https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=UikghhBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-08T09:39:07ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Current_Indian_chief_ministers&diff=552822Template:Current Indian chief ministers2026-08-07T19:45:54Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{navbox with columns<br />
|name = Current Indian chief ministers<br />
|title= Lists of [[Chief minister (India)|chief ministers]] of [[States and union territories of India|Indian states and union territories]] (and [[List of current Indian chief ministers|current incumbents]])<br />
|bodyclass = hlist<br />
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}<br />
|fullwidth = y<br />
|col1 = {{navbox|subgroup<br />
|group1= [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] |list1= [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<br />
|group2= [[List of chief ministers of Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]] |list2= [[Pema Khandu]]<br />
|group3= [[List of chief ministers of Assam|Assam]] |list3= [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]<br />
|group4= [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|Bihar]] |list4= [[Samrat Choudhary]]<br />
|group5= [[List of chief ministers of Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]] |list5= [[Ramen Deka]]<br />
|group6= [[List of chief ministers of Delhi|Delhi]] |list6= [[Rekha Gupta]]<br />
|group7= [[List of chief ministers of Goa|Goa]]<br />
|list7= [[Pramod Sawant]]<br />
|group8= [[List of chief ministers of Gujarat|Gujarat]] |list8= [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]<br />
|group9= [[List of chief ministers of Haryana|Haryana]] |list9= [[Nayab Singh Saini]]<br />
|group10= [[List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] |list10= [[Jai Ram Thakur]]<br />
|group11= [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|list11= [[Omar Abdullah]]<br />
}}<br />
|col2 = {{navbox|subgroup<br />
|group1= [[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]<br />
|list1= [[Hemant Soren]]<br />
|group2= [[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|Karnataka]]<br />
|list2= [[D. K. Shivakumar]]<br />
|group3= [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Kerala]] |list3= [[V. D. Satheesan]]<br />
|group4= [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] |list4= [[Mohan Yadav]]<br />
|group5= [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] |list5= [[Devendra Fadnavis]]<br />
|group6= [[List of chief ministers of Manipur|Manipur]] |list6= [[Yumnam Khemchand Singh]]<br />
|group7= [[List of chief ministers of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]<br />
|list7= [[Conrad Sangma]]<br />
|group8= [[List of chief ministers of Mizoram|Mizoram]] |list8= [[Lalduhoma]]<br />
|group9= [[List of chief ministers of Nagaland|Nagaland]]<br />
|list9= [[Neiphiu Rio]]<br />
|group10= [[List of chief ministers of Odisha|Odisha]] |list10= [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]<br />
|group11= [[List of chief ministers of Puducherry|Puducherry]]<br />
|list11= [[N. Rangaswamy]]<br />
}}<br />
|col3 = {{navbox|subgroup<br />
|group1= [[List of chief ministers of Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|list1= [[Bhagwant Mann]]<br />
|group2= [[List of chief ministers of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]<br />
|list2= [[Bhajan Lal Sharma]]<br />
|group3= [[List of chief ministers of Sikkim|Sikkim]] |list3= [[Prem Singh Tamang]]<br />
|group4= [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|list4= [[C. Joseph Vijay]]<br />
|group5= [[List of chief ministers of Telangana|Telangana]]<br />
|list5= [[Revanth Reddy]]<br />
|group6= [[List of chief ministers of Tripura|Tripura]] |list6= [[Manik Saha]]<br />
|group7= [[List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|list7= [[Yogi Adityanath]]<br />
|group8= [[List of chief ministers of Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]] |list8= [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]<br />
|group9= [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|West Bengal]]<br />
|list9= [[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
}}<br />
| below =<br />
* [[List of longest-serving Indian chief ministers|Longest-serving chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of female Indian chief ministers|Women chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party|From the Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
* [[List of chief ministers from the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|From the Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
* [[List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress|From the Indian National Congress]]<br />
<br />
}}<noinclude><br />
{{collapsible option}}<br />
[[Category:India political leader navigational boxes]]<br />
</noinclude></div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Current_Indian_governors&diff=552821Template:Current Indian governors2026-08-07T19:40:32Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Navbox with columns<br />
|name = Current Indian governors<br />
|title = Lists of [[Governor (India)|governors]] of the [[States and union territories of India|states of India]] (and [[List of current Indian governors|current incumbents]])<br />
|state = <includeonly>collapsed</includeonly><br />
|fullwidth = y<br />
<br />
|col1 = {{navbox|subgroup<br />
|group1= [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|list1= [[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]<br />
|group2= [[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]] |list2= [[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]<br />
|group3= [[List of governors of Assam|Assam]]<br />
|list3= [[Lakshman Acharya]]<br />
|group4= [[List of governors of Bihar|Bihar]]<br />
|list4= [[Syed Ata Hasnain]]<br />
|group5= [[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|list5= [[Ramen Deka]]<br />
|group6= [[List of governors of Goa|Goa]]<br />
|list6= [[Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]<br />
|group7= [[List of governors of Gujarat|Gujarat]]<br />
|list7= [[Acharya Devvrat]]<br />
|group8= [[List of governors of Haryana|Haryana]]<br />
|list8= [[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]<br />
|group9= [[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
|list9= [[Kavinder Gupta]]<br />
|group10= [[List of governors of Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]<br />
|list10= [[Santosh Gangwar]]<br />
}}<br />
|col2 = {{navbox|subgroup<br />
|group1= [[List of governors of Karnataka|Karnataka]]<br />
|list1= [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]<br />
|group2= [[List of governors of Kerala|Kerala]]<br />
|list2= [[Rajendra Arlekar]]<br />
|group3= [[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
|list3= ''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]] <br />
|group4= [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]<br />
|list4= [[Jishnu Dev Varma]]<br />
|group5= [[List of governors of Manipur|Manipur]]<br />
|list5= [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]<br />
|group6= [[List of governors of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]<br />
|list6= [[C. H. Vijayashankar]]<br />
|group7= [[List of governors of Mizoram|Mizoram]]<br />
|list7= [[V. K. Singh]]<br />
|group8= [[List of governors of Nagaland|Nagaland]]<br />
|list8= [[Nand Kishore Yadav]]<br />
|group9= [[List of governors of Odisha|Odisha]]<br />
|list9= [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]<br />
|group10= [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|list10= [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]<br />
}}<br />
|col3 = {{navbox|subgroup<br />
|group1= [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]<br />
|list1= [[Haribhau Bagade]]<br />
|group2= [[List of governors of Sikkim|Sikkim]]<br />
|list2= [[Om Prakash Mathur]]<br />
|group3= [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|list3= [[Rajendra Arlekar]] {{small|(additional charge)}}<br />
|group4= [[List of governors of Telangana|Telangana]]<br />
|list4= [[Shiv Pratap Shukla]] <br />
|group5= [[List of governors of Tripura|Tripura]]<br />
|list5= [[N. Indrasena Reddy]]<br />
|group6= [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|list6= [[Anandiben Patel]]<br />
|group7= [[List of governors of Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]<br />
|list7= [[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]<br />
|group8= [[List of governors of West Bengal|West Bengal]]<br />
|list8= [[R. N. Ravi]]<br />
}}<br />
| below =<br />
* [[Raj Bhavan|Official residence]]<br />
* [[List of female Indian governors and lieutenant governors|Women governors]]<br />
}}<noinclude><br />
[[Category:India templates]]<br />
</noinclude></div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Politics_of_India&diff=552820Template:Politics of India2026-08-07T19:33:51Z<p>Uikghh: Updated information</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Sidebar with collapsible lists<br />
| name = Politics of India<br />
| bodyclass = vcard hlist<br />
| listtitlestyle = text-align:center; background:lavender;<br />
| title = {{Politics sidebar title |country=India |image=Emblem of India.svg |size=70px |title=India}}<br />
<br />
| list1title = [[Government of India|Federal government]]<br />
| list1 =<br />
* '''[[Constitution of India]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[Law of India|Law]]<br />
* [[Human rights in India|Human rights]]<br />
----<br />
* [[Indian Penal Code]]<br />
* [[Law enforcement in India|Law enforcement]]<br />
<br />
| list2title = [[Parliament of India|Legislature]]<br />
| list2 =<br />
'''[[Parliament of India]]'''<br />
----<br />
* '''[[Lok Sabha]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]] [[Om Birla]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br />
<br />
* [[Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)|House Leader]] [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br />
<br />
* [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Opposition Leader]] ''Vacant''<br />
----<br />
* '''[[Rajya Sabha]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[Vice President of India|Chairman]] [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br />
<br />
* [[Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)|House Leader]] [[J. P. Nadda]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br />
<br />
* [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Opposition Leader]] [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])<br />
<br />
| list3title = [[Executive (government)|Executive]]<br />
| list3 =<br />
* '''[[President of India]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[Droupadi Murmu]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br />
<br />
* '''[[Vice President of India]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br />
----<br />
* '''[[Prime Minister of India]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br />
----<br />
* [[Union Council of Ministers]]<br />
* [[Cabinet Secretary of India|Cabinet secretary]]<br />
<br />
| list4title = [[Judiciary of India|Judiciary]]<br />
| list4 =<br />
* '''[[Supreme Court of India]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] [[Surya Kant]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India|Justices]] {{small|[[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India|(List)]]}}<br />
----<br />
* [[District Courts of India|District Courts]]<br />
* [[Tribunals in India|Other tribunals]]<br />
<br />
| list5title = [[Elections in India|Elections]]<br />
| list5 =<br />
* '''General elections''' <br />
<br />
* [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
* [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
* [[2019 Indian general election|''2019'']]<br />
----<br />
* '''[[State Assembly elections in India|State elections]]'''<br />
<br />
* [[2017 elections in India|2017]]<br />
* [[2018 elections in India|2018]]<br />
* [[2019 elections in India|''2019'']]<br />
<br />
| list6title = [[List of political parties in India|Political parties]]<br />
| list6 =<br />
'''National coalitions'''<br />
<br />
* [[National Democratic Alliance|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA)<br />
<br />
* [[United Progressive Alliance|United Progressive Alliance]] (UPA)<br />
----<br />
* [[List of political parties in India#National parties|National parties]]<br />
* [[List of political parties in India#State parties|State parties]]<br />
<br />
| list7title = [[Federalism in India|Federalism]]<br />
| list7 =<br />
* '''[[State governments of India|State Government]]'''<br />
----<br />
* [[List of current Indian governors|Governors]]<br />
<br />
* [[State governments of India#Legislative Assembly|Legislatures]] ([[State governments of India#Legislative Assembly#Membership and terms of office|List]])<br />
<br />
* [[High courts of India|High Courts]]<br />
<br />
** [[Local government in India|Local government]]<br />
| below = {{portal-inline|India}} {{Politics sidebar below|India|portal=Government of India}}<br />
<br />
}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude></div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552819Governor (India)2026-08-07T19:31:57Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
<br />
=== Legend ===<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder <br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashok Gajapathi Raju.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Records ===<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rashbehari_Assembly_constituency&diff=552816Rashbehari Assembly constituency2026-08-07T17:17:38Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian state legislative assembly constituency<br />
| name = Rashbehari<br />
| parl_name = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Rashbehari.map}}<br />
| image_size = 300<br />
| caption = Interactive Map Outlining Rashbehari Assembly Constituency<br />
| alt = <br />
| mla = [[Swapan Dasgupta]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| alliance =[[National Democratic Alliance]] <br />
| year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]<br />
| constituency = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]<br />
| constituency_no = 160<br />
| established = 1957<br />
| electors = 205,959<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| abolished = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rashbehari Assembly constituency''' is a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 160 Rashbehari Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Ward Nos. [[Ward No. 81, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|81]], [[Ward No. 83, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|83]], [[Ward No. 84, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|84]], [[Ward No. 86, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|86]], [[Ward No. 87, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|87]], [[Ward No. 88, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|88]], [[Ward No. 89, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|89]], [[Ward No. 90, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|90]] and [[Ward No. 93, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|93]] of Kolkata Municipal Corporation.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 22 February 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher=Election Commission}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rashbehari Assembly constituency is part of No. 23 [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)]] .<ref name=delimitation/><br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Election Year!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party Affiliation<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}"|<br />
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|[[Sunil Das]]<br />
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 148|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}"|<br />
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Bejoy Kumar Banerjee]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 116|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 138|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 138 |publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Lakshmi Kanta Basu]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 138|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 138|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]||[[Ashok Mitra]]||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Hoimi Basu]]<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149| publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|By-election|Bye-election, 1998<br />
|rowspan="5"|[[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]<br />
|rowspan="6"|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 149|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 160 |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|[[Debasish Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
|[[Swapan Dasgupta]] <br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Rashbehari Avenue|Rashbehari]] }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Debasish Kumar]]<br />
|votes = 65,704<br />
|percentage = 52.79<br />
|change = +8.64<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Lt. Gen. (Dr.) Subrata Saha<br />
|votes = 44,290<br />
|percentage = 35.59<br />
|change = +18.63<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Ashutosh Chatterjee<br />
|votes = 10,314<br />
|percentage = 8.29<br />
|change = -25.30<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the Above<br />
|votes = 1,662<br />
|percentage = 1.34<br />
|change = -1.47<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]<br />
|candidate = Preetam Kundu<br />
|votes = 669<br />
|percentage = 0.54<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 21,414<br />
|percentage = 17.39<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,24,805<br />
|percentage = 60.58<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser =<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Rashbehari Avenue|Rashbehari]] }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]<br />
|votes = 60,857<br />
|percentage = 44.15<br />
|change = -21.40<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Ashutosh Chatterjee<br />
|votes = 46,304<br />
|percentage = 33.59<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Samir Banerjee<br />
|votes = 23,381<br />
|percentage = 16.96<br />
|change = +13.19<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the Above<br />
|votes = 3,872<br />
|percentage = 2.81<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Swati Ghosh<br />
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br />
|votes = 1,335<br />
|percentage = 0.97<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 14,553<br />
|percentage = 10.56<br />
|change = -26.23<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,37,857<br />
|percentage = 66.94<br />
|change = -0.72<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing = -21.40<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2011===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Rashbehari Avenue|Rashbehari]]}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]<br />
|votes = 88,892<br />
|percentage = 65.55<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|candidate = Shantanu Basu <br />
|votes = 38,998<br />
|percentage = 28.76<br />
|change = <br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Jiban Kumar Sen<br />
|votes = 5,108<br />
|percentage = 3.77<br />
|change = <br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Lok Janshakti Party<br />
|candidate = Mita Biswas<br />
|votes = 1,059<br />
|percentage = 0.78<br />
|change = <br />
}} <br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 49,894<br />
|percentage = 36.79<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,35,603<br />
|percentage = 67.66<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box win|<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Kolkata constituencies}}<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{West Bengal elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandigram_Assembly_constituency&diff=552815Nandigram Assembly constituency2026-08-07T17:14:16Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal, India|its namesake community development block|Nandigram I|its another namesake community development block|Nandigram II|}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Nandigram<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Nandigram.map}}<br />
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Nandigram Assembly Constituency<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| mla = Vacant<br />
| party = <br />
| alliance = <br />
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| district = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Tamluk Lok Sabha constituency|Tamluk]]<br />
| constituency_no = 210<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| electors = 267,608<br />
| reservation = General<br />
| abolished = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nandigram Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 210 Nandigram Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Nandigram I]] and [[Nandigram II]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 6 August 2015| work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nandigram Assembly constituency is part of No. 30 [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
===1951 to 1967 (Nandigram North and Nandigram South) ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br /> Year!!Constituency!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party affiliation<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]||Nandigram North||Subodh Chandra Maity||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. 176 |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Nandigram South||Prabir Chandra Jana||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1952/><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||Nandigram North||Subodh Chandra Maity||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 129|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Nandigram South||[[Bhupal Chandra Panda]]||[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957/><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||Nandigram North||Subodh Chandra Maity||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 127|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Nandigram South||Prabir Chandra Jana||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===1967 to present (as Nandigram)===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Election<br />
!Member<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|rowspan=4|[[Bhupal Chandra Panda]]<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 146|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 146|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 2 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| Prabir Jana<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
| [[Bhupal Chandra Panda]]<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
| rowspan=2|Sakti Bal<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
| Debi Sankar Panda<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|rowspan=2| [[Sheikh Mohammad Illias]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite news |url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cpi-mla-from-nandigram-resigns-over-bribery-charge/359842/ |title = CPI MLA from Nandigram resigns over bribery charge |publisher = The Indian Express, 11 September 2008| access-date=2010-12-10 }}</ref><ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 elections in India|2009 (By-election)]]<br />
| rowspan=2| [[Firoja Bibi|Phiroja Bibi]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
| rowspan=3 |[[Suvendu Adhikari]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
|-<br />
|2026^<br />
|TBA<br />
|TBA<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
===2026===<br />
Bypoll<br />
<br />
Date: Within 9 November 2026<br />
<br />
Swing:<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable '"<br />
!Party<br />
!Candidate<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!+%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|NCPI<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|AJUP<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|NOTA<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Nandigram}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Suvendu Adhikari]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=127,301{{formatnum:}}|percentage=50.37|change={{increase}}}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pabitra Kar|party=Trinamool Congress|votes=117,636{{formatnum:}}|percentage=46.55|change={{decrease}}}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Shanti Giri|party=Communist Party of India|votes={{formatnum:2,997}}|percentage=1.19|change={{decrease}}}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ali Md Sabe Miraj Khan|party=Indian Secular Front|votes={{formatnum:1,898}}|percentage=0.75|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:919}}|percentage=0.36|change={{decrease}}}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sekh Jariatul Hossain|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:794}}|percentage=0.31|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:9665}}|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:252722}}|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = BJP<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
{{Main|2021 Nandigram Assembly election}}<br />
<br />
In the 2021 elections, [[Suvendu Adhikari]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] defeated his nearest rival and incumbent chief minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] of [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]].{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Nandigram]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-02|title=Nandigram: After Hours of Confusion, BJP's Suvendu Adhikari Emerges Winner|url=https://thewire.in/politics/nandigram-election-bengal-mamata-banerjee-suvendu-adhikari|work=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|access-date=2021-05-02|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503202328/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nandigram Election Result 2021 LIVE: Nandigram MLA Election Result & Vote Share|url=https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/|work=Oneindia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nandigram Assembly Election Results 2021 LIVE - Nandigram Vidhan Sabha Election Results|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|work=Times Now}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=210|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/AE2021/Form20/210_Form20.pdf|work=Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal|access-date=2021-11-17}}</ref> }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:110764}}<br />
|percentage = 48.49<br />
|change = {{increase}}43.09<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Mamata Banerjee]]|votes={{formatnum:108808}}|percentage=47.64|change={{decrease}}19.56}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Minakshi Mukherjee]]|votes={{formatnum:6267}}|percentage=2.74|change={{decrease}}23.96}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the Above|votes={{formatnum:1090}}|percentage=0.48|change={{decrease}}0.15}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes={{formatnum:1956}}|percentage=0.85|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum:228467}}|percentage=88.55|change={{increase}}1.58}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing =31.33 <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2016===<br />
In the 2016 elections, [[Suvendu Adhikari]] of [[Trinamool Congress]] defeated his nearest rival Abdul Kabir Sekh of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Nandigram]]<ref name="Nandigram" /><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=210| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519164924/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=210| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Nandigram| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Nandigram |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-01 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
|votes = 134,623<br />
|percentage = 67.20<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Abdul Kabir Sekh|votes=53,393|percentage=26.70|change=}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Bijon Kumar Das|votes=10,713|percentage=5.40|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Bappaditya Nayak|votes=828|percentage=0.40|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Navshakti Party|candidate=Ram Mohan Maity|votes=717|percentage=0.40|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=1278|percentage=0.63|change=''N/A''}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=81,230|percentage=40.60|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,01,659|percentage=86.97|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing =7.32<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2011===<br />
In the 2011 elections, [[Firoja Bibi]] of Trinamool Congress defeated her nearest rival Paramananda Bharati of CPI.<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Nandigram]]<ref name="Nandigram">{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm|title=Nandigram|work=Assembly Elections May 2011 Results|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2011-05-17|archive-date=16 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516050812/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=210|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519164924/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=210|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011|work=Nandigram|publisher=Empowering India|access-date=2011-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf|title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011|work=Nandigram|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date =2011-05-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf|archive-date=2011-09-12}}</ref> }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Firoja Bibi]]|votes=103,300|percentage=61.21|change=+2.93}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Paramananda Bharati|votes=59,660|percentage=35.35|change=-4.00}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Bijan Kumar Das|votes=5,813|percentage=1.72|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
|party = PDCI<br />
|candidate = Mehedi Masud Sekh<br />
|votes = 2,898<br />
|percentage = 1.69<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=43,640|percentage=25.42|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,71,671|percentage=87.93|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing =3.47 <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
====2009 by-election====<br />
The bypoll to the Nandigram Occurred On 5 January 2009 Due To Resignation of the sitting MLA of CPI Md. Iliyas Sk.<br />
{{Election box begin | title=Bye election, 2009: Nandigram<ref name=vidhansabha2011by>{{cite web| url = http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/mamata-banerjee-wins-assembly-bypoll_591641.html | title = Mamata Banerjee wins assembly bypoll | access-date = 28 September 2011 | publisher = PTI, 28 September 2011 }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Firoja Bibi]]<br />
|votes = 93,022<br />
|percentage = 58.28<br />
|change = +12.41<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Communist Party of India<br />
|candidate = Paramananda Bharati<br />
|votes = 53,473<br />
|percentage = 39.35<br />
|change = -13.36<br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Bijan Kumar Das<br />
|votes = 9,813<br />
|percentage = 1.72<br />
|change = <br />
}} <br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = 39,549<br />
|percentage = 23.43<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 1,53,407<br />
|percentage = 84.75<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|loser = Communist Party of India<br />
|swing = 25.77<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<small>. Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together, as well as the CPI vote percentage, in 2006. Data for comparison not available for the 2009 by-election.</small><br />
<br />
===2006===<br />
* [[Sheikh Mohammad Illias]] (CPI): 69,376 votes<ref name="resultuniversity.com">{{Cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/nandigram-west-bengal-assembly-constituency|title=Nandigram Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency|website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><br />
* Sk Supian (AITC): 64,553<br />
* Anwar Ali (Congress): 4,943 votes<br />
<br />
===1996===<br />
* Debisankar Panda (Congress): 61,885 votes<ref name="resultuniversity.com"/><br />
* Sakti Bal (CPI): 61747<br />
* Joydeb Satpati (BJP): 1,508 votes<br />
<br />
===1977–2009===<br />
In the bye election, necessitated by the resignation of the sitting MLA [[Sheikh Mohammad Illias]] on corruption charges, held in January 2009 in the background of [[Nandigram violence]], Firoja Bibi of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] defeated Paramananda Bharati of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/000200901091322.htm |title = State By-Elections 2009 – Trinamool Congress wins Nandigram bypoll |publisher = The Hindu, 9 January 2009 |access-date = 2010-12-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100615053836/http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/000200901091322.htm |archive-date = 15 June 2010 |url-status = usurped }}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com"/><br />
<br />
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]] and 2001 state assembly elections, [[Sheikh Mohammad Illias]] of CPI won the 206 Nandigram assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Sk. Supian of Trinamool Congress in 2006 and Sunil Baran Maiti of Trinamool Congress in 2001. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Debisankar Panda of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] defeated Sakti Bal of CPI in 1996. Sakti Bal of CPI defeated Debi Sankar Panda of Congress in 1991 and 1987. Bhupal Chandra Panda of CPI defeated Ramesh Chandra Gharai of Congress in 1982. Prabir Jana of [[Janata Party]] defeated [[Bhupal Chandra Panda]] of CPI in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp206.htm |title = 206 – Nandigram Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-07}}</ref><br />
<br />
===1967–1972===<br />
[[Bhupal Chandra Panda]] of CPI won in 1972, 1971, 1969 and 1967. Prior to that Nandigram had two seats, Nandigram North and Nandigram South.<ref name=archive>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-01 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===1951–1962 Nandigram North===<br />
Subodh Chandra Maity of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]], [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]] and in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]].<ref name=archive/><br />
<br />
===1951–1962 Nandigram South===<br />
Prabir Chandra Jana of Congress won in 1962. [[Bhupal Chandra Panda]] of CPI won in 1957. In independent India's first election in 1951, Prabir Chandra Jana of Congress won the Nandigram South seat.<ref name=archive/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[2021 Nandigram controversy]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Purba Medinipur topics}}<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{West Bengal elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Purba Medinipur district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Mamata Banerjee]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal&diff=552814Chief Minister of West Bengal2026-08-07T16:39:19Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Head of Government of West Bengal}}<br />
{{pp-dispute|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox political post<br />
| post = Chief Minister<br />
| body = West Bengal<br />
| native_name = {{transliteration|ba|ISO|Paścimavaṅgera Mukhyamantrī}} ([[ISO 15919|ISO]])<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India (brown).svg<br />
| insigniasize = 100px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of West Bengal]]<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| flagsize = 125px<br />
| flagborder = yes<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| incumbent = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 9 May 2026<br />
| department = {{ubl|[[Writers' Building|Chief Minister's Office]]|[[Government of West Bengal]]}}<br />
| style = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[The Honourable]] (formal)<br />
* [[Mister|Mr. Chief Minister]] (informal)<br />
* [[Excellency|His Excellency]] (diplomatic)}}<br />
| type = [[Government of West Bengal|Head of government]]<br />
| status = Leader of the Executive<br />
| abbreviation = CM<br />
| member_of = {{Hlist|[[Government of West Bengal#Council of Ministers|State Cabinet]]|[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]}}<br />
| appointer = [[Governor of West Bengal]]<br />
| appointer_qualified = by [[Political convention|convention]] based on appointees ability to command [[confidence]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| reportsto = * [[Governor of West Bengal]]<br />
* [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| inaugural = [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]] (as Premier) <br/> [[Bidhan Chandra Ray]] (as Chief Minister)<br />
| formation = {{Start date and age|1947|08|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}}<br />
| residence = <br />
| seat = [[Writer's Building]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
| precursor = [[Prime Minister of Bengal]]<br />
| termlength = At the confidence of the assembly<br />
| termlength_qualified = Chief Minister's term is for five years and is subject to no [[term limit]]s.<ref name="term1">[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. Note: Although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of West Bengal as well.</ref><br />
| nominator = MLAs of the majority party or alliance<br />
| salary = *{{INRConvert|117000}}/monthly<br />
*{{INRConvert|1404000}}/annually<br />
| imagecaption = <br />
| website = {{URL|https://cm.wb.gov.in/ncmo/Portal_Home.aspx|CMO West Bengal}}<br />
| deputy = [[List of deputy chief ministers of West Bengal|Deputy Chief Minister]] (vacant)<br />
| image = Shri Suvendu Adhikari, CM of West Bengal (cropped).jpg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Chief Minister of West Bengal''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: {{transliteration|ba|ISO|Paścimavaṅgera Mukhyamantrī}}) is the ''[[de facto]]'' head of the executive branch of the [[Government of West Bengal]], the subnational authority of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The chief minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and advises the governor on the appointment of ministers. Along with the council of ministers, the chief minister exercises executive authority in the state. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose [[Cabinet (government)|council of ministers]] are [[Cabinet collective responsibility|collectively responsible]] to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. The chief minister also serves as the Leader of the House in the Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leader of the House – Legislative Assembly |url=https://apuat21.cgg.gov.in/web/legislative-assembly/leader-of-the-house}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 17 August 1947, the former [[British Raj|British Indian]] province of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] was [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partitioned]] into the Pakistani province of [[East Bengal]] and the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. Since then, West Bengal has had eight chief ministers. [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) became the state's first head of government as ''premier'' before the office of chief minister formally came into effect.<ref>[http://members.tripod.com/~tanmoy/bengal/modern.html Modern Bengal] ''A Short History of Bengal''. Retrieved 18 April 2009.</ref> Following the adoption of the [[Constitution of India]] on 26 January 1950, [[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy]] became the first chief minister of West Bengal. A period of political instability followed between 1967 and 1972, during which the state witnessed three assembly elections, four coalition governments and three periods of [[President's rule]].<ref name=assembly>[http://wbassembly.gov.in/origin_growth.aspx Origin and Growth of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Retrieved on 27 July 2018.<!-- In case this source goes dead, a copy has been saved at [[Talk:List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal/Origin]].--><br />Note: In case of an error, please click the "Origin & Growth" button in the top left of the website.</ref> [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]] of the INC subsequently became the first chief minister after this phase to complete a full five-year term.<br />
<br />
The victory of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]-led [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] in the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977 assembly election]] marked the beginning of 34 years of Left Front rule in West Bengal. [[Jyoti Basu]] served continuously as chief minister for over 23 years, the longest uninterrupted tenure by any chief minister in India at the time. His record was surpassed in 2018 by [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] of Sikkim.<ref>"[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pawan-kumar-chamling-becomes-longest-serving-chief-minister-surpassing-jyoti-basus-record/article23720589.ece Pawan Kumar Chamling crosses Jyoti Basu's record as longest-serving Chief Minister]". ''The Hindu''. 29 April 2018.[https://web.archive.org/web/20180731131703/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pawan-kumar-chamling-becomes-longest-serving-chief-minister-surpassing-jyoti-basus-record/article23720589.ece Archived] on 31 July 2018.</ref> Basu was succeeded by [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]], under whom the Left Front remained in power until 2011.<br />
<br />
In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]], the [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] defeated the Left Front, ending its 34-year{{efn|33 years 333 days}} rule in the state, one of the longest-serving democratically elected communist governments in the world. The party's leader, [[Mamata Banerjee]], was sworn in on 20 May 2011 as the first woman chief minister of West Bengal. She was subsequently re-elected in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]] and [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]] assembly elections.<br />
<br />
In the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026 assembly election]], the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] secured a majority in the legislative assembly, ending the Trinamool Congress's 15-year{{efn|14 years 352 days}} tenure in government. The new chief minister, [[Suvendu Adhikari]] is to take oath on 9 May 2026.<ref>{{cite news |title=New West Bengal CM to take oath on May 9, says state BJP chief Samik Bhattacharya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/new-west-bengal-cm-to-take-oath-on-may-9-says-state-bjp-chief-samik-bhattacharya/articleshow/130817997.cms |work=The Times of India |date=6 May 2026 |access-date=6 May 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath as the state chief minister ==<br />
The chief minister serves five years in the office. The following is the oath of the chief minister of state:<br />
{{Blockquote|text= I, <Name of Chief Minister>, do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as a Minister for the State of () and that I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.|sign=|source=}}[[File:Writers building.jpg|thumb|alt=photo of Writers' Building|[[Writers' Building]], an 18th-century [[Company Raj|Company-era]] construction in Kolkata, traditionally served as the office of West Bengal's chief minister.|156x156px]]<br />
<br />
== Premiers of West Bengal (1947–1950) ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! scope="col" style="width: 30px;" |#<br />
! colspan="1" scope="col" | Portrait<br />
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Name<br />
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Tenure<ref name="Tenure">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312211800/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiChMin.html Premiers/Chief Ministers of West Bengal]. [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. Archive link from 12 March 2016.</ref><br />
! scope="col" | Assembly<br />{{small|(election)}}<br />
!Appointed<br />
by<br />
<br />
<small>(Governor)</small><br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|- style="height: 60px;"<br />
| 1<br />
| [[File:Prafullachandra_Ghosh_at_Writers'_Building_in_1947.jpg|alt=photo of Prafulla Chandra Ghosh|94x94px]]<br />
| scope="row" | [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
| 15 August 1947<br />
| 22 January 1948<br />
| {{age in days|1947|8|15|1948|1|22}} days<br />
| rowspan="2" | Provincial Assembly <br />
(1946–52){{efn|This refers to the 90-member [[rump legislature]] that emerged following partition, representing the West Bengali constituencies of the erstwhile [[Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. It was constituted under the [[Government of India Act 1935]], not the Indian Constitution, which was still in the process of being drafted.<ref name=assembly/>}}<br />{{small|([[1946 Indian provincial elections|1946 election]])}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[C. Rajagopalachari]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| rowspan="3" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|- style="height: 60px;"<br />
| 2<br />
| [[File:Photograph of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal.jpg|95x95px]]<br />
| scope="row" |[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
| 23 January 1948<br />
| 26 January 1950<br />
| {{ayd|1948|1|23|1950|1|26}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Chief Ministers of West Bengal (1950–present) ==<br />
<br />
* {{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
* {{note label|§|§|§}} Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term<br />
<br />
{{efn|name=PR|Under Article 356 of the [[Constitution of India]], [[President's rule]] may be imposed when the government of a state cannot function as per the Constitution. During this time, the council of ministers is dissolved and the governor administers the state.}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;font-size:95%;"<br />
!rowspan="2"|#{{efn|A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}<br />
!rowspan="2"| {{Efn|It means Chief Minister's Party color}}<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"|Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Chief&nbsp;Minister<br>{{small|Constituency}}<br />
! rowspan="2"| Election<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure{{efn|While the tenures have been primarily sourced to a list on the West Bengal Legislative Assembly website,<ref name=Tenure/> obvious errors (mainly around the 1969–71 period) have been corrected with the help of a historical essay from the same website.<ref name=assembly/>}}<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em"| Political party<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em"| Ministry<br />
|-<br />
! From<br />
! To<br />
! Period <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="4"|1<br />
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
| rowspan="4"|[[File:Photograph of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal.jpg|70px]]<br />
| rowspan="4"|'''[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]'''{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br><br />
{{small|(1882 – 1962)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Bowbazar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bowbazar]] (1952–1962)<br />MLA for [[Chowrangee (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chowrangee]] (1962)}}<br />
|Provincial{{efn|Following the promulgation of the Constitution of India, the provincial assembly carried on as the legislative assembly of West Bengal until fresh elections could be organised in 1952.<ref name=assembly/>}}<br /><small>([[1946 Indian provincial elections|1946 election]])</small><br />
|26&nbsp;January&nbsp;1950<br />
|30&nbsp;March&nbsp;1952<br />
| rowspan="4"|{{ayd|1950|1|26|1962|7|1}}<br />
| rowspan="5"|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Roy I]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /><small>(1st election)</small><br />
|31 March 1952<br />
|5 April 1957<br />
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Roy II]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /><small>(2nd election)</small><br />
|6 April 1957<br />
|2 April 1962<br />
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Roy III]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /><small>(3rd election)</small><br />
|3 April 1962<br />
|1 July 1962{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Roy IV]]<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|[[File:PrafullaChandraSen.png|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]'''<br />
{{small|(1897 – 1990)}}<br><br />
<br>{{small|MLA for [[Arambag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arambagh East]]}}<br />
|2 July 1962<br />
|1 March 1967<br />
|{{ayd|1962|7|2|1967|3|1}}<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Sen|Sen]]<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bangla Congress}}"|<br />
|[[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Ajoy Mukherjee]]'''{{ref label|§|§|§}}<br />
{{small|(1901 – 1986)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]}}<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /><small>(4th election)</small><br />
|1 March 1967<br />
|21 November 1967<br />
|{{ayd|1967|3|1|1967|11|21}}<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Mukherjee|Mukherjee I]]<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}"|<br />
|[[File:Prafullachandra_Ghosh_at_Writers'_Building_in_1947.jpg|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]'''<br />
{{small|(1891 – 1983)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Jhargram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]}}<br />
|21 November 1967<br />
|20 February 1968<br />
|{{ayd|1967|11|21|1968|2|20}}<br />
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh|Ghosh]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="10"|'''Position vacant''' (20 February 1968 – 25 February 1969)<br />''[[President's rule]] was imposed during this period''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />{{small|Period: {{ayd|1968|2|20|1969|2|25}}}}<br />
|-<br />
!(3)<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bangla Congress}}"|<br />
|[[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Ajoy Mukherjee]]'''{{ref label|§|§|§}}<br />
{{small|(1901 – 1986)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]}}<br />
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /><small>(5th election)</small><br />
|25 February 1969<br />
|19 March 1970<br />
|{{ayd|1969|2|25|1970|3|19}}<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Mukherjee|Mukherjee II]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="10"|'''Position vacant''' (19 March 1970 – 2 April 1971)<br />''[[President's rule]] was imposed during this period''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />{{small|Period: {{ayd|1970|3|19|1971|4|2}}}}<br />
|-<br />
!(3)<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|[[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Ajoy Mukherjee]]'''<br />
{{small|(1901 – 1986)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]}}<br />
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /><small>(6th election)</small><br />
|2 April 1971<br />
|29 June 1971<br />
|{{ayd|1971|4|2|1971|6|29}}<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Mukherjee|Mukherjee III]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="10"|'''Position vacant''' (29 June 1971 – 20 March 1972)<br />''[[President's rule]] was imposed during this period''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />{{small|Period: {{ayd|1971|6|29|1972|3|20}}}}<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|[[File:SiddharthaShankarRay.png|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]'''<br />
{{small|(1920 – 2010)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Maldah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maldah]]}}<br />
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /><small>(7th election)</small><br />
|20 March 1972<br />
|30 April 1977<br />
|{{ayd|1972|3|20|1977|4|30}}<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray|Ray]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="10"|'''Position vacant''' (30 April 1977 – 21 June 1977)<br />''[[President's rule]] was imposed during this period''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />{{small|Period: {{ayd|1977|4|30|1977|6|21}}}}<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="5"|6<br />
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
| rowspan="5"|[[File:Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|70px]]<br />
| rowspan="5"|'''[[Jyoti Basu]]'''<br />
{{small|(1914 – 2010)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Satgachhia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Satgachhia]]}}<br />
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /><small>(8th election)</small><br />
|21 June 1977<br />
|23 May 1982<br />
| rowspan="5"|{{ayd|1977|6|21|2000|11|6}}<br />
| rowspan="8"|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu|Basu I]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /><small>(9th election)</small><br />
|24 May 1982<br />
|29 March 1987<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu|Basu II]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br /><small>(10th election)</small><br />
|30 March 1987<br />
|18 June 1991<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu|Basu III]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /><small>(11th election)</small><br />
|19 June 1991<br />
|15 May 1996<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu|Basu IV]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /><small>(12th election)</small><br />
|16 May 1996<br />
|6 November 2000<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu|Basu V]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3"|7<br />
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
| rowspan="3"|[[File:Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2009.jpg|70px]]<br />
| rowspan="3"|'''[[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]'''<br />
{{small|(1944 – 2024)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Jadavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]}}<br />
|6 November 2000<br />
|14 May 2001<br />
| rowspan="3"|{{ayd|2000|11|6|2011|5|20}}<br />
|[[First Bhattacharjee ministry|Bhattacharjee I]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /><small>(13th election)</small><br />
|15 May 2001<br />
|17 May 2006<br />
|[[Second Bhattacharjee ministry|Bhattacharjee II]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /><small>(14th election)</small><br />
|18 May 2006<br />
|20 May 2011<br />
|[[Third Bhattacharjee ministry|Bhattacharjee III]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3"|8<br />
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
| rowspan="3"|[[File:Ms. Mamata Banerjee, in Kolkata on July 17, 2018 (cropped) (cropped).JPG|70px]]<br />
| rowspan="3"|'''[[Mamata Banerjee]]'''<br />
{{small|(1955 {{ndash}})}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]}}<br />
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /><small>(15th election)</small><br />
|20 May 2011<br />
|25 May 2016<br />
| rowspan="3"|{{ayd|2011|5|20|2026|5|7}}<br />
| rowspan="3"|[[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
|[[First Banerjee ministry|Banerjee I]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /><small>(16th election)</small><br />
|26 May 2016<br />
|4 May 2021<br />
|[[Second Banerjee ministry|Banerjee II]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /><small>(17th election)</small><br />
|5 May 2021<br />
|7 May 2026<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-07 |title=Mamata Banerjee no longer Bengal CM, governor dissolves assembly |language=en-IN |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-no-longer-bengal-cm-governor-dissolves-cabinet-101778162349319.html |access-date=2026-05-07 }}</ref><br />
