Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Rajabali Jumabhoy

2023-10-08T19:23:36Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Created page with ''''Rajabali Jumabhoy''' (16 January 1898 - 26 November 1998) was a businessman, politician and the chairman of Scotts Holdings in Singapore. ==Early life== <ref name = "InfoPedia">https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_859_2004-12-27.html</ref><ref>I never thought I’d live to be 100 (16 January 1998 ==Career== Came to Singapore in 24 June 1916.<ref name = "InfoPedia"/> He helped to found the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry|I...'

{{Short description|Singapore businessman (b. 1898, d. 1998)}}
'''Rajabali Jumabhoy''' (16 January 1898 — 26 November 1998) was a businessman, politician and the chairman of [[Scotts Holdings]] in Singapore.

==Early life==
Jumabhoy was born on 16 January 1898 in the village of Lakhapar in [[Kutch district|Kutch district, India]]. His grandfather was [[Bunder Kassim]], a prominent merchant. He was raised in his elder sister's home in [[Bhopal]] and attended the [[University of Mumbai|University of Bombay]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay]].<ref name = "InfoPedia">{{cite web |url= https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=af046cc9-a994-478f-b9b3-d9e1ef3bfb0d|title= Rajabali Jumabhoy|last= Mukunthan|first= Michael|date= |website= Singapore Infopedia|publisher= [[National Library Board]]|access-date= 7 October 2023|quote=}}</ref>

==Career==
In August 1915, he and one of his brothers established a business on 9 [[Market Street (Singapore)|Market Street]] in Singapore under the name R. Jumabhoy. He came to Singapore in 24 June 1916 and took over the business. However, he returned to India a few months later due to ill health. He returned to Singapore in January 2018. However, Jumabhoy eventually had a falling out with his brother. Following this, he left the businesses and established his own business on 2 January 1922. In 1923, he became a founding member of the [[Singapore Indian Association]]. In the following year, he became a founding member of the [[Indian Merchants Association]] and made a foray into property development. By then, he had established offices in [[Hong Kong]], [[Java]] and Bombay. His business traded in coffee, sago flour, [[Benzoin (resin)|Benzoin]], rattan and [[Gambier (extract)|gambier]].<ref name = "InfoPedia"/>

From 1929 to 1935, Jumabhoy served on the committee of the [[Straits Settlements Association]]. From 1930 to 1935, he served as the president of the Indian Merchants Association.<ref name = "ST">{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 1 January 1939|title= Mainly About Malayans|url= https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19390101-1.2.111|work= [[The Straits Times]]|location= |access-date= 7 October 2023}}</ref> In 1930, he became a founding member of the [[Rotary Club of Singapore]], and was made a [[Justice of the Peace]]. From 1932 to 1934, he served as the only Indian member of the [[Straits Settlements Trade Commission]]. In 1935, he became a founding member of the [[Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry|Indian Chamber of Commerce]], and was appointed its first president.<ref name = "InfoPedia"/> He served as the Chamber of Commerce's president in 1935, in 1936, from 1940 to 1942, from 1945 to 1950 and in 1953.<ref name = "Honours">{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 17 June 1954|title= Mr. Rajabali Jumabhoy, who at the annual meeting of the Singapore Indian Chamber of Commerce, was elected president for his thirteenth term.|url= https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitsbudget19540617-1.2.65|work= [[The Straits Times|The Straits Budget]]|location= |access-date= 7 October 2023}}</ref> From 1936 to 1937, he served on the committee of the [[Singapore Ratepayers' Association]]. In 1938, he received the Malayan Certificate of Honour. In November 1939, he was appointed to the Trafic Advisory Committee. By then, he had helped to found and served as the president of the Muslim Students Society. He had also served on the [[Poppy Day]] committee, and the chairman of the reception committee of the All Malaya Indian Conference.<ref name = "ST"/>

Jumabhoy fled to India on 7 February 1942, fearing that he would be punished by the Japanese for the positions he had held while Singapore was under British rule. He returned to Singapore following the end of the [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupation]] in 1945, and resumed his position as the president of the Indian Chamber of Commerce. On 1 January 1948, he renamed his company to R Jumabhoy & Sons. In 1953, he was conferred the [[CBE]]. In 1991, [[Scotts Holdings]] went public. The Rajabali Jumabhoy Foundation was formed in the following year.<ref name = "InfoPedia"/>

==Political career==
From 1938 to 1941, Jumabhoy was a member of the [[Municipal Commission of Singapore]]. He resumed his position as a member of the Municipal Commission in 1946, and left the commission in 1947. He was elected into the [[Legislative Council of Singapore]] by the Indian Chamber of Commerce during the [[1948 Singaporean general election]]. On 12 July 1951, he was appointed a member of the Executive Council. During the [[1955 Singaporean general election]], he ran as an independent candidate for the [[Telok Ayer Constituency]] and won the election. He retired from politics in 1959.<ref name = "InfoPedia"/>

==Personal life and death==
Jumabhoy married Fatimabai Premji on 11 May 1920. Together, they had seven children, including [[Ameerali R. Jumabhoy]]. In October 1995, he [[Jumabhoy family feud|initiated court action]] against Ameerali over the management of Scotts Holdings.<ref name = "InfoPedia"/>

He died of natural causes on 26 November 1998 at the [[Mount Elizabeth Hospital]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Mathi|first= Braema|date= 27 November 1998|title= Rajabali Jumabhoy dies at 101|url= |work= [[The Straits Times]]|location= Singapore|access-date= }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Singaporean politicians]]

May I Come In Madam?

2023-10-01T15:11:42Z

Trikesh DAMOR: May I Come In Madam? (season 1)

{{short description|Indian Hindi-language sitcom TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| network = {{ubl|[[Life OK]] (season 1)|[[Star Bharat]] (season 2)}}
| writer = Anirudh Madesia <br/>Ankit Careter
| story =
| runtime = 21 minutes
| director = Abhishek
| camera = Harjinder
| first_aired = {{start date|2016|3|7|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 390
| producer = Ankit Carter
| company = Edit ll production
| genre = Comedy
|related = {{ubl|[[Excuse Me Maadam]]}}
}}

'''May I Come In Madam?''' is a Hindi-language Indian sitcom. The [[May I Come In Madam? (season 1)|first season]] aired on [[Life OK]] from 7 March 2016 to 25 August 2017.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/may-i-come-in-madam-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/53376096.cms | title='May I Come in Madam?' completes 100 episodes | newspaper=The Times of India | date=25 July 2016 }}</ref> A [[May I Come In Madam? (season 2)|second season]] premiered on 26 September 2023 on [[Star Bharat]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/a-new-season-of-may-i-come-in-madam-in-the-works-nehha-pendse-to-reprise-the-role-of-the-boss-lady/articleshow/102178328.cms | title=A new season of May I Come in Madam? In the works; Nehha Pendse to reprise the role of the boss lady | newspaper=The Times of India | date=27 July 2023 }}</ref>

== Series overview ==
{{Series overview
|color1 = #74E387
|link1 = May I Come In Madam? (season 1)
|episodes1 = 385
|start1 = {{Start date|2016|03|07|df=y}}
|end1 = {{End date|2017|08|15|df=y}}

|color2 = #004000
|link2 = May I Come In Madam? (season 2)
|episodes2 = 5
|start2 = {{Start date|2023|09|26|df=y}}
|end2 = present
}}

==Season 1==
{{Main|May I Come In Madam? (season 1)}}

The first season of "May I Come In Madam?" was announced in February 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/coming-soon-may-i-come-in-madam-kuch-rang-pyar-ke-ek-duje-ke-vaste-kasam-vishkanya-small-scree-upcoming-shows-308852-2016-02-15 | title=Kuch Rang Pyar Ke to May I Come in Madam: 6 upcoming shows that look promising }}</ref> It fetaures [[Nehha Pendse]] as Sanjana Hiteshi (Madam), Sandeep Anand as Sajan Agarwal (Sanju) and Sapna Sikarwar Kashmira Agarwal and aired on [[Life OK]] from 7 March 2016 to 25 August 2017.

