdweep had written his book titled 'Guwahati Dot Com' in the year 2010. It was a compilation of his popular column with the same title, which was published in [[Asomiya Khabar]].

==Career in journalism==
Rajdweep had started his career in the popular newspaper in Assamese language. He worked there as senior sub-editor.

==External links==
* {{Official website|rajdweep.com}}
* {{IMDb name|7376968}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Narayanapuram, Parvathipuram Manyam district

2026-01-18T21:38:35Z

UlrikeWeber: Adding Basic Place V1!

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Narayanapuram
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Parvathipuram Manyam
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 515004<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiapincodes.net/Andhra-pradesh/Anantapur/A-narayanapuram/ | title=Pin Code of A-narayanapuram , Anantapur, Andhra-pradesh, India }}</ref>
| registration_plate = AP-35
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Bobbili
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Narayanapuram''' is a village and [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] in [[Balijipeta]] mandal of [[Parvathipuram Manyam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.

==History==
Sri Nilakanteswara Temple was constructed by a [[Kalingi|Kalinga]] king of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] in the tenth century.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3250071 Mary F. Linda:Narayanapuram-A Tenth Century Site in Kalinga]</ref> There are four temples in the complex on the west bank of River Suvarnamukhi.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Parvathipuram Manyam district]]

Ashitava Ghosal

2026-01-13T04:58:06Z

UlrikeWeber: cleanup page per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian mechanical engineer}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}

'''Ashitava Ghosal''' is a Professor in the department of mechanical engineering at [[Indian Institute of Science]]. He works in the area of [[Robotics]] and [[Control system|Control Systems]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashitava Ghosal {{!}} Mechanical|url=https://mecheng.iisc.ac.in/people/ashitava-ghosal/|access-date=2020-10-03|language=en-US}}</ref> He has completed his M.S. under the supervision of great kinematician G.N.Sandor. He has authored a book on Robotics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robotics|url=https://india.oup.com/product/robotics-9780195673913?|access-date=2020-10-03|website=india.oup.com}}</ref> He serves as the Associate Editor for the [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers|ASME]] Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashitava Ghosal Home page|url=https://mecheng.iisc.ac.in/~asitava/|access-date=2020-10-03|website=mecheng.iisc.ac.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Google Scholar id | id=Q56AG0IAAAAJ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosal, Ashitava}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:Mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-engineer-stub}}
{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

2021 South India floods

2026-01-06T01:40:43Z

UlrikeWeber: starting a data

{{Short description|2021 Indian floods}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}

{{Infobox event
| partof = the [[2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
| name = 2021 South India floods
| image =
| caption =
| date = 6 – 12 November 2021 ({{age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=11|day1=6|year1=2021}})
| reported property damage = Unknown
| fatalities = 41 total (16 in [[India]]; 25 in [[Sri Lanka]])
| location = India ([[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]) Sri Lanka
| also_known_as = 2021 Tamil Nadu floods, India-Sri Lanka floods, Chennai floods
| type = [[Flood]]
| cause = Depression BOB 05 and a low pressure system associated with the [[Northeast monsoon]]
}}

The '''2021 South India floods''' are a series of floods associated with '''Depression BOB 05''' and a low pressure system that caused widespread disruption across the Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], and the nearby [[Sri Lanka]]. The rainfall started on 1 November in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 November 2021|title=Rain batters Tamil Nadu; 14 deaths in 11 days|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-rains-death-weather-forecast-7618980/|url-status=live|access-date=12 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111235012/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-rains-death-weather-forecast-7618980/}}</ref> The flooding was caused by extremely heavy downpours from BOB 05, killing at least 41 people<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|agency=[[Reuters]]|title=At least 41 killed as heavy rains hit southern India and Sri Lanka|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/10/asia/sri-lanka-india-rain-deaths-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-11-12|website=CNN|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112104755/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/10/asia/sri-lanka-india-rain-deaths-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> across India and [[Sri Lanka]].

== Weather systems ==
{{storm path|BOB05 2021 track.png}}
On 6 November, the IMD noted the formation of a cyclonic circulation over southeastern Bay of Bengal near [[Sumatra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_20fb48_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2006.11.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 06:00 UTC of 06.11.2021 based on 03:00 UTC of 06.11.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=6 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108121500/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_20fb48_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2006.11.2021.pdf|archive-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> Two days later at 13:30 UTC (19:00 IST), the JTWC started tracking the same system as ''Invest 91B''.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=8 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|type=|title=Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean Reissued|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-11-08-1340-abioweb.txt}}</ref> On 9 November, under the influence of the cyclonic circulation, a low-pressure area formed over the same area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c54df7_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2009.11.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 06:00 UTC of 09.11.2021 based on 03:00 UTC of 09.11.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=9 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109225305/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c54df7_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2009.11.2021.pdf|archive-date=9 November 2021}}</ref> On the next day, it was upgraded to a well-marked low pressure area after the IMD noted the formation of a defined [[vortex]] in association with the system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c7391e_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2010.11.2021.pdf|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 06:00 UTC of 10.11.2021 based on 03:00 UTC of 10.11.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=10 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111030207/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c7391e_Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200300%20UTC%20of%2010.11.2021.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_731b38_satbltn.pdf|title=Satellite Bulletin Based on INSAT 3D Imagery of 091630 UTC|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=10 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109225237/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/22/22_731b38_satbltn.pdf|archive-date=9 November 2021}}</ref> At 15:00 UTC (21:30 IST), the IMD further upgraded it to a depression as its convective structure had improved significantly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_5f8ee8_1.Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%2010.11.2021.pdf|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 15:00 UTC of 10.11.2021 based on 12:00 UTC of 10.11.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|author=R.K Jenamani|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=10 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111025712/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_5f8ee8_1.Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%2010.11.2021.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> By 19:30 UTC (01:00 IST), the JTWC issued a TCFA for system.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=10 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|type=tcfa|designation=91B|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-11-10-1940-io9121web.txt}}</ref> At 09:00 UTC of 11 November, the JTWC declared it as a tropical cyclone and designated as ''04B''. According to the JTWC, this system had slightly higher wind speeds, since it peaked as a tropical storm with winds of {{Convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="JTWC 01"/> However, the system could not further intensify, due to land interaction as well as high wind shear produced by an upper tropospheric ridge.<ref name="JTWC 01">{{cite JTWC|date=11 November 2021|type=prog|category=TC|designation=04B|name=Four|no=1|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-11-11-0820-io0421prog.txt}}</ref><ref name="BOB 05">{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_5f8ee8_1.Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%2010.11.2021.pdf|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 15:00 UTC of 10.11.2021 based on 12:00 UTC of 10.11.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|author=R.K Jenamani|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=10 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111025712/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_5f8ee8_1.Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%2010.11.2021.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> Between 12:00 and 13:00 UTC (17:30 and 18:30 IST), the system made landfall very close to [[Chennai]] at the same intensity,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_d824bb_6.%20Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%2011.11.2021.pdf|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 15:00 UTC of 11.11.2021 based on 12:00 UTC of 11.11.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|author=Sunitha Devi S|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=11 November 2021|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112032411/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_d824bb_6.%20Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%201200%20UTC%20of%2011.11.2021.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> and by 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) the next day the system weakened into a well-marked low pressure area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_059b40_8.%20Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%2012.11.2021.pdf|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued at 02:30 UTC of 12.11.2021 based on 00:00 UTC of 12.11.2021|website=rsmcnewdelhi.gov.in|author=Shashi Kant|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|location=New Delhi, India|date=12 November 2021|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112032343/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_059b40_8.%20Special%20Tropical%20Weather%20Outlook%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%2012.11.2021.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> The JTWC issued its final advisory at 15:00 UTC of 11 November as it moved further inland into [[Tamilnadu|Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=11 November 2021|access-date=12 November 2021|type=warn|category=TC|designation=04B|name=Four|no=2-FINAL|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-11-11-1350-io0421web.txt}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Effects ==
[[File:View from an Indian Navy Westland Seaking helicopter during Rescue and Relief Operations in flood-affected areas in Kadapa District; 2021.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of flooding in [[Tirupati district]], Andhra Pradesh on 19 November.]]

=== India ===
Several red alerts were issued for several areas in India, including [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]], [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]], [[Karaikal district|Karaikal]], [[Tiruvallur]], Chennai, [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]], [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]], [[Viluppuram district|Viluppuram]], and [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]] for 10 to 11 November.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=jaymi-mccann|date=2021-11-10|title=Where flooding has hit India and latest weather forecast after record rains|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/world/chennai-floods-map-weather-forecast-flooding-india-record-rains-latest-1293377|access-date=2021-11-12|website=inews.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112173022/https://inews.co.uk/news/world/chennai-floods-map-weather-forecast-flooding-india-record-rains-latest-1293377|url-status=live}}</ref> Over 11,000 were displaced in India due to BOB 05's rainfall impact.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India – Over 11,000 Displaced by Tamil Nadu Floods – FloodList|url=https://floodlist.com/asia/india-over-11000-displaced-by-tamil-nadu-floods|access-date=2021-11-12|website=floodlist.com|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112185934/https://floodlist.com/asia/india-over-11000-displaced-by-tamil-nadu-floods|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Kerala ===
Although the cyclone didn't move across towards Kerala, it has brought heavy rainfall and delayed the withdrawal of the Northeast monsoon in the northern part of the state. Orange alert was issued in the northern districts of the state from November 12 to November 16.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=N. Vinoth|date=2019-06-26|title=Who is encroaching on Chennai lakes? Government buildings, say experts|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/who-is-encroaching-on-chennai-lakes-government-buildings-say-experts/|access-date=2021-11-13|website=The Federal|language=en-US|archive-date=13 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113021005/https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/who-is-encroaching-on-chennai-lakes-government-buildings-say-experts/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Tamil Nadu ====
The state had its first bout of severe rainfall on 6 November, which the IMD attributed to a cyclonic circulation in the Bay of Bengal. This system would eventually strengthen into BOB 05. A meteorological station at the time recorded the maximum quantity of rain for the day, 23 centimetres (230 mm; 9.1 in). Rainfall totaled 21 centimetres (210 mm; 8.3 in) at both [[Nungambakkam]] and [[Ambattur]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|date=8 November 2021|title=Chennai may get heavy rain for 2 more days|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/chennai-may-get-heavy-rain-for-2-more-days/article37374575.ece|access-date=11 November 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111074444/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/chennai-may-get-heavy-rain-for-2-more-days/article37374575.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 November, the former would reach its maximum total amount of 21.5 centimetres (215 mm; 8.5 in).Due to the floods, which were extended from 8–9 November, the state issued a school holiday. By 7 November, three people had died as a result of the disaster, and two more had gone missing. Flooding also caused traffic disruptions over [[Chennai]], and flood warnings were issued for Vellore as the Mordhana river overflowed. Due to the continuing rains, a major reservoir in the state was also expected to reach its maximum capacity. On that day, 650 families in a residential area were also rescued. Meanwhile, relief and cleanup efforts for the state's displaced citizens have begun.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=8 November 2021|title=Tamil Nadu rains {{!}} November 8, 2021|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rains-live-updates-november-8-2021/article37375669.ece|access-date=11 November 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111074443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rains-live-updates-november-8-2021/article37375669.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:2021 CIMSS 04B Four visible infrared satellite loop.gif|thumb|right|Depression BOB 05 making Landfall in [[Tamil Nadu]]]]
By 9 November, five people had died. Residents in north Chennai had to deal with knee-deep flooding, and some had already resorted to swimming pools and other available options to avoid getting wet. Central Chennai was the hardest hit in the city, as two canals and one river overflowed in the area, causing major flooding. Many people there lost their homes, and snakes were said to have been present in their homes. Flood warnings were in effect in the impacted areas, as residents expressed concern about cows wading through floodwaters throughout the storm. In addition, due to the continuing rain, Chennai has been placed on red alert. Reservoirs continued to pour water, and the Tamil Nadu Revenue and Disaster Management Minister announced that 538 huts and four houses had been damaged. School activities have also been canceled by the state administration until 9 November.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=9 November 2021|title=Tamil Nadu rain updates {{!}} November 9, 2021|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rain-updates-november-9-2021/article37389969.ece|access-date=12 November 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112060317/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rain-updates-november-9-2021/article37389969.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Due to the ongoing rain, seven more people have been added to the death toll, bringing the total to 12 on 10 November. In the [[Tiruchirappalli district]], almost {{Convert|200|acre|ha}} 200 acres (81 hectares) of rice fields were damaged and swamped by floodwaters, while road closures and traffic detours remained in Chennai. In addition to the metropolis, the IMD has issued a red alert for [[Viluppuram]] and [[Cuddalore]], as heavy rain is expected to persist. A toddler was killed by a wall collapse in [[Thanjavur district]], while an elderly woman perished from electrocution in Tiruchirapalli. As a result, the state's death toll has risen to 14. Flights across Chennai were also suspended or diverted to other airports.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=10 November 2021|title=Tamil Nadu rain updates {{!}} November 10, 2021|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rain-updates-november-10-2021/article37410621.ece|access-date=12 November 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112060317/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rain-updates-november-10-2021/article37410621.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:BOB 05 2021-11-11 0830Z.jpg |thumb|Depression BOB 05 at its peak intensity on 11 November 2021.]]
On 11 November, the human death toll from the event remained at 16, with 157 cattle fatalities. The state police also rescued and considered dead an unconscious guy; nevertheless, he survived when he was taken to the hospital. In Chennai, around 444 residential areas were also flooded. Flood warnings were issued for the affected areas, particularly for those who live near the [[Arani River]]. BOB 05 dumped the most rain in the state, with 23 centimetres (230 mm; 9.1 in) falling in [[Tambaram]] and [[Chengalpattu]] on that day. The [[National Disaster Response Force]] teams also came in the former and Cuddalore to stabilize and aid the area's administrations for probable assistance, while southern Chennai lost power due to heavy rains on that day. As a precaution, railway services were suspended, and operations at the [[Madras High Court]] were restricted to skeletal forces. Reservoirs across the state are also seeing an uptick in water levels. In Tamil Nadu, relief operations were also deployed, and the state government formed a committee to examine the amount of crop damage as a result of the rains.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=11 November 2021|title=Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh rain updates {{!}} November 11, 2021|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rain-updates-november-11-2021/article37431555.ece|access-date=12 November 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111170859/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-rain-updates-november-11-2021/article37431555.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=At least 41 killed as heavy rains hit southern India and Sri Lanka|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/10/asia/sri-lanka-india-rain-deaths-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=12 November 2021|website=CNN|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112104755/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/10/asia/sri-lanka-india-rain-deaths-intl-hnk/index.html}}</ref>