|[[Third Banerjee ministry|Banerjee III]]<br />
|-<br />
!{{Ndash}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|''Vacant''<br />
Governor's Rule<br />
|N/A<br />
|7 May 2026<br />
|9 May 2026<br />
|2 days<br />
|N/A<br />
|N/A<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
|[[File:Shri Suvendu Adhikari, CM of West Bengal (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Suvendu Adhikari]]'''<br />
{{small|(born 1970)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]] (until 13 May 2026)}}<br><br />
{{small|MLA for [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]] (from 13 May 2026)}}<br />
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /><small>(18th election)</small><br />
|9 May 2026<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|{{ayd|2026|5|9}}<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari|Adhikari]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Statistics ==<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
| caption = Fraction of time of holding CMO by party in West Bengal (as of 9 May 2026)<br />
<!--- Communist Party of India (Marxist) ---><br />
| label1 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
| color1 = {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
| value1 = 44.74<br />
<br />
<!--- Indian National Congress ---><br />
| label2 = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| color2 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| value2 = 32.84<br />
<br />
<!--- Trinamool Congress ---><br />
| label3 = [[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
| color3 = {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
| value3 = 19.75<br />
<br />
<!--- Bangla Congress ---><br />
| label4 = [[Bangla Congress]]<br />
| color4 = {{party color|Bangla Congress}}<br />
| value4 = 2.36<br />
<br />
<!--- Bharatiya Janata Party ---><br />
| label5 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| color5 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| value5 = 0<br />
<br />
<!--- Independents ---><br />
| label6 = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br />
| color6 = lightgray<br />
| value6 = 0.33<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Timeline of Chief Minister===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number" | #<br />
! rowspan="2" | Name<br />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Party<br />
! colspan="2" | Length of term<br />
|-<br />
! Longest tenure<br />
! Total tenure<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="1" | 1<br />
| [[Jyoti Basu]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| {{Age in years and days|21 June 1977|6 November 2000}}<br />
| {{Age in years and days|21 June 1977|6 November 2000}}<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="2" | 2<br />
| [[Mamata Banerjee]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]<br />
| {{ayd|20 May 2011|7 May 2026}}<br />
| {{ayd|20 May 2011|7 May 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="3" | 3<br />
| [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| 12 years, 156 days<br />
| 14 years, 159 days<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="4" | 4<br />
| [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| {{Age in years and days|6 November 2000|20 May 2011}}<br />
| {{Age in years and days|6 November 2000|20 May 2011}}<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="5" | 5<br />
| [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| {{Age in years and days|20 March 1972|30 April 1977}}<br />
| {{Age in years and days|20 March 1972|30 April 1977}}<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="7" | 6<br />
| [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| {{Age in years and days|2 July 1962|1 March 1967}}<br />
| {{Age in years and days|2 July 1962|1 March 1967}}<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="6" | 7<br />
| [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bangla Congress}}" |<br />
| [[Bangla Congress|BC]] / [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| 1 year, 19 days<br />
| 2 years, 6 days<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="8" | 8<br />
| [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<br />
| [[Independent politician|IND]] / [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| 160 days<br />
| 250 days<br />
|-<br />
| data-sort-value="9" | 9<br />
| '''[[Suvendu Adhikari]]'''<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|BJP}}" |<br />
| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''<br />
| '''{{Age in years and days|9 May 2026}}'''<br />
| '''{{Age in years and days|9 May 2026}}'''<br />
|}<br />
{{efn|name=durationnote|<br />
* Total period considered is from 15 August 1947 to 9 May 2026.<br />
* Durations are calculated proportionally from percentage share and expressed in years and days.<br />
* Figures are rounded to the nearest day.}}<br />
<br />
=== Party-wise tenure over years ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Party !! Total tenure !! Percentage<br />
|-<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || 33 years, 333 days || 44.74%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]] || 24 years, 325 days || 32.84%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trinamool Congress]] || 14 years, 352 days|| 19.75%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bangla Congress]] || 1 years, 287 days || 2.36%<br />
|-<br />
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] || 91 days || 0.33%<br />
|-<br />
| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]''' || '''0 days''' || '''0%'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{efn|name=durationnote}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[History of Bengal]]<br />
*[[Bengal Presidency]]<br />
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]<br />
* [[Prime Minister of Bengal]]<br />
* [[ History of West Bengal]]<br />
* [[List of governors of West Bengal]]<br />
* [[List of deputy chief ministers of West Bengal]]<br />
*[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[Elections in West Bengal]]<br />
*[[Chief Minister (India)]]<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{Commons category|Chief ministers of West Bengal comes from a Mahishya Kshatriya family. }}<br />
*"[http://cpimwb.org.in/upload_all_docs/pdf/lf_govt/L.F._Govt._of_Bengal_-_A_Saga_of_Struggle.pdf Left Front Government of Bengal: A Saga of Struggle]" – a political history of West Bengal from the CPI(M)'s point of view<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20180727104056/http://cpimwb.org.in/upload_all_docs/pdf/lf_govt/L.F._Govt._of_Bengal_-_A_Saga_of_Struggle.pdf --><br />
{{featured list}}<br />
<br />
{{Chief Ministers of West Bengal}}<br />
{{Current Indian chief ministers}}<br />
{{West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chief ministers of West Bengal| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of chief ministers of Indian states|West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal politics-related lists|Chief ministers]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangubhai_C._Patel&diff=552813Mangubhai C. Patel2026-08-07T16:27:16Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|19th Governor of Madhya Pradesh}}<br />
{{moresources|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| image = Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Patel, {{circa|2023}}<br />
| office = 19th [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start = 6 July 2021<br />
| 1blankname = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Anandiben Patel]]<br />
| office4 = [[Member of Legislative assembly|MLA]] of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]]<br />
| term_start4 = 1998<br />
| term_end4 = 2017<br />
| constituency4 = [[Navsari]]<br />
| office3 = [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start3 = 2013<br />
| term_end3 = 2017<br />
| office2 = Cabinet Minister of [[Gujarat Government]]<br />
| term_start2 = 2002<br />
| term_end2 = 2013<br />
| constituency2 = [[Navsari]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel''' is an Indian statesman who is the current and 19th [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]. He is a leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from [[Gujarat]]. He served as the officiating speaker of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] in 2014. He has earlier served as a cabinet minister in the [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref name="gujaratassembly">{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/dyspeaker.htm|title=Gujarat Vidhan Sabha|publisher=gujaratassembly.gov.in|accessdate=2014-08-11}}</ref> Patel was elected to the assembly from [[Navsari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Navsari constituency]]. He has been appointed as 19th Governor of [[Madhya Pradesh]] on 6 July 2021 by the [[President of India]].<ref>[http://deshgujarat.com/2013/10/03/mangubhai-patel-is-deputy-speaker-of-gujarat-assembly/ Mangubhai Patel is Deputy Speaker of Gujarat Ass | DeshGujarat<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://myneta.info/2007Gujarat/candidate.php?candidate_id=1225 Mangubhai C Patel(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- NAVSARI(Navsari) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
Mangubhai is a Tribal Leader. He became MLA from [[Navsari]] Vidhansabha from 1990 to 2012 and from 2012 to 2017 from [[Gandevi ]]Vidhansabha.<br />
He was Cabinet Minister in Gujarat Government.<br />
He was elected as Deputy Speaker of Gujarat Vidhansabha in October 2013. <br />
On 6 July 2021 , he was appointed [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]] state by The President of India [[Ramnath Kovind]] Ji.<br />
He has earlier served as a cabinet minister in the [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref name="gujaratassembly">{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/dyspeaker.htm|title=Gujarat Vidhan Sabha|publisher=gujaratassembly.gov.in|accessdate=2014-08-11}}</ref> Patel was elected to the assembly from [[Navsari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Navsari constituency]]. He has been appointed as 19th Governor of [[Madhya Pradesh]] on 6 July 2021 by the [[President of India]].<ref>[http://deshgujarat.com/2013/10/03/mangubhai-patel-is-deputy-speaker-of-gujarat-assembly/ Mangubhai Patel is Deputy Speaker of Gujarat Ass | DeshGujarat<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://myneta.info/2007Gujarat/candidate.php?candidate_id=1225 Mangubhai C Patel(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- NAVSARI(Navsari) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-gov}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Anandiben Patel]]<br />'''Additional charge'''}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]|years=6 July 2021 – Present}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Mangubhai C.}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Deputy Speakers of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017]]<br />
[[Category:People from Navsari district]]<br />
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:1944 births]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashim_Kumar_Ghosh&diff=552812Ashim Kumar Ghosh2026-08-07T16:24:26Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|19th Governor of Haryana (born 1944)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = [[List of governors of Haryana|Governor of Haryana]]<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Professor]]<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| image = Ashim Kumar Ghosh.png<br />
| caption = Ghosh in 2025<br />
| 1namedata = [[Nayab Singh Saini]]<br />
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Haryana|Chief Minister]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Bandaru Dattatreya]]<br />
| term_start = 21 July 2025<br />
| term_end =<br />
| office2 = 5th State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal]]<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Tapan Sikdar]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Tathagata Roy]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]{{br}}(since 1991)<br />
| alma_mater = [[Vidyasagar College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]){{br}}[[University of Calcutta]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])<br />
| term2 = 1999 {{ndash}} 2002<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|03|12|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Howrah]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br>(present-day [[West Bengal]], India)<br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| profession = Academician <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ashim Kumar Ghosh''' (born 12 March 1944) is an Indian academician and politician who is serving as 19th [[Governor of Haryana]]. Before that, he served as the president of [[BJP West Bengal]] from 1999 to 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2025 |title=Haryana, Goa get new governors, J&K ex-Deputy Chief Minister given Ladakh charge |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ashim-kumar-ghosh-appointed-haryana-governor-ashok-gajapathi-raju-in-goa-kavinder-gupta-in-ladakh-2755496-2025-07-14 |access-date=14 July 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2025 |title=President Droupadi Murmu appoints 3 new governors: Kavinder Gupta in Ladakh; Prof Ghosh, Gajapathi Raju for Haryana and Goa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/president-droupadi-murmu-appoints-3-new-governors-kavinder-gupta-in-ladakh-prof-ghosh-gajapathi-raju-for-haryana-and-goa/articleshow/122434982.cms |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and career==<br />
Ghosh was born on 12 March 1944 at Howrah, [[British India]]. He completed his primary education in [[Vivekananda Institution]], Howrah. He earned a bachelor's and master's degree in [[political science]] at [[Vidyasagar College]] and [[Calcutta University]] respectively. He has served as a professor of political science since 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2025 |title=TDP's Ashok Ganapathi Raju named new Goa Governor, Ashim Kumar Ghosh gets Haryana, Kavinder Gupta is Ladakh LG |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/tdp-ashok-gajapathi-raju-named-new-goa-governor-ashim-kumar-ghosh-gets-haryana-kavinder-gupta-appointed-as-ladakh-lg-latest-updates-2025-07-14-998804 |access-date=14 July 2025 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ghosh joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 1991. According to Saurav Sikdar, [[Tapan Sikdar]]'s son, Ghosh was brought to politics by Tapan. He became the party's state secretary in 1996, then as state vice-president in 1998. Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] recommended him to become the party's state president. After completing his term, he served as the observer for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Tripura|Tripura BJP unit]] from 2003 to 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2025 |title=Ashim Ghosh becomes 19th Governor of Haryana: Served as BJP West Bengal unit chief; replaced Bandaru Dattatreya - Haryana News |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/haryana/news/ashim-ghosh-becomes-19th-governor-of-haryana-served-as-bjp-president-west-bengal-replaced-bandaru-dattatreya-135445351.html |access-date=14 July 2025 |website=Bhaskar English |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ghosh was a member of the BJP National Executive from 2004 to 2006. He was appointed as [[Governor of Haryana]] by President [[Droupadi Murmu]] on 14 July 2025, becoming the third [[Bengalis|Bengali person]] after [[Birendra Narayan Chakraborty]] and [[Hari Anand Barari]] to be appointed as governor of Haryana.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2025 |title=Professor Ashim Kumar Ghosh appointed Governor of Haryana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/haryana/professor-ashim-kumar-ghosh-appointed-governor-of-haryana/article69810596.ece |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-off}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Bandaru Dattatreya]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Haryana|Governor of Haryana]]|years=21 July 2025 - Present}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Ashim Kumar}}<br />
[[Category:1944 births]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal academics]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Vidyasagar College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:People from Howrah]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Haryana&diff=552811List of governors of Haryana2026-08-07T16:23:28Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
<!-- please expand, for an example see "Chief Ministers of Kerala" --><br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| title = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| body = Haryana<br />
| insignia = Emblem of Haryana.svg<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Haryana]]<br />
| incumbent = [[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 21 July 2025<br />
| image = Ashim Kumar Ghosh.png<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Haryana)|Raj Bhavan]]; [[Chandigarh]]<br />
| termlength = Five Years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1966|11|01}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Dharma Vira]]<br />
| website = http://haryanarajbhavan.gov.in<br />
}}<br />
<br />
This is a '''list of governors''' of the [[India]]n state of [[Haryana]], which was carved out from [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] on 1 November 1966.<br />
<br />
==Governors of Haryana==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! bgcolor=#cccccc |#<br />
! bgcolor=#cccccc | Name<br />
! bgcolor=#cccccc | Took office<br />
! bgcolor=#cccccc | Left office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[Dharma Vira]]<br />
| 1 November 1966<br />
| 14 September 1967 <br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[Birendra Narayan Chakraborty]]<br />
| 15 September 1967<br />
| 26 March 1976 <br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[Ranjit Singh Narula]]<br />
| 27 March 1976<br />
| 13 August 1976 <br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[Jaisukh Lal Hathi]]<br />
| 14 August 1976<br />
| 23 September 1977 <br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[Harcharan Singh Brar|Sardar Harcharan Singh Brar]]<br />
| 24 September 1977<br />
| 9 December 1979 <br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| Justice [[Surjit Singh Sandhawalia]] <br />
| 10 December 1979<br />
| 27 February 1980 <br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| [[Ganpatrao Devji Tapase]]<br />
| 28 February 1980<br />
| 13 June 1984 <br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[S. M. H. Burney|Saiyid Muzaffar Husain Burney]]<br />
| 14 June 1984 <br />
| 21 February 1988 <br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[Hari Anand Barari]]<br />
| 22 February 1988<br />
| 6 February 1990 <br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[Dhanik Lal Mandal]]<br />
| 7 February 1990<br />
| 13 June 1995 <br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[Mahabir Prasad]] <br />
| 14 June 1995<br />
| 18 June 2000 <br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| [[Babu Parmanand]]<br />
| 19 June 2000<br />
| 1 July 2004 <br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
| [[Om Prakash Verma (politician)|Om Prakash Verma]] {{small|(Additional charge)}}<br />
| 2 July 2004<br />
| 7 July 2004 <br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]<br />
| 7 July 2004<br />
| 27 July 2009<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
| [[Jagannath Pahadia|Jagannath Prasad]]<br />
| 27 July 2009<br />
| 26 July 2014<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| [[Kaptan Singh Solanki]]<br />
| 27 July 2014<br />
| 25 August 2018<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[Satyadev Narayan Arya]]<br />
| 25 August 2018<ref>{{cite news |title=Satyadev Narayan Arya takes oath as new Haryana Governor |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/satyadev-narayan-arya-takes-oath-as-new-haryana-governor-118082500749_1.html |work=Business Standard |agency=Press Trust of India |date=25 August 2018}}</ref><br />
| 6 July 2021<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| [[Bandaru Dattatreya]]<br />
| 7 July 2021<br />
| 21 July 2025<br />
|-<br />
!19<br />
|[[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]] <br />
|21 July 2025<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Haryana]]<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160902121356/http://www.haryanarajbhavan.gov.in/former_governor.html Raj Bhavan, Haryana]<br />
<br />
{{Governors of Haryana}}<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
{{Haryana}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Haryana| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Haryana-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552810Governor (India)2026-08-07T16:22:43Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashok Gajapathi Raju.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552809Governor (India)2026-08-07T16:18:04Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashok Gajapathi Raju.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Maharashtra&diff=552808List of governors of Maharashtra2026-08-07T16:17:22Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = '''Raj Bhavan'''<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| flagborder = yes<br />
| incumbent = [[Jishnu Dev Varma]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 10 March 2026<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| style = [[The Honourable]] {{small|(formal)}}<br />[[Mister|Mr.Governor]] {{small|(informal)}}<br/>[[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />
| residence = Raj Bhavan, Mumbai<br />
Raj Bhavan, Nagpur<br />
Raj Bhavan, Pune<br />
Raj Bhavan, Mahabaleshwar<br />
| termlength = Five years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| precursor = [[Governor of Bombay]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1943|03|24}}<br />
| inaugural = [[ Raja Maharaj Singh]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in/|Raj Bhavan Maharashtra}}<br />
| image = Jishnu Dev Varma.png<br />
| body = Maharashtra<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Governor of Maharashtra''' is the ceremonial head of the state of [[Maharashtra]]. The [[Constitution of India]] confers the executive powers of the state to the Governor, however the de facto executive powers lie with the Council of Ministers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Governor - Information under RTI Act|url=http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/rti.pdf|access-date=16 March 2013|page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220025530/http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/rti.pdf|archive-date=20 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Bhagat Singh Koshiyari]] is the governor of Maharashtra since September 5, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhagat Singh Koshyari sworn in as new governor of Maharashtra|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/bhagat-singh-koshyari-sworn-in-as-new-governor-of-maharashtra|publisher=Free Press Journal|access-date=5 September 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Powers and duties ==<br />
The Governor appoints many top authorities as follows:<br />
:Advocate General of Maharashtra.<br />
:[[Maharashtra Lokayukta|Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta]]<br />
:[[Maharashtra State Election Commission|State Election Commissioner]]<br />
:Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal<br />
:Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission<br />
:Chairman and Members of the [[Maharashtra Public Service Commission]] (MPSC)<br />
:Chairmen and Members of the 3 Development Boards<br />
:[[Sheriff of Mumbai]]<br />
:[[Maharashtra State Information Commission|State Chief Information Commissioner]]<br />
<br />
==Governors of Maharashtra==<br />
*legend2="wheat"| additional charge <br />
This is a list of governors of [[Maharashtra]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in/rajbhavan/Pages/frm_prevgoverner.aspx |title=Previous Governors |work=Rajbhavan, [[Government of Maharashtra]] |access-date=7 December 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206050259/http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/default.htm |archive-date=6 February 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|#}}<br />
! class="unsortable"|Portrait<br />
! Name<br />
!colspan=2| Term of office<br />
!scope=col|Time in office <br />
! Appointed by <br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|1<br />
|[[File: Raja Maharaj Singh.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Raja Maharaj Singh|Raja Sir Maharaj Singh, CIE]]<br />
| 6 January 1948<br />
| 30 May 1952<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1948|01|06|1952|05|30}}<br />
| [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|L. Mountbatten]]<br>{{small|(Governor General)}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|2<br />
|[[File: Girja Shankar Bajpai.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Girija Shankar Bajpai|Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai, KCSI, KBE, CIE]]<br />
| 30 May 1952<br />
| 5 December 1954<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1952|05|30|1954|12|05}}<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr. Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|3<br />
| [[File:Harekrushna Mahatab 2000 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr. [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]<br />
| 2 March 1955<br />
| 14 October 1956<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1955|03|02|1956|10|14}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|4<br />
|[[File:Sri Prakasa 1991 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Sri Prakasa]]<br />
| 10 December 1956<br />
| 16 April 1962<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1956|12|10|1962|04|16}}<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr. Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|5<br />
| [[File:P Subbarayan 1989 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr [[P. Subbarayan]]<br />
| 17 April 1962<br />
| 6 October 1962<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1962|04|17|1962|10|06}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|6<br />
|[[File:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit 1965b.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]<br />
| 28 November 1962<br />
| 18 October 1964<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1962|11|28|1964|10|18}}<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|7<br />
|<br />
| Dr. [[P V Cherian]]<br />
| 14 November 1964<br />
| 8 November 1969<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1964|11|14|1969|11|08}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|8<br />
|<br />
|[[Ali Yavar Jung]]<br />
| 26 February 1970<br />
| 11 December 1976<br />
|{{age in years and days|1970|2|26|1976|12|11}}<br />
|[[V. V. Giri]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|9<br />
|<br />
|[[Sri Sadiq Ali]]<br />
| 30 April 1977<br />
| 3 November 1980<br />
|{{age in years and days|1977|4|30|1980|11|3}}<br />
|[[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|''(acting President)''}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|10<br />
|<br />
| [[O P Mehra]]<br />
| 3 November 1980<br />
| 5 March 1982<br />
|{{age in years and days|1980|11|3|1982|3|5}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|11<br />
| [[File:ACM IH Latif.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Idris Hasan Latif]]<br />
| 6 March 1982<br />
| 16 April 1985<br />
|{{age in years and days|1982|3|6|1985|4|16}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
| 12<br />
| [[File:Acting Governor PM.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Peer Mohammed (Maharashtra politician)|Peer Mohammed]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 19 April 1985<br />
| 30 May 1985<br />
|{{age in years and days|1985|4|19|1985|5|30}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|13<br />
|<br />
|[[Kona Prabhakara Rao]]<br />
| 31 May 1985<br />
| 2 April 1986<br />
|{{age in years and days|1985|5|31|1986|4|2}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Zail Singh]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|14<br />
|[[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr. [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
| 3 April 1986<br />
| 2 September 1987<br />
|{{age in years and days|1986|4|3|1987|9|2}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|15<br />
|[[File:Kasu Brahmananda Reddy 2011 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]<br />
| 20 February 1988<br />
| 18 January 1990<br />
|{{age in years and days|1988|2|20|1990|1|18}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|16<br />
| [[File:Chidambaram Subramaniam.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr. [[C Subramaniam]]<br />
| 15 February 1990<br />
| 9 January 1993<br />
|{{age in years and days|1990|2|15|1993|1|9}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|17<br />
|<br />
| Dr. [[P.C. Alexander]]<br />
| 12 January 1993<br />
| 13 July 2002<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1993|01|12|2002|07|13}}<br />
|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|18<br />
|<br />
|[[Mohammed Fazal]]<br />
| 10 October 2002<br />
| 5 December 2004<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2002|10|10|2004|12|05}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|19<br />
|[[File:Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[S.M. Krishna]]<br />
| 12 December 2004<br />
| 5 March 2008<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2004|12|12|2008|03|05}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|20<br />
|[[File:Governor S. C. Jamir with CM Naveen Patnaik and President Kovind (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[S.C. Jamir]]<br />
| 9 March 2008<br />
| 22 January 2010<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2008|03|09|2010|01|22}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|- style="text-align:center"<br />
|21<br />
|[[File:K. Sankaranarayanan.jpg|75px]]<br />
|[[Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]<br />
| 22 January 2010<br />
| 24 August 2014<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2010|01|22|2014|08|24}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|22<br />
| [[File:Vidhyasagar Rao.jpg|131x131px]]<br />
|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao|Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao]]<br />
| 30 August 2014<br />
| 4 September 2019<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2014|08|30|2019|09|04}}<br />
| [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|23<br />
!<br />
|[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]<br />
| 5 September 2019<br />
| 18 February 2023<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2019|09|05|2023|2|18}}<br />
| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
|24 <br />
|[[File:Ramesh Bais in 2023 (cropped).jpg|133x133px]]<br />
|[[Ramesh Bais]]<br />
|18 February 2023<br />
|29 July 2024<br />
|{{ayd|18 Feb 2023|29 Jul 2024}}<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|[[File:Shri C P Radhakrishnan, Honourable Vice President of India.jpg|120x120px]]<br />
|[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] <br />
|31 July 2024<br />
|11 September 2025 <small>(resigned to become the [[List of vice presidents of India|Vice- President of India]])</small><br />
|{{ayd|31 Jul 2024|11 Sep 2025}}<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"|<br />
|26<br />
|[[File:Acharya Devvrat.png|70px]]<br />
|[[Acharya Devvrat]] <br />
<small>(Additional charge)</small><br />
|15 September 2025<br />
|10 March 2026<br />
|{{ayd|15 Sep 2025|10 Mar 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
|27<br />
|[[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]''' <br />
|10 March 2026<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|{{ayd|10 Mar 2026}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Seen also==<br />
*List of governors of Maharashtra<br />
<br />
*[[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Chairman of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] <br />
<br />
*[[List of Deputy Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Deputy Chairman of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leader of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leaders of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of Deputy Leader of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Deputy Leader of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*List of Deputy Leaders of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly<br />
<br />
*List of Deputy Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Council<br />
*[[Governors of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Maharashtra| ]]<br />
[[Category:Maharashtra-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Gujarat&diff=552807List of governors of Gujarat2026-08-07T16:16:40Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
<!-- this article can be expanded in similar fashion to [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala]] --><br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| title = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| body = [[Gujarat]]<br />
| insignia = <br />
| insigniacaption = <br />
| incumbent = [[Acharya Devvrat]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 22 July 2019<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Gujarat)|Raj Bhavan]]; [[Gandhinagar]]<br />
| termlength = Five Years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1960|05|01}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Mehdi Nawaz Jung]]<br />
| website = https://rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in<br />
| image = Acharya Devvrat.png<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:India Gujarat locator map.svg|upright|thumb|Gujarat is in western India.]]<br />
The '''Governor of Gujarat''' is a nominal head and representative of the [[President of India]] in the state of [[Gujarat]]. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years and resides in [[Raj Bhavan (Gujarat)|Raj Bhavan]] in [[Gandhinagar]]. [[Acharya Devvrat]] took charge as the Governor on 22 July 2019.<br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions}}<br />
The Governor enjoys many different types of powers:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.<br />
<br />
==Governors of Gujarat==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''#'''<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''Name'''<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''Took Office'''<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''Left Office'''<br />
|-<br />
! | 1<br />
| [[Mehdi Nawaz Jung]]<br />
| 1 May 1960<br />
| 1 Aug 1965<br />
|-<br />
! | 2<br />
| [[Nityanand Kanungo]]<br />
| 1 Aug 1965<br />
| 7 Dec 1967<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| |[[P.N. Bhagwati]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 7 Dec 1967<br />
| 26 Dec 1967<br />
|-<br />
! | 3<br />
| [[Shriman Narayan]]<br />
| 26 Dec 1967<br />
| 17 Mar 1973<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| |[[P.N. Bhagwati]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 17 Mar 1973<br />
| 4 Apr 1973<br />
|-<br />
! | 4<br />
| [[Kambanthodath Kunhan Vishwanatham]]<br />
| 4 Apr 1973<br />
| 14 Aug 1978<br />
|-<br />
! | 5<br />
| [[Sharda Mukherjee]]<br />
| 14 Aug 1978<br />
| 6 Aug 1983<br />
|-<br />
! | 6<br />
| [[K.M. Chandy (politician)|K.M. Chandy]]<br />
| 6 Aug 1983<br />
| 26 Apr 1984<br />
|-<br />
! | 7<br />
| [[Braj Kumar Nehru]]<br />
| 26 Apr 1984<br />
| 26 Feb 1986<br />
|-<br />
! | 8<br />
| [[R. K. Trivedi|Ram Krishna Trivedi]]<br />
| 26 Feb 1986<br />
| 2 May 1990<br />
|-<br />
! | 9<br />
| [[Mahipal Shastri]]<br />
| 2 May 1990<br />
| 21 Dec 1990<br />
|-<br />
! | 10<br />
| [[Sarup Singh]]<br />
| 21 Dec 1990<br />
| 1 Jul 1995<br />
|-<br />
! | 11<br />
| [[Naresh Chandra]]<br />
| 1 Jul 1995<br />
| 1 Mar 1996<br />
|-<br />
! | 12<br />
| [[Krishna Pal Singh]]<br />
| 1 Mar 1996<br />
| 25 Apr 1998<br />
|-<br />
! | 13<br />
| [[Anshuman Singh]]<br />
| 25 Apr 1998<br />
| 16 Jan 1999<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| |[[K.G. Balakrishnan]]<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990114/01450725.html K.G. Balakrishnan as Governor of Gujarat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124935/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990114/01450725.html |date=2007-09-29 }}</ref> ''(acting)''<br />
| 16 Jan 1999<br />
| 18 Mar 1999<br />
|-<br />
! | 14<br />
| [[Sunder Singh Bhandari]]<br />
| 18 Mar 1999<br />
| 7 May 2003<br />
|-<br />
! | 15<br />
| [[Kailashpati Mishra]]<br />
| 7 May 2003<br />
| 2 Jul 2004<br />
|-<br />
! | <br />
| [[Balram Jakhar]]<br />
''(additional charge)'' <br />
| 2 Jul 2004<br />
| 24 Jul 2004<br />
|-<br />
! | 16<br />
| [[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]<br />
| 24 Jul 2004<br />
| 24 Jul 2009<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| [[S. C. Jamir]] ''(additional charge)'' <ref>Jamir served as acting governor during Dwivedi's official term of service as well as after his death.</ref><br />
| 30 Jul 2009<br />
| 26 Nov 2009<br />
|-<br />
! | 17<br />
| [[Kamla Beniwal]]<br />
| 27 Nov 2009<br />
| 6 July 2014<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| [[ Margaret Alva ]] ''(additional charge)''<br />
| 7 July 2014<br />
| 15 July 2014<br />
|-<br />
! | 18<br />
| [[Om Prakash Kohli]]<br />
| 16 July 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=O P Kohli takes oath as Gujarat governor|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/O-P-Kohli-takes-oath-as-Gujarat-governor/articleshow/38497415.cms|work=Timesofindia Journal|access-date=19 July 2014}}</ref><br />
| 21 July 2019<br />
|-<br />
! | 19<br />
| [[Acharya Devvrat]]<br />
| 22 July 2019<br />
| ''Incumbent''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Governor of Gujarat}}<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
{{Gujarat}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Gujurat]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Gujarat| ]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acharya_Devvrat&diff=552806Acharya Devvrat2026-08-07T16:16:06Z<p>Uikghh: Updated</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Governor of Gujarat, India}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Acharya Devvrat<br />
| image = Acharya Devvrat.jpg<br />
| office1 = [[Governor of Maharashtra]] ({{small|additional charge}})<br />
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister <br />
| 1namedata1 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Jishnu Dev Varma]]<br />
| term_start1 = 15 September 2025<br />
| term_end1 = 10 March 2026<br />
| office2 = 20th [[Governor of Gujarat]]<br />
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata2 = <br />
*[[Vijay Rupani]]<br />
*[[Bhupendra Patel]]<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Om Prakash Kohli]]<br />
| successor2 = <br />
| term_start2 = 22 July 2019<br />
| term_end2 = <br />
| office3 = [[Governor of Himachal Pradesh|18th Governor of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata3 = <br />
*[[Virbhadra Singh]]<br />
*[[Jai Ram Thakur]]<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Kalyan Singh]]<br />
| successor3 = [[Kalraj Mishra]]<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1959|1|18}}<ref name="Tribune"/><br />
| birth_place = [[Samalkha]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[India]]<br /><small>(present-day [[Haryana]])</small><ref name="Tribune"/><br />
| term_start3 = 12 August 2015<br />
| term_end3 = 21 July 2019<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Acharya Devvrat ''' (born 18 January 1959) is an Indian politician and former educationalist who is serving as the 20th [[Governor of Gujarat]]. He is an [[Arya Samaj]] ''pracharak'' and served previously as the principal of a [[Gurukula|Gurukul]] in [[Kurukshetra]], [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/R-N-Kovind-appointed-governor-of-Bihar-Acharya-Dev-Vrat-named-Himachal-governor/articleshow/48400815.cms | title=R N Kovind appointed governor of Bihar, Acharya Dev Vrat named Himachal governor | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=8 August 2015 | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-himachal-pradesh-guv-designate-acharya-dev-vrat-hails-bjp-for-choosing-non-political-person-2112444 | title=Himachal Pradesh Guv-designate Acharya Dev Vrat hails BJP for choosing 'non-political' person | publisher=DNA | date=8 August 2015 | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ram-nath-kovind-acharya-dev-vrat-appointed-bihar-hp-governors-115080800426_1.html | title=Ram Nath Kovind, Acharya Dev Vrat appointed Bihar,Himachal Governors | newspaper=Business Standard India | publisher=[[Business Standard]] | date=8 August 2015 | access-date=8 August 2015| agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref><ref name="Tribune">{{cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/ramdev-follower-acharya-dev-vrat-is-hp-governor/117448.html | title=Ramdev follower Acharya Dev Vrat is HP Governor | work=The Tribune | date=9 August 2015 | access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> Being the Governor of Gujarat, he is also the Chancellor of state universities of [[Gujarat]].<br />
<br />
In August 2015, Devvrat was appointed as the [[Governor of Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=Kalraj Mishra appointed Himachal Pradesh Governor, Acharya Devvrat shifted to Gujarat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kalraj-mishra-appointed-himachal-pradesh-governor-acharya-devvrat-shifted-to-gujarat/article28435953.ece |access-date=1 April 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=15 July 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He continued till 21 July 2019, when he was replaced by [[Kalraj Mishra]].<ref name="Hindu"/><br />
<br />
In June 2019, he was named as [[Governor of Gujarat]] replacing [[Om Prakash Kohli]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kalraj Mishra Appointed Himachal Pradesh Governor, Acharya Devvrat Shifted to Gujarat |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kalraj-mishra-appointed-himachal-pradesh-governor-acharya-devvrat-shifted-to-gujarat-2231441.html |access-date=11 January 2020 |work=News18 |date=16 July 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Arya Samaj]]is<br />
* [[Hindu reform movements|Hindu reformists]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{URL|https://rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/|Governor's profile}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-off}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Kalyan Singh]]<br>''Additional Charge''}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|Governor of Himachal Pradesh]]|years=12 August 2015 – 21 July 2019}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Kalraj Mishra]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Om Prakash Kohli]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]]|years=21 July 2019–present}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
{{Governor of Gujarat}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Devvrat, Acharya}}<br />
[[Category:1959 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Panipat district]]<br />
[[Category:Arya Samajis]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Heads of schools in India]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552805Governor (India)2026-08-07T16:09:51Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashok Gajapathi Raju.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashok_Gajapathi_Raju&diff=552803Ashok Gajapathi Raju2026-08-07T13:47:27Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1951)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju<br />
| image = Ashok Gajapathi Raju.png<br />
| caption = Raju in October 2014<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|06|26|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras State]], India<br> (present-day Chennai, [[Tamil Nadu]])<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan, Panaji]]<br />
| office = [[List of governors of Goa|Governor of Goa]]<br />
| 1blankname = [[List of chief ministers of Goa|Chief Minister]]<br />
| 1namedata = [[Pramod Sawant]]<br />
| term_start = 26 July 2025<br />
| term_end = <br />
| predecessor = [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| office1 = 29th [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Union Minister of Civil Aviation]]<br />
| term_start1 = 26 May 2014<br />
| term_end1 = 9 March 2018<br />
| primeminister1 = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Suresh Prabhu]]<br />
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency2 = [[Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency|Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start2 = 16 May 2014<br />
| term_end2 = 23 May 2019<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Botcha Jhansi Lakshmi]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Bellana Chandra Sekhar]]<br />
| office3 = [[First N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Minister for Revenue, Relief and Rehabilitation]] in [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start3 = 11 October 1999<br />
| term_end3 = 14 May 2004<br />
| governor3 = * [[Krishan Kant]]<br />
* [[C. Rangarajan]]<br />
* [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]<br />
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata3 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<br />
| successor3 = [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]<br />
| office4 = [[First N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Minister of Finance and Legislative Affairs]] in [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start4 = 1 September 1995<br />
| term_end4 = 10 October 1999<br />
| governor4 = * [[Krishan Kant]]<br />
* [[C. Rangarajan]]<br />
| 1blankname4 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata4 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<br />
| predecessor4 = <br />
| successor4 = <br />
| office5 = [[Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Minister of Commercial Taxes and Legislative Affairs]] in [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start5 = 12 December 1994<br />
| term_end5 = 31 August 1995<br />
| governor5 = [[Krishan Kant]]<br />
| 1blankname5 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata5 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />
| predecessor5 = <br />
| successor5 = <br />
| office6 = [[Second N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Minister of Excise]] in [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start6 = 9 March 1985<br />
| term_end6 = 2 December 1989<br />
| 1blankname6 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata6 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />
| office7 = [[First N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Minister of Commercial Taxes]] in [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start7 = 1983<br />
| term_end7 = 1985<br />
| 1blankname7 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata7 = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />
| office8 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency8 = [[Vizianagaram Assembly constituency|Vizianagaram]]<br />
| term_start8 = 19 May 2009<br />
| term_end8 = 28 March 2014<br />
| predecessor8 = [[Kolagatla Veerabhadra Swamy]]<br />
| successor8 = Meesala Geetha<br />
| term_start9 = 5 March 1978<br />
| term_end9 = 14 November 2003<br />
| predecessor9 = Appannadora Appasani<br />
| successor9 = [[Kolagatla Veerabhadra Swamy]]<br />
| constituency9 = [[Vizianagaram Assembly constituency|Vizianagaram]]<br />
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
| religion = <br />
| alma_mater = [[Hyderabad Public School]]<br />
| children = 2 (including [[Pusapati Aditi Vijayalakshmi]])<br />
| website = http://ashokgajapathiraju.com<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju''' (born 26 June 1951) is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the [[List of governors of Goa|governor of Goa since July 2025]] and the former [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Union Minister for Civil Aviation]]. A scion of royal family of [[Vizianagaram Estate|Vizianagaram princely state]], he is the younger son of the last Maharaja of Vizianagaram. He was appointed as governor of Goa by president of India on 14 July 2025<ref>{{cite web | last=Analysis | first=Daily News & | title=Ashok Gajapathi Raju: The man with the "Royal Touch" | website=dna | date=26 May 2014 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ashok-gajapathi-raju-the-man-with-the-royal-touch-1991472 | access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/v/vizianagram.html|title=VIZIANAGRAM|work=iinet.net.au|access-date=30 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026105517/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/v/vizianagram.html|archive-date=26 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was a member of Andhra Pradesh State legislature for over twenty five years and was a State Minister, for thirteen years holding the portfolios of Commercial Taxes, Excise, Legislative affairs, Finance, Revenue, Relief and Rehabilitation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.civilaviation.gov.in/about-minister/meet-the-minister|title = Honourable Minister {{!}} Ministry of Civil Aviation|website = www.civilaviation.gov.in|access-date = 2016-03-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju comes from the [[Pusapati]] royal family of the [[Vizianagaram Estate|Vizianagaram estate]]. He is the son of Maharaja [[Pusapati Vijayarama Gajapati Raju|Pusapati Vijayarama Gajapathi Raju]], the last [[Vizianagaram Estate#List of title-holders|Maharaja of Vizianagram]]. His family is known for its philanthropy through its temples that include the famous [[Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam|Simhachalam]] temple and the Maharaja Alak Narayana Society for Arts and Sciences which runs a number of education institutions. He was educated at [[Scindia School]] Gwalior, [[The Hyderabad Public School, Begumpet|Hyderabad Public School]] and [[Dr. V. S. Krishna Govt. Degree & P.G College|V.S. Krishna College]], Visakhapatnam.<ref name="business-standard1">{{cite news|author=BS Reporter |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/ashok-gajapathi-raju-114052600980_1.html |title=Ashok Gajapathi Raju |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=Business Standard |date=26 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> His father Pusapati Vijayarama Gajapati Raju and his brother [[Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju (born 1950)|Pusapati Ananda Gajapathi Raju]] were also Indian parliamentarians and ministers in the state government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thekshatriyas.org/famous_people/p-ashok-gajapathi-raju/ |title=P Ashok Gajapathi Raju &#124; The Kshatriyas Association of North America |publisher=Thekshatriyas.org |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Aviation minister shuns privileges">{{cite news|title=Aviation minister shuns privileges, stands in queue, takes bus to aircraft|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/aviation-minister-shuns-privileges-stands-in-queue-takes-bus-to-aircraft/article1-1247913.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804010017/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/aviation-minister-shuns-privileges-stands-in-queue-takes-bus-to-aircraft/article1-1247913.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2014|access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> He is a former President of [[Andhra Cricket Association]]. His efforts resulted in the establishment of several centres for imparting training in several sports at many places including Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Vizianagaram.<ref name=":0" /> He is from royal [[Pusapati]] family of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and is 11th Custodian of his family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Royal House {{!}} A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF VIZIANAGARAM|url=http://mansasedu.org/Royal_House.html|access-date=2020-08-29|website=mansasedu.org}}</ref> He married Suneela in the year 1974 and has 2 daughters, one of whom is [[Pusapati Aditi Vijayalakshmi]], the MLA from [[Vizianagaram Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members : Lok Sabha|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4760&lastls=16|access-date=2020-08-29|website=164.100.47.194}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pativada |first=Sreenu Babu |date=2024-04-13 |title=2 women in fray to take forward family legacy in North Andhra politics |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Apr/13/2-women-in-fray-to-take-forward-family-legacy-in-north-andhra-politics |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath as Cabinet Minister to Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, at a Swearing-in Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 26, 2014.jpg|250px|thumb|President Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath as Cabinet Minister to Raju]]<br />
He won the [[Vizianagaram Assembly constituency|Vizianagaram]] Legislative Assembly constituency for the first time as [[Janata Party]] candidate in 1978. He joined the [[Telugu Desam Party]] when it was formed in 1982 and won the state assembly elections of 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2009. He won the [[2014 Indian general election]] to the [[16th Lok Sabha]] from [[Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vizianagaram]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0120.htm?ac=20 |title=Constituencywise-All Candidates |publisher=Eciresults.nic.in |date=17 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519002158/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0120.htm?ac=20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He served Andhra Pradesh as a Cabinet Minister for Excise, Commercial Taxes, Finance, Revenue and Legislative Affairs in State Government. He is a Politburo member in the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He was the Union minister for [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation]] in the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] cabinet. He resigned on 8 March 2018 over a dispute with central government to provide special status to Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nair|first1=Sobhana K.|title=TDP Ministers Ashok Gajapathi Raju and Y.S. Chowdary resign from Union Cabinet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tdp-ministers-ashok-gajapathi-raju-and-ys-chowdary-submit-resignations/article22983614.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=9 March 2018|language=en-IN|date=8 March 2018}}</ref><br />
== Goa Governorship ==<br />
On July 14, 2025, he was appointed as the Governor of Goa, with his swearing-in scheduled for July 26.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-14 |title=Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju appointed Governor of Goa |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/goa/pusapati-ashok-gajapathi-raju-appointed-governor-of-goa/article69810418.ece |access-date=2025-07-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He officially resigned from the TDP to take up the post and expressed gratitude to the party leadership for the opportunity to serve.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-07-08 |title=Senior leader Pusapati Ashok quits TDP; to take oath as Goa governor on July 26 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/Jul/19/senior-leader-pusapati-ashok-quits-tdp-to-take-oath-as-goa-governor-on-july-26 |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Other works ==<br />