==Season 2==
{{Main|May I Come In Madam? (season 2)}}

The second season of "May I Come In Madam?" was announced in July 2023. [[Nehha Pendse]], Sandeep Anand and Sapna Sikarwar from the previous season reprised their roles and it premiered on [[Star Bharat]] on September 26, 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-star-bharat-relaunches-new-season-of-three-shows-3255493/ | title=Star Bharat relaunches new season of three shows | date=26 September 2023 }}</ref>

==Sequel==
{{Main|Excuse Me Maadam}}
The producers of the show launched a sequel titled ''[[Excuse Me Maadam]]'', which revolves around a similar concept and storyline, however changes were made in the cast as it features [[Rajesh Kumar (actor)|Rajesh Kumar]] as Sanam Harjayi, [[Nyra Banerjee]] as Sanam's boss and [[Sucheta Khanna]] as Sanam's caring wife.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Season two of 'May I Come In Madam?' to go on floors with a new cast - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/season-two-of-may-i-come-in-madam-to-go-on-floors-with-a-new-cast/articleshow/76291296.cms|access-date=26 October 2020|website=The Times of India|date=10 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Sapna Sikarwar and [[Anup Upadhyay]] are also part of the series. Anup Upadhyay portrays Adhu, who is Sanam's best friend and husband of his sister-in-law Amar, played by Sapna Sikarwar.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Comedian Anup Upadhyay set to join 'Excuse Me Madam' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/comedian-anup-upadhyay-set-to-join-excuse-me-madam/articleshow/77345827.cms|access-date=26 October 2020|website=The Times of India|date=4 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5989104 May I Come In Madam?] on [[IMDb]]
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/may-i-come-in-madam/7662 May I Come In Madam] on [[hotstar]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2010s sitcoms]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Life OK original programming]]
[[Category:Star Bharat original programming]]
[[Category:Television series revived after cancellation]]

Ratnavali Shaktipeeth

2023-09-10T04:34:41Z

Trikesh DAMOR:

{{orphan}}

'''Ratnavali Shaktipeeth''' is located in Khankul-[[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnagar]] on the banks of Ratnakar river in Hooghly district of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is locally known as Anandamayi Shaktipeeth.
==Devi and Bhairava==
According to Peethanirnaya, the goddess is worshiped here as 'Kumari' and "Bhairava Ghanteshar or Shiva". Bhairava is a few hands away from the goddess. Mahadeva is more important here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratnavali Shakti Peeth, Hooghly - Info, Timings, Photos, History |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120010804/https://www.templepurohit.com/hindu-temple/ratnavali-shakti-peeth/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=সরকার |first=অভীক |title=৫১ সতীপীঠ ( শক্তিপীঠ )-পর্ব ৩ |url=https://dusbus.com/bn/51-sotipith-soktipith-porbo-3/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=DusBus |language=bn-BD}}</ref>
==Myth==
According to Hindu mythology Ratnabali Shakti Peeth is one of the 51 Shakti Peeths of Mother Sati. Lord Vishnu dismembered the body of mother Sati using Sudarshana Chakra to free Shiva from the grief of losing his wife Sati. The temple was built on the spot where Sati's body fell. The Dakshin Skandha (right shoulder) of the goddess fell here in the "Kavya Mimamansa" which mentions this Peetha.

==Puja-Parvan==
Here the mother is worshiped with sweets, fruits and food regularly. Many people come to Ghanteshar to take vows to cure tumors. Instead of bel leaves, the father is promised with coconut upachar. Durga Puja is performed here with great fervour. A fair is held here in Chaitra Ghazn.

==Reference==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]

Harmuti Junction railway station

2023-09-08T11:50:12Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Shared an engaging piece.

{{Short description|Railway station in Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Harmuti
| type = Junction [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Harmuti Junction name post 2.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = Harmuti railway station road,[[Harmutty]],[[ Lakhimpur]], [[Assam]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.119132|93.860631|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = India Assam#India
| map_dot_label = Harmuti
| map_caption = Location in Assam##Location in India
| line = [[Rangia–Murkongselek section]] & [[Harmuti-Naharlagun section]]
| elevation = {{convert|104|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard
| platform = 3
| tracks = 4
| parking = Yes
| rebuilt = 2014
| electrified = No
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = HMY
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Rangiya}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| status = Single diesel line}}

'''Harmuti Junction railway station''' is a small railway station in [[Lakhimpur district]], [[Assam]]. Its code is '''HMY'''. It serves [[Harmutty]] town. The station consists of two platforms. The platform are well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/harmuti-junction-hmy/866| title=HMY/Harmuti | website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

== Major trains ==

* [[Kamakhya–Murkongselek Lachit Express]]
* [[Dekargaon–Murkongselek Passenger]]
* [[Murkeongselek–Rangiya Passenger]]
* [[Naharlagun–Guwahati Donyi Polo Express]]
* [[Naharlagun−Guwahati Shatabdi Express]]
* [[Arunachal AC Superfast Express]]
* [[New Tinsukia–Tambaram Express|New Tinsukia–Tambaram Weekly Express]]
* [[Naharlagun–Tinsukia Intercity Expres]]
* [[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh–Howrah Kamrup Express Via Rangapara North]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Assam}}

{{Assam-railstation-stub}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Lakhimpur district]]
[[Category:Rangiya railway division]]

2023 Maharashtra political crisis

2023-07-17T04:28:52Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Added a new entry to the collection.

#REDIRECT [[2023 Nationalist Congress Party split]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Baking a Dream: The Theobroma Story

2023-07-15T19:35:46Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Page formed.

{{Short description|English non-fiction book}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed}}
{{Orphan}}
}}
{{Infobox book
| image = Baking a Dream The Theobroma Story Book Cover.jpg
| caption =
| author = Tina Messman, Kainaz Messman Harchandrai
| pub_date = March 5, 2020
| name = Baking a Dream: The Theobroma Story
| language = English
| country = India
| genre = Non-fiction, book
| publisher = [[HarperCollins]], India
}}

'''Baking a Dream: The Theobroma Story''' is an English [[Non-fiction]] book written by Kainaz Messman Harchandra and Tina Messman. This was the debut novel of the authors and was first published in 2020 by [[HarperCollins]] India.

== Plot ==

Baking a Dream: The Theobroma Story" delves into the fascinating tale of a food-obsessed family who transformed their culinary dreams into reality. Authored by Kainaz Messman Harchandra and Tina Messman, the founders of Theobroma, this non-fiction book takes readers on a journey from a small Colaba kitchen to a multi-million dollar business empire.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newpaper |first=The Print |title=How I created Theobroma's favourite product and became brownie queen of Mumbai |url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/how-i-created-theobromas-favourite-product-became-brownie-queen/378418/}}</ref> What sets Theobroma apart is not only its mouthwatering brownies, known as food fit for the gods, but also the intriguing origin of the recipe—a neighbor's simple request.

The captivating narrative provides a candid account of the Messman family's ambitious and slightly eccentric Parsi clan. Starting as a home-catering business, Theobroma has flourished into a chain of 50 outlets across the country, defying expectations and captivating dessert enthusiasts nationwide. Kainaz and Tina Messman offer an unfiltered look at the challenges and triumphs of working alongside family members while providing valuable insights and tips for aspiring entrepreneurs seeking to turn their passion for baking into a profitable career. "Baking a Dream: The Theobroma Story" is a read for those craving a taste of inspiration and guidance in the pursuit of their own entrepreneurial dreams.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=RrvTDwAAQBAJ Baking a Dream: The Theobroma Story]

[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:2020 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:HarperCollins books]]

Alummoottil

2023-07-14T19:28:54Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Disambiguating links to DR (link changed to Jaykashyap (title)) using DisamAssist.

