Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Adithya RK

2026-05-02T18:15:11Z

Trevor51P0492: starting first details added tags

{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=February 2026}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{Short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Adithya RK
| image =
| caption = Adithya RK in 2025
| birth_name = Adithya Radhakrishnan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|05|02|df=yes}}
| origin = India
| occupation = [[Playback singer]], [[Music Composer]]
| years_active = 2021–present
| genre = {{hlist|[[Film score]]|[[independent music]]}}
| instrument = Vocals
| website = 
}}

'''Adithya RK''' is an Indian [[playback singer]], [[music composer]] who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema]] and [[Telugu cinema]]. He gained recognition for his vocal performances in several successful films, with notable songs featured in ''[[Don (2022 film)|Don]]'', ''[[Jawan (2023 film)|Jawan]]'', and ''[[Das Ka Dhamki]]''. Known for his versatile singing style, Adithya RK has contributed to Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam and Kannada tracks.

== Personal life ==
'''Adithya RK''' (also known as RK Adithya or Adithya Krishnan) was born and brought up in [[Chennai|Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], to Krishnan and [[Meera Krishnan]], an [[Actress|Indian actress]] known for her work in Tamil-language films and television serials. She is also a good [[veena]] player. He has an elder sister named Akshaya.

His father Krishnan runs the recording studio Shruthilaya in [[Chennai]].

He completed his graduation at [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]], Chennai

== Career ==
[[Super Singer (Tamil TV series)|Super Singer Season 8]] fame Adithya RK made his playback debut with the song "Bae" from the film ''[[Don (2022 film)|Don]]'' (2022), composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-12 |title=After singing for Anirudh, I am getting a lot of good opportunities: RK Adithya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/after-singing-for-anirudh-i-am-getting-a-lot-of-good-opportunities-rk-adithya/articleshow/90162784.cms |access-date=2025-08-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He rose to popularity with the song "Chalona" in the Telugu version of ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]'' (2023), and continued his career with multiple singles and film songs in both Tamil and Telugu.

His vocals have been featured in romantic melodies, upbeat dance numbers and emotional tracks. He frequently collaborates with composers like [[Anirudh Ravichander]] and [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]].

== Discography ==

=== Film songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of film songs sung by Adithya RK
|-
! Year !! Song !! Language !! Film !! Composer !! Ref.
|-
|2021
|"Bandhame"
|Telugu
|''[[Doctor (2021 film)|Doctor]] '''(D)'''''
| [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2022
|"Friendship Song"
|rowspan="2"|Kannada
|rowspan="2"|''[[Lucky Man (2022 film)|Lucky Man]]''
|rowspan="2"|V2 Vijay Vicky
|
|-
|"Dhoora Dhoora"
|
|-
|"Kanna Kanna"
|rowspan="2"|Tamil
|''[[Vattam]]''
|Nivas K. Prasanna
|
|-
|"Thaathi Kadhali"
|''Oru Kalainganin Diary''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | "Bae" || Tamil Telugu|| rowspan="2" | ''[[Don (2022 film)|Don]]''|| rowspan="3" | [[Anirudh Ravichander]] || rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-03 |title=Bae: Second single from Sivakarthikeyan's Don out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/Feb/03/bae-second-single-from-sivakarthikeyans-don-out-29505.html |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |Telugu
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2023 || "Chalona" || ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chalona from Jawan – King of romance is back |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/chalona-from-jawan-king-of-romance-is-back.html |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=123telugu.com}}</ref>
|-
| "Almost Padipoyindhe Pilla" || ''[[Das Ka Dhamki]]'' || [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]] ||
|-
|"Nalo Nena Natho Nena"
|''Men Too''
|Elisha Praveen
|
|-
|"Kuru Kuru"
|rowspan="5" |Tamil
|rowspan="2" |''[[Kannai Nambathey]]''
|rowspan="2" |Siddhu Kumar
|
|-
|"Engu Pogirom"
|
|-
|"Sakkaraiya"
|''Oh Butterfly ''
|Satthia Nallaiah
|
|-
|"Love Panna Podhume"
|''Locker''
|Vykunth Srinivasan
|
|-
|"Pala Mukhangal"
|''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]'' '''''(D)'''''
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|
|-
|rowspan="8"| 2024 || "Naa Favourite Naa Pellam" || Telugu || ''[[Janaka Aithe Ganaka]]'' || [[Vijai Bulganin]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-19 |title='Naa Favourite Naa Pellaame' from Janaka Aithe Ganaka is a breezy love song |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/19/naa-favourite-naa-pellaame-from-janaka-aithe-ganaka-is-a-breezy-love-song |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|"Hey Azhaghiye"
| rowspan="11" |Tamil
|''Rekkai Mulaithen''
| Theeson
|
|-
| "Udaiyathe"
|''[[Laandhar]]''
|M.S.Praveen
|
|-
| "Hey Nainika"
|''[[Teenz]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[D. Imman|D.Imman]]
|
|-
|"Vittukoduthu poda"
|''[[2K Love Story]]''
|
|-
|"Shooting Star"
|''Star''
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|
|-
|"Ennadi Kannamma"
|''Baa Baa Black Sheep''
|Santhosh Dhayanidhi
|
|-
|"Valikudhey"
|''Sharada - Rori Edition 1''
|V2 Vijay Vicky
|
|-
| rowspan="20" | 2025 || "Kaadhal Sadugudu" || ''[[Madraskaaran]]'' || [[Sam C. S.]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title='Kaadhal Sadugudu' remix song from Madraskaaran out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/08/kaadhal-sadugudu-remix-song-from-madraskaaran-out |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| "Lavender Neramae" || rowspan="2" | ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (2025 film)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]'' || rowspan="4" | [[A. R. Rahman]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-18 |title=Lavender neramae song from Kadhalikka Neramillai released |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ta/!entertainment/ar-rahman-musical-jayam-ravi-starrer-kadhalikka-neramillai-second-single-released-tamil-nadu-news-tns24121805026 |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>
|-
| "It's a breakup da!" ||
|-
| "Jinguchaa" || rowspan="2" | ''[[Thug Life (2025 film)|Thug Life]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Ashwin |date=2025-04-18 |title='Jinguchaa' from Mani Ratnam's Thug Life is a groovy wedding number |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/18/jingucha-from-mani-ratnams-thug-life-is-a-groovy-wedding-number |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
| "O Maara" || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|-
| "Kannamma" || ''[[Beauty (2025 film)|Beauty]]''|| [[Vijai Bulganin]] || <ref>{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2025-04-06 |title=First single 'Kannamma' from Beauty is a soulful melody |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Apr/06/first-single-kannamma-from-beauty-is-a-soulful-melody |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|"Icchukundam Baby"
|''[[Laila (2025 film)|Laila]]''
|[[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]]
|
|-
| "Minnali" || rowspan="5"| Tamil || ''[[House Mates]]'' || [[Rajesh Murugesan]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-27 |title=First single 'Minnali' from House Mates released |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/first-single-minnali-from-darshan-kaali-venkat-starrer-house-mates-released-841338 |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=DT Next}}</ref>
|-
| "Santhosha Saaral Mazhai"
|''[[Mr Zoo Keeper|Mr. Zoo Keeper]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|
|-
|"Oruthi"
|''[[Sweetheart!]]''
|
|-
| "Jillelama" || ''[[Kiss (2025 film)|Kiss]]'' || Jen Martin || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiss {{!}} Song - Jillelama (Lyrical) |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/tamil/kiss-song-jillelama-lyrical/videoshow/121954461.cms |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|"Hey Penne"
|''Haal''
|Nandhagopan V
|
|-
|"Kaise Karu"
|Hindi
|rowspan="4"|''[[Madharaasi]]'' '''''(D)'''''
|rowspan="4"|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|
|-
|"Ullake Odippoyi"
|Malayalam
|
|-
|"Thara Thara"
|Kannada
|
|-
|"Varadhalle"
|rowspan="2"|Telugu
|
|-
|"Pedavula Thadi"
|''Virgin Boys''
|Smaran Sai
|
|-
|"Theerum Kadhal"
| rowspan="4" |Tamil
|''[[Aaromaley]]''
|[[Siddhu Kumar]]
|
|-
| "Oh Kadhale"
|''[[Tere Ishk Mein]]'' '''''(D)'''''
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|-
|"Thaaraga Thugalaa"
|''The Black Bible''
|Aswin Krishna
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2026
|"Marandhu Poche"
|''[[With Love (2026 film)|With Love]]''
|[[Sean Roldan]]
|
|-
|"Modalainthile"
|Telugu
|''[[Dhurandhar]]'' '''''(D)'''''
| Shashwat Sachdeva
|
|}

=== Independent music videos and singles ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of non-film songs/music videos featuring Adithya RK
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Composer
!Ref
|-
|2021
|"Poonja Kannazhagi"
|rowspan="8" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|Biju Sam
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2022 || "Amour" || Pranav Aditya & Sanjay Prashadh K R
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Latest Tamil Official Music Video Song 'Amour' Sung by Adithya RK |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/tamil/amour-music-video-adithya-rk-aaliya-hayath-pranav-aditya-sanjay-prashadh-k-r/videoshow/91106994.cms |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Sengandhal Penne"
|Vedshanker Sugavanam
|
|-
| "Dhandasoru"
| Himself
|
|-
|"Inneram Indha Neram"
|rowspan="2"|[[Vijai Bulganin]]
|
|-
|"Madhubala"
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2023 || "Adiye Paduthadha" ||V2 Vijay Vicky
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Latest Tamil Official Music Video Song 'Adiye Pogathe' Sung by Adithya RK And Anusha Haneef |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/tamil/watch-latest-tamil-official-music-video-song-adiye-pogathe-sung-by-adithya-rk-and-anusha-haneef/videoshow/97052671.cms |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| "Enjotti"
| [[Dharan Kumar]]
|
|-
|"Ole Ole"
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Suresh Banisetti
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Check Out Latest Telugu Song 'Ole Ole' (Teaser) Sung By Adithya RK And Pavani Vasa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/check-out-latest-telugu-song-ole-ole-teaser-sung-by-adithya-rk-and-pavani-vasa/videoshow/104301133.cms |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Hey Siri"
|rowspan="14" | Tamil
|Kiran Surath N
|
|-
|"Mazhai Thuligal"
|Kaushik Ganesan
|
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2024 || "Unnai Saranadainthen" || [[Deva (composer)|Thenisai Thendral Deva]]
|
|-
|"Unnai Enni"
|Himself
|
|-
|"Dream Girl"
|Ilamaran
|
|-
|"Thedi Thedi Paathen"
|V Mathiyalagan
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 2025
| "I'm from Ulundurpettai" || Sagishna Xavier
|
|-
| "Idhu Kaadhal Dhaane" || Himself
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enjoy The New Tamil Music Video For 'Idhu Kaadhal Dhaane' By Adithya RK |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/tamil/enjoy-the-new-tamil-music-video-for-idhu-kaadhal-dhaane-by-adithya-rk/videoshow/106799544.cms |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| "First Sight" || Beatzup Tamizha
|
|-
| "Hey Dolly" || JEY
|
|-
|"Allah"
|Pavan
|
|-
|"Nee Irundhal"
|
|
|-
|"Soul"
|[[Ku Karthik|Ku. Karthik]]
|
|-
|"Nizhal"
|Nandhagopan V
|
|-
|"Pim Pom"
|Tamil Telugu
|L.V. Muthu Ganesh
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|2026
|"Oru Aayiram Varudangal"
|Tamil
| rowspan="3"|Himself
|
|-
|"Nee Parichayame"
|Telugu
|rowspan="2"| Dubbed version of ''"Oru Aayiram Varudangal"''
|-
|"Akela Dil"
|Hindi
|}

== Filmography ==
=== Web Series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| 2026
| Liplock
|
|
|
|}

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm14952413}}
* {{Instagram|id=adithyark.music}}
* [https://youtube.com/@adithyarkmusic?si=35Op22D-hFwk1T14 Adithya RK] on [[YouTube]]

== Categories ==

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:1998 births]]

Great Nicobar Island Development Project

2026-05-01T03:51:45Z

Trevor51P0492: put up

{{Short description|Planned project in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
[[File:GreatNicobarBiosphereMap.jpg|thumbnail|Great Nicobar Biosphere map]]

The '''Great Nicobar Island Development Project''' is a large infrastructure initiative proposed by the Government of India for Great Nicobar Island in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], aimed at building an international container transshipment terminal, a dual‑use civil and military airport, a power plant and a township. The project is intended to strengthen India’s strategic presence in the Indian Ocean region and reduce reliance on foreign transshipment hubs by leveraging the island’s proximity to major shipping routes such as the Strait of Malacca.<ref>{{cite web|title=No intention to vitiate environment, says government about Great Nicobar mega project|publisher=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/have-no-intention-to-vitiate-environment-says-great-nicobar-mega-project-101637976932607.html|access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref>

The proposal has attracted scrutiny from environmental groups, researchers and opposition politicians over concerns about its ecological impacts, including forest diversion, effects on coastal and marine ecosystems, and potential impacts on indigenous communities such as the Shompen and Nicobarese peoples.<ref name="nonsense">{{Cite web |last=Sirur |first=Simrin |date=30 January 2022 |title=Govt vision for Great Nicobar includes airport & township, some experts think it's 'nonsense' |url=https://theprint.in/environment/govt-vision-for-great-nicobar-includes-airport-township-some-experts-think-its-nonsense/814390/ |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
A feasibility report, commissioned by NITI Aayog, was prepared by [[AECOM|AECOM India]]. On 25 May 2021, terms of reference of project was granted after meeting held by Expert Appraisal Committee.<ref name="nonsense" /><ref name="Mongabay">{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=T. |title=Environmental path cleared for Great Nicobar mega project |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2022/10/maps-environmental-path-cleared-for-great-nicobar-mega-project/ |access-date=18 October 2022 |publisher=Mongabay |date=10 October 2022}}</ref>

== Geography==
Excluding the area from [[Campbell Bay, Great Nicobar|Campbell Bay]] on eastern side of the island to the Galathea Bay in the south and the whole southern tip, the rest of [[Great Nicobar Island]] is part of [[Galathea National Park]] and the larger [[Campbell Bay National Park]].<ref name=crush1/> Galathea River, flowing north to south, meets the [[Indian Ocean]] at Galathea Bay.<ref name=noname2>[https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/andaman-nicobar-forest-department-removes-turtle-hatchery-mega-port-galathea/article69336306.ece Are Giant Leatherback hatchlings from Galathea Bay being relocated?], The Hindu, 16 March 2025.</ref> [[Indira Point]] adjacent to the Galathea Bay, India's southernmost point,<ref name=noname1>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/qfOwXAXcS6ErHfj5Zq3eTL/Nicobars-bicycle-diaries.html|title=Nicobar's bicycle diaries}}</ref> is 145 km or 80 nautical miles north of Indonesia's northernmost island, [[Rondo Island]] in [[Sabang, Indonesia|Sabang]] district of [[Aceh]] province of [[Sumatra]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indonesia-tourism.com/blog/2012/05/rondo-island-the-rich-uninhabited-island/ |title=Rondo Island, The Rich Uninhabited Island |access-date=19 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103172516/http://indonesia-tourism.com/blog/2012/05/rondo-island-the-rich-uninhabited-island/ |archive-date=3 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> near to which is Indonesia's deep sea port, [[Sabang, Indonesia|Sabang]] (612 km or 330 nautical miles south of Indira Point), jointly upgraded by India and Indonesia in 2019 under the strategic military and economic collaboration to protect the channel between Great Nicobar Island and Rondo Island.<ref name=portbuild1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-seeks-to-aid-indonesia-in-developing-port-in-aceh/articleshow/64214909.cms India seeks to aid Indonesia in developing port in Aceh], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 19 May 2018.</ref>

Great Nicobar sits atop a major [[seismic]] fault line: an [[earthquake]] with its epicenter around 80 miles from Great Nicobar contributed to the tsunami in 2004, which killed 230,000 people and displaced millions in [[Indonesia]], India, and [[Sri Lanka]]. The day the [[tsunami]] struck, Great Nicobar’s southern tip sank by around 15 feet, slipping into the ocean. Most settlements on its coast were washed away. The seismic faultline continues to be active. In July 2025, a geologist warned that an ongoing cluster of smaller earthquakes near the Nicobar Islands could signal a [[volcanic eruption]] in the [[Andaman Sea]]. This raises fears of another [[tsunami]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rajshekhar |first=M |date=11 September 2025 |title=Modi's Mega Projects Could Destroy Great Nicobar Island |url=https://time.com/7316182/modi-destroy-great-nicobar-island/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2025 |magazine=TIME}}</ref>

Holistic Master Plan for this project, outside the [[Galathea National Park]], covers an area of 166.10 sq km covering seven revenue villages, which fall under the jurisdiction of three Gram Panchayats.<ref name="gram1">[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/two-gram-panchayats-give-consent-to-great-nicobar-infrastructure-project-101741405815074.html Two gram panchayats give consent to Great Nicobar infrastructure project], Hindustan Times, 8 March 2025.</ref>

==Project==
The total project cost is ₹75,000 crore (US$9.4 b in 2022)<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web |date=27 November 2022 |title=Trees to be planted in Haryana's Aravallis to make for forest loss in Nicobar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/trees-to-be-planted-in-haryana-s-aravallis-to-make-for-forest-loss-in-nicobar-due-to-infra-projects-101669573756590.html |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and corrected to ₹81,000 crore<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pardikar |first=Rishika |date=4 April 2025 |title=Great Nicobar: Tribal lands don't show up on maps as Union govt pushes mega project |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/great-nicobar-tribal-lands-dont-show-up-on-maps-as-union-govt-pushes-mega-project |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=The News Minute}}</ref> in 2025, was conceived by [[NITI Aayog]] and is being developed by Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation (ANIIDC).<ref name="Nod">{{cite news |title=Green nod for strategically-crucial Great Nicobar Island mega project, around 8.5 lakh trees to be felled |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/sep/21/green-nod-for-strategically-crucial-great-nicobar-island-mega-project-around-85-lakh-trees-to-be-f-2500539.html |access-date=18 October 2022 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=21 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="nonsense" /> offering [[Andaman and Nicobar Command|geostrategic importance]] for defence, logistics, commerce and industries, eco-tourism, coastal tourism, and [[Coastal Regulation Zone]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=T. |title=In maps: The extent of destruction being unleashed on the forests of Great Nicobar Island |url=https://scroll.in/article/1034761/in-maps-the-extent-of-destruction-being-unleashed-on-the-forests-of-great-nicobar-island |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=Scroll.in}}</ref> The project, to be completed in phases over 30 years,<ref name=numroh1/> includes:
# [[International Container Transshipment Terminal, Great Nicobar Island|Galathea Bay International Container Transhipment Terminal]] (Galathea Bay ICTT) on eastern side of Galathea Bay with total 16 million [[twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] (twenty-foot equivalent units of cargo) capacity,<ref name="nonsense" /> with phase-I capacity of 4 million TEUs.<ref name=tbid1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/bids-for-andamans-rs-41000-crore-mega-port-project-open-today/articleshow/97383834.cms Bids for Andaman's Rs 41,000-crore mega port project open today.], Economic Times, 28 January 2023.</ref><ref name=crush1/>
# '''Great Nicobar International Airport''' (GNIA), a greenfield airport on immediate northeast side of Galathea Bay with peak hour capacity of 4,000 passengers.<ref name="nonsense" /><ref name=crush1/>
# '''Great Nicobar Gas and Solar Power Plant''' (Great Nicobar GSPP) on immediate northwest side of and Galathea Bay with 450 MVA capacity, spread over 16,610 hectares.<ref name="nonsense" /><ref name=crush1/>
# Two new greenfield coastal cities<ref name="nonsense" /> one on the southeast side of the Great Nicobar Island between Campbell Bay and Galathea Bay and another on southwest side of the Great Nicobar Island to the west of Galathea Bay.<ref name=crush1/>

Other project components also include:
# Cruise Ship Terminal<ref name=crush1>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/great-nicobar-tribal-lands-dont-show-up-on-maps-as-union-govt-pushes-mega-project Great Nicobar: Tribal lands don't show up on maps as Union govt pushes mega project], thenewsminute.com, 4 Apr2025.</ref>
# Luxury Tourism Resorts Hub.
# Industrial Hub.<ref name=numroh1>[https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/fears-loom-over-india-s-hong-kong-project-on-a-remote-island/ar-AA1vuNzn?ocid=BingNewsVerp Fears loom over India's 'Hong Kong' project on a remote island], MSN, accsessed 8 April 2025.</ref>

==Existing infrastructure==
[[File:INS Baaz bird's eye view.jpg|thumbnail|INS Baaz bird's eye view.]]

[[INS Baaz]] naval base with existing airstrip at Campbell Bay, under the [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]], connects island with [[Car Nicobar Air Force Base|Car Nicobar]] and [[Veer Savarkar International Airport|Port Blair]] Air bases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Campbell Bay Airport – VO94 – Airport Guide |url=https://airportguide.com/airport/info/VO94 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=AirportGuide |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=4 Airports/Airstrips & 6 Water Aerodromes in Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Island Region up for Bidding under UDAN 4.0 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1595633 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==Environmental impact==
{{see also | Andaman and Nicobar Environmental Team | Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology }}

After weighing the following pros and cons, benefits, risk and mitigation strategies, the project was granted the environmental clearance by the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] (MoEFCC)'s Expert Appraisal Committee in November 2022.<ref name=enva1>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Clearance by GoI MoE |url=http://environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=mfeaYaYbdxRbeR8PGLUycwXyG0OWE2QWwm72WXjOAxHQbrEhaMSFRfBrbP1c1ckmdhZ1B7qes6LgOQOuwF2N5mJ2kxDbKrCShi1WB4/MMxE=&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg+HAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzXmG8GlihX6H9UP1HygCn3pCkAF2zPFXFQNqA4krKa1Aw==&ved=2ahUKEwjIq7C86-j6AhUXcWwGHbcMDUU4ChAWegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw2FGW_eIuNnk_WMJzmLW0Lw |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=www.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Strategic important project: MoEF gives green clearance for Centre's Rs 72,000 crore project in Greater Nicobar island |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/strategic-important-project-moef-gives-green-clearance-for-centres-rs-72000-crore-project-in-greater-nicobar-island-8259559/ |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

===Flora and tree felling===
The project involves large‑scale diversion of forest land for infrastructure development, including a transshipment terminal, airport, township and associated facilities. According to the Government of India’s response to a parliamentary question, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change estimated that approximately **964,000 trees (about 9.64 lakh)** would be affected by tree felling associated with the project’s forest land diversion, based on figures provided by the junior environment minister in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Great Nicobar project given nod after meticulous diligence, tribal rights will be protected: Bhupender Yadav|publisher=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/great-nicobar-project-nod-tribal-rights-bhupender-yadav-9531045/|access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref>

These estimates come from official annexures and responses on the environment ministry’s website, which stated that the number of trees to be felled would be about 852,245, with the figure of less than 964,000 based on the proportion of cleared forest area where felling is envisaged.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nicobar Islands: Government underestimating how many trees will be cut for Great Nicobar project|publisher=Scroll.in|url=https://scroll.in/article/1074221/1-crore-trees-not-8-5-lakh-could-be-cut-for-great-nicobar-project-one-ecologist-estimates|access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref>

Some independent scientists have expressed concern that these official estimates may be underestimates, arguing that forest density in parts of Great Nicobar is higher than assumed and that actual tree loss could be significantly greater if denser stands are cleared, potentially affecting millions of trees.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hidden impact: How many trees will Great Nicobar really lose?|publisher=Scroll.in Newsletter|url=https://newsletter.scroll.in/post/475904/Hidden-impact-How-many-trees-will-Great-Nicobar-really-lose|access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref>

===Coral===
The Zoological Survey of India’s (ZSI) 2021 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project noted that coral colonies within parts of the proposed construction area would need to be translocated to mitigate impacts.<ref name="scrollcorals">{{cite web|last=Rathore|first=Vaishnavi|title=How Nicobar's corals disappeared on government maps|publisher=Scroll.in|date=23 October 2025|url=https://scroll.in/article/1087919/how-nicobars-corals-disappeared-on-government-maps|access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref>

Maps prepared in 2020 by the National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), under MoEFCC, showed coral reefs along sections of Great Nicobar’s southern and western coasts, including in Galathea Bay, where a transshipment terminal is proposed. Updated NCSCM maps released in 2021 depicted coral reefs farther offshore and showed a reduced extent of CRZ-IA zones along parts of the coastline.<ref name="scrollcorals"/>

===Fauna===
The Great Nicobar project, located within 10 km radius ecologically sensitive zone near Galthea Bay, threatens rare fauna such as [[Leatherback sea turtle]], [[Saltwater crocodile|salt water crocodile]], [[Nicobar macaque]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Environmental Impact of this project |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/great-nicobar-mega-project-gets-environmental-nod/articleshow/94354141.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921123517/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/great-nicobar-mega-project-gets-environmental-nod/articleshow/94354141.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2022 |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> Like all islands in the region which have been isolated over geological time which have led to the evolution of numerous endemic species, several yet to be discovered and formally named. The "Great Nicobar crake" is an undescribed species of bird as of 2026 while the wolf snake ''[[Lycodon irwini]]'' was described only in 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sekhsaria |first=Pankaj |date=2025-11-30 |title=New finds highlight Great Nicobar project site's biodiversity |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/great-nicobar-project-site-hotbed-of-new-species-discovery/article70342225.ece |access-date=2026-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> While the MoEFCC proposed 3 conservation sites on [[Little Nicobar]], Menchal Island and Meroe Island to mitigate risks, the Tribal Council of Campbell Bay opposes these sanctuaries, citing a lack of consultation and their long-standing coexistence with the island's wildlife.<ref name="enva1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karunakaran |first=Rishika Pardikar, Binu |date=9 January 2024 |title=TNM Exclusive: Nicobar tribal council opposes creation of wildlife sanctuaries |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/tnm-exclusive-nicobar-tribal-council-opposes-creation-of-wildlife-sanctuaries |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>