Areas in the state capital, [[Chennai]], were waterlogged and government officials had to use pumps to drain communities who were stranded in waist-deep waters.<ref name=":1" /> The storm brought the highest single day rainfall total since [[2015 South India floods|2015]], when it received over 49.4 centimeters (494 mm; 19.4 in) on 1 December. On 11 November 2021, Chennai received 21 centimeters (210 mm; 8.2 in) of rain.<ref name=":2" />

==== Andhra Pradesh ====
Authorities in Andhra Pradesh had to rescue stranded inhabitants in Kosasthalaiyar due to floods caused to the depression. Due to the same cause, a village was cut off from the main highways. Control centers were also established for districts around the state that could suffer excessive rainfall as a result of the system. Rainfall totaled {{Convert|18|mm|in}} at [[Sullurpeta|Sullurpeta, Nellore]], and 14 centimetres (140 mm; 5.5 in) in [[Tada, Nellore district|Tada]]. At 21.6 centimetres (216 mm; 8.5 in), [[Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh|Chittoor]] received the most from the system. Due to the inclement weather, school activities were also canceled. National Disaster Response Force teams were also assigned to [[Nellore]] and Chitoor in the event of a rescue mission. The storm was said to have caused damage to the Tada-Srikalahasti route, leaving motorists stuck. Irrigation tanks were also breached. Wind warnings were issued for ports around the country, and fishermen were urged not to travel into the impacted area of the Bay of Bengal between 11 and 12 November. Several trees were also destroyed, and there was a minor landslide.<ref name=":0" />
{{clr}}

=== Sri Lanka ===
Landslides injured five in the country, with flooding killing 25 people in the country.<ref name=":1" />

{{clr}}

== See also ==
{{portal|India|Weather}}
* [[Weather of 2021]]
* [[Tropical cyclones in 2021]]
* [[2017 Bangladesh landslides]]
* [[2015 South India floods]]
* [[2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline|2021 South India floods}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211111081009/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc2021/IO/IO042021/txt/trackfile.txt JTWC Best Track Data of Tropical Cyclone 04B (Four)]

{{2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season buttons}}
{{Disasters in India in 2021}}
{{Natural disasters in India}}
{{Natural disasters in Sri Lanka}}{{2021 floods}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:South India floods, 2021}}
[[Category:2021 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2021 in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Meteorological events in 2021]]
[[Category:2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
[[Category:2021 floods in Asia]]
[[Category:2020s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2020s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Disasters in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Disasters in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Floods in India]]
[[Category:Floods in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:November 2021 in Asia]]
[[Category:November 2021 in India]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]

2021 Indian Super League Final

2026-01-04T20:28:25Z

UlrikeWeber: General improvements and edits

#REDIRECT [[2021 Indian Super League final]]

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Dravyasamgraha

2025-11-03T22:43:23Z

UlrikeWeber: done

{{Short description|Jain text by Nemichandra}}
{{Italic title}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox religious text
| subheader = द्रव्यसंग्रह
| image = Dravyasaṃgraha.jpg
| alt = Dravyasamgraha
| caption = Cover page of one of the English translation of Dravyasaṃgraha
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| author = [[Nemicandra]]
| language = [[Prakrit]]
| period = 10th Century
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}''''' (Devnagari: द्रव्यसंग्रह) (Compendium of substances) is a 10th-century [[Jain text]] in Jain Sauraseni [[Prakrit]] by Acharya [[Nemicandra]] belonging to the [[Digambara]] [[Jain]] tradition. It is a composition of 58 ''[[Gatha (India)|gatha]]s'' (verses) giving an exposition of the six ''[[Dravya (Jainism)|dravyas]]'' (substances) that characterize the Jain view of the world: sentient ''([[Jiva|jīva]])'', non-sentient ''([[pudgala]])'', principle of motion ''([[Dharma (Jainism)|dharma]])'', principle of rest ''(adharma)'', space ''(ākāśa)'' and time ''([[Kāla (time)|kāla]])''.<ref name=balbir1>Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 1 of Introduction</ref> It is one of the most important Jain works and has gained widespread popularity. ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' has played an important role in Jain education and is often memorized because of its comprehensiveness as well as brevity.<ref name="balbir1"/>

==Author==
{{Main|Nemichandra}}

10th century [[Acharya (Jainism)|Jain Acarya]], [[Nemichandra|Nemicandra Siddhānta Cakravartin]] is regarded as the author of ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}''. He was the teacher of [[Chavundaraya|Camundaraya]]—the general of the [[Western Ganga Dynasty]] of [[Karnataka]]. Nemicandra was a prolific author and a specialist in summarizing and giving lucidly the essence of teachings in various fields; ''{{IAST|saṃgrahas}}'' (compendium) and ''sāras'' (essence) were his specialty. He also wrote ''Trilokasāra'' (essence of cosmology), ''Labdhisāra'' (essence of attainments), ''{{IAST|Kṣapaṇasāra}}'' (essence on destruction of karmas), and ''{{IAST|Gommaṭasāra}}'' (essence of Gommata, a treatise on soul and Karma).<ref name="balbir1"/> Although not much is known about him from his own works, at the end of the ''Trilokasāra'' and of the ''{{IAST|Gommaṭasāra}}'', he introduces himself as a pupil of Abhayanandi, Vīranandi, Indranandi and Kanakanandi. He is said to have inspired Camundaraya to build the famous [[Bahubali|Bāhubali]] statue at [[Shravanabelagola]]. ''Vahuvali Charitra'' (a Jain work based on collection of traditions) notes that Nemicandra belonged to the monastic order of Desiya gana. After establishing the statue of Bāhubali, Camundaraya offered villages yielding a revenue of 96,000 gold coins to Nemicandra for daily worship of and festivals for Gommatesvara (Lord Bāhubali).<ref>Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) pg. xxxviii of introduction</ref>

==Influence==
[[File:Dravyasamgraha Front.jpg|thumb|English translation by [[Nalini Balbir]]]]
''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' has played an important role in Jain education and is often memorized because of its comprehensiveness and brevity.<ref name="balbir1"/> The composition of ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' is influenced from the earlier Jain works such as [[Umasvati|Umāsvāti's]] ''[[Tattvarthasutra|Tattvārthasūtra]]'' and [[Kundakunda]]'s ''[[Pancastikayasara|Pañcāstikāyasara]]'' because these works are based on the same topics as the ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}''.<ref name=balbir2>Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 2 of Introduction</ref>

==Contents and overview==
According to [[Nalini Balbir]], the ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' is largely a work of definitions of concepts with mnemonic perspective. In its 58 verses, the author makes skillful use of ''[[Arya meter|āryā metre]]''.<ref name="balbir2"/> Nemicandra's presentation is often articulated around the opposition between the conventional and the absolute points of view (''vyavahāra'' and ''niścaya-naya''), or around the contrast between the material and the spiritual angles (''dravya'' and ''bhāva''). Sarat Chandra Ghoshal, the translator of ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'', divides the entire text in three convenient parts—the first part deals with six [[Dravya (Jainism)|dravyas]] (verses 1–27), the second with seven [[Tattva (Jainism)|tattvas]] (verses 28–39) and the third part describes the way to attain liberation (verses 40–57).<ref name=xlv>Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) pg. xlv of introduction</ref>

===The six dravyas===
{{Main|Dravya (Jainism)}}
In tine opening verse, along with the usual ''mangalacharana'' (eulogy), it is mentioned that [[Dravya (Jainism)|dravya]] consists of ''[[jiva]]'' and ''[[ajiva]]''. In the second verse [[Jiva]] is defined:<ref>Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 4</ref>{{quote|The sentient substance (soul) is characterized by the function of understanding, is incorporeal, performs [[Karma in Jainism|actions]] (doer), is co-extensive with its own body. It is the enjoyer (of its actions), located in the world of rebirth ([[Samsara (Jainism)|samsara]]) (or) emancipated '' ([[Moksa (Jainism)|moksa]]) '' (and) has the intrinsic movement upwards.| Dravyasamgraha—2}}
The various characteristics of Jiva mentioned in the definition are taken up one by one in verses 3–14. ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' classifies the embodied souls on the basis of the number of senses possessed by it: from one to five senses.<ref>Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) p.31-32</ref> After this detailed description of Jivas the author proceeds to describe [[Ajiva]]s—''[[Pudgala]], [[Dharma (Jainism)|Dharma]], adharma, Akasa'' and ''Kala,'' each of which is defined in verses 16–22.
Among these, as per verse 23, the ''Jiva, pudgala, dharma, adharma,'' and ''akasa'' are called ''astikayas'', the extensibles or conglomerates.<ref name="xlv"/>

===Tattvas===
{{Main|Tattva (Jainism)}}
The second part deals with the seven tattvas (fundamental principles or verities): jīva (soul), ajīva (non soul), [[āsrava]] (karmic inflow), [[Bandha (Jainism)|bandha]] (bondage of karmas), [[saṃvara]] (stoppage of karmas), [[nirjara|nirjarā]] (shedding of karmas) and [[mokṣa]] (emancipation or liberation). Together with puṇya (merit or beneficial karma) and pāpa (demerit or harmful karma) they form nine ''[[padārtha]]''. Some call all nine as ''navatattava'' or nine ''tattvas''.<ref name="xlv"/>

=== Moksa ===
{{Main|Moksa (Jainism)}}
The third part of ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' begins with verse 39 describing the means to attain liberation from conventional and real point of views. The three jewels of Jainism also known as ''[[Ratnatraya]]''—[[Samyak darshan|Samyak darśana]] (rational perception), samyak jñāna (rational knowledge) and samyak cāritra (rational conduct)—which are essential in achieving liberation—are defined<ref>Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) p. 101</ref><ref>Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 20</ref> and the importance of ''[[Jain meditation|dhyāna]]'' (meditation) is emphasized. On meditation, Nemicandra says:<ref>Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 22</ref>
{{quote|Do not be deluded, do not be attached, do not feel aversion for things which are (respectively) dear or not dear (to you), if you desire a steady mind for the attainment of extraordinary meditation.| Dravyasamgraha—48}}
{{quote|Do not act, do not talk, do not think at all, so that the soul is steady and is content in the self. This indeed is supreme meditation.|Dravyasaṃgraha (56)}}