{{Infobox royal house
| name = Alummoottil
| origin = [[Alappuzha, Kerala]]
| country = India
| founded = 1600s
| dissolution = Early 1900s
| final_head = Kochu Krishnan Channar
| estate = Alummoottil Meda in [[Muttom, Thodupuzha|Muttom]], [[Kerala]]
}}

'''Alummoottil''' is an Indian aristocratic [[Ezhava]] family ([[Tharavad]]) in [[Karthikappally|Karthikapally]] [[Tehsil|Thaluk]] of [[Alappuzha]] district in [[Kerala]]. The family was at its financial peak during the seventeenth to twentieth centuries.

== History ==
The family's lineage is traced back to the early 1600s. During the 1700s, Alummoottil family was the supplier of cavalry regiments - mounted soldiers, lances, and war horses - to the [[Odanad]] Maharaja.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to The Alummoottil Family's Home Page |url=http://alummoottil.com/home.htm |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=alummoottil.com}}</ref> Alummootil members were also known for their expertise in [[Kalaripayattu]] martial art of Kerala. At its peak, the family used to administer 64 [[Kalari]]s (Kalaripayattu training centers), annually supplying 1000 infantrymen and 250 mounted-soldiers to the kingdom. Alummoottil [[Karnavar|Karanavars]] (chieftains) served as the [[Gurukkal (kalaripayattu)|Gurukkals]] (instructors) of these training centres.[[File:Alummoottil Meda.jpg|thumb|The Alummoottil mansion in Alappuzha.]]Alummoottil soldiers commanded infantry regiments and intelligence platoons within the Maharaja's army. This role briefly ended when [[Marthanda Varma|King Marthanda Varma]] annexed the Kayamkulam kingdom to [[Travancore]] in 1746.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to The Alummoottil Family's Home Page |url=http://alummoottil.com/Heritage/Heritage.htm |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=alummoottil.com}}</ref> A few years after the annexation, Varma summoned the Alummoottil Karanavar and asked for the family's support. After negotiations, Alummoottil agreed to help the kingdom of Travancore if the former Kayamkulam Maharaja's life was spared and the dissolved military ranks of the Alummoottil family members were restored, conditions which Varma agreed to.
Following the fall of the Odanad kingdom, Alummoottil Karanavars started focusing on trade. By the 1750s, most of the spice trade between Europe and Southern Kerala flowed through the warehouses of Alummoottil. The family were one of the highest tax-payers within the Travancore kingdom. [[A. P. Udhayabhanu|AP Udayabhanu's]] novel ''"Ente Kadha Illaymakal"'' suggests that by the early 1800s, the family was wealthier than the King of Travancore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=നാഗവല്ലിയുടെ യഥാര്‍ഥ മാടമ്പിള്ളി ഹില്‍പാലസല്ല, അത് ഇവിടെയാണ്‌ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/travel/travel-kerala/2021/08/08/alummoottil-meda-haunded-house-movie-manichitrathazhu.html |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Osella |first=Filippo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMRw0gTZSJwC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA52&dq=alummoottil&hl=en |title=Social Mobility In Kerala: Modernity and Identity in Conflict |last2=Osella |first2=Caroline |publisher=Pluto Press |isbn=978-0-7453-1693-2 |language=en}}</ref>

In the beginning of the 20th century, internal rifts and fissures started developing in the family, eventually leading to the assassination of Kochu Kunju Channar in March 1921, the second-last Karanavar of the Alummoottil family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alummootil Kochukunju Chanar |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Alummootil-Kochukunju-Chanar/6000000007027983090 |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=geni_family_tree |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Best CV takes a back seat - A car story tells why Shashi’s ride is not so smooth |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/best-cv-takes-a-back-seat-a-car-story-tells-why-shashis-ride-is-not-so-smooth/cid/191437 |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='ശേഷം വഴിയെ'; ആലുംമൂട്ടില്‍ ചാന്നാര്‍ വധവും മാധ്യമ സഞ്ചാരങ്ങളും |url=https://themalabarjournal.com/theme-crime-will-be-continue-channar-killing-in-alummoot-and-media-travel-bineesh-panicker}}</ref> The main accused, AP Shreedharan Channar (nephew of Kochu Kunju Channar), was executed in 1921 by the royal decree.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Neelima |title="It Will Be A Huge Flop". 20 Fascinating Facts About The Making Of Manichitrathazhu, In Fazil’s Words |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/it-will-be-a-huge-flop-20-fascinating-facts-about-the-making-of-manichitrathazhu-in-fazils-words |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=നാഗവല്ലിയുടെ പ്രേതഭവനമല്ല ഇത്, ചരിത്ര സംഭാവനകളും നൽകിയ മേട |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/travel/manichithrathazu-alummoottil-tharavad-from-muttom-in-alappuzha/articleshow/69812349.cms |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>

The last Karanavar of Alummoottil, Kochu Krishnan Channar, split the family properties among the descendants, in the 1940s, dissolving one of the wealthiest families in contemporary Kerala history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ആലൂമൂട്ടിൽ തറവാട്ടിലെ കൊലപാതകവും മണിച്ചിത്രത്താഴിന്റെ കഥാ പരിസരവും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2018/12/22/manichitrathazhu-movie-25-years-mohanlal-suresh-gopi-fazil.html |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref>

The Alummoottil Meda (mansion), the historical home of the family is located in [[Muttom, Thodupuzha|Muttom, Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sajeevgaruda |title=A trip to the location of Manichitrathazhu in search of mysteries. |url=https://www.garudacreation.com/a-trip-to-the-location-of-manichitrathazhu-in-search-of-mysteries/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Garudacreations |language=en-US}}</ref> The property's courtyard (nalukettu) is over 425 years old and is one of the oldest such structures in Kerala. The mansion itself is 125 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alummoottil meda: haunted house that inspired movie 'Manichitrathazhu' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2019/08/01/alummoottil-meda-haunded-house-movie-manichitrathazhu.html |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘ആലുംമൂട്ടിൽമേട’ എന്ന പ്രേതഭവനത്തിലേക്ക് ഒരു സന്ദർശനം |url=https://www.techtraveleat.com/alummootilmeda-harippad/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Tech Travel Eat |language=en-US}}</ref>

== In the movies ==
The 1993 Indian Malayalam-language film ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]'' is loosely based on the murder of Kochu Kunju Channar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Top horror movies in Malayalam |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/top-horror-movies-in-malayalam/photostory/50159066.cms |access-date=2023-06-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=മാടമ്പളളിയിലെ കാരണവര്‍ ഇന്നുമുണ്ട് ആലുമൂട്ടില്‍ കൊട്ടാരത്തില്‍ |url=https://janamtv.com/80311652/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Eerie, spooky and desolate: Haunted places in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/travel/eerie-spooky-and-desolate-haunted-places-in-india-101639297200165-amp.html}}</ref>The movie was remade in other languages, including the 2005 Tamil remake ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' and the 2007 Hindi comedy-horror [[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mollywood movies that ran for more than 300 days |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/mollywood-movies-that-ran-for-more-than-300-days/photostory/49802162.cms |access-date=2023-06-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eerie, spooky and desolate: Haunted places in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/travel/eerie-spooky-and-desolate-haunted-places-in-india-101639297200165.html |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The Alummoottil Meda was featured in the film [[Rakthasakshikal Sindabad|Rakhtasakshikal Sindabad]].
[[File:Manichitrathazhu of Alummoottil.jpg|thumb|This is the ornamental lock that inspired the movie Manichitrathazhu.]]