===Human===
This project which includes two new [[Planned community|planned cities]] in the region will increase population to over 350,000, which may cause a threat to the indigenous communities.<ref name="Sekhsaria2">{{Cite web |last=Sekhsaria|first=Pankaj|title='Planned destruction of Adivasi culture and lives': Experts raise alarm over Great Nicobar project|url=https://scroll.in/article/1038263/planned-destruction-of-adivasi-culture-and-lives-experts-raise-alarm-over-great-nicobar-project|access-date=2022-11-25|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> After the environmental clearance by MoEFCC, some experts and researchers expressed concerns to [[Ministry of Tribal Affairs]] about vulnerability of indigenous communities on the island. Around 1761 individuals belonging to the indigenous [[Shompen people|Shompen]] and [[Nicobarese people|Nicobarese tribes]] live in the island. 853 square kilometres (approximately 92% of the total area) of the Great Nicobar Island is designated as tribal reserve under the Andaman and Nicobar Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation, 1956. This means that the land is meant for exclusive use of the community and others cannot access the area without their express permission. Around 10% of tribal reserve of the island will be affected by this project. Indigenous people live outside the project area and the tribal reserve also falls outside the project area.<ref name="Sekhsaria2" /> According to Forest Rights Act, 2006, Shompen people are legal sole authority to preserve the forest reserve.<ref name="Sekhsaria2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-22 |title=Development of Great Nicobar: strategic imperative and ecological concerns |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/great-nicobar-development-project-proposal-concerns-8281844/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Survival International]], a global NGO campaigning for indigenous rights, has said that the mega-development will put [[Shompen people|the Shompen]] at risk of being wiped out. In February 2024, 39 genocide experts from 13 countries warned that the development “will be a death sentence for the Shompen, tantamount to the international crime of genocide”. They said that the proposed population increase and exposure to outside populations would lead to mass deaths because the Shompen have little to no immunity to infectious outside diseases.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dhillon |first=Amrit |date=2024-02-07 |title=India's plan for untouched Nicobar isles will be 'death sentence' for isolated tribe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/feb/07/india-port-airport-power-plant-military-project-great-nicobar-island-death-sentence-shompen-indigenous-people-warning |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

==Present status==
* 2023 Jan: Bids submitted by vendors for the ₹41,000-crore (US$8 b) mega international container transshipment port (ICTP) at Galathea Bay were opened; phase 1 of the port with 4 million TEUs will be completed by 2028.<ref name=tbid1/> Ten companies that filled out the ''Expression of Interest'' are [[Adani Ports & SEZ]], [[Container Corporation of India]], [[Essar Group|Essar Ports]], [[JSW Group|JSW Infrastructure]], Megha Engineering & Infrastructures, Navayuga Engineering, PDP International, [[Rail Vikas Nigam]], [[Royal Boskalis]], Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, and Vishwa Samudra Holdings.,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthick |first=Tarun |date=9 March 2023 |title=Tight Slap on Rumour Mongers and Haters of the Proposed Mega Project at Great Nicobar Island as Ten Entities File EOI for Project |url=https://nicobartimes.com/local-news/tight-slap-on-rumour-mongers-and-haters-of-the-proposed-mega-project-at-great-nicobar-island-as-ten-entities-file-eoi-for-project/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=Nicobar Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2025 Apr: [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] invited bids for a 5 MW solar power project with battery energy storage capacity of up to 4 to 12 MWh.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/ntpc-invites-bids-for-5-mw-solar-project-in-great-nicobar/ar-AA1BJaXF?ocid=BingNewsVerp NTPC invites bids for 5 MW solar project in Great Nicobar], msn.com, 1 April 2025.</ref> 7 deep-sea mining blocks off the coast of the Great Nicobar Island were awarded, and the Offshore Areas Mineral Trust as a non-profit autonomous body has been established, which will use the funds received for research and expenditure related to mitigating any adverse impact caused to the ecology in the offshore area due to mining operations.<ref>[https://scroll.in/latest/1080992/centre-approves-7-deep-sea-mining-blocks-off-great-nicobar-island Centre approves 7 deep-sea mining blocks off Great Nicobar Island], Scroll, 4 April 2025.</ref> 2 of the total 3 gram panchayats in the project area, Laxminagar and Govindnagar, have also granted permission to the project.<ref name=gram1/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Andaman and Nicobar Command#Strategic|Strategic importance of Andaman and Nicobar]]
* [[Sea lines of communication]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}

[[Category:Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Tourism in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]

Palani Hills

2026-04-30T15:07:56Z

Trevor51P0492: Put Up The Info Basic Info!

{{Short description|Mountain range in India}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Palani Hills
| image = PALANI HILLS southern slopes.jpg
| image_caption = The southern slope of the Palani Hills, near [[Kodaikanal]]
| elevation_m = 2533
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| range = [[Western Ghats]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10|12|N|77|28|E|type:mountain_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| topo =
| type =
| age =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route = [[SH-156 (Tamil Nadu)|Laws Ghat Road]]
}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (proposed)
| alt_name = Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary
| image = Palani Hills-C.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The Palani Hills
| map = India
| relief = 1
| location = [[Dindigul district|Dindigul District]], [[Tamil Nadu]] [[Idukki district|Idukki District]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Kodaikanal]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10|14|43|N|77|31|26|E|region:IN_dim:50000|display=inline}}
| area = {{convert|736.87|km2}}
| established =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [https://web.archive.org/web/20131020195613/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/ Tamil Nadu Forest Department]
}}The '''Palani Hills''' are a mountain range in the southern Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. The Palani Hills are an eastward extension of the [[Western Ghats]] ranges, which run parallel to the west coast of India. The Palani Hills adjoin with the high [[Anaimalai Hills|Anamalai range]] on the west and extend east into the plains of Tamil Nadu, covering an area of {{convert|2068|km2|sqmi}}. The highest part of the range is in the southwest, and reaches 1,800-2,500 metres (5,906-8,202 feet) elevation; the eastern extension of the range is made up of hills 1,000-1,500 m (3,281-4,921 ft) high.<ref name="Islam">{{cite book|author=R. P. Singh, Zubairul Islam|title=Environmental Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gaQptMlw3X8C&pg=PA172|access-date=18 November 2012|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-774-6|page=172}}</ref>

It is also home to [[Palani Murugan temple|the main temple]] of [[Kartikeya|Murugan]], who is worshipped as a major deity in Tamil Nadu.

The '''Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park''' is a proposed [[Protected areas of Tamil Nadu#National Parks|protected area]] in [[Dindigul District]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. The park will be an upgrade and expansion of the {{cvt|736.87|km2}} Palani [[Kodaikanal]] [[Protected areas of Tamil Nadu#Wildlife Sanctuaries|Wildlife Sanctuary]] which was to be established in 2008.<ref name="ENVIS1">{{cite web |author=National Wildlife Data Center |year=2006 |title=List of Proposed Wildlife Sanctuaries in India |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/2209344/list-proposed-WLS  |access-date=2007-03-26 |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India}}</ref><ref name="TNMFE">{{cite book |title=Policy note 2006-2007 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Ministry of Forests and Environment |volume=((Demand 15)) |chapter=1.5.3. Biodiversity Conservation, Landscape and Protected Areas Management |access-date=2020-07-12 |chapter-url=http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/PublicUtilities/graphics/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409231539/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/PublicUtilities/graphics/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf |archive-date=2009-04-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2006 |title=Call for protection of Palani hills |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/call-for-protection-of-palani-hills/article3043188.ece |access-date=12 July 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> The park includes about 36% of the {{cvt|2068|km2}} in the [[Palni Hills|Palani Hills]]. The park is located between latitude 10°7'–10°28' N and longitude 77°16'–77°46' E. Central location is {{convert|1.5|km}} east northeast of Silver Cascade Waterfall and {{cvt|4|km}} E X NE of [[Kodaikanal Lake]].

== History ==
{{Maplink|from=Kodaikanal_WLS.map|type=shape|frame=yes|zoom=9|frame-lat=10.2|frame-long=77.4|stroke-width=1|frame-align=right|text=Boundary of the Wildlife Sanctuary}}The Palani Hills derive their name from the ancient temple town of [[Palani]] ('''பழநி''' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) located at the northern base of the hills.

In 1906, the great undulating plateau on top of the Palanis comprising four forest ranges were consolidated under the [[Indian Forest Act, 1927|Indian Forest Act of 1878]] and designated by the British Government as a single reserve forest, from [[Kodaikanal]] town to the Kerala state border in the west and the [[Bodinayakkanur]] town limits to the south, and given the name of the ''Ampthill Downs''. It was over {{convert|53|sqmi|order=flip}} in extent and about one quarter of it then consisted of sholas and three quarters was open, rolling, grassy downs.<ref name="Francis">{{cite book |last=Francis |first=W. Indian Civil Service |title=Madras District Gazetteers - Madura |publisher=Superintendent, Government Press |year=1906 |location=Madras |pages=139 – on the Palni Plateaus |chapter=V - Forests |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/madurafrancis01madr/madurafrancis01madr_djvu.txt}}</ref>

The Ampthill Downs area is now named Upper Palani Shola Reserved Forest and totals {{convert|145.7|km2}} (36,000 acres) of forest land. It is the largest reserve forest division in the Palani Hills. The core of the proposed [[Kodaikanal]] [[Wildlife Sanctuary]] awaiting government notification is located in this division.<ref name="Roshan">{{cite web |last=Roshan |first=George |title=National Parks and Sanctuaries : Kodaikanal |url=http://www.wildvistas.com/nationalparks/kodaikanal/kodaikanal.html |access-date=1 April 2010 |publisher=Wildvistas}}</ref>

In 1988, the new {{convert|50|km2}} [[Kodaikanal]]-[[Berijam]] Wildlife Sanctuary was included in the protected area proposals considered to be of national priority status by the [[Wildlife Institute of India]].<ref name="Mathur">{{cite book |author1=Mathur, Vinod B. |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/panetworks/tb3.html |title=Wildlife Protected Area Network in India: A Review |author2=Rogers, W. Alan |author3=Panwar, Hemendra S. |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India |year=2002 |location=Dehra Dun |pages=Summary of Protected Area Proposals Considered to be of National Priority Status |access-date=2010-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162507/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/panetworks/tb3.html |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the early 1990s, the [[Tamil Nadu Forest Department]] submitted a proposal to the State government to protect much of the Palani Hills by declaring the area a [[wildlife sanctuary]] or a [[national park]].<ref>The Hindu, Frontline, Volume 20 - Issue 16, 02–15 August 2003, "On The Danger List" by Ian Lockwood, an excellent and comprehensive description of the Palani Hills {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080615043018/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2016/stories/20030815000106600.htm "On The Danger List"]}}</ref>

The proposed park area includes only [[reserve forest]] land. These forests are already among the [[protected areas of Tamil Nadu]]. Their upgrade to [[Wildlife Sanctuary]] and [[National Park]] will increase their [[IUCN]] status from level [[World Commission on Protected Areas#IUCN Categories of Protected Area|VI - Protected Area with Sustainable Use of Natural Resources to IV - Habitat/Species Management Area]] or II - [[National Park]] and improve the [[Habitat (ecology)|habitat]] and [[wildlife]] [[Conservation biology|conservation]] of the area.

The sanctuary has been under consideration of the Government of India in consultation with the Government of Tamil Nadu since 1999.<ref>ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS DEPARTMENT, POLICY NOTE ON FOREST DEPARTMENT 2001-2002, DEMAND NO. 44 - FORESTS AND DEMAND NO.58 - CAPITAL OUTLAY ON FORESTS [http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy%20%202001_02/forest-e-2001-2.htm] 9. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES</ref> The actual park boundaries have not been finalized. In 2007, proposals for declaration of Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary were under consideration of the Government.<ref name="Selvaraj">{{cite web |last=Selvaraj |first=N., Minister for Forests |title=1.5.3. Biodiversity Conservation, Landscape and Protected Areas Management |url=http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/PublicUtilities/graphics/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409231539/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/PublicUtilities/graphics/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf |archive-date=2009-04-09 |access-date=25 March 2010 |work=POLICY NOTE 2006–2007 Demand No. 15 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Forest Department |pages=4 |location=Chennai}}</ref>

On 13 August 2012, in an apparent change away from plans for notification of parts of the Palani Hills as a separate wildlife sanctuary, the Tamil Nadu Gazette notification attached parts of Kodaikanal and Dindigul divisions of reserve forests to the buffer zone of [[Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park|Annamalai Tiger Reserve]]. About 5155.42 hectares of forest land belonging to Palani Hills Northern Slope, [[Andipatty]] reserve forest, 4,344.53 acres in Kudraiyar block forest and 5,548.49 hectares in [[Mannavanur]] Range in [[Kodaikanal]] will be included in the buffer zone. The villages and hamlets that now form part of the Palani Hills buffer zone are [[Poondi]], [[Mannavanur]], Kilavarai, Polur, Kavunchi, [[Kumbur]], [[Kilanavayal]], [[Kukkal]], Pazhamputhur and Puthurpuram.<ref name="Shaji">{{cite news |author=K.A. Shaji |date=2012-08-22 |title=Gazette note doesn't exempt Topslip from core zone |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Gazette-note-doesnt-exempt-Topslip-from-core-zone/articleshow/15594264.cms |access-date=2012-08-22 |work=The Times of India |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. |location=Coimbatore}}</ref><ref name="TNUGAZ">{{cite news |author=Stationery and Printing Department |date=2012-08-13 |title=Environment and Forests Department – Declaration of Areas as Critical Tiger Habitats in the Three Tiger Reserves of the State of Tamil Nadu in the Interest of Conservation of Tiger Under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/stationeryprinting/extraordinary/2012/233-Ex-II-2.pdf |access-date=2012-08-22 |work=Extraordinary Gazette Publication 233 |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |location=Chennai}}</ref>

The increasingly important [[economic]] role of [[Eco-tourism]], including trekking, [[hiking]], [[camping]], [[mountaineering]], [[rock climbing]] and [[bird watching]] may help the local populace to welcome this new Protected area. It remains to be seen whether the Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park will stimulate or stifle commercial development and tourism. The decision to finally establish the park must balance short term [[financial]] benefits of the [[status quo]] versus long term [[Ecological stability|stability]] of the natural and human community.

== Geography ==

[[Vandaravu]] peak is the highest peak in the Palani hills. The range lies between the [[Cumbum Valley]] on the south, which is drained by the [[Vaigai River]] and its upper tributaries, and the [[Kongunadu]] region to the north. The northern slopes are drained by the Shanmukha River, Nanganji River, and Kodavanar River, which are tributaries of the [[Kaveri River]]. The range lies mostly within [[Dindigul district]], except in the western portion, where it forms the boundary between Dindigul district and [[Theni district]] to the south and [[Idukki District]] to the south west. The [[hill station]] of [[Kodaikanal]] lies in the southern central portion of the range. Palani Hills joined with [[Anamalai Hills]] and [[Cardamom Hills]] at [[Anamudi]] peak in Kerala state. Vattavada in Kerala is a part of Palani hills.

The Palni Hills are an eastward spur of the Western Ghats with a maximum east–west length of {{convert|65|km}}, and a north–south width of {{convert|40|km}}. Area is {{convert|2064|km2}}. These hills rise in steep [[escarpment]]s to a high undulating [[plateau]] ranging from {{convert|1600|m}} to over {{convert|2000|m}} elevation.<ref name="vct2">{{cite web |title=Palni Hills |url=http://www.vattakanalconservationtrust.org/Home/activities/palni-hills |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028025746/http://www.vattakanalconservationtrust.org/Home/activities/palni-hills |archive-date=28 October 2010 |access-date=31 March 2010 |publisher=Vattakanal Conservation Trust |location=Kodaikanal}}</ref>

The western extremity of the park is contiguous with the [[Manjampatti Valley]] core area of the [[Indira Gandhi National Park|Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park]] and with The [[Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Kerala]]. The [[Kurinjimala Sanctuary]] in Kerala borders the southwestern corner of the park.<ref>Kurinjimala and Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuaries, [http://kurinji.in/kurinjimap.html Map]</ref> These Wildlife Sanctuaries are adjacent to the recently established [[Eravikulam National Park]].

The park area includes only reserve forest land, including Palni Hills Northern Slope East, Kallar, Palni Hills Southern Slope East, Upper Palni Shola, Allinagaram, and Palni Hills Northern Slope West Reserve Forests in the Dindigul<ref name="Surukumar">{{cite book |author1=Surukumar, R. |url=http://www.asiannature.org/pdf_resources/TheAsianElephantInSouthernIndia.pdf |title=The Asian Elephant In Southern India, Dindigul - Territorial Forest Division - Data |author2=Venkataraman, Arun |author3=Varma, Surendra |author4=Kumar, N. Venkatesa |date=October 1998 |publisher=Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, Asian Elephant Conservation and Research Centre |series=A GIS Database for Conservation of Project Elephant Reserves |location=Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore |pages=53 |access-date=2008-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011231527/http://www.asiannature.org/pdf_resources/TheAsianElephantInSouthernIndia.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and Kodaikanal Forest Divisions.<ref name="Surukumar-2">{{cite book |author1=Surukumar, R. |url=http://www.asiannature.org/pdf_resources/TheAsianElephantInSouthernIndia.pdf |title=The Asian Elephant In Southern India, Kodaikanal - Territorial Forest Division - Data |author2=Venkataraman, Arun |author3=Varma, Surendra |author4=Kumar, N. Venkatesa |date=October 1998 |publisher=Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, Asian Elephant Conservation and Research Centre |series=A GIS Database for Conservation of Project Elephant Reserves |location=Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore |pages=59 |access-date=2008-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011231527/http://www.asiannature.org/pdf_resources/TheAsianElephantInSouthernIndia.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Ecoregions==
[[File:Palani hills kodaikanal.jpg|thumb|right|View of the Palani Hills from [[Vilpatti]]]]
The lower elevations of the Palani Hills, between 250 and 1,000 m (820–3,281 ft), are part of the [[South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]] [[ecoregion]]. Above 1,000 m (3,281 ft), the [[deciduous]] forests transition to the [[evergreen]] [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests]]. In the highest portions of the range, above 2,000 m (6,562 ft), the [[Montane forest|montane]] [[rainforest]]s give way to ''[[shola]]''-grassland mosaic, made up of frost-tolerant [[Montane grasslands and shrublands|montane grassland]]s interspersed with pockets of stunted ''shola'' forests. The hills extend into Kerala as [[Pampadum Shola National Park]].

==Conservation==
The Palani Hills are currently subject to increasing development pressure as it is under developed for a long time. The Palani Hills Conservation Council, a [[non-governmental organization]] headquartered in [[Kodaikanal]], was founded in 1985. In the early 1990s the [[Tamil Nadu Forest Department]] proposed to the Tamil Nadu state government that much of the range be granted protected status as a wildlife sanctuary or Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park.<ref name=Frontline>{{cite journal|title=On the danger list|journal=Frontline|date=2 August 2003|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2016/stories/20030815000106600.htm|access-date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204071315/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2016/stories/20030815000106600.htm|archive-date=2012-02-04}}</ref>

== Geology ==
[[File:Anna_Salai,_Kodaikanal.JPG|thumb|Perumal Malai in distance seen from Anna Salai, Street bazaar, [[Kodaikanal]], {{convert|12.5|km}} away]]
[[File:Talinji_Vilage_&_Vellari_Mali_Peak.JPG|thumb|Vellari Malai Peak, seen from Talinji Village, {{convert|12.5|km}} away]]
[[File:Kodaikanal_Bear_Shola_Falls.JPG|thumb|3. Bear Shola Falls]]
[[File:Kodai_Fairy_Falls.JPG|thumb|5. Fairy Falls]]
[[File:Kodai_Neptune_falls_&_Pool.JPG|thumb|8. Neptune Falls and Pool]]
[[File:Pambar_Falls.JPG|thumb|10. Pambar Falls]]
[[File:Silver_Cascade_3-4.JPG|thumb|11. Silver Cascade, 55 m high, < 1/4 flow]]
[[File:Rattail_falls.jpg|thumb|12. Thaliar Falls {{convert|975|ft}} high]]

=== History ===
The Palani Hills are formed of [[pre-Cambrian]] [[gneisses]], [[charnockite]]s and [[schist]]s; they are among the oldest mountain ranges in India.<ref>Markham Clements Robert (1862) "''Travels in Peru and India, while superintending the collection of chinchona plants and seeds in...''", Chapter XXIV, p. 390 - 407, Willim clowes and sons, London, retrieved 3/28/2007 [[iarchive:travelsinperuan00markgoog/page/n450| (1862) Journey to the Pulney Hills]]</ref> The park is an eastward extension of the [[Western Ghats]] hills formed by separation of the India-Madagascar-Seychelles blocks of [[Gondwana#Break-up|East Gondwana]] in the [[Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]] period about 120 million years ago.<ref name="Wadia">{{cite book |last=Wadia |first=Dr. D.N. |title=The Shaping of Indian Science: 1914-1947 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2003 |isbn=9788173714320 |editor=Indian Science Congress Association |pages=508–511 |chapter=The making of India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccOgr1XNE2kC&q=%22Palni+hills%22+-com+peaks&pg=PA509}}</ref>

It is surrounded to the north, east and south by the [[Deccan Plateau]] formed later in the massive [[Deccan Traps]] eruption 66 million years ago as India drifted over the [[Reunion Hotspot]].<ref>Wikimapia, [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=10291667&x=77516667&z=11&l=0&m=a&v=2 satellite view]</ref>

=== Mountains ===
The Palani hills are most prominent towards the west, ranging from {{convert|1800|m}} to {{convert|2553|m}} (5,906 ft - 8,376 ft). The ten most prominent peaks are:

# Vandaravu {{convert|2553|m}},
# Ibex Peak {{convert|2517|m}}
# Vembadi Peak {{convert|2505|m}},
# Gundar {{convert|2461|m}},
# Karunmakadu {{convert|2451|m}},
# Sandana Parai {{convert|2404|m}}
# Venkombu {{convert|2327|m}}
# Tina Vardi {{convert|2270|m}},
# [[Perumal Peak|Perumal Malai]] {{convert|2236|m}},
# Vellari Malai {{convert|2229|m}}

The [[hill station]] of Kodaikanal stands in a 2,195 m (7,202 ft) high basin at the southern edge of the central part. The eastern end of the park is made of hills 1000–1500 m (3,281 ft - 4,921 ft) high.<ref>Gurung Dr. Harka (Sept, 1999) "''Mountains of South Asia''", Asia Pacific Mountain Network, Vol. 4, No. 2, retrieved 23 March 2010 [http://www.mtnforum.org/apmn/4,2(c).htm "''Mountains of South Asia''"]</ref>

The Tamil Nadu Department of Geology and Mining has completed detailed Geo-Technical Studies of the Palni Hills determining moderate to high landslide danger in much of the area.<ref>Industries Department, POLICY NOTE - 2005-2006, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINING [http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/PolicyNote.htm Industries Dept.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209145436/http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/PolicyNote.htm |date=9 December 2019 }}</ref>

=== Waterfalls ===
{{main|List_of_waterfalls_in_India#Tamil_Nadu}}
There are many [[waterfalls]] throughout the park which are popular tourist attractions. Some of the prominent falls associated with the park are: (Distances are referenced from km 0.0 at the bund (dam) on northeast end of Kodaikanal lake at .)