== Pañca-Parameṣṭhi ==
{{Main|Pañca-Parameṣṭhi}}
[[File:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi.JPG|thumb|Obeisance to Pañca-Parameṣṭhi (five supreme beings)]]
Verses 49 to 54 of the Dravyasaṃgraha, succinctly characterizes the five Supreme Beings (''Pañca-Parameṣṭhi'') and their characteristics.<ref>Nemicandra; Brahmadeva, & Ghoshal, Sarat Chandra (1989) pg. xlv- xlvi of introduction</ref>{{sfn|Jain|2013|p=177-196}}

{{quote|Having destroyed the four inimical varieties of karmas (ghātiyā karmas), possessed of infinite faith, happiness, knowledge and power, and housed in most auspicious body (paramaudārika śarīra), that pure soul of the World Teacher (Arhat) should be meditated on.|''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' (50){{sfn|Jain|2013|p=177}}}}

==Commentaries==
One of the most popular commentaries of ''{{IAST|Dravyasaṃgraha}}'' is that by Brahmadeva from around the 14th century. Other commentaries on the work include:<ref>
{{cite encyclopedia
| last =Potter
| first =Prof. Karl
| title =Bibliography of Indian Philosophies: 10th to 14th centuries and 15th century – present (Texts whose authors can be dated)
| encyclopedia =The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies
| publisher =University of Washington
| url =http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/ckeyt/home.htm
| access-date =2010-01-14
}}
</ref>
*Balacandra (1142) – Tika on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha
*Mallisena (1292) – Commentary on Nemicandra Siddhantin's Dravyasamgraha
*Brahmadeva (1300) – Vrtti on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha
*Hamsaraja (1750) – Commentary on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha.
*Ramacandra – Commentary on Nemicandra's Dravyasamgraha.
{{wikisource|Dravyasamgraha}}

==See also==
*[[Jain Agamas (Śvētāmbara)|Jain Agamas]]
*[[Jainism]]
*[[List of Jain texts]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9CJ3jZpcqYC|title=Ācārya Nemichandra's Dravyasaṃgraha|isbn=9788190363952|last1=Jain|first1=Vijay K.|year=2013|publisher=Vikalp Printers}}
*{{Cite book|last=Jain|first=Vijay K.|title=Ācārya (Muni) Nemicandra's Dravyasaṃgraha – With Authentic Explanatory Notes आचार्य (मुनि) नेमिचन्द्र विरचित द्रव्यसंग्रह - प्रामाणिक व्याख्या सहित|publisher=Vikalp Printers|publication-place=Dehradun|date=2022|isbn=978-93-5737-427-9}}
*{{citation | author1=Acarya Nemicandra | author2 =Brahmadeva|editor-last=Ghoshal|editor-first=Sarat Chandra |title=Dravya-saṃgraha of Nemichandra Siddhānta-Chakravarttī |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ |year=1989 |location=Delhi |version=(in English, Prakrit, and Sanskrit) |isbn=81-208-0634-4 }}
*{{citation | last =Nemicandra |author2=Nalini Balbir | title =Dravyasamgrha: Exposition of the Six Substances | publisher =[[Hindi Granth Karyalay]] | year =2010 | location =Mumbai | version = (in Prakrit and English) Pandit Nathuram Premi Research Series (vol-19) | isbn =978-81-88769-30-8 }}
* {{citation |title=श्रीमद् नेमिचन्द्र सिद्धान्तदेव जी विरचित: "श्री द्रव्यसंग्रह जी"|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.756350627742587.1073741832.691911040853213&type=3|publisher=Aadhyatmik Prayogshala}}

{{Jain Agamas}}
{{Jainism Topics}}

[[Category:Prakrit Jain texts]]
[[Category:10th-century literature]]
[[Category:Jainism in Karnataka]]

Anwar Jalalpuri

2025-10-16T17:10:06Z

UlrikeWeber: rework lead per sources for consistency

{{short description|Indian poet and translator (1947-2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anwar Jalalpuri
| image = Anwar-Jalalpuri123.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = Anwar Ahmad
| birth_date = {{birth date text|6 July 1947}}
| birth_place = [[Jalalpur]], [[United Provinces (1937-50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|2 January 2018|6 July 1947}}
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| other_names = Anwar Ahmad
| spouse = Aalima Khatoon
| children = 4
| alma_mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
| occupation = Poet
| years_active =
| known_for = Having translated the [[Bhagavad Gita]] from [[Sanskrit]] to [[Urdu]]
| awards = [[Yash Bharti Award]] (2016) [[Padma Shri]] (2018)
}}
'''Anwar Jalalpuri''' (6 July 1947 – 2 January 2018) was an Indian Urdu poet from [[Jalalpur, Uttar Pradesh]], known for translating the [[Bhagavad Gita]] from [[Sanskrit]] to [[Urdu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jalil|first=Rakhshanda|title=They don't make poets, translators and performers like Anwar Jalalpuri (1947-2018) anymore|url=https://scroll.in/article/863696/they-dont-make-poets-translators-and-performers-like-anwar-jalalpuri-1947-2018-anymore|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Scroll.in|date=4 January 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Initially educated in Azamgarh, he studied at [[Aligarh Muslim University]].

He received the [[Padma Shri]] posthumously from the [[President of India]], and the [[Yash Bharti Award]] from the government of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/anwar-jalalpuri-conferred-with-padma-shri-118012600417_1.html|title=Anwar Jalalpuri conferred with Padma Shri|last=ANI|date=2018-01-26|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/television/urdu-shayar-anwar-jalalpuri-passes-away-at-70-1794703|title=नहीं रहे मशहूर शायर अनवर जलालपुरी, गीता का उर्दू में किया था अनुवाद|website=NDTVIndia|language=hi|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> He also got Maati Ratan Samman by Shaheed Shodha Sansthan.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-literature-in-shock-from-the-news-of-anwar-jalalpuris-wait-1727017.html| website=Live Hindustan|language=hi| title=अनवर जलालपुरी के इंतकाल की खबर से सदमे में साहित्य जगत| access-date=23 August 2020 }}</ref>

He died from a brain stroke on 2 January 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/poet-anwar-jalalpuri-who-translated-gita-into-urdu-dies-of-stroke-at-70/story-V2NQb5VGkZSgSmbpWoTveO.html|title=Poet Anwar Jalalpuri, who translated Gita into Urdu, dies of stroke at 70|date=2018-01-02|newspaper=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalalpuri, Anwar}}
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ambedkar Nagar district]]
[[Category:People from Ayodhya district]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

{{India-poet-stub}}

1989 elections in India

2025-10-14T14:29:48Z

UlrikeWeber: slightly adjusted page for clarity also and added references for consistency

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian elections
| year = 1989
| type =
| incumbent_pm = [[V. P. Singh]] ([[National Front (India)|NF]])
| next_lok_sabha = [[13th Lok Sabha|14th]]
| rajya_control = [[Janata Dal]]
| rajya_seats_contested = TBD
| rajya_net_change = TBD
| rajya_map =
| rajya_map_caption =
| lok_control =
| lok_seats_contested = 543
| lok_net_change =
| lok_map =
| lok_map_caption =
| states_contested = 8
| state_net_change = TBD
| state_map =
| state_map_caption =
| website =
}}
{{Politics of India}}

'''Elections in the Republic of India''' in ''1989'' included the [[1989 Indian general election]], elections to eight state legislative assemblies and to seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]].

==General election==
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1989.svg|350px]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=118894702|seats1=197|sc1=
|party2=[[Janata Dal]]|votes2=53518521|seats2=143|sc2=
|party3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes3=34171477|seats3=85|sc3=
|party4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes4=19691309|seats4=33|sc4=
|party5=[[Telugu Desam Party]]|votes5=9909728|seats5=2|sc5=
|party6=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes6=7734697|seats6=12|sc6=
|party7=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes7=7196099|seats7=0|sc7=
|party8=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes8=6213390|seats8=3|sc8=
|party9=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes9=4518649|seats9=11|sc9=
|party10=[[Janata Party]]|votes10=3029743|seats10=0|sc10=
|party11=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]|votes11=2318872|seats11=6|sc11=
|party12=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes12=1854276|seats12=4|sc12=
|party13=[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]|votes13=1561371|seats13=0|sc13=
|party14=[[Doordarshi Party]]|votes14=1338566|seats14=0|sc14=
|party15=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes15=1261310|seats15=3|sc15=
|party16=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes16=1032276|seats16=3|sc16=
|party17=[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha]]|votes17=978377|seats17=1|sc17=
|party18=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes18=974234|seats18=2|sc18=
|party19=[[Indian People's Front]]|votes19=737551|seats19=1|sc19=
|party20=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes20=636589|seats20=0|sc20=
|party21=[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|votes21=617376|seats21=1|sc21=
|party22=Lok Dal (Bahuguna)|votes22=602110|seats22=0|sc22=
|party23=Bharatiya Republican Paksha|votes23=572434|seats23=0|sc23=
|party24=Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha|votes24=495565|seats24=0|sc24=
|party25=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes25=468615|seats25=0|sc25=
|party26=[[Gorkha National Liberation Front]]|votes26=435070|seats26=1|sc26=
|party27=Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal)|votes27=427609|seats27=0|sc27=
|party28=Jharkhand Dal|votes28=367838|seats28=0|sc28=
|party29=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes29=352191|seats29=1|sc29=
|party30=[[Shiv Sena]]|votes30=339426|seats30=1|sc30=
|party31=[[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]]|votes31=247013|seats31=1|sc31=
|party32=[[Naga People's Front|Nagaland People's Council]]|votes32=239124|seats32=0|sc32=
|party33=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes33=217514|seats33=1|sc33=
|party34=[[Manipur Peoples Party]]|votes34=147128|seats34=0|sc34=
|party35=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes35=129300|seats35=0|sc35=
|party36=Humanist Party of India|votes36=122947|seats36=0|sc36=
|party37=All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh|votes37=120159|seats37=0|sc37=
|party38=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes38=116392|seats38=1|sc38=
|party39=Kuki National Assembly|votes39=108085|seats39=0|sc39=
|party40=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes40=100570|seats40=0|sc40=
|party41=[[Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)]]|votes41=100300|seats41=0|sc41=
|party42=[[People's Party of Arunachal]]|votes42=96181|seats42=0|sc42=
|party43=Uttar Pradesh Republican Party|votes43=91740|seats43=0|sc43=
|party44=[[Sikkim Sangram Parishad]]|votes44=91608|seats44=1|sc44=
|party45=[[Amra Bangali]]|votes45=80834|seats45=0|sc45=
|party46=[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]|votes46=71194|seats46=3|sc46=
|party47=[[Mizo National Front]]|votes47=70749|seats47=0|sc47=
|party48=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes48=68811|seats48=0|sc48=
|party49=Tharasu Makkal Mandaram|votes49=64885|seats49=0|sc49=
|party50=Democratic Party|votes50=43667|seats50=0|sc50=
|party51=Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes51=42282|seats51=0|sc51=
|party52=[[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]]|votes52=39465|seats52=0|sc52=
|party53=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]]|votes53=38937|seats53=0|sc53=
|party54=[[All India Muslim Majlis (Dr. Faridi)|Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh]]|votes54=25839|seats54=0|sc54=
|party55=Proutist Bloc Of India|votes55=23331|seats55=0|sc55=
|party56=Jammu & Kashmir Panthers Party|votes56=22625|seats56=0|sc56=
|party57=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes57=22446|seats57=0|sc57=
|party58=Karnataka Gana Parishad|votes58=19593|seats58=0|sc58=
|party59=Socialist Party (Lohiya)|votes59=17639|seats59=0|sc59=
|party60=Tamiliar Kazhagam|votes60=12859|seats60=0|sc60=
|party61=[[Rising Sun Party]]|votes61=12858|seats61=0|sc61=
|party62=[[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)|Indian Congress (J) Trikha Group]]|votes62=12539|seats62=0|sc62=
|party63=[[Socialist Party (India)|Socialist Party]]|votes63=12430|seats63=0|sc63=
|party64=[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|Socialist Unity Centre of India]]|votes64=8747|seats64=0|sc64=
|party65=All India Garib Congress|votes65=7635|seats65=0|sc65=
|party66=[[Hul Jharkhand Party]]|votes66=6663|seats66=0|sc66=
|party67=Bhatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh|votes67=5895|seats67=0|sc67=
|party68=Lok Party|votes68=4731|seats68=0|sc68=
|party69=[[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League|Akhil Bhartiya Gorkha League (Budhiman Gurung)]]|votes69=4426|seats69=0|sc69=
|party70=Shoshit Samaj Party|votes70=3756|seats70=0|sc70=
|party71=Scientific Vedic Revolutionary Party|votes71=3470|seats71=0|sc71=
|party72=Deseeya Karshaka Party|votes72=3059|seats72=0|sc72=
|party73=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes73=2998|seats73=0|sc73=
|party74=Barat Desam Labour Party|votes74=2944|seats74=0|sc74=
|party75=Progressive Hul Jharkhand|votes75=2890|seats75=0|sc75=
|party76=Republicon Presidium Party|votes76=2791|seats76=0|sc76=
|party77=West Orissa Peoples Front|votes77=2682|seats77=0|sc77=
|party78=West Bengal Socialist Party (Biman Mitra)|votes78=2411|seats78=0|sc78=
|party79=All India Shiromani Baba Jiwan Singh Mazhbi Dal|votes79=2368|seats79=0|sc79=
|party80=Akhil Bhartiya Hindustani Krantikari Samajwadi Party|votes80=2263|seats80=0|sc80=
|party81=Green Party of India|votes81=2142|seats81=0|sc81=
|party82=Akhil Baratiya Pichhra Varg Party|votes82=2055|seats82=0|sc82=
|party83=Tamil Nadu Peoples Welfare Association|votes83=1964|seats83=0|sc83=
|party84=Sadharam Rajya Parishad|votes84=1928|seats84=0|sc84=
|party85=Indian National Congress (O) Anti-Merger Group|votes85=1735|seats85=0|sc85=
|party86=Gujarat Janata Parishad|votes86=1577|seats86=0|sc86=
|party87=All India Justice Party|votes87=1428|seats87=0|sc87=
|party88=Peoples Democracy of India|votes88=1392|seats88=0|sc88=
|party89=Punjab Peoples Party|votes89=1374|seats89=0|sc89=
|party90=[[Hindustan Janata Party]]|votes90=1361|seats90=0|sc90=
|party91=Bharatha Makkal Congress|votes91=1357|seats91=0|sc91=
|party92=Deccan Congress|votes92=1332|seats92=0|sc92=
|party93=Akhil Bhartiya Lok Tantrik Party|votes93=1272|seats93=0|sc93=
|party94=Vijaya Shakti|votes94=1093|seats94=0|sc94=
|party95=Bhartiya Loktantrik Mazdoor Dal|votes95=1035|seats95=0|sc95=
|party96=Pandav Dal|votes96=918|seats96=0|sc96=
|party97=National Republican Party|votes97=839|seats97=0|sc97=
|party98=Bhartiya Loktantrik Mazdoor Sangh|votes98=703|seats98=0|sc98=
|party99=Mahabharat Peoples Party|votes99=694|seats99=0|sc99=
|party100=Indian Union Muslim League (IML)|votes100=687|seats100=0|sc100=
|party101=Manipur Peoples Council|votes101=677|seats101=0|sc101=
|party102=Vishal Bharat Pary|votes102=621|seats102=0|sc102=
|party103=Republican Party of India (Gavai Group)|votes103=539|seats103=0|sc103=
|party104=Punjab Kairon Dal|votes104=493|seats104=0|sc104=
|party105=Peoples Party of India|votes105=478|seats105=0|sc105=
|party106=Indian Labour Party|votes106=406|seats106=0|sc106=
|party107=Socialist Labour League|votes107=391|seats107=0|sc107=
|party108=Bharatiya Krantikari Kisan Sang|votes108=367|seats108=0|sc108=
|party109=Kamaraj Desiya Congress|votes109=322|seats109=0|sc109=
|party110=Punjab Naya Front|votes110=314|seats110=0|sc110=
|party111=Hindu Shiv Sena|votes111=160|seats111=0|sc111=
|party112=Bhartiya Lok Kalyan Dal|votes112=145|seats112=0|sc112=
|party113=Labour Party of India|votes113=99|seats113=0|sc113=
|party114=Independents|votes114=15793781|seats114=12|sc114=
|row115=Nominated [[Anglo-Indians]]|seats115=2|sc115=
|invalid=8274072
|electorate=498906129
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii |title=General Election, 1989 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}