He took an active part in the struggle for the formation of a new district viz. [[Vizianagaram]]. His interest to improve education in the district led to the establishment of several governmental and non-governmental educational institutions. He served as Chairman of The Maharaja Alak Narayana Society of Arts and Science (MANSAS) which is running twelve educational institutions in the district. As a Minister, he was associated with several developmental activities. He is keenly interested in the field of public health and the conservation of water and electricity. In pursuance of this ideal, he launched housing, drinking water and health schemes. He has traveled abroad to study town planning and to implement it suitably in Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-par|in-lwr}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Botsa Jhansi Lakshmi]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br>for [[Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vizianagaram]] |years=2014 – 2019}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Bellana Chandra Sekhar]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-off}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]]|years=26 May 2014 – 8 March 2018}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Suresh Prabhu]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Goa|Governor of Goa]]|years=26 July 2025 – Present}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}<br />
{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}<br />
{{16th LS members from Andhra Pradesh |state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Portal|India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju, Ashok Gajapati}}<br />
[[Category:1951 births]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Vizianagaram district]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]<br />
[[Category:Union ministers from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]<br />
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]<br />
[[Category:People from Uttarandhra]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Goa]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552802Governor (India)2026-08-07T13:47:05Z<p>Uikghh: /* List of incumbent governors of all Indian states */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashok Gajapathi Raju.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Chhattisgarh&diff=552801List of governors of Chhattisgarh2026-08-07T13:40:42Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state in state of Chhattisgarh}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
<!-- this article can be expanded in similar fashion to [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala]] --><br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| body = Chhattisgarh<br />
| insignia = Coat of arms of Chhattisgarh.svg<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Chhattisgarh]]<br />
| insigniasize = 120<br />
| incumbent = [[Ramen Deka]]|<br />
| image = Ramen Deka.png<br />
| imagesize = 180px<br />
| incumbentsince = 31 July 2024<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Chhattisgarh)|Lok Bhavan]]; [[Raipur]]<br />
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|2000|11|1}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Dinesh Nandan Sahay|D. N. Sahay]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
The '''governor of Chhattisgarh''' is the nominal [[head of state]] of the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]]. The governor is appointed by the [[president of India]]. The official residence of the governor is [[Raj Bhavan, Raipur|Raj Bhavan]].<br />
<br />
The position of the governor of Chhattisgarh came into existence following the creation of the state in November 2000 as a result of the [[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|bifurcation of Madhya Pradesh]]. The first governor to be appointed was [[Dinesh Nandan Sahay]] who served in office between 2000 and 2003. The current governor is [[Ramen Deka]] who has been in office since 31 July 2024. A total of 10 governors has served in the state.<br />
<br />
<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 Jul 2024 |title=Ramen Deka appointed as Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/ramen-deka-appointed-as-governor-of-chhattisgarh/articleshow/112092448.cms |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
[[File:India Chhattisgarh locator map.svg|left|thumb|160px|Chhattisgarh is in central India.]]<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions}}<br />
The governor enjoys many different types of powers:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor.<br />
<br />
Apart from enjoying various constitutional powers, the governor of Chhattisgarh is the ''ex-officio'' Chancellor of the state universities of Chhattisgarh. The universities include [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Sciences and Ayush University of Chhattisgarh]], [[Bastar Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Hemchand Yadav Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Sarguja University]], etc.<br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
<br />
{{quote|I, ''A. B.'', do swear in the name of God/solemly affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions of the Governor) of Chhattisgarh and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of Chhattisgarh.}} <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The inaugural governor of Chhattisgarh was retired Indian Police Service officer and former Bihar DGP [[Dinesh Nandan Sahay]] who served in office since the state's creation in November 2000 until he swapped positions with then Governor of Tripura Lieutenant General [[Krishna Mohan Seth]] (retired) in June 2003. <ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2018 |title=Chhattisgarh’s first Governor Dinesh Nandan Sahay passes away |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chhattisgarh-s-first-governor-passes-away-118012900584_1.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>Seth served in office until retiring in January 2007 and was succeeded by former Intelligence Bureau director [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]. Narasimhan served as the state's governor until being permanently transferred as Governor of Andhra Pradesh in January 2010, a position he was holding on additional basis since December 2009 following the resignation of [[N. D. Tiwari]]. Following the transfer of Narasimhan, former Defence Secretary [[Shekhar Dutt]] was appointed as the governor and he remained in office until resigning in June 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 July 2025 |title=Ex-defence secretary and former Chhattisgarh Governor Shekhar Dutt passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ex-defence-secretary-shekhar-dutt-passes-away/articleshow/122213193.cms |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Following Dutt's resignation, Madhya Pradesh governor [[Ram Naresh Yadav]] briefly acted as the state's governor. He was relieved of the additional duties following the appointment of [[Balram Das Tandon]] the following month. Tandon remained the governor until his demise in office on 14 August 2018, thus becoming the first and only sitting governor of the state to die in office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2018 |title=Balramji Das Tandon, former Chhattisgarh Governor, dies at 90 |url=https://www.ndtv.in/mp-chhattisgarh-news/chhattisgarh-governor-balramji-das-tandon-dies-1900399 |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=NDTV |language=hi}}</ref> He was succeeded by Madhya Pradesh governor [[Anandiben Patel]] on acting basis who served till July the next year and was succeeded by [[Anusuiya Uikey]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2018 |title=Anandiben Patel takes additional charge as Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.ibc24.in/state/anandiben-patel-cg-governor-40880-98270.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=IBC24 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2019 |title=Anusuiya Uikey assumes charge as new Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/anusuiya-uikey-assumes-charge-as-governor-of-chhattisgarh-119072901471_1.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> Uikey served as the state's governor until February 2023 and was transferred as Governor of Manipur and was succeeded by Andhra Pradesh governor [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2023 |title=Biswabhusan Harichandan sworn in as Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://scroll.in/latest/930784/anysuya-uikey-bb-harishchandran-appointed-governors-of-chhattisgarh-and-andhra-pradesh |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> Till July 2024, Harichandan remained in office and was replaced by [[Ramen Deka]]. Since then, Deka has been the governor of the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 Jul 2024 |title=रामेन डेका को छत्तीसगढ़ का नया राज्यपाल बनाया गया |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/chhattisgarh/who-is-ramen-deka-new-governor-of-chhattisgarh-know-about-him-2747539 |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=ABP Live |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List ==<br />
;Legend<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred<br />
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned<br />
<br />
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"<br />
! rowspan="2"| No.<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" | Governor <br><small>(lifespan)</small><br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" | Appointer<br/>(President)<br />
|- <br />
! style="width:9.5em"| Took office <br />
! style="width:9.5em"| Left office <br />
! style="width:5em"| Term length <br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[File:Dinesh Nandan Sahay, Governor of Tripura.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Dinesh Nandan Sahay]]'''<br>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br>(1936–2018)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| 1 November 2000<br />
| 1 June 2003{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tripura]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|1 November 2000|1 June 2003}}<br />
| [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh with the Governor of Chhattisgarh, Lt. Gen. (Retd.) K. M. Seth at Raj Bhawan in Raipur, during his one day visit to the State on April 30, 2005 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]}}<br>'''[[Krishna Mohan Seth]]''' {{small|(Retd)}}<br>{{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|AVSM}}<br>{{small|(born 1939)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| 2 June 2003<br />
| 25 January 2007<br />
| {{ayd|2 Jun 2003|25 Jan 2007}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[File:E. S. L. Narasimhan.JPG|80x80px]]<br />
| '''[[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]'''<br>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br>(born 1945)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| 26 January 2007<br />
| 23 January 2010{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|26 January 2007|23 January 2010}}<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[File:Shekhar Dutt.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shekhar Dutt]]'''<br>{{post-nominals|country=IND|SM}} {{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br>(1945–2025)}}<br />
| [[Assam]]<br />
| 23 January 2010<br />
| 19 June 2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| {{ayd|23 January 2010|19 June 2014}}<br />
| [[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[File:Ram Naresh Yadav (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | '''[[Ram Naresh Yadav]]'''<br>{{small|(1928–2016) (Additional charge)}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 19 June 2014 <br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 14 July 2014<br />
| {{ayd|19 June 2014|14 July 2014}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:Balram Tandon (cropped).jpg|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Balram Das Tandon]]'''<br>{{small|(1927–2018)}}<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| 18 July 2014<br />
| 14 August 2018{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| {{ayd|18 July 2014|14 August 2018}}<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Anandiben Patel]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1941) (Additional charge)}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Gujarat]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 15 August 2018<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 28 July 2019{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|15 August 2018|28 July 2019}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[File:The Vice President, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST), Mo Tribal Affairs, Ms. Anusuiya Uikey addressing a press conference, in New Delhi on September 24, 2018 (1) (cropped).JPG|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Anusuiya Uikey]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1957)}}<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| 29 July 2019<br />
| 22 February 2023{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Manipur]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|29 July 2019|22 February 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[File:The Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Biswabhusan Harichandan.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1934)}}<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br />
| 23 February 2023<br />
| 30 July 2024<br />
| {{ayd|23 February 2023|30 July 2024}}<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1954)}}<br />
| [[Assam]]<br />
| 31 July 2024<br />
| ''Incumbent'' <br />
| {{ayd|31 July 2024}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
* [[Governors of India#Powers and functions|Powers and functions of the governors of India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*http://www.dprcg.gov.in/content/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF<br />
<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
{{Chhattisgarh}}<br />
{{Governors of Chhattisgarh}}<br />
[[Category:Governors of Chhattisgarh|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:Chhattisgarh-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552800Governor (India)2026-08-07T13:39:51Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly&diff=552799West Bengal Legislative Assembly2026-08-07T12:24:30Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian political body}}<br />
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| background_color = #FF9933<br />
| text_color = white<br />
| name = West Bengal Legislative Assembly<br />
| legislature = [[18th West Bengal Assembly]]<br />
| coa_pic = [[File:Crest of West Bengal Legislative Assembly.jpg|120px]]<br />
| house_type = [[Unicameral]]<br />
| term_limits = [[List of political term limits#India|5 years]]<br />
| leader1_type = [[Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]<br />
| leader1 = TBD<br />
| party1 = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]<br />
| leader2 = TBD<br />
| party2 = <br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader3_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]] <br/> (Leader of the House)<br />
| leader3 = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
| party3 = [[BJP]]<br />
| election3 = 9 May, 2026<br />
| leader4_type = Deputy Leader of the House<br />
| leader4 = TBD<br />
| party4 = <br />
| election4 = <br />
| leader5_type = [[Leader of Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]<br />
| leader5 = TBD<br />
| party5 = <br />
| election5 = <br />
| leader6_type = Deputy Leader of the Opposition<br />
| leader6 = TBD<br />
| party6 = <br />
| election6 = <br />
| members = '''294'''<br />
| structure1 = {{Switcher|[[File:India 18th West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election 2026.svg|300px]]|By party|[[File:India 18th West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election Alliance Wise 2026.svg|300px]]|By alliance}}<br />
| structure1_res = <br />
| political_groups1 = <!-- Do not make changes to Party totals without making corresponding changes under section 'Members of Legislative Assembly' --><br />
'''[[Government of West Bengal|Government]] (207)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (207)<br />
'''[[Official Opposition]] (80)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (80)<br />
<br />
'''[[Parliamentary Opposition|Other Opposition]] (6)'''<br />
<br />
* {{Color box|{{Party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}} '''[[Left Front-led Alliance|LF+]]''' (2)<br />
** {{Color box|#CC0D0D}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)<br />
** {{Color box|{{Party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} [[All India Secular Front|AISF]] (1)<br />
* {{Color box|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)<br />
* {{Color box|#8AB800}} [[Aam Janata Unnayan Party|AJUP]] (2)<br />
'''Vacant (1)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#FFFFFF}} Vacant (2)<br />
<!-- Do not make changes to Party totals without making corresponding changes under section 'Members of Legislative Assembly' -->| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]<br />
| last_election1 = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|23–29 April 2026]]<br />
| next_election1 = 2031<br />
| session_room = West Bengal State Legislative Assembly House, Kolkata.jpg<br />
| session_res = <br />
| meeting_place = Vidhan Sabha, [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| website = {{url|https://assembly.wb.gov.in/}}<br />
| footnotes = The Assembly was established in 1862 for the [[Bengal Presidency]]. The Presidency became the state of [[West Bengal]] in the [[Republic of India]] in 1950; the state of West Bengal in its current state was formed on 1 May 1960.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''West Bengal Legislative Assembly''' is the [[unicameral]] legislature of the [[India]]n [[states and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is located in the [[B. B. D. Bagh]] area of [[Kolkata]], the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|294]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of Legislative Assembly]], all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Complete view of West Bengal Assembly building in Kolkata 04.jpg|thumb|left|Complete view of West Bengal Assembly building]]<br />
[[File:West Bengal Legislative Assembly Entrance - Kolkata 2011-12-18 0339.JPG|thumb|left|Entrance of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[File:Assembly House of West Bengal, Kolkata6.jpg|thumb|left|Inside the Assembly House]]<br />
<br />
The history of the West Bengal Legislature can be traced back to 18 January 1862 when under the [[Indian Councils Act 1861]], a 12 Member Legislative Council for [[Bengal Presidency]] was established by the Governor-General of British India with the Lt. Governor of Bengal and some nominated members. The strength of the council was gradually enlarged by subsequent acts. Under the [[Indian Councils Act 1892]], the maximum strength of the council was raised to 20 out of which seven were to be elected. The [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] further raised the number of members of the council to 50. Under the [[Government of India Act 1919]], the number of members of the Legislative Council was once again raised to 125. The Bengal Legislative Council constituted under the Government of India Act 1919 was formally inaugurated on 1 February 1921 by the [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Duke of Connaught]].<br />
<br />
A few years later, under the provisions of the [[Government of India Act 1935]], two chambers of the Bengal Provincial Legislature: the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly, were created. The life of the assembly, consisting of 250 members, was to be five years unless dissolved sooner; while the council, with a membership of not less than 63 and not more than 65, was made a permanent body and not subject to dissolution with the provision that one-third of the members should retire every three years.<br />
<br />
On the eve of Independence in 1947, Bengal Province was partitioned into [[West Bengal]] and [[East Bengal]] ([[East Pakistan]]). The West Bengal Legislative Assembly was constituted with 90 members representing the constituencies that fell within the area of West Bengal and two nominated members from [[Anglo-Indian]] community. The Bengal Legislative Council stood abolished. The Legislative Assembly met for the first time after Independence on 21 November 1947.<br />
<br />
The Constitution of India again provided for a bicameral Legislature for West Bengal. Accordingly, the West Bengal Legislative Council consisting of 51 members was constituted on 5 June 1952. The number of members in the Legislative Assembly was 240 including two nominated members from the Anglo-Indian Community. After the first General Elections, the new Assembly met for the first time on 18 June 1952.<br />
<br />
On 21 March 1969, a resolution was passed by the West Bengal Legislative Assembly for the abolition of the Legislative Council. Subsequently, Indian Parliament passed the West Bengal Legislative Council (Abolition) Act, 1969 abolishing the Legislative Council with effect from 1 August 1969.<br />
<br />
== Office bearers==<br />
{{transcluded section|source=18th West Bengal Assembly}}<br />
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th West Bengal Assembly|Office bearers}}}}<br />
<br />
== List of Assemblies ==<br />
{{see also|List of chief ministers of West Bengal}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Assembly<br />
!Election Year<br />
!Speaker<br />
!Chief Minister<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Opposition Leader<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9" |Legislative Assembly under the Government of India Act, 1935<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Provincial Assembly (1946–52)<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1946 Indian provincial elections|January 1946]]<br />
| [[Bijoy Prasad Singh Roy]]<br />
| [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
! rowspan=2 colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ishwar Das Jalan]]<br />
| [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9" |Legislative Assembly under the Constitution of India<br />
|-<br />
|1st Assembly<br />
|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
|[[Saila Kumar Mukherjee|Saila Mukherjee]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2nd Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|[[Sankar Das Banerji]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Jyoti Basu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outlook India Magazine Online- Read News India, Latest News Analysis, World, Sports, Entertainment {{!}} Best Online Magazine India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/ |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410123959/http://www.outlookindia.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
|Bankim Chandra Kar<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |3rd Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Keshab Chandra Basu<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |4th Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bijoy Kumar Banerjee]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bangla Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]] ([[United Front (1967)|United Front]])<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Khagendra Nath Dasgupta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament – Lok Sabha - Profile |url=http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-703-Dasgupta,%20Shri%20Khagendra%C2%A0Nath |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221603/http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-703-Dasgupta,%20Shri%20Khagendra%C2%A0Nath |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<br />
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (Progressive Democratic Front)<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|5th Assembly<br />
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|[[Bijoy Kumar Banerjee]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bangla Congress}}"|<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]] ([[Second United Front Cabinet|United Front]])<br />
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=- West Bengal Legislative Assembly |url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/report.aspx |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=wbassembly.gov.in |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120193626/http://wbassembly.gov.in/Error_ISE.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/report.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|6th Assembly<br />
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|Apurba Lal Majumdar<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />(Democratic Coalition)<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|7th Assembly<br />
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|Apurba Lal Majumdar<br />
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]] (Progressive Democratic Alliance)<br />
|[[Biswanath Mukherjee (politician)|Biswanath Mukherjee]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|8th Assembly<br />
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|[[S. A. M. Habibullah]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Jyoti Basu]]<br />
| rowspan="8" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
| rowspan="8" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] <br /> ([[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]])<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
|9th Assembly<br />
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Hashim Abdul Halim]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Abdus Sattar (Murshidabad politician)|Abdus Sattar]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|10th Assembly<br />
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |11th Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
|Zainal Abedin<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|12th Assembly<br />
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|[[Atish Chandra Sinha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Leader of Opposition Atish Chanda Sinha dead |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20100304/1457561.html |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=news.webindia123.com |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531032918/https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20100304/1457561.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|13th Assembly<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]<br />
|[[Pankaj Kumar Banerjee|Pankaj Banerjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-26 |title=Former opposition leader and one of the founder of Trinamool Congress Pankaj Banerjee Passes Away. – News18 Bangla |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/former-opposition-leader-and-one-of-the-founder-of-trinamool-congress-pankaj-banerjee-passes-away-229238.html |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531092812/https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/former-opposition-leader-and-one-of-the-founder-of-trinamool-congress-pankaj-banerjee-passes-away-229238.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|14th Assembly<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|[[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team Mamata |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110409/jsp/nation/story_13831831.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203171255/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110409/jsp/nation/story_13831831.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|15th Assembly<br />
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Biman Banerjee]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Mamata Banerjee]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
|[[Surjya Kanta Mishra]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-03 |title=Surjya Kanta Mishra: A profile |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Profile-of-Surjya-Kanta-Mishra/article60407786.ece |access-date=2022-04-10 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410124250/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Profile-of-Surjya-Kanta-Mishra/article60407786.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[16th West Bengal Assembly|16th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|[[Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician)|Abdul Mannan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Abdul Mannan to be new leader of opposition in Bengal assembly |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Congress-Abdul-Mannan-to-be-new-leader-of-opposition-in-Bengal-assembly/articleshow/52508761.cms |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816084102/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Congress-Abdul-Mannan-to-be-new-leader-of-opposition-in-Bengal-assembly/articleshow/52508761.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[17th West Bengal Assembly|17th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/suvendu-adhikari-leader-of-opposition-vs-mamata-banerjee-west-bengal-assembly-bjp-legislative-party-leader/2249141/|title=Suvendu Adhikari elected as Leader of Opposition in West Bengal Assembly|work=Financial Express|accessdate=10 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[18th West Bengal Assembly|18th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
|<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Ritabrata Banerjee]] <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{{transcluded section|source=18th West Bengal Assembly}}<br />
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th West Bengal Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly}}}}<br />
<br />
==Vacancies==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Date for by-poll<br />
!Constituency<br />
!Previous MLA <br />
!Political Party<br />
!Vacant Since<br />
!Reason<br />
!Elected MLA<br />
!Political Party<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|''Not declared'' <br />
|[[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]]<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]] <br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br />
|rowspan=2|13 May 2026<br />
|rowspan=2|Resigned<br />
|rowspan=2|TBA<br />
|rowspan=2|TBA<br />
|-<br />
|Rejinagar<br />
|Humayun Kabir<br />
|AJUP<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of by-elections to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* [https://www.loksabhaelections.in/west-bengal West Bengal Lok Sabha Election Results Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002559/https://www.loksabhaelections.in/west-bengal |date=8 November 2020 }}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Official website|https://assembly.wb.gov.in/}}<br />
<br />
{{West Bengal elections}}<br />
{{West Bengal topics}}<br />
{{Legislatures of India}}<br />
{{Current Indian assemblies}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}<br />
[[Category:West Bengal Legislative Assembly| ]]<br />
[[Category:State lower houses in India]]<br />
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures]]<br />
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Gujarat&diff=552798List of governors of Gujarat2026-08-07T12:03:28Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
<!-- this article can be expanded in similar fashion to [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala]] --><br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| title = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| body = [[Gujarat]]<br />
| insignia = <br />
| insigniacaption = <br />
| incumbent = [[Acharya Devvrat]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 22 July 2019<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Gujarat)|Raj Bhavan]]; [[Gandhinagar]]<br />
| termlength = Five Years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1960|05|01}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Mehdi Nawaz Jung]]<br />
| website = https://rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in<br />
| image = Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:India Gujarat locator map.svg|upright|thumb|Gujarat is in western India.]]<br />
The '''Governor of Gujarat''' is a nominal head and representative of the [[President of India]] in the state of [[Gujarat]]. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years and resides in [[Raj Bhavan (Gujarat)|Raj Bhavan]] in [[Gandhinagar]]. [[Acharya Devvrat]] took charge as the Governor on 22 July 2019.<br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions}}<br />
The Governor enjoys many different types of powers:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.<br />
<br />
==Governors of Gujarat==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''#'''<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''Name'''<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''Took Office'''<br />
! bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''Left Office'''<br />
|-<br />
! | 1<br />
| [[Mehdi Nawaz Jung]]<br />
| 1 May 1960<br />
| 1 Aug 1965<br />
|-<br />
! | 2<br />
| [[Nityanand Kanungo]]<br />
| 1 Aug 1965<br />
| 7 Dec 1967<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| |[[P.N. Bhagwati]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 7 Dec 1967<br />
| 26 Dec 1967<br />
|-<br />
! | 3<br />
| [[Shriman Narayan]]<br />
| 26 Dec 1967<br />
| 17 Mar 1973<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| |[[P.N. Bhagwati]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 17 Mar 1973<br />
| 4 Apr 1973<br />
|-<br />
! | 4<br />
| [[Kambanthodath Kunhan Vishwanatham]]<br />
| 4 Apr 1973<br />
| 14 Aug 1978<br />
|-<br />
! | 5<br />
| [[Sharda Mukherjee]]<br />
| 14 Aug 1978<br />
| 6 Aug 1983<br />
|-<br />
! | 6<br />
| [[K.M. Chandy (politician)|K.M. Chandy]]<br />
| 6 Aug 1983<br />
| 26 Apr 1984<br />
|-<br />
! | 7<br />
| [[Braj Kumar Nehru]]<br />
| 26 Apr 1984<br />
| 26 Feb 1986<br />
|-<br />
! | 8<br />
| [[R. K. Trivedi|Ram Krishna Trivedi]]<br />
| 26 Feb 1986<br />
| 2 May 1990<br />
|-<br />
! | 9<br />
| [[Mahipal Shastri]]<br />
| 2 May 1990<br />
| 21 Dec 1990<br />
|-<br />
! | 10<br />
| [[Sarup Singh]]<br />
| 21 Dec 1990<br />
| 1 Jul 1995<br />
|-<br />
! | 11<br />
| [[Naresh Chandra]]<br />
| 1 Jul 1995<br />
| 1 Mar 1996<br />
|-<br />
! | 12<br />
| [[Krishna Pal Singh]]<br />
| 1 Mar 1996<br />
| 25 Apr 1998<br />
|-<br />
! | 13<br />
| [[Anshuman Singh]]<br />
| 25 Apr 1998<br />
| 16 Jan 1999<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| |[[K.G. Balakrishnan]]<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990114/01450725.html K.G. Balakrishnan as Governor of Gujarat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124935/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990114/01450725.html |date=2007-09-29 }}</ref> ''(acting)''<br />
| 16 Jan 1999<br />
| 18 Mar 1999<br />
|-<br />
! | 14<br />
| [[Sunder Singh Bhandari]]<br />
| 18 Mar 1999<br />
| 7 May 2003<br />
|-<br />
! | 15<br />
| [[Kailashpati Mishra]]<br />
| 7 May 2003<br />
| 2 Jul 2004<br />
|-<br />
! | <br />
| [[Balram Jakhar]]<br />
''(additional charge)'' <br />
| 2 Jul 2004<br />
| 24 Jul 2004<br />
|-<br />
! | 16<br />
| [[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]<br />
| 24 Jul 2004<br />
| 24 Jul 2009<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| [[S. C. Jamir]] ''(additional charge)'' <ref>Jamir served as acting governor during Dwivedi's official term of service as well as after his death.</ref><br />
| 30 Jul 2009<br />
| 26 Nov 2009<br />
|-<br />
! | 17<br />
| [[Kamla Beniwal]]<br />
| 27 Nov 2009<br />
| 6 July 2014<br />
|-<br />
! | -<br />
| [[ Margaret Alva ]] ''(additional charge)''<br />
| 7 July 2014<br />
| 15 July 2014<br />
|-<br />
! | 18<br />
| [[Om Prakash Kohli]]<br />
| 16 July 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=O P Kohli takes oath as Gujarat governor|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/O-P-Kohli-takes-oath-as-Gujarat-governor/articleshow/38497415.cms|work=Timesofindia Journal|access-date=19 July 2014}}</ref><br />
| 21 July 2019<br />
|-<br />
! | 19<br />
| [[Acharya Devvrat]]<br />
| 22 July 2019<br />
| ''Incumbent''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Governor of Gujarat}}<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
{{Gujarat}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Gujurat]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Gujarat| ]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sankar_Sikder&diff=552797Sankar Sikder2026-08-07T11:58:57Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English}}<br />
'''Sankar Sikder''' (born 10 December 1979) is an Indian politician serving as the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Behala Purba Assembly constituency|Behala Purba]]. <br />
{{Infobox officeholder <br />
| name = Sankar Sikder<br />
| image = Sankar Sikder.png<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| caption = Sikder, {{circa|2026}}<br />
| office1 = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start1 = 13 May 2026{{efn|He was elected on 4 May 2026, but formally took oath on 13 May 2026}}<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Ratna Chatterjee]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[Behala Purba Assembly constituency|Behala Purba]]<br />
| birth_date = 10 December 1979 (age {{age in years|10 December 1979}} years)<br />
| birth_place = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
}}<br />
== See also ==<br />
# [[Indranil Khan]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sankar_Sikder&diff=552796Sankar Sikder2026-08-07T11:54:42Z<p>Uikghh: Created page with "{{Use Indian English}} '''Sankar Sikder''' (born 10 December 1979) is an Indian politician serving as the Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly representing Behala Purba. {{Infobox officeholder | name = Sankar Sikder | image = Sankar Sikder.png | image_size = 180px | caption = Sikder, {{circa|2026}} | office1 = Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assem..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English}}<br />
'''Sankar Sikder''' (born 10 December 1979) is an Indian politician serving as the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Behala Purba Assembly constituency|Behala Purba]]. <br />
{{Infobox officeholder <br />
| name = Sankar Sikder<br />
| image = Sankar Sikder.png<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| caption = Sikder, {{circa|2026}}<br />
| office1 = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start1 = 13 May 2026<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Ratna Chatterjee]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[Behala Purba Assembly constituency|Behala Purba]]<br />
}}<br />
== See also ==<br />
# [[Indranil Khan]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Manipur&diff=552795List of governors of Manipur2026-08-07T11:46:07Z<p>Uikghh: /* Governors of Manipur */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor of Manipur<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = '''Raj Bhavan'''<br />
| flag = <br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = <br />
| flagborder = yes<br />
| image =The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg<br />
| incumbent = [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 3 January 2025<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Manipur)|Raj Bhavan]]; [[Imphal]]<br />
| termlength = 5 Years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1972|01|21}}<br />
| inaugural = [[B. K. Nehru]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Governor of Manipur''' is the nominal head and representative of the [[President of India]] in the state of [[Manipur]]. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years. The current and 25th Governor of Manipur is [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]] from January 3, 2025.<br />
<br />
==Governors of Manipur==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- style="background:#ccc;" <br />
|| '''#'''<br />
|| ''''Portrait'''<br />
|| '''Name'''<br />
|| '''Took Office'''<br />
|| '''Left Office'''<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 1<br />
|| [[File:Braj Kumar Nehru with Kennedy (cropped).jpg|95x95px]]<br />
|| [[B. K. Nehru]]<br />
|| 21 January 1972<br />
|| 20 September 1973<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 2<br />
||<br />
|| [[L.P. Singh]]<br />
|| 21 September 1973<br />
|| 11 August 1981<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 3<br />
||<br />
|| [[S. M. H. Burney]]<br />
|| 18 August 1981<br />
|| 11 June 1984<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 4<br />
|| [[File:General Kotikalapudi Venkata Krishna Rao.jpg|75px]]<br />
|| [[K. V. Krishna Rao]]<br />
|| 2 June 1984<br />
|| 7 July 1989<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 5<br />
||<br />
|| [[Chintamani Panigrahi]]<br />
|| 10 July 1989<br />
|| 19 March 1993<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 6<br />
||<br />
|| [[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]<br />
|| 20 March 1993<br />
|| 30 August 1993<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 7<br />
||<br />
|| Lt.Gen. [[V. K. Nayar]]<br />
|| 31 August 1993<br />
|| 22 December 1994<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 8<br />
||<br />
|| [[O.N. Shrivastava]]<br />
|| 23 December 1994<br />
|| 11 February 1999<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 9<br />
||<br />
|| [[Ved Marwah]]<br />
|| 2 December 1999<br />
|| 12 June 2003<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 10<br />
||<br />
|| [[Arvind Dave]]<br />
|| 13 June 2003<br />
|| 5 August 2004<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 11<br />
|| [[File:Shivinder Singh Sidhu.jpg|75px]]<br />
|| [[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]]<br />
|| 6 August 2004<br />
|| 22 July 2008<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 12<br />
| style="background:#def;" |<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[Gurbachan Jagat]]<ref name="manipurassembly">{{cite web|url=http://manipurassembly.nic.in/html/governor.html|title=Manipur Legislative Assembly-Bills Passed-Subject-wise|publisher=manipurassembly.nic.in|access-date=14 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513073454/http://manipurassembly.nic.in/html/governor.html|archive-date=13 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| style="background:#def;"| 23 July 2008<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 22 July 2013<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 13<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:Ashwani Kumar (governor).jpg]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[Ashwani Kumar (IPS)|Ashwani Kumar]]<ref name="thehindu">{{cite web|url=http://thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ashwani-kumar-sworn-in-as-governor-of-manipur/article4966677.ece|title=Ashwani Kumar sworn in as Governor of Manipur|work=The Hindu|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref><br />
| style="background:#def;"| 23 July 2013<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 31 December 2013<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 14<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:Vinod Kumar Duggal in New Delhi on August 29, 2005 (cropped).jpg|75px]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[Vinod Duggal]]<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/vinod-kumar-duggal-takes-over-as-manipurs-governor/article5523162.ece|title=Vinod Kumar Duggal sworn in Manipur Governor|work=The Hindu|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref><br />
| style="background:#def;"| 31 December 2013<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 28 August 2014<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"|15<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:Governor of Uttarakhand Krishan Kant Paul (cropped).jpg|100x100px]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[K. K. Paul]] <br> ''(additional charge)''<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 16 September 2014<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 15 May 2015<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 16<br />
| style="background:#def;" |[[File:Syed Ahmed (politician).jpg|75px]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[Syed Ahmed (politician)|Syed Ahmed]]<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 16 May 2015<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 27 September 2015<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"|17<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:The Governor-designate of Meghalaya, Shri V. Shanmuganathan calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on May 13, 2015.jpg (cropped).jpg|92x92px]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[V. Shanmuganathan]] <br> ''(additional charge)''<ref name="pib">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=128253|title=English Releases|publisher=pib.nic.in|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref><br />
| style="background:#def;"| 30 September 2015<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 17 August 2016<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 18<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:Najma Heptulla.jpg|100x100px]]<br />
|| [[Najma A. Heptulla]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/press-release-detail.htm?2392 |title=Press Releases |publisher=The President of India |access-date=2018-07-29}}</ref><br />
|| 21 August 2016<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 26 July 2019<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"|19<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:Smriti Irani meeting the Governor of Tripura Padmanabha Balakrishna Acharya (cropped).jpg|101x101px]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[Padmanabha Acharya]] <br> ''(additional charge)''<br />
|style="background:#def;" | 27 June 2019 <br> {{small|''(Assumed charge in Heptulla's absence)''}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Acharya sworn in as Governor of Manipur|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/acharya-sworn-in-as-governor-of-manipur-119062701276_1.html|access-date=13 August 2019|work=Business Standard|date=27 June 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| style="background:#def;"| 23 July 2019<br />
|- style="background:#def;" <br />
|| 20<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:The Governor of Manipur, Dr. Najma Heptulla calling on the Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, in New Delhi on September 07, 2017 (cropped).jpg|96x96px]]<br />
|| [[Najma Heptulla]]<br />
|| 24 July 2019<br />
|style="background:#def;" | 10 August 2021<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 21<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[File:The Governor of Meghalaya, Shri Ganga Prasad calling on the Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, in New Delhi on February 05, 2018 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[Ganga Prasad]] <br> ''(additional charge)''<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 12 August 2021 <br> {{small|''(Assumed charge in Heptulla's absence)''}}<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 26 August 2021<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 22<br />
| style="background:#def;" |[[File:La Ganesan Ji (cropped).jpg|84x84px]]<br />
| style="background:#def;" | [[La. Ganesan]]<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 27 August 2021<br />
| style="background:#def;"| 22 February 2023<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
|[[File:Anusuiya Uikey (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
|'''[[Anusuiya Uikey]]'''<br />
|22 February 2023<br />
|29 July 2024<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"|<br />
! 24<br />
|[[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|88x88px]]<br />
|'''[[Lakshman Acharya]]''' <br />
<small>(Additional charge)</small><br />
|31 July 2024<br />
|3 January 2025<br />
|-<br />
! 25<br />
|[[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
|'''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]''' <br />
|3 January 2025<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Manipur]]<br />
* [[Chief Minister of Manipur]]<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}7. [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/sikkim-governor-sworn-in-as-governor-in-charge-of-manipur/article35875622.ece https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other- states/sikkim-governor-sworn-in-as-governor-in-charge-of-manipur/article35875622.ece] <br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{URL|web.archive.org/web/20070220092917/http://manipur.nic.in/rajbhawan.asp|Manipur Raj Bhavan}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Governors of Manipur}}<br />
[[Category:Governors of Manipur| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Manipur-related lists|Governors]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-gov-stub}}</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Assam&diff=552794List of governors of Assam2026-08-07T11:45:34Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Assam's governors}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor of Assam<br />
| insignia = File:Seal of Assam.svg<br />
| insigniasize = <br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Assam]]<br />
| image = Lakshman Acharya.png<br />
| incumbent = [[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman Prasad Acharya]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 30 July 2024<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan, Guwahati]]<br />
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1947|08|15}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari]]<br />
| website = https://rajbhavan.assam.gov.in<br />
}}<br />
This is a list of '''governors of [[Assam]]'''. The governor of Assam is the nominal head of the Indian state of [[Assam]]. The governor is appointed by the [[president of India]]. The current governor is [[Lakshman Acharya]].<br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
{{see also|Governors of India#Powers and functions}}<br />
<br />
The governor has:<br />
<br />
* Executive powers related to administration, appointments and removals<br />
* Legislative powers related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad<br />
* Discretionary powers to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor<br />
== List of governors ==<br />
;Legend<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred<br />
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed<br />
<br />
;Color key<br />
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"<br />
! rowspan="2"| #<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small><br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President)<br />
|- <br />
! style="width:7em"| From<br />
! style="width:7em"| To<br />
! style="width:5em"| Time in office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari]]'''<br/>{{small|(1894{{ndash}}1948)}}<br />
| [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]<br />
| {{small|4 May}}<br/>1947<br />
| {{small|28 December}}<br/>1948{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|4 May 1947|28 Dec 1948}}'''<br />
| [[Lord Mountbatten]]<br/>{{small|(Governor-General)}}<br />
|- <br />
! 2<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Ronald Lodge|Sir Ronald Francis Lodge]]'''<br/>{{small|(1889{{ndash}}1960)<br/>(Acting)}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{ndash}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|30 December}}<br/>1948<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|15 February}}<br/>1949<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|30 Dec 1948|15 Feb 1949}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[C. Rajagopalachari]]<br/>{{small|(Governor-General)}}<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[File:Sri Prakasa Portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Sri Prakasa]]'''<br/>{{small|(1890{{ndash}}1971)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|16 February}}<br/>1949<br />
| {{small|26 May}}<br/>1950<br />
| '''{{ayd|16 Feb 1949|26 May 1950}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[File:Jairamdas Daulatram 1985 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jairamdas Daulatram]]'''<br/>{{small|(1891{{ndash}}1979}}<br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|27 May}}<br/>1950<br />
| {{small|14 May}}<br/>1956<br />
| '''{{ayd|27 May 1950|14 May 1956}}'''<br />
| rowspan="6"| [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[File:Saiyid Fazl Ali.jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|Justice (Retd)}}<br/>'''[[Fazl Ali|Saiyid Fazl Ali]]'''<br/>{{small|(1886{{ndash}}1959)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|15 May}}<br/>1956<br />
| {{small|22 August}}<br/>1959{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|15 May 1956|22 Aug 1959}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Chandreswar Prasad Sinha]]'''<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|23 August}}<br/>1959<br />
| {{small|13 October}}<br/>1959<br />
| '''{{ayd|23 Aug 1959|13 Oct 1959}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| [[File:General Satyawant Mallana Srinagesh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|[[General (India)|General]]}}<br/>'''[[S. M. Shrinagesh]]''' {{small|(Retd)<br/>(1903{{ndash}}1977)}}<br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|14 October}}<br/>1959<br />
| {{small|12 November}}<br/>1960<br />
| '''{{ayd|14 Oct 1959|12 Nov 1960}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 8<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[Vishnu Sahay]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]<br/>(1901{{ndash}}1989)}}<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|12 November}}<br/>1960<br />
| {{small|12 February}}<br/>1961<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Nov 1960|12 Feb 1961}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[File:General Satyawant Mallana Srinagesh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|[[General (India)|General]]}}<br/>'''[[S. M. Shrinagesh]]''' {{small|(Retd)<br/>(1903{{ndash}}1977)}}<br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|13 February}}<br/>1961<br />
| {{small|7 September}}<br/>1962<br />
| '''{{ayd|13 Feb 1961|7 Sep 1962}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[Vishnu Sahay]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1901{{ndash}}1989)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|8 September}}<br/>1962{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Nagaland]] (1963{{ndash}}1968)}}<br />
| {{small|16 April}}<br/>1968<br />
| '''{{ayd|8 Sep 1962|16 Apr 1968}}'''<br />
| [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[File:Braj Kumar Nehru with Kennedy (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Braj Kumar Nehru]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1909{{ndash}}2001)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|17 April}}<br/>1968{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Nagaland]] (1968{{ndash}}1973)}}<br />
| {{small|7 December}}<br/>1970<br />
| '''{{ayd|17 Apr 1968|7 Dec 1970}}'''<br />
| [[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Parbati Kumar Goswami]]'''<br/>{{small|(1913{{ndash}}1992)}}<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Assam]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|8 December}}<br/>1970<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|4 January}}<br/>1971<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|8 Dec 1970|4 Jan 1971}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[V. V. Giri]]<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
| [[File:Braj Kumar Nehru with Kennedy (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Braj Kumar Nehru]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1909{{ndash}}2001)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|5 January}}<br/>1971{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Meghalaya]], [[Governor of Manipur|Manipur]], and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]] (1972{{ndash}}1973)}}<br />
| {{small|18 September}}<br/>1973<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 Jan 1971|18 Sep 1973}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[Lallan Prasad Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1912{{ndash}}1998)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|19 September}}<br/>1973{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Manipur]], [[Governor of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]], [[Governor of Nagaland|Nagaland]], and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]]}}<br />
| {{small|11 August}}<br/>1981<br />
| '''{{ayd|19 Sep 1973|11 Aug 1981}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
| [[File:Prakash Mehrotra.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Prakash Mehrotra]]'''<br/>{{small|(1925{{ndash}}1988)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|12 August}}<br/>1981{{efn-lg|name=AS|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Meghalaya]]}}<br />
| {{small|28 March}}<br/>1984{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Aug 1981|28 Mar 1984}}'''<br />