# '''Alanthoni Falls''' at {{convert|20|m}} high, elevation {{convert|590|m}} in [[Manjampatti Valley]], core area of [[Indira Gandhi National Park]], between Talinji and Manjampatti villages on the Ten Ar River, public access restricted.
#
# '''Bamen Falls'''
# '''Bear Shola Falls''' at {{convert|2|km}} from Kodaikanal,
# '''Fairy Falls''' at {{convert|5|km}} from Kodaikanal),
# '''Glen Falls''' at [[Vilpatti]] on Palar (Kallar) River
# '''Gundar Falls''' at A dangerous sheer cliff that drops over {{convert|100|m}}, to the first level, then drops off a couple more times to the plains.
# '''Neptune Falls and Pool''' at, {{convert|400|m}} are down a pine needle path through large pines beginning on left of road {{convert|.5|km}} past Forest Dept. Nursery, {{convert|14|km}} from Kodaikanal on Poombrai Road.
# '''Palar Upper Falls''' also called '''Anju Veedu Falls''' (Five House Falls), {{convert|85|m}} [https://www.flickr.com/photos/bryanplymale/2032114784/ photo], [https://www.flickr.com/photos/tamil/269516436/ photo], on Palar stream 5.5 km southeast of Palar Reservoir and 1.7 km downstream north from Ganesha Puram village, per 1974 survey map. {{convert|27|km}} from Kodaikanal), in the [[Vilpatti]] Range. Spectacular waterfalls with dangerous currents. This stream originates in the [[Kodaikanal lake]].
# '''Palar Lower falls''' {{convert|103|m}} [http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=1256352&id=1312929832 photo], [https://www.flickr.com/photos/bryanplymale/2032119466/in/photostream/ photo], on Palar stream 5.5 km southeast of Palar Reservoir and 1.7 km downstream north from Ganesha Puram village, per 1974 survey map. {{convert|27|km}} from Kodaikanal), in the [[Vilpatti]] Range. Spectacular waterfalls with dangerous currents. This stream originates in the [[Kodaikanal lake]].
# '''Poombarai Falls'''
# '''Pambar Falls''' (also called Liril or Vatakanal) at, elevation {{convert|2120|m}}, is {{convert|3|km}} SE from Kodaikanal.
# '''[[Silver Cascade Falls (India)|Silver Cascade]]''' at {{convert|55|m}} high, is {{convert|8|km}} from Kodaikanal) on the Ghat Road.
# '''Skamba Falls''' at is {{convert|8|km}} NE from Kodaikanal).
# '''Snake Falls''' Just below Pambar Falls where Levigne stream comes out of Pambar Shola. Is particularly visible from Priests Walk<ref>{{cite web |last=Lockwood |first=Ian |date=2012-02-29 |title=Pambar Falls in February |url=http://ianlockwood.wordpress.com/2012/02/29/pambar-falls-in-february/}}</ref> and from top end of Coolie Ghat just below Shenbuganour.
# '''[[Thalaiyar Falls]]''', (Rat Tail Falls) at, elevation {{convert|820|m}}, is {{convert|975|ft}} (297 meters) high. It is the highest waterfall in [[Tamil Nadu]] and the third highest in India.
# '''Gaur Vellaiyan Falls''' at, {{convert|52|ft}} high, is along the [[Kodaikanal–Munnar Road#Intersections|Kilavarai trail]] between Kilavarai and intersection 11 with [[Kodaikanal–Munnar Road]], {{convert|40|km}} from Kodaikanal.
# '''[http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc4/hs664.snc4/60465_10150283791775534_874005533_15163290_2218549_n.jpg Kathirikkai Falls]{{Dead link|date=September 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}''' is at, elevation {{convert|2270|m}}. There is small pool above this {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} waterfall just southwest of the Kodaikanal–Munnar Road crossing the Kathirikkai Odei (the Second Trout Stream) {{convert|2.2|km}} west of the Forest Dept Hut.
# '''Unnamed Falls''' at is on Dolphins Nose Trail.
# '''Unnamed Falls 16m''' at, {{convert|16|m}} high, is {{convert|2|km}} southwest of Vandaravu Peak in remote southwest corner of Palani Hills.
# '''Kudiraiyar River Falls''' at Kookkal Kombai, {{convert|90|m}} high, is {{convert|4|km}} walk northwest of [[Kukkal]].<ref>Trekking to the Plains [http://www.kodaikanal.org/trekking_to_the_plains.html Kukkal]</ref>
# '''Kukkal Falls''' unnamed? at {{convert|.6|km}} southwest of Kukkal village center
# '''Polur Falls''' (போளூர் அருவி) at .
# '''Poondi Falls''' at estimated from Army Map and contours
# '''[[Kumbakarai Falls]]''' located in the lower Palni foothills, along the [[Kodaikanal–Munnar Road#Intersections|Kodai-Vellagavi-Periyakulam footpath]]. These falls have two stages. At the first stage water collects in huge rock recesses which are each named after wild animals such as tiger, elephant and snake. The Pambar river then flows {{convert|.5|km|mi}} to the second stage before falling as the main waterfall.<ref name="Kumba">{{cite web |title=Kumbakkarai Falls |url=http://www.discovertamilnadu.net/tamilnadu%20dams%20and%20waterfalls.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923185629/http://www.discovertamilnadu.net/tamilnadu%20dams%20and%20waterfalls.html |archive-date=2009-09-23 |access-date=2009-10-26 |work=Tamilnadu Waterfalls & Dams |publisher=Discover Tamil Nadu}}</ref> Bathing is allowed. There is a bus from [[Periyakulam]] with fare of Rs. 5(6.00,7.00 13.00,15.30,16.30 hrs).
# '''Unnamed Falls 10m''', in Allinagaram Reserved Forest, elevation {{convert|2220|m}}, location estimated from [http://www.kurinji.in/map.html Map]
# '''Unnamed Falls 15m''' height {{convert|15|m}}, elevation {{convert|2170|m}}, location estimated from [http://www.kurinji.in/map.html Map]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Height
!Location
! class="unsortable" |Details
|-
|'''Ananthoni Falls'''
|{{convert|20|m}}
|
|between Talinji and Manjampatti villages on the Ten Ar River in [[Manjampatti Valley]], core area of [[Indira Gandhi National Park]]<nowiki>, public access restricted.|</nowiki>
|-
|}

== Climate ==
{{climate chart|Kodaikanal, India|8.1|17.5|59.1|8.5|18.6|34.6|10.1|20.1|52.6|11.7|20.6|136.0|12.6|20.9|146.1|12.0|18.9|97.7|11.4|17.7|122.1|11.3|17.9|153.1|11.2|18.1|185.6|10.7|17.4|253.9|9.7|16.4|235.0|8.7|16.7|141.4|source=Indian Meteorological Department<ref name="Davinder">{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/climateimp.pdf|title=Monthly mean maximum & minimum temperature and total rainfall based upon 1901-2000 data: Kodaikanal|last=Davinder Sharma, SA, DGM Secretariat|work=Climatological Data of Important Cities|publisher=Indian Meteorological Department, Regional Meteorological Centre|access-date=30 March 2010|location=Chennai|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413020426/http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/climateimp.pdf|archive-date=13 April 2015}}</ref>|float=right|clear=}}The Palani Hills have a [[montane]] [[tropical monsoon climate]] which varies from west to east. Generally, as one proceeds from the Kerala border in the west to the foothills in the east, average rainfall decreases and temperature increases. Compared to the [[Deccan Plateau]] and the southwestern coastal plains, temperatures vary from moderate to quite cool. In the central Palani Hills at Kodaikanal, during March to May, the temperature range is between {{convert|10.1|and|20.9|C|F}}. The temperature can rise to a high of {{convert|35|C}}. During December to February it is between {{convert|8.1|and|18.6|C|F}}. In January, night temperatures sometimes drop below freezing, and thin ice is seen on lake edges in the early morning.<ref name="Davinder" />

The climate of the upper Palnis has four clearly defined seasons:

* the dry season, usually between January and March, during which rain is scarce and limited to around 10 rainy days, the air is crisp, dry and cold, and when ground frost occurs;
* The warm season of April and May when most tourists arrive for their holiday in the hills and when summer showers and rain may fall on 18 to 20 days;
* The Southwest monsoon season extends between June and September, with around 45 days of rainfall spread over the four months;
* The Northeast monsoon season from October through early December, when rain is abundant and occurs over 30 or more days. Depending on the timing of the northeast monsoon, the latter half of December may experience a few days of heavy rain or remain completely dry.<ref>{{cite web |author=Rangan, H., C. A. Kull, and L. Alexander. |year=2010 |title=Forest plantations, water availability, and regional climate change: controversies surrounding Acacia mearnsii plantations in the upper Palni Hills, southern India. |url=http://christiankull.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/rangan-et-al-2010-palnis-rec-author-version1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426021352/http://christiankull.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/rangan-et-al-2010-palnis-rec-author-version1.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-26 |access-date=2007-03-26 |work=Regional Environmental Change, 10 (2) |publisher=author version |pages=103–117}}</ref>

The average annual rainfall is {{convert|1617|mm}}, mostly during the north-east monsoon.<ref>[http://www.kodaikanal.org/ Kodaikanal.org, Kodaikanal climate]</ref><ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Kodaikanal.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kodaikanal]</ref>

== Tribes ==
[[File:Paliyan_women.jpg|thumb|Paliyan woman & children.]]
Nomadic [[Paliyan]] tribes people have been seen living in some of the several caves in [[Manjampatti Valley]]. Paliyan people can be seen near Kukal Cave. The Tamil speaking Pulayan are referred to as the MalaPulayans, a group categorized as [[scheduled caste]] by State government of Tamil Nadu. Their traditional livelihood is foraging [[Yam (vegetable)|yams]] and small gaming in the nearby forest areas combined with cultivation of several species of minor [[millet]]s in small plots located near their hamlets to meet their subsistence requirements.

They live in small hamlets in huts and government constructed colonies. The sedentary life started with the construction of group houses by the government in the early sixties. The community is vertically divided into two sub divisions called Koora and Kanni, further subdivided into 47 sub sects. Each sub sect is called Kootams, which regulates certain social events. Each kootam has its own deity, which is common to the entire group and once yearly the members of the same kootam assemble to worship the deity.<ref>P.Thamizoli, K.Balasubramanian, M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai and P.Ignatius Prabakar, Department of Anthropology, University of Madras, Chennai (2003) "''Folk Narratives from the Palni Hills: The Pulayans left behind the dead cattle, driven to the mountain’s edge, shown the dry waterhole''" [http://www.sasnet.lu.se/tribalthamizoli.pdf "''Folk Narratives from the Palni Hills...''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607060809/http://www.sasnet.lu.se/tribalthamizoli.pdf|date=2007-06-07}}</ref>

Many native tribals in the Palani Hills have partially assimilated modern culture but are marginalized on the fringes of society. Their social, economic and physical survival has become a difficult challenge for them and several public and private agencies. Their ancient culture in this area is well documented.<ref>Bicultural Versatility as a Frontier Adaptation among Paliyan Foragers of South India, by Dr. Peter Gardner, Edwin Mellen Press, 2000, {{ISBN|978-0-7734-7819-0}} [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=4149&pc=9 "''Bicultural Versatility...''"]</ref><ref>Gardner, Excerpts [https://books.google.com/books?id=VSRzAj-b8yAC&dq=%22Peter%2BM%2B%2BGardner%22paliyan&pg=PP15 "''Bicultural Versatility...''" excerpts]</ref>

Relics and artifacts of the Paliyan tribes people can be seen in the Shenbaganur Museum.<ref>travelportalindia [http://www.travelportalindia.com/hill-stations-india/kodaikanal.html Shenbaganur Museum]</ref>

==Ecoregions==
[[File:Palni_Hills_Vegetation_Map-.jpg|thumb|Palani Hills Vegetation MapFull Map with Legend:<ref>Bellan, M.F. (1980) Palani Hills Vegetation Map, Institut de la Carte Internationale du Tapis Végétal, Toulouse, France, retrieved 3/29/2007 [https://archive.today/20110807170704/http://eusoils.jrc.it/esdb_archive/EuDASM/asia/images/maps/download/in3005_ve.jpg Full Map with Legend:]</ref>]]
The Palani hills are the easternmost part of the [[Western Ghats]] of India, which is one of the 25 [[biodiversity hotspot]]s of the world. Some of the very rare and endangered plants and animals of India are found here. including intact relics of primary [[Indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]] vegetation and a large number of non-native plants.<ref>Matthew K. M. (1999) "''The Flora of the Palni Hills, Parts 1–3.''", The Rapinat Herbarium, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirapalli 620 002, India. 364. pp. Price: set Rs 600. $175, £100.[http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep252000/book%20reviews.PDF Flora of the Palni Hills]</ref>

The hills may be divided into four distinct vertical zones comprising distinct [[Ecoregions]] with a wide diversity of [[Endemic species]].

# The foothills from {{convert|400|to|800|m|ft}} consist mostly of [[Deccan thorn scrub forests]] and [[South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]. There is also some [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests|evergreen forest]] along streams and rivers at these altitudes.
# Between {{convert|800|and|1600|m|ft}} is dominated by [[South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]] accompanied by shrub savannah, although most has been converted to plantations.
# From {{convert|1600|to|2000|m|ft}} are upper montane slopes characterised by [[shola]]-[[grassland]] mosaic, composed of frost-tolerant [[montane grassland]]s on the hills interspersed with pockets of dense shola forests in the valleys. This is an undulating plateau interspersed with occasional peaks.
# Peaks rising to over {{convert|2500|m}} with total area of {{convert|385|km2}} and average elevation of {{convert|2200|m}} consist mostly of montane grasslands interspersed with sholas. The grassland component is now largely replaced by forest plantations of [[Acacia|wattle]], [[pine]] and some [[eucalyptus]] .<ref name="vct2"/>

== Flora and fauna ==
[[File:Niltahr.jpg|thumb|Nilgiri tahr]]
[[File:Giant-squirrel.jpg|thumb|Grizzled giant squirrel]]
[[File:Elephant_indian.JPG|thumb|Indian elephant]]
'''Mammals:''' Wild are common in areas away from human habitation and cultivation.

[[Threatened species]] in the park area include: [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian elephant]], [[Indian leopard]], [[gaur]] (wild ox), [[Nilgiri tahr]] and [[grizzled giant squirrel]].

[[Endangered]] [[Bengal tiger]] populations in the adjacent [[Project Tiger]] reserves of [[Indira Gandhi National Park|Anamalai Tiger Reserve]] and the [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]]<ref>Project Tiger, Kalakad - Mundanthurai Reserve [http://projecttiger.nic.in/kalakad.htm Project Tiger] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726142047/http://projecttiger.nic.in/kalakad.htm|date=2013-07-26}}</ref> in the [[Agasthyamalai]] hills could expand back into this area when it is better protected. In February 2010, tigers were sighted in Kodaikanal forests during a six-day [[carnivore]] signs survey. A tigress and her cub were spotted playing in the wild. Forest Department officials are studying survey data to estimate the local tiger population based on indirect evidence like pug marks, scats and scratches.<ref name="Kodaitigers">{{cite news |date=2010-03-01 |title=Sathyamangalam could be a tiger reserve |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Sathyamangalam-could-be-a-tiger-reserve/articleshow/5629661.cms#ixzz19u9iGld3 |access-date=2011-01-02 |work=The Times of India, Chennai |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.}}</ref>'''Amphibians and reptiles:''' Several little-known and endemic species of [[amphibians]] like [[Raorchestes dubois]], [[Ghatixalus asterops]], [[Micrixalus nigraventris]], [[Indirana leptodactyla]], [[Nyctibatrachus deccanensis]] and [[reptiles]] like [[Salea anamallayana]], [[Hemidactylus anamallensis]], [[Kaestlea palnica]], [[Kaestlea travancorica]], [[Ristella rurkii]], [[Platyplectrurus madurensis]], [[Teretrurus rhodogaster]], [[Uropeltis pulneyensis]], [[Uropeltis broughami]], [[Uropeltis woodmasoni]], [[Ahaetulla dispar]], [[Boiga dightoni]] and [[Trimeresurus macrolepis]] occur in this sanctuary. Other more widespread species of herpetofauna also occur lower down.

'''Plants:'''
[[File:Ceropegia_distincta.jpg|thumb|'''Ceropegia'' sp.']]
Moist areas exist along the ravines and in the sheltered pockets of high elevation shola forests around {{convert|2000|m}}. These sholas are often [[Biodiversity hotspot|hotspots]] of endemic plant life. Notable among these is Pambar Shola. The Pambar Shola, draining to the Pambar River, is now reduced to less than {{convert|3|km}} in circumference. It contains several rare and [[Endemism|endemic]] plant species including: ''[[Sonerila]] pulneyensis'': a delicate [[Melastomataceae]] succulent herb endemic to Pambar Shola, ''[[Hoya (plant)|Hoya]] wightii'' ssp. ''pulneyensis'': a succulent vine with waxy flowers endemic to Pambar Shola', ''[[Plectranthus]] bourneate'': a succulent herb endemic to Pambar Shola, ''[[Trichoglottis]] tenera'': an epiphytic orchid. Pambar Shola is its major habitat, ''[[Phyllanthus]] chandrabosei'': a shrub endemic to Pambar Shola, ''[[Huperzia]]'' sp.: a fern ally endemic to Pambar Shola, ''[[Selaginella]]'' sp.: a delicate creeping fern endemic to Pambar Shola, ''[[Psydrax]]ficiformis'': a tree, until recently thought extinct, ''[[Utleria]] salicifolia'': only one clump known on the Palni hills, ''[[Elaeocarpus blascoi]]'': a tree believed extinct until this year, ''[[Cyathea]] crinita'': tree fern, highly endangered (Botanical Survey of India), ''[[Aeschynanthus]] perrottetii'': known only from one other shola in the Palni hills, ''[[Eulophia]]'' sp.: a new species for the Palni hills first collected in April 2000,''[[Actinodapohne]] bourneae'': Laurel tree believed extinct (Botanical Survey of India). Two trees found in Pambar Shola, ''[[Ceropegia]] thwaitesii'': vine, vulnerable, endemic to Pambar shola, ''[[Pimpinella]] pulneyensis'': scarce, ''[[Exacum]] anamallayannum'': [[gentian]], only one other known location in Palni hills.<ref>Greenpeace India [https://archive.today/20070619150805/http://www.greenpeace.org/india/campaigns/toxics-free-future/toxic-hotspots/kodaikanal-tamil-nadu/pambar-shola-a-biodiversity-t Pambar shola: a biodiversity treasure trove under threat]</ref>

The comprehensive source on Palani Hills flora is currently in print: "''The Flora of the Palni Hills, South India''" by K.M. Matthew (1999), Tiruchirapalli, 3 vols., xcvi, 1880 p., figs., maps, $193 (set). {{ISBN|81-900539-3-0}}. Contents:<ref>K.M. Matthew (1999) "''The Flora of the Palni Hills, South India''", retrieved 24 March 2007 [https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no15373.htm "''The Flora of the Palni Hills, South India''"]</ref>

* Volume I {{ISBN|81-900539-4-9}}: Polypetalae: Dedication. Preface. Novelties in this Flora. Precursory or related publications. References. Introduction. I. The Palni hills: 1. Location and physical features. 2. Kodaikanal: taluk and town. 3. Rivers. 4. Roads. 5. Table 2: Gazetteer of localities. 6. Climatic conditions at Kodaikanal. 7. Geology and soils. 8. History. 9. The vegetation: A. Native; B. Alien. 10. References. II. Plant explorations on the Palnis: 1. Past explorations: 1. The Bournes. 2. The Fysons. 3. The Shembaganur team. 4. Natural History Centre at Shembaganur (SHC). 5. Recent explorations. 6. References. 2. Present exploration: 1. Background and scope. 2. Field trip report. 3. Phytogeographical findings. 4. Ethnobotany. 5. Nature conservation. 3. The present Flora: Format and conventions. Acknowledgments. Family sequence. Key to families. [[Dicotyledones]]: I. Polypetalae: 1. [[Ranunculaceae]]. 2. [[Alangiaceae]].
* Volume II {{ISBN|81-900539-5-7}}: Gamopetalae: 1. [[Caprifoliaceae]]. 2. [[Labiatae]]. III. Monochlamvdeae: 1. [[Plantaginaceae]]. 2. [[Salicaceae]].
* Volume III {{ISBN|81-900539-6-5}}: [[Monocotyledones]]: 1. [[Orchidaceae]]. 2. [[Gramineae]]. II. [[Gymnospermae]]: 1. [[Gnetaceae]]. 2. [[Cycadaceae]].

[[Strobilanthes kunthiana|Kurinji flowers]] (''Strobilanthes kunthiana'') which blossom in spectacular fields of violet only once in 12 years are threatened.<ref>News about Kuringi, Endemic birds, Vattakanal Conservation Trust, the Hindu, Frontline, Volume 23 - Issue 17 :: 26 Aug. – 8 Sep. 2006 {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20071021105803/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2317/stories/20060908001106600.htm Kuringi]}}</ref>

== Threat aversion ==
{{main|Kodaikanal#Mercury_pollution}}
[[File:Kodai-Monoculture_pine_forest.JPG|thumb|Monoculture pine plantation near Bear Shola]]
There is decreasing [[Biodiversity#Threats|biodiversity]], [[deforestation]], grasslands destruction, [[monoculture]] tree plantations, and [[Invasive species|invasive]] [[Introduced species|exotic plant species]] in the park. There is [[sewage]] [[Water pollution|pollution]], [[solid waste]] pollution and [[Mercury poisoning|mercury]] [[Soil contamination|contamination]].<ref>Yashwant Shailendra "''Mercury rising in Kodaikanal''", Infochange India, Toxic Tours - IV, retrieved 3/28/2007 {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20021120231902/http://infochangeindia.org/toxictours04.jsp Mercury rising in Kodaikanal]}}</ref> There is also [[Noise pollution|sound pollution]], [[visual pollution]], uncontrolled [[tourism]], [[overdevelopment]] and lake [[eutrophication]] in and near Kodaikanal town. The Government of Tamil Nadu and several local [[NGO]] [[Conservation movement|conservation]] groups are actively working to reduce some of these threats:

* The Government of Tamil Nadu completed establishment of a litter free zone and awareness campaign in Kodaikanal in 2000 at a cost of Rs 1. lakh.<ref>Govt. of Tamilnadu, Tourism, Demand No.50, Policy Note 2000-2001, State Government Schemes, Works in progress under Part-II Scheme 1999-2000, retrieved 26 January 2007. [http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy/tour-e.htm Policy Note 2000-2001, State Government Schemes]</ref>
* The Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, the Public Works Department and the local bodies are executing [[Bioremediation]] of Kodaikanal Lake under the National Lake Conservation Programme, with an expenditure of Rs.33.90 lakhs incurred till 2007.<ref>Tamil Nadu Ministry of Forests and Environment, Policy note 2006-2007, Demand 25, Dept. of Forests, page 49 [http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/Docu/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf Ministry of Forests, page 49] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101221225/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/Docu/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf|date=2007-01-01}}</ref>
* The Tamil Nadu Forest Dept. is implementing forest maintenance and restoration works over a period of 5 years from 2006 to 2007. Government of Tamil Nadu has sanctioned a sum of Rs.30.00 crores for the following components:
** Conservation and eco-restoration of degraded forests in Nilgiris and Palani Hills. During 2007–2008, it is proposed to take up degraded sholas over an extent of 3 square kilometres and to carry out other maintenance and improvement works at a cost of Rs. 590.75 lakhs.
** Improvement of roads in the forest areas of Tamil Nadu.
** Bio-diversity conservation.
** Maintenance and special repairs to Forest Department buildings.
** Raising shola seedlings for afforestation.

A sum of Rs.1327.50 lakhs has been released for this purpose during 2006–2007.<ref>Tamil Nadu Forest Dept. (2007) Projects & Programs 2007 - 2008, retrieved 9/2/2007 [http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/ProjectPrograms/major_scheme.html FOREST MAINTENANCE WORKS AS PER THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF 12TH FINANCE COMMISSION] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012233135/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/ProjectPrograms/major_scheme.html|date=2007-10-12}}</ref>

* The Palani Hills Conservation Council (PHCC) was formed by concerned residents in 1985 One of its first goals was to support and push for the creation of a national park or a wildlife sanctuary in the Palni Hills. Zafar Futehally and M.S. Viraraghavan were its leaders. The PHCC made a clear connection between natural forests and [[water security]] and coined the phrase: "''The health of the hills is the wealth of the plains.''" The PHCC generated a National Park proposal used by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department. One of the council's major contributions has been the creation of nurseries for indigenous trees. Today, thanks to its efforts, young shola trees thrive at Kodai institutions and in private gardens. The organisation sought to restrict unsustainable building development in the 1990s. The PHCC has been active in the case against mercury contamination of the once beautiful Pambar Shola.,<ref>The Hindu {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080615043018/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2016/stories/20030815000106600.htm "On The Danger List"]}}</ref><ref>Palni Hills Conservation Council [http://www.palnihills.org/ Palani Hills Conservation Council]</ref>
* The Vattakanal Conservation Trust promotes the conservation of Palni Hills' native plants and habitats by raising plant nurseries, establishing conservation gardens, working with the Forest Department to restore habitats and acquiring properties to ensure survival of specific species and ecosystems<ref>Vattakanal Conservation Trust [http://vct.in/index_files/Page329.htm Vattakanal Conservation Trust]</ref>
* [[Kodaikanal International School]] supports and leads environmental initiatives in the surrounding area. It offers an [[International Baccalaureate Program]] course on Environmental Systems.<ref>Kodaikanal International School, Environmental awareness programs.[http://kis.in/programs/environmental_awareness.html Kodaikanal International School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008071804/http://kis.in/programs/environmental_awareness.html|date=2007-10-08}}</ref>
* The Save Kurinji Campaign Council organises campaigns and programmes for conservation of the [[Kurinji]] plant and its habit.<ref>Save Kurinji Campaign Council [http://kurinji.in/index.html Save Kurinji Campaign Council]</ref>
* The Tamil Nadu Green Movement works on Nature Education, Conservation awareness, Judicial intervention, media awareness and works with other NGOs in the Western Ghats.<ref>The Tamil Nadu Green Movement-[http://www.tngreenmovement.org/about.html Tamil Nadu Green Movement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929200157/http://www.tngreenmovement.org/about.html|date=2007-09-29}}</ref><ref>News: The Group Endeavor for Environment and Nature Sustenance Pleas to the Forestry Minister for Palani Hills National Park.[http://kurinji.in/palani.html Tamil Nadu Green Movement, News]</ref>
* Elephant Valley at [[Vilpatti]], 8 km NW of Kodaikanal, is a {{convert|100|acre|km2|adj=on}} private [[nature reserve]] and [[organic farm]] welcoming [[eco-tourist]]s. They promote the [[Conservation ethic|conservation]] of traditional varieties of fruits, vegetables and cereals, including vegetables of all colours, shapes and sizes and orchards of [[Lime (fruit)|lime]], [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[avocado]]s, [[guava]]s and [[Indian gooseberry|amla]] intercropped with [[coffee]], [[Black pepper|pepper]], [[vanilla]], [[cinnamon]], [[nutmeg]], [[mango]]es, [[jack fruit]], [[pomegranate]], [[guava]]s and [[banana]]s.<ref>Elephant Valley Organic Farm, retrieved 4/13/2007 [http://www.elephantvalleyhotel.com/organic.htm Organic Farm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516085044/http://www.elephantvalleyhotel.com/organic.htm|date=2007-05-16}}</ref>

== Visitor information ==
The Kodaikanal Division Forest Office offers a book called ''Kodaikanal Beauty in Wilderness'', which has a list and map of local treks in the Kodaikanal area. Several trekking destinations are accessible from the [[Kodaikanal–Munnar Road]]. Permission from the Forest Department is necessary to visit areas deep inside the forests and for trekking in forests. Forest rest houses are available with advance reservation at Kodaikkanal, [[Poombarai]], [[Kukkal]], Kavunji, [[Berijam Lake|Berijam]] and Devadanapatty. Contact: District Forest officer, Kodaikkanal Forest Division, Kodaikanal, Dindigal District, Tamil Nadu, India. (open 10 am to 6 pm) Phone : 91-4542-240287<ref>[http://www.dindigul.tn.nic.in/forest.htm Kodaikkanal Forest Division] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031061543/http://www.dindigul.tn.nic.in/forest.htm|date=2009-10-31}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Palani Hills}}
* [http://www.palnihills.org/ Palni Hills Conservation Council]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article3846568.ece 20 years on, Kodaikanal wildlife sanctuary yet to take shape], The Hindu, 1 September 2012, P. OPPILI and B. ARAVIND KUMAR