==Overall result==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Date(s)
!State
!colspan="2"|Government before
!Chief Minister before
! colspan="2"|Government after
!Elected Chief Minister
!Maps
|-
| 21 January 1989 and 11 March 1989
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| [[File:IN-TN.svg|50px]]
|-
|rowspan="6"| 22 November 1989
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
|[[File:IN-AP.svg|50px]]
|-
|[[1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election|Goa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Pratapsingh Rane]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Pratapsingh Rane]]
|[[File:IN-GA.svg|50px]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Veerendra Patil]]
| [[File:IN-KA.svg|50px]]
|-
| [[1989 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|Mizoram]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Lal Thanhawla]]
| [[File:IN-MZ.svg|50px]]
|-
|[[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|Nagaland]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[S. C. Jamir]]
| [[File:IN-NL.svg|50px]]
|-
| [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Narayan Dutt Tiwari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
| [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| [[File:IN-UP.svg|50px]]
|-
|26 November 1989
|[[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]]
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Sangram Parishad}}
|[[Nar Bahadur Bhandari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Sangram Parishad}}
|[[Nar Bahadur Bhandari]]
|[[File:IN-SK.svg|50px]]
|}

==Legislative Assembly elections==
===Andhra Pradesh===
{{Main|1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4050-andhra-pradesh-1989/ |title=Andhra Pradesh 1989 - |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 November 2021}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! No !! Party !! Seats Contested !! Seats Won !! Seats change !! Vote Share !! Swing
|-
| 1 || [[Indian National Congress]] || 287 || 181 || +131 || 47.09% || +3.67%
|-
| 2 || [[Telugu Desam Party]] || 241 || 74 || -128 || 36.54% || -9.67%
|-
| 3 || [[Communist Party of India]] || 19 || 8 || -3 || 2.31% || -0.05%
|-
| 4 || [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || 15 || 6 || -5 || 2.46% || +0.15%
|-
| 5 || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || 12 || 5 || -3 || 1.78% || +0.46%
|-
| 6 || [[Janata Dal]] || 4 || 1 || +1 || 0.37% || +0.37%
|-
| 7 || [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] || 35 || 4 || +4 || 1.99 || +1.99%
|-
| 8 || [[Independent (politician)]] || || 15 || +6 || 6.58% || -2.52%
|-
|}

===Goa===
{{Main|1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=204321|seats1=20|sc1=
|party2=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes2=195533|seats2=18|sc2=
|party3=[[Gomantak Lok Party]]|votes3=15894|seats3=0|sc3=
|party4=[[Janata Dal]]|votes4=7045|seats4=0|sc4=
|party5=[[Shiv Sena]]|votes5=4960|seats5=0|sc5=
|party6=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes6=2882|seats6=0|sc6=
|party7=[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]|votes7=1985|seats7=0|sc7=
|party8=[[Gomantak Bahujan Samaj Parishad]]|votes8=896|seats8=0|sc8=
|party9=[[Janata Party]]|votes9=246|seats9=0|sc9=
|party10=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes10=105|seats10=0|sc10=
|party11=Independents|votes11=70338|seats11=2|sc11=
|invalid=12207
|electorate=712562
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3849-goa-1989/ ECI]
}}

===Karnataka===
{{Main|1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, 1989<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats contested 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||221||178||7,990,142||43.76%||{{increase}} 113
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal}}
|align="left"|[[Janata Dal]]||209||24||4,943,854||27.08%||''New Party''
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||118||4||755,032||4.14%||{{increase}} 2
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Party}}
|align="left"|[[Janata Party]] (JP)||217||2||2,070,341||11.34%||{{decrease}} 137
|-
|
|align="left"|[[Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha]]||105||2||654,801||3.59%||''New Party''
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|align="left"|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||1||1||32,928||0.18%||{{increase}} 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Muslim League}}
|align="left"|[[All-India Jamhur Muslim League|Muslim League]]||13||1||80,612||0.44%||''New Party''
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||1088||12||1,482,482||8.12%||{{decrease}} 1
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||'''2043'''||'''224'''||'''18,257,909'''||
|-
|}

===Mizoram===
{{Main|1989 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Mizoram Legislative Assembly 1989.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=93561|seats1=23|sc1={{increase}}10
|party2=[[Mizo National Front]]|votes2=94763|seats2=14|sc2={{decrease}}10
|party3=[[Mizoram People's Conference]]|votes3=52813|seats3=1|sc3={{decrease}}2
|party4=[[Independent (politics)|Independents]]|votes4=27353|seats4=2|sc4={{increase}}2
|total_sc=0
|valid=268490
|invalid=2849
|electorate=333733
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3661-mizoram-1989/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 16 July 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{notelist}}

===Nagaland===
{{Main|1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1989.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=253792|seats1=36|sc1=+2
|party2=[[Nagaland People's Conference]]|votes2=205283|seats2=24|sc2=New
|party3=[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]|votes3=13596|seats3=0|sc3=New
|party5=[[Independent (politics)|Independents]]|votes5=20625|seats5=0|sc5=–7
|total_sc=0
|invalid=5526
|electorate=582416
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3638-nagaland-1989/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Sikkim===
{{Main|1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|party1=[[Sikkim Sangram Parishad]]|votes1=94078|seats1=32|sc1=+2
|party2=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes2=24121|seats2=0|sc2=–1
|party3=[[Rising Sun Party]]|votes3=11472|seats3=0|sc3=New
|party4=Denzong Peoples Chogpi|votes4=298|seats4=0|sc4=New
|party5=Independents|votes5=3650|seats5=0|sc5=–1
|total_sc=0
|invalid=5608
|electorate=192619
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3358-sikkim-1989/ ECI]
}}

===Tamil Nadu===
{{Main|1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election table|title=Summary of the 1989 January/March Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election results}}
|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Alliance/Party
!style="width:4px" |
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Change
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Popular Vote
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Vote %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Adj. %‡
|-
! style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|DMK+ alliance
! style="background-color: {{party color|DMK}}" |
| '''169'''
| '''+137'''
| '''9,135,220'''
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| '''37.9%'''
|-
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
! style="background-color: #FF0000" |
| 150
| +126
| 8,001,222
| 33.2%
| 38.7%
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
! style="background-color: #000080" |
| 15
| +10
| 851,351
| 3.5%
| 36.5%
|-
|[[Janata Party|JNP]]
! style="background-color: #FFFF00" |
| 4
| +1
| 282,647
| 1.2%
| 29.1%
|-
! style="background-color:#009900; color:white"|AIADMK+ alliance
! style="background-color: {{party color|AIADMK}}" |
| '''34'''
| '''-100'''
| '''7,757,452'''
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| '''32.2%'''
|-
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK(J)]]
! style="background-color: lime" |
| 27
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right;"|-101
| 5,098,687
| 22.2%
| 25.0%
|-
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK(JA)]]
! style="background-color: olive" |
| 2
| 2,214,965
| 9.2%
| 12.2%
|-
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK(United)]]
! style="background-color: #008000" |
| 2
| 148,630
| 0.6%
| 37.4%
|-
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
! style="background-color: #0000FF" |
| 3
| +1
| 295,170
| 1.2%
| 21.3%
|-
! style="background-color:gray; color:white"|Others
! style="background-color:gray" |
| '''31'''
| '''-37'''
| '''7,218,796'''
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| '''29.9%'''
|-
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! style="background-color: #00FFFF" |
| 26
| -37
| 4,780,714
| 19.8%
| 21.8%
|-
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
! style="background-color: #666666" |
| 5
| +1
| 2,164,484
| 9.0%
| 9.1%
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |'''Total'''
! style="background-color: " |
| 234
| –
| 24,111,468
| 100%
| style="text-align:center;" | –
|-
|}
{{refbegin}}
'''†''': Seat change reflects 33 MLAs that supported Jayalalithaa faction and 97 MLAs that supported Janaki faction (2 MLAs that supported her had their constituency election in a later March by-election after the merge). It also reflects GKC merging with INC and AKD not winning a seat after winning a seat in 1984.
 '''‡''': Vote % reflects the percentage of votes the party received compared to the entire electorate that voted in this election. Adjusted (Adj.) Vote %, reflects the % of votes the party received per constituency that they contested.
 Sources: Election Commission of India<ref name="ECI">{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=ECI 1989 Election Statistical Report}}</ref>
{{refend}}