== Notable people ==
* [[T. K. Madhavan]]
* [[A. P. Udhayabhanu|A.P. Udayabhanu]]
* [[Businessmint (title)|Dr]] [[C. O. Karunakaran]]
* [[Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker]]
* [[Madhu Muttam|Madhu Muttom]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Noble families]]
[[Category:Indian noble families]]

The Sindhi Jats

2023-07-05T04:01:49Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Published a well-researched resource.

#REDIRECT [[Sindhi Jats]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Vicenza

2022-10-13T22:14:30Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Contributed a new entry to the platform.

{{Short description|Comune in Veneto, Italy}}
{{About|the city in Italy|the province|Province of Vicenza|other uses|Vincentia (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Vicenza
| official_name = Città di Vicenza
| native_name = {{native name|vec|Vicensa}}
| image_skyline = Collage Vicenza.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top''': [[Villa La Rotonda]]; the classical temple in the Parco Querini; Piazza dei Signori; the Renaissance [[Basilica Palladiana]]; and a panorama of the city from the [[Monte Berico]]
| image_flag = Flag of Vicenza.png
| image_shield = Vicenza-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{Coord|45|33|N|11|33|E|region:IT-34_type:city(119038)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Veneto]]
| province = [[Province of Vicenza]] (VI)
| mayor_party = [[Centre-left]]
| mayor = [[Giacomo Possamai]]
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 80
| population_footnotes =<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT |language=it |url=http://demo.istat.it/pop2014/index1.html |publisher=Demo.istat.it |access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>
| population_total = 111980
| population_as_of = 30 June 2017
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Vicentini
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 39
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
|istat=| saint = Madonna of Monte Berico
| day = September 8
| postal_code = 36100
| area_code = 0444
| website = {{Official website|http://www.comune.vicenza.it}}
| footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| Part_of = City of Vicenza and the [[Palladian Villas of the Veneto]]
| Image = File:Piazza dei Signori - Torre Bissara - Vicenza.jpg
| Caption = Piazza dei Signori
| Criteria = Cultural: i, ii
| ID = 712-001
| Year = 1994
| Area = {{convert|218|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}

'''Vicenza''' ({{IPAc-en|v|ɪ|ˈ|tʃ|ɛ|n|t|s|ə}} {{respell|vih|CHENT|sə}}, {{IPA-it|viˈtʃɛntsa|lang|It-Vicenza.ogg}}; {{Lang-vec|Vicensa}} {{IPA-vec|viˈtʃeŋ(t)sa}}) is a city in northeastern Italy. It is in the [[Veneto]] region, at the northern base of the [[Monte Berico]], where it straddles the [[Bacchiglione|Bacchiglione River]]. Vicenza is approximately {{convert|60|km|mi}} west of [[Venice]] and {{convert|200|km|mi}} east of [[Milan]].

Vicenza is a thriving and [[Multiculturalism|cosmopolitan]] city, with a rich [[history]] and [[culture]], and many [[museum]]s, [[art gallery|art galleries]], [[piazza]]s, [[villa]]s, [[church (building)|church]]es and elegant [[Renaissance]] ''[[Palazzo|palazzi]]''. With the [[Palladian villas of the Veneto]] in the surrounding area, and his renowned [[Teatro Olimpico]] ("Olympic Theater"), the "city of Palladio" has been listed as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] since 1994.<ref name="books.google.co.uk" />

In December 2008, Vicenza had an estimated population of 115,927<ref>Data from [http://www.comune.vicenza.it/ente/settori/staff/statistica/statmese.php?anno=2010&mese=12 Comune di Vicenza] {{inlang|it}}.</ref> and a metropolitan area of 270,000. Vicenza is the third-largest Italian industrial centre as measured by the value of its exports, and is one of the country's wealthiest cities,<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{Cite book |last=Moretti |first=John |url={{GBurl|id=_lG9LUf5esgC|p=188}} |title=Frommer's Northern Italy |date=2008-03-14 |isbn=978-0-470-29096-5 |access-date=2011-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Economy |url=http://www.vicenza.org/mosaic/economy.htm |publisher=Vicenza |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009085928/http://www.vicenza.org/mosaic/economy.htm |archive-date=2011-10-09 |access-date=2011-09-15}}</ref> in large part due to its textile and steel industries, which employ tens of thousands. Additionally, about one fifth of the country's [[gold]] and [[Jewellery|jewelry]] is made in Vicenza, greatly contributing to the city's economy. Another important sector is the [[engineering]]/[[Computer hardware|computer components]] industry ([[Federico Faggin]], the [[microprocessor]]'s co-inventor, was born in Vicenza).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federico Faggin - Engineering and Technology History Wiki |url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Federico_Faggin |website=Ieeeghn.org |access-date=1 December 2017}}</ref>

== History ==
{{For timeline}}
=== Roman era ===
Vicentia was settled by the Italic [[Euganei]] tribe and then by the Paleo-[[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] tribe in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Places: 393513 (Vicetia) |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/393513 |last1=Pearce|first1=M.|first2=R.|last2=Peretto|first3=P.|last3=Tozzi |last4=DARMC|first5=R.|last5=Talbert|first6=S.|last6=Gillies|first7=J.|last7=Åhlfeldt|first8=J.|last8=Becker|first9=T.|last9=Elliott |publisher=Pleiades |access-date=April 10, 2013}}</ref> The [[ancient Rome|Romans]] allied themselves with the Paleo-Veneti in their fight against the Celtic tribes that populated north-western Italy.
<ref>Polybius, 2.23.3; Strabo, ''Geog.'' 5.1.9</ref> The Roman presence in the area grew exponentially{{Citation needed}} over time and the Paleo-Veneti (whose culture mirrored Etruscan and Greek values more so than Celtic ones) were gradually assimilated. {{Citation needed}} In 157 BC, the city was a de facto Roman centre and was given the name of '''''Vicetia''''' or '''''Vincentia''''', meaning "victorious".

The citizens of Vicetia received [[Roman citizenship]] and were inscribed into the Roman tribe ''Romilia'' in 49 BC. The city was known for its agriculture, brickworks, marble quarry, and wool industry and had some importance as a way-station on the important road from ''[[Milan|Mediolanum]]'' (Milan) to [[Aquileia]], near ''Tergeste'' (Trieste), but it was overshadowed by its neighbor ''[[Patavium]]'' ([[Padua]]). Little survives of the Roman city, but three of the bridges across the [[Bacchiglione]] and Retrone rivers are of Roman origin, and isolated arches of a [[Roman aqueduct]] exist outside the ''Porta Santa Croce''.

During the decline of the [[Western Roman Empire]], [[Heruls]], [[Vandals]], [[Alaric I|Alaric]] and his [[Visigoths]], as well as the [[Huns]] laid waste to the area, but the city recovered after the [[Ostrogoth]] conquest in 489 AD, before being conquered by the [[Byzantine Empire]] soon after. It was also an important [[Lombards|Lombard]] city and then a [[Frankish Empire|Frankish]] center. Numerous [[Benedictine]] monasteries were built in the Vicenza area, beginning in the 6th century.

=== Middle Ages ===
In 899, Vicenza was destroyed by [[Hungarian people|Magyar]] raiders.

In 1001, [[Otto III]] handed over the government of the city to the [[bishop]], and its communal organization had an opportunity to develop, separating soon from the episcopal authority. It took an active part in the League with Verona and, most of all, in the [[Lombard League]] (1164–1167) against Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa|Frederick I Barbarossa]] compelling Padua and Treviso to join: its [[podestà]], [[Ezzelino III da Romano|Ezzelino II il Balbo]], was captain of the league. When peace was restored, however, the old rivalry with Padua, [[Bassano del Grappa|Bassano]], and other cities was renewed, besides which there were the internal factions of the Vivaresi ([[Ghibellines]]) and the Maltraversi ([[Guelphs]]).