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Montane grasslands and shrublands]]
[[Category:Grasslands of India]]
[[Category:Hills of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Kongu Nadu]]
[[Category:Dindigul]]

Banglar Mati Banglar Jol

2026-04-30T12:34:02Z

Trevor51P0492:

{{Short description|Official anthem of West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox anthem
|title = {{lang|bn|বাংলার মাটি বাংলার জল}}
|transcription = {{translit|bn|Banglar Maṭi Banglar Jol}}
|english_title = "Soil of Bengal, Water of Bengal"
|type = anthem
|alt_title =
|en_alt_title =
|alt_title_2 =
|en_alt_title_2=
|image = Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg
|image_size = 220px
|caption = [[Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath Tagore]], the author and composer of the national and state anthems of [[India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]]
|prefix = State
|country = [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
|author = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|lyrics_date = 1905
|composer = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|music_date = 1905
|adopted = 7 September 2023
|sound = Banglar-Mati-Banglar-Jol.ogg
|sound_title = Banglar Mati Banglar Jol
|predecessor = [[Banga Mata]]
}}

"'''Banglar Maṭi Banglar Jol'''" ({{langx|bn|বাংলার মাটি বাংলার জল}}, {{IPA|bn|ˈbaŋlaɾ ˈmaʈi ˈbaŋlaɾ dʒɔl|pron}}; "Soil of Bengal, Water of Bengal") is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] prayer<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/tagore-banglar-mati-banglar-jol-bengal-anthem-8930856/ | title=Tagore's 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol', and the sentiment of brotherhood and patriotism that it invokes | date=8 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://iastoppers.com/articles/banglar-mati-banglar-jol | title=IASToppers | UPSC IAS Exam Online Preparation | IAS Strategy Syllabus }}</ref> and patriotic song written by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and is the official [[List of Indian state songs|state anthem]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Rabindranath Tagore and his ideas - MANIFEST IAS|url=https://www.manifestias.com/2019/05/14/rabindranath-tagore-and-his-ideas/|access-date=2020-05-12|language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221173216/https://journalsofindia.com/rabindranath-tagore-and-his-ideas/ |archive-date=2021-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title=Tagore's 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol', and the sentiment of brotherhood and patriotism that it invokes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/tagore-banglar-mati-banglar-jol-bengal-anthem-8930856/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
An [[ode]] to [[Bangamata|Mother Bengal]], it was composed in 1905 in support of the Bangabhanga Rodh Movement against the [[1905 Partition of Bengal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Song banglar mati banglar jol {{!}} Lyric and History|url=https://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/B/baanglar-maati-lyric.html|access-date=2020-05-12|website=www.geetabitan.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:রবীন্দ্রনাথের সঙ্গীত ও কবিতায় স্বদেশপ্রেম|url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2014/09/19/135.php|access-date=2020-05-12|work=Bhorer Kagoj|language=bn|archive-date=2019-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913072714/http://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2014/09/19/135.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Rabindranath Tagore's incredible social reforms that few know about|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/rabindranath-tagore-322170-2016-05-07|access-date=2020-05-12|website=India Today|date=7 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=বঙ্গভঙ্গের বিরোধিতায় রবীন্দ্রনাথের রাখি বন্ধনে ছিল সম্প্রীতির বার্তা! আজও প্রাসঙ্গিক সেই ঐক্যের উৎসব|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/life/rabindranath-tagore-celebrates-rakhi-bandhan-utsav-in-october-pw7zvt/articleshow-tqdem4|access-date=2020-05-12|website=bangla.asianetnews.com|language=bn}}</ref> Tagore started "[[Raksha Bandhan|Raksha Bandhan Utsav]]" on 16 October 1905 to reunite [[Hindu]] and [[Bengali Muslims|Muslim Bengalis]] protesting the Partition of Bengal, and on that day, this song was the motto of the movement.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> The notation of the song was given by Indira Debi Chowdhurani.<ref name=":0" />

== Official adoption ==
On 7 September 2023, the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] passed a resolution making "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" the official [[List of Indian state songs|state song]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/politics/2584930-wb-assembly-passes-resolution-to-observe-bengali-new-year-poila-baisakh-as-bengal-day |title=WB assembly passes resolution to observe Bengali new year, Poila Baisakh, as Bengal Day |website=devdiscourse.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1055604/west-bengal-assembly-passes-resolution-declaring-rabindranath-tagore-composition-as-state-anthem |title=West Bengal Assembly passes resolution declaring Rabindranath Tagore composition as state anthem |work=Scroll.in |date=7 September 2023}}</ref>

== Lyrics ==
{| class="wikitable"
![[Bengali language|Bengali]] original<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=বিজয়া-সম্মিলন, ৪ {{!}} রবীন্দ্র রচনাবলী|url=http://rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org/node/8380|website=rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org|language=bn|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref>
![[Romanisation of Bengali]]
!English translation
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem>{{lang|bn|বাংলার মাটি বাংলার জল
বাংলার বায়ু বাংলার ফল
পুণ্য হউক পুণ্য হউক
পুণ্য হউক হে ভগবান।

বাংলার ঘর বাংলার হাট
বাংলার বন বাংলার মাঠ
পূর্ণ হউক পূর্ণ হউক
পূর্ণ হউক হে ভগবান।

বাঙালির পণ বাঙালির আশা
বাঙালির কাজ বাঙালির ভাষা
সত্য হউক সত্য হউক
সত্য হউক হে ভগবান।

বাঙালির প্রাণ বাঙালির মন
বাঙালির ঘরে যত ভাই বোন
এক হউক এক হউক
এক হউক হে ভগবান।}}</poem>
|<poem>{{translit|bn|italic=no|Banglar maṭi, banglar jol,
Banglar bayu, banglar phol.
Punyo houk, punyo houk,
Punyo houk, he bhogban.

Banglar ghor, banglar hat,
Banglar bon, banglar maṭh.
Purno houk, purno houk,
Purno houk, he bhogban.

Bangalir pon, bangalir asha,
Bangalir kaj, bangalir bhasa.
Sotyo houk, sotyo houk,
Sotyo houk, he bhogban.

Bangalir pran, bangalir mon,
Bangalir ghore, jot bhai boon.
Ek houk, ek houk,
Ek houk, he bhogban.}}</poem>
|<poem>Soil of Bengal, water of Bengal,
Air of Bengal, fruits of Bengal.
Let them be sacred, let them be sacred,
Let them be sacred, O Lord.

Homes of Bengal, markets of Bengal,
Forests of Bengal, fields of Bengal.
Let them be brimming, let them be brimming,
Let them be brimming, O Lord.

Bengali feats, Bengali hopes,
Bengali goals, Bengali tongues.
Let them be true, let them be true,
Let them be true, O Lord.

Bengali lives, Bengali minds,
In Bengali home as kins.
Let them be one, let them be one,
Let them be one, O Lord.</poem>
|}

== See also ==
* "[[Amar Shonar Bangla]]"
* [[Bangamata]]
* "[[Jana Gana Mana]]"

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*[https://rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org/node/8380/ rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org] (in Bengali)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxis3BHsw-A Banglar Mati Banglar Jo]

{{authority control}}
{{Indian state songs}}
{{National anthems of Asia}}

[[Category:Rabindra Sangeet]]
[[Category:Indian state anthems]]
[[Category:Songs written by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Indian patriotic songs]]
[[Category:Symbols of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Songs in Bengali]]
[[Category:1905 songs]]
[[Category:Indian protest songs]]

2004 Indian general election in Punjab

2026-04-29T03:13:44Z

Trevor51P0492: starting basic page initial version!

{{Short description|Results of 14th Lok Sabha election in Punjab, India}}
{{Infobox election
| election_date = 10 May 2004
| election_name = Indian general election in Punjab, 2004
| country = India
| next_election = 2009 Indian general election in Punjab
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1999 Indian general election in Punjab
| previous_year = 1999
| next_year = 2009
| ongoing = no
| seats_for_election = 13 seats
| turnout = 61.6%
| party1 = Shiromani Akali Dal
| leader1 = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| alliance2 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| alliance3 = [[Indian National Congress|INC+]] (post poll [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]])
| seats_before1 = 2
| seats1 = 8
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 6
| seats2 = 3
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader2 = [[Avinash Rai Khanna]]
| percentage2 = 10.48%
| percentage1 = 34.28%
| seats_before2 = 1
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 2
| party3 = Indian National Congress
| leader3 = [[Harvendra Singh Hanspal]]
| seats_before3 = 8
| seats3 = 2
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 6
| percentage3 = 34.17%
| leaders_seat1 = [[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency|Faridkot]] ''(won)''
| leaders_seat2 = [[Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshiarpur]] ''(won)''
| leaders_seat3 = ''did not contest''
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Avinash Rai Khanna in New Delhi.jpg|bSize=200|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=57|oTop=20}}
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Sukhbir Singh Badal.png|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=8}}
| map_image = Punjab in India.png
| image1_size = 70px
| image2_size = 100px
| map_size = 200px
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
}}

The [[2004 Indian general election]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] was held on 13 seats of Lok Sabha in April to May 2004 and elections were held in the 4th Phase on 10th May 2004 for all the 13 constituencies. The members were elected for the [[14th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Schedule for general elections 2004 |url=https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/3042-schedule-for-general-elections-2004/?do=download&r=7022&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=9b39aa893d335b61e29f64e45be0cf2d |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 July 2024}}</ref>

== Parties and alliances==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=4|Party/Alliance Name
!Flag
!Electoral symbol
!Leader
!colspan=2|Seats contested
|-
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
|rowspan=2|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Ashutosh |title=BJP, Akalis reap a positive harvest |url=http://www.hindu.com/elections2004/verdict2004/stories/2004052000380400.htm |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110002436/http://www.hindu.com/elections2004/verdict2004/stories/2004052000380400.htm |archive-date=10 January 2014}}</ref>
|{{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| [[File:SAD flag.svg|50x50px]]
| [[File:Shiromani Akali Dal symbol.svg|50x50px]]
|[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|colspan=2|10
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[Avinash Rai Khanna]]
|colspan=2|3
|-
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|United Progressive Alliance}}
|rowspan=3|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Review Report of Lok Sabha Elections (aug 2004) |url=https://cpim.org/review-report-lok-sabha-elections-aug-2004/ |website=Communist Party Of India (Marxist) |access-date=2 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| [[File:INC Flag Official.jpg|50x50px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px|Hand]]
|[[Harvendra Singh Hanspal]]
|colspan=2|11
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50x50px]]
| [[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px|Hand]]
|
|colspan=2|1
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India]]
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50x50px]]
| [[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px|Hand]]
|
|colspan=2|1
|-
|}

==List of Candidates==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}" |[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|-
! No.
! Name
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
|-
!1
|[[Gurdaspur Lok Sabha constituency|Gurdaspur]]
|{{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Vinod Khanna]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Sukhbans Kaur Bhinder]]
|-
!2
|[[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Amritsar]]
|{{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[R. L. Bhatia]]
|-
!3
|[[Tarn Taran Lok Sabha constituency|Tarn Taran]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Rattan Singh Ajnala]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria]]
|-
!4
|[[Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency|Jullundur]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Naresh Gujral]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Rana Gurjeet Singh]]
|-
!5
|[[Phillaur Lok Sabha constituency|Phillaur]] (SC)
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Santosh Chowdhary]]
|-
!6
|[[Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshiarpur]]
|{{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Avinash Rai Khanna]]
|{{Party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| Comrade Darshan Singh Mattu
|-
!7
|[[Ropar Lok Sabha constituency|Ropar]] (SC)
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Sukhdev Singh Libra]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Shamsher Singh Dullo]]
|-
!8
|[[Patiala Lok Sabha constituency|Patiala]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Kanwaljit Singh (politician)|Kanwaljit Singh]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Preneet Kaur]]
|-
!9
|[[Ludhiana Lok Sabha constituency|Ludhiana]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Sharanjit Singh Dhillon]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Manish Tewari]]
|-
!10
|[[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Arvind Khanna]]
|-
!11
|[[Bathinda Lok Sabha constituency|Bhatinda]] (SC)
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Paramjit Kaur Gulshan]]
|{{Party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}
| Kaushalya Chaman Bhaura
|-
!12
|[[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency|Faridkot]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Karan Kaur Brar]]
|-
!13
|[[Firozpur Lok Sabha constituency|Ferozepur]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Zora Singh Maan]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Jagmeet Singh Brar]]
|-
|}

== Results by Party/Alliance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Alliance/ Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!rowspan="3" style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| {{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
| 35,06,681
| 34.28
| {{increase}} 5.69
| 10
| 8
| {{increase}} 6
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 10,71,650
| 10.48
| {{increase}} 1.32
| 3
| 3
| {{increase}} 2
|-
! colspan="2"style="background:#fef3e8" | Total
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 45,78,331
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 44.76
! style="background:#fef3e8" | {{Steady}}
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 13
! style="background:#fef3e8" | 11
! style="background:#fef3e8" | {{Steady}}
|-
|rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|United Progressive Alliance}}
!rowspan="4" style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 34,95,187
| 34.17
| {{decrease}} 4.27
| 11
| 2
| {{decrease}} 6
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| 2,60,752
| 2.55
| {{decrease}} 1.19
| 1
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| 1,85,444
| 1.81
| {{decrease}} 0.37
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
! colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF" | Total
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 39,41,383
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 38.53
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | {{steady}}
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 13
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 2
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| 7,84,454
| 7.67
| {{increase}} 3.83
| 13
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)}}
| colspan="3"|[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|SAD(A)]]
| 3,87,682
| 3.79
| {{increase}} 0.38
| 6
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| {{Party color cell|Lok Bhalai Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Lok Bhalai Party|LBP]]
| 1,87,787
| 1.84
| {{steady}}
| 1
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | Others
| 67,827
| 0.67
| {{steady}}
| 26
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 2,81,608
| 2.75
| {{increase}} 0.30
| 70
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 1,02,29,072
! 100%
! -
! 142
! 13
! -
|}

== Results ==
In the election, the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] became the biggest party by winning 8 seats, with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] at 3 seats and [[Indian National Congress]] winning 2 seats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Punjab 2004 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha/2004/punjab/14/www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha/2004/punjab/14/7 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
! data-sort-type=number | %
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
|-
!1
|[[Gurdaspur Lok Sabha constituency|Gurdaspur]]
|Vinod Khanna
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|387,612
|49.32
|Sukhbuns Kaur Bhinder
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|362,629
|46.15
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|24,983
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3.18
|-

!2
|[[Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency|Amritsar]]
|Navjot Singh Sidhu
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|394,223
|55.38
|Raghunandan Lal Bhatia
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|284,691
|39.99
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|109,532
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15.39
|-

!3
|[[Tarn Taran Lok Sabha constituency|Tarn Taran]]
|Dr. Rattan Singh Ajnala
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|364,646
|50.83
|Sukhbinder Singh (Sukh Sarkaria)
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|308,252
|42.97
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|56,394
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|7.86
|-

!4
|[[Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency|Jullundur]]
|Rana Gurjeet Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|344,619
|46.46
|Naresh Gujral
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|311,156
|41.95
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|33,463
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4.51
|-

!5
|[[Phillaur Lok Sabha constituency|Phillaur (Sc)]]
|Charanjit Singh Atwal
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|324,512
|44.91
|Santosh Chowdhary
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|225,628
|31.23
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|98,884
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|13.69
|-

!6
|[[Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshiarpur]]
|Avinash Rai Khanna
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|289,815
|44.20
|Comrade Darshan Singh Mattu
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]]
|185,444
|28.28
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|104,371
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15.92
|-

!7
|[[Rupnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ropar (Sc)]]
|Sukhdev Singh Libra
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|347,631
|43.99
|Shamsher Singh Dullo
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|313,994
|39.73
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|33,637
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|4.26
|-

!8
|[[Patiala Lok Sabha constituency|Patiala]]
|Preneet Kaur
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|409,917
|46.89
|Kanwaljit Singh
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|386,250
|44.19
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|23,667
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2.71
|-

!9
|[[Ludhiana Lok Sabha constituency|Ludhiana]]
|Sharanjit Singh Dhillon
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|329,234
|37.85
|Munish Tewari
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|299,694
|34.45
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|29,540
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|3.40
|-

!10
|[[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur]]
|Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|286,828
|34.28
|Arvind Khanna
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|259,551
|31.02
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|27,277
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|3.26
|-

!11
|[[Bathinda Lok Sabha constituency|Bhatinda (Sc)]]
|Paramjit Kaur Gulshan
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|323,394
|42.37
|Kaushalya Chaman Bhaura
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|260,752
|34.17
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|62,642
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|8.21
|-

!12
|[[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency|Faridkot]]
|Sukhbir Singh Badal
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|475,928
|53.29
|Karan Kaur Brar
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|340,649
|38.14
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|135,279
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|15.15
|-

!13
|[[Firozpur Lok Sabha constituency|Ferozepur]]
|Zora Singh Maan
|{{Party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|357,102
|41.21
|Jagmeet Singh Brar
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|345,563
|39.87
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|11,539
!style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}} ; color:white;"|1.33
|-
|}

==Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Punjab ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
!#
!Name
!Constituency
!Designation
!Department
!From
!To
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|1
|Ambika Soni
|rowspan="3"|Rajya Sabha (Punjab)
|Cabinet Minister
|Minister of Culture Minister of Tourism
|29 January 2006
|rowspan="3"|22 May 2009
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|2
|M. S. Gill
|MoS (I/C)
|Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports
|6 April 2008
|-
|3
|Ashwani Kumar
|MoS
|Ministry of Commerce and Industry
|29 January 2006
|-
|}

== Assembly segments wise lead of parties ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Party
! colspan=3 | Assembly segments
|-
! {{Tooltip|2002|2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election}}
! {{Tooltip|2004|2004 Indian general election in Punjab}}
! {{Tooltip|2007|2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
| 41
| 62
| 48
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 62
| 29
| 44
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 3
| 22
| 19
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)}}"|
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)]]
| 0
| 2
| 0
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
| [[Communist Party of India]]
| 2
| 1
| 0
|-
! colspan="2" | Total
! colspan="3" | 117
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Punjab (India) elections}}
{{India-election-stub}}

[[Category:Indian general elections in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2004 Indian general election by state or union territory|Punjab]]
[[Category:2000s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

Tripura Swrwngnai Buthu

2026-04-27T04:23:33Z

Trevor51P0492: started a page and citations

{{Infobox organization
| name = Tripura Swrwngnai Buthu
| logo = TSB - Tripura Swrwngnai Buthu.png
| abbreviation = TSB
| formation = 24 October 1999
| type = Student organisation
| status = Non-political, Non-religious, Socio-cultural body
| headquarters = [[Tripura]], [[India]]
| region_served = Tripura
| num_members = Tripura Students
| parent_organization = Tripura Chubalai Buthu (TCB)
| fields = Culture, Education, Youth Development, Community Welfare
| website = {{URL|https://www.tripuraswrwngnaibuthu.org}}
}}

'''Tripura Swrwngnai Buthu''' ('''TSB''') is a non-political, non-religious socio-cultural student organization of the [[Tripuri people|Tripura]] community in the Indian state of [[Tripura]]. Founded on 24 October 1999, TSB promotes indigenous [[cultural preservation]], educational upliftment, youth leadership, and community welfare .<ref name="aboutus">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tripuraswrwngnaibuthu.org/p/about-us.html|title=About Us}}</ref> The organization functions through college units, subdivision committees, and a Central Committee and serves as the "student wing of Tripura Chubalai Buthu (TCB)."<ref name="aboutus" />

TSB is known for organizing cultural programmes, educational campaigns, welfare activities, and its annual State-Level Freshers’–cum–Social Meet, which draws participation from indigenous students across Tripura.<ref name="netimes1">{{Cite web|url=https://netimesbharat24.com/26th-state-level-freshers-cum-social-meet-2025-of-tripura-swrwngnai-buthu-tsb|title=26th State-Level Freshers’-cum-Social Meet 2025 of Tripura Swrwngnai Buthu (TSB) - NorthEast Times Bharat 24}}</ref>

== History ==
Tripura Swrwngnai Buthu was established on 24 October 1999 under the guidance of Tripura Chubalai Buthu (TCB).<ref name="aboutus" /> The organization was formed to unify Tripura students, promote Tripura culture, and encourage youth leadership and social responsibility.

Over the years, TSB has expanded its presence across Tripura through a structured organizational network. It has conducted numerous state-level student gatherings, leadership programs, health camps<ref name="tripuratimes">{{Cite web
|title=Tripura Swrwngnai Buthu organizes health camp, distributes clothes in Sabroom
|url=https://tripuratimes.com/ttimes/tripura-swrwngnai-buthu-organizes-health-camp-distributes-clothes-in-sabroom-25202.html
|website=Tripura Times
|access-date=27 November 2025
}}</ref>, cultural events, and welfare drives.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Student organisations in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1999]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripuri people]]
[[Category:Youth organisations based in India]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in India]]

Kailash Chandra Gahtori

2026-04-25T03:33:43Z

Trevor51P0492: created new entry

{{Short description|Indian businessman and politician (1968–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 21 April 2022
| predecessor = [[Hemesh Kharkwal]]
| successor = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]
| constituency = [[Champawat Assembly constituency|Champawat]]
| party = {{ubl|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (from 2012)|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (until 2012)}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1968|08|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Champawat district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|5|3|1968|08|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], India
}}

'''Kailash Chandra Gahtori''' (15 August 1968 – 3 May 2024) was an Indian businessman and politician who served in the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] from 2017 until his resignation in 2022, representing the [[Champawat Assembly constituency|Champawat constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

== Biography ==
Kailash Chandra Gahtori was born on 15 August 1968 in the [[Champawat district]] of [[Uttarakhand]], which was then part of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Vineet |date=11 May 2022 |title=MLA Who Vacated Seat For U'khand CM: Successful Builder, Bizman, Politician |url=https://newindian.in/mla-who-vacated-seat-for-ukhand-cm-successful-builder-bizman-politician/ |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=The New Indian |language=en-US |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107014649/https://newindian.in/mla-who-vacated-seat-for-ukhand-cm-successful-builder-bizman-politician/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kailash Chandra Gahtori, BJP MLA from Champawat |url=https://ourneta.com/h/kailash-chandra-gahtori/ |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=Our Neta |language=en-US |archive-date=3 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503101555/https://ourneta.com/neta/kailash-chandra-gahtori/kailash-chandra-gahtori/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After graduating from university with an arts degree, Gahtori started a construction company in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Gahtori returned to [[Uttarakhand]] in 2002, when he unsuccessfully ran as an independent candidate for the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] in the [[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2002 election]], running in the [[Lohaghat Assembly constituency|Lohaghat constituency]]. After his defeat, Gahtori returned to managing his business, and he came to own a hotel and two schools in the city of [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Avaneesh |date=21 April 2022 |title=Kailash Chandra Gahtori, the construction magnate who sacrificed seat for Uttarakhand CM Dhami |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/newsmaker-kailash-chandra-gahtori-construction-magnate-sacrificed-seat-dhami-uttarakhand-7880968/ |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120122732/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/newsmaker-kailash-chandra-gahtori-construction-magnate-sacrificed-seat-dhami-uttarakhand-7880968/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gahtori was a longtime member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], a paramilitary organization affiliated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], and he officially joined the BJP in 2012. Later that year, Gahtori was elected to the Champawat [[District council (India)|district council]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Gahtori again ran for the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly in the [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017 election]], running as the BJP candidate in the [[Champawat Assembly constituency|Champawat constituency]]; Gahtori defeated [[Indian National Congress]] incumbent [[Hemesh Kharkwal]], receiving 36,601 votes compared to Kharkwal's 19,241.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Champawat Assembly Election Results |url=https://www.oneindia.com/champawat-assembly-elections-uk-55/ |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[Oneindia.com]] |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107085341/https://www.oneindia.com/champawat-assembly-elections-uk-55/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gahtori ran for re-election in the [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]], facing Kharkwal in a rematch. Gahtori again defeated Kharkwal, but by a reduced margin, receiving 32,547 votes compared to Kharkwal's 27,243.<ref name=":2" /> However, [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]], the [[List of chief ministers of Uttarakhand|chief minister of Uttarakhand]], was defeated in his bid for re-election in the [[Khatima Assembly constituency|Khatima constituency]]. In order for Dhami to remain chief minister, Gahtori resigned from his seat on 21 April 2022, allowing Dhami to run for the Champawat constituency in a [[by-election]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hebbar |first=Nistula |date=21 April 2022 |title=Uttarakhand CM Dhami to contest Champawat bypoll |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/champawat-mla-resigns-vacates-seat-for-uttarakhand-cm-dhami/article65340909.ece |access-date=7 November 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107070820/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/champawat-mla-resigns-vacates-seat-for-uttarakhand-cm-dhami/article65340909.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Gahtori stated that it was his duty to resign, and that it would be an honour for Champawat to be represented by a chief minister.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 April 2022 |title=Champawat MLA Kailash Gahtori resigns, vacates seat for Uttarakhand CM |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/champawat-mla-kailash-gahtori-resigns-vacates-seat-for-uttarakhand-cm-122042100334_1.html |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[Business Standard]] |language=en |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107070820/https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/champawat-mla-kailash-gahtori-resigns-vacates-seat-for-uttarakhand-cm-122042100334_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhami won 31 May by-election in a landslide, receiving over 92% of the vote; his 58,258 votes was the highest number of votes received in a by-election in Uttarakhand's history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2022 |title=Uttarakhand CM wins bypoll by getting over 92% votes; BJD leads in Odisha |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/06/03/uttarakhand-cm-bypoll-by-getting-over-92-votes-bjd-leads-in-odisha.html |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |language=en |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107072322/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/06/03/uttarakhand-cm-bypoll-by-getting-over-92-votes-bjd-leads-in-odisha.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2022 |title=Pushkar Singh Dhami wins crucial Champawat bypoll by 55,025 votes, breaks record |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dhami-wins-crucial-champawat-bypoll-by-over-55-000-votes-101654237824468.html |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107070825/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dhami-wins-crucial-champawat-bypoll-by-over-55-000-votes-101654237824468.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After Dhami's victory, ''[[The Times of India]]'' reported that Gahtori was being considered for a ministerial position.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kautilya |date=5 June 2022 |title=After Bypoll Win, Dhami Set To Rejig Bureaucracy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/after-bypoll-win-dhami-set-to-rejig-bureaucracy/articleshow/92013815.cms |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107070816/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/after-bypoll-win-dhami-set-to-rejig-bureaucracy/articleshow/92013815.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 June 2022, Gahtori was appointed chairman of the Uttarakhand Forest Development Corporation, which gave him the rank of minister.<ref name="U'khand: Gehtori appointed chairman of forest development corporation">{{cite news|last1=ThePrint|title=U'khand: Gehtori appointed chairman of forest development corporation|url=https://theprint.in/india/ukhand-gehtori-appointed-chairman-of-forest-development-corporation/999601/|accessdate=20 January 2024|date=16 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120124002/https://theprint.in/india/ukhand-gehtori-appointed-chairman-of-forest-development-corporation/999601/|archivedate=20 January 2024}}</ref>

Gahtori died from a prolonged illness at the [[Government Doon Medical College]] hospital in [[Dehradun]], on 3 May 2024. He was 55.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=3 May 2024 |title=Former Champawat MLA Kailash Gahtori, Who Vacated Seat for CM Pushkar Dhami, Dead |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttarakhand/former-champawat-mla-kailash-gahtori-who-vacated-seat-for-cm-pushkar-dhami-dead-3006279 |access-date=3 May 2024 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |archive-date=3 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503082326/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttarakhand/former-champawat-mla-kailash-gahtori-who-vacated-seat-for-cm-pushkar-dhami-dead-3006279 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gahtori, Kailash Chandra}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Champawat district]]

Nirmala Convent

2026-04-21T09:30:16Z

Trevor51P0492: Put Up Initial Post More To Come!