===Uttar Pradesh===
{{Main|1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly 1989.svg]]
|party1=[[Janata Dal]]|votes1=11571462|seats1=208|sc1=New
|party2=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes2=10866428|seats2=94|sc2=–175
|party3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes3=4522867|seats3=57|sc3=+41
|party4=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes4=3664417|seats4=13|sc4=+13
|party5=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes5=606885|seats5=6|sc5=0
|party6=Lok Dal (B)|votes6=464555|seats6=2|sc6=New
|party7=Janata Party (JP)|votes7=289154|seats7=1|sc7=New
|party8=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes8=142763|seats8=2|sc8=0
|party9=Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes9=71763|seats9=1|sc9=New
|party10=[[Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes10=68943|seats10=1|sc10=+1
|party11=Other Parties|votes11=655972|seats11=0|sc11=
|party21=Independents|votes21=6020921|seats21=40|sc21=+17
|total_sc=0
|invalid=1971832
|electorate=79560897
|source=ECI<ref name=election1989>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh 1989 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3256-uttar-pradesh-1989/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=election1985>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh 1985 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3255-uttar-pradesh-1985/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref>
}}

==Rajya Sabha==
{{Main|1989 Indian Rajya Sabha elections}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/ |title=Election Results - Full Statistical Reports |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:1989 elections in India]]
[[Category:1989 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1989 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

Shiv Charan Mathur

2025-10-14T09:36:49Z

UlrikeWeber:

{{Short description|10th Chief Minister of Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shiv Charan Mathur
| image = File:Assam Governor Shiv Charan Mathur in 2008 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mathur in October 2008
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1927|2|14}}
| birth_place =
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2009|6|25|1927|2|14}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| constituency =
| office = 14th [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]
| term = 14 July 1981 – 23 February 1985
| predecessor = [[Jagannath Pahadia]]
| successor = [[Hira Lal Devpura]]
| office3 = [[Governor of Assam]]
| term3 = 4 July 2008 – 25 June 2009
| predecessor3 = [[Ajai Singh]]
| successor3 = [[K Sankaranarayanan]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| term2 = 20 January 1988 – 4 December 1989
| predecessor2 = [[Hari Dev Joshi]]
| successor2 = [[Hari Dev Joshi]]
| religion =
| spouse =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}'''Shiv Charan Mathur''' (14 February 1927 – 25 June 2009) was an Indian politician and a senior leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] from [[Rajasthan]]. He served twice as the [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]], first from 1981 to 1985 and again from 1988 to 1989. He also served as [[Governor of Assam]] from 2008 to 2009.<ref name="u306">{{cite web |date=26 June 2009 |title=Rajasthan mourns Shiv Charan Mathur's demise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/photo/rajasthan-mourns-shiv-charan-mathurs-demise-362084-2009-06-26/4 |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="b6942">{{cite web |date=26 June 2009 |title=Shiv Charan Mathur passes away at 83 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/shiv-charan-mathur-passes-away-at-83/articleshow/4703990.cms |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Shiv Charan Mathur, Kedar Nath Srivastava, Mohan Singh Mehta.jpg|thumb|180px|Shiv Charan Mathur, Kedar Nath Srivastava, Mohan Singh Mehta]]
Mathur began his political career with the [[Indian National Congress]]. He held several key ministerial posts before becoming the [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]], first from 1981 to 1985 and again from 1988 to 1989. His resigned from Chief Minister post following the Bharatpur encounter case of [[Raja Man Singh (politician)|Raja Man Singh]]. Mathur also served as a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha)]] from 1964 to 1967, and again from 1996 to 1998 and as the [[Governor of Assam]] from 2008 until his death in 2009.<ref name="b6942" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-07-22 |title=Bharatpur encounter {{!}} When Rajasthan CM had to resign 35 years ago |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bharatpur-encounter-1985-man-singh-rajasthan-shiv-charan-mathur-1703248-2020-07-22 |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Resignation ==
Mathur resigned as [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]] on 23 February 1985 following the Bharatpur encounter case, in which [[Raja Man Singh (politician)|Raja Man Singh]] of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] was killed in a [[fake police encounter]] during the assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-21 |title=11 cops convicted for killing Rajasthan ex-royal in fake encounter 35 yrs ago |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cbi-court-convicts-11-cops-including-deputy-sp-for-ex-royal-s-murder-in-rajasthan/story-M54w3o75NfoSpVSzfXnjlK.html |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The incident sparked widespread public and political outrage over alleged misuse of power, prompting Mathur to take moral responsibility and step down. He was succeeded by [[Hira Lal Devpura]] as interim Chief Minister.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=Explained: The Bharatpur encounter case that forced a Rajasthan CM to step down |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-bharatpur-encounter-case-that-forced-a-rajasthan-cm-to-step-down-6516863/ |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090630005631/http://www.rajasthantalkies.com/2009/06/former-rajasthan-cm-and-assam-governor.html Shiv charan Mathur Dead]
* [http://rajassembly.nic.in/cm-photo.htm Photographs of Former Chief Ministers of Rajasthan]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090630005524/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=071dd3f4-b46b-4e37-8b45-3d1533fb577d&&Headline=Shiv+Charan+Mathur+sworn+in+as+Assam+governor Mr S C Mathur sworn as Assam Governor]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Jagannath Pahadia]]|
title=[[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]|
years=1981–1985|
after=[[Hira Lal Devpura]]
}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Hari Dev Joshi]]|
title=[[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]|
years=1988–1989|
after=[[Hari Dev Joshi]]
}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Ajai Singh]]
| title=[[Governor of Assam]] | years=2008–2009
| after=[[K Sankaranarayanan]]
}}
{{end}}
{{Chief Ministers of Rajasthan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathur, Shiv Charan}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Governors of Assam]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from Bhilwara]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1990–1992]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2003–2008]]

Kattugollahalli

2025-09-06T04:41:28Z

UlrikeWeber: Creating new stub w/ sources - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kattugollahalli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.10048|N|77.723935|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bangalore]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Bangalore East (Taluk)|Bangalore East]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 966
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 562129
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 080
| registration_plate = KA 53
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Legislative Assembly]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Mahadevapura Assembly constituency]]<ref name="174_Mahadevapura">{{cite web|url=https://ceo.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/56331647503263.pdf|title="174-Mahadevapura : BLO Details"|accessdate=2025-02-24|archive-date=17 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517042839/https://ceo.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/56331647503263.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Kattugollahalli ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India. Kattugollahalli village is located in [[Bangalore East (Taluk)|Bangalore East]] taluka of Bangalore Urban district in Karnataka, India. It is situated 15 km away from [[Krishnarajapuram]] and around 18 km from [[Hoskote]]. As per 2009 stats, [[Mandur, Bengaluru East|Mandur]] is the gram panchayat of Kattugollahalli village.<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder|title=2011 census of India Village: Kattugollahalli|accessdate=2025-02-24}} </ref><ref name="Map">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kattugollahalli,+Karnataka+562129/@13.10048,77.723935,2719m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x3bae1add0adeca53:0x9c7cc6e54202d9de!8m2!3d13.1024419!4d77.7209303!16s%2Fg%2F1hf_cjhmg?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIyNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|title=Kattugollahalli Map|accessdate=2025-02-23}} </ref>

==Demographics==
According to [[2011 census of India]] information the location code or village code of Kattugollahalli village is 613087. The total geographical area of the village is 366.63 hectares. Kattugollahalli has a total population of 966 peoples, out of which male population is 455 while female population is 511. The literacy rate of kattugollahalli village is 58.07% out of which 64.40% males and 52.45% females are literate. There are about 214 houses in kattugollahalli village. Pincode of Kattugollahalli village locality is 562129.<ref name="census_2011"/>

==Facilities==
Kattugollahalli has below basic types of facilities.

* Govt Lower Primary School Kattugollahalli – The school is owned by the Government of Karnataka.<ref name="174_Mahadevapura"/>
* Ksheera Bhavana- KMF ([[Karnataka Milk Federation]]) Dairy
* Clean Drinking water unit
* Nyaya Bele Angadi, KMF dairy building

==Places of Worship==
* Patalmma Temple
* Sri Anjaneya Temple

==See also==
* [[Hancharahalli]]
* [[Huskur, Bengaluru East|Huskur]]
* [[Bommenahalli, Bengaluru East|Bommenahalli]]
* [[Raghuvanahalli, Bengaluru East|Raghuvanahalli]]
* [[Jyothipura, Bengaluru East|Jyothipura]]

==References==
*Book: Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A. Village & town directory ; B. Village & townwise primary census abstract, Publisher: University of Minnesota, Contributor:India. Director of Census Operations, Karnataka
*Book: The Mysore Gazette, 1962
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/ Kattugollahalli]

{{Settlements in Bangalore Urban district}}
{{Bangalore Urban district}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kattugollahalli}}
[[Category:Villages in Bengaluru Urban district]]

{{Bangalore-geo-stub}}

List of Kumaoni people

2025-08-28T18:08:02Z

UlrikeWeber: Adding The Post Nd Citations!

{{short description|None}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
'''Kumaonis''' are people from the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], a region in the [[India]]n [[Himalayas]].

==Historical figures==
* [[Sakaditya]], ([[Sanskrit]]: शकादित्य [[IAST]]: ''{{IAST|Śakāditya}}'') was a prominent ruler of the Kurmmavan or Kurmmachal,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Newall |first1=David J. F. |title=The Highlands of India: Strategically considered, with special reference to their colonization as reserve circles, military, industrial, and sanitary |date=1984 |publisher=Logos Press |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Highlands_of_India_Strategically_con/U-8tAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=sakaditya+kumaon&dq=sakaditya+kumaon&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Archaeological Survey of India Report |date=1970 |publisher=Indological Book House |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Archaeological_Survey_of_India_Report/9Qk3AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=sakaditya+kumaon&dq=sakaditya+kumaon&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> historically associated with the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon region]] in northern India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chopra |first1=Prabha |title=Delhi Gazetteer |date=1976 |publisher=The Unit |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Delhi_Gazetteer/acoBAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=sakaditya+kumaon&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kumaon">{{cite book |last1=Gopal |first1=Dr Krishna |title=Fairs and Festivals of India |date=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-0810-9 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Fairs_and_Festivals_of_India/GAfgAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=sakaditya+kumaon&dq=sakaditya+kumaon&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Vasudev Katyuri]] ([[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]: वासुदेव कत्यूरी)'''<ref name="vasudeva">{{cite book |last1=Miśra |first1=Nityānanda |title=Source Materials of Kumauni History |date=1994 |publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot |isbn=978-81-85865-24-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdxHAAAAMAAJ&q=vasudeva+katyuri |language=en}}</ref>''' was the founder and the emperor of the [[Katyuri dynasty]],<ref name="founder">{{cite book |last1=Hāṇḍā |first1=Omacanda |title=History of Uttaranchal |date=2002 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-134-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC&q=vasu+ |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Book">{{cite book |last1=Pāṇḍe |first1=Badarī Datta |title=History of Kumaun: English Version of "Kumaun Ka Itihas" |date=1993 |publisher=Shyam Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85865-01-0 |pages=151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXZwQgAACAAJ |ref=The Katyuri dynasty, part of the Solar lineage, ruled a vast region from Nepal to Kabul about 2,500 years ago. Originating in Uttarkoshal, they later formed a distinct kingdom in Kumaon. Known for their influence, they possibly ruled before or after the Khasa kings, with Kanakdeva being a notable ruler. |language=en}}</ref> based in [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]], [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], [[Nepal]], [[Kashmir]], and [[Afghanistan]]{{refn|group=note|The Katyuri dynasty, part of the Solar lineage, ruled a vast region from Nepal to Kabul about 2,500 years ago. Originating in Uttarkoshal, they later formed a distinct kingdom in Kumaon. Known for their influence, they possibly ruled before or after the Khasa kings, with Kanakdeva being a notable ruler.
<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pāṇḍe |first1=Badarī Datta |title=History of Kumaun: English Version of "Kumaun Ka Itihas" |date=1993 |publisher=Shyam Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85865-01-0 |pages=150–152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXZwQgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>}} in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="vasudeva" /><ref name="founder" />
* [[Baz Bahadur Chand]], ([[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]: बाज़ बहादुर चंद; 1598 - 1680),<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Badri Dutt |title=History of Kumaon |publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot |year=1993 |isbn=81-900 209-4-3 |edition=Volume 1 |location=[[Almora]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]] |publication-date=1993 |language=en}}</ref> born Baz Gusain (बाज़ गुसाईं), was the 50th [[Maharaja]] of the [[Chand kingdom|Chand Dynasty]] of [[Kingdom of Kumaon|Kumaon.]]
* [[Jagat Chand]], (reigned c. 1708-1720) was the [[Chand kings|Chand]] king of [[Kumaon Kingdom]]. He ascended throne of Kumaon in 1708 CE after his father King Gyan Chand's death.
* [[Birbal Negi]], was a commander in the [[Kumaon Kingdom]].<ref name="birbal">{{cite book |last1=Atkinson |first1=Edwin Thomas |title=The Himalayan Gazetteer |date=1998 |publisher=Bhavana Books & Prints |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Himalayan_Gazetteer/Iro5F1X3vA4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=birbal+negi+kumaon&dq=birbal+negi+kumaon&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="commander">{{cite book |last1=Hāṇḍā |first1=Omacanda |title=History of Uttaranchal |date=2002 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-134-4 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/History_of_Uttaranchal/7_Ct9gzvkDQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=birbal+negi+kumaon&pg=PA96&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kumaoni">{{cite book |last1=Oudh (India) |first1=United Provinces of Agra and |title=District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Naini Tal |date=1922 |publisher=Supdt., Government Press, United Provinces |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/District_Gazetteers_of_the_United_Provin/ii9uAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=birbal+negi&dq=birbal+negi&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="4000 men">{{cite book |last1=Vaishṇava |first1=Yamunādatta |title=Himalayan Districts of Uttar Pradesh: Land and People |date=1983 |publisher=Sri Almora Book Depot |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Himalayan_Districts_of_Uttar_Pradesh/54e1AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=birbal+negi+kumaon&dq=birbal+negi+kumaon&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