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Tribeni Sahai Misra]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}2005)}}<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|28 March}}<br/>1984{{efn-lg|name=AS}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|15 April}}<br/>1984<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|28 Mar 1984|15 Apr 1984}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Zail Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[File:Bhishma Narain Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1933{{ndash}}2018)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|15 April}}<br/>1984{{efn-lg|name=AS}}<br />
| {{small|11 May}}<br/>1989<br />
| '''{{ayd|15 Apr 1984|11 May 1989}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| [[File:Haridev Joshi.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Hari Dev Joshi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1920{{ndash}}1995)}}<br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| {{small|10 May}}<br/>1989{{efn-lg|name=AS}}<br />
| {{small|21 July}}<br/>1989{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|10 May 1989|21 Jul 1989}}'''<br />
| rowspan="4"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 19<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Anisetti Raghuvir]]'''<br/>{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2007)<br />(Acting)}}<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|27 July}}<br/>1989<br />
| {{small|1 May}}<br/>1990<br />
| '''{{ayd|27 Jul 1989|1 May 1990}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 20<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[Devi Das Thakur]]'''<br/>{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2007)}}<br />
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| {{small|2 May}}<br/>1990<br />
| {{small|17 March}}<br/>1991{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|2 May 1990|17 Mar 1991}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
| [[File:Lokanath Misra.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lokanath Misra]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}2009)}}<br />
| [[Orissa]]<br />
| {{small|17 March}}<br/>1991<br />
| {{small|1 September}}<br/>1997<br />
| '''{{ayd|17 Mar 1991|1 Sep 1997}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 22<br />
| [[File:Former Governor S. K. Sinha (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]}}<br/>'''[[Srinivas Kumar Sinha]]''' {{small|(Retd)}}<br/>{{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|ADC}}<br/>{{small|(1926{{ndash}}2016)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|1 September}}<br/>1997<br />
| {{small|21 April}}<br/>2003{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Sep 1997|21 Apr 2003}}'''<br />
| [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Arvind Dave.jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Arvind Dave]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1940)}}<br/><small>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|21 April}}<br/>2003<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|5 June}}<br/>2003<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|21 Apr 2003|5 Jun 2003}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-<br />
! 24<br />
| [[File:Governor of Assam Lieutenant General (Retd.) Ajai Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]}}<br/>'''[[Ajai Singh]]'''<br/>{{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|AVSM}}<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2023)}}<br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| {{small|5 June}}<br/>2003<br />
| {{small|4 July}}<br/>2008<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 Jun 2003|4 Jul 2008}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 25<br />
| [[File:Assam Governor Shiv Charan Mathur in 2008 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Charan Mathur]]'''<br/>{{small|(1927{{ndash}}2009)}}<br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| {{small|4 July}}<br/>2008<br />
| {{small|25 June}}<br/>2009{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|4 Jul 2008|25 Jun 2009}}'''<br />
| rowspan="4"| [[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 26 <br />
| [[File:Governor of Maharashtra, Shri K. Sankaranarayanan with Vice President Hamid Ansari at TISS in 2013.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[K. Sankaranarayanan|Kateekal Sankaranarayan]]'''<br />
<small>(1932- 2022)</small><br /><small>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
| [[Kerala]]<br />
| {{small|26 June}}<br/>2009<br />
| {{small|26 July}}<br/>2009{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jharkhand]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|26 Jun 2009|26 Jul 2009}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 27<br />
| [[File:Syed Sibtey Razi in 2015 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Sibtey Razi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1939{{ndash}}2022)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|27 July}}<br/>2009<br />
| {{small|10 December}}<br/>2009<br />
| '''{{ayd|27 Jul 2009|10 Dec 2009}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 28<br />
| [[File:Assam Governor Janaki Ballabh Patnaik at Platinum Jubilee of Assam Legislative Assembly (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]'''<br/>{{small|(1927{{ndash}}2015)}}<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br />
| {{small|11 December}}<br/>2009<br />
| {{small|10 December}}<br/>2014<br />
| '''{{ayd|11 Dec 2009|10 Dec 2014}}'''<br />
|- <br />
! 29<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Smriti Irani meeting the Governor of Tripura Padmanabha Balakrishna Acharya (cropped).jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Padmanabha Acharya|Padmanabha B. Acharya]]'''<br/><small>(1931- 2023)</small><br/><small>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Karnataka]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|11 December}}<br/>2014<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|21 August}}<br/>2016<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|11 Dec 2014|21 Aug 2016}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
! 30<br />
| [[File:The Governor of Assam, Shri Banwarilal Purohit calling on the Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs, Shri Arun Jaitley, in New Delhi on August 30, 2016 (cropped).jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[Banwarilal Purohit]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1940)}}<br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|22 August}}<br/>2016<br />
| {{small|9 October}}<br/>2017{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|22 Aug 2016|9 Oct 2017}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 31<br />
| [[File:The Governor of Assam, Shri Jagdish Mukhi meeting the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on October 28, 2018 (cropped).JPG|90x90px]]<br />
| '''[[Jagdish Mukhi]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1942)}}<br />
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi|Delhi]] <small>(NCT)</small><br />
| {{small|10 October}}<br/>2017<br />
| {{small|21 February}}<br/>2023<br />
| '''{{ayd|10 Oct 2017|21 Feb 2023}}'''<br />
| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
! 32<br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria Minister.jpg|78x78px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1944)}}<br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| {{small|22 February}}<br/>2023<br />
| {{small|29 July}}<br/>2024{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] and [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|22 Feb 2023|29 Jul 2024}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
! 33<br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman Prasad Acharya]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1954)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|30 July}}<br/>2024<br />
| ''Incumbent'' <br />
| '''{{ayd|30 Jul 2024}}'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
==Timeline==<br />
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
| <strong>Timeline of Assam governors</strong><br />
|-<br />
|<br />
{{#tag:timeline|<br />
ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:13<br />
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:70 right:130 left:20<br />
AlignBars = late<br />
<br />
Colors =<br />
id:ind value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend:Independent<br />
<br />
id:gray1 value:gray(0.7)<br />
id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)<br />
<br />
Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}<br />
<br />
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy<br />
Period = from:01/01/1912 till:$today <br />
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal<br />
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1920<br />
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:2 start:1912<br />
<br />
BarData =<br />
bar:Earle<br />
bar:BBell<br />
bar:Marris<br />
bar:Kerr<br />
bar:Hammond<br />
bar:Keane<br />
bar:Reid<br />
bar:Twynam<br />
bar:Clow<br />
bar:Bourne<br />
bar:Knight<br />
bar:Hydari<br />
bar:Lodge<br />
bar:Prakasa<br />
bar:Daulatram<br />
bar:Ali<br />
bar:CPSinha<br />
bar:Shrinagesh<br />
bar:Sahay<br />
bar:Nehru<br />
bar:Goswami<br />
bar:LPSingh<br />
bar:Mehrotra<br />
bar:TSMisra<br />
bar:BNSingh<br />
bar:Joshi<br />
bar:Raghuvir<br />
bar:Thakur<br />
bar:LMisra<br />
bar:SKSinha<br />
bar:Dave<br />
bar:ASingh<br />
bar:Mathur<br />
bar:Sankaranarayanan<br />
bar:Razi<br />
bar:Patnaik<br />
bar:PAcharya<br />
bar:Purohit<br />
bar:Mukhi<br />
bar:Kataria<br />
bar:LAcharya<br />
<br />
PlotData=<br />
width:5 align:left fontsize:8 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till<br />
<br />
bar:Earle<br />
from: 01/01/1912 till: 03/01/1918 color:ind text:"[[Archdale Earle]]"<br />
bar:BBell<br />
from: 03/01/1918 till: 03/04/1921 color:ind text:"[[Nicholas Beatson-Bell]]"<br />
bar:Marris<br />
from: 03/04/1921 till: 10/10/1922 color:ind text:"[[William Sinclair Marris]]"<br />
bar:Kerr<br />
from: 10/10/1922 till: 28/06/1927 color:ind text:"[[John Henry Kerr]]"<br />
bar:Hammond<br />
from: 28/06/1927 till: 11/05/1932 color:ind text:"[[Laurie Hammond]]"<br />
bar:Keane<br />
from: 11/05/1932 till: 04/03/1937 color:ind text:"[[Michael Keane (governor)|Michael Keane]]"<br />
bar:Reid<br />
from: 04/03/1937 till: 24/02/1938 color:ind<br />
from: 04/10/1939 till: 04/05/1942 color:ind text:"[[Robert Reid (civil servant)|Robert Reid]]"<br />
bar:Twynam<br />
from: 24/02/1938 till: 04/10/1939 color:ind text:"[[Henry Joseph Twynam]]"<br />
bar:Clow<br />
from: 04/05/1942 till: 04/04/1946 color:ind<br />
from: 23/12/1946 till: 04/05/1947 color:ind text:"[[Andrew Clow]]"<br />
bar:Bourne<br />
from: 04/04/1946 till: 04/09/1946 color:ind text:"[[Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]"<br />
bar:Knight<br />
from: 04/09/1946 till: 23/12/1946 color:ind text:"[[Henry Foley Knight]]"<br />
bar:Hydari<br />
from: 04/05/1947 till: 28/12/1948 color:ind text:"[[Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari]]"<br />
bar:Lodge<br />
from: 30/12/1948 till: 15/02/1949 color:ind text:"[[Ronald Lodge]]"<br />
bar:Prakasa<br />
from: 16/02/1949 till: 26/05/1950 color:ind text:"[[Sri Prakasa]]"<br />
bar:Daulatram<br />
from: 27/05/1950 till: 14/05/1956 color:ind text:"[[Jairamdas Daulatram]]"<br />
bar:Ali<br />
from: 15/05/1956 till: 22/08/1959 color:ind text:"[[Fazl Ali]]"<br />
bar:CPSinha<br />
from: 23/08/1959 till: 13/10/1959 color:ind text:"[[Chandreswar Prasad Sinha]]"<br />
bar:Shrinagesh<br />
from: 14/10/1959 till: 12/11/1960 color:ind<br />
from: 13/02/1961 till: 07/09/1962 color:ind text:"[[S. M. Shrinagesh]]"<br />
bar:Sahay<br />
from: 12/11/1960 till: 12/02/1961 color:ind<br />
from: 08/09/1962 till: 16/04/1968 color:ind text:"[[Vishnu Sahay]]"<br />
bar:Nehru<br />
from: 17/04/1968 till: 07/12/1970 color:ind<br />
from: 05/01/1971 till: 18/09/1973 color:ind text:"[[Braj Kumar Nehru]]"<br />
bar:Goswami<br />
from: 08/12/1970 till: 04/01/1971 color:ind text:"[[Parbati Kumar Goswami]]"<br />
bar:LPSingh<br />
from: 19/09/1973 till: 11/08/1981 color:ind text:"[[Lallan Prasad Singh]]"<br />
bar:Mehrotra<br />
from: 12/08/1981 till: 28/03/1984 color:ind text:"[[Prakash Mehrotra]]"<br />
bar:TSMisra<br />
from: 28/03/1984 till: 15/04/1984 color:ind text:"[[Tribeni Sahai Misra]]"<br />
bar:BNSingh<br />
from: 15/04/1984 till: 11/05/1989 color:ind text:"[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]"<br />
bar:Joshi<br />
from: 10/05/1989 till: 21/07/1989 color:ind text:"[[Hari Dev Joshi]]"<br />
bar:Raghuvir<br />
from: 27/07/1989 till: 01/05/1990 color:ind text:"[[Anisetti Raghuvir]]"<br />
bar:Thakur<br />
from: 02/05/1990 till: 17/03/1991 color:ind text:"[[Devi Das Thakur]]"<br />
bar:LMisra<br />
from: 17/03/1991 till: 01/09/1997 color:ind text:"[[Lokanath Misra]]"<br />
bar:SKSinha<br />
from: 01/09/1997 till: 21/04/2003 color:ind text:"[[Srinivas Kumar Sinha]]"<br />
bar:Dave<br />
from: 21/04/2003 till: 05/06/2003 color:ind text:"[[Arvind Dave]]"<br />
bar:ASingh<br />
from: 05/06/2003 till: 04/07/2008 color:ind text:"[[Ajai Singh]]"<br />
bar:Mathur<br />
from: 04/07/2008 till: 25/06/2009 color:ind text:"[[Shiv Charan Mathur]]"<br />
bar:Sankaranarayanan<br />
from: 26/06/2009 till: 26/07/2009 color:ind text:"[[K. Sankaranarayanan]]"<br />
bar:Razi<br />
from: 27/07/2009 till: 10/12/2009 color:ind text:"[[Syed Sibtey Razi]]"<br />
bar:Patnaik<br />
from: 11/12/2009 till: 10/12/2014 color:ind text:"[[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]"<br />
bar:PAcharya<br />
from: 11/12/2014 till: 21/08/2016 color:ind text:"[[Padmanabha Acharya]]"<br />
bar:Purohit<br />
from: 22/08/2016 till: 09/10/2017 color:ind text:"[[Banwarilal Purohit]]"<br />
bar:Mukhi<br />
from: 10/10/2017 till: 21/02/2023 color:ind text:"[[Jagdish Mukhi]]"<br />
bar:Kataria<br />
from: 22/02/2023 till: 29/07/2024 color:ind text:"[[Gulab Chand Kataria]]"<br />
bar:LAcharya<br />
from: 30/07/2024 till: $today color:ind text:"[[Lakshman Acharya]]"<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I, A. B., do swear in the name of God/solemly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).” <br />
==See also==<br />
* [[History of Assam]]<br />
* [[Chief Minister of Assam]]<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* [http://assamassembly.nic.in/governor-list.html List of Governors] from [http://assamassembly.nic.in assamassembly.nic.in]<br />
* http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#Assam<br />
* http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm#Assam<br />
* {{Cite ODNB |title=Colonial administrators and post-independence leaders in India (1616–2000) |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/93241}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
{{Administrators of provinces in British India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Assam| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Assam politics-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552793Governor (India)2026-08-07T11:44:46Z<p>Uikghh: /* List of incumbent governors of all Indian states */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Acharya.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaiwalya_Trivikram_Parnaik&diff=552738Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik2026-08-05T19:38:39Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician and military officer (born 1953)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]<br />
| name = Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]]<br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png<br />
| imagesize = 180px<br />
| caption = Paranaik in 2023<br />
| office = [[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|Governor of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start = 16 February 2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lt-general-kaiwalya-trivikram-parnaik-sworn-in-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor20230216225828/ | title=Lt General Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik sworn in as Arunachal Pradesh Governor | publisher=ANI | access-date= | archive-date=15 December 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215185956/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lt-general-kaiwalya-trivikram-parnaik-sworn-in-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor20230216225828/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| term_end = <br />
| successor = <br />
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]]<br />
| 1namedata = [[Pema Khandu]]<br />
| predecessor = [[B. D. Mishra]]<br />
| office1 = 19th General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]<br />
| term_start1 = 1 January 2011<br />
| term_end1 = 30 June 2013<br />
| president1 = [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>[[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
| predecessor1 = Lt Gen B. S. Jaswal<br />
| successor1 = Lt Gen Sanjiv Chachra<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|06|28|df=y}}<br />
| death_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Pune|Poona]], [[Bombay State]], India<br>(present-day Pune, [[Maharashtra]])<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| module =<br />
| residence = {{ubl|[[Raj Bhavan, Itanagar|Raj Bhavan]], [[Itanagar]]}}<br />
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br />
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}<br />
| branch = {{army|India}}<br />
| serviceyears = 31 March 1972 – 30 June 2013<br />
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|20px]] [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]<br />
| unit = [[Rajputana Rifles|2nd Rajputana Rifles]]<br />
| commands = [[File:IA_Northern_Command.jpg|20px]] [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]<br/>[[File:Gajraj corps.png|20px]] [[IV Corps (India)|IV Corps]]<br/>[[Indian Military Training Team]]<br/>[[17th Infantry Division (India)|17 Mountain Division]]<br/> [[Rajputana Rifles|2 Rajputana Rifles]]<br />
| battles = [[Operation Pawan]] <br> [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]] <br> [[Operation Parakram]]<br />
| battles_label = <br />
| awards = [[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br/>[[File:Uttam Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]<br/>[[File:Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Yudh Seva Medal]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| laterwork = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = <br />
| alma_mater = [[St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School]]<br>[[Sainik School, Rewa]]<br>[[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]<br>[[Indian Military Academy]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Lieutenant General '''K. T. Parnaik''' {{small|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]]}} (born 28 June 1953) is a retired general officer of the [[Indian Army]] who is serving as 20th [[Governor of Arunachal Pradesh]] since 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who's Who{{!}} Governors |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/whos-who/governors |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=[[National Portal of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Rakesh |title=लेफ्टिनेंट जनरल कैवल्य त्रिविक्रम परनाइक बने अरुणाचल के राज्यपाल |url=https://dailynews360.patrika.com/arunachal-pradesh/lt-general-kaiwalya-trivikram-parnaik-appointed-as-governor-of-arunachal-pradesh-125553.html |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hi |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081245/https://dailynews360.patrika.com/arunachal-pradesh/lt-general-kaiwalya-trivikram-parnaik-appointed-as-governor-of-arunachal-pradesh-125553.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soni |first=Mallika |date=2023-02-12 |title=Reshuffle and appointments: List of new governors set to take charge |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-governors-president-droupadi-murmu-reshuffle-and-appointment-list-of-new-governors-set-to-take-charge-101676178336239.html |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> He is the first person from [[Maharashtra]] who took over as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Pranav |date=2011-01-12 |title=Puneite 1st Maharashtrian to take over Northern Command |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/puneite-1st-maharashtrian-to-take-over-northern-command/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and military career==<br />
Parnaik studied at the [[St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School]], along with his brother A. T. Parnaik, also a [[lieutenant general]], who retired as Director General Border Roads.<ref>https://staloysiusjabalpur.edu.in/</ref> Later He joined [[Sainik School, Rewa]] and [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]. He was commissioned into the [[Rajputana Rifles|2nd Rajputana Rifles]] on 31 March 1972 from the [[Indian Military Academy]]. He attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]]. He commanded the 2nd battalion, The Rajputana Rifles (2 RajRif) in the Rajasthan Sector and in Jammu and Kashmir. He also attended the Senior Command and the Higher Command Course.<ref name="Bio - The Hindu">{{cite news |title=Parnaik takes charge as head of Northern Command |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Parnaik-takes-charge-as-head-of-Northern-Command/article15502253.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=January 2011 |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 26 January 2003, Parnaik was awarded the [[Yudh Seva Medal]] for his command of an infantry brigade during the [[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff]]. He attended the [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]] in 2004 as part of the 44th course.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Unnithan |first1=Sandeep |last2=Parihar |first2=Rohit |title=Northern Command chief Lt Gen Parnaik made false claims to get 12 acres of free land from Rajasthan govt |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/northern-command-chief-lt-general-kaiwalya-trivikram-parnaik-land-grab-case-rajasthan-government-152614-2013-01-26 |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-12 |title=War veteran, former Northern Command chief: The ex-Army officers on the list of Governors |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/war-veteran-former-northern-command-chief-the-ex-army-officers-on-the-list-of-governors-8440836/ |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===General officer===<br />
Promoted to the rank of [[Major general (India)|Major General]], Parnaik was appointed [[General officer commanding]] [[17th Infantry Division (India)|17 Mountain Division]] in [[Sikkim]].<ref name="GOC 17 Mtn Div">{{cite web |title=Nathu La pass reopens for Indo-China border trade after 44 yrs |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/07/06/nathu-la-pass-reopens-for-indo-china-border-trade-after-44-yrs-1152185667.html |website=oneindia.com |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref> He later commanded the [[Indian Military Training Team]] (IMTRAT) in [[Bhutan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-12 |title=Two army officers to be Governor, LG of 'sensitive' Arunachal Pradesh and Ladakh |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/two-army-officers-to-be-governor-lg-of-sensitive-arunachal-pradesh-and-ladakh-12142212.html |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2009, Parnaik was promoted to the rank of [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] and appointed General officer commanding [[IV Corps (India)|IV Corps]] in [[Tezpur]]. After a year-long tenure as GOC IV Corps, he moved to Army HQ as the Director General Perspective Planning - DG (PP). For his tenure as GOC IV Corps, on 26 January 2010, Parnaik was awarded the [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]].<ref name="UYSM">{{cite web |title=Republic Day Gallantry and other Defence Decoration |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=57292 |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 1 December 2010, Parnaik was accorded the status of Army Commander and named the Commander-designate of the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]. He took over from Lieutenant General B. S. Jaswal on 1 January 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lt Gen Parnaik Accorded Army Commander Status - Early Times Newspaper Jammu Kashmir |url=http://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=64117 |website=www.earlytimes.in |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref> On 26 January 2012, he was awarded the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]].<ref name="PVSM">{{cite web |title=368 Republic Day Gallantry and other Defence Decorations Announced |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=79889 |website=archive.pib.gov.in |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref> After a two-and-a-half year stint as Northern Army Commander, he retired from the Army on 30 June 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Northern Army Commander Lt Gen Parnaik retires |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/northern-army-commander-lt-gen-parnaik-retires/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=13 February 2023 |language=en |date=3 July 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Governor===<br />
Parnaik was appointed Governor by [[Droupadi Murmu]], [[President of India]] on 12 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thakur |first=Rajesh Kumar |title=President Murmu appoints new Governors in various states of India |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/feb/12/president-murmu-appoints-new-governors-in-various-states-of-india-2546790.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212055547/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/feb/12/president-murmu-appoints-new-governors-in-various-states-of-india-2546790.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 February 2023 |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> He was congratulated by [[Pema Khandu]], [[Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=President appoints new governors; CM congratulates new Arunachal guv |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/02/13/president-appoints-new-governors-cm-congratulates-new-arunachal-guv/ |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=The Arunachal Times |date=13 February 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Chowna Mein]], [[Deputy Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=CM Khandu, Deputy Mein congratulated new Arunachal guv |url=http://www.uniindia.com/cm-khandu-deputy-mein-congratulate-new-arunachal-guv/east/news/2915251.html |website=[[United News of India]]}}</ref> and [[Yogi Adityanath]], [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] for becoming Governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-12 |title=CM Yogi Adityanath congratulates new Governor of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://theprint.in/india/cm-yogi-adityanath-congratulates-new-governor-of-arunachal-pradesh/1367697/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=[[ThePrint]] |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-mil}}<br />
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=B. S. Jaswal}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[General Officer Commanding]] [[IV Corps (India)|IV Corps]]|years=2009-2010}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=Gyan Bhushan}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command]]|years=2011-2013}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=Sanjiv Chachra}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-gov}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[B. D. Mishra]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|Governor of Arunachal Pradesh]]|years=16 February 2023 - Present}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parnaik, Kaiwalya Trivikram}}<br />
[[Category:Sainik School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]<br />
[[Category:National Defence College, India alumni]]<br />
[[Category:1953 births]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Arunachal_Pradesh&diff=552737List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh2026-08-05T19:38:13Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Brigadier]]<br />
|post = Governor <br />
|title = Governor <br />
|native_name = <br />
|image = Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png<br />
|body = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|insignia = <br />
|insigniacaption = <br />
|incumbent = [[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]<br />
|incumbentsince = 16 February 2023<br />
|style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
|residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Arunachal Pradesh)|Raj Bhavan]]; [[Itanagar]]<br />
|termlength = Five Years<br />
|appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
|formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1987|02|20}}<br />
|inaugural = [[Bhishma Narain Singh]]<br />
|website = http://arunachalgovernor.gov.in/<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:India Arunachal Pradesh locator map.svg|upright|thumb|Arunachal Pradesh is in northeast India.]]<br />
<br />
The '''Governor of Arunachal Pradesh''' is a nominal head and representative of the [[President of India]] in the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years. The current governor is [[B. D. Mishra]].<ref>{{cite news|title=President Kovind Appoints 5 New Governors, Tamil Nadu Gets Its Own After A Year|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/president-approves-appointment-of-5-governors-1-lieutenant-governor-1757018|date=30 September 2017|access-date=31 January 2020|editor-first=Arun|editor-last=Nair|work=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions|l1=Powers and functions of the Governor}}<br />
The Governor enjoys many different types of powers:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.<br />
<br />
==List of chief commissioners of Arunachal Pradesh==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!#<br />
!Name<br />
!Took office<br />
!Left office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[K. A. A. Raja]]<br />
| 20 January 1972<br />
| 1973<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[Manohar L. Kampani]]<br />
| 1974<br />
| 1975<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==List of lieutenant governors of Arunachal Pradesh==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!#<br />
!Name<br />
!Took office<br />
!Left office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[K. A. A. Raja]]<br />
| 15 August 1975<br />
| 18 January 1979<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[R. N. Haldipur]]<br />
| 18 January 1979<br />
| 23 July 1981<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[H. S. Dubey]]<br />
| 23 July 1981<br />
| 10 August 1983<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[Thanjavelu Rajeshwar]]<br />
| 10 August 1983<br />
| 21 November 1985<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[Shiva Swaroop]]<br />
| 21 November 1985<br />
| 20 February 1987<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh==<br />
''Data from Arunachal Pradesh Governor's Secretariat<ref>{{cite web |title=The Governor of Arunachal Pradesh :: Past Governors |url=http://arunachalgovernor.gov.in/html/pastgovernors.htm |website=arunachalgovernor.gov.in |publisher=Governor Secretariat, Arunachal Pradesh |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> and Directorate of Information & Public Relations, Government of Arunachal Pradesh''<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Governor – Department of Information, Public Relation & Printing |url=http://www.arunachalipr.gov.in/?page_id=1071 |website=arunachalipr.gov.in |publisher=Department of Information & Public Relations, Government of Arunachal Pradesh |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!#<br />
!Name<br />
!Took office<br />
!Left office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[Bhishma Narain Singh]]<br />
| 20 February 1987<br />
| 18 March 1987 <br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[R. D. Pradhan]]<br />
| 18 March 1987<br />
| 16 March 1990 <br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[Raja Gopal Singh|Gopal Singh]]<br />
| 16 March 1990<br />
| 8 May 1990 <br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[Devi Das Thakur]]<br />
| 8 May 1990<br />
| 16 March 1991 <br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[Loknath Mishra]]<br />
| 16 March 1991<br />
| 25 March 1991 <br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[Surendranath Dwivedy]]<br />
| 25 March 1991<br />
| 4 July 1993 <br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| [[Madhukar Dighe]]<br />
| 4 July 1993<br />
| 20 October 1993 <br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[Mata Prasad]]<br />
| 20 October 1993<br />
| 16 May 1999 <br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[S. K. Sinha (Arunachal Pradesh politician)|S. K. Sinha]]<br />
| 16 May 1999<br />
| 1 August 1999 <br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[Arvind Dave]]<br />
| 1 August 1999<br />
| 12 June 2003 <br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[V. C. Pande]]<br />
| 12 June 2003<br />
| 15 December 2004 <br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| [[Shilendra Kumar Singh]]<br />
| 16 December 2004<br />
| 23 January 2007 <br />
|-<br />
!—<br />
| [[M. M. Jacob]] {{small|''(acting)''}}<br />
| 24 January 2007<br />
| 6 April 2007 <br />
|-<br />
! —<br />
| [[K. Sankaranarayanan]] {{small|''(acting)''}}<br />
| 7 April 2007<br />
| 14 April 2007 <br />
|-<br />
! (12)<br />
| [[Shilendra Kumar Singh]]<br />
| 15 April 2007<br />
| 3 September 2007 <br />
|-<br />
<br />
! —<br />
| [[K. Sankaranarayanan]] {{small|''(acting)''}}<br />
| 3 September 2007<br />
| 26 January 2008<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
| [[Joginder Jaswant Singh]]<br />
| 26 January 2008<br />
| 28 May 2013<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[Nirbhay Sharma]]<br />
| 28 May 2013<br />
| 31 May 2015<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
| [[Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa]]<br />
| 1 June 2015<br />
| 9 July 2016<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| [[Tathagata Roy]]<br />
| 10 July 2016<br />
| 12 August 2016<br />
|-<br />
! (15)<br />
| [[Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa]]<br />
| 13 August 2016<br />
| 13 September 2016<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[V. Shanmuganathan]] <br />
| 14 September 2016<br />
| 27 January 2017 (resigned)<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| [[Padmanabha Acharya]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jan/27/president-mukherjee-accepts-v-shanmuganathans-resignation-1564081.html|title=President Mukherjee accepts V Shanmuganathan's resignation|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> <br />
| 28 January 2017<br />
| 2 October 2017<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
| [[B. D. Mishra]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/president-ram-nath-kovind-appoints-new-governors-profiles-of-new-governors/article19776176.ece|title=Profiles of new Governors of T.N., Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh|first=Delhi|last=Bureau|date=30 September 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><br />
| 3 October 2017<br />
| 16 February 2023<br />
|-<br />
!20<br />
|[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]] <br />
|16 February 2023<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://arunachalgovernor.gov.in/ Home : Official website of the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, India]<br />
<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Arunachal Pradesh| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552736Governor (India)2026-08-05T19:37:51Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Andhra_Pradesh&diff=552735List of governors of Andhra Pradesh2026-08-05T19:34:31Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}<br />
<!-- this article can be expanded in similar fashion to [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala]] --><br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor of Andhra Pradesh<br />
| native_name = <br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = '''Raj Bhavan'''<br />
| image = S. Abdul Nazeer.png<br />
| imagesize =180px <br />
| incumbent = [[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]|Image: The Governor of Andhra Pradesh, biswabhushan Hari chandran.jpj., [[BJP]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 24 February 2023<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan, Vijayawada|Raj Bhavan]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| termlength = Five Years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1953|10|01}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.rajbhavan.ap.gov.in/}}<br />
| body = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:India Andhra Pradesh location map (until 2014).svg|upright|thumb|Undivided Andhra Pradesh Map (1956-2014 is in southern part of India.]]<br />
This is a list of '''governors of [[Andhra Pradesh]]''', including [[Andhra State]], in office from 1953 to the present date. The [[official residence]] of the governor is the [[Raj Bhavan, Vijayawada|Raj Bhavan]], situated in [[Vijayawada]]. [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]] is the longest serving governor. [[Syed Abdul Nazeer]] is the current serving governor.<br />
<br />
==List==<br />
''Data from Andhra Pradesh State Portal''.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Governors |url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=241 |website=AP State Portal |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!# <br />
!Portrait<br />
!Name<br />
!From<br />
!To<br />
!Term length<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
|[[File:Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]<br />
| 1 October 1953<br />
| 1 August 1957<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1953|10|01|1957|08|01|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
|[[File:Bhim Sen Sachar.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Bhim Sen Sachar]]<br />
| 1 August 1957<br />
| 8 September 1962 <br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1957|08|01|1962|09|08|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
|[[File:General Satyawant Mallana Srinagesh.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Satyawant Mallannah Shrinagesh]]<br />
| 8 September 1962<br />
| 4 May 1964<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1962|09|08|1964|05|04|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]]<br />
| 4 May 1964<br />
| 11 April 1968 <br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1964|05|04|1968|04|11|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[Khandubhai Kasanji Desai]]<br />
| 11 April 1968<br />
| 25 January 1975<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1968|04|11|1975|01|25|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[S. Obul Reddy]]<br />
| 25 January 1975<br />
| 10 January 1976<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1975|01|25|1976|01|10|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
|[[File:Mohan Lal Sukhadia 1988 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Mohanlal Sukhadia]]<br />
| 10 January 1976<br />
| 16 June 1976<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1976|01|10|1976|06|16|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare]]<br />
| 16 June 1976<br />
| 17 February 1977<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1976|06|16|1977|02|17|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[B. J. Divan]]<br />
| 17 February 1977<br />
| 5 May 1977<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1977|02|17|1977|05|05|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[Sharda Mukherjee]]<br />
| 5 May 1977<br />
| 15 August 1978<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1977|05|05|1978|08|15|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[K. C. Abraham]]<br />
| 15 August 1978<br />
| 15 August 1983<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1978|08|15|1983|08|15|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| [[File:Thakur_Ram_Lal.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Thakur Ram Lal]]<br />
| 15 August 1983<br />
| 29 August 1984<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1983|08|15|1984|08|29|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
|[[File:Shankar_Dayal_Sharma_36.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
| 29 August 1984<br />
| 26 November 1985<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1984|08|29|1985|11|26|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[Kumud Ben Joshi]]<br />
| 26 November 1985<br />
| 7 February 1990<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1985|11|26|1990|02|07|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
| [[File:Krishan Kant 2005 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Krishan Kant]]<br />
| 7 February 1990<br />
| 22 August 1997<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1990|02|07|1997|08|22|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
|{{dash}}<br />
| [[Gopala Ramanujam]]<br />
| 22 August 1997<br />
| 24 November 1997<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1997|08|22|1997|11|24|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
|[[File:C. Rangrajan at the Conference on "Fiscal Policy in India" (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[C. Rangarajan]]<br />
| 24 November 1997<br />
| 3 January 2003<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|1997|11|24|2003|01|03|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| [[File:H_E_Shri_Surjit_Singh_Barnala.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]<br />
| 3 January 2003<br />
| 4 November 2004<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|2003|01|03|2004|11|04|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
| [[File:Sushilkumar_Shinde.JPG|100px]]<br />
| [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]<br />
| 4 November 2004<br />
| 29 January 2006<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|2004|11|04|2006|01|29|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 20<br />
| [[File:The Governor of Karnataka, Shri Rameshwar Thakur in Bangalore on January 13, 2008.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Rameshwar Thakur]]<br />
| 29 January 2006<br />
| 22 August 2007<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|2006|01|29|2007|08|22|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
| [[File:Shri Narayan Dutt Tiwari.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br />
| 22 August 2007<br />
| 27 December 2009<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|2007|08|22|2009|12|27|format=commas}} days<br />
|-<br />
! 22<br />
|[[File:E.S.L. Narasimhan.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]] <br />
| 28 December 2009<ref>{{cite news |title=E S L Narasimhan takes charge as Andhra Pradesh Governor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/E-S-L-Narasimhan-takes-charge-as-Andhra-Pradesh-Governor/articleshow/5386901.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India |date=28 December 2009}}</ref><br />
| 23 July 2019<br />
| {{Duration in days nts|2009|12|28|format=commas|2019|7|23}} days<br />
|-<br />
!23<br />
|[[File:The Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Biswabhusan Harichandan.jpg|123x123px]]<br />
|[[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]<br />
|24 July 2019<br />
|24 February 2023<br />
|{{Duration in days|24 July 2019|24 February 2023}} days<br />
|-<br />
!24<br />
|[[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
|[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]] <br />
|24 February 2023<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|{{ayd|24 Feb 2023}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of governors of Telangana]]<br />
* [[List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.rajbhavan.ap.gov.in/ Official Website of the Governor of Andhra Pradesh]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060211073739/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_governor.html#governor List on Andhra Pradesh State Government's Web Site]<br />
<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Andhra Pradesh| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552734Governor (India)2026-08-05T19:33:32Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:S. Abdul Nazeer.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly&diff=552723West Bengal Legislative Assembly2026-08-05T16:44:10Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian political body}}<br />
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| background_color = #FF9933<br />
| text_color = white<br />
| name = West Bengal Legislative Assembly<br />
| legislature = [[18th West Bengal Assembly]]<br />
| coa_pic = [[File:Crest of West Bengal Legislative Assembly.jpg|120px]]<br />
| house_type = [[Unicameral]]<br />
| term_limits = [[List of political term limits#India|5 years]]<br />
| leader1_type = [[Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]<br />
| leader1 = TBD<br />
| party1 = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]<br />
| leader2 = TBD<br />
| party2 = <br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader3_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]] <br/> (Leader of the House)<br />
| leader3 = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
| party3 = [[BJP]]<br />
| election3 = 9 May, 2026<br />
| leader4_type = Deputy Leader of the House<br />
| leader4 = TBD<br />
| party4 = <br />
| election4 = <br />
| leader5_type = [[Leader of Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]<br />
| leader5 = TBD<br />
| party5 = <br />
| election5 = <br />
| leader6_type = Deputy Leader of the Opposition<br />
| leader6 = TBD<br />
| party6 = <br />
| election6 = <br />
| members = '''294'''<br />
| structure1 = {{Switcher|[[File:India 18th West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election 2026.svg|300px]]|By party|[[File:India 18th West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election Alliance Wise 2026.svg|300px]]|By alliance}}<br />
| structure1_res = <br />
| political_groups1 = <!-- Do not make changes to Party totals without making corresponding changes under section 'Members of Legislative Assembly' --><br />
'''[[Government of West Bengal|Government]] (207)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (207)<br />
'''[[Official Opposition]] (80)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (80)<br />
<br />
'''[[Parliamentary Opposition|Other Opposition]] (6)'''<br />
<br />
* {{Color box|{{Party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}} '''[[Left Front-led Alliance|LF+]]''' (2)<br />
** {{Color box|#CC0D0D}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)<br />
** {{Color box|{{Party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} [[All India Secular Front|AISF]] (1)<br />
* {{Color box|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)<br />
* {{Color box|#8AB800}} [[Aam Janata Unnayan Party|AJUP]] (2)<br />
'''Vacant (1)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#FFFFFF}} Vacant (1){{efn|Polling to be held in [[Falta Assembly constituency]] on 21 May 2026.}}<br />
<!-- Do not make changes to Party totals without making corresponding changes under section 'Members of Legislative Assembly' -->| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]<br />
| last_election1 = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|23–29 April 2026]]<br />
| next_election1 = 2031<br />
| session_room = West Bengal State Legislative Assembly House, Kolkata.jpg<br />
| session_res = <br />
| meeting_place = Vidhan Sabha, [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| website = {{url|https://assembly.wb.gov.in/}}<br />
| footnotes = The Assembly was established in 1862 for the [[Bengal Presidency]]. The Presidency became the state of [[West Bengal]] in the [[Republic of India]] in 1950; the state of West Bengal in its current state was formed on 1 May 1960.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''West Bengal Legislative Assembly''' is the [[unicameral]] legislature of the [[India]]n [[states and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is located in the [[B. B. D. Bagh]] area of [[Kolkata]], the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|294]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of Legislative Assembly]], all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Complete view of West Bengal Assembly building in Kolkata 04.jpg|thumb|left|Complete view of West Bengal Assembly building]]<br />
[[File:West Bengal Legislative Assembly Entrance - Kolkata 2011-12-18 0339.JPG|thumb|left|Entrance of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[File:Assembly House of West Bengal, Kolkata6.jpg|thumb|left|Inside the Assembly House]]<br />
<br />
The history of the West Bengal Legislature can be traced back to 18 January 1862 when under the [[Indian Councils Act 1861]], a 12 Member Legislative Council for [[Bengal Presidency]] was established by the Governor-General of British India with the Lt. Governor of Bengal and some nominated members. The strength of the council was gradually enlarged by subsequent acts. Under the [[Indian Councils Act 1892]], the maximum strength of the council was raised to 20 out of which seven were to be elected. The [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] further raised the number of members of the council to 50. Under the [[Government of India Act 1919]], the number of members of the Legislative Council was once again raised to 125. The Bengal Legislative Council constituted under the Government of India Act 1919 was formally inaugurated on 1 February 1921 by the [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Duke of Connaught]].<br />
<br />
A few years later, under the provisions of the [[Government of India Act 1935]], two chambers of the Bengal Provincial Legislature: the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly, were created. The life of the assembly, consisting of 250 members, was to be five years unless dissolved sooner; while the council, with a membership of not less than 63 and not more than 65, was made a permanent body and not subject to dissolution with the provision that one-third of the members should retire every three years.<br />
<br />
On the eve of Independence in 1947, Bengal Province was partitioned into [[West Bengal]] and [[East Bengal]] ([[East Pakistan]]). The West Bengal Legislative Assembly was constituted with 90 members representing the constituencies that fell within the area of West Bengal and two nominated members from [[Anglo-Indian]] community. The Bengal Legislative Council stood abolished. The Legislative Assembly met for the first time after Independence on 21 November 1947.<br />
<br />
The Constitution of India again provided for a bicameral Legislature for West Bengal. Accordingly, the West Bengal Legislative Council consisting of 51 members was constituted on 5 June 1952. The number of members in the Legislative Assembly was 240 including two nominated members from the Anglo-Indian Community. After the first General Elections, the new Assembly met for the first time on 18 June 1952.<br />
<br />
On 21 March 1969, a resolution was passed by the West Bengal Legislative Assembly for the abolition of the Legislative Council. Subsequently, Indian Parliament passed the West Bengal Legislative Council (Abolition) Act, 1969 abolishing the Legislative Council with effect from 1 August 1969.<br />
<br />
== Office bearers==<br />
{{transcluded section|source=18th West Bengal Assembly}}<br />
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th West Bengal Assembly|Office bearers}}}}<br />
<br />
== List of Assemblies ==<br />
{{see also|List of chief ministers of West Bengal}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Assembly<br />
!Election Year<br />
!Speaker<br />
!Chief Minister<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Opposition Leader<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9" |Legislative Assembly under the Government of India Act, 1935<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Provincial Assembly (1946–52)<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1946 Indian provincial elections|January 1946]]<br />
| [[Bijoy Prasad Singh Roy]]<br />
| [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
! rowspan=2 colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ishwar Das Jalan]]<br />
| [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9" |Legislative Assembly under the Constitution of India<br />
|-<br />
|1st Assembly<br />
|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
|[[Saila Kumar Mukherjee|Saila Mukherjee]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2nd Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|[[Sankar Das Banerji]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Jyoti Basu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outlook India Magazine Online- Read News India, Latest News Analysis, World, Sports, Entertainment {{!}} Best Online Magazine India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/ |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410123959/http://www.outlookindia.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
|Bankim Chandra Kar<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |3rd Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Keshab Chandra Basu<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |4th Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bijoy Kumar Banerjee]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bangla Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]] ([[United Front (1967)|United Front]])<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Khagendra Nath Dasgupta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament – Lok Sabha - Profile |url=http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-703-Dasgupta,%20Shri%20Khagendra%C2%A0Nath |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221603/http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-703-Dasgupta,%20Shri%20Khagendra%C2%A0Nath |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<br />
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (Progressive Democratic Front)<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|5th Assembly<br />
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|[[Bijoy Kumar Banerjee]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bangla Congress}}"|<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]] ([[Second United Front Cabinet|United Front]])<br />
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=- West Bengal Legislative Assembly |url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/report.aspx |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=wbassembly.gov.in |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120193626/http://wbassembly.gov.in/Error_ISE.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/report.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|6th Assembly<br />
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|Apurba Lal Majumdar<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />(Democratic Coalition)<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|7th Assembly<br />
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|Apurba Lal Majumdar<br />
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]] (Progressive Democratic Alliance)<br />
|[[Biswanath Mukherjee (politician)|Biswanath Mukherjee]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|8th Assembly<br />
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|[[S. A. M. Habibullah]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Jyoti Basu]]<br />
| rowspan="8" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
| rowspan="8" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] <br /> ([[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]])<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
|9th Assembly<br />
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Hashim Abdul Halim]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Abdus Sattar (Murshidabad politician)|Abdus Sattar]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|10th Assembly<br />
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |11th Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
|Zainal Abedin<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|12th Assembly<br />
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|[[Atish Chandra Sinha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Leader of Opposition Atish Chanda Sinha dead |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20100304/1457561.html |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=news.webindia123.com |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531032918/https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20100304/1457561.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|13th Assembly<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]<br />