The tyrannical [[Ezzelino III]] from Bassano drove the Guelphs out of Vicenza, and caused his brother, [[Alberico da Romano|Alberico]], to be elected podestà (1230). The independent [[medieval commune|commune]] joined the Second Lombard League against Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], and was sacked by that monarch (1237), after which it was annexed to Ezzelino's dominions. On his death the old oligarchic [[republic]] political structure was restored – a ''consiglio maggiore'' ("grand council") of four hundred members and a ''consiglio minore'' ("small council") of forty members – and it formed a league with Padua, [[Treviso]] and [[Verona]]. Three years later the Vicentines entrusted the protection of the city to [[Padua]], so as to safeguard republican liberty; but this protectorate (''custodia'') quickly became dominion, and for that reason Vicenza in 1311 submitted to the [[Scaligeri]] lords of [[Verona]], who fortified it against the [[Visconti of Milan]].

Vicenza [[War of Padua|came under the rule]] of the [[Republic of Venice]] in 1404, and its subsequent history is that of Venice. It was besieged by the [[Emperor Sigismund]], and [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] held possession of it in 1509 and 1516.

=== Early modern era ===
Vicenza was a candidate to host the [[Council of Trent]].

The 16th century was the time of [[Andrea Palladio]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Butler |first=Sophie |title=Vicenza: Who needs Venice? |work=Telegraph.co.uk |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6324511/Vicenza-Who-needs-Venice.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6324511/Vicenza-Who-needs-Venice.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=1 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> who left many outstanding examples of his art with palaces and villas in the city's territory, which before Palladio's passage, was arguably the most downtrodden and esthetically lacking city of the Veneto.

After the [[Fall of the Venetian Republic]] in 1797, under [[Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic]] rule, it was made a [[duché grand-fief]] (not a grand duchy, but a hereditary (extinguished in 1896), nominal duchy, a rare honor reserved for French officials) within Napoleon's personal [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] for general [[Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt|Caulaincourt]], also imperial Grand-Écuyer. One of the consequences of the city's occupation was the destruction of a prized silver model of the city, the [[Jewel of Vicenza]].

=== 19th century and later ===
After 1814, Vicenza passed to the [[Austrian Empire]]. In 1848, however, the populace rose against Austria, more violently than in any other Italian centre apart from Milan and Brescia (the city would receive the highest award for military valour for the courage displayed by revolutionaries in this period). As a part of the [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]], it was annexed to [[unification of Italy|Italy]] after the [[Austro-Prussian War|Third War of Italian independence]].

Vicenza's area was a location of major combat in both [[World War I]] (on the Asiago plateau) and [[World War II]] (a focal center of the Italian resistance), and it was the most damaged city in Veneto by [[Bombing of Vicenza in World War II|Allied bombings]], including many of its monuments; the civil victims were over 2,000. The end of World War II was followed by a period of depression, caused by the devastation during the two world wars. In the 1960s, the whole central part of Veneto, witnessed a strong economic development caused by the emergence of small and medium family businesses, ranging in a vast array of products (that often emerged illegally) that paved the way for what would be known as the ''"miracolo del nord-est"'' ("miracle of the northeast").
In the following years, the economic development grew vertiginously. Huge industrial areas sprouted around the city, massive and disorganized urbanization and employment of foreign immigrants increased.

Vicenza is home to the [[United States Army|US Army]] [[Military base|post]] [[Caserma Ederle]] (Camp Ederle), also known as the [[U.S. Army Garrison Vicenza]]. In 1965, [[Caserma Ederle]] became the [[headquarters]] of the Southern European Task Force, which includes the [[173d Airborne Brigade]]. In January 2006, the [[European Gendarmerie Force]] was inaugurated in Vicenza.

== Geography ==

=== Climate ===
{{Weather box
|location = Vicenza (1971–2000, extremes 1951–2008)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 15.9
|Feb record high C = 21.7
|Mar record high C = 26.8
|Apr record high C = 30.0
|May record high C = 34.8
|Jun record high C = 37.4
|Jul record high C = 37.4
|Aug record high C = 38.2
|Sep record high C = 33.2
|Oct record high C = 29.4
|Nov record high C = 24.4
|Dec record high C = 17.8
|year record high C = 38.2
|Jan high C = 7.0
|Feb high C = 9.3
|Mar high C = 13.5
|Apr high C = 17.3
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 26.2
|Jul high C = 29.1
|Aug high C = 28.7
|Sep high C = 24.3
|Oct high C = 18.4
|Nov high C = 11.8
|Dec high C = 7.5
|year high C = 18.0
|Jan mean C = 3.0
|Feb mean C = 4.6
|Mar mean C = 8.4
|Apr mean C = 12.1
|May mean C = 17.4
|Jun mean C = 20.8
|Jul mean C = 23.4
|Aug mean C = 22.9
|Sep mean C = 18.9
|Oct mean C = 13.5
|Nov mean C = 7.5
|Dec mean C = 3.5
|year mean C = 13.0
|Jan low C = −1.0
|Feb low C = −0.1
|Mar low C = 3.3
|Apr low C = 7.0
|May low C = 11.9
|Jun low C = 15.5
|Jul low C = 17.7
|Aug low C = 17.2
|Sep low C = 13.5
|Oct low C = 8.5
|Nov low C = 3.1
|Dec low C = −0.4
|year low C = 8.0
|Jan record low C = −20.0
|Feb record low C = −18.6
|Mar record low C = −10.0
|Apr record low C = −3.2
|May record low C = −0.8
|Jun record low C = 2.6
|Jul record low C = 9.5
|Aug record low C = 8.0
|Sep record low C = 3.8
|Oct record low C = −3.6
|Nov record low C = −8.0
|Dec record low C = −13.0
|year record low C = -20.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 76.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 67.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 76.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 97.3
|May precipitation mm = 100.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 104.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 74.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 79.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 92.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 115.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 93.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 81.5
|year precipitation mm =
|Jan humidity = 81
|Feb humidity = 77
|Mar humidity = 73
|Apr humidity = 74
|May humidity = 72
|Jun humidity = 73
|Jul humidity = 72
|Aug humidity = 73
|Sep humidity = 74
|Oct humidity = 78
|Nov humidity = 80
|Dec humidity = 82
|year humidity = 76
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 7.0
|Feb precipitation days = 5.0
|Mar precipitation days = 6.4
|Apr precipitation days = 9.5
|May precipitation days = 10.0
|Jun precipitation days = 9.3
|Jul precipitation days = 6.8
|Aug precipitation days = 6.7
|Sep precipitation days = 6.1
|Oct precipitation days = 7.5
|Nov precipitation days = 7.1
|Dec precipitation days = 6.4
|year precipitation days =
|source 1 = Servizio Meteorologico (humidity 1961–1990)<ref name="SM">{{Cite web |title=Vicenza (VI) |language=it|url=http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(094)Vicenza.pdf |website=Atlante climatico |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |access-date=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="SMsun">{{Cite web |title=STAZIONE 094 Vicenza: medie mensili periodo 61 – 90 |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/web_clima_sysman/Clino6190/CLINO094.txt |language=it|publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |access-date=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="extremes">{{Cite web |title=Vicenza: Record mensili dal 1951 al 2008 |url=http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/vicenza/ |language=it |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare |access-date=19 May 2015}}</ref>
|date=May 2015
}}

== Demographics ==
{{wide image|Vicenza - Panorama.jpg|1300px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view from Monte Berico}}

In 2007, there were 114,268 people residing in Vicenza, located in the province of Vicenza, [[Veneto]], of whom 47.6% were male and 52.4% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 17.17% of the population, compared to pensioners, who number 21.60%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The average age of Vicenza residents is 43 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Vicenza grew by 3.72%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT:2007 |language=it|url=http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html |publisher=Demo.istat.it |access-date=2012-05-06}}</ref> The current birth rate of Vicenza is 9.16 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.