==Administration==


* [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]
* [[B. D. Pande]]
* [[V. C. Pande]]
* [[N.D. Tiwari]]

== Defence forces ==
[[File:General Bipin Chandra Joshi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Bipin Chandra Joshi]]]]


* [[Rajesh Singh Adhikari|Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari]], [[Mahavir Chakra]] awardee. Hero [[Battle of Tololing]], [[Kargil]] war
* [[Vice Admiral]] [[Harish Bisht]], [[PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] former Flag Officer of the Indian Navy.
* [[Lucky Bisht]], former Indian spy.
* [[Bahadur Singh Bohra]], Lawanz Operation: 25 Sep 2008, [[Ashoka Chakra]] recipient
* [[Mohan Nath Goswami]], Operation : CI & IS Ops, Sep 03, 2015, [[Ashoka Chakra]] recipient
* [[Bipin Chandra Joshi|General Bipin Chandra Joshi]], 17th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]] (COAS), First Army Chief from [[Uttarakhand]]
* [[Devendra Kumar Joshi|Admiral Devendra Kumar Joshi]] 21st [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of Naval Staff]] of the Indian Navy
* [[Ummed Singh Mahra|Captain Ummed Singh Mahra]], Operation : Op Orchid, 6 July 1971, [[Ashoka Chakra]] recipient
* [[Mohan Chand Sharma]], Batla House Encounter, 19 September 2008, [[Ashoka Chakra]] recipient
{{clear}}

==Politics==
[[File:Govind Ballabh Pant 1965 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|alt=|upright=0.6|[[Govind Ballabh Pant]] ]]
[[File:Murli Manohar Joshi MP.jpg|thumb|alt=|upright=0.6|[[Murli Manohar Joshi]] ]]
[[File:HarishRawat.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Harish Rawat]]]]


* [[Kashi Singh Airy]]
* [[Yashpal Arya]]
* [[K. C. Singh Baba]]
* [[Mohan Singh Bisht]]
* [[Ajay Bhatt (politician)|Ajay Bhatt]]
* [[Ganesh Joshi]]
* [[Murli Manohar Joshi]], He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of which he was the President between 1991 and 1993.
* [[Puran Chand Joshi]], general secretary of the C.P.I. (1935–1947)
* [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]], governor of [[Maharashtra]], chief minister of [[Uttarakhand]]
* [[Kalu Singh Mahara]], freedom fighter, led an anti-British militia in [[Champawat]], during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
* [[Mahendra Singh Mahra]], served as a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Uttarakhand (April 2012 to April 2018).
* [[Badri Datt Pandey]], He was popularly known as, and remains remembered in the region as, the Kumaon Kesari.
* [[Govind Ballabh Pant]], freedom fighter, considered one of the architects of modern India
* [[Hargovind Pant]]
* [[Ila Pant]]
* [[K. C. Pant]], former defence minister and vice chairman of the Planning Commission
* [[Prakash Pant]]
* [[Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan|Sheila Irene Pant]] or [[Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]], Pakistan
* [[Bachi Singh Rawat]]
* [[Harish Rawat|Harish Chandra Singh Rawat]], [[Member of Parliament|M.P.]] 7th, 8th, 9th [[Lok Sabha]] Almora, 15th [[Lok Sabha]] Haridwar, C.M. Uttarakhand
* [[Pradeep Tamta]], [[member of Parliament|M.P.]]
* [[N. D. Tiwari]], three-time Chief Minister of [[Uttar Pradesh]](1976–77, 1984–85, 1988–89) and also served once as Chief Minister of Uttarakhand (2002–2007)
* [[Bipin Chandra Tripathi]], Founder of [[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]], A political party which started [[Uttarakhand movement]], led to formation of state.
* [[Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya]]
{{clear}}

== Judiciary ==
* [[Prafulla Chandra Pant]], author and former judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]], and a former member of the [[National Human Rights Commission of India]]

==Science and humanities==
[[File:NainSingh.gif|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Nain Singh Rawat]] ]]


* [[Ravindra Singh Bisht]], Indian archaeologist, [[Padma Shri]] recipient
* [[Anupam Joshi]], cyber security expert and Professor
* [[J. P. Joshi]], archaeologist
* [[Lal Mani Joshi]], Buddhist scholar
* [[M. C. Joshi (archaeologist)|M. C. Joshi]], Indian archaeologist who served as Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1990 to 1993.
* [[Pooran Chand Joshi]], social anthropologist
* [[Shri Krishna Joshi]], physicist
* [[Yashodhar Mathpal]], archaeologist, painter, curator, Gandhian and Rock art conservationist.
* [[Janardan Ganpatrao Negi]], theoretical geophysicist
* [[Ghananand Pande]], scientist
* [[Govind Chandra Pande]], Indian scholar, philosopher and historian of the Vedic and Buddhist periods
* [[M. C. Pant]], radiation oncologist
* [[Nilamber Pant]], space pioneer
* [[Krishna Singh Rawat]], surveyor cartographer
* [[Nain Singh Rawat]], C.I.E., first person to survey Tibet
* [[Dalip Kumar Upreti]], lichenologist
* [[Khadg Singh Valdiya]], geologist and environmentalist

==Journalism and literature==
[[File:Prasoon Joshi (Cropped).png|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Prasoon Joshi]] ]]
[[File:Sumitranandan Pant 2015 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Sumitranandan Pant]] ]]


* [[Uma Bhatt]]
* [[Namita Gokhale]]
* [[Namrata Joshi]], Journalist<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/critics/namrata-joshi/movies|title = Namrata Joshi Movie Reviews & Previews - Rotten Tomatoes|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref>
* [[Manohar Shyam Joshi]]
* [[Manoj Joshi (journalist)|Manoj Joshi]]
* [[Prasoon Joshi]], lyricist, poet, advertiser; chief executive offer and chairman of McCann World group India
* [[Shekhar Joshi]]
* [[Shailesh Matiyani]]
* [[Mrinal Pande]]
* [[Shivani|Gaura Pant]], who wrote under the name Shivani
* [[Pushpesh Pant]], Indian historian and food critic
* [[Sumitranandan Pant]]
* [[Shekhar Pathak]], historian
* [[Girish Tiwari]], also known as Girda

{{clear}}

==Music==


*[[Dev Negi]], Bollywood Playback Singer
*[[Pawandeep Rajan]], Indian Idol 2020, Season 12 winner
*[[B. K. Samant]], folk singer
*[[Mohan Upreti]], folk singer, composer of the classic Kumaoni song [[Bedu Pako Baro Masa]]
*[[Naima Khan Upreti]]

== Sports ==
[[File:Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni_January_2016_(cropped).jpg|upright=0.6|[[MS Dhoni]]|thumb]]


*[[Chandraprabha Aitwal]], mountaineer, Padma Shri, Arjun and Rung Ratna Awardee. Tenzing Norgay Lifetime Achievement Award
*[[Ekta Bisht]], cricketer
*[[Kavinder Bisht]], boxer
*[[Madhumita Bisht]], badminton
*[[Unmukt Chand]], cricketer
*[[Rohit Danu]], footballer
*[[Deepak Dhapola]], cricketer
*[[MS Dhoni]], cricketer (former captain of Indian cricket team, born to Kumaoni parents)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catchnews.com/india-news/no-one-in-mahi-s-ancestral-village-will-watch-ms-dhoni-the-untold-story-1475336025.html|title=No one in Mahi's ancestral village will watch 'MS Dhoni: The Untold Story'|website=CatchNews.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref>
*[[Kamlesh Nagarkoti]], cricketer
*[[Mir Ranjan Negi]], hockey player
*[[Pawan Negi]], cricketer
*[[Manish Pandey]], cricketer
*[[Rishabh Pant]], cricketer
*[[Harish Chandra Singh Rawat]], 1965 Everester, [[Padma Shree]] recipient (1965)
*[[Lakshya Sen]], badminton
*[[Anirudh Thapa]] football

==Films and theatre==


[[File:Photos-Disha-Patani-snapped-at-Myntra-event (cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.6|Disha Patani]]
* [[Sapna Awasthi]], Bollywood playback singer
* [[Nidhi Bisht]], casting director
* [[Gopal Datt]], actor and writer
* [[Roop Durgapal]], Indian television actress, best known for her role as Sanchi in the serial Balika Vadhu
* [[Sukirti Kandpal]], television actress
* [[Vinod Kapri]], filmmaker
* [[Hemant Pandey]], actor
* [[Nitesh Pandey]], actor
* [[Nirmal Pandey]], actor
* [[Sudhanshu Pandey]], actor
* [[Sudhir Pandey]], actor
* [[Diksha Panth]], Indian film actress
* [[Disha Patani]], actress
* [[Sunita Rajwar]], film, television and stage actress who graduated from the National School of Drama
* [[B. M. Shah]], Sangeet Natak Akademi Award winner
* [[Mohan Upreti]], dramatist
* [[Naima Khan Upreti]], dramatist

{{clear}}

==Humanitarian==
[[File:Deep Joshi-2.jpg|thumb|[[Deep Joshi]]|upright=0.6]]


*[[Dan Singh Bisht]], billionaire, philanthropist
*[[Lakshman Singh Jangpangi]], former trade agent
*[[Deep Joshi]], social activist, recipient of [[Padma Shri]].
*[[Vinayak Lohani]], National Award for Child Welfare 2011
*[[Lalit Pande]], social worker, [[Padma Shri]] recipient
*[[Kamla Pant]], social activist
*[[Ridhima Pandey]], activist for action against climate change

==Business==
* [[Ranjan Pant]], chief executive officer, advisor, global strategy management consultant and a change management expert
* [[Dan Singh Bisht]], billionaire, philanthropist
* [[Muktesh Pant]], former chief executive officer of Yum China.

==Spiritual Leaders==


* [[Baba Hari Dass]], yoga master, silent monk, and commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha
* [[Satyananda Saraswati]], Sannyasin, yoga teacher and guru
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kumaon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Kumaonis}}
[[Category:Kumaon division]]
[[Category:People from Almora]]
[[Category:Kumaoni people|*]]
[[Category:People from Bageshwar]]
[[Category:People from Nainital]]
[[Category:People from Pithoragarh]]
[[Category:Lists of people from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Haldwani]]
[[Category:Lists of people by ethnicity|Kumaonis]]

Bithoor Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T04:52:31Z

UlrikeWeber: pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bithoor
| map_image = 210-Bithoor.svg
| mla = Abhijeet Singh Sanga
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur Nagar]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 3,67,146 (2019)
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Akbarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Akbarpur]]
| constituency_no = 210
}}

'''Bithoor''' Assembly constituency is one of 403 legislative assembly seats of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> It is part of the [[Akbarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Akbarpur]] Lok Sabha constituency.