{{short description|2016 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nirmala Convent
| image = Nirmala Convent.jpg
| caption = Movie Poster
| screenplay = G. Naga Koteswara Rao
| story = Concept Films Likith Srinivas
| producer = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Akkineni Nagarjuna]] [[Nimmagadda Prasad]]
| director = G. Naga Koteswara Rao
| starring = [[Roshan Meka]] [[Shriya Sharma]] Akkineni Nagarjuna
| music = Roshan Saluri
| cinematography = S. V. Vishweshwar
| editing = Madhu Manchinshetty
| studio = [[Annapurna Studios]] Matrix Team Works
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|09|16}}
| runtime = 144 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Nirmala Convent ''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by G. Naga Koteswara Rao, and produced by [[Akkineni Nagarjuna]] and [[Nimmagadda Prasad]] on [[Annapurna Studios]] and Matrix Team Works. The film features [[Roshan Meka]] and [[Shriya Sharma]] in their debut in lead roles while Nagarjuna appears as himself in a crucial role. It has music composed by Roshan Saluri.

Meka won [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu|Best Male Debut – Telugu]] at the [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards]], in addition to Best Debut Actor Award at the [[15th Santosham Film Awards]].

==Plot==
Samuel is the son of a peasant, David Suri whose livelihood is only from a 1-acre land. Samuel is studious and very intelligent and studies plus one in Nirmala Convent in a village Bhupati Nagaram near [[Samalkota]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Shanti, his classmate, daughter of rich landlord Bhupati Raja ([[Adithya (actor)|Aditya Menon]]) of the same village also studies in the same convent. Initially, their acquaintance begins with teasing & quarrel but slowly it turns into love. Upon learning this, Bhupati Raja strikes Samuel and insults his father in front of everyone. Even then to make his son's love successful, Samuel's father approaches Bhupati Raja with the marriage proposal, to which he agrees on one condition: Samuel acquire a name & money of his merit. Samuel decides to become popular, and lands in Hyderabad where he meets film star [[Akkineni Nagarjuna]] and asks him to conduct the ''Champion of Champions'' program in his village. After some drama, the star accepts his request. The rest of the story if Samuel wins this challenge and gains his love with Nagarjuna's support & cooperation. During the time of contest , upon Sam request the contest is conducted in his village. During the time of contest Bhupati plans many things to defeat Sam in the contest . During the last question of the contest, to everybody's shock he calls Bhupati Raju for the answer to show people that he is a loser. Finally Sam Wins the contest and defeats Bhupati Raju in the challenge .

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Roshan Meka]] as Samuel Suri
*[[Shriya Sharma]] as Shanti
*[[Akkineni Nagarjuna]] as himself
*[[Adithya (actor)|Aditya Menon]] as Bhupati Raja
*[[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] as Bhupati Raja's younger brother
*[[Sameer Hasan|Sameer]] as Bhupati Raja's elder brother
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as David Suri
*[[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as Bulli
*[[Roshan Kanakala]] as Bhasha
*Chandrahas as Venu
*Pavan Sriram as Ravi Varma
*Riteesh as Ranga
*Prasanna Kumar as Sarpanch
*Chitti
*Lab Sarath as Church father
*[[L. B. Sriram]] as Veerigadu
*[[Thagubothu Ramesh]]
*Jogi Brothers as Betting Brothers
*[[Satya Krishnan]] as Vasundhara
*Anitha Chowdary as Mary
*Bhargavi as Indu
*Indu Anand as Principal
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film was shot in five schedules in [[Jaipur]], [[Araku Valley]], [[Medak]], [[Nainital]], and [[Chikmagalur]].<ref name="ig">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-26|title='Nirmala Convent' digital trailer release date - Telugu News|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nirmala-convent-digital-trailer-release-date-telugu-news-161921.html|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> The film marks the lead debut of Roshan Meka, son actors [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] and [[Sivaranjani (actress)|Ooha]], after ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]'' in which he played as child artist. [[Shriya Sharma]] who has acted as child artist in few films also makes her debut as the lead actress.<ref name="ig" /> Roshan Saluri, son of music director [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] as the music director makes his maiden film composition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-01-16|title=Koti's son turns music director|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/kotis-son-turns-music-director/articleshow/44299766.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> [[A. R. Rahman]]'s son Master [[A. R. Ameen]] has debuted as a singer in Telugu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nirmala Convent (A. R. Rahman's son)|url=http://www.tollycolors.in/2016/02/niramala-convent-movie-ar-ameen-debut-song-promo-released-by-ar-rahman.html|work=Tolly Colors}}</ref> It even marks the acting debut of Roshan Meka (son of actor [[Meka Srikanth]] and actress [[ Ooha ]]) and Chandrahas (son of television actor Prabhakar).<ref>{{cite web|date=9 September 2016|title=Nirmala Convent: Nagarjuna sets stage for sons of Srikanth, Mahadevan, Rahman and Koti|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/nirmala-convent-nagarjuna-sets-stage-for-sons-of-srikanth-mahadevan-rahman-and-koti-3022952/|website=The Indian Express|publisher=}}</ref> Nagarjuna has crooned a special song in this film after 17 years. He previously sang for the movie ''[[Seetharama Raju]]'' (1999).<ref>{{cite web|title=Nagarjuna's Croon|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/news/Nagarjuna-sings-song-Nirmala-Convent|work=Telugu Cinema}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nirmala Convent
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Roshan Saluri
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|9|8}}
| recorded = 2016
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 18:50
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = Roshan Saluri
| prev_title =Gayakudu
| prev_year =2014
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by Roshan Saluri. Music released on ADITYA Music Company. The Audio launch held at N-Convention Centre, on 8 September 2016. [[Allu Aravind]] attended the function as chief guest, Nagarjuna Akkineni, Nimmagadda Prasad, Srikanth, Ooha, Koti, G. Naga Koteswara Rao, Roshan Saluri and several industry stalwarts have graced the occasion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nirmala-convent-audio-release-date-telugu-news-166554.html |title=Nirmala Convent (Audio Launch) |work=Indiaglitz|date=3 September 2016 }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 18:50
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Kotha Kotha Bhasha
| lyrics1 = [[Ananta Sriram]]
| extra1 = [[Nagarjuna Akkineni]]
| length1 = 3:42

| title2 = Mundhu Nuyya
| lyrics2 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra2 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| length2 = 3:48

| title3 = Emo Evaritho
| lyrics3 = Ananta Sriram
| extra3 = [[Siddharth Mahadevan]]
| length3 = 3:55

| title4 = Okkosari Oo Muddhu
| lyrics4 = Ananta Sriram
| extra4 = Srikanth, Damini
| length4 = 4:55

}}

==Reception==
Pranitha Jonnelagadda from ''[[The Times of India]],'' rated the film 2.5/5 and wrote, "''Nirmala Convent'' has an interesting message and class to give but the highly enthusiastic students that we are, we wanted a lot more!"<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 January 2017|title=NIRMALA CONVENT MOVIE REVIEW|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/nirmala-convent/movie-review/54377989.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[The Hindu]]'' also felt the same, stating, "The film falls short of being a memorable outing."<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-09-16|title=Nirmala Convent: Needed more homework|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Nirmala-Convent-Needed-more-homework/article14983764.ece|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Rating the film 2.5 of five stars, ''[[The Indian Express]]''' Krishna Vamsi stated, "Roshan Meka and Shriya Sharma's pair gives film some freshness, but the film fails to offer anything new in terms of script."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-18|title=Nirmala Convent movie review: Script falls short of passing marks|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/nirmala-convent-movie-review-akkineni-nagarjuna-roshan-meka-shriya-sharma-star-rating-3034270/|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> In an other mixed review, a critic from [[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi'']] appreciated the performances while criticising Koteswara Rao's screenplay and direction.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-16|title='నిర్మలా కాన్వెంట్' మూవీ రివ్యూ|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/nirmala-convent-movie-review-398022|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nagarjuna (actor)}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2016 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2016 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Indian teen romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Annapurna Studios films]]

Joshua de Souza

2026-04-19T21:20:51Z

Trevor51P0492: created new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1988)}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Joshua Peter de Souza
| image = Joshua D'Souza (cropped).jpg
| caption = De Souza in 2022
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|11|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mapusa, Goa]], India
| office3 = [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Member of Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Mapusa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mapusa]]
| term_start3 = 28 May 2019
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = [[Francis D'Souza (politician)|Francis D'Souza]]
| 3blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 3namedata1 = Pramod Sawant
| 1blankname2 = Speaker
| 1namedata2 = [[Ramesh Tawadkar]] (-2025) [[Ganesh Gaonkar]] (2025-)
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (since 2019)<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/bjp-gives-joshua-mapusa-bypoll-ticket-no-surprises-elsewhere/articleshow/68542295.cms</ref>
| spouse =
| children =
| father = [[Francis D'Souza (politician)|Francis D'Souza]]
| website =
| alma_mater = [[St. Xavier's College, Mapusa, Goa|St. Xavier's College]] ([[B.Com]])
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| office2 = Deputy Speaker [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 22 July 2022
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Subhash Phal Desai]]
}}

'''Joshua Peter de Souza''' (born 12 November 1988) is an Indian politician and businessman<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Joshua Peter De Souza(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MAPUSA(NORTH GOA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/goa2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=101 |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> who serves as a member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Mapusa Assembly constituency|Mapusa]] since 2019. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. On 22 July 2022, de Souza was elected as the Deputy Speaker of Goa Legislative Assembly with a majority of 24-12 votes against Siolim MLA [[Delilah Lobo]].

Currently, he is the Member of the Legislative Assembly of [[Mapusa]] Constituency, National General Secretary of Bharatiya Janta Party Minority Morcha, the Vice Chairman of Goa State Infrastructure Development Corporation (GSIDC) and the Chairman of Mormugao Planning and Development Authority (MPDA). Besides that, he is also a social worker and entrepreneur.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

== Personal life ==
De Souza is the son of former [[Deputy Chief Minister of Goa]] [[Francis D'Souza (politician)|Francis D'Souza]]. He completed his [[B.Com]] at [[St. Xavier's College, Mapusa, Goa|St. Xavier's College]] in Mapusa, Goa.<ref name=":0" />

De Souza's father died on 14 February 2019 at the age of 64, following a battle with [[cancer]]. After his death, de Souza decided to contest his first [[by-election]] in 2019. He won the 2019 by-election and was elected as the MLA of [[Mapusa Assembly constituency]]. He was re-elected in [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/goa/news/parsekar-backs-joshua-in-mapusa/articleshow/68880548.cms Laxmikant Parsekar backs Joshua de Souza in Mapusa]</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/bjp-gives-joshua-mapusa-bypoll-ticket-no-surprises-elsewhere/articleshow/68542295.cms BJP gives Joshua Mapusa bypoll ticket, no surprises elsewhere]</ref><ref>[https://myneta.info/goa2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=300 My Neta]</ref>

==Posts held==
*2015 – 2019: Councillor Ward No. 13, Mapusa Municipal Council
*2019 – present: MLA, Mapusa Constituency
*2021 – present: Vice Chairman of Goa State Infrastructure Development Corporation (GSIDC)
*2021 – present: National General Secretary of the BJP Minority Morcha
*2022 – present: Chairman of Mormugao Planning and Development Authority (MPDA)
*2022 – present: Deputy Speaker of Goa Legislative Assembly

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:De Souza, Joshua}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa]]
[[Category:People from Mapusa]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]

{{Goa-BJP-politician-stub}}

B. K. Karanjia

2026-04-19T20:43:06Z

Trevor51P0492: starting a info more to come

{{short description|Indian journalist}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
'''Burjor Khurshedji Karanjia''' (21 December 1919 – 25 June 2012) was an Indian film journalist and editor. He was the editor of ''[[Filmfare]]'' for 18 years, followed by ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' which he edited for 10 years. He also remained the chairman of the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] (NFDC).<ref name=toi>{{cite web | title = Film scribe B K Karanjia passes away | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Film-scribe-B-K-Karanjia-passes-away/articleshow/14379393.cms|date=25 June 2012| accessdate = 26 April 2014 | work = The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title=Film journalist B.K. Karanjia, former NFDC chairman, dead
|newspaper=Hindustan Times
|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/film-journalist-b-k-karanjia-former-nfdc-chairman-dead/article1-877546.aspx
|accessdate=26 April 2014
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426224820/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/film-journalist-b-k-karanjia-former-nfdc-chairman-dead/article1-877546.aspx
|archivedate=26 April 2014
|df=dmy
}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Karanjia was born and brought up in [[Quetta]] (now in Pakistan). He was named after his maternal grandfather, Burjorji Patel, a merchant in the [[Baluchistan]] region of British India. His family shifted to Bombay (now Mumbai) following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947. Here he lived in [[South Mumbai|South Bombay]] in a building known as 'Quetta Terrace', close to the [[Jinnah House]], along with his brother [[R. K. Karanjia]], who became a noted investigative journalist and founded ''[[Blitz (newspaper)|Blitz]]''.<ref name=toi/><ref name=hindu/> He studied at [[Wilson College, Mumbai]] and it was here that he first developed interest in films. In 1934, a group of students from the college were taken on a study tour to [[Bombay Talkies]] studio in [[Malad]]. There he saw the shooting of German director [[Franz Osten]]'s film ''Always Tell Your Wife'' with Najmal Hussain and [[Devika Rani]], which left him mesmerised.<ref>{{cite web | title = Beyond the limelight | author = B K Karanjia | publisher = Harmony Org | url = http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=7481 | year = 2009 | accessdate = 27 April 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140209081543/http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=7481 | archive-date = 9 February 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Career==
Karanjia started his career with the [[Indian Civil Services]] (ICS) after passing the exam in 1943, however within a few months of joining, he left services as he didn't enjoy the work in the Supplies department. He instead joined as a literary assistant in the National War Front organisation in India. Subsequently, he chose to become a film journalist. In between, he also joined the [[Godrej Group]], as publicity manager at their Malaysia factory.<ref name=hindu/><ref name=tri>{{cite web | title = Gallery of memories|publisher=The Sunday Tribune | url = https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060129/spectrum/book6.htm |date=29 January 2000|author=Himmat Singh Gill| accessdate = 27 April 2014 }}</ref>

In time he became the editor of the film magazine ''[[Filmfare]]'', a [[Times of India]] publication, where he worked for the next 18 years. During his tenure, the magazine almost doubled its circulation and he even tried to sort out the scandals associated with the [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref name=hindu/>

After his retirement from Filmfare, [[Ramnath Goenka]] offered him a stint as an editor at ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' of [[Indian Express]] group. Here for 10 years, he offered constant criticism to the film industry through his editorials. He went on to start two film magazines, ''Cine Voice'' and ''Movie Times''; but these were started without much infrastructure and Karanjia ended up losing a lot of his family inheritance in these ventures. He also authored several books on the [[Indian film industry]] and several biographies.<ref name=toi/><ref name=hindu>{{cite news| title = Writing for pleasure|author=V. Gangadhar| url = http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/01/29/stories/2006012900220500.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070502093648/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/01/29/stories/2006012900220500.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 May 2007 |date=29 January 2006| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 26 April 2014 }}</ref>

Karanjia was the founder of the Film Finance Corporation, which later became the NFDC with him as its chairman. In time, it started financing art films made on a low budget, initiating what is now known as [[Parallel cinema]], through the late 1970s and '80s.<ref>{{cite web| title = Former NFDC chairman BK Karanjia dies at 92|publisher= IBNLive| url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/former-nfdc-chairman-bk-karanjia-dies-at-92/267484-8-66.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120627135405/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/former-nfdc-chairman-bk-karanjia-dies-at-92/267484-8-66.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 27 June 2012 |date=23 June 2012| accessdate = 26 April 2014}}</ref>

The film ''[[Pestonjee]]'' starring [[Anupam Kher]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Shabana Azmi]], was based on his story about two Parsi friends. He also wrote dialogues of the film and co-wrote the screenplay with the director [[Vijaya Mehta]].<ref>{{IMDb name|0438904}}</ref> At the [[35th National Film Awards]], it won the award for [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]].<ref name="35thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/35th_nff_1988.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate= 6 March 2013}}</ref> His well-received autobiography, ''Counting My Blessings'' was published in 2005.<ref name=tri/>

==Personal life==
B. K. Karanjia was married to Abad (Allbless).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20051128/books2.html|title=India Today Magazine Issue - Dated September 20, 2021}}</ref> He lived in [[Bandra]], a Mumbai suburb. Later in life, after the death of his wife in 2005, he shifted to [[Sopan Baug]] area in [[Pune]] in 2007, where he died at Jehangir hospital at the age of 92. He was survived by daughters, Routton and Delshad, and son Yuzud. His elder brother, Russi died five years prior to him.<ref name=toi/>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=More of an Indian: A Novel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p9kQAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Sindhu Publications}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=Rustom Masani: Portrait of a Citizen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kIsfAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Popular Prakashan}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=Masks and faces (a collection of short stories)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ehaAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Vikas Pub. House|isbn=9780706946673}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=A many-splendoured cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fItIAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=New Thacker's Fine Art Press}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=Blundering in Wonderland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wONkAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|isbn=978-0-7069-4961-2}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=Godrej: The builder also grows|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ7tAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Penguin Books}}
* {{cite book|author1=B. K. Karanjia|title=Give me a Bombay merchant anytime!: the life of Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, Bt., 1783–1859|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMvsAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=University of Mumbai}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=Final victory: the life and death of Naval Pirojsha Godrej|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fMrsAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Viking|isbn=9780670896448}}
* {{cite book|author1=Braham S. Sood|author2=B. K. Karanjia|title=An alien in Bollywood: an autobiography (of the spouse of Kamini Kaushal)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEHbAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|isbn=9788174762764}}
* {{cite book|author1=Sohrab Pirojsha Godrej|author2=B. K. Karanjia|title=Abundant living, restless striving: a memoir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcvsAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Viking|isbn=9780670912056}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=Vijitatma: founder-pioneer Ardeshir Godrej|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsrsAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Viking|isbn=9780670057627}}
* {{cite book|author=B. K. Karanjia|title=Counting My Blessings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnlDhbhhB-QC|year= 2005|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-670-05849-5}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karanjia, B. K.}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Quetta]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Parsi writers]]
[[Category:The Times Group people]]
[[Category:Indian Express Limited people]]
[[Category:Indian film critics]]

[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:The Times of India journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Mumbai]]

Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:48Z

Trevor51P0492: put up

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_alt =
| alliance = 
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| region =
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no = 61
| established = 
| electors = 2,22,273
| abolished = 
| name = Garhi Sampla-Kiloi
| map_caption = [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
| mla = [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district = [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Bhupinder Singh Hooda.png
}}

'''Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 assembly constituencies of [[Haryana]] a northern state of [[India]]. It is also part of [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak Lok Sabha constituency]].

==List of Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]]|| [[Mahant Shreyonath]]|| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || [[Mahant Shreyonath]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2| Hari Chand Hooda|| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Lok Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || rowspan="3" | [[Krishan Hooda]]
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || [[Krishan Hooda]]
|-
| 2005*|| rowspan="5" | [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}
*By-Poll

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Garhi Sampla-Kiloi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,08,539 |percentage=72.72% |change={{increase}}6.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manju |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=37,074 |percentage=24.84% |change={{decrease}}1.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,496 |percentage=1.00% |change={{increase}}0.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parveen |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=895 |percentage=0.60% |change={{increase}}0.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=313 |percentage=0.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=71,465 |percentage=47.88% |change= {{increase}}8.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,49,248 |percentage=67.26% |change= {{decrease}}5.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,22,273 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Garhi Sampla-Kiloi<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=97,755 |percentage=65.82% |change={{increase}}8.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Nandal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=39,443 |percentage=26.56% |change={{increase}}10.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sandeep Hooda |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=5,437 |percentage=3.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamlesh Kumar Saini |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=2,433 |percentage=1.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,447 |percentage=0.97% |change={{decrease}}22.81 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=58,312 |percentage=39.26% |change= {{increase}}5.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,48,528 |percentage=72.36% |change= {{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,05,251 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.54 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}8.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Garhi Sampla-Kiloi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=80,693 |percentage=57.28% |change={{decrease}}22.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Kumar Nandal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=33,508 |percentage=23.78% |change={{increase}}8.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharamvir Hooda |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,101 |percentage=15.69% |change={{increase}}14.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bijender Sharma |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=1,197 |percentage=0.85% |change={{increase}}0.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,068 |percentage=0.76% |change={{decrease}}1.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,185 |percentage=33.49% |change= {{decrease}}30.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,40,881 |percentage=73.81% |change= {{increase}}5.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,90,869 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.35 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}22.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Garhi Sampla-Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=89,849 |percentage=79.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Kumar Nandal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=17,749 |percentage=15.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fateh Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,135 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Dev |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=936 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=676 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=72,100 |percentage=64.01% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,12,632 |percentage=68.66% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,64,050 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==Kiloi (1967-2005)==
===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=56,716 |percentage=66.54% |change={{increase}}13.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=21,853 |percentage=25.64% |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,863 |percentage=40.9% |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes=85,076 |percentage=67.27% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,468 |ref = |change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,513 |percentage=53.48% |change={{increase}}29.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Pal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=27,555 |percentage=37.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Bhaj Hooda |party=Independent politician |votes=3,027 |percentage=4.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarla Kumari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,311 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahender Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=901 |percentage=1.22% |change={{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=643 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraj Mal |party=Independent politician |votes=409 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,958 |percentage=16.19% |change= {{increase}}4.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=73,883 |percentage=70.75% |change= {{increase}}4.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,04,531 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Samata Party |swing= {{increase}}13.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Hooda]] |party=Samata Party |votes=27,884 |percentage=40.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Phool |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=19,719 |percentage=28.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Murti |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,846 |percentage=24.39% |change={{decrease}}20.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Duli Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,134 |percentage=1.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ratan |party=Independent politician |votes=914 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khazan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=365 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,165 |percentage=11.82% |change= {{increase}}6.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,073 |percentage=68.72% |change= {{increase}}3.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,04,405 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.78 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Samata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Murti |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,265 |percentage=45.01% |change={{increase}}11.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Hooda]] |party=Janata Party |votes=24,038 |percentage=39.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghuvir |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=4,687 |percentage=7.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,326 |percentage=2.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishna Chaudhary |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=871 |percentage=1.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=816 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=813 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,227 |percentage=5.33% |change= {{decrease}}21.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,580 |percentage=64.52% |change= {{decrease}}3.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,866 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}15.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishan Hooda]] |party=Lokdal |votes=33,650 |percentage=60.20% |change={{increase}}18.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,627 |percentage=33.32% |change={{increase}}1.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=1,117 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandrawati |party=Independent politician |votes=1,095 |percentage=1.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hawa Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=674 |percentage=1.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,023 |percentage=26.88% |change= {{increase}}17.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=55,895 |percentage=68.02% |change= {{decrease}}1.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,659 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{increase}}18.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Lokdal |votes=19,793 |percentage=41.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,240 |percentage=32.16% |change={{increase}}2.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shero Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=8,680 |percentage=18.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,436 |percentage=5.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Vir |party=Janata Party |votes=579 |percentage=1.22% |change={{decrease}}53.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maha Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=303 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,553 |percentage=9.61% |change= {{decrease}}15.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,392 |percentage=68.54% |change= {{increase}}6.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,164 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.96 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Janata Party |votes=19,357 |percentage=54.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ranbir Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,530 |percentage=29.77% |change={{decrease}}15.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surat Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,906 |percentage=11.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amed Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=812 |percentage=2.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radhey Krishan |party=Independent politician |votes=420 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=347 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,827 |percentage=24.95% |change= {{increase}}16.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,372 |percentage=61.33% |change= {{decrease}}14.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,218 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing= {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shreyo Nath |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=23,474 |percentage=54.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,704 |percentage=45.63% |change={{decrease}}6.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,770 |percentage=8.73% |change= {{increase}}3.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,178 |percentage=76.93% |change= {{increase}}5.93 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,271}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ranbir Singh Hooda]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,751 |percentage=51.93% |change={{increase}}20.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shreyo Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=17,025 |percentage=47.15% |change= ''{{decrease}}6.63''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan |party=Independent politician |votes=335 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,726 |percentage=4.78% |change= {{decrease}}17.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,111 |percentage=70.60% |change= {{decrease}}9.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,987 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kiloi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shreyo Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=21,079 |percentage=53.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,406 |percentage=31.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Bhaj |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,771 |percentage=12.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ram |party=Republican Party of India |votes=633 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munshi |party=Independent politician |votes=219 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,673 |percentage=22.13% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,195 |percentage=81.07% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,644 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
1.https://www.firstpost.com/politics/garhi-sampla-kiloi-election-2019-haryana-assembly-election-vidhan-sabha-seat-chunav-candidates-name-mla-votl/amp#aoh=15709444827498&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{coord|28.86|76.72|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Rohtak district]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Reasi Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:47Z