{{Refimprove|paragraph}}
In 2010, 83.5% of the population was [[Italian people|Italian]]. From 1876 to 1976 it has been calculated that over 1,000,000 people from the province of Vicenza have emigrated, with more than 3,000,000 people of Vicentino descent living around the world (most common migrational currents included [[Brazil]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Belgium]] and [[Switzerland]]) escaping the devastation left by poverty, war and sickness. Today, almost 100,000 Vicenza citizens live and work abroad. Today, the city has morphed from a land of emigration to a land of immigration. The largest immigrant group comes from the [[United States]] (about 9,000 people, partly due to the presence of the [[Caserma Ederle|military base]]). Other ethnic minorities comes from other European nations (the largest being [[Serbia]], [[Romania]], and [[Moldova]]), [[South Asian]] (the largest being [[Bangladesh]] and [[Pakistan]]), [[sub-saharan Africa]], and [[North Africa]] (largest is from [[Morocco]]). The city is predominantly [[Roman Catholic]], but due to immigration, it now has some [[Eastern Orthodox|Orthodox Christian]], [[Muslim]] and [[Sikh]] followers.

==Government==
{{See also|List of mayors of Vicenza}}

== Architecture ==
[[File:Basilica Palladiana (Vicenza) - facade on Piazza dei signori.jpg|thumb|[[Basilica Palladiana]]]]
[[File:Basilica Palladiana.jpg|thumb|Basilica Palladiana with clock tower]]
[[File:Basilica palladiana nuova illuminazione.jpg|thumb|A night view of the Basilica Palladiana]]
[[File:Vicenza false street.JPG|thumb|The three-dimensional stage of the [[Teatro Olimpico]] in Vicenza]]
[[File:Palazzo Thiene Bonin Longare Vicenza centro storico.jpg|thumb|[[Palazzo Thiene Bonin Longare]], designed by Palladio and built by [[Vincenzo Scamozzi]]]]
[[File:Vicenza - Torre di Piazza Castello.jpg|thumb|Porta Castello Tower]]
[[File:Vicenza, World Heritage List.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaque for Vicenza in the UNESCO World Heritage List]]

In 1994 [[UNESCO]] inscribed "Vicenza, City of Palladio" on its list of [[World Heritage Site]]s. In 1996, the site was expanded to include the Palladian villas outside the core area, and accordingly renamed "[[City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto]]".

=== Palladio's works ===
Vicenza is home to twenty-three buildings designed by Palladio. Famous examples include:

* '''[[Villa La Rotonda|Villa Almerico Capra]]''' (also known as "La Rotonda"), located just outside the downtown area
* '''[[Basilica Palladiana]]''', centrally located in Vicenza's ''Piazza dei Signori'', of which Palladio himself said that "it might stand comparison with any similar work of antiquity"
* '''[[Teatro Olimpico]]''' ("'''Olympic Theater'''"), designed for the ''[[Accademia Olimpica]]'' (Olympic Academy) and begun to be built in 1580, when Palladio died. The wooden scenes are by [[Vincenzo Scamozzi]].
* '''[[Palazzo Chiericati]]''', home of the city pinacotheca
* '''[[Palazzo Barbaran da Porto]]''', home of the ''Museo Palladio''
* '''[[Palazzo del Capitaniato]]''', home of the city council
* '''[[Palazzo Porto, Vicenza|Palazzo Porto]]'''
* '''[[Palazzo Porto in Piazza Castello]]''' (incomplete)
* '''[[Palazzo Thiene Bonin Longare]]''' (built by Vincenzo Scamozzi)
* '''[[Palazzo Thiene]]'''
* '''[[Villa Gazzotti Grimani]]''', in the ''[[frazione]]'' Bertesina

=== Other sights ===
==== Churches ====
Some of the main historical churches:
* '''[[Cathedral of Vicenza]]''' ('''church of Santa Maria Annunciata'''), dating from early in the 11th century, and restored in the 13th, 16th, 19th and after the ruinous destruction of [[World War II]], possesses a number of paintings and sculptures, nearly all of them by Vicentine artists; the dome and north side door were designed by [[Andrea Palladio]].
* '''Basilica Sanctuary of Saint Mary of [[Monte Berico]]''': the structure was completed in two stages, creating two churches in different styles: the first in 1428 in Gothic style, the second in 1703 by [[Carlo Borella]], designed as a late-baroque style [[basilica]]. The adjacent convent, houses the large ''[[The Supper of Saint Gregory the Great]]'' canvas by [[Paolo Veronese]]. The bell tower (1826) was designed by Antonio Piovene. The basilica commemorates two apparitions of Our Lady to Vincenza Pasini, a pious woman who lived in a village in the province, and the liberation of the city from a terrible plague.
* '''[[Basilica of Santi Felice and Fortunato]]''': church built in the 4th century within a Roman cemetery and expanded in the 5th century to house the relics of the martyrs Felice and Fortunato. In the 9th century, the city, and the church, were razed by the [[Hungarians]]; by the 10th century, the church had been re-erected by the bishop Rodolfo with the support of [[Emperor Otto II]]. It has the layout of a [[paleochristian]] basilica, initially rectangular, then doubled in width and divided into three naves. After the Hungarian invasions, the [[Benedictines]] built a new baptistery and the semicircular apse, adding the bell tower and the rosette, as well as a series of blind arches and a Byzantine cross in front. In later centuries, the interiors underwent a radical alteration, enriching it with Baroque altars and decorations. A 20th century restoration removed many of these embellishments. Next to the church there is a small museum exhibition with archaeological finds from the church and from the nearby Roman [[necropolis]].
* '''[[Santa Corona (Vicenza)|Santa Corona]]''': one of the oldest and most important churches of the city, this 13th century church first endowed by the bishop of Verona, the Blessed Bartholomew of Breganze, to shelter one of the thorns from Christ's crown. It was under the purview of the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] after the death of [[Ezzelino III da Romano]]. It houses paintings by [[Bartolomeo Montagna|Montagna]] (''The Magdelene''), [[Giovanni Bellini|Bellini]] (''Baptism of Christ'') and others; the [[crypt]] hosts the Valmarana chapel by Palladio. The church underwent a major restoration in 2012.
* '''[[San Giorgio in Gogna]]''': one of the oldest churches in the city, built before the year 1000. with a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] facade. The outer walls consist of agglomerates of different materials (brick, stone, marble salvaged from other buildings) are clearly a demonstration of the origin of the construction craft, which can be seen especially in the polygonal apse. It was restored by the diocese in 2011.
* '''[[San Lorenzo (Vicenza)|San Lorenzo]]''' (1280): church built by [[minorites]] in mixed Gothic and Lombard Romanesque styles. Located along Corso Fogazzaro facing the central Piazza San Lorenzo, it hosts the tombs of illustrious Vicentines and is served by the Conventual Franciscans.
* '''[[Santa Maria Nova, Vicenza|Santa Maria Nova]]''': late 16th-century church is the only religious architecture designed and built by Palladio in Vicenza, apart from the Valmarana chapel and the limited interventions in the cathedral.
* '''[[Santa Maria in Araceli, Vicenza|Santa Maria in Araceli]]''' (1244): church later refurbished by [[Guarino Guarini|Guarini]] in Baroque style, formerly belonged to the [[Clarisses]], contains statues by [[Orazio Marinali]] and [[Giacomo Cassetti|Cassetti]], and the reproductions of original altarpieces by [[Piazzetta]] and [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo|Tiepolo]] (now at the Pinacotheca Civica).
* '''[[Santa Maria of the Servites (Vicenza)|Santa Maria of the Servites]]''': church in Piazza Biade adjacent to the Piazza dei Signori, was commissioned in the early 15th century by the order of the [[Servants of Mary]]. The church portal was executed in the studio where Andrea Palladio worked at the beginning of his career and would be one of his earliest works. In the [[cloister]] in 1319 took place miracles of St. [[Philip Benizi de Damiani]].
* '''[[Santa Maria Etiopissa, Vicenza|Santa Maria Etiopissa]]''' (1154): a simple stone and brick structure church.
* '''[[San Marco in San Girolamo]]''' (early 18th century): late baroque church built by the [[Discalced Carmelites]] on a previous convent and church of the [[Jesuati]]. The architect is unknown, but inside it is clear the influence of the style of the Venetian [[Giorgio Massari]]. After the Napoleonic abolition of the religious orders and their convents, it became in 1810 the church of San Marco, one of the oldest parishes in the city. It hosts many works by Vicentine and Venetian artists of the early 18th century, including some masterpieces. The sacristy preserves the complete original furniture of the time.
* '''[[San Vincenzo (Vicenza)|San Vincenzo]]''': church dedicated to Saint [[Vincent of Saragossa]] – ancient patron of Vicenza – overlooks Piazza dei Signori, facing the Basilica Palladiana, interrupting the smooth texture of the Palazzo del Monte di Pietà. The church was built from the 14th century to the 18th. The baroque façade (1614–1617) hosts two lodges with three arches, in [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] and composite style. The lodges are surmounted by a crown with Christ mourned by angels, by [[Giambattista Albamese]], also author of the five statues in the [[pediment]]. Behind the lodge there is the ancient church of 1387, offset in relation to the building that has incorporated, with the altar facing east. The interior of the church, as amended in 1499 and again in the 18th century by [[Francesco Muttoni]], was restored in the 1920s. It hosts the ark of Simone Sarego (14th century), the impressive altar, [[rococo]] work of Bernardo Tabacco, and the altar of Pietà, masterpiece of a young [[Orazio Marinali]] (1689). Within the porch, a red marble stele is engraved with the ancient official linear measures of the Community of Vicenza.
* '''[[Sant'Agostino (Vicenza)|Sant'Agostino]]''': church built upon older buildings in the 14th century, the ancient convent of Saint Augustine is located on the western outskirts of the city, giving its name to the parish and to the ''frazione''. The abbey church was rebuilt in Romanesque style during the rule of [[Can Grande della Scala]] between 1322 and 1357. The church has a rich decoration and a large altarpiece of 1404 by Battista da Vicenza.
* '''[[Oratory of San Nicola da Tolentino]]''': finished in 1678 on commission of the fraternity of St. Nicholas, it is a chapel that houses a series of paintings focused on the life of the saint, among the highest levels of the measured Baroque of Vicenza.
* '''The Churches of the Carmini''' (1372) and '''St. Catherine''' (1292), formerly belonging to the Humiliati, possess notable pictures.
* '''[[Santa Croce (Vicenza)|Santa Croce]]''' (1179)
* '''Santi Filippo and Giacomo''' (12th century)