|[[Pankaj Kumar Banerjee|Pankaj Banerjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-26 |title=Former opposition leader and one of the founder of Trinamool Congress Pankaj Banerjee Passes Away. – News18 Bangla |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/former-opposition-leader-and-one-of-the-founder-of-trinamool-congress-pankaj-banerjee-passes-away-229238.html |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531092812/https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/former-opposition-leader-and-one-of-the-founder-of-trinamool-congress-pankaj-banerjee-passes-away-229238.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|14th Assembly<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|[[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team Mamata |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110409/jsp/nation/story_13831831.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203171255/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110409/jsp/nation/story_13831831.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|15th Assembly<br />
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Biman Banerjee]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Mamata Banerjee]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
|[[Surjya Kanta Mishra]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-03 |title=Surjya Kanta Mishra: A profile |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Profile-of-Surjya-Kanta-Mishra/article60407786.ece |access-date=2022-04-10 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410124250/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Profile-of-Surjya-Kanta-Mishra/article60407786.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[16th West Bengal Assembly|16th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|[[Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician)|Abdul Mannan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Abdul Mannan to be new leader of opposition in Bengal assembly |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Congress-Abdul-Mannan-to-be-new-leader-of-opposition-in-Bengal-assembly/articleshow/52508761.cms |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816084102/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Congress-Abdul-Mannan-to-be-new-leader-of-opposition-in-Bengal-assembly/articleshow/52508761.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[17th West Bengal Assembly|17th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/suvendu-adhikari-leader-of-opposition-vs-mamata-banerjee-west-bengal-assembly-bjp-legislative-party-leader/2249141/|title=Suvendu Adhikari elected as Leader of Opposition in West Bengal Assembly|work=Financial Express|accessdate=10 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[18th West Bengal Assembly|18th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
|<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Ritabrata Banerjee]] <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{{transcluded section|source=18th West Bengal Assembly}}<br />
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th West Bengal Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly}}}}<br />
<br />
==Vacancies==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Date for by-poll<br />
!Constituency<br />
!Previous MLA <br />
!Political Party<br />
!Vacant Since<br />
!Reason<br />
!Elected MLA<br />
!Political Party<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|''Not declared'' <br />
|[[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]]<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]] <br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br />
|rowspan=2|13 May 2026<br />
|rowspan=2|Resigned<br />
|rowspan=2|TBA<br />
|rowspan=2|TBA<br />
|-<br />
|Rejinagar<br />
|Humayun Kabir<br />
|AJUP<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of by-elections to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* [https://www.loksabhaelections.in/west-bengal West Bengal Lok Sabha Election Results Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002559/https://www.loksabhaelections.in/west-bengal |date=8 November 2020 }}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Official website|https://assembly.wb.gov.in/}}<br />
<br />
{{West Bengal elections}}<br />
{{West Bengal topics}}<br />
{{Legislatures of India}}<br />
{{Current Indian assemblies}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}<br />
[[Category:West Bengal Legislative Assembly| ]]<br />
[[Category:State lower houses in India]]<br />
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures]]<br />
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly&diff=552722West Bengal Legislative Assembly2026-08-05T16:35:58Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian political body}}<br />
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox legislature<br />
| background_color = #FF9933<br />
| text_color = white<br />
| name = West Bengal Legislative Assembly<br />
| legislature = [[18th West Bengal Assembly]]<br />
| coa_pic = [[File:Crest of West Bengal Legislative Assembly.jpg|120px]]<br />
| house_type = [[Unicameral]]<br />
| term_limits = [[List of political term limits#India|5 years]]<br />
| leader1_type = [[Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]<br />
| leader1 = TBD<br />
| party1 = <br />
| election1 = <br />
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]<br />
| leader2 = TBD<br />
| party2 = <br />
| election2 = <br />
| leader3_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]] <br/> (Leader of the House)<br />
| leader3 = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
| party3 = [[BJP]]<br />
| election3 = 9 May, 2026<br />
| leader4_type = Deputy Leader of the House<br />
| leader4 = TBD<br />
| party4 = <br />
| election4 = <br />
| leader5_type = [[Leader of Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]<br />
| leader5 = TBD<br />
| party5 = <br />
| election5 = <br />
| leader6_type = Deputy Leader of the Opposition<br />
| leader6 = TBD<br />
| party6 = <br />
| election6 = <br />
| members = '''294'''<br />
| structure1 = {{Switcher|[[File:India 18th West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election 2026.svg|300px]]|By party|[[File:India 18th West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election Alliance Wise 2026.svg|300px]]|By alliance}}<br />
| structure1_res = <br />
| political_groups1 = <!-- Do not make changes to Party totals without making corresponding changes under section 'Members of Legislative Assembly' --><br />
'''[[Government of West Bengal|Government]] (207)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (207)<br />
'''[[Official Opposition]] (80)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (80)<br />
<br />
'''[[Parliamentary Opposition|Other Opposition]] (6)'''<br />
<br />
* {{Color box|{{Party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}}} '''[[Left Front-led Alliance|LF+]]''' (2)<br />
** {{Color box|#CC0D0D}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)<br />
** {{Color box|{{Party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} [[All India Secular Front|AISF]] (1)<br />
* {{Color box|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)<br />
* {{Color box|#8AB800}} [[Aam Janata Unnayan Party|AJUP]] (2)<br />
'''Vacant (1)'''<br />
* {{Color box|#FFFFFF}} Vacant (1){{efn|Polling to be held in [[Falta Assembly constituency]] on 21 May 2026.}}<br />
<!-- Do not make changes to Party totals without making corresponding changes under section 'Members of Legislative Assembly' -->| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]<br />
| last_election1 = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|23–29 April 2026]]<br />
| next_election1 = 2031<br />
| session_room = West Bengal State Legislative Assembly House, Kolkata.jpg<br />
| session_res = <br />
| meeting_place = Vidhan Sabha, [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| website = {{url|https://assembly.wb.gov.in/}}<br />
| footnotes = The Assembly was established in 1862 for the [[Bengal Presidency]]. The Presidency became the state of [[West Bengal]] in the [[Republic of India]] in 1950; the state of West Bengal in its current state was formed on 1 May 1960.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''West Bengal Legislative Assembly''' is the [[unicameral]] legislature of the [[India]]n [[states and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is located in the [[B. B. D. Bagh]] area of [[Kolkata]], the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|294]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of Legislative Assembly]], all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Complete view of West Bengal Assembly building in Kolkata 04.jpg|thumb|left|Complete view of West Bengal Assembly building]]<br />
[[File:West Bengal Legislative Assembly Entrance - Kolkata 2011-12-18 0339.JPG|thumb|left|Entrance of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[File:Assembly House of West Bengal, Kolkata6.jpg|thumb|left|Inside the Assembly House]]<br />
<br />
The history of the West Bengal Legislature can be traced back to 18 January 1862 when under the [[Indian Councils Act 1861]], a 12 Member Legislative Council for [[Bengal Presidency]] was established by the Governor-General of British India with the Lt. Governor of Bengal and some nominated members. The strength of the council was gradually enlarged by subsequent acts. Under the [[Indian Councils Act 1892]], the maximum strength of the council was raised to 20 out of which seven were to be elected. The [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] further raised the number of members of the council to 50. Under the [[Government of India Act 1919]], the number of members of the Legislative Council was once again raised to 125. The Bengal Legislative Council constituted under the Government of India Act 1919 was formally inaugurated on 1 February 1921 by the [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Duke of Connaught]].<br />
<br />
A few years later, under the provisions of the [[Government of India Act 1935]], two chambers of the Bengal Provincial Legislature: the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly, were created. The life of the assembly, consisting of 250 members, was to be five years unless dissolved sooner; while the council, with a membership of not less than 63 and not more than 65, was made a permanent body and not subject to dissolution with the provision that one-third of the members should retire every three years.<br />
<br />
On the eve of Independence in 1947, Bengal Province was partitioned into [[West Bengal]] and [[East Bengal]] ([[East Pakistan]]). The West Bengal Legislative Assembly was constituted with 90 members representing the constituencies that fell within the area of West Bengal and two nominated members from [[Anglo-Indian]] community. The Bengal Legislative Council stood abolished. The Legislative Assembly met for the first time after Independence on 21 November 1947.<br />
<br />
The Constitution of India again provided for a bicameral Legislature for West Bengal. Accordingly, the West Bengal Legislative Council consisting of 51 members was constituted on 5 June 1952. The number of members in the Legislative Assembly was 240 including two nominated members from the Anglo-Indian Community. After the first General Elections, the new Assembly met for the first time on 18 June 1952.<br />
<br />
On 21 March 1969, a resolution was passed by the West Bengal Legislative Assembly for the abolition of the Legislative Council. Subsequently, Indian Parliament passed the West Bengal Legislative Council (Abolition) Act, 1969 abolishing the Legislative Council with effect from 1 August 1969.<br />
<br />
== Office bearers==<br />
{{transcluded section|source=18th West Bengal Assembly}}<br />
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th West Bengal Assembly|Office bearers}}}}<br />
<br />
== List of Assemblies ==<br />
{{see also|List of chief ministers of West Bengal}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Assembly<br />
!Election Year<br />
!Speaker<br />
!Chief Minister<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Opposition Leader<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9" |Legislative Assembly under the Government of India Act, 1935<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Provincial Assembly (1946–52)<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1946 Indian provincial elections|January 1946]]<br />
| [[Bijoy Prasad Singh Roy]]<br />
| [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
! rowspan=2 colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ishwar Das Jalan]]<br />
| [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="9" |Legislative Assembly under the Constitution of India<br />
|-<br />
|1st Assembly<br />
|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
|[[Saila Kumar Mukherjee|Saila Mukherjee]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2nd Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|[[Sankar Das Banerji]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Jyoti Basu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outlook India Magazine Online- Read News India, Latest News Analysis, World, Sports, Entertainment {{!}} Best Online Magazine India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/ |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410123959/http://www.outlookindia.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
|Bankim Chandra Kar<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |3rd Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Keshab Chandra Basu<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |4th Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bijoy Kumar Banerjee]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bangla Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]] ([[United Front (1967)|United Front]])<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Khagendra Nath Dasgupta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament – Lok Sabha - Profile |url=http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-703-Dasgupta,%20Shri%20Khagendra%C2%A0Nath |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221603/http://www.refocusindia.com/member-of-parliament-lok-sabha-profile-703-Dasgupta,%20Shri%20Khagendra%C2%A0Nath |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<br />
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] (Progressive Democratic Front)<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|5th Assembly<br />
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|[[Bijoy Kumar Banerjee]]<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bangla Congress}}"|<br />
|[[Bangla Congress]] ([[Second United Front Cabinet|United Front]])<br />
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=- West Bengal Legislative Assembly |url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/report.aspx |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=wbassembly.gov.in |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120193626/http://wbassembly.gov.in/Error_ISE.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/report.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|6th Assembly<br />
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|Apurba Lal Majumdar<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />(Democratic Coalition)<br />
|[[Jyoti Basu]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|7th Assembly<br />
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|Apurba Lal Majumdar<br />
|[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]] (Progressive Democratic Alliance)<br />
|[[Biswanath Mukherjee (politician)|Biswanath Mukherjee]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="9" |'''''Dissolved ([[President's rule|President's Rule]])'''''<br />
|-<br />
|8th Assembly<br />
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|[[S. A. M. Habibullah]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Jyoti Basu]]<br />
| rowspan="8" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
| rowspan="8" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] <br /> ([[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]])<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
|9th Assembly<br />
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Hashim Abdul Halim]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Abdus Sattar (Murshidabad politician)|Abdus Sattar]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|10th Assembly<br />
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |11th Assembly<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
! colspan=3| ''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
|Zainal Abedin<ref name=":0" /><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|12th Assembly<br />
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
|[[Atish Chandra Sinha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Leader of Opposition Atish Chanda Sinha dead |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20100304/1457561.html |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=news.webindia123.com |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531032918/https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20100304/1457561.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|13th Assembly<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]<br />
|[[Pankaj Kumar Banerjee|Pankaj Banerjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-26 |title=Former opposition leader and one of the founder of Trinamool Congress Pankaj Banerjee Passes Away. – News18 Bangla |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/former-opposition-leader-and-one-of-the-founder-of-trinamool-congress-pankaj-banerjee-passes-away-229238.html |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531092812/https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/former-opposition-leader-and-one-of-the-founder-of-trinamool-congress-pankaj-banerjee-passes-away-229238.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|14th Assembly<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|[[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team Mamata |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110409/jsp/nation/story_13831831.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203171255/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110409/jsp/nation/story_13831831.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|15th Assembly<br />
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Biman Banerjee]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Mamata Banerjee]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Trinamool Congress]]<br />
|[[Surjya Kanta Mishra]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-03 |title=Surjya Kanta Mishra: A profile |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Profile-of-Surjya-Kanta-Mishra/article60407786.ece |access-date=2022-04-10 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410124250/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Profile-of-Surjya-Kanta-Mishra/article60407786.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[16th West Bengal Assembly|16th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|[[Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician)|Abdul Mannan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Abdul Mannan to be new leader of opposition in Bengal assembly |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Congress-Abdul-Mannan-to-be-new-leader-of-opposition-in-Bengal-assembly/articleshow/52508761.cms |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816084102/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Congress-Abdul-Mannan-to-be-new-leader-of-opposition-in-Bengal-assembly/articleshow/52508761.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[17th West Bengal Assembly|17th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/suvendu-adhikari-leader-of-opposition-vs-mamata-banerjee-west-bengal-assembly-bjp-legislative-party-leader/2249141/|title=Suvendu Adhikari elected as Leader of Opposition in West Bengal Assembly|work=Financial Express|accessdate=10 May 2021}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[18th West Bengal Assembly|18th Assembly]]<br />
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br />
|<br />
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|[[Ritabrata Banerjee]] <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{{transcluded section|source=18th West Bengal Assembly}}<br />
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th West Bengal Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly}}}}<br />
<br />
==Vacancies==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Date for by-poll<br />
!colspan="2"|Constituency<br />
!colspan="3"|Previous MLA <br />
!Vacant Since<br />
!Reason<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|21 May 2026<br />
!75<br />
|[[Falta Assembly constituency|Falta]]<br />
|[[Sankar Kumar Naskar]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|8 May 2026<br />
|rowspan=3|Repoll<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of by-elections to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* [https://www.loksabhaelections.in/west-bengal West Bengal Lok Sabha Election Results Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002559/https://www.loksabhaelections.in/west-bengal |date=8 November 2020 }}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Official website|https://assembly.wb.gov.in/}}<br />
<br />
{{West Bengal elections}}<br />
{{West Bengal topics}}<br />
{{Legislatures of India}}<br />
{{Current Indian assemblies}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}<br />
[[Category:West Bengal Legislative Assembly| ]]<br />
[[Category:State lower houses in India]]<br />
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures]]<br />
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indranil_Khan&diff=552721Indranil Khan2026-08-05T16:35:18Z<p>Uikghh: Created page with "{{Use Indian English}} '''Indranil Khan''' (born 1989) is an Indian political and oncologist, serving as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly since 13 May 2026. He also serves as the Sports Minister of West Bengal since 10 June 2026. {{Infobox officeholder | name = Indranil Khan | image = MLA Indranil Khan.png | image_size = 180px | caption = Khan, {{circa|2020}} | office1 = Sports Minister o..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English}}<br />
'''Indranil Khan''' (born 1989) is an Indian political and oncologist, serving as a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] since 13 May 2026. He also serves as the Sports Minister of West Bengal since 10 June 2026. <br />
{{Infobox officeholder <br />
| name = Indranil Khan<br />
| image = MLA Indranil Khan.png<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| caption = Khan, {{circa|2020}}<br />
| office1 = Sports Minister of West Bengal <br />
| term_start1 = 10 June 2026<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Nisith Pramanik]]<br />
| office2 = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start2 = 13 May 2026<br />
| constituency2 = [[Behala Paschim Assembly constituency|Behala Paschim]]<br />
}}</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Telangana&diff=552720List of governors of Telangana2026-08-05T16:22:20Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| insignia = Emblem of Telangana.svg<br />
| native_name = {{lang|te-Latn|Telaṅgāṇa Governoru}}<br />
| image = File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg<br />
| imagesize = 150<br />
| incumbent = [[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]<br />
| style = {{bulleted list|Hon’ble Governor (within India (English)|His/Her Excellency (outside India)}}<br />
| abbreviation = <br />
| status = Head of State<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Hyderabad)|Lok Bhavan, Hyderabad]]<br />
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = 2 June 2014<br />
| inaugural = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://governor.telangana.gov.in/}}<br />
| precursor = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| body = Telangana<br />
| incumbentsince = 11 March 2026<br />
| insigniasize = 150<br />
| insigniacaption = Emblem of Telangana<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:India_Telangana_locator_map.svg|upright|thumb|Telangana is in southern India.]]<br />
{{Politics of Telangana}}<br />
The '''governor of Telangana''' is the nominal head and representative of the [[president of India]] in the state of [[Telangana]]. The governor is appointed by the president for a term of five years.<br />
<br />
[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]] has been serving as the governor since 11 March 2026. <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
The post of Governor of Telangana emerged in 2 June 2014 following the bifurcation of the state from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Then [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh Governor]], [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]] was given the additional charge of the new state. In 20 July 2019, Narasimhan was named as the Governor of Telangana only, taking oath on 24 July 2019. [[Odisha]] leader [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]] succeeded him as [[Andhra Pradesh]] governor. In 1 September 2019, the [[President of India]] appointed [[Tamil Nadu]] leader [[Tamilisai Soundararajan|Tamilisai Soundarajan]] as the Governor of Telangana. Soundarajan got additional charge as the [[Governors of Puducherry|LT Governor of Puducherry]] upon the retirement of [[Kiran Bedi]]. Soundarajan subsequently resigned as the Governor of Telangana and the Acting Governor of Puducherry in March 2024 upon the contesting the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian General Election]] . The [[Governor of Jharkhand]], [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] got additional charge of both the state and the union territory. Radhakrishnan was relieved of his additional duties as the Governor of Telangana and the main duties as the [[Governor of Jharkhand]] once upon his transfer as the [[Governor of Maharashtra]] in July 2024 and was also relieved of his additional duties in [[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry|Puducherry]] in August 2024. Former [[Deputy Chief Minister of Tripura|Tripura Deputy Chief Minister]] , [[Jishnu Dev Varma]] was appointed as the Governor of Telangana becoming the first governor not belonging from [[Tamil Nadu]]. After that, [[Shiv Pratap Shukla]] was appointed the governor of Telangana. Since then, Shukla has been the Governor of the state.<br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions|l1=Powers and functions of the governor}}<br />
The governor enjoys many different types of powers:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Saasana Sabha or Saasana Mandali, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.<br />
<br />
==List of governors==<br />
<br />
;Legend<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred<br />
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed<br />
<br />
;Color key<br />
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"<br />
! rowspan="2"| #<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small><br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President)<br />
|- <br />
! style="width:9.5em"| From<br />
! style="width:9.5em"| To<br />
! style="width:5em"| Time in office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
|[[File:E.S.L. Narasimhan.jpg|91x91px]]<br />
|'''[[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br>(born 1945)<br/>Governor of Andhra Pradesh till 23 July 2019}}<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| 2 June 2014<br />
| 7 September 2019<br />
|'''{{ayd|2 Jun 2014|7 Sep 2019}}'''<br />
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[File:Tamilisai Soundararajan with Bathukamma in Raj Bhavan, Hyderabad (30.09.2019) 02.jpg|105x105px]]<br />
| '''[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1961)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| 8 September 2019<br />
| 19 March 2024{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to contest in the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|8 Sep 2019|19 Mar 2024}}'''<br />
| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]'''<br/><small>(born 1957)</small><br />
<small>Governor of Jharkhand</small><br />(Additional charge)<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 20 March 2024<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 30 July 2024{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Maharashtra]]|name=Maharashtra}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|20 Mar 2024|30 July 2024}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1957)}}<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br />
| 31 July 2024 <br />
| 11 March 2026{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Maharashtra]]|name=Maharashtra}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|31 Jul 2024|11 March 2026}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1952)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] <br />
| 11 March 2026<br />
| ''Incumbent''<br />
|'''{{ayd|11 March 2026}}''' <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Telangana]]<br />
* [[List of chief ministers of Telangana]]<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
<br />
{{Governor of Telangana}}<br />
{{Telangana officials}}<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Telangana| ]]<br />
[[Category:Telangana-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of people from Telangana|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Maharashtra&diff=552719List of governors of Maharashtra2026-08-05T16:18:43Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = '''Raj Bhavan'''<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| flagborder = yes<br />
| incumbent = [[Jishnu Dev Varma]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 10 March 2026<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| style = [[The Honourable]] {{small|(formal)}}<br />[[Mister|Mr.Governor]] {{small|(informal)}}<br/>[[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />
| residence = Raj Bhavan, Mumbai<br />
Raj Bhavan, Nagpur<br />
Raj Bhavan, Pune<br />
Raj Bhavan, Mahabaleshwar<br />
| termlength = Five years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| precursor = [[Governor of Bombay]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1943|03|24}}<br />
| inaugural = [[ Raja Maharaj Singh]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in/|Raj Bhavan Maharashtra}}<br />
| image = Jishnu Dev Varma.png<br />
| body = Maharashtra<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Governor of Maharashtra''' is the ceremonial head of the state of [[Maharashtra]]. The [[Constitution of India]] confers the executive powers of the state to the Governor, however the de facto executive powers lie with the Council of Ministers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Governor - Information under RTI Act|url=http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/rti.pdf|access-date=16 March 2013|page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220025530/http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/rti.pdf|archive-date=20 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Bhagat Singh Koshiyari]] is the governor of Maharashtra since September 5, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhagat Singh Koshyari sworn in as new governor of Maharashtra|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/bhagat-singh-koshyari-sworn-in-as-new-governor-of-maharashtra|publisher=Free Press Journal|access-date=5 September 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Powers and duties ==<br />
The Governor appoints many top authorities as follows:<br />
:Advocate General of Maharashtra.<br />
:[[Maharashtra Lokayukta|Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta]]<br />
:[[Maharashtra State Election Commission|State Election Commissioner]]<br />
:Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal<br />
:Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission<br />
:Chairman and Members of the [[Maharashtra Public Service Commission]] (MPSC)<br />
:Chairmen and Members of the 3 Development Boards<br />
:[[Sheriff of Mumbai]]<br />
:[[Maharashtra State Information Commission|State Chief Information Commissioner]]<br />
<br />
==Governors of Maharashtra==<br />
*legend2="wheat"| additional charge <br />
This is a list of governors of [[Maharashtra]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in/rajbhavan/Pages/frm_prevgoverner.aspx |title=Previous Governors |work=Rajbhavan, [[Government of Maharashtra]] |access-date=7 December 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206050259/http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/default.htm |archive-date=6 February 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! {{Abbr|#}}<br />
! class="unsortable"|Portrait<br />
! Name<br />
!colspan=2| Term of office<br />
!scope=col|Time in office <br />
! Appointed by <br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|1<br />
|[[File: Raja Maharaj Singh.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Raja Maharaj Singh|Raja Sir Maharaj Singh, CIE]]<br />
| 6 January 1948<br />
| 30 May 1952<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1948|01|06|1952|05|30}}<br />
| [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|L. Mountbatten]]<br>{{small|(Governor General)}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|2<br />
|[[File: Girja Shankar Bajpai.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Girija Shankar Bajpai|Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai, KCSI, KBE, CIE]]<br />
| 30 May 1952<br />
| 5 December 1954<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1952|05|30|1954|12|05}}<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr. Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|3<br />
| [[File:Harekrushna Mahatab 2000 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr. [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]<br />
| 2 March 1955<br />
| 14 October 1956<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1955|03|02|1956|10|14}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|4<br />
|[[File:Sri Prakasa 1991 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Sri Prakasa]]<br />
| 10 December 1956<br />
| 16 April 1962<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1956|12|10|1962|04|16}}<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr. Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|5<br />
| [[File:P Subbarayan 1989 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr [[P. Subbarayan]]<br />
| 17 April 1962<br />
| 6 October 1962<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1962|04|17|1962|10|06}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|6<br />
|[[File:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit 1965b.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]<br />
| 28 November 1962<br />
| 18 October 1964<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1962|11|28|1964|10|18}}<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|7<br />
|<br />
| Dr. [[P V Cherian]]<br />
| 14 November 1964<br />
| 8 November 1969<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1964|11|14|1969|11|08}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|8<br />
|<br />
|[[Ali Yavar Jung]]<br />
| 26 February 1970<br />
| 11 December 1976<br />
|{{age in years and days|1970|2|26|1976|12|11}}<br />
|[[V. V. Giri]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|9<br />
|<br />
|[[Sri Sadiq Ali]]<br />
| 30 April 1977<br />
| 3 November 1980<br />
|{{age in years and days|1977|4|30|1980|11|3}}<br />
|[[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|''(acting President)''}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|10<br />
|<br />
| [[O P Mehra]]<br />
| 3 November 1980<br />
| 5 March 1982<br />
|{{age in years and days|1980|11|3|1982|3|5}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|11<br />
| [[File:ACM IH Latif.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Idris Hasan Latif]]<br />
| 6 March 1982<br />
| 16 April 1985<br />
|{{age in years and days|1982|3|6|1985|4|16}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
| 12<br />
| [[File:Acting Governor PM.png|100px]]<br />
| [[Peer Mohammed (Maharashtra politician)|Peer Mohammed]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 19 April 1985<br />
| 30 May 1985<br />
|{{age in years and days|1985|4|19|1985|5|30}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|13<br />
|<br />
|[[Kona Prabhakara Rao]]<br />
| 31 May 1985<br />
| 2 April 1986<br />
|{{age in years and days|1985|5|31|1986|4|2}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Zail Singh]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|14<br />
|[[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr. [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
| 3 April 1986<br />
| 2 September 1987<br />
|{{age in years and days|1986|4|3|1987|9|2}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|15<br />
|[[File:Kasu Brahmananda Reddy 2011 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]<br />
| 20 February 1988<br />
| 18 January 1990<br />
|{{age in years and days|1988|2|20|1990|1|18}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|16<br />
| [[File:Chidambaram Subramaniam.jpg|100px]]<br />
| Dr. [[C Subramaniam]]<br />
| 15 February 1990<br />
| 9 January 1993<br />
|{{age in years and days|1990|2|15|1993|1|9}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|17<br />
|<br />
| Dr. [[P.C. Alexander]]<br />
| 12 January 1993<br />
| 13 July 2002<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|1993|01|12|2002|07|13}}<br />
|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|18<br />
|<br />
|[[Mohammed Fazal]]<br />
| 10 October 2002<br />
| 5 December 2004<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2002|10|10|2004|12|05}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|19<br />
|[[File:Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[S.M. Krishna]]<br />
| 12 December 2004<br />
| 5 March 2008<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2004|12|12|2008|03|05}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|20<br />
|[[File:Governor S. C. Jamir with CM Naveen Patnaik and President Kovind (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[S.C. Jamir]]<br />
| 9 March 2008<br />
| 22 January 2010<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2008|03|09|2010|01|22}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |[[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|- style="text-align:center"<br />
|21<br />
|[[File:K. Sankaranarayanan.jpg|75px]]<br />
|[[Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]<br />
| 22 January 2010<br />
| 24 August 2014<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2010|01|22|2014|08|24}}<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|22<br />
| [[File:Vidhyasagar Rao.jpg|131x131px]]<br />
|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao|Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao]]<br />
| 30 August 2014<br />
| 4 September 2019<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2014|08|30|2019|09|04}}<br />
| [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
|23<br />
!<br />
|[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]<br />
| 5 September 2019<br />
| 18 February 2023<br />
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2019|09|05|2023|2|18}}<br />
| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
|24 <br />
|[[File:Ramesh Bais in 2023 (cropped).jpg|133x133px]]<br />
|[[Ramesh Bais]]<br />
|18 February 2023<br />
|29 July 2024<br />
|{{ayd|18 Feb 2023|29 Jul 2024}}<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|[[File:Shri C P Radhakrishnan, Honourable Vice President of India.jpg|120x120px]]<br />
|[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] <br />
|31 July 2024<br />
|11 September 2025 <small>(resigned to become the [[List of vice presidents of India|Vice- President of India]])</small><br />
|{{ayd|31 Jul 2024|11 Sep 2025}}<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"|<br />
|26<br />
|[[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|133x133px]]<br />
|[[Acharya Devvrat]] <br />
<small>(Additional charge)</small><br />
|15 September 2025<br />
|10 March 2026<br />
|{{ayd|15 Sep 2025|10 Mar 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
|27<br />
|[[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
|'''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]''' <br />
|10 March 2026<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|{{ayd|10 Mar 2026}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Seen also==<br />
*List of governors of Maharashtra<br />
<br />
*[[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Chairman of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] <br />
<br />
*[[List of Deputy Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Deputy Chairman of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leader of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leaders of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of Deputy Leader of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Deputy Leader of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
*[[List of Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<br />
<br />
*List of Deputy Leaders of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly<br />
<br />
*List of Deputy Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Council<br />
*[[Governors of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Maharashtra| ]]<br />
[[Category:Maharashtra-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552718Governor (India)2026-08-05T16:17:15Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Justice S. Abdul Nazeer.jpg|97x97px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Chhattisgarh&diff=552702List of governors of Chhattisgarh2026-08-05T13:13:57Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state in state of Chhattisgarh}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
<!-- this article can be expanded in similar fashion to [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala]] --><br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| body = Chhattisgarh<br />
| insignia = Coat of arms of Chhattisgarh.svg<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Chhattisgarh]]<br />
| insigniasize = 120<br />
| incumbent = [[Ramen Deka]]|<br />
| image = File:Ramen Deka with President Murmu (cropped).jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| incumbentsince = 31 July 2024<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Chhattisgarh)|Lok Bhavan]]; [[Raipur]]<br />
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|2000|11|1}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Dinesh Nandan Sahay|D. N. Sahay]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
The '''governor of Chhattisgarh''' is the nominal [[head of state]] of the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]]. The governor is appointed by the [[president of India]]. The official residence of the governor is [[Raj Bhavan, Raipur|Raj Bhavan]].<br />
<br />
The position of the governor of Chhattisgarh came into existence following the creation of the state in November 2000 as a result of the [[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|bifurcation of Madhya Pradesh]]. The first governor to be appointed was [[Dinesh Nandan Sahay]] who served in office between 2000 and 2003. The current governor is [[Ramen Deka]] who has been in office since 31 July 2024. A total of 10 governors has served in the state.<br />
<br />
<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 Jul 2024 |title=Ramen Deka appointed as Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/ramen-deka-appointed-as-governor-of-chhattisgarh/articleshow/112092448.cms |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
[[File:India Chhattisgarh locator map.svg|left|thumb|160px|Chhattisgarh is in central India.]]<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions}}<br />
The governor enjoys many different types of powers:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor.<br />
<br />
Apart from enjoying various constitutional powers, the governor of Chhattisgarh is the ''ex-officio'' Chancellor of the state universities of Chhattisgarh. The universities include [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Sciences and Ayush University of Chhattisgarh]], [[Bastar Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Hemchand Yadav Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Sarguja University]], etc.<br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
<br />
{{quote|I, ''A. B.'', do swear in the name of God/solemly affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions of the Governor) of Chhattisgarh and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of Chhattisgarh.}} <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The inaugural governor of Chhattisgarh was retired Indian Police Service officer and former Bihar DGP [[Dinesh Nandan Sahay]] who served in office since the state's creation in November 2000 until he swapped positions with then Governor of Tripura Lieutenant General [[Krishna Mohan Seth]] (retired) in June 2003. <ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2018 |title=Chhattisgarh’s first Governor Dinesh Nandan Sahay passes away |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chhattisgarh-s-first-governor-passes-away-118012900584_1.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>Seth served in office until retiring in January 2007 and was succeeded by former Intelligence Bureau director [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]. Narasimhan served as the state's governor until being permanently transferred as Governor of Andhra Pradesh in January 2010, a position he was holding on additional basis since December 2009 following the resignation of [[N. D. Tiwari]]. Following the transfer of Narasimhan, former Defence Secretary [[Shekhar Dutt]] was appointed as the governor and he remained in office until resigning in June 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 July 2025 |title=Ex-defence secretary and former Chhattisgarh Governor Shekhar Dutt passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ex-defence-secretary-shekhar-dutt-passes-away/articleshow/122213193.cms |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Following Dutt's resignation, Madhya Pradesh governor [[Ram Naresh Yadav]] briefly acted as the state's governor. He was relieved of the additional duties following the appointment of [[Balram Das Tandon]] the following month. Tandon remained the governor until his demise in office on 14 August 2018, thus becoming the first and only sitting governor of the state to die in office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2018 |title=Balramji Das Tandon, former Chhattisgarh Governor, dies at 90 |url=https://www.ndtv.in/mp-chhattisgarh-news/chhattisgarh-governor-balramji-das-tandon-dies-1900399 |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=NDTV |language=hi}}</ref> He was succeeded by Madhya Pradesh governor [[Anandiben Patel]] on acting basis who served till July the next year and was succeeded by [[Anusuiya Uikey]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2018 |title=Anandiben Patel takes additional charge as Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.ibc24.in/state/anandiben-patel-cg-governor-40880-98270.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=IBC24 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2019 |title=Anusuiya Uikey assumes charge as new Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/anusuiya-uikey-assumes-charge-as-governor-of-chhattisgarh-119072901471_1.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> Uikey served as the state's governor until February 2023 and was transferred as Governor of Manipur and was succeeded by Andhra Pradesh governor [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2023 |title=Biswabhusan Harichandan sworn in as Governor of Chhattisgarh |url=https://scroll.in/latest/930784/anysuya-uikey-bb-harishchandran-appointed-governors-of-chhattisgarh-and-andhra-pradesh |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> Till July 2024, Harichandan remained in office and was replaced by [[Ramen Deka]]. Since then, Deka has been the governor of the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 Jul 2024 |title=रामेन डेका को छत्तीसगढ़ का नया राज्यपाल बनाया गया |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/chhattisgarh/who-is-ramen-deka-new-governor-of-chhattisgarh-know-about-him-2747539 |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=ABP Live |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List ==<br />
;Legend<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred<br />
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned<br />
<br />
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"<br />
! rowspan="2"| No.<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" | Governor <br><small>(lifespan)</small><br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" | Appointer<br/>(President)<br />
|- <br />
! style="width:9.5em"| Took office <br />
! style="width:9.5em"| Left office <br />
! style="width:5em"| Term length <br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[File:Dinesh Nandan Sahay, Governor of Tripura.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Dinesh Nandan Sahay]]'''<br>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br>(1936–2018)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| 1 November 2000<br />
| 1 June 2003{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tripura]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|1 November 2000|1 June 2003}}<br />
| [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh with the Governor of Chhattisgarh, Lt. Gen. (Retd.) K. M. Seth at Raj Bhawan in Raipur, during his one day visit to the State on April 30, 2005 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]}}<br>'''[[Krishna Mohan Seth]]''' {{small|(Retd)}}<br>{{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|AVSM}}<br>{{small|(born 1939)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| 2 June 2003<br />
| 25 January 2007<br />
| {{ayd|2 Jun 2003|25 Jan 2007}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[File:E. S. L. Narasimhan.JPG|80x80px]]<br />
| '''[[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]'''<br>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br>(born 1945)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| 26 January 2007<br />
| 23 January 2010{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|26 January 2007|23 January 2010}}<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[File:Shekhar Dutt.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Shekhar Dutt]]'''<br>{{post-nominals|country=IND|SM}} {{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br>(1945–2025)}}<br />
| [[Assam]]<br />
| 23 January 2010<br />
| 19 June 2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| {{ayd|23 January 2010|19 June 2014}}<br />
| [[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[File:Ram Naresh Yadav (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | '''[[Ram Naresh Yadav]]'''<br>{{small|(1928–2016) (Additional charge)}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 19 June 2014 <br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 14 July 2014<br />
| {{ayd|19 June 2014|14 July 2014}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:Balram Tandon (cropped).jpg|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Balram Das Tandon]]'''<br>{{small|(1927–2018)}}<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| 18 July 2014<br />
| 14 August 2018{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| {{ayd|18 July 2014|14 August 2018}}<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Anandiben Patel]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1941) (Additional charge)}}<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Gujarat]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 15 August 2018<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| 28 July 2019{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|15 August 2018|28 July 2019}}<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[File:The Vice President, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST), Mo Tribal Affairs, Ms. Anusuiya Uikey addressing a press conference, in New Delhi on September 24, 2018 (1) (cropped).JPG|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Anusuiya Uikey]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1957)}}<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| 29 July 2019<br />
| 22 February 2023{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Manipur]]}}<br />
| {{ayd|29 July 2019|22 February 2023}}<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[File:The Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Biswabhusan Harichandan.jpg|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1934)}}<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br />
| 23 February 2023<br />
| 30 July 2024<br />
| {{ayd|23 February 2023|30 July 2024}}<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[File:Ramen Deka with President Murmu (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1954)}}<br />
| [[Assam]]<br />
| 31 July 2024<br />
| ''Incumbent'' <br />
| {{ayd|31 July 2024}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
* [[Governors of India#Powers and functions|Powers and functions of the governors of India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*http://www.dprcg.gov.in/content/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF<br />
<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
{{Chhattisgarh}}<br />
{{Governors of Chhattisgarh}}<br />
[[Category:Governors of Chhattisgarh|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:Chhattisgarh-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syed_Ata_Hasnain&diff=552701Syed Ata Hasnain2026-08-05T13:12:51Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian general}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=September 2016}} <br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]<br />
| name = Syed Ata Hasnain<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[UYSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]**<br />
| image =Syed A. Hasnain.png <br />
| image_size =180px <br />
| caption =Hasnain, {{circa|2026}} <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| birth_date = <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} if dead --><br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date first, then birth date --><br />
| death_place = <br />
| placeofburial = <br />
| placeofburial_label = <br />
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --><br />
| allegiance = {{IND}}<br />
| branch = {{army|India}}<br />
| serviceyears = 1974-2013<br />
| rank =[[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|20px]] [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]<br />
| servicenumber = IC-30353P<ref name="commission"/><br />
| unit = 4 [[The Garhwal Rifles|Garhwal Rifles]]<br />
| commands = [[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]]<br/>[[XXI Corps (India)|XXI Corps]]<br/>[[19th Infantry Division (India)|19th Infantry Division]]<br/>[[12th Indian Infantry Brigade|12th Infantry Brigade]]<br/> [[The Garhwal Rifles|4 Garhwal Rifles]]<br />
| battles = <br />
| battles_label = <br />
| awards = [[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br/>[[File:Uttam Yudh Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]<br/>[[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br/>[[File:Sena Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Sena Medal]] <br/>[[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]] ([[Medal bar|Bar]])<br />
| memorials =<br />
| spouse = Sabiha Hasnain<br />
| relations = [[Syed Mahdi Hasnain]] (father)<br />
| laterwork = <br />
| signature = <br />
| signature_size =<br />
| signature_alt =<br />
| website = [https://atahasnain.wordpress.com/about/ Ata Hasnain]<br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