Trevor51P0492: Put Up New Entry W/ Infobox!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Reasi
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 57
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|district = [[Reasi district|Reasi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu]]
|established = 1962
|reservation = None
|mla = [[Kuldeep Raj Dubey]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|electors = 
}}

'''Reasi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. It is also part of [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14157-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-union-territory-of-jammu-kashmir-%E2%80%93-final-notification-%E2%80%93-regarding/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir – Final Notification – regarding. |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=5 May 2022 |access-date= 6 May 2022}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Rishi Kumar Kaushal || {{Full party name with color|Jammu Praja Parishad}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Bansi Lal Kohistani || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=2 | Rishi Kumar Kaushal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Jagjivan Lal || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Mohammed Ayub Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Jagjiven Lal || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || Jugal Kishore || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[Baldev Raj]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Ajay Nanda]]
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Kuldeep Raj Dubey]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Reasi|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0857.htm|access-date=9 July 2025|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709134721/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0857.htm|archive-date=9 July 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kuldeep Raj Dubey]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=39,647 |percentage=63.51% |change={{increase}}38.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mumtaz Ahmed |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,832 |percentage=33.37% |change={{increase}}11.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arjun Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=501 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=414 |percentage=0.66% |change={{decrease}}0.02 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,815 |percentage=30.14% |change= {{increase}}27.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,430 |percentage=73.55% |change= {{decrease}}6.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,877 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}21.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}38.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ajay Nanda]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,017 |percentage=25.26% |change={{decrease}}11.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saraf Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=20,130 |percentage=23.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jugal Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,929 |percentage=21.71% |change={{decrease}}5.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karnail Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=10,256 |percentage=11.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjiwan Lal |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=9,457 |percentage=10.85% |change={{decrease}}11.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Raj Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=2,061 |percentage=2.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karan Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,048 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=597 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,887 |percentage=2.16% |change= {{decrease}}7.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,171 |percentage=80.32% |change= {{increase}}6.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,08,535 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}11.75 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Baldev Raj]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,031 |percentage=37.01% |change={{increase}}3.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jugal Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,369 |percentage=27.54% |change={{decrease}}9.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjeevan Lal |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=15,653 |percentage=22.25% |change={{decrease}}1.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhupinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,788 |percentage=3.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardhari Lal Dubey |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=1,503 |percentage=2.14% |change={{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meenakshi Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=710 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Kumar Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=693 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,662 |percentage=9.47% |change= {{increase}}6.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,336 |percentage=73.61% |change= {{increase}}11.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,553 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.04 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jugal Kishore |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,045 |percentage=36.97% |change={{increase}}26.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Baldev Raj]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,989 |percentage=33.67% |change={{increase}}17.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjiwan Lal |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=14,781 |percentage=23.71% |change={{increase}}14.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Vakil Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=1,172 |percentage=1.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Davinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=511 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kushal Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=458 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bansi Lal Thakur |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=380 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,056 |percentage=3.30% |change= {{decrease}}8.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,333 |percentage=62.20% |change= {{increase}}1.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,222 |ref = |change= {{increase}}41.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Dal |swing= {{increase}}9.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjiven Lal |party=Janata Dal |votes=11,974 |percentage=27.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Baldev Raj]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,072 |percentage=16.52% |change={{increase}}3.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gandharb Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=6,140 |percentage=14.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jugal Kishore |party=Independent politician |votes=5,873 |percentage=13.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardari Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,459 |percentage=10.42% |change={{decrease}}36.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Des Raj |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=3,846 |percentage=8.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=858 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,902 |percentage=11.45% |change= {{decrease}}18.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,812 |percentage=61.24% |change= {{decrease}}5.13 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,987 |ref = |change= {{increase}}40.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}19.03 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ayub Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,545 |percentage=46.99% |change={{increase}}19.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjiwan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,762 |percentage=17.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=5,534 |percentage=16.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madhav Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,377 |percentage=13.23% |change={{decrease}}6.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=716 |percentage=2.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashwani Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=520 |percentage=1.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagpaul Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=382 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,783 |percentage=29.58% |change= {{increase}}24.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,078 |percentage=66.58% |change= {{increase}}7.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,545 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}14.14 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjivan Lal |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=7,895 |percentage=32.86% |change={{increase}}18.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajit Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,693 |percentage=27.86% |change={{increase}}15.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rishi Kumar Kaushal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,671 |percentage=19.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,457 |percentage=18.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=196 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,202 |percentage=5.00% |change= {{decrease}}33.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,027 |percentage=59.43% |change= {{increase}}4.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,215 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.34 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}19.98 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rishi Kumar Kaushal |party=Janata Party |votes=9,931 |percentage=52.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghunath Das |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=2,699 |percentage=14.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranjit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,583 |percentage=13.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bansi Lal Kohistani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,349 |percentage=12.50% |change={{decrease}}29.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hai Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=641 |percentage=3.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rishpal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=256 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kidar Nath Sapolia |party=Independent politician |votes=199 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,232 |percentage=38.48% |change= {{increase}}25.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,794 |percentage=54.70% |change= {{decrease}}14.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,828 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{decrease}}1.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rishi Kumar Kaushal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=10,480 |percentage=54.74% |change={{increase}}8.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. D. Thakar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,050 |percentage=42.05% |change={{decrease}}6.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghunath Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=615 |percentage=3.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,430 |percentage=12.69% |change= {{increase}}10.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,145 |percentage=70.83% |change= {{increase}}1.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,040 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bansi Lal Kohistani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,417 |percentage=48.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. K. Kaushal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=7,999 |percentage=45.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. L. Suri |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=976 |percentage=5.61% |change={{decrease}}38.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=418 |percentage=2.40% |change= {{increase}}1.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,392 |percentage=69.27% |change= {{decrease}}2.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,003 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu Praja Parishad |swing= {{increase}}2.94 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Reasi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rishi Kumar Kaushal |party=Jammu Praja Parishad |votes=8,842 |percentage=45.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikhi Kesh |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=8,595 |percentage=44.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Lal |party=Harijan Mandal |votes=635 |percentage=3.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munshi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=511 |percentage=2.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=510 |percentage=2.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Behari Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=359 |percentage=1.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=247 |percentage=1.27% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,452 |percentage=72.01% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,090 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu Praja Parishad |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [https://beingdogra.com/reasi/ Reasi]
* [[Reasi district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|33.08|74.84|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Reasi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Rajeev Ravindranathan

2026-04-14T01:13:31Z

Trevor51P0492: Put Up Basic Details First Draft

{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox person | name = Rajeev Ravindranathan | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = Actor | years_active =2003-present | known_for = | notable_works = ''[[English Vinglish]]'' (2012)}}

'''Rajeev Ravindranathan''' (also known as '''Rajeev Ravindranath''') is an Indian actor and comedian who works in Hindi and Tamil-language films. He is known for his roles in ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009), ''[[English Vinglish]]'' (2012), and ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2014 |title=Rajeev Ravindranathan's review of Lingaa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/rajeev-ravindranathans-review-of-lingaa/articleshow/45519297.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230060958/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Rajeev-Ravindranathans-review-of-Lingaa/articleshow/45519297.cms |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Rajeev Ravindranathan begins shoot for R Balki's next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/rajeev-ravindranathan-begins-shoot-for-balkis-next/articleshow/29849041.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706220415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Rajeev-Ravindranathan-begins-shoot-for-Balkis-next/articleshow/29849041.cms |archive-date=6 July 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2014 |title=Rajini, forgive me: Rajeev Ravindranathan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/rajini-forgive-me-rajeev-ravindranathan/articleshow/45491982.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104024533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Rajini-forgive-me-Rajeev-Ravindranathan/articleshow/45491982.cms |archive-date=4 January 2015 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Rajeev Ravindranathan studied business management for his bachelor's degree at [[Christ University]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2007 |title=Saatchi's Rajeev Ravindranathan to join Fish Eye as creative director |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/16838_saatchis-rajeev-ravindranathan-to-join-fish-eye-as-creative-director |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804112230/https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/16838_saatchis-rajeev-ravindranathan-to-join-fish-eye-as-creative-director |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=5 August 2022 |website=Afaqs!}}</ref> He originally began his career at [[HSBC]] in the late 1990s and went on to work various jobs in financial planning and advertising until the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalra |first=Neha |date=8 February 2010 |title=Who's That - Rajeev Ravindranathan couldn't become an idiot |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/whos-that/26213_whos-that---rajeev-ravindranathan-couldnt-become-an-idiot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804110918/https://www.afaqs.com/news/whos-that/26213_whos-that---rajeev-ravindranathan-couldnt-become-an-idiot |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=Afaqs!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachit Vats |date=15 October 2007 |title=Rajeev Ravindranathan back to Saatchi as CD |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/19393_rajeev-ravindranathan-back-to-saatchi-as-cd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804112248/https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/19393_rajeev-ravindranathan-back-to-saatchi-as-cd |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=5 August 2022 |website=afaqs!}}</ref>

== Career ==
Ravindranathan played minor roles in ''[[Freaky Chakra]]'' (2003) and ''[[Bas Yun Hi]]'' (2003), but was first noticed in [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009) for his role as a senior in college who [[Ragging|rags]] [[Aamir Khan]]'s character.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=The after-effect |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2022/jul/08/the-after-effect-2474434.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719190913/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2022/jul/08/the-after-effect-2474434.html |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> He initially auditioned for the role of Chatur (later played by [[Omi Vaidya]]) and was cast in [[R. Madhavan]]'s role. After shooting for the film for two months, his scenes were reshot because Hirani wanted to cast a "known face" and he was cast in a different role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parinatha Sampath |date=29 January 2013 |title=Sridevi has some sort of superpower: Rajeev Ravindranathan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sridevi-has-some-sort-of-superpower-rajeev-ravindranathan/articleshow/18221482.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804133055/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sridevi-has-some-sort-of-superpower-rajeev-ravindranathan/articleshow/18221482.cms |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He notably played Ramamurthy, [[Sridevi]]'s [[Tamil language|Tamil]] techie classmate in English class in ''[[English Vinglish]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taniya Talukdar |date=23 July 2014 |title=Why is Rajeev Ravindranathan tight-lipped about his next film? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/why-is-rajeev-ravindranathan-tight-lipped-about-his-next-film/articleshow/38861953.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121104245/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Why-is-Rajeev-Ravindranathan-tight-lipped-about-his-next-film/articleshow/38861953.cms |archive-date=21 January 2016 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2018 |title=An ode to Sridevi: Rajeev Ravindranathan shares his memories from the sets of English Vinglish |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2018/feb/26/an-ode-to-sridevi-rajeev-ravindranathan-shares-his-memories-from-the-sets-of-english-vinglish-6262.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804133100/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2018/feb/26/an-ode-to-sridevi-rajeev-ravindranathan-shares-his-memories-from-the-sets-of-english-vinglish-6262.html |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[Indulge Express]]}}</ref> Post this film, Ravindranathan went on to play roles in various films such as ''[[Shamitabh]]'' (2015) and ''[[Waiting (2015 film)|Waiting]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2014 |title=Who's Rajeev Ravindranathan supporting this World Cup? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/whos-rajeev-ravindranathan-supporting-this-fifa/articleshow/36707885.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804133059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/whos-rajeev-ravindranathan-supporting-this-fifa/articleshow/36707885.cms |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2015 |title=Rajeev parties with Balki and Gauri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/rajeev-parties-with-balki-and-gauri/articleshow/46173440.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515061934/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Rajeev-parties-with-Balki-and-Gauri/articleshow/46173440.cms |archive-date=15 May 2015 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |via=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Parinatha Sampath |date=7 December 2014 |title=Watching Naseeruddin Shah on the set was inspiring: Rajeev Ravindranathan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/watching-naseeruddin-shah-on-the-set-was-inspiring-rajeev-ravindranathan/articleshow/45394095.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804133059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/watching-naseeruddin-shah-on-the-set-was-inspiring-rajeev-ravindranathan/articleshow/45394095.cms |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2014 |title=Rajeev Ravindranathan completes his movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/rajeev-ravindranathan-completes-his-movie/articleshow/45614006.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804133059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/rajeev-ravindranathan-completes-his-movie/articleshow/45614006.cms |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He garnered appreciation by the audience for his role in ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]'' (2022) as Param, Nambi Narayanan's friend. The character is fictitious and an amalgamation of different people in Narayanan's life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2022 |title=Told Madhavan I'd do anything to tell Nambi Narayanan's story: Actor Rajeev Ravindranathan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/jul/06/told-madhavan-iddo-anything-to-tell-nambi-narayanans-story-actor-rajeev-ravindranathan-2473285.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719182559/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/jul/06/told-madhavan-iddo-anything-to-tell-nambi-narayanans-story-actor-rajeev-ravindranathan-2473285.html |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

Ravindranathan is [[Bengaluru]]-based and has appeared in several plays.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2012 |title=Men unlimited |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/men-unlimited/article3320409.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702041340/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/men-unlimited/article3320409.ece |archive-date=2 July 2018 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2017 |title=Stuff that men often don’t talk about |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/stuff-that-men-often-dont-talk-about/articleshow/61171175.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317222357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bangalore/stuff-that-men-often-dont-talk-about/articleshow/61171175.cms |archive-date=17 March 2020 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2003 || ''[[Freaky Chakra]]'' || Ticket clerk || [[English language|English]]
|-
| ''[[Bas Yun Hi]]'' || || [[Hindi]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Phir Milenge (2004 film)|Phir Milenge]]'' || Tamanna's friend|| Hindi
|-
| 2009 || ''[[3 Idiots]]'' || Ragging Senior || Hindi
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Vettai]]'' || Gautham, Jayanthi's fiance || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[English Vinglish]]'' || Ramamurthy || Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015 || ''[[Shamitabh]]'' || Media reporter || Hindi
|-
| ''[[Waiting (2015 film)|Waiting]]'' || Girish || Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022 || ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]'' || Param || English Hindi Tamil
|-
|''[[Chup: Revenge of the Artist]]'' || Srinivas Shetty || Hindi
|-
|2024 || ''[[Raghu Thatha]]'' || Ashish Guptha|| Tamil
|-
|2025 || !scope="row" align="left" {{Pending film|Boundaries}}|| Ravikant || English
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
! Network
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Killer Soup]]'' || DSP Udaya Reddy || Hindi Tamil || [[Netflix]]
|}

== Plays ==
''Sources''<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2014 |title=Bollywood takes note of Bangalore talent |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bollywood-takes-note-of-bangalore-talent/articleshow/35515048.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804133129/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bollywood-takes-note-of-bangalore-talent/articleshow/35515048.cms |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2017 |title=Man matters |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/man-matters/article19882325.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023345/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/man-matters/article19882325.ece |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sravasti Datta |date=20 January 2013 |title=The return of the director |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/the-return-of-the-director/article4361264.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804133100/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/the-return-of-the-director/article4361264.ece |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
*''Owl and the Pussy Cat''
*''Zoo Story''
*''Filth'' by Irvine Welsh
*''Gentleman''
*''God of Carnage''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
*{{IMDb name|3569470}}

[[Category:Actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravindranathan, Rajeev}}

Shrirampur Newasa Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:28:45Z

Trevor51P0492: started first entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Shrirampur Newasa
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 55,394
| mla = Chaugule Bhaurao Govindrao
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Shrirampur Newasa Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Chaugule Bhaurao Govindrao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shrirampur Newasa <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chaugule Bhaurao Govindrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,534 |percentage = 53.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Sakharam Shripatrao |party = Kamgar Kisan Paksha |votes = 7,555 |percentage = 29.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Sharangdhar Radhaji |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 4,344 |percentage = 17.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,979 |percentage = 23.51% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,433 |percentage = 45.91% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,433}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,394 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]][[Constituencies established in 1951]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

White Shirt

2026-04-09T17:38:59Z

Trevor51P0492: started some details w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = White Shirt.jpg
| director = [[Sumit Arora]]
| writer = Sumit Arora
| producer = Sumit Arora
| starring = {{Plain list|
* [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]
* [[Kritika Kamra]]
}}
| cinematography = Surjodeep Ghosh
| editing = Nipun Gupta
| music = Advait Nemlekar
| studio = Highway Films
| distributor = [[Royal Stag|Royal Stag Barrel Select Large Short Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|02|20}}
| runtime = 18 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''White Shirt''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] short film written and directed by [[Sumit Arora]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Shailaja |title=A fine short |website=The Hindu |date=1 March 2017 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Young-filmmaker-talks-about-his-short-film-White-Shirt/article17387573.ece |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910064425/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Young-filmmaker-talks-about-his-short-film-White-Shirt/article17387573.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Produced under the banner of Highway Films, it stars [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] and [[Kritika Kamra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kunal Kapoor wants actress Kritika Kamra to return him his white shirt |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=23 February 2017 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/230217/kunal-kapoor-wants-actress-kritika-kamra-to-return-him-his-white-shirt.html |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910064720/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/230217/kunal-kapoor-wants-actress-kritika-kamra-to-return-him-his-white-shirt.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The story behind a white shirt |website=Deccan Herald |date=23 February 2017 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/story-behind-white-shirt-1991866 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111220619/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/story-behind-white-shirt-1991866 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was released on [[YouTube]] on 20 February 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virtual |website=The Telegraph (India) |date=25 February 2017 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/virtual/cid/1425106 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910071138/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/virtual/cid/1425106 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Five Indian mind-blowing short films |website=The Statesman |date=21 March 2017 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/five-indian-mind-blowing-short-films-1490099791.html |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910072853/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/five-indian-mind-blowing-short-films-1490099791.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |title=Top 10 Indian Short Films |website=Film Companion |date=10 April 2017 |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/top-10-indian-short-films |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910072809/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/top-10-indian-short-films |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Varma |first=Lipika |title=Naina and I don't fight, says Kunal Kapoor |website=The Asian Age |date=24 February 2017 |url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/240217/naina-and-i-dont-fight-says-kunal-kapoor.html |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913045938/https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/240217/naina-and-i-dont-fight-says-kunal-kapoor.html |url-status=live}}</ref> as Aveek
* [[Kritika Kamra]]<ref>{{cite web |title='व्हाइट शर्ट'मध्ये कृतिका |website=Maharashtra Times |date=27 June 2016 |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/entertainment-gossips/kritika-kamra-does-a-short-film-named-white-shirt/articleshow/52925937.cms |language=mr}}</ref> as Vani
* Vaibhav Raj Gupta as Vibhor

== Production ==
The film was announced in February 2017, starring [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] and [[Kritika Kamra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kunal Kapoor and Kritika Kamra to feature in short film 'White Shirt' |website=Mid-day |date=24 June 2016 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/kunal-kapoor-and-kritika-kamra-to-feature-in-short-film--white-shirt--17366176 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910064319/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/Kunal-Kapoor-and-Kritika-Kamra-to-feature-in-short-film--White-Shirt--17366176 |url-status=live}}</ref> A special screening of the film was held at Mumbai on 20 February 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=White Shirt: Screening Movie Photos {{!}} White Shirt: Screening Movie Stills {{!}} White Shirt: Screening Premiere Movie Photo Gallery - ETimes Photogallery |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/premiere/white-shirt-screening/01-img_0418-jpg/articleshow/57287496.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910072537/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/premiere/white-shirt-screening/01-img_0418-jpg/articleshow/57287496.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Surabhi Redkar of ''Koimoi.com'' gave the film 3/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |last=Redkar |first=Surabhi |title=White Shirt Short Film Review – Must Watch For All Those Heartbroken Souls To Help Move On |website=Koimoi |date=21 February 2017 |url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/white-shirt-short-film-review-must-watch-for-all-those-heartbroken-souls-to-help-move-on/ |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910064922/https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/white-shirt-short-film-review-must-watch-for-all-those-heartbroken-souls-to-help-move-on/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Scroll.in]]'' reviewed the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: In 'White Shirt', a garment is the deal-breaker in a marriage |website=Scroll.in |date=26 February 2017 |url=https://scroll.in/reel/830318/watch-in-white-shirt-a-garment-is-the-deal-breaker-in-a-marriage |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913045827/https://scroll.in/reel/830318/watch-in-white-shirt-a-garment-is-the-deal-breaker-in-a-marriage |url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://largeshortfilms.com/barrel-select-indian-short-films/white-shirt/ ''White Shirt'']{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} on [[Royal Stag|Large Short Films]]
* {{YouTube|id=WiXHY4kX4SQ|White Shirt}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

[[Category:2017 short films]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian short films]]
[[Category:Films released on YouTube]]
[[Category:2017 YouTube videos]]

Nagpur I Assembly constituency

2026-04-08T17:30:36Z

Trevor51P0492: Started A Data...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nagpur I
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1964 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Delimitation Commission (1964) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 94,575
| mla = Vinayak Sakharam Dandekar
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}

'''Nagpur I Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Madangopal Jodharaj Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Agarwal Madan Gopal Jodharaj
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Vinayak Sakharam Dandekar || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur I <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vinayak Sakharam Dandekar |party = Independent politician |votes = 30,643 |percentage = 46.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maangopal Jodharaj Agarwal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,191 |percentage = 22.99% |change = {{decrease}}22.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vasant Purushottam Sathe |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 12,294 |percentage = 18.61% |change = {{decrease}}9.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankarrao Sakharamji Supare |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,957 |percentage = 5.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Zahiruddin M. Hafizuddin |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,091 |percentage = 4.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Namdeorao Kamalakar |party = Independent politician |votes = 612 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,452 |percentage = 23.39% |change = {{increase}}6.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,064 |percentage = 73.03% |change = {{increase}}5.81 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,069}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,575 |ref = |change = {{increase}}30.07 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur I <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Agarwal Madan Gopal Jodharaj |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,057 |percentage = 45.13% |change = {{decrease}}2.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sathe Vasantrao Purushottam |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 13,826 |percentage = 28.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahendre Narendra Bhayaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,452 |percentage = 19.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khare Narayan Bhaskar |party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha |votes = 1,356 |percentage = 2.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vyas Pannalal Mulchand |party = Independent politician |votes = 837 |percentage = 1.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parate Babulal Bhagwandin |party = Independent politician |votes = 526 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Burade Purushottam Pandurang |party = Independent politician |votes = 431 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Paranjpe Kashinath Dhundiraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 392 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,231 |percentage = 16.84% |change = {{decrease}}12.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,877 |percentage = 67.22% |change = {{decrease}}21.19 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,877}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,709 |ref = |change = {{increase}}110.37 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur I <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Madangopal Jodharaj Agarwal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,467 |percentage = 47.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Revaram Vithoba Kawade |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 5,614 |percentage = 18.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchandra Kashinath Manohar |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 5,231 |percentage = 17.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Minhaul Hasan Syed Maimuddin Ahmad |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 1,599 |percentage = 5.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pannalal Kanhaiyalal Deshraj |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 1,355 |percentage = 4.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhupendranath Mukherjee |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 645 |percentage = 2.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anant Vishnu Khare |party = Independent politician |votes = 435 |percentage = 1.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lala Jalnarain Lala Mohanlal |party = Independent politician |votes = 415 |percentage = 1.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sadashiv Balwant Karkare |party = Independent politician |votes = 211 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,853 |percentage = 28.97% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,557 |percentage = 88.41% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,557}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,563 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Kar Kachhe Koi Moner Kotha

2026-04-01T07:15:38Z

Trevor51P0492: created new stub

{{Short description|Indian Bengali television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kar Kachhe Koi Moner Kotha.jpg
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = Organic Studios
| based_on =
| developer =
| writer = '''Dialogues''' Leena Gangopadhyay
| screenplay = Leena Gangopadhyay
| story = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| director = Dipankar Dey
| creative_director = Leena Gangopadhyay
| starring = [[Manali Dey]] Dronn Mukherjee
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer = Debojit Roy
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| executive_producer = Paromita Sengupta (Organic Studios) Sramona Ghosh & Aniruddha Ghosh (Zee Bangla)
| producer = Arka Ganguly
| editor = Sampriti Chakraborty
| cinematography = Pintu Si
| camera = Multi-camera
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 333
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| runtime = 20-22 min approx.
| company = Organic Studios
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2023|7|3}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2024|6|21}}
}}
'''''Kar Kachhe Koi Moner Kotha''''', also '''KKKMK''', is an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language [[Romance film|Romantic]] [[Drama]] television series that was broadcast on the Indian Bengali general entertainment channel [[Zee Bangla]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=মনের কথা বোঝে না বর, শাশুড়ি খুঁত খুঁজতে ব্যস্ত, মানালির সহচরী হয়ে উঠবে পড়শিরা |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/manalis-comeback-mega-kar-kache-koi-moner-kothas-promo-out-now-watch-31686619915314.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626073220/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/manalis-comeback-mega-kar-kache-koi-moner-kothas-promo-out-now-watch-31686619915314.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Hindustan Times Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Bengali Serial: বিয়ের পর কাকে বলবেন 'মনের কথা', মানালির পড়শীরাই হয়ে উঠবেন তাঁর সই |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/story/kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-promo-out-manali-dey-basabdutta-comeback-in-this-serial-television-bengali-serial-related-news-banglay-sum-578525-2023-06-13 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> and is also available on the digital platform [[ZEE5]]. It premiered on 3 July 2023. The series is produced by Arka Ganguly under the banner of Organic Studios<ref>{{Cite web |title=স্বামী নয়, মনের কথা বোঝে পড়শিরাই! প্রকাশ্যে মানালির নতুন ধারাবাহিকের প্রোমো |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/tv-news/bengali-actress-manali-dey-returns-with-new-serial-kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-promo-out/articleshow/100956029.cms |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Ei Samay |language=bn}}</ref> It stars [[Manali Dey]], Dronn Mukherjee, [[Basabdatta Chatterjee]], Srijani Mitra, Sneha Chatterjee and [[Sritama Bhattacharjee]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-13 |title=Manali Manisha Dey, Basabdatta Chatterjee starrer 'Kar Kache Koi Moner Kotha' to bring back nostalgia of 'Para culture' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/manali-manisha-dey-basabdatta-chatterjee-starrer-kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-to-bring-back-nostalgia-of-para-culture/articleshow/100957037.cms |access-date=2023-06-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/kar-kachhe-koi-moner-kotha-to-launch-next-month/articleshow/101153632.cms|title='Kar Kachhe Koi Moner Kotha' to launch next month|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/kar-kachhe-koi-moner-katha-serial-zee-bangla/|title=Kar Kachhe Koi Moner Katha Serial Zee Bangla Starring Manali Manisha Dey, Basabdatta Chatterjee in Lead|website= Indian TV News}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/tv-news/bengali-actress-manali-dey-starrer-kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-bts-of-promo-shoot-and-know-the-telecast-date/articleshow/101298850.cms|title=Kar Kache Koi Moner Kotha Telecast Time : খুনসুটিতে ভরপুর প্রোমো শ্যুটের BTS, কবে শুরু মানালির নতুন ধারাবাহিক?|website=Eisamay}}</ref>

Shimul is a modern, open-minded girl who loves to dance. However, she is thought to be a burden by her brothers. As a result, she marries Parag despite loving Shatadru. But she moves on and aims for a happy life with Parag. Parag, however, comes from a conservative family, which includes his mother, Madhubala, brother Palash, and sister, Putul, who has a mental disability. In her in-laws' household, no one cares about Shimul. Parag, Palash, and Madhubala torture and humiliate her in various ways. Despite this, three compassionate neighbors (Sucharita, Bipasha, and Shirsha) feel for her and protect her each time. Their friendship starts.