==== Secular buildings ====
* The '''[[Torre Bissara]]''' ('''clock tower''') (1174), at 82 meters high, is one of the tallest buildings.
* The '''[[Biblioteca Civica Bertoliana]]''', a public library founded by Count Giovanni M. Bertolo and opened in 1708
* '''[[Casa Pigafetta]]''' (1440), house of [[Antonio Pigafetta]]
* The '''Pinacotheca Civica''' houses mainly Vicentine paintings in the Palladian [[Palazzo Chiericati]].

== Libraries ==
* '''[[Biblioteca Civica Bertoliana]]''', a public library founded by Count Giovanni M. Bertolo and opened in 1708
* '''[[International Library La Vigna]]''', a specialized library

== Economy and infrastructure ==
The surrounding country is predominantly agricultural. Major products are wine, wheat, corn, olive oil (in the Barbarano area) and cherries and asparagus are a particularity of Bassano. There are also quarries of marble, sulphur, copper, and silver mines, and beds of lignite and kaolin; mineral springs also abound, the most famous being those of Recoaro.

Massive industrial areas surround the city and extend extensively in the western and eastern hinterland, with numerous steel and textile factories located in the [[Montecchio Maggiore]], [[Chiampo]] and [[Sovizzo]] area in the west and [[Camisano Vicentino]] and [[Torri di Quartesolo]] in the east, areas characterised by a disorganised and extensive cementifaction.

Elitè sectors are the [[Jewellery|jewelry]] and [[clothing]] factories. Important vicentino clothing firms include: [[Diesel (company)|Diesel]], [[Pal Zileri]], [[Marzotto]], [[Bottega Veneta]], [[MCS (fashion brand)|Marlboro Classics]] etc. The Gold Exposition is world-famous and it takes place in Vicenza twice a year (January and September).

Other industries worthy of mention are the woollen and silk, pottery, tanneries, and musical instruments. The headquarters of the bicycle component manufacturer [[Campagnolo]] and the protective wear for sports manufacturer [[Dainese]] are located here.

== Transport ==
[[Vicenza railway station]], opened in 1846, forms part of the [[Milan–Venice railway]], and is also a [[junction (rail)|junction]] of two branch lines, to [[Vicenza–Schio railway|Schio]] and [[Vicenza–Treviso railway|Treviso]], respectively.

== Sport ==
Vicenza is home to [http://www.hurricanes.it Vicenza Hurricanes] American Football team which currently plays in [[:it:Lega Nazionale American Football|League 2]]. Founded in 2009, the Hurricanes have a junior team and a senior team with a roster of 35+ athletes.

Vicenza is home to football club [[L.R. Vicenza|L.R. Vicenza Virtus]], formerly Lanerossi Vicenza and Vicenza Calcio, which currently compete in [[Serie B]]. Their home venue is the [[Stadio Romeo Menti]].

Vicenza is home to Rangers Rugby Vicenza, A rugby union team who compete in Serie A2.

== Cuisine and popular dishes ==
{{Main|Cuisine of Vicenza}}
[[File:Baccala alla vicentina.jpg|thumb|A plate of ''[[baccalà alla vicentina]]'', a typical dish of the city]]
Vicenza's cuisine reflects its humble, agricultural past. Simple, hearty meals made with fresh local ingredients that reflect the province's geographical diversity.

Unlike Venetian cuisine where fish reigns supreme, game meat, cheeses and vegetables take center stage accompanied by polenta, soft from the stove or day-old sliced and grilled over the fireplace embers, better yet cooked in a pan under the spit where it lightly fries in meat drippings to create a crunchy golden outer crust.

Vicenza is known for its simple dishes, and often famous cheeses, fruits, ingredients and wines, such as sopressa vicentina, [[Asiago cheese]], [[Marostica]] cherries, Nanto truffles, Bassano asparagus and [[Breganze Cabernet]] wine.

* ''[[Baccalà alla vicentina]]''
* ''Risi e bisi'' (rice and green peas)
* ''[[Polenta e Osei|Polenta e osei]]''
* ''Bigoli all'arna'' (thick fresh egg noodles with duck ragout)
* ''Putana'' (in this case not the vulgar term meaning "whore", but a fruit cake traditionally made with poor ingredients such as old bread or polenta and dried fruit such as raisins)

The inhabitants of Vicenza are jokingly referred to by other Italians as ''mangiagatti'', or "cat eaters". Purportedly, Vicentini turned to cats for sustenance during times of famine, such as during [[World War II]].