==Overview==
Bithoor comprises KC 4-Bhitargaon of 3-Ghatampur Tehsil; KCs 1-Pali, 4-[[Bidhnu]], 5- Sachendi, 6-Bithoor and Bithoor Nagar Palika of 2-Kanpur Sadar Tehsil.<ref>[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-nagar-constituencies/bithoor.aspx Bithoor Assembly constituency]</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Bithoor Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/Bithoor.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Munindra Shukla
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Abhijeet Singh Sanga]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bithoor<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Abhijeet Singh Sanga]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:107330}}
|percentage = 44.46
|change = -4.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Munindra Shukla
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:86257}}
|percentage = 35.73
|change = +12.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramesh Singh Yadav
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:36955}}
|percentage = 15.31
|change = -7.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Nishad
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:4447}}
|percentage = 1.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1759}}
|percentage = 0.73
|change = -0.1
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:21073}}
|percentage = 8.73
|change = -16.86
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:241399}}
|percentage = 65.52
|change = +0.41
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: [[Bithoor]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Abhijeet Singh Sanga
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:113289}}
|percentage = 49.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Munindra Shukla
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:54302}}
|percentage = 23.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ram Prakash Kushwaha
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:53586}}
|percentage = 23.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1900}}
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:58987}}
|percentage = 25.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:230544}}
|percentage = 65.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2012]]: [[Bithoor]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Munindra Shukla
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 61,081
|percentage = 29.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ram Prakash Kushwaha
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 60,410
|percentage = 29.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Abhijeet Singh Sanga
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 51,822
|percentage = 25.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Dinesh Awasthi
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 17,955
|percentage = 8.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Upendra Kumar Dwivedi
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|votes = 1,376
|percentage = 0.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 671
|percentage = 0.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 2,04,846
|percentage = 62.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Kanpur}}

[[Category:Politics of Kanpur]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kanpur Nagar district]]

Bethamcherla

2025-07-25T14:22:32Z

UlrikeWeber: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bethamcherla
| image_skyline = Bethamcherla Railway Station edited.jpg
| caption = Bethamcherla railway station
| other_name = Betamcherla
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.4667|N|78.1667|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = Rayalaseema
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = Century B.C.
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = [[Nagar panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 38,994
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(ioonhl2wrjig4555p4az3qrl))/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=630906|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=20 November 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu, తెలుగు]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 518599
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|Telephone code]]
| area_code = (091)-8516
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Bethamcherla''' is a town with [[Nagar panchayat]] civic status and [[mandal]] headquarters located in [[Nandyal district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It comes under [[Dhone]] assembly constituency and [[Nandyal]] Parliament Constituency.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise villages|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Kurnool.pdf|website=Revenue Department - AP Land|publisher=National Informatics Center|accessdate=20 November 2014|page=9|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209182624/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Kurnool.pdf|archivedate=9 December 2014}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the town had a population of 38,994. The total population constitute, 19,424 males and 19,570 females —a sex ratio of 1008 females per 1000 males. 4,882 children are in the age group of 0–6 years. The average literacy rate stands at 65.60% with 22,379 literates, lower than the state average of 67.41%.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=Literacy of AP (Census 2011) |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf |publisher=Official Portal of Andhra Pradesh Government |accessdate=16 November 2014 |page=43 |format=PDF |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf |archivedate=14 July 2014 }}</ref>

==Education==
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the ''School Education Department'' of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department|url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=7 November 2016|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|archivedate=27 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education - Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|website=www.ap.gov.in|accessdate=7 November 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|archivedate=7 November 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Nandyal district}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nandyal district]]

Chamrauli, Shikohabad

2025-07-17T15:49:49Z

UlrikeWeber: new

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
'''Chamrauli''' is a village in Shikohabad Block in Firozabad District of Uttar Pradesh State, India. It belongs to Agra Division. It is located 16 km towards east from district headquarters Firozabad. 3 km from Shikohabad. 283 km from State capital Lucknow.

Chamrauli Pin code is 205145 and postal head office is Makkhanpur.<ref name=a>{{cite web |title=PRIMARY SCHOOL CHAMRAULI, SHIKOHABAD |url=http://www.schoolsworld.in/schools/showschool.php?school_id=9160209101 |website=www.schoolsworld.in |access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref>

Shikohabad, Sirsaganj, Firozabad, Fatehabad are the nearby Cities to Chamrauli. The village has primary school.<ref name=a/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

{{Firozabad-geo-stub}}

Bolarum

2025-01-23T03:05:06Z

UlrikeWeber: updated details

{{distinguish|IDA Bollaram|Macha Bollaram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bolarum
| other_name = Bollorum
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Locality
| image_skyline = BolarumAyyappaTemple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The famous Ayyappa Temple in Bolarum.
| pushpin_map = India Hyderabad
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Hyderabad, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|30|52|N|78|30|49|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Medak|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2804_PART_B_DCHB_MEDAK.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=11 June 2016|pages=12, 44}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.36
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 19385
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =<ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500 010
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Malkajgiri]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Cantonment]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board]]
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bolarum( Telugu :బొల్లారం )''' is a locality in [[Secunderabad]] in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana, India. It is in the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Region]]. The distance from Bolarum to [[Secunderabad]] is 10 km.

== Demographics ==
As per the Census 2001,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 census of India 2001]</ref> Bolarum had a population of 34,667 (58% males, 42% females) with 15% of the population under the age of six. Bolarum's average literacy rate is 58%, which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male and female literacy rates are 68% and 43% respectively.

==About==
{{More citations needed section||date=July 2020}}
[[Rashtrapati Nilayam]], the official retreat of the President of India, is in Bolarum. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel planned the police action against the Razakars from Bolarum. It is also famous for the Ayyappa Swamy Temple which is one among the oldest temples in Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Bolarum has a very old Public Garden which is located near St. Ann's High School. Bolarum is located 3 km away from the Alwal bus stop.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
The City Public High School (later changed to The City High School), Valerian Grammar School, Sadhana Mandir High School and Shastri High School are the oldest and the most popular private schools in the area. Bolarum Railway Station (station code: BMO) was constructed by the British to transport military goods.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} There was a meeting held in Bolarum on 27 August 1952 with a huge number of students attending the meeting headed by the then mayor Thimma Raju.

== Landmarks ==

Some important landmarks in the area are; Ayyappa Swamy Temple, near Lakdawala Bus-Stop, and the [[Holy Trinity Church, Bolarum]] – a church built in European style architecture in 1847 by [[Queen Victoria]], a member of British Royal family. In the 1980s, on her visit to Bolarum, Queen [[Elizabeth II]] attended church service for her wedding anniversary.<ref name="QE II visit2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.htcbolarum.org/queensvisit.html |title=QE II visit |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412005016/http://htcbolarum.org/queensvisit.html |archive-date=12 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bolarum Reading Room and Library, close to Lakdawala crossroads is also a very old landmark of Bolarum. After multiple attempts, this library was finally inaugurated by Lieutenant Colonel Kirkwood on 23 July 1892.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Henry Guppy|author2=Arundell James|author3=Kennedy Esdaile|title=Library Association Record, Volume 5|year=1903|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1MwAQAAMAAJ&q=bolarum+library&pg=PA655}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{More citations needed section||date=July 2020}}
[[Bolarum Bazar railway station]] is the [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|local train]] station located near Bolarum Bazar, which runs local trains (Diesel Multiple Units) connecting it to [[Secunderabad Railway Station|Secunderabad]], [[Kacheguda Railway Station|Kacheguda]], [[Falaknuma Railway Station|Falaknuma]], and [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station|Hyderabad Deccan (Nampally)]] railway stations. The state-owned [[TSRTC]] runs the city bus service, connecting to all the major parts of the city. It is approximately 10 km from [[Secunderabad Railway Station|Secunderabad railway station]], 12 km from [[Begumpet Airport|Begumpet Old Airport]], and 51 km from [[Shamshabad Airport|Shamshabad International Airport]].

== Notable people ==

* [[Kenneth Anderson (writer)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ranga Reddy district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]

11th Haryana Assembly

2024-09-12T15:18:26Z

UlrikeWeber: starting new details

#REDIRECT [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

{{Redirect category shell|
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Bombay Tournament (cricket)

2024-02-03T15:50:55Z

UlrikeWeber: done

{{Short description|Indian cricket competition (1892–1946)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
The '''Bombay Tournament''' was an annual [[cricket]] competition held in [[British India]] between 1892 and 1946.<ref>''Story of the Bombay Tournament, from Presidency to Pentangular, 1892–93 to 1945–46''. Vasant Raiji and Mohandas Menon. (2006).</ref> Until 1936, matches were played on either the [[Bombay Gymkhana Ground|Gymkhana Ground]] in [[Bombay]] or the [[Deccan Gymkhana Ground]] in [[Poona]], and then at the [[Brabourne Stadium]] in Bombay until the tournament was terminated in 1946. The tournament was known variously as the [[Bombay Presidency]] Match, Bombay Triangular, Bombay Quadrangular, and Bombay Pentangular, depending on the number of competing teams.

==Presidency Match==
The tournament had its origins in an annual match played between the [[Europe]]an members of the [[Bombay Gymkhana]] and the [[Parsi people|Parsis]] of the [[Zoroastrian]] Cricket Club. The first such game was played in 1877, when the Bombay Gymkhana accepted a request for a two-day match from the Parsis. The game was played in good spirit, with the Parsis surprising the Europeans by taking a first [[innings]] lead. The Gymkhana recovered, but the match was drawn with the sides evenly poised. The challenge was played again in 1878 and looked set to become an annual event, but racial discontent intervened. From 1879 to 1883, the Parsis and [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] of Bombay were locked in a struggle against the governing Europeans over the use of the playing fields known as the Bombay Maidan. Gymkhana members would play [[polo]] on the field, rendering much of it useless for cricket because of the large divots left by the horses, while sparing their own European-only cricket ground. With this dispute settled in favour of the natives, the Europeans versus Parsis matches resumed in 1884.

The 1889 game was memorable as a thrilling victory to the Parsis, with the Gymkhana being set a target of 53 to win: Parsi captain [[M.E. Pavri]] [[bowling (cricket)|bowled]] well to help dismiss the Europeans for 50, giving the Parsis a two-run victory. Matches from 1892–93 are given [[first-class cricket|first-class]] status: the match that began at Bombay Gymkhana on 26 August 1892 is considered the earliest first-class match in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scoreline.org/history-of-first-class-cricket/ |title=History of First Class Cricket |first=Abid Ali |last=Kazi |date=24 December 2015}}</ref>

By 1900, the Presidency Match – as the Europeans versus Parsis game had come to be called – was the highlight of the Bombay cricket season. In the 19 matches to this year, the teams had won eight each and drawn three.

==Bombay Triangular==
While the Europeans and Parsis were regularly playing against each other, the Hindu Gymkhana had been amassing its own quality players. In 1906, the [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] challenged the Parsis to a match, but the [[Communalism (South Asia)|communal]] differences between the clubs led the Parsis to decline. The Bombay Gymkhana stepped in and accepted the challenge, leading to the first Europeans versus Hindus match, played that February. The Hindu side ended up recording a stunning 110-run victory over the Europeans. The Hindus boasted [[Palwankar Baloo]], who is regarded as India's first great [[spin bowling|spin bowler]], and perhaps the first person from the [[Chamar]] caste<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kidambi |first=Prashant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50KjDwAAQBAJ&dq=baloo+palwankar+was+a+chamar&pg=PA149 |title=Cricket Country: An Indian Odyssey in the Age of Empire |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-884313-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajan |first=Vithal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkl_W_aNu4YC&dq=baloo+palwankar+was+a+chamar&pg=PT128 |title=Holmes of the Raj |date=2011-12-12 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-250-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Menon |first=Dilip M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxDB5GBCpNEC&dq=baloo+palwankar+was+a+chamar&pg=PR16 |title=Cultural History of Modern India |date=2006 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-81-87358-25-1 |language=en}}</ref> to make an impact in an Indian sporting arena. He was not allowed the captaincy of the team because of his caste,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhrubo Jyoti |first1= |title=India's first Dalit cricketer Palwankar Baloo fought against caste barriers on the field and off it |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/india-s-first-dalit-cricketer-palwankar-baloo-fought-against-caste-barriers-on-the-field-and-off-it/story-Cz10GUgvkQoLI4b7fhNVEO.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=16 September 2018}}</ref> but his younger brother [[Palwankar Vithal]], a batsman, would go on to captain the Hindus in 1923, following a campaign to accord recognition to the Palwankar brothers in the wake of the anti-casteism advocated during the [[Indian Independence Movement]].