[[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Syed Ata Hasnain''' <small>[[PVSM]], [[UYSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] [[Medal bar|& Bar]]</small> is a retired [[General]] of the [[Indian Army]]. His last assignment in service was as the [[Military Secretary (India)|Military Secretary]] of the Indian Army. Prior to that, he commanded the Indian Army's [[XV Corps (India)|15 Corps]] in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], amongst other appointments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Humane approach with people: Lt Gen Hasnain|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10dec17/body.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051958/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/10dec17/body.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|website=Daily Excelsior}}</ref> He has also commanded [[XXI Corps (India)|21 Corps (Strike)]]. In 2018, General Hasnain was appointed Chancellor of [[Central University of Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 July 2018|title=Lt General Syed Ata Hasnain is chancellor of Kashmir varsity|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lt-general-syed-ata-hasnain-is-chancellor-of-kashmir-varsity/articleshow/64969707.cms|access-date=2021-10-23}}</ref><br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Syed Ata Hasnain is the second son of Major General [[Syed Mahdi Hasnain]], PVSM. He completed his school education at [[Sherwood College]], [[Nainital]]. Thereafter he attended [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi, India|St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], where he received a B.A. (Honours) degree in History, in 1972. General Hasnain is an alumnus of the [[Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies|Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies]] (APCSS), Hawaii, USA and the [[Royal College of Defence Studies]], London.<ref>{{cite web|title=NDC Portal. Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS), UK.|url=http://ndc.viburnix.com/contents/index/103|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214093623/http://ndc.viburnix.com/contents/index/103|archive-date=14 December 2010|website=ndc.viburnix.com|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He also studied at [[King's College London|King's College]], [[University of London]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Syed Ata Hasnain|url=https://eoi.gov.in/eoisearch/MyPrint.php?4839?000/0001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218110724/http://eoi.gov.in/eoisearch/MyPrint.php?4839?000/0001|archive-date=18 February 2017|access-date=2021-10-23|website=eoi.gov.in|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Military career==<br />
Syed Ata Hasnain was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, [[Garhwal Rifles]], from the [[Indian Military Academy]], [[Dehradun]], on 16 June 1974.<ref name="commission">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1082 |date=16 August 1975 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> It is a unit raised by his father. He eventually commanded the same battalion. He participated in [[Operation Pawan]] in [[Sri Lanka]] during 1988-90, and took part in counter insurgency operations in Punjab in 1990-91.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|last=Jaleel|first=Muzamil|date=17 April 2011|title=A People's General|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/a-peoples-general/777108/0|url-status=live|access-date=23 October 2021|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> During the 1990s, the then Colonel Hasnain served with the [[United Nations]] in [[Mozambique]], and later, war torn [[Rwanda]]. He attended the Higher Command Course at [[Army War College, Mhow]], and thereafter served as Colonel General Staff at the HQ Victor Force at Avantipura South Kashmir, at the height of the militancy. As a [[Brigadier]], he served in J&K as Commander, 12 Infantry Brigade, on the [[Line of Control]], at [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/reports/international/kashmir2_20030929.shtml|title=BBC - Radio 4 - Today Programme International Report|work=BBC}}</ref> <br />
<br />
He later commanded [[19th Infantry Division (India)|19 Infantry Division]] in [[Baramulla]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], as a [[Major General]], serving under the overall direction of XV Corps. As a [[Lieutenant General]], Hasnain has been posted as [[General Officer Commanding]] (GOC), [[XXI Corps (India)|XXI Corps]], in [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. In October, 2010, it was announced that he will be returning to [[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]] in Kashmir, as the GOC of that formation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-12-04|title=Hasnain takes over Command of the Army's key 15 Corps|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/regional/hasnain-takes-over-command-of-the-armys-key-15-corps/|access-date=2021-10-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> As GOC of XV Corps, he has held several meetings to redress grievances and concerns of commons citizens, and to bring the Army closer to them<ref>{{cite web|last=Sodhi|first=Tejinder Singh|date=11 July 2011|title=This officer reaches out to Kashmir's awam. Lt-Gen SA Hasnain speaks in Urdu, praises their 'tehzeeb' and talks peace.|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110712/main7.htm|url-status=live|access-date=23 October 2021|website=The Tribune}}</ref> He conceived and operationalised the "Hearts Doctrine" which focused on people as the centre of gravity in Kashmir. His contribution towards improving the security scenario in Kashmir was the balance he brought between the employment of hard power in counter infiltration and counter terrorist operations and military soft power. Gen. Hasnain played a pivotal role in starting the [[Kashmir Premier League (India)|Kashmir Premier League]] (KPL) in 2011, to build bridges between Kashmiris and Indian Army men.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dogra|first=Chander Suta|date=2013-09-28|title=With malice toward goodwill|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/with-malice-toward-goodwill/article5176540.ece|access-date=2021-10-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Throughout his tenure he applied an intellectual approach towards conflict and even guided the State Government in its approach as its Security Adviser. On 9 June 2012, Lt Gen Hasnain took office as the [[Military Secretary (India)|Military Secretary]], at Army Headquarters, [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yusuf|first=Shabir Ibn|date=1 June 2012|title=Gen Hasnain to demit office on June 9|work=Greater Kashmir|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2012/Jun/1/gen-hasnain-to-demit-office-on-june-9-68.asp|access-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304112955/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2012/Jun/1/gen-hasnain-to-demit-office-on-june-9-68.asp|archive-date=4 March 2014}}</ref> His unique and innovative approach defined as "Playing Friend Not God" has been widely appreciated as the new HR management mantra across domains in and outside the military.<br />
<br />
On 7 Sep 2013, Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain was awarded his first civilian honor by the Capital Foundation Society of Delhi. He received the award from the [[Vice President of India]], [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]. The award was for Military leadership of an exceptional order. On 9 Sep 2013, the General Officer spoke at the Global Town Hall organized by the US based Ali Soufan Group and Qatar International Academy for Security Studies. This event was simultaneously held at New York, Singapore, Dakkar and Belfast. Lt Gen Hasnain spoke at Singapore on the subject ' Applying Counter Narratives in Conflict Stabilisation : The Heart is My Weapon Doctrine in Kashmir's Conflict Zone'.<br />
<br />
==Post-Retirement==<br />
Ever since his superannuation on 30 June 2013, General Hasnain has actively pursued intellectual activities and promoted the cause and perception of the Indian Army. He is a prolific member of Track 2 diplomacy with Pakistan bringing his vast experience of J&K to the meetings.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} He is a Visiting Fellow of the [[Vivekananda International Foundation]], [[New Delhi]] and Senior Fellow with Delhi Policy Group, two of the most prominent think tanks of New Delhi besides being on the Governing Council of Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} He writes for ''[[The Times of India ]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'', ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', ''[[The Asian Age]]'', ''[[Brighter Kashmir]]'' and ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' on various strategic issues.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} He lectures at the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration|National Academy of Administration]], [[Mussoorie]] and [[National Academy of Customs, Excise and Narcotics]] (NACEN), [[Faridabad]], besides the [[College of Air Warfare]], [[Army War College, Mhow]], [[Defence Services Staff College]] and various institutions under the [[All India Management Association]] and [[Centre for Land Warfare Studies]] (CLAWS).{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} He has recently lectured at [[United Service Institution]] (USI) and [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]] (IDSA).{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
Gen Hasnain introduced the Scholar Warrior concept to the Indian Army,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd) {{!}} NDMA, GoI|url=https://ndma.gov.in/about-us/members/Lt-Gen-Syed-Ata-Hasnain|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425181013/https://ndma.gov.in/about-us/members/Lt-Gen-Syed-Ata-Hasnain|archive-date=25 April 2021|access-date=2021-10-23|website=ndma.gov.in|quote=...he has been at the forefront of encouraging the adoption of the US initiated Scholar Warrior concept in the Indian Army. ...}}</ref> and after superannuation has extensively promoted the necessity of incorporating military intellectualism and strategic culture in India.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} In this regard he is a popular speaker at corporate events.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} Among the companies that he has addressed include Deloitte, Deutsche Bank, Ashok Leyland, Larsen & Toubro (Design), Amdocs Pune, Atoc, Sanofi Pasteur, SBI, KPMG, Amit Rathi, Mindtree and Knight Frank India.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} His talks have been greatly appreciated because of the passion, patriotic fervor and linkages that he establishes between national security, the common citizen and the corporate world.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} He has spoken at nine chapters of the Young Presidents Organization (YPO) and the Chennai chapter of the Entrepreneur Organisation of India, each on a different subject.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} He spoke at the Regional Meeting of the Owner's Forum in Mar 2017 and DEc 2018; a reputed international corporate club of families who own business houses.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} A signature event was his talk to the visiting members of YPO Coastal California, on India-US relations.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} Gen Hasnain's attraction as a speaker of international repute is his long experience in turbulent zones and ability to handle touchy issues with ease.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} His vast knowledge of history, politics and international relations allows him to address and explain issues which would need days of individual study to understand and comprehend.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
On 21 February 2020 he was appointed Member of the [[National Disaster Management Authority (India)|National Disaster Management Authority]] (NDMA) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is Who {{!}} NDMA, GoI|url=https://ndma.gov.in/about-us/Who-Is-Who|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425224956/https://ndma.gov.in/about-us/Who-Is-Who|archive-date=25 April 2021|access-date=2021-10-23|website=ndma.gov.in}}</ref> In that appointment, he is currently also a member of the Empowered Committee for Information & Communication set up by the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]] (PMO).{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and decorations==<br />
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|[[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}<br />
|[[File:UNAMIR Medal bar.svg|105px]] <br />
|[[File:UNTSO Medal bar.gif|105px]] <br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
|[[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]<br />
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
|[[Sena Medal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vishisht Seva Medal]] (Bar)<br />
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]<br />
|[[Operation Vijay Star]]<br />
|[[Siachen Glacier Medal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Special Service Medal]]<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Operation Vijay Medal]]<br />
|[[Operation Parakram Medal]]<br />
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|High Altitude Service Medal]]<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Videsh Seva Medal]]<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|50th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|30 Years Long Service Medal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|20 Years Long Service Medal]]<br />
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|9 Years Long Service Medal]]<br />
|[[UNAMIR|UN Mission in Rwanda Medal]]<br />
|[[UNTSO|UN Mission in Middle East Medal]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
Gen. Hasnain is married to Sabiha Hasnain, who is a senior executive with a multinational company. They have two daughters.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/> His elder brother, Raza Hasnain, is a retired IAS officer.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
== Posts held ==<br />
<br />
# Lieutenant General (1973 - 2013)<br />
# [[List of governors of Bihar|Governor of Bihar]] (14 March 2026 - Incumbent)<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Syed Mahdi Hasnain]]<br />
* [[Zameer Uddin Shah|Lieutenant General Zameer Uddin Shah]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite web|last=Hasnain|first=Syed Ata|date=30 November 2017|title=The 'missing' muslim regiment: Without comprehensive rebuttal, Pakistani propaganda dupes the gullible across the board|url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-edit-page/the-missing-muslim-regiment-without-comprehensive-rebuttal-pakistani-propaganda-dupes-the-gullible-across-the-board/|url-status=live|access-date=23 October 2021|work=The Times of India}}<br />
*{{Cite web|authors=Lt-Gen Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd)|date=6 October 2018|title=How oil crisis began & multiplied into geopolitics|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/comment/how-oil-crisis-began-multiplied-into-geopolitics-663807|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-23|website=Tribune India}}<br />
*{{Cite web|authors=Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd)|date=31 August 2020|title=Revisiting Siachen after the Ladakh stand-off|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/aug/31/revisiting-siachen-after-the-ladakh-stand-off-2190461.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-23|website=The New Indian Express}}<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120409230805/http://southasianidea.com/internal-security/au-revoir-lieutenant-navdeep-singh/ Au Revoir, Lieutenant Navdeep Singh..] by Major General Raj Mehta [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] (Retired)<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110110030300/http://southasianidea.com/uncategorized/as-general-ata-hasnain-moves-to-kashmir/ As General Ata Hasnain Moves to Kashmir..]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110414234726/http://southasianidea.com/uncategorized/gen-hasnain-moves-kashmir/ General Hasnain Moves Kashmir..]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120120132603/http://southasianidea.com/internal-security/pragmatic-general/ Pragmatic General..]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120120114417/http://southasianidea.com/internal-security/a-peoples-general/ A Peoples General..]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120120132015/http://southasianidea.com/internal-security/kashmir-2011-the-turning-point-2/ Kashmir 2011 The Turning Point..]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120508025019/http://southasianidea.com/internal-security/seminar-on-enhancing-jammu-and-kashmirs-pride/ Seminar on Enhancing J&K's Pride..]<br />
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/column/the-danger-behind-pakistans-new-swagger/20150430.htm/ The danger behind Pakistan's new swagger]<br />
* [http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-edit-page/honouring-faith-and-secularism-in-the-armed-forces-men-who-fight-together-must-pray-together/ Honouring faith and secularism in the armed forces: Men who fight together must pray together] ''Times of India''<br />
* https://www.firstpost.com/india/holding-military-commanders-alone-responsible-for-setbacks-in-hybrid-conflict-doesnt-absolve-state-of-its-role-6871451.html<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-mil}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
| before = N C Marwah<br />
| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] [[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]]<br />
| years = 2010 - 2012<br />
| after = [[Om Prakash (general)|Om Prakash]]}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian Army}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasnain, Syed Ata}}<br />
[[Category:Indian generals]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Allahabad]]<br />
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Army personnel]]<br />
[[Category:Sherwood College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Uttam Yudh Seva Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sena Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Sena Medal]]<br />
[[Category:Army War College, Mhow alumni]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Bihar&diff=552698List of governors of Bihar2026-08-05T13:07:16Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor of Bihar<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = '''Raj Bhavan'''<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| flagborder = yes<br />
| image = Syed Ata Hasnain.png<br />
| incumbent = [[Syed Ata Hasnain]]<br />
| incumbentsince = 14 March 2026<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Bihar)|Raj Bhavan, Patna, Bihar]]<br />
| termlength = Five Years<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1936|04|01}}<br />
| inaugural = <br />
| website = {{URL|http://governor.bih.nic.in}}<br />
| body = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
<!-- this list can be expanded in a similar fashion to [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala]] --><br />
[[File:IN-BR.svg|right|180px|thumb|Location of [[Bihar]] in India.]]<br />
The '''Governor of Bihar''' is a nominal head and representative of the [[President of India]] in the state of [[Bihar]]. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years. [[Phagu Chauhan]] is the current governor of Bihar.<ref>{{cite news|title=President Kovind Appoints 5 New Governors, Tamil Nadu Gets Its Own After A Year|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/president-approves-appointment-of-5-governors-1-lieutenant-governor-1757018|access-date=30 September 2017|work=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/satya-pal-malik-new-j-k-governor-lalji-tandon-takes-his-place-in-bihar-118082101168_1.html|title=Satya Pal Malik new J&K Governor, Lalji Tandon takes his place in Bihar|last=Mohan|first=Archis|date=2018-08-21|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-08-21}}</ref> Former President [[Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] and current President [[Ram Nath Kovind]] were two such Governors of Bihar who succeeded on to become the [[President of India]].<br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
The Governor has:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.<br />
<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions|l1=Powers and functions of the Governor}}<br />
<br />
In his ex-officio capacity, the Governor of Bihar is Chancellor of the universities of Bihar (at present 12) as per the Acts of the Universities.<br />
<br />
[[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-129-7.jpg|thumb|Sir Hugh Dow and Sir Frederick Seaford – Dow was the last governor of Bihar under British Raj]]<br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Yousuf husain.jpg|thumb|[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] (sitting) was 4th governor of Bihar and went on to become 3rd President of India]] --><br />
[[File:Ram Nath Kovind welcoming Pranab Mukherjee at Patna.jpg|thumb|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] was 26th Governor of Bihar who went on to become 14th President of India.]]<br />
<br />
==Governors of Bihar==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
! #<br />
! Name<br />
! Entered office<br />
! Left office<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |Before Independence<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
|[[Sir James David Sifton]]<br />
| 1 April 1936<br />
| 10 March 1937<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
|[[Maurice Garnier Hallett|Sir Maurice Garnier Hallett]]<br />
| 11 March 1937<br />
| 15 May 1938<br />
|-<br />
! –<br />
|[[Thomas Alexander Stewart|Sir Thomas Alexander Stewart]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 15 May 1938<br />
| 16 September 1938<br />
|-<br />
! (2)<br />
|[[Maurice Garnier Hallett|Sir Maurice Garnier Hallett]]<br />
| 17 September 1938<br />
| 5 August 1939<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
|[[Thomas Alexander Stewart|Sir Thomas Alexander Stewart]]<br />
| 6 August 1939<br />
| 2 February 1943<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
|[[Thomas George Rutherford|Sir Thomas George Rutherford]]<br />
| 3 February 1943<br />
| 6 September 1943<br />
|-<br />
! –<br />
|[[Francis Mudie|Sir Francis Mudie]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 7 September 1943<br />
| 23 April 1944<br />
|-<br />
! (4)<br />
|[[Thomas George Rutherford|Sir Thomas George Rutherford]]<br />
| 24 April 1944<br />
| 12 May 1946<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
|[[Hugh Dow|Sir Hugh Dow]]<br />
| 13 May 1946<br />
| 14 August 1947<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" |After Independence<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
|[[Jairamdas Daulatram]]<br />
| 15 August 1947<br />
| 11 January 1948<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
|[[Madhav Shrihari Aney]]<br />
| 12 January 1948<br />
| 14 June 1952<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
|[[R. R. Diwakar]]<br />
| 15 June 1952<br />
| 5 July 1957<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
|[[Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]]<br />
| 6 July 1957<br />
| 11 May 1962<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
|[[M. A. S. Ayyangar]]<br />
| 12 May 1962<br />
| 6 December 1967<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
|[[Nityanand Kanungo]]<br />
| 7 December 1967<br />
| 20 January 1971<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
|[[Justice U.N. Sinha]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 21 January 1971<br />
| 31 January 1971<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
|[[Dev Kant Baruah]]<br />
| 1 February 1971<br />
| 4 February 1973<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
|[[Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare]]<br />
| 4 February 1973<br />
| 15 June 1976<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
|[[Jagannath Kaushal]]<br />
| 16 June 1976<br />
| 31 January 1979<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
|[[Justice K.B.N. Singh]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 31 January 1979<br />
| 19 September 1979<br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
|[[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]<br />
| 20 September 1979<br />
| 15 March 1985<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
|[[P. Venkatasubbaiah]]<br />
| 15 March 1985<br />
| 25 February 1988<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
|[[Govind Narayan Singh|Govind Narain Singh]]<br />
| 26 February 1988<br />
| 24 January 1989<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
|[[Justice Dipak Kumar Sen]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 24 January 1989<br />
| 28 January 1989<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
|[[R.D. Pradhan]]<br />
| 29 January 1989<br />
| 2 February 1989<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
|[[Jagannath Pahadia]]<br />
| 3 March 1989<br />
| 2 February 1990<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
|[[Justice G.G. Sohoni]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 2 February 1990<br />
| 16 February 1990<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
|[[Mohammad Saleem (Governor)|Mohammad Saleem]]<br />
| 16 February 1990<br />
| 13 February 1991<br />
|-<br />
! 20<br />
|[[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 14 February 1991<br />
| 18 March 1991<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
|[[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]]<br />
| 19 March 1991<br />
| 13 August 1993<br />
|-<br />
! 22<br />
|[[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]<br />
| 14 August 1993<br />
| 26 April 1998<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
|[[Sunder Singh Bhandari]]<br />
| 27 April 1998<br />
| 15 March 1999<br />
|-<br />
! 24<br />
|[[Justice B.M. Lall]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 15 March 1999<br />
| 5 October 1999<br />
|-<br />
!25<br />
|[[Suraj Bhan]] ''(additional charge)''<br />
| 6 October 1999<br />
| 22 November 1999<br />
|-<br />
! 26<br />
|[[V. C. Pande]]<br />
| 23 November 1999<br />
| 12 June 2003<br />
|-<br />
! 27<br />
|[[M R Jois]]<br />
| 12 June 2003<br />
| 31 October 2004<br />
|-<br />
! 28<br />
|[[Ved Prakash Marwah]] ''(acting)''<br />
| 1 November 2004<br />
| 4 November 2004<br />
|-<br />
! 29<br />
|[[Buta Singh]]<br />
| 5 November 2004<br />
| 29 January 2006<br />
|-<br />
! 30<br />
|[[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]<br />
| 31 January 2006<br />
| 21 June 2006<br />
|-<br />
! 31<br />
|[[R. S. Gavai]]<br />
| 22 June 2006<br />
| 9 July 2008<br />
|-<br />
! 32<br />
|[[R. L. Bhatia]]<br />
| 10 July 2008<br />
| 28 June 2009<br />
|-<br />
! 33<br />
|[[Devanand Konwar]]<br />
| 29 June 2009<br />
| 21 March 2013<br />
|-<br />
! 34<br />
|[[D. Y. Patil]]<br />
| 22 March 2013<br />
| 26 November 2014<br />
|-<br />
! 35<br />
|[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]] <br />
| 27 November 2014<br />
| 15 August 2015<br />
|-<br />
! 36<br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
| 16 August 2015<br />
| 20 June 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/profile.htm|title=Profile of the President of India|website=presidentofindia.nic.in|language=en|access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! 37<br />
|[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]] ''(additional charge)''<br />
| 20 June 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ram-nath-kovind-resigns-as-bihar-governor/article19108472.ece|title=Ram Nath Kovind resigns as Bihar Governor|date=2017-06-20|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-12|others=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
| 29 September 2017<br />
|-<br />
! 38<br />
|[[Satya Pal Malik]]<br />
| 30 September 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-satya-pal-malik-bihar-governor-4868075/|title=Who is Satya Pal Malik?|date=2017-09-30|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-01-12|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
| 23 August 2018<br />
|-<br />
!39<br />
|[[Lalji Tandon]]<br />
|23 August 2018<ref>{{cite news |title=Lalji Tandon sworn in as Bihar Governor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lalji-tandon-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor/article24758631.ece |work=The Hindu|date=23 August 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
|28 July 2019<br />
|-<br />
!40<br />
|[[Phagu Chauhan]]<br />
|29 July 2019<br />
|17 February 2023<br />
|-<br />
!41<br />
|[[Rajendra Arlekar]] <br />
|17 February 2023<br />
|2 January 2025<br />
|-<br />
!42<br />
|[[Arif Mohammad Khan]] <br />
|2 January 2025<br />
|14 March 2026<br />
|-<br />
!43<br />
|[[Syed Ata Hasnain]] <br />
|14 March 2026<br />
|Incumbent<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Governor (India)]]<br />
*[[Chief Minister of Bihar]]<br />
*[[List of Governors of Bihar and Orissa]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://governor.bih.nic.in Bihar governor website]<br />
<br />
{{Government of Bihar}}<br />
{{Governor of Bihar}}<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
{{Administrators of provinces in British India}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Governors of Bihar}}<br />
[[Category:Governors of Bihar| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552697Governor (India)2026-08-05T13:06:26Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Justice S. Abdul Nazeer.jpg|border|97x97px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|border|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain.png|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|border|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|border|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma office.jpg|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|border|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|border|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|border|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|border|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|border|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|border|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajendra_Arlekar&diff=552694Rajendra Arlekar2026-08-05T12:59:17Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox politician<br />
| name = Rajendra Arlekar<br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = Rajendra Arlekar.png<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|04|23|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Panaji]], [[Goa]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office1 = 21st [[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|Governor of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start1 = 13 July 2021<br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata1 = [[Jai Ram Thakur|Jairam Thakur]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Bandaru Dattatreya]]<br />
| successor1 = <br />
| office2 = Minister of Forest, Environment, and the Panchayat of [[Government of Goa|Goa]]<br />
| term_start2 = 1 October 2015<br />
| term_end2 = 2017 <ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Pernem-MLA-Rajendra-Arlekar-takes-oath-as-minister/articleshow/49183793.cms|title=Pernem MLA Rajendra Arlekar takes oath as minister - Times of India|website=indiatimes.com|accessdate=9 January 2018}}</ref><br />
| office3 = Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| termstart3 = 2012<br />
| term_end3 = 2017<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Dayanand Sopte]]<br />
| successor3 = [[Manohar Ajgaonkar]]<br />
| constituency3 = [[Pernem (Goa Assembly constituency)|Pernem]]<br />
| office4 = Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| termstart4 = 2002<br />
| term_end4 = 2007<br />
| predecessor4 = [[Jose Philip D'Souza]]<br />
| successor4 = [[Jose Philip D'Souza]]<br />
| constituency4 = [[Vasco Da Gama (Goa Assembly constituency)|Vasco]]<br />
| office5 = Speaker of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| termstart5 = 2012<br />
| termend5 = 2015<br />
| predecessor5 = [[Pratapsingh Rane]]<br />
| successor5 = [[Anant Shet]]<br />
| restingplace = <br />
| restingplacecoordinates = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| citizenship = India<br />
| nationality = <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations--><br />
| spouse = Anagha Arlekar<br />
| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--><br />
| relations = Married<br />
| children = 2<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = <br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| cabinet = <br />
| committees = Chairman, Business Advisory Committee<br />
| portfolio = <br />
| website = http://www.rajendraarlekar.in<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| blank1 = Designation<br />
| data1 = Former Speaker of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rajendra Arlekar''' is the current and 21st [[Governor of Himachal Pradesh]]. He was a Cabinet Minister in the [[Government of Goa]] and a former speaker of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]. He is a leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<br />
<br />
== Posts held ==<br />
<br />
# Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] (2002 - 2007)<br />
# Member of the Goa Legislative Assembly (2012 - 2017)<br />
# Speaker of the Goa Legislative Assembly (1 October 2015 - 2017)<br />
# Governor of Indian states (13 July 2021 {{Ndash}} Incumbent) (Himachal Pradesh , Bihar, Kerala , Tamil Nadu ) <br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
Arlekar has been associated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] since his childhood. He joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 1989.<br />
He has been an active member of the Goa BJP since the 1980s. He has held various positions which include the following:<br />
General Secretary, Bharatiya Janata Party, Goa Pradesh.<br />
Chairman, Goa Industrial Development Corporation.<br />
Chairman, Goa State Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes Financial Development Corporation.<br />
General Secretary, Bharatiya Janata Party, Goa.<br />
South Goa President, Bharatiya Janata Party.<br />
<br />
When [[Manohar Parrikar]] was roped in as the Union Defence Minister in 2014, Arlekar was considered for the next Chief Minister but the Party Choose Laxmikant Parsekar as the next Chief Minister instead.<br />
<br />
He is credited for making Goa Legislative Assembly paperless, the first state assembly to do so.<br />
<br />
In 2015 he was appointed as the Minister for Environment and Forests during the reshuffling of the cabinet.<br />
<br />
On 6 July 2021 he was appointed as [[Himachal Pradesh]] Governor when the incumbent Bandaru Dattatreya was made the governor of Haryana. Arlekar thanked the Party and stated that BJP is a Party where the work of each and every member is recognized.<ref>{{Cite web|last=author/ians|date=2021-07-06|title=Ex-Goa Speaker Rajendra Arlekar is new Himachal Governor {{!}} english.lokmat.com|url=https://english.lokmat.com/politics/ex-goa-speaker-rajendra-arlekar-is-new-himachal-governor/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=Lokmat English|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}2.https://english.lokmat.com/politics/ex-goa-speaker-rajendra-arlekar-is-new-himachal-governor/<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-off}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Pratapsingh Rane]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Goa Legislative Assembly#List of speakers|Speaker of Goa Legislative Assembly]]|years=16 March 2012 - 01 October 2015}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Bandaru Dattatreya]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|Governor of Himachal Pradesh]]|years=8 July 2021 - Present}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Anant Shet]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arlekar, Rajendra}}<br />
[[Category:1954 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Speakers of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[Category:People from Panaji]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Himachal Pradesh]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Tamil_Nadu&diff=552693List of governors of Tamil Nadu2026-08-05T12:52:46Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|''De jure'' head of the state of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
|post = [[Governor (India)|Governor]]<br />
|body = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|native_name = {{lang|ta-Latn|Tamiḻnāṭu Āḷunar}}<br />
|insignia = [[File:Emblem of India.svg|70px|frameless|upright=0.6|class=skin-invert]]<br />
|insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India|Emblem of India]]<br />
|image = Rajendra Arlekar.png<br />
|incumbent = [[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]]<br/><small>'''(Additional Charge)'''</small><br />
|incumbentsince = 12 March 2026<br />
|style = [[His Excellency]]<br />
|status = [[Head of state]]<br />
|reports_to = [[President of India]]<br />
|residence = {{unbulleted list|[[Lok Bhavan, Chennai]]|[[Lok Bhavan, Ooty|Lok&nbsp;Bhavan,&nbsp;Udhagamandalam]]}}<br />
|appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
|formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1948|09|07}}<br />
|first = {{bulleted list|[[Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji]]<br/>{{small|(as Governor of Madras State)}}|[[Ujjal Singh]]<br/>{{small|(as Governor of Tamil Nadu)}}}}<br />
|website = {{URL|https://tnrajbhavan.gov.in/|tnlokbhavan.gov.in}}<br />
}}<br />
The '''governor of Tamil Nadu''' is the constitutional head and the representative of the [[president of India]]. In the [[States of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], the [[Governor (India)|governor]] holds an important position in ensuring that the administration functions according to the [[constitution of India]]. They are appointed by the president and serve as the nominal executive authority of the state. The governor’s official residences are the [[Lok Bhavan]], located in [[Lok Bhavan, Chennai|Chennai]] and [[Lok Bhavan, Ooty|Udhagamandalam]]. The governor performs various duties, such as giving assent to bills passed by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]], appointing the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|chief minister]], and overseeing the constitutional functioning of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|state government]]. Although the real executive power lies with the [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|council of ministers]] headed by the chief minister, the governor plays a vital role in maintaining the constitutional framework and stability of the state administration.<ref>[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th edition, 2011 reprint. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. p. 237, 241–44. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Tamil Nadu as well.</ref><br />
<br />
The [[List of current Indian governors|current incumbent]] is [[Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]], who has been serving as an additional charge since 12 March 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kerala-governor-rajendra-vishwanath-arlekar-assumes-additional-charge-as-tamil-nadu-governor/article70734203.ece|title=Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar assumes additional charge as Tamil Nadu Governor|date=12 March 2026|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Qualifications==<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]] specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
*must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
*should not be a member of either the [[Parliament of India|houses of the parliament]] or the [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
*should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions|l1=Powers and functions of the Governor}}<br />
The governor has:<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' are to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.<br />
<br />
In his ex-officio capacity, the governor of Tamil Nadu is chancellor of the universities of Tamil Nadu as per the Acts of the Universities.<br />
<br />
==Oath==<br />
“I, _________________ ''(Name of the appointee)'', do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions of the Governor) of Tamil Nadu and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of Tamil Nadu.”<br />
<br />
==List==<br />
;Key<br />
*{{note label|RES|RES|RES}} Resigned<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{legend|wheat|Acting / Additional Charge|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred <br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
|+Governors of Madras Presidency<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Portrait<br />
!rowspan=2|Name <br />
<small>{{nowrap|(Birth–Death)}}</small><br />
!rowspan=2|Home state<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
!rowspan=2|Appointed by<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[File:Lieutenant-general a E Nye, Cb, Mc Art.IWMARTLD3205.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Archibald Nye]]'''<br/><small>(1895–1967)</small><br />
|[[Dublin]]<br />
|15 August 1947<br />
|6 September 1948<br />
|1 year, 22 days<br />
|[[Lord Mountbatten]]<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji]]'''<br/><small>(1912–1965)</small><br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br />
|7 September 1948<br />
|25 January 1950<br />
|1 year, 140 days<br />
|[[C. Rajagopalachari]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Development after independence<br />
'''Madras State''' was a state in the [[Indian Republic]], which was in existence during the mid-20th century as a successor to the [[Madras Presidency|Madras Province]] of [[British India]]. The state came into existence on 26 January 1950 when the [[Constitution of India]] was adopted and included the present-day [[Tamil Nadu]] and parts of neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], and [[Keralam]].<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
|+Governors of Madras State<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Portrait<br />
!rowspan=2|Name <br />
<small>{{nowrap|(Birth–Death)}}</small><br />
!rowspan=2|Home state<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
!rowspan=2|Appointed by<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji]]'''<br/><small>(1912–1965)</small><br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br />
|26 January 1950<br />
|11 March 1952<br />
|2 years, 45 days<br />
|rowspan=5|[[Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[File:Sri Prakasa Portrait.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Sri Prakasa]]'''<br/><small>(1890–1971)</small><br />
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|12 March 1952<br />
|9 December 1956<br />
|4 years, 272 days<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|<br />
|'''[[A. J. John]]'''<br/><small>(1893–1957)</small><br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|10 December 1956<br />
|30 September 1957{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
|294 days<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:P. V. Rajamannar.jpg|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[P. V. Rajamannar]]'''<br/><small>(1901–1979)<br/>(Acting)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|1 October 1957<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|24 January 1958<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|115 days<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|[[File:Bishnuram Medhi.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Bishnu Ram Medhi]]'''<br/><small>(1888–1981)</small><br />
|[[Assam]]<br />
|24 January 1958<br />
|3 May 1964<br />
|6 years, 100 days<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|[[File:Court portrait of Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar of Mysore.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Jaya Chamaraja Wadiyar]]'''<br/><small>(1919–1974)</small><br />
|[[Karnataka]]<br />
|4 May 1964<br />
|23 November 1964<br />
|203 days<br />
|rowspan=7|[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:P. Chandra Reddy.jpg|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[P. Chandra Reddy]]'''<br/><small>(1904–1976)<br/>(Acting)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|24 November 1964<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|7 February 1965<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|75 days<br />
|-<br />
!(5)<br />
|[[File:Court portrait of Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar of Mysore.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Jaya Chamaraja Wadiyar]]'''<br/><small>(1919–1974)</small><br />
|[[Karnataka]]<br />
|8 February 1965{{ref label|§|§|§}}<br />
|14 August 1965<br />
|187 days<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:P. Chandra Reddy.jpg|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[P. Chandra Reddy]]'''<br/><small>(1904–1976)<br/>(Acting)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|13 August 1965{{ref label|§|§|§}}<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|19 September 1965<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|37 days<br />
|-<br />
!(5)<br />
|[[File:Court portrait of Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar of Mysore.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Jaya Chamaraja Wadiyar]]'''<br/><small>(1919–1974)</small><br />
|[[Karnataka]]<br />
|20 September 1965{{ref label|§|§|§}}<br />
|3 January 1966<br />
|105 days<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:P. Chandra Reddy.jpg|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[P. Chandra Reddy]]'''<br/><small>(1904–1976)<br/>(Acting)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|4 January 1966{{ref label|§|§|§}}<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|27 June 1966<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|174 days<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|6<br />
|rowspan=2|[[File:Sardar Ujjal Singh portrait.jpg|100px]]<br />
|rowspan=2|'''[[Ujjal Singh]]'''<br/><small>(1895–1983)</small><br />
|rowspan=2|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|28 June 1966<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|16 June 1967<br />
|rowspan=2|2 years, 199 days<br />
|-<br />
|17 June 1967<br />
|13 January 1969<br />
|[[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Change in nomenclature<br />
On 18 July 1967, the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] unanimously adopted a resolution recommending that the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|state government]] take the necessary steps to secure an amendment to the [[Constitution of India]] aimed at changing the name of Madras State to [[Tamil Nadu]]. Consequently, the Madras State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1968 (Central Act 53 of 1968), was enacted by the [[Parliament of India]] and came into effect on 14 January 1969.<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
|+Governors of Tamil Nadu<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Portrait<br />
!rowspan=2|Name <br />
<small>{{nowrap|(Birth–Death)}}</small><br />
!rowspan=2|Home state<br />
!colspan=3|Term of office<br />
!rowspan=2|Appointed by<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
!Time in office<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[File:Sardar Ujjal Singh portrait.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Ujjal Singh]]'''<br/><small>(1895–1983)</small><br />
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|14 January 1969<br />
|26 May 1971<br />
|2 years, 132 days<br />
|[[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[File:Kodardas Kalidas Shah portrait.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Kodardas Kalidas Shah]]'''<br/><small>(1908–1986)</small><br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br />
|27 May 1971<br />
|15 June 1976<br />
|5 years, 19 days<br />
|[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|[[File:Mohan Lal Sukhadia 1988 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Mohan Lal Sukhadia]]'''<br/><small>(1916–1982)</small><br />
|[[Rajasthan]]<br />
|16 June 1976<br />
|8 April 1977<br />
|296 days<br />
|[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''P. Govindan Nair'''<br/><small>(Unknown)<br/>(Acting)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Keralam]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|9 April 1977<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|26 April 1977<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|17 days<br />
|rowspan=2|[[B. D. Jatti]]<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Prabhudas Patwari|Prabhudas B. Patwari]]'''<br/><small>(1909–1985)</small><br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br />
|27 April 1977<br />
|26 October 1980<br />
|3 years, 182 days<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[M. M. Ismail]]'''<br/><small>(1921–2005)<br/>(Acting)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|26 October 1980<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|3 November 1980<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|8 days<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Sadiq Ali]]'''<br/><small>(1910–2001)</small><br />
|[[Rajasthan]]<br />
|4 November 1980<br />
|2 September 1982<br />
|1 year, 302 days<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|<br />
|'''[[Sundar Lal Khurana|S. L. Khurana]]'''<br/><small>(1918–2007)</small><br />
|[[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]<br />
|3 September 1982<br />
|16 February 1988<br />
|5 years, 166 days<br />
|[[Giani Zail Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
!7<br />
|[[File:P. C. Alexander (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[P. C. Alexander]]'''<br/><small>(1921–2011)</small><br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|17 February 1988<br />
|23 May 1990<br />
|2 years, 95 days<br />
|rowspan=3|[[R. Venkataraman]]<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|[[File:Surjit Singh Barnala, 2008.png|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]'''<br/><small>(1925–2017)</small><br />
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|24 May 1990<br />
|14 February 1991{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}<br />
|266 days<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|[[File:Bhishma Narain Singh (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]'''<br/><small>(1933–2018)</small><br />
|[[Jharkhand]]<br />
|14 February 1991<br />
|30 May 1993{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}<br />
|2 years, 105 days<br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|[[File:DrMChannaReddy (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[M. Chenna Reddy]]'''<br/><small>(1919–1996)</small><br />
|[[Telangana]]<br />
|31 May 1993<br />
|2 December 1996{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
|3 years, 185 days<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:Krishan Kant, 10th Vice President of India.jpg|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[Krishan Kant]]'''<br/><small>(1927–2002)<br/>[[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]<br/>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|2 December 1996<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|25 January 1997<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|54 days<br />
|-<br />
!11<br />
|[[File:Justice Fathima Beevi.JPG|100px]]<br />
|'''[[M. Fathima Beevi]]'''<br/><small>(1927–2023)</small><br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|25 January 1997<br />
|25 February 2001<br />
|4 years, 31 days<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:The Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, Dr. C. Rangarajan addressing a press conference on ‘Economic Review 2012-13’, in New Delhi on April 23, 2013 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[C. Rangarajan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1932)<br/>[[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]<br/>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|26 February 2001<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|15 March 2001<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|17 days<br />
|rowspan=4|[[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
|-<br />
!(11)<br />
|[[File:Justice Fathima Beevi.JPG|100px]]<br />
|'''[[M. Fathima Beevi]]'''<br/><small>(1927–2023)</small><br />
|[[Keralam]]<br />
|16 March 2001<br />
|2 July 2001<br />
|108 days<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:The Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, Dr. C. Rangarajan addressing a press conference on ‘Economic Review 2012-13’, in New Delhi on April 23, 2013 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[C. Rangarajan]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1932)<br/>[[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]<br/>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|3 July 2001<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|17 January 2002<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|198 days<br />
|-<br />
!12<br />
|[[File:P. S. Ramamohan Rao.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[P. S. Ramamohan Rao]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1934)</small><br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|18 January 2002<br />
|2 November 2004<br />
|2 years, 289 days<br />
|-<br />
!(8)<br />
|[[File:Surjit Singh Barnala, 2008.png|100px]]<br />
|'''[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]'''<br/><small>(1925–2017)</small><br />
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|3 November 2004<br />
|30 August 2011<br />
|6 years, 300 days<br />
|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-<br />
!13<br />
|[[File:K Rosaiah.jpg|100px]]<br />
|'''[[K. Rosaiah]]'''<br/><small>(1933–2021)</small><br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|31 August 2011<br />
|2 September 2016<br />
|5 years, 2 days<br />
|[[Pratibha Devisingh Patil]]<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:Vidhyasagar Rao.jpg|159x159px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1941)<br/>[[Governor of Maharashtra]]<br/>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Telangana]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|2 September 2016<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|5 October 2017<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|1 year, 33 days<br />
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
!14<br />
!<br />
|'''[[Banwarilal Purohit]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1940)</small><br />
|[[Rajasthan]]<br />
|6 October 2017<br />
|17 September 2021{{note label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Punjab, India|Governor of Punjab]]}}<br />
|3 years, 346 days<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
!15<br />
|[[File:R.N. Ravi.jpg|137x137px]]<br />
|'''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1952)</small><br />
|[[Bihar]]<br />
|18 September 2021<br />
|11 March 2026{{note label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of West Bengal]]}}<br />
|4 years, 174 days<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:wheat;"|–<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|100px]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|'''[[Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]]'''<br/><small>({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1954)<br/>[[Governor of Kerala]]<br/>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
|style="background:wheat;"|[[Goa]]<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|12 March 2026<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|''Incumbent''<br />
|style="background:wheat;"|{{age in years and days|2026|03|12}}<br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|}<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[History of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
*[[Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
*[[Lok Bhavan, Chennai]]<br />
*[[Elections in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
*[[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
*[[List of current Indian governors]]<br />
*[[Lok Bhavan, Ooty|Lok Bhavan, Udhagamandalam]]<br />
*[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
*[[Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[List of leaders of the house in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://tnrajbhavan.gov.in/ Official website of the Governor of Tamil Nadu]<br />
<br />
{{Governors of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politics-related lists]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Kerala&diff=552692List of governors of Kerala2026-08-05T12:49:54Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|List of Kerala governors}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| image = Rajendra Arlekar.png<br />
| imagesize =180px <br />
| post = Governor of Kerala<br />
| insignia = Government of Kerala Logo.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 120px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Kerala]]<br />