== Cast ==
===Main===
* [[Manali Dey]] as Shimul Banerjee (née Mitra): Shipra's daughter; Priyanka's rival; Pratiksha and Palash's enemy<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-21 |title=New Bengali Serial: 'দয়া করে এটা করবেন না...', 'কার কাছে কই মনের কথা' প্রোমো দেখা মাত্রই অনুরোধ ভক্তদের |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/television/why-netizens-trolled-kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-serial-promo-842734.html |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=TV9 Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
* Dronn Mukherjee as Parag Banerjee (Former Antagonist turned to Main Lead): Madhubala's elder son; Priyanka's ex-fiancé
* [[Basabdatta Chatterjee]] as Sucharita Basu: Indradeep's widow; Swastika's rival
* Sneha Chatterjee as Bipasha Maitra (née Sen): Chandan's first wife; Madhurima's rival
* Srijani Mitra as Shirsha Chowdhury: Bishwadeep's wife
* [[Sritama Bhattacharjee]] as Putul Chatterjee (née Banerjee): A intellectually disabled girl; Madhubala's daughter; Ranja's rival
* [[Rita Dutta Chakraborty]] as Madhubala Banerjee (Former Antagonist): Putul, Parag and Palash's mother

===Recurring===
* Kuyasha Biswas as Pratiksha Banerjee (Main Antagonist): Shyamoli's daughter; Shimul's enemy and ill wisher
* Sounak Ray as Palash Banerjee aka Polu (2nd Main Antagonist): Madhubala's younger son; Shimul's enemy
* Raja Ghosh as Tirthankar Chatterjee aka Tirtha: Pratiksha's ex-husband
* Rumpa Das / Madhumita Roy as Drishti Banerjee aka Tutul: Kamallata and Mr. Banerjee's daughter
* Rajashree Bhowmik as Kamallata Banerjee: Mr. Banerjee's wife
* Shyamashis Pahari as Kamallata's husband
* Kaushiki Guha as Shipra Mitra: Sumit, Srijit, and Shimul's mother
* Indrajit Mazumdar as Sumit Mitra: Shipra's elder son
* Priyanka Halder as Mishti Mitra: Sumit's wife
* Unknown as Jholmol Mitra: Sumit and Mishti's toddler daughter
* Bimal Giri as Srijit Mitra: Shipra's younger son
* Poulomi Das as Kajari Mitra: Srijit's wife
* Arindam Chatterjee as Late Indradeep Basu aka Indra (Antagonist): Sucharita's husband; Swastika's ex-lover
* Krittika Chakraborty as Twinkle Basu: Sucharita and Indradeep's daughter
* Suchandra Chowdhury as Mrs. Basu (Antagonist): Indradeep's mother
* Shoumo Banerjee / Suman Banerjee as Chandan Mitra (Antagonist): Bipasha's ex-husband
* Prriyam Chakraborty as Madhurima Mitra: Chandan's second/illegal wife; Bipasha's rival
* [[Soma Banerjee]] as Chandan's mother
* [[Dwaipayan Das]] as Bishwadeep Chowdhury: Shirsha's husband
* Mou Bhattacharya as Bishwadeep's mother
* Indranil Mullick as Shatadru Mitra: Parama's brother; Shimul's ex-lover
* [[Rii Sen]] as Swastika: Indra's ex-lover; Sucharita's rival
* Sukanya Basu as Rachana Sengupta: District Magistrate; Shimul's supporter
* Barninee Chakraborty as Priyanka Das aka Priya: Parag's student and ex-fianceé; Shimul's rival
* Rumpa Chatterjee as Shyamoli: Pratiksha's mother
* Sandip Dey as Pratiksha's father
* Sushrita Ghosh as Parama Mitra: Shatadru's sister
* Madhumita Basu as Antara Mitra: Shatadru's mother
* Priyanka Chakraborty as Ruprekha: Shatadru's ex-fianceé
* [[Debaparna Chakraborty]] as Aradhana Chatterjee: Shimul's lawyer; Anirban's ex-wife
* Raja Goswami as Anirban Sen: Parag's lawyer; Aradhana's ex-husband
* Ankita Majumdar as Ranja Chatterjee: Tirtha's friend and elder sister-in-law; Putul's elder sister-in-law and rival
* Rajdeep Sarkar as Ranja's husband and Tirtha's brother
* Rahul Dev Bose as Arnab Sengupta: Police Superintendent
* Dipanjan Bhattacharya as Shimul's lawyer
* Esha Bhattacharjee as Shirsha's mother

== Controversy ==
Within a month of its release, the show courted controversy by showing Shimul's mother-in-law Madhubala (player by [[Rita Dutta Chakraborty]]) foiling Shimul's & Parag's wedding night by entering into their room uninvited, feigning illness & coercing Parag to sleep with her in the marriage bed, thereby forcing the newlywed Shimul to spend her wedding night sleepless on the couch. This particular scene intended to portray [[Helicopter parent|helicopter parenting]], was instead criticised for supposedly [[Incest in media|promoting incest]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=আনন্দবাজার অনলাইন |title=ফুলশয্যায় স্ত্রীর বদলে মা? সিরিয়ালের ঝলকে বিরক্ত দর্শক, কী বললেন মানালির পর্দার শাশুড়ি? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/tollywood-actress-manali-dey-and-her-total-cast-and-crew-of-serial-kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-slammed-because-of-the-new-story-line-dgtl/cid/1447738 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241013204133/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/tollywood-actress-manali-dey-and-her-total-cast-and-crew-of-serial-kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-slammed-because-of-the-new-story-line-dgtl/cid/1447738 |archive-date=13 October 2024 |access-date=2025-03-01 |language=bn |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=মা-ছেলের ফুলশয্যা! মানালি-র ‘কার কাছে কই মনের কথা’ সিরিয়ালে এ কী দেখানো হল |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kar-kache-koi-moner-kotha-serial-update-audience-are-not-happy-with-manali-des-bengali-mega-fulsojja-scene-31690274659164.html |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Organinc Studios}}
{{Zee Bangla}}

[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Kolkata]]

Karthik (actor)

2026-03-25T20:36:23Z

Trevor51P0492: basic improved structure for consistency after review

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1960)}}

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karthik
| image = Navarasa nayagan karthik (cropped).jpg
| caption = Karthik at an event
| image_size = 250px
| birth_name = Murali Karthikeyan Muthuraman
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1960|09|13}}
| birth_place = [[Udhagamandalam]], [[Tamil Nadu State]], India
| father = [[R. Muthuraman]]
| mother = 
| spouse = {{Ubl
| {{marriage |Ragini |1989}}
| {{marriage |Rathi|1992}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/tamil-celebrities-who-married-more-than-once/tamil-celebrities-who-married-more-than-once/photostory/48093697.cms |title=Tamil celebrities who married more than once | work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref>
}}
| children = 3, including [[Gautham Karthik]]
| years active = {{ubl|1981–2007|2010–present}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|playback singer|politician}}
| othername = {{Ubl | Navarasa Nayagan|Murali}}
| alma_mater = [[The New College, Chennai]]
}}

'''Murali Karthikeyan Muthuraman''' (born 13 September 1960), better known by his stage name '''Karthik''', is an Indian actor, playback singer and politician who works in [[Tamil cinema]]. He is the son of veteran actor [[R. Muthuraman]]. Karthik was one of the prominent stars in the industry in the 80s and 90s. He was first introduced by [[Bharathiraja]] in the Tamil film ''[[Alaigal Oivathillai]]'' (1981) and became a lead actor in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films eventually. He has also appeared in some [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films where he was initially credited as Murali.<ref name="name">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vignesh-shivan-and-suriya-present-a-refreshing-adaptation-of-special-26/article22429803.ece|title=This is a fun 'Gang'|work=The Hindu|last=Devi Dundoo|first=Sangeetha|date=12 January 2018}}</ref> Karthik is known in the industry as ''Navarasa Nayagan'', as he is often appreciated for his ability to emote all forms of actions and emotions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 April 2021|title=Navarasa Nayagan Karthik hospitalized again!|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/navarasa-nayagan-karthik-hospitalized-again-news-tamil-vehegtahebhea.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407042133/https://www.sify.com/movies/navarasa-nayagan-karthik-hospitalized-again-news-tamil-vehegtahebhea.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2021|access-date=7 April 2021|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> He has acted in more than 125 films. He has been the recipient of four [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], a [[Nandi Award]] and four [[Filmfare Awards South]].<ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/FilmfareBestActorActressDirectorTamil|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180501091723/https://archive.org/details/FilmfareBestActorActressDirectorTamil|url-status=dead|title=Filmfare Best Actor Actress Director Tamil : Santosh Kumar : Free Dow|date=1 May 2018|archive-date=1 May 2018|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Karthik was born as Murali Karthikeyan Muthuraman on 13 September 1960 in [[Ooty]] to veteran actor [[R. Muthuraman]] and Sulochana.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/like-father-like-son/article5928784.ece|title=like father, like son|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 April 2014|access-date=5 March 2015|last1=Naig|first1=Udhav}}</ref> He has two sons, [[Gautham Karthik|Gautham]] and Ghayn, from his first marriage with Ragini, and another son, Thiran, from his second marriage with Rathi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/tamil-celebrities-who-married-more-than-once/photostory/48093697.cms|title=Tamil Celebrities who married more than once – Tamil celebrities who married more than once|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Film career ==

===Debut and success (1981–1986)===

Karthik was first introduced in Tamil cinema by [[Bharathiraja]] in the Tamil film ''[[Alaigal Oivathillai]]'' (1981). Bharathiraja gave him the stage name, Karthik. He received the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards|Best New Face Award]] from the Tamil Nadu Government in 1981. He starred in the Telugu version of the film ''[[Seethakoka Chilaka]]'' that same year under the stage name Murali.<ref name="name"/> He collaborated with leading film directors such as [[Mani Ratnam]], [[Bharathiraja]], [[Visu]], [[R. Sundarrajan]], [[Ameerjan]], [[R. V. Udayakumar]], [[Priyadarshan]], [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]], [[Vikraman]], [[Agathiyan]], [[Sundar C]], [[K. S. Ravikumar]], [[P. Vasu]] and [[K. V. Anand]].

During the earlier stages of his career, Karthik worked three times with R. V. Udaya Kumar. Later, he formed a partnership with [[Goundamani]] in many comedy films. He was also well received by the Tamil audience for his performance in ''[[Nallavanukku Nallavan]]'' (1984) in a role against [[Rajinikanth]]. During the early to mid '80s he did many films of which ''[[Bhagavathipuram Railway Gate]]'' (1983), ''Pei Veedu'' (1984) and ''Raja Thanthiram'' (1984) were typical low budget masala films and failed to make a mark. His onscreen pairing with [[Radha (actress)|Radha]] was appreciated in the early '80s.<ref>{{Cite web|date= 26 May 2020|title = Projekt Ilaiyaraaja Season III – 56/365 – Maalai Sooda |url= https://medium.com/sylvianism/projekt-ilaiyaraaja-season-iii-56-365-maalai-sooda-671064b0221d}}</ref> He garnered acclaim for his role in the Telugu thriller ''[[Anveshana]]'' by Vamsy<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arun|date=2018-12-13|title=అన్వేషణ సినిమా|trans-title=Anveshana movie|url=https://www.hmtvlive.com/content/anveshana-movie-12612|access-date=2020-08-09|website=[[HMTV]]|language=te}}</ref> and his cameo in ''[[Mouna Ragam]]'' (1986) was well received by the audience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/karthik-muthuraman/biography.html|title=Exclusive biography of #KarthikMuthuraman and on his life.|website=FilmiBeat}}</ref>

===Golden years (1987–1991)===
Post his rivetting performance in Mani Ratnam's, 1986 classic Mouna Ragam Karthik, acted in numerous performance-oriented films. To begin with ''[[Vanna Kanavugal]]'' (1987) was a super hit and marked beginnings of Karthik as an amazing performance artist . He captured the soul of the audience with his subtle yet powerful acting style. He collaborated with several leading directors since 1987 and gave several successful films. He acted in the Telugu film ''[[Abhinandana]]'' (1988) for which he won the [[Nandi Special Jury Award]]. He pursued strong performance-oriented characters in commercial successes like ''[[Agni Natchathiram]]'' (1988), ''[[Varusham Padhinaaru]]'' (1989), ''[[Idhaya Thamarai]]'' (1990), ''[[Kizhakku Vaasal]]'' (1990) and culminated with the black comedy ''[[Gopura Vasalile]]'' (1991).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/karthik-muthuraman-an-artist-par-excellence-is-it-really-over--tamil-news-221987|title = Karthik Muthuraman – an Artist par Excellence – is it really over? – Tamil News|date = 4 October 2018}}</ref>

===Ups and downs (1992–1995)===
This was period when Karthik took considerable risks in choosing scripts. ''[[Amaran (1992 film)|Amaran]]'' (1992) was an action film where Karthik plays an orphan who eventually becomes a don. When it released, it performed below expectations; however, the song sung by Karthik became a huge rage: 'Vethala Potta Sokkula', one of the super hit songs that [[Adithyan]] tuned was sung in his signature style very similar to his dialogue delivery. The song is a 'love at first sight' kind and its simplicity and very hummable lyrics is what endeared it to many when it was first released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-3/songs/amaran.html|title=Amaran – Behindwoods.com – Tamil Movie Slideshow – Aboorva Sagotharargal Amaran Billa|website=behindwoods.com}}</ref> ''[[Nadodi Thendral]]'' (1992) was a period film helmed by [[Bharathiraja]]. ''[[Ponnumani]]'' (1993) was a village-based melodrama, which was a super hit at the box office and fetched Karthik his fourth Filmfare award. Karthik also spent a considerable amount of time shooting for a Telugu film co-starring [[Vijayashanti]] in ''Maga Rayudu'' (1994). This period also witnessed films like ''[[Marumagan]]'' (1995), ''[[Chakravarthy (1995 film)|Chakravarthy]]'' (1995), ''[[Nandhavana Theru]]'' (1995) and an average success ''[[Thotta Chinungi]]'' (1995).

===Breakout and consolidation years (1996–1999)===
In 1996, Karthik acted in ''[[Kizhakku Mugam]]''. In the same year, he acted in his biggest commercial success: the full-length comedy [[Sundar C]]'s ''[[Ullathai Allitha]],'' alongside [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] and [[Goundamani]]. Due to the success, he collaborated with the director again in another profitable venture, ''[[Mettukudi]]''. He went on to win critical acclaim for his role in ''[[Gokulathil Seethai (film)|Gokulathil Seethai]]''. The film went on to win the Tamil Nadu State Film award for showcasing women in good light, crediting actors for their empathetic performance. Karthik may not have won an award for his performance, but his ability to play a drunk, ruthless playboy and with relative ease segueing in to a role that respects women. He appeared in [[K. S. Ravikumar]]'s ''[[Pistha (1997 film)|Pistha]]'' (1997), which also received good reviews. Karthik carried on his good streak at the box office in 1998, while also winning accolades for his performances in Cheyyar Ravi's ''[[Harichandra (1998 film)|Harichandra]]'' (1998), [[Vikraman]]'s ''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]'' (1998) (his 100th film), and [[Selva (director)|Selva]]'s ''[[Pooveli]]'' (1998), and won a [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Tamil Nadu State Award]] for Best Actor for both ''Pooveli'' and ''Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen''.<ref name="indolink">{{cite web|url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Nov/news1.htm|title=Tamil Movie News!|publisher=indolink.com|access-date=2014-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219170120/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Nov/news1.htm|archive-date=19 December 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="indolink2">{{cite web|url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/99/Feb/best1998.htm|title=Best of 1998|publisher=indolink.com|access-date=2014-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908073115/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/99/Feb/best1998.htm|archive-date=8 September 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref> In 1999, he appeared in drama films like ''[[Chinna Raja]]'', ''[[Nilave Mugam Kaattu]]'', ''[[Anandha Poongatre]]'', ''[[Suyamvaram]]'' and ''[[Rojavanam]].'' He acted in medium-budget comedy films, notably in four further [[Sundar C]] ventures including the successful blockbuster film, ''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'' (1999). His pairing with [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] was a hit with the audience as the pair provided good hits in the late 1990s.

===Downfall begins (2000–2001)===
During the early 2000s, Karthik experienced a difficult period as he began to lose his popularity at the box office and new actors began to emerge in the Tamil film industry.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/01/02/stories/2004010201720300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820212906/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/01/02/stories/2004010201720300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 August 2004|title="Indru"|author=thmrn|date=2 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2014-07-20}}</ref> Many family films came but nothing different were noticed or not one performance was talked about. Such films include ''[[Thai Poranthachu]]'' (2000), ''[[Sandhitha Velai]]'' (2000), ''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]'' (2000), ''[[Kuberan (2000 film)|Kuberan]]'' (2000) and ''[[Seenu (2000 film)|Seenu]]'' (2000). Films including Prabhu Nepal's ''Kadhale Swasam'' alongside [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Sundar C]]'s ''Kadhal Solla Vandhen'' with [[Isha Koppikar]] and Gowri Manohar's ''Kashmir'' with [[Priyanka Trivedi]] had audio release events but failed to have a theatrical release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c10.html|title=Nilacharal|website=nilacharal.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041800930200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031118120432/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041800930200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2003|title=Of a singer who makes it big|date=18 April 2003|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref>
Likewise, other ventures including Mahesh's ''Manathil'' alongside [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]], Soundarrajan's ''Click'' co-starring [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], and [[Selva (director)|Selva]]'s ''Kai Korthu Vaa'' progressed before being halted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c77.html|title=Nilacharal – A Tamil entertainment ezine presenting interesting contents and useful services|website=nilacharal.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nilacharal.com/enter/cinebit/c7.html|title=Nilacharal|website=nilacharal.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> Similarly, other projects in the early 2000s, such as ''Gurudeva'' with Rimjim, ''Muthalaam Santhippil'' with Kausalya again and ''Enrum Unnai Naesippaen'' were dropped soon after filming had begun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/12/stories/2002071200910400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020807003231/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/12/stories/2002071200910400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 August 2002|title=Enticing locations|last=thmrn|date=12 July 2002|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/05/07/stories/2004050701930300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041121005848/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/05/07/stories/2004050701930300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2004|title=Hero and villain|date=7 May 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/manathil-tamil-movie-preview-7159.html|title=Manathil Tamil Movie Preview cinema review stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes – IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> Potential home productions such as ''Tension'' and ''Avan Appadithaan'' under his banner Aalamara Films also did not materialise.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/aug033.asp |title=Back to normal routine |website=chennaionline.com |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030310091825/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/aug033.asp |archive-date=10 March 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, his films were ''[[Ullam Kollai Poguthae]]'', ''[[Lovely (2001 film)|Lovely]]'' and ''[[Azhagana Naatkal]]''.

===Years in wilderness (2002–2007)===
He starred in an action film, ''[[Devan (film)|Devan]]'' with [[Vijayakanth]] and [[Arun Pandian]], followed by ''[[Game (2002 film)|Game]]''. During the nadir of 2002, Karthik was signed on by producer [[Keyaar]] to make a film titled ''Enna Peyar Veikalaam'' directed by [[Vincent Selva]]. Despite travelling to Pollachi for the shoot, the actor refused to emerge from his hotel room, and following an extended period of confusion, the film was called off and the [[Nadigar Sangam]] began legal proceedings against the actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/karthik.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040426071906/http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/karthik.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2004|title=Ma(n)y troubles?!|date=26 April 2004|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/the-survivors-of-tamil-filmdom-tamil-news-9858.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430100412/http://www.indiaglitz.com/the-survivors-of-tamil-filmdom-tamil-news-9858.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 April 2017|title=- Tamil Movie News – IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> In 2003, Karthik acted in the crime film, ''[[Indru]]''. The film was a disaster at the box office for him.

Towards the nadir of 2005, he signed on to appear in a negative role in [[Sathyaraj]]'s ''Sivalingam IPS'', but the film was shelved.<ref name="sify">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/satyaraj-hero-karthik-villain-news-tamil-kkfvzvhgdbj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205071924/http://www.sify.com/movies/satyaraj-hero-karthik-villain-news-tamil-kkfvzvhgdbj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-02-05|title=Satyaraj hero, Karthik villain!|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=2014-07-20}}</ref> In 2004, Karthik suggested that "his acts and habits" had landed him in trouble and was looking to make a comeback.<ref name="indiaglitz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/-quot-together-after-a-dozen-years-for-gusti-quot--tamil-news-9376.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205093003/https://www.indiaglitz.com/-quot-together-after-a-dozen-years-for-gusti-quot--tamil-news-9376.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 December 2017|title=- Tamil Movie News – IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> He subsequently appeared in "comeback" films such as ''[[Kusthi]]'' (2006) and ''[[Kalakkura Chandru]]'' (2007), both of which had delayed releases and went unnoticed at the box office.<ref name="indiaglitz.com"/> Other ventures that the actor described as "comeback projects", such as [[Kicha (director)|Kicha]]'s ''Unnidathil'' and [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]]'s ''Sivalingam IPS'', were shelved mid-production.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-great-comeback-tamil-news-9728.html|title=A great comeback – Tamil Movie News – IndiaGlitz.com|date=6 July 2004|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News36/31-10-05/tamil-movies-news-karthick.html|title=Tamil movies : Karthik nurses political ambitions|website=behindwoods.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> Later in 2006, he revealed that he had quit taking drugs and was keen to make another attempt at returning to the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/News/6-1-05/karthik_drugs.htm|title=Karthik out of drugs|website=behindwoods.com|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref>

===Renewal (2010–2013)===
Karthik opted to make a comeback into acting in 2010 and chose to appear in supporting rather than leading roles, much like his contemporaries [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] and [[Sathyaraj]]. He was first seen portraying a caring police officer in ''[[Maanja Velu]]'', before winning positive reviews for his small role as a forest guard in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]''.<ref name="behindwoods">{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/raavanan-movie-review.html|title=RAAVANAN REVIEW – TAMIL MOVIE RAAVANAN REVIEW|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=2014-07-20}}</ref> He subsequently went on to play roles in [[P. Vasu]]'s ''[[Puli Vesham]]'' (2011) and the Telugu film ''[[Om 3D]]'' (2013), both of which failed at the box office.

===Revival and comeback (2015–present)===

He acted in as the main antagonist in [[K. V. Anand]]'s ''[[Anegan]]'', where he appears alongside [[Dhanush]].<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Karthik-is-Dhanushs-villain-in-Anegan/articleshow/29540453.cms|title=Karthik is Dhanush's villain in Anegan – The Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2014-07-20}}</ref> He acted with [[Suriya]] in ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]'' (2018),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review-suriya-keerthy-suresh-star-rating-5020652/|title = Thaanaa Serndha Koottam movie review: The Suriya and Keerthy Suresh starrer is a fairly entertaining film|date = 13 January 2018}}</ref> and his son [[Gautham Karthik]] in ''[[Mr. Chandramouli]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/mr-chandramouli/mr-chandramouli-review.html|title=Mr Chandramouli (Aka) Chandramouli review|date=7 July 2018}}</ref> He made a guest appearance with actor [[Karthi]] in the film, ''[[Dev (2019 film)|Dev]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dev-movie-review-karthi-rakul-preet-starrer-is-a-well-intentioned-but-dreary-story-of-self-discovery-and-love/story-6lDC2IQWLoDHnfYDKzdcgM.html|title = Dev movie review: Karthi, Rakul Preet starrer is a well-intentioned but dreary story of self-discovery and love| work=Hindustan Times |date = 14 February 2019}}</ref> He played a supporting role as veteran actor with his same name, old movie posters, songs, background montages and movie scenes in the [[Prashanth]] starrer movie ''[[Andhagan]]'' in 2024 and got good acclaims for his performance.