== Notable residents ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[The Bloody Beetroots|The Bloody Beetroots – Death Crew 77]], band
* Tekoser Malatesta, [[YPG International]] fighter
* [[Amy Adams]], [[United States|American]] actress, born in Vicenza
* [[Lewis Albanese]]. A [[Medal of Honor]] recipient during Vietnam War.
* [[Giovanni Maria Angiolello]], traveller and historian
* [[Francesco Aviani]], painter
* [[Sebastiano Carlise]], singer and writer
* [[Josephine Bakhita|Giuseppina Bakhita]], saint
* [[Flavio Albanese]], architect
* [[Roberto Baggio]], football player
* [[Fernando Bandini]], writer
* [[Valerio Belli]], sculptor and engraver
* [[Maria Bertilla Boscardin]], saint
* [[Ottavio Bertotti Scamozzi]], architect
* [[Miki Biasion]], rally driver
* [[CutiePieMarzia|Marzia Bisognin]], [[YouTube]] celebrity
* [[Gelindo Bordin]], athlete
* [[Roberto Busa]], religious and informatic engineer
* [[Aulus Caecina Alienus]], Roman general
* [[Tullio Campagnolo|Gentullio "Tullio" Campagnolo]], bicycle component maker and inventor
* [[Domenico Cerato]], priest and architect
* [[Francesco Chieregati]], papal nuncio and bishop
* [[Bartolomeo Cittadella]], painter
* [[Carlo Cracco]], chef and television personality
* [[Luigi Da Porto]], writer
* [[Alby Sabrina Pretto]], ballerina
* [[Almerico da Schio]], astronomer and inventor
* [[Otello De Maria]], painter
* [[Ilvo Diamanti]], political scientist
* [[Federico Faggin]], inventor
* [[Adolfo Farsari]], photographer
* [[Ferreto dei Ferreti]], historian (14th century)
* [[Antonio Fogazzaro]], writer
* [[Antonio Giuriolo]], partisan
* [[Graziano Giacomello]], musician, composer, producer and artisan bag designer
* [[Jessie James]], singer
* [[Fedele Lampertico]], economist, writer and politician
* [[Niccolò Leoniceno]], medic
* [[Paolo Lioy]], naturalist
* [[Luigi Meneghello]], writer (professor at [[Reading University]])
* [[Romeo Menti]], football player of the [[Grande Torino]], died in the [[Superga air disaster]]
* [[Francesco Muttoni]], architect
* [[Andrea Palladio]], architect
* [[Goffredo Parise]], writer
* [[Antonio Pigafetta]], explorer, companion of [[Ferdinand Magellan]]
* [[Guido Piovene]], journalist and writer
* [[Joseph Pivato]], Canadian writer and academic, born in Tezze sul Brenta
* [[Orlando Pizzolato]], athlete
* [[Sergio Romano (writer)|Sergio Romano]], diplomat and historian
* [[Paolo Rossi]], football player
* [[Mariano Rumor]], politician
* [[Sonia Gandhi]], Indian politician, wife of former Indian Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
* [[Flo Sandon's]], singer
* [[Vincenzo Scamozzi]], architect
* [[Gian Antonio Stella]], journalist and writer
* [[Sharon Tate]], American actress and model. She attended Vicenza American High School.
* [[Tiziano Treu]], politician
* [[Vitaliano Trevisan]], writer and actor
* [[Gian Giorgio Trissino]], humanist and poet (1478–1553)
* [[Antonio Turra]], botanist and physician (1736–1797)
* [[Guido Vedovato]], painter
* [[Nicola Vicentino]], theorist and composer
* [[Giacomo Zanella]], writer and priest
{{div col end}}

== International relations ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

=== Sister cities ===
Vicenza is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|France}} '''[[Annecy]]''', [[France]] (1995)
* {{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Pforzheim]]''', [[Germany]] (1991)
* {{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} '''[[Wuxi]]''', [[China]] (2006)<ref>{{Cite web |title=中国无锡·无锡市人民政府外事办公室·维琴察市 (Vicenza, Italy) |language=zh |url=http://fao.wuxi.gov.cn/web101/gjyc/wxs/629849.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102031354/http://fao.wuxi.gov.cn/web101/gjyc/wxs/629849.shtml |archive-date=2013-11-02 |access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United States}} '''[[Cleveland]]''', [[Ohio]], [[United States]] (2009)<ref name="Cleveland sisters">{{Cite web |title=Sister Cities International (SCI) |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Cleveland,%20Ohio |publisher=Sister-cities.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613003251/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Cleveland%2C%20Ohio |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2013-04-21}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vicenza]]

== References ==
=== General sources ===
{{See also|Timeline of Vicenza#Bibliography}}
* {{Catholic|wstitle=Diocese of Vicenza}}
* {{EB1911 |wstitle=Vicenza |volume=28 |page=20 |first=Thomas |last=Ashby |author-link=Thomas Ashby}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.comune.vicenza.it/ Official site of the comune]
* [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/napoleon.htm#duches Heraldica.org Napoleonic heraldry]
* [http://www.webvisionitaly.com/category.php?id=248&ref_genre=&ref_item=416 Video introduction to Teatro Olimpico by Andrea Palladio]
* [http://www.vicenza.com Vicenza city web Portal | VICENZA.COM]
* [http://www.vicenza.com/guida Guide of Vicenza | VICENZA.COM]
* [http://www.vicenza.com/servizi/webcam/index.php Webcam on Vicenza's main square Piazza dei Signori, viewing the Basilica Palladiana of Andrea Palladio | VICENZA.COM]
* [http://www.vicenza.com/eventi-oggi Vicenza events calendar | VICENZA.COM]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130728082910/http://www.italiaoutdoors.com/vicenza-province Vicenza Outdoor Activities]

{{World Heritage Sites in Italy}}
{{Andrea Palladio}}
{{Province of Vicenza}}
{{Cities in Italy}}
{{Subject bar|Italy|European Union|Europe |commons=y |voy=y}}

[[Category:Vicenza| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Veneto]]
[[Category:Territories of the Republic of Venice]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy]]

Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso

2022-08-10T14:44:57Z

Trikesh DAMOR: Fresh article draft.

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso
| native_name =
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| legislature =
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| foundation = June 1991
| disbanded = January 2002
| house_type = Upper chamber
| body = National Assembly of Burkina Faso
| houses =
| members = 132
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| house2 =
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| structure1 =
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| meeting_place = [[Ouagadougou]], Burkina Faso
| website =
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}}
{{Politics of Burkina Faso}}
'''Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso''' was the upper house of the bicameral legislature of [[Burkina Faso]] from 1991 to 2002.

The upper chamber was established in June 1991 by the [[Constitution of Burkina Faso|constitution]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/statutan.htm |title=L'assemblée nationale : création et statut |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010421040254fw_/http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/statutan.htm |archive-date=21 April 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It had 132 members.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/pdtch_r.htm |title=Le président de la chambre des représentants |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020203022243fw_/http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/pdtch_r.htm |archive-date=3 February 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The members were elected with indirect elections from provincial councils, religious communities, trade unions, universities, NGOs, and other interest groups. Four members were appointed by the [[President of Burkina Faso]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/creationch_r.htm |title=La chambre des représentants : création - composition et mode de désignation |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010630220000fw_/http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/creationch_r.htm |archive-date=30 June 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The chamber had advisory role on legislation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/attribch_r.htm |title=La chambre des représentants : attributions - missions - fonctionnement |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010630215336fw_/http://www.primature.gov.bf/republic/attribch_r.htm |archive-date=30 June 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The upper chamber was abolished in January 2002.

== Presidents ==
{| class="wikitable"
! President of the Chamber
! Period
! Notes
|-
|[[Abdoulkader Cissé]]
|December 1995 - January 1999
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.aouaga.com/h/9542.html|title=Moussa Sanogo, ancien président de la Chambre des représentants : " Avec le Sénat, la Chambre des représentants a été réhabilitée "|website=aOuaga.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h10msjtHYycC|title=Constitutional and Parliamentary Information|first=Inter-parliamentary|last=Union|publisher=Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments.|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
|[[Burkina Faso|Moussa Sanogo]]
|January 1999 - January 2002
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ekXY2d6WQgC|title = Burkina Faso Foreign Policy and Government Guide|date = 7 February 2007|isbn = 9781433004780}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
|}

==See also==
*[[Politics of Burkina Faso]]
*[[List of legislatures by country]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Politics of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Defunct national legislatures]]
[[Category:National legislatures|Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in Burkina Faso]]

{{BurkinaFaso-stub}}