| incumbent = [[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]]<br />
| incumbentsince = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|1|2}}<br />
| style = [[The Honourable]], [[His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Kerala)|Lok Bhavan, Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1956|11|1}}<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.rajbhavan.kerala.gov.in/}}<br />
| body = <br />
}} <br />
The '''governor of Kerala''' is the constitutional head of state of the southern Indian state of [[Kerala]]. The governor is appointed by the [[president of India]], and holds office at the president's pleasure. The governor is ''[[de jure]]'' head of the [[government of Kerala]]; all its executive actions are taken in the governor's name. The elected council of ministers is headed by the [[chief minister of Kerala]], who thus holds ''[[de facto]]'' executive authority in the state. The [[Constitution of India]] also empowers the governor to act upon their own discretion, such as the ability to appoint or dismiss a [[ministry (collective executive)|ministry]], recommend [[President's rule]], or reserve bills for the president's assent.<ref>[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th edition, 2011 reprint. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. p. 237, 241–44. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Kerala as well.</ref><br />
<br />
Since 2 January 2025, [[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]], is the 28th governor of Kerala.<br />
<br />
==List==<br />
<br />
<br />
;Legend<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred<br />
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed<br />
<br />
;Color key<br />
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"<br />
! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|#|Number}}<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small><br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President)<br />
|- <br />
! style="width:7em"| From<br />
! style="width:7em"| To<br />
! style="width:5em"| Time in office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|[[File:P. S. Rao (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|'''P. S. Rao'''<br/>(Acting)<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|{{small|1 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|{{small|21 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|'''{{ayd|1 Nov 1956|21 Nov 1956}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[File:Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, 1952 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]]'''<br/>{{small|(1899{{ndash}}1967)}}<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|22 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| {{small|1 July}}<br/>1960{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|22 Nov 1956|1 Jul 1960}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[File:President V. V. Giri.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[V. V. Giri]]'''<br/>{{small|(1894{{ndash}}1980)}}<br />
| [[Madras Presidency]]<br />
| {{small|1 July}}<br/>1960<br />
| {{small|2 April}}<br/>1965{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Mysore State]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Jul 1960|2 Apr 1965}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[File:Ajit Prasad Jain Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajit Prasad Jain]]'''<br/>{{small|(1902{{ndash}}1977)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|2 April}}<br/>1965<br />
| {{small|6 February}}<br/>1966{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|2 Apr 1965|6 Feb 1966}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[File:Bhagwan Sahay.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Bhagwan Sahay]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1905{{ndash}}1986)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|6 February}}<br/>1966<br />
| {{small|15 May}}<br/>1967{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|6 Feb 1966|15 May 1967}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:V. Viswanathan.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[V. Viswanathan]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1909{{ndash}}1987)}}<br />
| [[Kerala]]<br />
| {{small|15 May}}<br/>1967<br />
| {{small|1 April}}<br/>1973<br />
| '''{{ayd|15 May 1967|1 Apr 1973}}'''<br />
| [[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:N. N. Wanchoo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[N. N. Wanchoo]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1910{{ndash}}1982)}}<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|1 April}}<br/>1973<br />
| {{small|10 October}}<br/>1977{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Apr 1973|10 Oct 1977}}'''<br />
| [[V. V. Giri]]<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| [[File:Jothi Venkatachalam.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jothi Venkatachalam]]'''<br/>{{small|(1917{{ndash}}1992)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|14 October}}<br/>1977<br />
| {{small|27 October}}<br/>1982<br />
| '''{{ayd|14 Oct 1977|27 Oct 1982}}'''<br />
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[File:P. Ramachandran.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[P. Ramachandran]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}2001)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|27 October}}<br/>1982<br />
| {{small|23 February}}<br/>1988<br />
| '''{{ayd|27 Oct 1982|23 Feb 1988}}'''<br />
| [[Zail Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[File:Ram Dulari Sinha official portrait.gif|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ram Dulari Sinha]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}1994)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|23 February}}<br/>1988<br />
| {{small|12 February}}<br/>1990{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|23 Feb 1988|12 Feb 1990}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[File:Sarup Singh Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Sarup Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1917{{ndash}}2003)}}<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br />
| {{small|12 February}}<br/>1990<br />
| {{small|20 December}}<br/>1990{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Gujarat]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Feb 1990|20 Dec 1990}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[File:B. Rachaiah Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[B. Rachaiah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}2000)}}<br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br />
| {{small|20 December}}<br/>1990<br />
| {{small|15 April}}<br/>1995<br />
| '''{{ayd|20 Dec 1990|15 Apr 1995}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Gopala Ramanujam.jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Gopala Ramanujam]]'''<br/>{{small|(1915{{ndash}}2001)<br/>Governor of Orissa}}<br/>(Acting)<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|15 April}}<br/>1995<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|30 April}}<br/>1995<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|15 Apr 1995|30 Apr 1995}}'''<br />
| rowspan="5"| [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
| [[File:B. Rachaiah Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[B. Rachaiah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}2000)}}<br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br />
| {{small|1 May}}<br/>1995<br />
| {{small|11 November}}<br/>1995<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 May 1995|11 Nov 1995}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[File:P. Shiv Shankar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[P. Shiv Shankar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2017)}}<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|12 November}}<br/>1995<br />
| {{small|4 May}}<br/>1996{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Nov 1995|1 May 1996}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 15<br />
| [[File:Khurshed Alam Khan (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Khurshed Alam Khan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1919{{ndash}}2013)<br/>Governor of Karnataka}}<br/>(Additional Charge)<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|5 May}}<br/>1996<br />
| {{small|25 January}}<br/>1997<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 May 1996|25 Jan 1997}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| [[File:Justice Sukhdev Singh Kang.jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|Justice (Retd)}}<br/>'''[[Sukhdev Singh Kang]]'''<br/>{{small|(1931{{ndash}}2012)}}<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| {{small|25 January}}<br/>1997<br />
| {{small|18 April }}<br/>2002<br />
| '''{{ayd|25 Jan 1997|18 April 2002}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[File:Sikander Bakht Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Sikander Bakht]]'''<br />{{small|(1918{{ndash}}2004)}}<br />
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]<br />
| {{small|18 April}}<br />2002<br />
| {{small|23 February}}<br />2004{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|18 Apr 2002|23 Feb 2004}}'''<br />
|[[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[File:T. N. Chaturvedi.jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | '''[[T. N. Chaturvedi]]'''<br />{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(1928{{ndash}}2020)<br/>Governor of Karnataka}}<br />(Additional Charge)<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | {{small|25 February}}<br />2004<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | {{small|23 June}}<br />2004<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | '''{{ayd|25 Feb 2004|23 Jun 2004}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
| [[File:R. L. Bhatia.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. L. Bhatia]]'''<br />{{small|(1920{{ndash}}2021)}}<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| {{small|23 June}}<br />2004<br />
| {{small|10 July}}<br />2008{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=BR|Transferred as the [[Governor of Bihar]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|23 Jun 2004|10 Jul 2008}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 20<br />
| [[File:R. S. Gavai.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. S. Gavai]]'''<br />{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2015)}}<br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|11 July}}<br />2008<br />
| {{small|7 September}}<br />2011<br />
| '''{{ayd|11 Jul 2008|7 Sep 2011}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
| [[File:M. O. H. Farook.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[M. O. H. Farook]]'''<br />{{small|(1937{{ndash}}2012)}}<br />
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
| {{small|8 September}}<br />2011<br />
| {{small|26 January}}<br />2012{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|8 Sep 2011|26 Jan 2012}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 22<br />
| [[File:Hans Raj Bhardwaj.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[H. R. Bhardwaj]]'''<br />{{small|(1939{{ndash}}2020)<br/>Governor of Karnataka}}<br />(Additional Charge)<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| {{small|26 January}}<br />2012<br />
| {{small|22 March}}<br />2013<br />
| '''{{ayd|26 Jan 2012|22 Mar 2013}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
| [[File:Nikhil Kumar Nagaland Governor (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nikhil Kumar (governor)|Nikhil Kumar]]'''<br />{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1941)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|23 March}}<br />2013<br />
| {{small|5 March}}<br />2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to contest in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|23 Mar 2013|5 Mar 2014}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
! 24<br />
| [[File:Sheila Dikshit Ji.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Sheila Dikshit]]'''<br />{{small|(1938{{ndash}}2019)}}<br />
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]<br />
| {{small|5 March}}<br />2014<br />
| {{small|5 September}}<br />2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 Mar 2014|5 Sep 2014}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 25<br />
| [[File:Justice P. Sathasivam.jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|Justice (Retd)}}<br />'''[[P. Sathasivam]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1949)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|5 September}}<br />2014<br />
| {{small|5 September}}<br />2019<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 Sep 2014|5 Sep 2019}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 26<br />
| [[File:Arif Mohammad Khan (cropped).png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Arif Mohammad Khan]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1951)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|6 September}}<br />2019<br />
| {{small|1 January}}<br />2025{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=BR}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|6 Sep 2019|1 Jan 2025}}'''<br />
| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
! 27<br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1954)}}<br />
| [[Goa]]<br />
| {{small|2 January}}<br />2025<br />
| Incumbent<br />
| '''{{ayd|2 Jan 2025}}'''<br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kerala]]<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
* [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_4.htm Governors of Kerala]<br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I, A. B., do swear in the name of God/solemly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
{{Kerala topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of people from Kerala|Governors]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala politics-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552691Governor (India)2026-08-05T12:48:38Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Justice S. Abdul Nazeer.jpg|border|97x97px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|border|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain receiving President Droupadi Murmu (cropped).jpg|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|border|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|border|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma office.jpg|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|border|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|border|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|border|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|border|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.png|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|border|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|border|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._N._Ravi&diff=552690R. N. Ravi2026-08-05T12:40:30Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Governor of West Bengal since 2026}}<br />
{{pp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Indian name|Ravi|Ravindra Narayana}}<br />
{{confuse|R. N. Kao}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = R. N. Ravi<br />
| image = R. N. Ravi.png<br />
| caption = Official portrait, 2026<br />
| office = Governor of West Bengal<br />
| order = 22nd<br />
| term_start = 12 March 2026<br />
| predecessor = [[C. V. Ananda Bose]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| 1blankname = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata = [[Mamata Banerjee]]<br>[[Suvendu Adhikari]]<br />
| office1 = Governor of Tamil Nadu<br />
| order1 = 15th<br />
| term_start1 = 18 September 2021<br />
| term_end1 = 11 March 2026<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Banwarilal Purohit]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Rajendra Arlekar]] {{small|''(additional charge)''}}<br />
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata1 = [[M. K. Stalin]]<br />
| office2 = [[Governor of Nagaland]]<br />
| term_start2 = 1 August 2019<br />
| term_end2 = 17 September 2021<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Padmanabha Acharya]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Jagdish Mukhi]]<br />
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata2 = [[Neiphiu Rio]]<br />
| office3 = [[Governor of Meghalaya]]<br />
| term_start3 = 18 December 2019<br />
| term_end3 = 26 January 2020<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Tathagata Roy]]<br />
| successor3 = Tathagata Roy<br />
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata3 = [[Conrad Sangma]]<br />
| office4 = [[Deputy National Security Advisor of India]]<br />
| term_start4 = 5 October 2018<br />
| term_end4 = 31 July 2019<br />
| 1blankname4 = National Security Advisor<br />
| 1namedata4 = [[Ajit Doval]]<br />
| predecessor4 = [[Arvind Gupta (administrator)|Arvind Gupta]]<br />
| successor4 = [[Dattatray Padsalgikar]]<br />
| office5 = Interlocutor of [[Naga Peace Accord]]<br />
| term_start5 = September 2014<br />
| term_end5 = March 2022<br />
| predecessor5 = ''Office established''<br />
| successor5 = A. K. Mishra <br />
| office6 = Special Director of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]<br />
| term_start6 = 2010<br />
| term_end6 = 2012<br />
| birth_name = Ravindra Narayana Ravi<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|4|3|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India<br />
| spouse = <br />
| party = <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Politician]]|[[bureaucrat]]|[[spymaster]]}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ravindra Narayana Ravi''' (born 3 April 1952) is an Indian politician serving as [[governor of West Bengal]] since 2026. Earlier, he served as the [[Governor of Nagaland]], [[Governor of Meghalaya|Meghalaya]], and [[Governor of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]. He was a former bureaucrat and a [[List of spymasters|spymaster]], who held various positions with the [[Government of India]].<br />
<br />
Born in [[Patna]] in [[Bihar]], Ravi joined the [[Indian Police Service]] in 1976 after a brief stint as a journalist. He served in the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] and [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]]. He was appointed as the chairman of the [[Joint Intelligence Committee (India)|Joint Intelligence Committee]] in 2014. In October 2018, he became the deputy [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]].<br />
<br />
After retiring from his bureaucrat career, Ravi was appointed as the governor of Nagaland in August 2019 and served till September 2021. He also held additional responsibility as the governor of Meghalaya from December 2019 to January 2020 when then governor [[Tathagata Roy]] went on a leave. On 18 September 2021, Ravi took charge as the governor of Tamil Nadu. In March 2026, he was transferred as the governor of West Bengal.<br />
<br />
Ravi's tenure as the governor of Tamil Nadu has seen repeated face-offs with the elected government headed by [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|chief minister]] [[M. K. Stalin]]. He was criticised as being dictatorial by Stalin, due to his reluctance and delay in giving assent to various bills passed by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|state assembly]]. The assembly later passed a resolution urging the [[Government of India|union government]] to set time limits for governors to give assent to bills. In April 2025, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] mandated time limits for governors in a [[Landmark decision|landmark judgement]] in the case brought by the state against the governor. However, in August 2025, a [[constitutional bench]] of the court, in a reply to the questions raised by the [[President of India|president]], affirmed that no time limit is mandated for the president or governor in the [[Constitution of India]].<br />
<br />
==Early life and career==<br />
[[File:RN Ravi.jpg|thumb|Ravi in 2019]]<br />
Ravindra Narayana Ravi was born in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]] on 3 April 1952.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile of Honorable Governor |url=https://www.tn.gov.in/profile_form_governor.php?id=MjY=&back_type=bWVudV9iYWNr |work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]] |access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref> He completed his [[Master of Science|masters degree]] in physics in 1974.<ref name="Assembly">{{cite web |title=Hon'ble Shri. R. N. Ravi Governor of Tamil Nadu |work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]] |url=https://assembly.tn.gov.in/16thassembly/governor.php |access-date=10 January 2023 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110150322/https://assembly.tn.gov.in/16thassembly/governor.php |url-status=live }}</ref> After a brief stint in [[journalism]], he joined the [[Indian Police Service]] in 1976 and was allotted to Kerala cadre, where he served for over a decade.<ref>{{cite web |title=Governor |work=[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] |url=https://assembly.tn.gov.in/16thassembly/governor.php |access-date=1 June 2025 |archive-date=4 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604190848/https://assembly.tn.gov.in/16thassembly/governor.php |url-status=live }}</ref> <br />
<br />
Ravi was later appointed to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], and led anti-corruption cases against organised criminal gangs, including mining mafias. He later served in the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]], where he was involved in theatres of insurgency in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], the [[Northeast India]], and [[red corridor|Naxal-affected regions]].<ref name="Assembly"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Kalita |first=Prabin |title=IB Special Director and spymaster R N Ravi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/meet-your-governor-r-n-ravi-an-officer-and-tough-gentleman/articleshow/86135573.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 September 2021 |access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref> He also served as the special director of the Intelligence Bureau from 2010 to 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile: R. N. Ravi |url=https://policeuniversity.ac.in/univ_uploads/Intro_rn_ravi.pdf |work=Sardar Patel University of Police, Security and Criminal Justice |access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref> After retiring from government service in 2012, he wrote opinion columns in newspapers.<ref name="Assembly"/><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
In 2014, Ravi was appointed as the chairman of the [[Joint Intelligence Committee (India)|Joint Intelligence Committee]]. He was appointed as the deputy [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor of India]] on 5 October 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kalita |first1=Prabin |title=Meet your governor: R N Ravi, an officer, and tough gentleman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/meet-your-governor-r-n-ravi-an-officer-and-tough-gentleman/articleshow/86135573.cms |access-date=13 September 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913040029/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/meet-your-governor-r-n-ravi-an-officer-and-tough-gentleman/articleshow/86135573.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He also served as the interlocutor for the talks between the [[Government of India]] and [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland]] (NSCN) from 2014 to 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=RN Ravi resigns as Modi govt's interlocutor for Naga peace talks |url=https://theprint.in/india/rn-ravi-resigns-as-modi-govts-interlocutor-for-naga-peace-talks/738197/ |access-date=27 March 2022 |work=[[The Print]] |date=22 September 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327012348/https://theprint.in/india/rn-ravi-resigns-as-modi-govts-interlocutor-for-naga-peace-talks/738197/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Parashar |first1=Utpal |title=NSCN-IM wants Nagaland Governor removed as interlocutor for peace talks |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nscn-im-wants-nagaland-governor-removed-as-interlocutor-for-peace-talks/story-DNT3uPGzv5bIEJkAX1a4TO.html |access-date=27 March 2022 |work=[[The Hindustan Times]] |date=11 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327012348/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nscn-im-wants-nagaland-governor-removed-as-interlocutor-for-peace-talks/story-DNT3uPGzv5bIEJkAX1a4TO.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Neeta |title=Finally, Centre's Naga Talks Interlocutor Makes Way For Replacement |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rn-ravi-centres-naga-talks-interlocutor-makes-way-for-replacement-2549911 |access-date=27 March 2022 |work=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327012348/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rn-ravi-centres-naga-talks-interlocutor-makes-way-for-replacement-2549911 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Governor of Nagaland (2019- 2021)===<br />
Ravi was appointed as the [[Governor of Nagaland]] on 20 July 2019 by the [[President of India|president]] [[Ram Nath Kovind]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rn-ravi-sworn-in-as-nagaland-governor-2078810|title=RN Ravi Sworn In As Nagaland Governor|date=1 August 2019|work=[[NDTV]]|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|access-date=16 September 2019|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811225949/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rn-ravi-sworn-in-as-nagaland-governor-2078810|url-status=live}}</ref> During his tenure, the [[Nagaland Peace Accord]] was signed between the Indian government and NSCN in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Vijaita|date=15 July 2017|title=Meet R.N. Ravi, who is mediating peace with the Nagas|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/meet-rn-ravi-who-is-mediating-peace-with/article19285361.ece|access-date=17 October 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017142227/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/meet-rn-ravi-who-is-mediating-peace-with/article19285361.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nagas will never join Indian Union nor accept India s constitution : NSCN (I-M) Chief|url=https://thewire.in/politics/exclusive-nagas-indian-constitution-thuingaleng-muivah-nscn-im|access-date=17 October 2020|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020185733/https://thewire.in/politics/exclusive-nagas-indian-constitution-thuingaleng-muivah-nscn-im|url-status=live}}</ref> He had a fallout with NSCN in 2020 after an alleged misunderstanding and subsequent manipulation of the agreement by him. Later, the NSCN asked for his removal as an interlocutor.<ref>{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=Uncertainty regarding Naga peace process prevails as guv RN Ravi shifts to TN|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/uncertainty-regarding-naga-peace-process-prevails-as-guv-rn-ravi-shifts-to-tn-101631279220828.html|access-date=15 September 2021|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915130535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/uncertainty-regarding-naga-peace-process-prevails-as-guv-rn-ravi-shifts-to-tn-101631279220828.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to media reports, Ravi was perceived to be targeting the NSCN while being soft on its rival [[Naga people|Naga]] political outfit, consisting of seven [[extremism|extremist]] groups.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=Relief in Nagaland after R.N. Ravi's transfer|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/relief-in-nagaland-after-rn-ravis-transfer/article36396565.ece|access-date=15 September 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913040029/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/relief-in-nagaland-after-rn-ravis-transfer/article36396565.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
After his proposed appointment as the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]] in 2021, the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]] president [[Chingwang Konyak]] said the Nagaland government was not happy with the way Ravi functioned and said he interfered in the affairs of a popular government.<ref name="Hindu"/> The Kohima Press Club boycotted the state farewell organised for Ravi to show resentment since Ravi had refused to interact with the media several times.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ambrocia|first=Medolenuo|date=14 September 2021|title=Nagaland journalists boycott Guv RN Ravi's state farewell ceremony|url=http://www.eastmojo.com/top-news/2021/09/14/nagaland-journalists-boycott-guv-rn-ravis-state-farewell-ceremony/|access-date=15 September 2021|work=East Mojo|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915043618/https://www.eastmojo.com/top-news/2021/09/14/nagaland-journalists-boycott-guv-rn-ravis-state-farewell-ceremony/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Governor of Meghalaya (2019- 2020)===<br />
Ravi was given additional charge as the [[Governor of Meghalaya]], after the incumbent governor [[Tathagata Roy]] went on a temporary leave.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nagaland-governor-rn-ravi-to-hold-additional-charge-of-meghalaya/article30319105.ece|title=Nagaland Governor R.N. Ravi to hold additional charge of Meghalaya|date=16 December 2019|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> He was in charge for 39 days from 18 December 2019 to 26 January 2020, and handed the reigns back to Roy, who came back and took charge on 27 January 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/meghalaya/tathagata-roy-resumes-charge-as-meghalaya-governor-after-long-leave.html|title=Tathagata Roy resumes charge as Meghalaya governor after long leave|date=27 January 2020|access-date=1 March 2026|work=Northeast Now}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Governor of Tamil Nadu (2021- 2026)===<br />
On 9 September 2021, Ravi was appointed as the governor of Tamil Nadu,<ref>{{cite news |title=Nagaland Governor R.N. Ravi shifted to Tamil Nadu; Banwarilal Purohit moved to Punjab |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nagaland-governor-rn-ravi-shifted-to-tamil-nadu-banwarilal-purohit-moved-to-punjab/article36391293.ece |access-date=13 September 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913040742/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nagaland-governor-rn-ravi-shifted-to-tamil-nadu-banwarilal-purohit-moved-to-punjab/article36391293.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=|title=Nagaland Governor RN Ravi transferred to Tamil Nadu|url=https://scroll.in/latest/1005054/nagaland-governor-rn-ravi-transferred-to-tamil-nadu|access-date=15 September 2021|work=[[Scroll.in]]|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915070954/https://scroll.in/latest/1005054/nagaland-governor-rn-ravi-transferred-to-tamil-nadu|url-status=live}}</ref> and he took charge on 18 September 2021.<ref name="Stalin">{{cite news|title=Stalin greets RN Ravi, says TN welcomes him|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/stalin-greets-rn-ravi-says-tn-welcomes-him/2157243|access-date=15 September 2021|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915065104/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/stalin-greets-rn-ravi-says-tn-welcomes-him/2157243|url-status=live}}</ref> While he was welcomed by [[Chief minister of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu chief minister]] and [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) chief [[M. K. Stalin]],<ref name="Stalin" /> his appointment was questioned by allies of the DMK such as the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]], who claimed an ulterior motive in his appointment.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 September 2021|title=TN political leaders question former IB officer RN Ravi's appointment as Governor|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-political-leaders-question-former-ib-officer-rn-ravis-appointment-governor-155169|access-date=15 September 2021|work=News Minute|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915064634/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-political-leaders-question-former-ib-officer-rn-ravis-appointment-governor-155169|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DMK allies oppose R N Ravi's appointment as Tamil Nadu Governor |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/dmk-allies-oppose-r-n-ravi-s-appointment-as-tamil-nadu-governor-1029648.html |access-date=13 September 2021 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=12 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912155727/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/dmk-allies-oppose-r-n-ravi-s-appointment-as-tamil-nadu-governor-1029648.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
During his tenure, Ravi had multiple face-offs with the Tamil Nadu government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=D. Suresh |date=8 April 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/five-big-controversial-actions-of-tamil-nadu-governor-rn-ravi/article69426378.ece |title=Five big controversial actions of Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=9 April 2025 |archive-date=8 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408110447/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/five-big-controversial-actions-of-tamil-nadu-governor-rn-ravi/article69426378.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2022, he had kept 21 bills passed in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu assembly]] on hold.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/tamil-nadu-assembly-passes-two-bills-to-take-away-governors-powers-to-pick-vcs/cid/1862428| title=Tamil Nadu government seeks right to pick vice-chancellors| access-date=8 September 2022| work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908172653/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/tamil-nadu-assembly-passes-two-bills-to-take-away-governors-powers-to-pick-vcs/cid/1862428 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/there-are-21-bills-pending-tn-governor-what-experts-think-164645 |title=There are 21 Bills pending before the TN Governor: What experts think |date=3 June 2022 |work=News Minute |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> He was criticised by politicians in Tamil Nadu for his delay in approving the bills and interference in the functioning of the government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/04/27/why-scs-observation-on-governors-role-is-significant-in-tamil-nadu.html |title=Why SC's observation on governor's role is significant in Tamil Nadu |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |access-date=8 September 2022 |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908172654/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/04/27/why-scs-observation-on-governors-role-is-significant-in-tamil-nadu.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 February 2022, he returned the bill seeking exemption from [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] to the speaker of the Tamil Nadu assembly, 142 days after it was passed in the assembly.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 February 2022 |title=Tamil Nadu Governor returns Bill against NEET |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-governor-returns-bill-against-neet/article38370726.ece |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The assembly subsequently re-adopted the bill, and forwarded it to the governor, who then reserved it for the consideration of the president.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 March 2022 |title=Tamil Nadu's anti-NEET Bill to be sent to President: Governor RN Ravi tells CM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadus-anti-neet-bill-be-sent-president-governor-rn-ravi-tells-cm-161949 |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=The News Minute }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jesudasan |first=Dennis S. |date=8 February 2022 |title=Tamil Nadu Assembly re-adopts Bill against NEET |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-assembly-re-adopts-bill-against-neet/article38395952.ece |access-date=21 May 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1= Sreedevi Jayarajan |author2=Azeefa Fathima |date=8 February 2022 |title=TN Assembly re-adopts NEET Bill returned by Guv, all eyes now on President |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tn-assembly-re-adopts-neet-bill-returned-guv-all-eyes-now-president-160737 |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 February 2022 |title=NEET row: Tamil Nadu assembly re-adopts bill returned by Governor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-assembly-neet-bill-governor-7762544/ |access-date=1 May 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The president later declined assent to the bill.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 November 2025 |title=Tamil Nadu knocks SC door against President's refusal to approve NEET exemption bill |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/tamilnadu/tamil-nadu-knocks-sc-door-against-presidents-refusal-to-approve-neet-exemption-bill/ |access-date=1 May 2025 |work=The South First}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 April 2025 |title=Anti-NEET bill: President withholds assent; T.N. CM Stalin to hold all-party meeting on April 9 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/president-withholds-assent-for-tn-neet-exemption-bill-cm-stalin-to-hold-all-party-meeting-on-april-9/article69411915.ece |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In April 2022, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] questioned Ravi's action to refer the [[Rajiv Gandhi]] [[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi|assassination]] convict [[A. G. Perarivalan]]'s remission plea to the president as threatening the federal structure of government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/law/dangerous-precedent-for-federalism-sc-on-tn-governor-referring-perarivalan-plea-to-president |title='Dangerous Precedent for Federalism': SC on TN Governor Referring Perarivalan Plea to President |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |access-date=8 September 2022 |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908174605/https://thewire.in/law/dangerous-precedent-for-federalism-sc-on-tn-governor-referring-perarivalan-plea-to-president |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/supreme-court-glare-on-tn-governor-move-to-bypass-govt-740224 |title=Supreme Court glare on TN Governor move to bypass govt |date=29 April 2022 |access-date=8 September 2022 |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908174553/https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/supreme-court-glare-on-tn-governor-move-to-bypass-govt-740224 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2023, Ravi suggested that [[Tamilakam]] would be a more suitable name for the state of Tamil Nadu and criticised that the ruling political parties in the state have been regressive in the past fifty years.<ref>{{cite news|author=Varsha Sriram|title=Tamil Nadu vs 'Tamizhagam': Why Governor RN Ravi's latest remarks have sparked a row with DMK|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/tamil-nadu-vs-tamilagam-governor-rn-ravi-row-dmk-8368892/|access-date=10 January 2023|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=9 January 2023|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109163203/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/tamil-nadu-vs-tamilagam-governor-rn-ravi-row-dmk-8368892/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="Thamizhagam More Appropriate Than Tamil Nadu": Row Over Governor RN Ravi's Remark|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/thamizhagam-more-appropriate-than-tamil-nadu-row-over-governor-rn-ravis-remark-3667864|access-date=10 January 2023|work=[[NDTV]]|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109190911/https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/thamizhagam-more-appropriate-than-tamil-nadu-row-over-governor-rn-ravis-remark-3667864|url-status=live}}</ref> His remarks were condemned by leaders of various political parties including the ruling DMK, the opposition [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], and other regional parties,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/tamil-nadu-tamizhagam-governor-dmk-tussle-8369036/ |title=Tamizhagam or Tamil Nadu? Lost in translation in Governor-DMK tussle |date=8 January 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111080854/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/tamil-nadu-tamizhagam-governor-dmk-tussle-8369036/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/political-leaders-disapprove-of-governors-tamizhagam-remark/article66346735.ece |title=Political leaders disapprove of Governor's 'Tamizhagam' remark |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111080847/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/political-leaders-disapprove-of-governors-tamizhagam-remark/article66346735.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> while being welcomed by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/politics/tamil-nadu-vs-tamizhagam-governor-ravi-stirs-up-political-storm-in-dmk-ruled-state/1306151/ |title=Tamil Nadu vs Tamizhagam — Governor Ravi stirs up political storm in DMK-ruled state |work=[[The Print]] |date=9 January 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111080846/https://theprint.in/politics/tamil-nadu-vs-tamizhagam-governor-ravi-stirs-up-political-storm-in-dmk-ruled-state/1306151/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Protests were organised by some college students against his remarks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.malaimurasu.com/posts/tamilnadu/College-students-protested-against-the-governor |title=ஆளுநருக்கு எதிராக போராட்டத்தில் குதித்த கல்லூரி மாணவர்கள்...பதாகைகளில் குறிப்பிட்டிருந்த வார்த்தைகள் என்னென்ன? |trans-title=College student protest against the governor |work=[[Malai Murasu]] |lang=ta |date=10 January 2023 |access-date=19 January 2023 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119074350/https://www.malaimurasu.com/posts/tamilnadu/College-students-protested-against-the-governor |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
After the governor's speech in the assembly on 9 January 2023, the state government claimed that Ravi omitted select words such as [[women empowerment]], [[secularism]], [[self-respect]], and portions on [[B. R. Ambedkar]] and Dravidian leaders from the speech submitted by the state government to the governor's office.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Divya|title=உரையில் தவிர்த்த வார்த்தைகள், கொதித்த திமுகவினர், வெளியேறிய ஆளுநர்|trans-title=Governor avoided words during his speech, DMK members object|url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/tamilnadu/the-governor-who-left-the-assembly-in-half-131673246449356.html|access-date=10 January 2023|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|language=ta|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109110722/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/tamilnadu/the-governor-who-left-the-assembly-in-half-131673246449356.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fathima |first1=Azeefa |last2=Ahmed |first2=Shabbir |date=9 January 2023 |title=TN Governor skips portions on Dravidian leaders and Ambedkar in speech, CM objects |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-governor-skips-portions-dravidian-leaders-and-ambedkar-speech-cm-objects-171717 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=News Minute |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109110719/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-governor-skips-portions-dravidian-leaders-and-ambedkar-speech-cm-objects-171717 |url-status=live }}</ref> As per convention, the governor was to read the speech prepared by the state government. Chief minister Stalin moved a resolution requesting that the [[Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|speaker]] to relax the state assembly rules to record only the speech prepared by the state administration and strike out any passages that the governor inserted or omitted. The motion was passed by the assembly, and the original speech prepared by the state government was documented.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 January 2023 |title=TamilNadu: What does rule 17 of the TNLA say? |url=https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2023/01/09/what-does-rule-17-of-the-tnla-say |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=[[DT Next]] |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126163155/https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2023/01/09/what-does-rule-17-of-the-tnla-say |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=வாசிக்கப்படாத 'வார்த்தைகள்' முதல் ஆர்.என்.ரவி வெளிநடப்பு வரை - ஆளுநர் உரை நிகழ்வின் 'சம்பவங்கள்'|trans-title=Unstated words to Ravi's exit|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/926871-top-20-events-of-tamil-nadu-legislative-assembly-session.html|access-date=10 January 2023|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 January 2023|lang=ta|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109145120/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/926871-top-20-events-of-tamil-nadu-legislative-assembly-session.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Ravi walked off from the assembly in the middle of the chief minister's speech on the resolution, before the assembly proceedings were closed.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 January 2023|title=முதல்வர் பேசிக்கொண்டிருக்கும்போதே விறுவிறுவென வெளியேறிய ஆளுநர் ஆர்.என். ரவி|trans-title=Governor Ravi exits when chief minister was speaking|url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/24-by-7-news/politics/tamil-nadu-chief-ministers-speech-governor-r-n-ravi-left-hurry|access-date=10 January 2023|work=Nakkheeran|lang=ta|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109110759/https://www.nakkheeran.in/24-by-7-news/politics/tamil-nadu-chief-ministers-speech-governor-r-n-ravi-left-hurry/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stalin |first1=J Sam Daniel |last2=Kumar |first2=Akhil |title=Tamil Nadu Governor Walks Out Amid Row With MK Stalin Over His Speech |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-governor-rn-ravi-walks-out-of-assembly-in-row-with-chief-minister-mk-stalin-over-his-speech-3675640 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109214859/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-governor-rn-ravi-walks-out-of-assembly-in-row-with-chief-minister-mk-stalin-over-his-speech-3675640 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 February 2024, Ravi again declined to read the entire customary address provided by the state government, except for the introductory parts, and walked off from the assembly as the speaker recited the Tamil rendition of the prepared address.<ref>{{cite news |last=Muruganandham |first=T. |date=12 February 2024 |title=TN Governor Ravi refuses to read customary address in assembly, walks out before session ends |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Feb/12/tn-governor-ravi-refuses-to-read-customary-address-in-assembly-walks-out-before-session-ends |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506152803/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Feb/12/tn-governor-ravi-refuses-to-read-customary-address-in-assembly-walks-out-before-session-ends |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in the day, a press release from the governor state that he cannot abide by the speech provided by the state government since he did not agree with many of its excerpts on "moral and factual reasons", and stated it would be "constitutional travesty" if he accepted and orated the speech.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi refuses to read Governor's address at T.N. Assembly |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/r-n-ravi-refuses-to-read-governors-address-at-tn-legislative-assembly-says-it-would-be-constitutional-travesty/article67837317.ece |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212055303/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/r-n-ravi-refuses-to-read-governors-address-at-tn-legislative-assembly-says-it-would-be-constitutional-travesty/article67837317.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=TN Guv RN Ravi refuses to read customary speech in Assembly on 'moral grounds' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tn-guv-rn-ravi-refuses-to-read-customary-speech-in-assembly-on-moral-grounds |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=The News Minute |date=12 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506152803/https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/tn-guv-rn-ravi-refuses-to-read-customary-speech-in-assembly-on-moral-grounds |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2023, Ravi issued a communique that dismissed [[V. Senthil Balaji]] from the state's [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|council of ministers]], after Balaji's arrest by the [[Enforcement Directorate]] in a [[money laundering]] case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu Governor Ravi dismisses Senthilbalaji from Council of Ministers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-governor-backtracks-on-dismissal-of-senthilbalaji-from-cabinet/article67023986.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630040833/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-governor-backtracks-on-dismissal-of-senthilbalaji-from-cabinet/article67023986.ece |archive-date=30 June 2023 |access-date=18 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> His announcement was criticised by several political parties, and chief minister Stalin responded that the governor does not have the authority to dismiss a minister without the recommendation of the elected government and indicated that the decision would be challenged legally.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 June 2023 |title=After dismissing minister Senthil Balaji, Tamil Nadu governor R N Ravi hits pause following outrage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/after-dismissing-minister-tamil-nadu-governor-hits-pause-following-outrage/articleshow/101376841.cms |access-date=18 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> However, the governor withdrew the order on the same day, and stated that he was advised by the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|union home ministry]] to seek the opinion of the [[Attorney General of India|attorney general]] and acted accordingly.<ref>{{cite news |title=TN Governor R N Ravi 'dismisses' jailed minister Senthil Balaji; puts decision on hold within hours |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tn-governor-r-n-ravi-dismisses-jailed-minister-senthil-balaji-puts-decision-on-hold-within-hours-1232431.html |access-date=18 January 2026 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=30 June 2023}}</ref> In April 2025, Balaji resigned from the cabinet after an ultimatum by the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/senthilbalaji-ponmudy-resign-as-tamil-nadu-ministers-after-strong-remarks-from-courts/article69498381.ece|title=Tamil Nadu Ministers Senthilbalaji, Ponmudy quit after strong court remarks|date=28 April 2025|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravi has been criticised as being dictatorial by Stalin.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/governor-should-not-think-he-is-a-great-dictator-says-chief-minister-stalin/article66707666.ece |title=The Governor should not think he is a great dictator, says Chief Minister |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 April 2023 |access-date=24 November 2024 |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522181850/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/governor-should-not-think-he-is-a-great-dictator-says-chief-minister-stalin/article66707666.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to his reluctance and delay in giving assent to various bills passed by the state assembly, the assembly passed a resolution urging the union government to set time limits for governors to give assent to bills.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thewire.in/politics/hours-after-tn-assembly-resolution-criticising-governor-r-n-ravi-passes-long-pending-bill |title=Hours After TN Assembly Resolution Criticising Governor, R.N.Ravi Passes Long-Pending Bill |work=The Wire |date=11 April 2023 |access-date=9 April 2025 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629063336/https://thewire.in/politics/hours-after-tn-assembly-resolution-criticising-governor-r-n-ravi-passes-long-pending-bill |url-status=live }}</ref> On 7 April 2025, Ravi stated that if the governor does not approve a bill, it indicates that the "bill is dead".<ref>{{cite news |title=If Governor withholds nod, it means Bill is dead: Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/when-governor-withholds-assent-to-bill-it-is-dead-says-rn-ravi/article66708016.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413225020/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/when-governor-withholds-assent-to-bill-it-is-dead-says-rn-ravi/article66708016.ece |archive-date=13 April 2025 |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=6 April 2023 |title='When you say withhold, it means the Bill is dead,' says Tamil Nadu governor RN Ravi |url=https://theprint.in/politics/withholding-means-bill-is-dead-a-decent-language-for-rejected-says-tamil-nadu-guv-cm-stalin-slams-remark/1503362/ |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=The Print}}</ref> The statement drew criticism from Stalin and [[P. Chidambaram]].<ref>{{cite news |title="Parliamentary Democracy Is Dead": P Chidambaram Slams Governor's Remark |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/parliamentary-democracy-is-dead-p-chidambaram-slams-governors-remark-3928655 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241009101754/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/parliamentary-democracy-is-dead-p-chidambaram-slams-governors-remark-3928655 |archive-date=9 October 2024 |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Muruganandham |first=T. |date=8 April 2023 |title=TN CM Stalin calls governor Ravi 'dictator' for 'kill bill' comment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Apr/07/tn-cm-stalin-calls-governor-ravidictatorfor-kill-billcomment-2563458.html |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2025, in the case of ''The State of Tamil Nadu v. The Governor of Tamil Nadu,'' the Supreme Court delivered a [[Lists of landmark court decisions|landmark judgement]] mandating time limits for governors to act on bills passed by state legislatures. The court ruled that the prolonged inaction on the ten bills by governor Ravi before referring them to the president, after their re-passage by the legislature, was unconstitutional.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=8 April 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-finds-tamil-nadu-governors-conduct-arbitrary-puts-governors-on-the-clock/article69426799.ece |title=Supreme Court finds Tamil Nadu Governor's conduct on 10 re-passed Bills was 'unconstitutional', puts Governors on the clock |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=9 April 2025 |archive-date=8 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408213144/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-finds-tamil-nadu-governors-conduct-arbitrary-puts-governors-on-the-clock/article69426799.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/article-200-governor-cant-reserve-bill-for-presidents-assent-after-it-was-re-enacted-by-assembly-supreme-court-288851 |title=Governor Can't Reserve Bill For President's Assent After It Was Re-Enacted By Assembly : Supreme Court |work=Live Law |author=Gursimran Kaur Bakshi |archive-date=9 April 2025 |access-date=9 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409141218/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/article-200-governor-cant-reserve-bill-for-presidents-assent-after-it-was-re-enacted-by-assembly-supreme-court-288851 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=G |first=Ananthakrishnan |date=8 April 2025 |title='Must act with due deference to conventions of parliamentary democracy': Supreme Court sets aside TN Governor's reservation of 10 Bills |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-tamil-nadu-governor-bills-assent-president-reservation-9931457/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409175153/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sc-tamil-nadu-governor-bills-assent-president-reservation-9931457/ |archive-date=9 April 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref> The court also cleared the pending bills under the provisions of Article 142.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Vats |first=Aparna |date=8 April 2025 |title=How Supreme Court cleared 10 Bills using extraordinary powers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/supreme-court-cleared-bills-using-extraordinary-powers-article-142-tamil-nadu-rn-ravi-governors-judicial-overreach-2706035-2025-04-08 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref> However, on 20 November 2025, a five-judge [[constitutional bench]] of the Supreme Court issued an advisory on the April 2025 case. The advisory was based on the 14 constitutional questions raised by the president to the court.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=20 November 2025 |title=Presidential Reference hearings saw SC repeat it is not expected to 'overrule' T.N. Governor case verdict |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/presidential-reference-hearings-saw-sc-repeat-it-is-not-expected-to-overrule-tn-governor-case-verdict/article70301754.ece |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The bench confirmed that no timeline is stipulated in the [[Constitution of India]] for the president or governors to take action on the bills. It further opined that the governors cannot sit on the bills indefinitely, and the governor has three options: to grant assent, to reserve it for the consideration of the president, or to withhold assent and return the bill to the assembly for reconsideration.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 November 2025 |title=No timeline, but Governors can't sit on Bills indefinitely, says Supreme Court |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/no-timeline-but-governors-cant-sit-on-bills-indefinitely-says-supreme-court |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The News Minute }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 12 April 2025, Ravi reportedly asked students to chant ''Jai Shri Ram'' during an event held at [[Thiagarajar College of Engineering]] in [[Madurai]].<ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 2025|title='Say Jai Shri Ram': Tamil Nadu governor Ravi sparks row; Congress terms his 'BJP, RSS's propaganda master' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/say-jai-shri-ram-tamil-nadu-governor-ravi-sparks-row-congress-terms-his-bjp-rsss-propaganda-master/articleshow/120254629.cms |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 2025 |title=TN Governor RN Ravi triggers controversy by urging students to chant 'Jai Shri Ram' |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-governor-r-n-ravi-controversy-students-chant-e937fc3e |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref> The State Platform for Common School System, an association of educationists and activists,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/spcss-tn-launches-website-outlining-reasons-for-rejecting-nep-2020/article69313699.ece |title=SPCSS-TN launches website outlining reasons for rejecting NEP 2020 |date=11 March 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025| work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> wrote to the president [[Droupadi Murmu]] demanding Ravi's removal from office based on the allegation that his actions violated Article 159 of the Indian Constitution, which pertains to the oath of office taken by governors.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 2025 |title=TN Governor asks college students to chant 'Jai Shri Ram' during event, educationists demand his removal from office |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Apr/13/tn-governor-asks-college-students-to-chant-jai-shri-ram-during-event-educationists-demand-his-removal-from-office |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Madhav |first=Pramod |date=14 April 2025 |title=Tamil Nadu educationists demand Governor RN Ravi's removal over 'Jai Shri Ram' row |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/tamil-nadu/story/tamil-nadu-educationists-body-demand-governor-rn-ravi-sack-president-murmu-jai-shri-ram-chant-students-2708600-2025-04-14 |access-date=5 January 2026 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Leaders from the ruling DMK and its allies also condemned the incident, stating that it was inappropriate for a constitutional authority to make religious exhortations at an educational institution.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2025 |title='Jai Shri Ram' slogan row: 'Governor RN Ravi flexing majoritarian muscle, not acceptable in Tamil Nadu, says DMK |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/this-is-flexing-majoritarian-muscle-not-acceptable-in-tamil-nadu-dmk-hits-back-at-governor-rn-ravi/articleshow/120271477.cms#:~:text=This%20story%20is%20from%20April,Silver%20Rates%20Today%20in%20Chennai |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=T.N. Governor Ravi's Jai Sri Ram chant: Educational forums condemn, seek his removal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-governor-ravi-jai-sri-ram-chant-educational-forums-condemn-seek-his-removal/article69446661.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720095946/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-governor-ravi-jai-sri-ram-chant-educational-forums-condemn-seek-his-removal/article69446661.ece |archive-date=20 July 2025 |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu Governor R N Ravi Under Fire For Urging Students To Chant 'Jai Shri Ram' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/tamil-nadu-governor-r-n-ravi-under-fire-for-urging-students-to-chant-jai-shri-ram-2885812.html |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[Zee News]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 January 2026, Ravi declined to deliver the customary address provided by the state government and walked out of the assembly. The governor's office later released a statement citing that not being allowed to speak, not playing the National Anthem at the beginning of the session, and falsified claims in the address prepared by the state government as the reasons for the governor's walkout. Chief minister Stalin condemned the governor's move and said that it violates the house protocol and is a disrespect to the assembly.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/drama-in-tn-assembly-guv-ravi-walks-out-over-insult-to-national-anthem-lok-bhavan-says-mic-was-switched-off-11768886216111.html|title=Drama in TN Assembly: Guv Ravi walks out over 'insult' to national anthem; Lok Bhavan says 'mic was switched off'|work=[[Live Mint]]|date=20 January 2026|access-date=23 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-governor-rn-ravi-walks-out-of-assembly-without-reading-customary-address/article70528041.ece|title=Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi again declines to read out customary address to Assembly, walks out|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 January 2026|access-date=23 January 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Governor of West Bengal (2026– present) ===<br />