The next year, 1907, saw the first Triangular tournament featuring teams from the Bombay and Hindu Gymkhanas as well as the Zoroastrian Cricket Club. From 1907 to 1911 the tournament was played in September, with the Parsis winning three times and the Europeans twice.

==Bombay Quadrangular==
In 1912, the [[Muslims]] of the Mohammedan Gymkhana were invited to the now famous Bombay tournament, making it a Quadrangular. The tournament was held throughout [[World War I]], but poor weather at the end of the [[monsoon]] season rained out four of the six finals played up until 1916. In 1917, the Quadrangular was moved to November/December to avoid such problems. Another change for the 1917 tournament was the use of neutral [[umpire (cricket)|umpire]]s for the first time. Up to this season, a European umpire appointed by the Bombay Gymkhana had always officiated, but from now on the umpires for any match would be supplied by the non-competing teams. This was one of the first uses of neutral umpires in world cricket.

The Quadrangular became more popular than its predecessor, and for many years formed the highlight of the Bombay year. This was against the backdrop of [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]]'s campaigns for the [[Indian Home Rule movement|Indian home rule]]. Gandhi and his followers were critical of the Quadrangular, seeing the tournament as having the effect of quelling opposition to [[British Raj|British colonial rule]] by ensuring continued support toward Britain's presence and cultural influence on the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Gandhi, who had himself played cricket as a schoolboy, was not against having a cricket tournament, but was opposed to having teams formed on the basis of their religion. In 1940 he is known to have asked the "sporting public of Bombay to revise their sporting code and to erase from it communal matches."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/09/30/stories/0730028p.htm | work = The Hindu | author = Ramachandra Guha | title = Gandhi and cricket | date = 30 September 2001 | access-date = 25 October 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061011044955/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/09/30/stories/0730028p.htm | archive-date = 11 October 2006 | url-status = usurped }}</ref>

The 1921 tournament attracted particular attention, as [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|the Prince of Wales]] visited Bombay during it. His arrival sparked three days of political rioting in Bombay, but did not disrupt the tournament. After the riots had ended, he attended the first day of the final, accepting cheers from a pro-European crowd, who eventually witnessed the Parsis prevail over the Bombay Gymkhana.

By the 1920s, the Gymkhanas were recruiting players from all over the [[Indian subcontinent]], making the Bombay Quadrangular the biggest and most influential cricket tournament in India. It also inspired other local competitions, including a Triangular in [[Lahore]] and Quadrangulars in [[Nagpur]] and [[Karachi]], that led to the rapid development of cricket throughout the region. Although the Quadrangular partly quelled discrimination on racial or [[caste]] lines, the question of religion came up in 1924. The Hindu Gymkhana initially extended an invitation to P. A. Kanickam of [[Bangalore]] to play for them. Later they discovered that the player was not a Hindu, but a [[Christians|Christian]], and withdrew their invitation. With the Europeans not accepting Indians, and the Hindus not accepting Christians, Kanickam had no way of playing in the tournament.

In 1930, Gandhi's campaign reached a climax with the [[Salt Satyagraha]], provoking [[civil disobedience]] and the arrests of 60,000 Indians. Amidst this political turmoil, the Quadrangular tournament was cancelled. It was not held again until 1934, when the cricket-starved public enthusiastically supported its reinstatement. In 1935, the sports editor of the nationalist ''Bombay Chronicle'', J. C. Maitra, suggested the Quadrangular be replaced with a geographic-zone-based tournament, to remove the racial and religious overtones. A newspaper correspondent argued an opposite case, for expansion into a Pentangular, with a team for Indian Christians. The public however clamoured for the traditional format and these suggestions were ignored.

==Bombay Pentangular==
Finally, in 1937, a fifth team, called [[The Rest (Bombay) cricket team|The Rest]], was admitted to the tournament. It comprised [[Buddhist]]s, [[Jew]]s, and Indian Christians. On the odd occasion, players from [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] appeared for them including at least one Hindu. The first Pentangular, however, was played between just four teams, as the Hindus withdrew in protest over not being allocated what they considered a fair share of seats in the new [[Brabourne Stadium]].

From 1938, the Pentangular attracted growing criticism as being divisive because of the [[Communalism (South Asia)|communalism]] implicit in the makeup of the teams. This was exacerbated by the growing political movement for Indian independence, which wished to foster unity amongst Indians as opposed to competition. Eventually, amidst a backdrop of rioting and political unrest across India, the newly formed [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] announced in 1946 that the Pentangular tournament was being abandoned, and being replaced by a zonal competition. The [[Ranji Trophy]], in which regional teams from all over India compete, became the pre-eminent Indian cricket competition.

==Tournament winners==

===Bombay Presidency winners===
* 1892-93 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1893-94 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1894-95 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1895-96 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1896-97 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1897-98 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1898-99 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1899-1900 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1900-01 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1901-02 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1902-03 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1903-04 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1904-05 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1905-06 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1906-07 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

===Bombay Triangular winners===
* 1907-08 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1908-09 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1909-10 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1910-11 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1911-12 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

===Bombay Quadrangular winners===
* 1912-13 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1913-14 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1914-15 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1915-16 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1916-17 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1917-18 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] shared with [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1918-19 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1919-20 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1920-21 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]] and [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]] shared
* 1921-22 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1922-23 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1923-24 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1924-25 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1925-26 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1926-27 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1927-28 – [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]]
* 1928-29 – [[Parsees cricket team|Parsees]]
* 1929-30 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1930-31 – ''not contested''
* 1931-32 – ''not contested''
* 1932-33 – ''not contested''
* 1933-34 – ''not contested''
* 1934-35 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1935-36 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1936-37 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

===Bombay Pentangular winners===
* 1937-38 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1938-39 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1939-40 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1940-41 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1941-42 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1942-43 – ''not contested''
* 1943-44 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]
* 1944-45 – [[Muslims cricket team|Muslims]]
* 1945-46 – [[Hindus cricket team|Hindus]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* [[Vasant Raiji]], ''India's Hambledon Men'', Tyeby Press, 1986
* Vasant Raiji and Mohandas Menon, ''Story of the Bombay Tournament, from Presidency to Pentangular, 1892–93 to 1945–46'', Ernest Publications (Mumbai), 2006.
* [[Mihir Bose]], ''A History of Indian Cricket'', [[Andre Deutsch]], 1990
* {{cite book|author=[[Ramachandra Guha|Guha, Ramachandra]]|title=A Corner of a Foreign Field – An Indian History of a British Sport|publisher=[[Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|date=September 2014|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/a-corner-of-a-foreign-field/|isbn=9780143427681|pages=568|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929171136/https://penguin.co.in/book/a-corner-of-a-foreign-field/}}

[[Category:Indian domestic cricket competitions]]
[[Category:Cricket in Mumbai]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]
[[Category:1892 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1946 disestablishments in India]]

Dak edition

2023-07-21T02:44:51Z

UlrikeWeber: done

'''Dak edition''', in [[India]], is the edition of a newspaper published earlier than other editions in order to be distributed to [[Wiktionary:mofussil|mofussil]] areas (i.e. places outside of major [[metropolitan area]]s).<ref name="Wharton2010">{{cite web|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4439|title=Medium for the Masses: How India's Local Newspapers Are Winning Rural Readers|date=2010-01-14|work=India Knowledge@Wharton |publisher= Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|accessdate=19 February 2012|location=University of Pennsylvania}}</ref> [[Shashi Tharoor]] provides his description of 1960s Dak edition as "yesterday's news with today's date on it.<ref name="Tharoor">{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?267558 |title=WHAT THE HACK! |last=Tharoor |first=Shashi |date=2010-11-01 |work=www.outlookindia.com |publisher=The Outlook Group |accessdate=19 February 2012 |location=New Delhi |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105024335/http://outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?267558 |archivedate=5 January 2013 }}</ref> Aggarwal states that it is the responsibility of the news editor to schedule the printing of the dak edition which he describes as meant for distant places as different from "city edition", which intended for the city in which it is printed.<ref name="Aggarwal2006">{{cite book|author=Vir Bala Aggarwal|title=Essentials Of Practical Journalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7_DtngZLogC&pg=PA19|accessdate=20 February 2012|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-251-2|pages=19–}}</ref> Naqvi states that there are many editions of a paper such as dak edition, city edition and late city edition.<ref name="Naqvi2007">{{cite book|author=Hena Naqvi|title=Journalism And Mass Communication|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lK33gVRecuIC&pg=PA173|accessdate=20 February 2012|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Upkar Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7482-108-9|pages=173–}}</ref> A dispatch appearing in ''Allen's Indian Mail'' (1851) uses the term describing it as very different from the morning edition.<ref name="Allen's Indian mail, and register of intelligence for British and foreign India, China, and all parts of the East">{{cite book|title=Allen's Indian mail, and register of intelligence for British and foreign India, China, and all parts of the East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA607|accessdate=20 February 2012|year=1851|pages=607–}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Dak spelt dawk in [[Hobson-Jobson]] is an [[Anglo-Indian#Britons in the British East Indies and British India|Anglo-Indian]] word, described as having been derived from [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ''dak'' meaning post.<ref name="YuleBurnell1996">{{cite book|author1=Henry Yule|author2=A. C. Burnell|author3=William Crooke|title=A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases: Hobson-Jobson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&pg=PA930|accessdate=20 February 2012|date=11 January 1996|publisher=Curzon Press|isbn=978-0-7007-0321-0|pages=930–}}</ref> Handbook Of Advertising Media And Public Relations advises that press conferences should be scheduled early so that content would be available for the dak edition.<ref name="Gupta2005">{{cite book|author=Deepak Gupta|title=Handbook Of Advertising Media And Public Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GZZWBRy2BwC&pg=PA452|accessdate=20 February 2012|year=2005|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-987-4|pages=452–}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Newspaper publishing in India]]

Pure Thamman

2023-06-18T01:18:52Z

UlrikeWeber: Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pure Thamman
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Pura Thamman
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Dih block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Pure Thamman (#356) in Dih CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.091016|N|81.473868|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.514
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 987
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pure Thamman''' is a village in [[Dih, Raebareli|Dih]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=393–409 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 28 km from [[Salon, India|Salon]], the [[tehsil]] headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 987 people, in 187 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities, and it does not host a permanent market or a weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of [[Atawan]].<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Pure Thamman as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 379 people (184 male and 195 female), in 73 households and 65 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=166–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 128 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 31 residents were literate, all male.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of [[Parshadepur]] and the [[thana]] of [[Salon, India|Salon]].<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Pure Thamman as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 351 people (172 male and 179 female), in 84 households and 80 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=civ-cv of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 128 acres.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Pure Thamman as having a population of 459 people, in 109 households, and having an area of 50.99 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=210–1 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Pure Thamman as having a total population of 588 people (293 male and 295 female), in 126 households and 126 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 246–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 51 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 121, or 21% of the total; this group was 57% male (69) and 43% female (52).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 20% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 37% (156 men and 62 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 192 people were classified as main workers (138 men and 54 women), while 17 people were classified as marginal workers (4 men and 13 women); the remaining 379 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 162 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 13 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 2 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 0 household industry workers; 4 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 0 [[construction worker]]s; 1 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 10 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

Deshmukh (name)

2023-04-13T20:11:17Z

UlrikeWeber: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Deshmukh]]

Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar

2021-12-30T11:36:51Z

UlrikeWeber: minor cleanup details as per guidelines and improved wording

#REDIRECT [[List of career achievements by Sachin Tendulkar]]

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Hisar, Haryana

2015-12-25T03:21:29Z

UlrikeWeber: starting new info!

#REDIRECT [[Hisar (city)]]