On 6 March 2026, Ravi was appointed as the [[Governor of West Bengal]] succeeding [[C. V. Ananda Bose]], while [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[Governor of Kerala]], was given additional charge of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/new-governors-in-states-ut-tns-ravi-replaces-bose-in-bengal-ahead-of-polls-hasnain-for-bihar-sandhu-gets-delhi-10566960/|title=New Governors in states, UT: TN's Ravi replaces Bose in Bengal ahead of polls, Hasnain for Bihar, Sandhu gets Delhi|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 March 2026|access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-off}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Padmanabha Acharya]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Nagaland|Governor of Nagaland]]|years= 1 August 2019 - 17 September 2021}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Jagdish Mukhi]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Tathagata Roy]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Meghalaya|Governor of Meghalaya]]|years= 18 December 2019 - 26 January 2020}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Tathagata Roy]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Banwarilal Purohit]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]]|years= 18 September 2021 - 11 March 2026}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Rajendra Arlekar]]}}<br />
|-<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[C. V. Ananda Bose]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Governors of West Bengal|Governor of West Bengal]]|years= 12 March 2026}}<br />
<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi, R. N.}}<br />
[[Category:1952 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Nagaland]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Patna]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Governors of West Bengal]]<br />
{{Current Indian governors}}<br />
{{Governors of Meghalaya}}<br />
{{Authority control}}</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_West_Bengal&diff=552689List of governors of West Bengal2026-08-05T12:39:45Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}} <br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| native_name = <br />
| insignia = <br />
| insigniasize = <br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of West Bengal]]<br />
| image = R. N. Ravi.png<br />
| incumbent = [[R. N. Ravi]] <br />
| incumbentsince = {{Start date|df=yes|2026|3|12}}<br />
| abbreviation = GoWB<br />
| style = [[The Honourable]] {{small|(formal)}}<br />[[Mister|Mr. Governor]] {{small|(informal)}}<br/>[[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />
| residence = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Lok Bhavan, Kolkata]] {{small|(primary)}} <br />
*[[Lok Bhavan, Darjeeling]] {{small|(summer)}}}}<br />
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| precursor = [[Governor-General of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1947|08|15}}<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|350000}} (per month)<br />
| inaugural = [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]<br />
| website = {{url|http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in}}<br />
| body = West Bengal<br />
| status = [[Head of state]]<br />
}}<br />
The '''governor of West Bengal''' is the nominal head of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The governor is appointed by the [[President of India]]. [[R. N. Ravi]] is the incumbent governor since 12 March 2026.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 March 2026 |title=New Governors in states, UT: TN’s Ravi replaces Bose in Bengal ahead of polls, Hasnain for Bihar, Sandhu gets Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/new-governors-in-states-ut-tns-ravi-replaces-bose-in-bengal-ahead-of-polls-hasnain-for-bihar-sandhu-gets-delhi-10566960/ |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Powers and functions==<br />
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions}}<br />
The governor enjoys many different types of powers:<br />
<br />
*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and<br />
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor.<br />
<br />
===''Ex officio'' role of governor===<br />
In his ''ex officio'' capacity, the governor of West Bengal is Chancellor of the universities of West Bengal (at present{{clarify timeframe|date=November 2019}} 16) as per the Acts of the Universities. The Universities are: <br />
<br />
* [[University of Calcutta]]<br />
* [[Jadavpur University]]<br />
* [[University of Burdwan]]<br />
* [[Presidency University, Kolkata]]<br />
* [[North Bengal University]]<br />
* [[University of Kalyani]]<br />
* [[Rabindra Bharati University]]<br />
* [[Vidyasagar University]]<br />
* [[Netaji Subhas Open University]]<br />
* [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]]<br />
* [[Aliah University]]<br />
* [[Bankura University]]<br />
* [[Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University]]<br />
* [[Diamond Harbour Women's University]]<br />
* [[University of Gour Banga]]<br />
* [[Kazi Nazrul University]]<br />
* [[Raiganj University]]<br />
* [[Sidho Kanho Birsha University]]<br />
* [[The Sanskrit College and University]]<br />
* [[Baba Saheb Ambedkar Education University]]<br />
* [[Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya]]<br />
* [[Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya]]<br />
* [[West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences]]<br />
* [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]<br />
* [[West Bengal State University]]<br />
<br />
* For [[Visva Bharati]], the governor is the [[Rector (academia)|Pradhana (Rector)]].<br />
<br />
The governor is also the chairman or president of some organisations, such as [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata|Victoria Memorial Hall]], [[Indian Museum]], [[Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture]], Eastern Zonal Cultural Centre, [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies]] (MAKAIAS), Calcutta Cultural Centre (Kolkata Kala Kendra), Special Fund for R&R of Ex-servicemen, West Bengal Rajya Sainik Board, Sri Aurobindo Samiti, [[Indian Red Cross]] Society - West Bengal State Branch, [[St. John Ambulance Brigade]] No. II (West Bengal) District, [[Bharat Scouts and Guides]], and the Bengal Tuberculosis Association.<br />
<br />
The governor of West Bengal’s Welfare Fund has the governor as its chairman. Contributions from this fund are given to the needy people for meeting, to some extent, the cost of their treatment. Besides the above, at his discretion, the governor accepts the position of Chief [[Patron]]/Patron or other posts in the honorary capacity, in various organisations that are rendering [[yeoman]] service to society in different fields.<br />
<br />
==List==<br />
<br />
;Legend<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred<br />
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed<br />
<br />
;Color key<br />
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"<br />
! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|#|Number}}<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small><br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President)<br />
|- <br />
! style="width:7em"| From<br />
! style="width:7em"| To<br />
! style="width:5em"| Time in office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]'''<br/>{{small|(1878{{ndash}}1972)}}<br />
| [[Madras Presidency]]<br />
| {{small|15 August}}<br/>1947<br />
| {{small|21 June}}<br/>1948{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to become the [[Governor-General of India]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|15 Aug 1947|21 Jun 1948}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Lord Mountbatten]]<br/>{{small|(Governor-General)}}<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[File:Kailash Nath Katju.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Kailash Nath Katju]]'''<br/>{{small|(1887{{ndash}}1968)}}<br />
| [[Central Provinces and Berar]]<br />
| {{small|21 June}}<br/>1948<br />
| {{small|1 November}}<br/>1951<br />
| '''{{ayd|21 Jun 1948|1 Nov 1951}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[File:Harendra Coomar Mookerjee.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]'''<br/>{{small|(1887{{ndash}}1956)}}<br />
| [[West Bengal]]<br />
| {{small|1 November}}<br/>1951<br />
| {{small|7 August}}<br/>1956{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Nov 1951|7 Aug 1956}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 4<br />
| [[File:Phani Bhusan Chakravartti.jpg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Phani Bhusan Chakravartti]]'''<br/>{{small|(1898{{ndash}}1981)}}<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| [[West Bengal]]<br />
| {{small|8 August}}<br/>1956<br />
| {{small|3 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| '''{{ayd|8 Aug 1956|3 Nov 1956}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[File:Padmaja Naidu.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Padmaja Naidu]]'''<br/>{{small|(1900{{ndash}}1975)}}<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|3 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| {{small|1 June}}<br/>1967<br />
| '''{{ayd|3 Nov 1956|1 Jun 1967}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:Dharma Vir, ICS.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Dharma Vira]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd.)<br/>(1906{{ndash}}2000)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|1 June}}<br/>1967<br />
| {{small|1 April}}<br/>1969<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Jun 1967|1 Apr 1969}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 7<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Deep Narayan Sinha]]'''<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| [[West Bengal]]<br />
| {{small|1 April}}<br/>1969<br />
| {{small|19 September}}<br/>1969<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Apr 1969|19 Sep 1969}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[Shanti Swaroop Dhavan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1906{{ndash}}1978)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|19 September}}<br/>1969<br />
| {{small|21 August}}<br/>1971<br />
| '''{{ayd|19 Sep 1969|21 Aug 1971}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[V. V. Giri]]<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd.)<br/>(1910{{ndash}}2002)}}<br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|21 August}}<br/>1971<br />
| {{small|6 November}}<br/>1979<br />
| '''{{ayd|21 Aug 1971|6 Nov 1979}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[File:Tribhuvan Narayan Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1904{{ndash}}1982)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|6 November}}<br/>1979<br />
| {{small|12 September}}<br/>1981<br />
| '''{{ayd|6 Nov 1979|12 Sep 1981}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| '''[[B. D. Pande|Bhairab Dutt Pande]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd.)<br/>(1917{{ndash}}2009)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|12 September}}<br/>1981<br />
| {{small|10 October}}<br/>1983{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Sep 1981|10 Oct 1983}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| [[File:Anant Sharma Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Anant Sharma|Anant Prasad Sharma]]'''<br/>{{small|(1919{{ndash}}1988)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|10 October}}<br/>1983<br />
| {{small|16 August}}<br/>1984<br />
| '''{{ayd|10 Oct 1983|16 Aug 1984}}'''<br />
| rowspan="4"| [[Zail Singh]]<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 13<br />
| [[File:Blank.svg|70px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''Satish Chandra'''<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|16 August}}<br/>1984<br />
| {{small|1 October}}<br/>1984<br />
| '''{{ayd|16 Aug 1984|1 Oct 1984}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[File:Uma Shankar Dikshit Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Uma Shankar Dikshit]]'''<br/>{{small|(1901{{ndash}}1991)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|1 October}}<br/>1984<br />
| {{small|12 August}}<br/>1986{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Oct 1984|12 Aug 1986}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 15<br />
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 30.jpg|98x98px]]<br />
| '''[[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}1993)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|12 August}}<br/>1986<br />
| {{small|20 March}}<br/>1989{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Orissa]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Aug 1986|20 Mar 1989}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| [[File:T. V. Rajeswar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[T. V. Rajeswar]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd.)<br/>(1926{{ndash}}2018)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|20 March}}<br/>1989<br />
| {{small|7 February}}<br/>1990{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|20 Mar 1989|7 Feb 1990}}'''<br />
| rowspan="6"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 30.jpg|98x98px]]<br />
| '''[[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}1993)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|7 February}}<br/>1990<br />
| {{small|3 January}}<br/>1991<br />
| '''{{ayd|7 Feb 1990|3 Jan 1991}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 18<br />
| [[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1924{{ndash}}2002)}}<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|4 January}}<br/>1991<br />
| {{small|23 January}}<br/>1991<br />
| '''{{ayd|4 Jan 1991|23 Jan 1991}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 30.jpg|98x98px]]<br />
| '''[[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}1993)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|24 January}}<br/>1991<br />
| {{small|3 January}}<br/>1992<br />
| '''{{ayd|24 Jan 1991|3 Jan 1992}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 20<br />
| [[File:Mohammad Shafi Qureshi, Governor of Madhya Pradesh (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1928{{ndash}}2016)}}<br/><small>(Acting)</small><br />
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| {{small|3 January}}<br/>1992<br />
| {{small|23 January}}<br/>1992<br />
| '''{{ayd|3 Jan 1992|23 Jan 1992}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 30.jpg|98x98px]]<br />
| '''[[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}1993)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|24 January}}<br/>1992<br />
| {{small|12 July}}<br/>1993{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|24 Jan 1992|12 Jul 1993}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 22<br />
| [[File:B. Satya Narayan Reddy portrait.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1927{{ndash}}2012)}}<br/><small>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|13 July}}<br/>1993<br />
| {{small|14 August}}<br/>1993<br />
| '''{{ayd|13 Jul 1993|14 Aug 1993}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
| [[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1924{{ndash}}2002)}}<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|14 August}}<br/>1993<br />
| {{small|27 April}}<br/>1998<br />
| '''{{ayd|14 Aug 1993|27 Apr 1998}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 24<br />
| [[File:A. R. Kidwai in 2009 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}2016)}}<br />
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]<br />
| {{small|27 April}}<br/>1998<br />
| {{small|18 May}}<br/>1999{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|27 Apr 1998|18 May 1999}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
|- <br />
! 25<br />
| [[File:Shyamal Kumar Sen - Kolkata 2012-10-03 0512.JPG|70px]]<br />
| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Shyamal Kumar Sen]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1940)}}<br />
| [[West Bengal]]<br />
| {{small|18 May}}<br/>1999<br />
| {{small|4 December}}<br/>1999<br />
| '''{{ayd|18 May 1999|4 Dec 1999}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 26<br />
| [[File:Viren J Shah - Kolkata 2004-05-02 1366.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Viren J. Shah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1926{{ndash}}2013)}}<br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br />
| {{small|4 December}}<br/>1999<br />
| {{small|14 December}}<br/>2004<br />
| '''{{ayd|4 Dec 1999|14 Dec 2004}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 27<br />
| [[File:Gopalkrishna Gandhi - Chatham House 2010 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd.)<br/>(born 1945)}}<br />
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]<br />
| {{small|14 December}}<br/>2004<br />
| {{small|14 December}}<br/>2009<br />
| '''{{ayd|14 Dec 2004|14 Dec 2009}}'''<br />
| [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 28<br />
| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee attending the Launching Ceremony of Agriculture Road Map of Bihar (2012-2017), at Patna, in Bihar. The Governor of Bihar, Shri Devanand Konwar and the Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar are also seen (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Devanand Konwar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2020)}}<br/><small>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
| [[Assam]]<br />
| {{small|14 December}}<br/>2009<br />
| {{small|23 January}}<br/>2010<br />
| '''{{ayd|14 Dec 2009|23 Jan 2010}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|-<br />
! 29<br />
| [[File:Mayankote Kelath Narayanan - Kolkata 2014-02-04 8384.JPG|105x105px]]<br />
| '''[[M. K. Narayanan]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd.)<br/>(born 1934)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|24 January}}<br/>2010<br />
| {{small|30 June}}<br/>2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|24 Jan 2010|30 Jun 2014}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 30 <br />
| [[File:Shri D.Y. Patil (cropped, 3x4).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[D. Y. Patil]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1935)}}<br/><small>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|3 July}}<br/>2014<br />
| {{small|17 July}}<br/>2014<br />
| '''{{ayd|3 Jul 2014|17 Jul 2014}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
! 31<br />
| [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi - Kolkata 2016-07-01 5591.JPG|105x105px]]<br />
| '''[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2023)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|24 July}}<br/>2014<br />
| {{small|29 July}}<br/>2019<br />
| '''{{ayd|24 Jul 2014|29 Jul 2019}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 32<br />
| [[File:Shri JDhankhar.png|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1951)}}<br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| {{small|30 July}}<br/>2019<br />
| {{small|17 July}}<br/>2022{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to become the [[Vice President of India]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|30 Jul 2019|17 Jul 2022}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 33<br />
| [[File:La Ganesan Ji (cropped).jpg|84x84px]]<br />
| '''[[La. Ganesan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1945{{ndash}}2025)}}<br/><small>(Additional Charge)</small><br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|18 July}}<br/>2022<br />
| {{small|17 November}}<br/>2022<br />
| '''{{ayd|18 Jul 2022|17 Nov 2022}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 34<br />
| [[File:Governor C. V. Ananda Bose at PMO.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[C. V. Ananda Bose]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd.)<br/>(born 1951)}}<br />
| [[Keralam]]<br />
| {{small|18 November}}<br/>2022<br />
| <small>11 March</small><br />
2026{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|18 Nov 2022|11 March 2026}}'''<br />
| Rowspan=2|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
! 35<br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px]]<br />
|'''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd.)<br/>(born 1952)}}<br />
|[[Bihar]]<br />
|<small>12 March</small><br />
2026<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Mar 2026}}'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[West Bengal]]<br />
*[[Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of states of India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in Raj Bhavan's (Governor's residence) official website]<br />
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190646/http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/const_role.htm Constitutional role of Governor]<br />
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190654/http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/ex_off.htm ''Ex officio'' role of Governor]<br />
** [https://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/pastgov1912_new.html title=Governors of Bengal from 1912 up to the present day]<br />
<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
{{Governors of West Bengal}}<br />
{{West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of West Bengal| ]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal politics-related lists|Governors]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|West Bengal]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=552688Governor (India)2026-08-05T12:37:42Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| post = Governor<br />
| body = Indian States<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br />
| style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]<br />[[The Honourable]]<br />
| residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br />
| salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}<br />(incl. allowances) per month<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| termlength = 5 years<br />
| deputy = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
[[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|<small>Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.</small>|300px|thumb|upright]]<br />
<br />
In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br />
<br />
=== Qualifications ===<br />
[[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}</ref> specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br />
<br />
A governor:<br />
<br />
* must be at least 35 years of age.<br />
* should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br />
* should not hold any office of profit.<br />
Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br />
<br />
=== Appointment ===<br />
The President of India appoints the governor of each State.<ref name=":0" /> The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}</ref><br />
<br />
A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Term of office ===<br />
A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.<ref name=":2" /> They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Powers and functions ==<br />
<br />
The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}</ref> All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
A governor has different types of powers:<br />
#'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br />
#'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br />
#'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br />
#'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br />
=== Executive powers ===<br />
<br />
* The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.<ref name=":4" /><br />
* The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.<ref name=":4" /> However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}</ref> This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}</ref><br />
* The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],<ref name=":4" /> the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref> and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}</ref><br />
* A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}</ref><br />
* When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}</ref><br />
* All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}</ref><br />
* The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}</ref> The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.<ref name=":3" /><br />
* The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}</ref> However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.<ref name=":7" /><br />
* A governor can nominate one member<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}</ref><br />
* A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Legislative powers ===<br />
<br />
* The governor has the right to address and send message,<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> summon, prorogue and dissolve<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref> the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}</ref> and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}</ref><br />
* The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br />
* The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref> This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><br />
* The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}</ref><br />
* When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br />
* A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Judicial powers ===<br />
<br />
* The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><br />
* The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Discretionary powers ===<br />
*When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br />
*They can impose [[president's rule]].<br />
*They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br />
*They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br />
*During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br />
<br />
]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br />
<br />
=== Emergency powers ===<br />
The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}</ref> unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Emoluments/Payment==<br />
<br />
On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br />
<br />
Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6710&sectionno=3&orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br />
<br />
* rent free official residence,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6712&sectionno=5&orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* free household facilities,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6713&sectionno=6&orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* leave allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6711&sectionno=4&orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6724&sectionno=8&orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* medical treatment,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6723&sectionno=7&orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* travelling allowances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6725&sectionno=9&orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6726&sectionno=10&orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6727&sectionno=11&orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
* and such other expenses as approved from the President.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&sectionId=6728&sectionno=12&orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Removal ==<br />
<br />
A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br />
# '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref> at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.<ref name=":2" /> However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.<ref name=":9" /><br />
# '''Resignation by the governor.'''<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legal immunity==<br />
<br />
Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br />
<br />
As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Analysis of role in Government==<br />
While the [[President of India]] is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government.<ref name="Changing UPA">{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br />
<br />
The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.<ref name="Changing UPA" /><br />
<br />
Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.<ref name="Why the post of governors should be abolished">{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.<ref name="Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}</ref><ref name="VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
== List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br />
'''Legend'''<br />
*<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small> Additional Charge<br />
*<small>{{note label|§|§|§}}</small> Acting<br />
*<small>{{note label|†|†|†}}</small> Governor- designate<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! State<br /><small>(list)</small><br />
! Portrait<br />
! Officeholder<br />
! Assumed office<br />{{small|(term length)}}<br />
!Appointed By<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Justice S. Abdul Nazeer.jpg|border|97x97px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}<br />({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br />
| [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|border|92x92px]]<br />
| '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Assam]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Assam|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|30}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Syed Ata Hasnain receiving President Droupadi Murmu (cropped).jpg|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|14}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Goa]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Goa|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|26}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Gujarat]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Acharya Devvrat (cropped).jpg|border|89x89px]]<br />
| '''[[Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|22}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''Ashim Kumar Ghosh'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|7|21}})</small><br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br />{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jharkhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot appointed as the new governor of karnataka (cropped).JPG|border|85x85px]]<br />
| '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|11}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kerala]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar.jpg|border|81x81px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|1|2}})</small><br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped) (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|7|8}})</small><br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma office.jpg|border|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|10}})</small><br />
| rowspan="12" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|- <br />
| [[Manipur]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:The Secretary, Ministry of Power, Shri Ajay Kumar Bhalla in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|border|88x88px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Meghalaya]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|border|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|07|30}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Mizoram]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])</small><br />
|<br />
| '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|16}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|13}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Odisha]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2025|01|03}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|border|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2024|7|31}})</small><br />
|- <br />
| [[Rajasthan]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br />
|- <br />
| [[Sikkim]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|border|87x87px]]<br />
| '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<small>{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}</small><br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]]<br />
<small>([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|11}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tripura]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[Indrasena Reddy|N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2023|10|26}})</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /><small>([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Chief Minister of Gujarat Anandiben Patel.jpg|border|93x93px]]<br />
| '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2019|7|29}})</small><br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Uttarakhand]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|border|83x83px]]<br />
| '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2021|9|15}})</small><br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br /><small>([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])</small><br />
| [[File:R. N. Ravi.png|70px|border]]<br />
| '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br />
| {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}<br /><small>({{ayd|2026|3|12}})</small><br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Records ==<br />
# [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br />
# [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br />
# [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]], the [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]] is the youngest officeholder <br />
# [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
# Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br />
# [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br />
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br />
<br />
* [[List of female governors in India]]<br />
* [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br />
* [[Federalism in India]]<br />
* [[Rajpramukh]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State governors of India]]<br />
[[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br />
[[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>Uikghhhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Kerala&diff=552687List of governors of Kerala2026-08-05T12:31:26Z<p>Uikghh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|List of Kerala governors}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox official post<br />
| image = Rajendra Arlekar.jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| post = Governor of Kerala<br />
| insignia = Government of Kerala Logo.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 120px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Kerala]]<br />
| incumbent = [[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]]<br />
| incumbentsince = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|1|2}}<br />
| style = [[The Honourable]], [[His Excellency]]<br />
| residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Kerala)|Lok Bhavan, Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1956|11|1}}<br />
| appointer = [[President of India]]<br />
| website = {{URL|http://www.rajbhavan.kerala.gov.in/}}<br />
| body = <br />
}} <br />
The '''governor of Kerala''' is the constitutional head of state of the southern Indian state of [[Kerala]]. The governor is appointed by the [[president of India]], and holds office at the president's pleasure. The governor is ''[[de jure]]'' head of the [[government of Kerala]]; all its executive actions are taken in the governor's name. The elected council of ministers is headed by the [[chief minister of Kerala]], who thus holds ''[[de facto]]'' executive authority in the state. The [[Constitution of India]] also empowers the governor to act upon their own discretion, such as the ability to appoint or dismiss a [[ministry (collective executive)|ministry]], recommend [[President's rule]], or reserve bills for the president's assent.<ref>[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th edition, 2011 reprint. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. p. 237, 241–44. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Kerala as well.</ref><br />
<br />
Since 2 January 2025, [[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar]], is the 28th governor of Kerala.<br />
<br />
==List==<br />
<br />
<br />
;Legend<br />
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office<br />
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred<br />
*{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed<br />
<br />
;Color key<br />
*{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"<br />
! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|#|Number}}<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small><br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state<br />
! colspan="3"| Tenure in office<br />
! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President)<br />
|- <br />
! style="width:7em"| From<br />
! style="width:7em"| To<br />
! style="width:5em"| Time in office<br />
|-<br />
! 1<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|[[File:P. S. Rao (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|'''P. S. Rao'''<br/>(Acting)<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|{{small|1 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|{{small|21 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"|'''{{ayd|1 Nov 1956|21 Nov 1956}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|-<br />
! 2<br />
| [[File:Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, 1952 (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]]'''<br/>{{small|(1899{{ndash}}1967)}}<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|22 November}}<br/>1956<br />
| {{small|1 July}}<br/>1960{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|22 Nov 1956|1 Jul 1960}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 3<br />
| [[File:President V. V. Giri.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[V. V. Giri]]'''<br/>{{small|(1894{{ndash}}1980)}}<br />
| [[Madras Presidency]]<br />
| {{small|1 July}}<br/>1960<br />
| {{small|2 April}}<br/>1965{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu|Governor of Mysore State]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Jul 1960|2 Apr 1965}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 4<br />
| [[File:Ajit Prasad Jain Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ajit Prasad Jain]]'''<br/>{{small|(1902{{ndash}}1977)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|2 April}}<br/>1965<br />
| {{small|6 February}}<br/>1966{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|2 Apr 1965|6 Feb 1966}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 5<br />
| [[File:Bhagwan Sahay.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Bhagwan Sahay]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1905{{ndash}}1986)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|6 February}}<br/>1966<br />
| {{small|15 May}}<br/>1967{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|6 Feb 1966|15 May 1967}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:V. Viswanathan.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[V. Viswanathan]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1909{{ndash}}1987)}}<br />
| [[Kerala]]<br />
| {{small|15 May}}<br/>1967<br />
| {{small|1 April}}<br/>1973<br />
| '''{{ayd|15 May 1967|1 Apr 1973}}'''<br />
| [[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|-<br />
! 6<br />
| [[File:N. N. Wanchoo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[N. N. Wanchoo]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1910{{ndash}}1982)}}<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|1 April}}<br/>1973<br />
| {{small|10 October}}<br/>1977{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 Apr 1973|10 Oct 1977}}'''<br />
| [[V. V. Giri]]<br />
|-<br />
! 7<br />
| [[File:Jothi Venkatachalam.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Jothi Venkatachalam]]'''<br/>{{small|(1917{{ndash}}1992)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|14 October}}<br/>1977<br />
| {{small|27 October}}<br/>1982<br />
| '''{{ayd|14 Oct 1977|27 Oct 1982}}'''<br />
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br />
|-<br />
! 8<br />
| [[File:P. Ramachandran.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[P. Ramachandran]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}2001)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|27 October}}<br/>1982<br />
| {{small|23 February}}<br/>1988<br />
| '''{{ayd|27 Oct 1982|23 Feb 1988}}'''<br />
| [[Zail Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
! 9<br />
| [[File:Ram Dulari Sinha official portrait.gif|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Ram Dulari Sinha]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}1994)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|23 February}}<br/>1988<br />
| {{small|12 February}}<br/>1990{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|23 Feb 1988|12 Feb 1990}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]<br />
|-<br />
! 10<br />
| [[File:Sarup Singh Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Sarup Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1917{{ndash}}2003)}}<br />
| [[Haryana]]<br />
| {{small|12 February}}<br/>1990<br />
| {{small|20 December}}<br/>1990{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Gujarat]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Feb 1990|20 Dec 1990}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 11<br />
| [[File:B. Rachaiah Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[B. Rachaiah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}2000)}}<br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br />
| {{small|20 December}}<br/>1990<br />
| {{small|15 April}}<br/>1995<br />
| '''{{ayd|20 Dec 1990|15 Apr 1995}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 12<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Gopala Ramanujam.jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Gopala Ramanujam]]'''<br/>{{small|(1915{{ndash}}2001)<br/>Governor of Orissa}}<br/>(Acting)<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|15 April}}<br/>1995<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|30 April}}<br/>1995<br />
| bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|15 Apr 1995|30 Apr 1995}}'''<br />
| rowspan="5"| [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
! 13<br />
| [[File:B. Rachaiah Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[B. Rachaiah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}2000)}}<br />
| [[Karnataka]]<br />
| {{small|1 May}}<br/>1995<br />
| {{small|11 November}}<br/>1995<br />
| '''{{ayd|1 May 1995|11 Nov 1995}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 14<br />
| [[File:P. Shiv Shankar (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[P. Shiv Shankar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2017)}}<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|12 November}}<br/>1995<br />
| {{small|4 May}}<br/>1996{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|12 Nov 1995|1 May 1996}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 15<br />
| [[File:Khurshed Alam Khan (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Khurshed Alam Khan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1919{{ndash}}2013)<br/>Governor of Karnataka}}<br/>(Additional Charge)<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|5 May}}<br/>1996<br />
| {{small|25 January}}<br/>1997<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 May 1996|25 Jan 1997}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 16<br />
| [[File:Justice Sukhdev Singh Kang.jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|Justice (Retd)}}<br/>'''[[Sukhdev Singh Kang]]'''<br/>{{small|(1931{{ndash}}2012)}}<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| {{small|25 January}}<br/>1997<br />
| {{small|18 April }}<br/>2002<br />
| '''{{ayd|25 Jan 1997|18 April 2002}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 17<br />
| [[File:Sikander Bakht Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Sikander Bakht]]'''<br />{{small|(1918{{ndash}}2004)}}<br />
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]<br />
| {{small|18 April}}<br />2002<br />
| {{small|23 February}}<br />2004{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|18 Apr 2002|23 Feb 2004}}'''<br />
|[[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />
|-<br />
! 18<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[File:T. N. Chaturvedi.jpg|70px]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | '''[[T. N. Chaturvedi]]'''<br />{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(1928{{ndash}}2020)<br/>Governor of Karnataka}}<br />(Additional Charge)<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | {{small|25 February}}<br />2004<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | {{small|23 June}}<br />2004<br />
| bgcolor="wheat" | '''{{ayd|25 Feb 2004|23 Jun 2004}}'''<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-<br />
! 19<br />
| [[File:R. L. Bhatia.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. L. Bhatia]]'''<br />{{small|(1920{{ndash}}2021)}}<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| {{small|23 June}}<br />2004<br />
| {{small|10 July}}<br />2008{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=BR|Transferred as the [[Governor of Bihar]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|23 Jun 2004|10 Jul 2008}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 20<br />
| [[File:R. S. Gavai.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[R. S. Gavai]]'''<br />{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2015)}}<br />
| [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| {{small|11 July}}<br />2008<br />
| {{small|7 September}}<br />2011<br />
| '''{{ayd|11 Jul 2008|7 Sep 2011}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Pratibha Patil]]<br />
|-<br />
! 21<br />
| [[File:M. O. H. Farook.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[M. O. H. Farook]]'''<br />{{small|(1937{{ndash}}2012)}}<br />
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
| {{small|8 September}}<br />2011<br />
| {{small|26 January}}<br />2012{{ref label|†|†|†}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|8 Sep 2011|26 Jan 2012}}'''<br />
|- bgcolor="wheat"<br />
! 22<br />
| [[File:Hans Raj Bhardwaj.png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[H. R. Bhardwaj]]'''<br />{{small|(1939{{ndash}}2020)<br/>Governor of Karnataka}}<br />(Additional Charge)<br />
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| {{small|26 January}}<br />2012<br />
| {{small|22 March}}<br />2013<br />
| '''{{ayd|26 Jan 2012|22 Mar 2013}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 23<br />
| [[File:Nikhil Kumar Nagaland Governor (cropped).jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Nikhil Kumar (governor)|Nikhil Kumar]]'''<br />{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1941)}}<br />
| [[Bihar]]<br />
| {{small|23 March}}<br />2013<br />
| {{small|5 March}}<br />2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to contest in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]]}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|23 Mar 2013|5 Mar 2014}}'''<br />
| rowspan="3" | [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|-<br />
! 24<br />
| [[File:Sheila Dikshit Ji.jpg|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Sheila Dikshit]]'''<br />{{small|(1938{{ndash}}2019)}}<br />
| [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]]<br />
| {{small|5 March}}<br />2014<br />
| {{small|5 September}}<br />2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 Mar 2014|5 Sep 2014}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 25<br />
| [[File:Justice P. Sathasivam.jpg|70px]]<br />
| {{small|Justice (Retd)}}<br />'''[[P. Sathasivam]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1949)}}<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| {{small|5 September}}<br />2014<br />
| {{small|5 September}}<br />2019<br />
| '''{{ayd|5 Sep 2014|5 Sep 2019}}'''<br />
|-<br />
! 26<br />
| [[File:Arif Mohammad Khan (cropped).png|70px]]<br />
| '''[[Arif Mohammad Khan]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1951)}}<br />
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| {{small|6 September}}<br />2019<br />
| {{small|1 January}}<br />2025{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=BR}}<br />
| '''{{ayd|6 Sep 2019|1 Jan 2025}}'''<br />
| [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />
|-<br />
! 27<br />
| [[File:Rajendra Arlekar.jpg|80x80px]]<br />
| '''[[Rajendra Arlekar]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1954)}}<br />
| [[Goa]]<br />
| {{small|2 January}}<br />2025<br />
| Incumbent<br />
| '''{{ayd|2 Jan 2025}}'''<br />
| [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kerala]]<br />
* [[Governors of India]]<br />
* [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_4.htm Governors of Kerala]<br />
<br />
== Oath ==<br />
“I, A. B., do swear in the name of God/solemly affirm that I will faithfully<br />
execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br />
of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br />
the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br />
Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br />
the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br />
of the State).”<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}<br />
{{Kerala topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Governors of Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of people from Kerala|Governors]]<br />
[[Category:Kerala politics-related lists|Governors]]</div>Uikghh