== Political career ==
Karthik entered politics ahead of the 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election. He joined the [[All India Forward Bloc]] and was appointed as the Secretary of the Tamil Nadu state unit of the party. He led the party during its electoral campaign on 24 September 2006. He later launched his own party [[Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi]] in 2009 before the Lok Sabha elections. He contested from [[Virudhunagar]] constituency and got only 15,000 votes. He started another party named Manitha Urimaigal Kaakkum Katchi on 15 December 2018 at Tirunelveli before the Lok Sabha elections and he voiced his support for AIADMK alliance.

=== 2011 Assembly elections ===
Karthik's party tried an alliance with AIADMK for the 2011 Assembly elections,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dinamani.com/edition/Story.aspx?SectionName=Tamilnadu&artid=363698&SectionID=129&MainSectionID=129&SEO=&Title=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710131325/http://dinamani.com/edition/Story.aspx?SectionName=Tamilnadu&artid=363698&SectionID=129&MainSectionID=129&SEO=&Title=|url-status=dead|title=அ.தி.மு.க. அணியில் கார்த்திக் கட்சி – Dinamani – Tamil Daily News|archive-date=10 July 2011}}</ref> but AIADMK supremo denied tickets for his party. Karthik announced his party will contest alone in 25 to 40 constituencies after it was not allotted any seat in the AIADMK coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dinamani.com/edition/story.aspx?SectionName=Tamilnadu&artid=391537&SectionID=129&MainSectionID=129&SEO=&Title=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710130515/http://dinamani.com/edition/story.aspx?SectionName=Tamilnadu&artid=391537&SectionID=129&MainSectionID=129&SEO=&Title=|url-status=dead|title=கோவில்பட்டியில் கார்த்திக் போட்டி? – Dinamani – Tamil Daily News|archive-date=10 July 2011}}</ref> Karthik sat on a fast in Madurai demanding Madurai Airport be renamed as Pasumpon Thevar Airport.<ref>[http://thatstamil.oneindia.in/news/2011/02/20/karthik-demands-10-seats-aiadmk-alliance-aid0136.html Karthik demands 10 seats in AIADMK alliance | 10 சீட் வேணும்! – கார்த்திக் – Oneindia Tamil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223071345/http://thatstamil.oneindia.in/news/2011/02/20/karthik-demands-10-seats-aiadmk-alliance-aid0136.html |date=23 February 2011 }}. Thatstamil.oneindia.in. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Third-front-will-play-spoilsport/articleshow/7789549.cms|title=Third front will play spoilsport |website=The Times of India|date=26 March 2011 }}</ref> His party with sizeable Thevar votes in southern Tamil Nadu is believed to eat into the AIADMK votebank. In 2006, former AIADMK minister Nainar Nagendran lost by 2,000 votes in Tirunelveli, where Karthik's party polled more than the margin. Two weeks later, he split from AIADMK and announced his party will contest independently in 19 constituencies and support DMK in 213 constituencies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dinamani.com/edition/story.aspx?SectionName=Tamilnadu&artid=398782&SectionID=129&MainSectionId=129&SEO=&Title=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006134132/http://dinamani.com/edition/story.aspx?SectionName=Tamilnadu&artid=398782&SectionID=129&MainSectionId=129&SEO=&Title=|url-status=dead|title=திமுக கூட்டணிக்கு நடிகர் கார்த்திக் கட்சி ஆதரவு – Dinamani – Tamil Daily News|archive-date=6 October 2011}}</ref>

== Awards ==
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* 1988 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] – ''[[Agni Natchathiram]]''<ref>https://archive.org/details/36th-annual-filmfare-south-winners</ref>
* 1989 – Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil – ''[[Varusham Padhinaaru]]''<ref>https://archive.org/details/37th-annual-filmfare-awards-south-best-actor-winners</ref>
* 1990 – Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil – ''[[Kizhakku Vasal]]''<ref>https://archive.org/details/38th-filmfare-awards-south-winners-tamil-malayalam-actors</ref>
* 1993 – Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil – ''[[Ponnumani]]''<ref>https://archive.today/20180501091723/https://archive.org/details/FilmfareBestActorActressDirectorTamil</ref>

;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
* 1981 – Best Male Debut Award – ''[[Alaigal Oivathillai]]''
* 1988 – [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Special Prize for Best Actor]] – ''[[Agni Natchathiram]]''
* 1990 – [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]] – ''[[Kizhakku Vasal]]''
* 1998 – [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Special Prize for Best Actor]] – ''[[Pooveli]]'' and ''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]''

;[[Cinema Express Awards]]
* 1998 – [[Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] – ''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]''

;[[Nandi Awards]]
* 1988 – [[Nandi Special Jury Award]] – ''[[Abhinandana]]''

== Personal life ==
He married actress Ragini in 1989, his co-star in the film ''[[Solaikuyil]]'' and the couple has two sons, actor [[Gautham Karthik]] and Ghayn Karthik. He married her sister, Rathi, in 1992 and the couple has a son, Thiran Karthik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/25543.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319194735/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/25543.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 March 2007|title=Tamil Cinema News – Tamil Movie Reviews – Tamil Movie Trailers – IndiaGlitz Tamil|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/52468.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213044534/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/52468.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 December 2009|title=Tamil Cinema News – Tamil Movie Reviews – Tamil Movie Trailers – IndiaGlitz Tamil|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mani-ratnam-wants-to-meet-you/article4298707.ece|title=Mani Ratnam wants to meet you|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 January 2013|access-date=23 June 2018|via=thehindu.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Tamil films ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Alaigal Oivathillai]]'' || Vichu || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards#Retired awards|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Debut]]
|-
| rowspan="10"| 1982 || ''[[Ilanjodigal]]'' || Ramu ||
|-
| ''[[Neram Vandhachu]]''|| Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Kelviyum Naane Pathilum Naane]]'' || Nirmal, Babu ||
|-
| ''[[Thaai Mookaambikai]]'' || Muthu || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Ninaivellam Nithya]]'' || Chandru ||
|-
| ''[[Kanne Radha]]'' || Nagarajan "Raja" ||
|-
| ''[[Pakkathu Veetu Roja]]'' || Kannan ||
|-
| ''[[Valibamey Vaa Vaa]]''|| Karthik ||
|-
| ''[[Adhisayappiravigal]]'' || Thangamuthu ||
|-
| ''[[Agaya Gangai (film)|Agaya Gangai]]'' || Murali ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1983 || ''Marupatta Konangal'' || Karthik ||
|-
| ''Oru Kai Pappom'' || Jayaraman ||
|-
| ''[[Bhagavathipuram Railway Gate]]'' || Conductor ||
|-
| ''[[Aayiram Nilave Vaa]]'' || Chandhar, Soori || Dual Role
|-
| ''[[Apoorva Sahodarigal]]'' || Ravi ||
|-
| ''[[Dhooram Adhighamillai]]'' || Araamuthu ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1984 || ''[[Rajathanthiram (1984 film)|Rajathanthiram]]'' || Ilaiya Boopathy ||
|-
| ''[[Ninaivugal]]'' || Kannan ||
|-
| ''[[Nandri]]'' || Shankar ||
|-
| ''[[Nallavanuku Nallavan]]'' || Vinod ||
|-
| ''Pei Veedu'' || Thyagu ||
|-
| ''[[Puyal Kadantha Bhoomi]]'' || Murali ||
|-
| rowspan="7"| 1985 || ''[[Nalla Thambi]]'' || Raju ||
|-
| ''[[Viswanathan Velai Venum]]'' || Ashok ||
|-
| ''Mookkanan Kaiyiru'' || Bhaskar ||
|-
| ''[[Puthiya Sagaptham]]'' || Deepak || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Aval Sumangalithan]]'' || Bhaskaran ||
|-
| ''[[Arthamulla Aasaigal]]'' || Selvam ||
|-
| ''[[Ketti Melam]]'' || Vasu ||
|-
| rowspan="5"| 1986 || ''[[Dharma Pathini (1986 film)|Dharma Pathini]]'' || Inspector Prem Kumar ||
|-
| ''[[Natpu]]'' || Vanchinathan ||
|-
| ''[[Mouna Ragam]]'' || Manohar || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Oomai Vizhigal]]'' || Ramesh || Guest appearance
|-
| ''Thodarum Uravu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1987 || ''[[Raja Mariyadhai]]'' || Raguram ||
|-
| ''[[Velicham]]'' || Ashok Kumar ||
|-
| ''Nalla Pambu'' || Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Thaye Neeye Thunai]]'' || Karthik ||
|-
| ''[[Ore Ratham]]'' || Mahesh ||
|-
|''[[Kavalan Avan Kovalan]]''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Dhoorathu Pachai]]'' || Karthik ||
|-
| ''[[Veeran Veluthambi]]'' || Thirumalai || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Vanna Kanavugal]]'' || Kannappan ||
|-
| ''[[Parisam Pottachu]]'' || Murali ||
|-
| ''Enga Veettu Ramayanan'' || Murali ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1988 || ''[[Solla Thudikuthu Manasu]]'' || P. G. Thilainathan ||
|-
| ''[[Urimai Geetham]]'' || Chandru ||
|-
| ''[[Kan Simittum Neram]]'' || Raja (Kannan) ||
|-
| ''[[Agni Natchathiram]]'' || Ashok || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actor]]
|-
| ''[[En Jeevan Paduthu]]'' ||Surendran ||
|-
| ''[[Kalicharan (1988 film)|Kalicharan]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1989 || ''[[Varusham Padhinaaru]]''|| Kannan || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
|-
| ''[[Sattathin Thirappu Vizhaa]]'' || Rajesh ||
|-
| ''[[Solaikuyil]]'' || Inspector Maruthu ||
|-
| ''[[Paandi Nattu Thangam]]'' || Forest Ranger Thangapandian ||
|-
| ''Rettai Kuzhal Thuppakki'' || Velu ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruppu Munai]]'' || Rajaram / Vanchinathan IPS ||
|-
| rowspan="8"| 1990 || ''[[Idhaya Thamarai]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''Mr. Karthik'' || Karthik ||
|-
| ''[[Unnai Solli Kutramillai]]'' || Balu ||
|-
| ''[[Kalyana Rasi]]'' || Murali ||
|-
| ''[[Periya Veetu Pannakkaran]]'' || Sundara Pandi ||
|-
| ''[[Kizhakku Vasal]]'' || Ponnurangam || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]]
|-
| ''[[Ethir Kaatru]]'' || Ram Narendran ||
|-
| ''[[Engal Swamy Ayyappan]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1991 || ''[[Vanakkam Vathiyare]]'' || Rajappa ||
|-
| ''[[Irumbu Pookkal]]'' || Dharma ||
|-
| ''[[Gopura Vasalile]]'' || Manohar ||
|-
| ''[[Vigneshwar]]'' || ACP Vigneshwar IPS ||
|-
| rowspan="7"| 1992 || ''[[Amaran (1992 film)|Amaran]]'' || Amaran ||
|-
| ''[[Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen]]'' || Muthurasu ||
|-
| ''[[Nadodi Thendral]]'' || Thangarasu ||
|-
| ''[[Nadodi Pattukkaran]]'' || Sundaram ||
|-
| ''[[Idhu Namma Bhoomi]]'' || Gopi ||
|-
| ''[[Suyamariyadhai]]'' || ACP Vijay IPS ||
|-
| ''[[Deiva Vaakku]]'' || Thambi Durai ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1993 || ''[[Chinna Kannamma]]'' || Aravind ||
|-
| ''[[Ponnumani]]'' || Ponnumani || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
|-
| ''[[Chinna Jameen]]'' || Raasaiyya ||
|-
| ''[[Kathirukka Neramillai]]'' || Raju, Somasekhar ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1994 || ''[[Seeman (film)|Seeman]]'' || Seeman ||
|-
| ''[[Ilaignar Ani]]'' || Prisoner || Guest appearance
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1995 || ''[[Muthu Kaalai]]'' || Muthu Kaalai ||
|-
| ''[[Lucky Man (1995 film)|Lucky Man]]'' || Gopi ||
|-
| ''[[Nandhavana Theru]]'' || Seenu ||
|-
| ''[[Marumagan]]'' || Thangarasu ||
|-
| ''[[Chakravarthy (1995 film)|Chakravarthy]]'' ||Inspector Chakravarthy ||
|-
| ''[[Thotta Chinungi]]'' || Mano ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1996 || ''[[Kizhakku Mugam]]'' || Venu ||
|-
| ''[[Ullathai Allitha]]'' || Rajasekhar ||
|-
| ''[[Katta Panchayathu]]'' || Rajadurai ||
|-
| ''[[Poovarasan]]'' || Poovarasan ||
|-
| ''[[Mettukudi]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Gokulathil Seethai (film)|Gokulathil Seethai]]'' || Rishi ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1997 || ''[[Sishya (film)|Sishya]]'' || Aravind||
|-
| ''[[Pistha (1997 film)|Pistha]]'' || Manikandan ||
|-
| rowspan="5"| 1998 || ''[[Udhavikku Varalaamaa]]'' ||Muthurasu (Pichumani, Hussain and James) ||
|-
| ''[[Sundara Pandian]]'' || Sundar, Pandi||
|-
| ''[[Harichandra (1998 film)|Harichandra]]'' || Harichandra ||
|-
| ''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]'' || Selvam ||100th Film [[Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actor]]
|-
| ''[[Pooveli]]'' || Murali || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actor]]
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1999 || ''[[Chinna Raja]]'' || Raja / Dilip ||
|-
| ''[[Nilave Mugam Kaattu]]'' || Murthy (Govind) ||
|-
| ''[[Anandha Poongatre]]'' || Haridas ||
|-
| ''[[Suyamvaram]]'' || Ram Kumar||
|-
| ''[[Rojavanam]]'' || Muthu ||
|-
| ''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'' || Sakthivel ||
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2000 || ''[[Thai Poranthachu]]'' || Aravind || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Sandhitha Velai]]'' || Aadalarasu, Thirunaavukkarasu ||
|-
| ''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]'' || Kannan ||
|-
| ''[[Kuberan (2000 film)|Kuberan]]'' || Kuberan ||
|-
| ''[[Seenu (2000 film)|Seenu]]'' || Seenu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2001 || ''[[Ullam Kollai Poguthae]]'' || Gautham || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Lovely (2001 film)|Lovely]]'' || Chandru ||
|-
| ''[[Azhagana Naatkal]]'' || Chandru ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2002 || ''[[Devan (film)|Devan]]'' || Chakravarthy || Guest appearance
|-
|''[[Game (2002 film)|Game]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Indru]]'' || Goutham ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Kusthi]]'' || Singam ||
|-
| 2007 ||''[[Kalakkura Chandru]]'' || Chandru ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2010 || ''[[Maanja Velu]]'' || ACP Subash Chandra Bose ||
|-
|''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]'' || Ganaprakasam ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Puli Vesham]]'' || ACP Easwaran Moorthy ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Anegan]]'' || Ravikiran ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2018 || ''[[Thaana Serndha Kootam]]'' || Kurunjivendhan ||
|-
| ''[[Mr. Chandramouli]]'' || Mr. Chandramouli ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Dev (2019 film)|Dev]]'' || Ashok || Guest appearance
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Thee Ivan]]'' || Muthusamy ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Andhagan]]'' || Karthik || Guest appearance
|-
|}

=== Telugu films ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notess
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Seethakoka Chiluka (1981 film)|Seethakoka Chiluka]]'' || Raghu || credited as Murali
|-
| rowspan="2"|1984 || ''Veerabhadrudu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anubandham (1984 film)|Anubandham]]'' || Satya Murthy ||
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Anveshana]]'' || Amar || credited as Murali
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Punyasthree]]'' || Bhaskar ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Abhinandana]]'' || Raja || [[Nandi Special Jury Award]]
|-
| 1989 || ''Gopala Rao Gari Abbayi'' || Raghu ||
|-
| 1994 || ''Maga Rayudu'' || Karthik ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Om 3D]]'' || Harischandra Prasad ||
|-
|}

===As singer===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Song !! Music director !! Co-singer
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Amaran (1992 film)|Amaran]]'' || "Vethala Potta Sokkula", "Musthafa" || [[Adithyan]] ||
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Suyamariyadhai]]'' || "Vanmedu Megham"|| Shivajiraaja || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Chinna Jameen]]'' || "Onappu Thattu"|| [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Sishya]]'' || "Apollo Apollo" || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] || Swarnalatha
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Pistha (1997 film)|Pistha]]'' || "Kozhi Curry Kondu Varatta" || [[S. A. Rajkumar]] ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Pooveli]]'' || "Kathai Sollapporaen" || [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] || [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[Charle]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Harichandra (1998 film)|Harichandra]]'' || "Harichandran Varaan" || Gopal Rao, Shaleen Sharma, R. Anandh || Gopal Rao
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=440231}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110509182244/http://www.jointscene.com/artists/_/Karthik/128 Profile of karthik at jointscene]

{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}
{{Tamil Nadu State Award for Best Actor}}
{{Nandi Special Jury Award}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karthik}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:All India Forward Bloc politicians]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]

Nirmal Palazhi

2026-03-21T06:56:48Z

Trevor51P0492: Put Up The Stub W/ Infobox

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nirmal Palazhi
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_place = Kozhikkode, Kerala India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2013 - Present
| known_for = Comedy Artist, Actor
| notable_works = * Puthen Panam (Malayalam Film)
* Diwanji Moola Grand Prix
| television = [[Comedy Express]]
| spouse = Anju
| children = 2
}}

'''Nirmal Palazhi''' (born in [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]]) is an Indian actor who has worked predominantly in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]] known for his work on [[Puthan Panam]], [[Diwanjimoola Grand Prix|Diwanji Moola Grand Prix]] and [[Ira (film)|Ira]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Nirmal%20Palazhi|title=Profile of Malayalam Actor Nirmal Palazhi|website=en.msidb.org|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119164827/https://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Nirmal%20Palazhi|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Nirmal was born and settled in [[Kozhikode]], a north district of [[Kerala|Kerala State]]. He married Mrs. Anju and they have two children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/homestyle/spot-light/2018/11/29/nirmal-palazhi-home-memories.html|title='ഇത് തള്ള് അല്ല ബാബ്വേട്ടാ, എന്റെ ജീവിതം': നിർമൽ പാലാഴി|website=ManoramaOnline|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his career as a [[Mimicry artist|mimicry stage artist]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/celebrity/69293/nirmal-palazhi/index.htm|title=Nirmal Palazhi Indian Actor Profile, Pictures, Movies, Events|website=NOWRUNNING|language=en|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> part of the Calicut-based stage group, Calicut V4U,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCJvF-gYMj-nXui7OT9pXvbw|title=CALICUT V4U - FULL TIME COMEDY's YouTube Stats (Summary Profile) - Social Blade Stats|website=socialblade.com|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> Nirmal performed at various shows and gained popularity after his appearance on the comedy reality show Comedy Festival, aired in [[Mazhavil Manorama]]. He then went on to make his big screen debut with the film [[Kutteem Kolum|Kuttiyum Kolum]], following which he was featured in [[Salalah Mobiles|Salala Mobiles]], [[North 24 Kaatham]], [[Puthan Panam]], and Onpatham Valavinappuram.<ref>{{cite news|title=Onpatham Valavinappuram | newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 October 2017|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/onpatham-valavinappuram/movieshow/61367239.cms|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> His recent releases include [[Orayiram Kinakkalal]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/orayiram-kinakkal-films-song-is-a-collage-of-a-host-of-lives/articleshow/63541832.cms|title='Orayiram Kinakkal' film's song is a collage of a host of lives |website=The Times of India|date=11 April 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> Angane Njanum Premichu,<ref>{{Citation|title=Angane Njanum Premichu Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Angane Njanum Premichu by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/angane-njanum-premichu/movie-review/64323016.cms|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> [[Ente Mezhuthiri Athazhangal]], [[Kuttymama|Kuttimama]], [[Kakshi: Amminippilla|Kakshi Amminippilla]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/nirmal-palazhi/1081725|title=Nirmal Palazhi - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos|website=BookMyShow|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> and [[Edakkad Battalion 06]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/edakkad-battalion-06-set-hit-screens-tomorrow-heres-theatre-list/|title=Edakkad Battalion 06 all set to hit screens tomorrow; Here's the theatre list|last=Alex|first=Tressa|date=2019-10-17|website=onlookersmedia|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{{Pending films key}}
* ''All films are in [[Malayalam]], unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''[[Kutteem Kolum]]''
|Abutty
|
|-
|''[[North 24 Kaatham]]''
|
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Salalah Mobiles]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2017
|''[[Puthan Panam]]''
|Sharaf
|
|-
| ''Onpatham Valavinappuram'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviebuff.com/onpatham-valavinappuram|title=Onpatham Valavinappuram on Moviebuff.com|website=Moviebuff.com|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sunday Holiday]]''
|Vinu
|
|-
|''[[Fukri]]''
|Kunjappu
|
|-
|''[[Lavakusha]]''
|Sumesh
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2018
|''[[Orayiram Kinakkalal]]''
|Venu
|
|-
|''[[Ente Mezhuthiri Athazhangal]]''
|Bobby
|
|-
|''Angane Njanum Premichu''
|
|
|-
|''[[Diwanjimoola Grand Prix]]''
|Sivan
|
|-
|''[[Ira (film)|Ira]]''
|[[Sub Inspector|SI]] Sugunan
|
|-
|''[[Aabhaasam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Johny Johny Yes Appa]]''
|Postman
|
|-
|''[[Captain (2018 film)|Captain]]''
|Kittan
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2019
| ''[[Sakalakalashala]]''
| ||
|-
|''[[Kakshi: Amminippilla]]''
|Mukesh Kumar / Mukeshan
|
|-
|''[[Kuttymama]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Edakkad Battalion 06]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2019/10/18/edakkad-battalion-06-tovino-thomas-malayalam-movie-review-rating.html|title=Edakkad Battalion 06 review: Tovino show of machismo and grace|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>
|Shankaran
|
|-
|''Mere Pyaare Deshvasiyon''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/malayalam/2019/mar/15/mere-pyare-deshvasiyon-review-a-frustrating-film-with-too-many-loose-ends-10555.html|title=Mere Pyare Deshvasiyon Review: A frustrating film with too many loose ends|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=15 March 2019 |access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|''Old is Gold''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/old-is-gold/ET00097694?fbrefresh=1|title=Old is Gold Movie (2019) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in|last=BookMyShow|website=BookMyShow|language=en|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|''[[Mera Naam Shaji]]''
|Shaji Usman's Friend
|
|-
|''[[Mask (2019 film)|Mask]]''
|Abdu
|
|-
|''[[Ulta (film)|Ulta]]''
|Madanan
|
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Big Brother (2020 film)|Big Brother]]'' || Velappan ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2021 || ''Ice Orathi'' || Palaka Baiju ||
|-
| ''[[Vellam (2021 film)|Vellam]]'' || Vijayan ||
|-
| ''[[Yuvam]]'' || Adv. Vinod Janardhanan ||
|-
| ''Aapahasyam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bheemante Vazhi]]'' || Manilal ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2022 || Vamanan || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title='Vamanan': Makers unveil a creepy motion poster for the Indrans starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vamanan-makers-unveil-a-creepy-motion-poster-for-the-indrans-starrer/articleshow/91400211.cms |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=The Times of India |date=7 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Padachone Ingalu Kaatholee || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Padachone Ingalu Kaatholee {{!}} പാക്കപ്പ് ആയി; ഇനി 'പടച്ചോനേ... ഇങ്ങള് കാത്തോളി'; പ്രധാനവേഷത്തിൽ ശ്രീനാഥ് ഭാസിയും ആൻ ശീതളും |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-padachone-ingalu-kaatholee-movie-wrapped-mm-525640.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=News18 Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023 || ''[[Dear Vaappi]]'' || Riyaz's Brother In Law ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teaser of 'Dear Vaappi' starring Anagha Narayanan, Lal is out |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/12/31/anagha-narayanan-lal-movie-dear-vaappi-teaser.html |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sulaikha Manzil]]'' || Anakath Akbar||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sulaikha Manzil makers release new song |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/11/sulaikha-manzil-makers-release-new-song-40913.html |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=11 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nadhikalil Sundari Yamuna]]''
|Sudhakaran
|
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2024 || ''[[Vayasethrayaayi? Muppathiee..!!]]'' || Adv. Narayanan Potti ||
|-
| ''Swargathile Katturumbu'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-03-26 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan's Swargathile Katturumbu gears up for release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/26/dhyan-sreenivasans-swargathile-katturumbu-gears-up-for-release |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Prathibha Tutorials''|| ||
|-
| ''[[Porattu Nadakam (film)|Porattu Nadakam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-14 |title=Saiju Kurup's Porattu Naadakam gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/14/saiju-kurups-porattu-naadakam-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ajayante Randam Moshanam]]''||Bhaskaran||<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Ajayante Randam Moshanam: Tovino Thomas-Krithi Shetty's fantasy drama goes on floors |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/ajayante-randam-moshanam-tovino-thomas-krithi-shetty-fantasy-drama-goes-on-floors-8202651/ |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011120015/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/ajayante-randam-moshanam-tovino-thomas-krithi-shetty-fantasy-drama-goes-on-floors-8202651/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2025 || ''[[Oru Jaathi Jathakam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-05 |title='Oru Jaathi Jathakam' teaser: Vineeth Sreenivasan starrer to take the audience on a fun ride |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/oru-jaathi-jathakam-teaser-vineeth-sreenivasan-starrer-to-take-the-audience-on-a-fun-ride/articleshow/108235766.cms |access-date=2025-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''Mother Mary'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2025-04-24 |title=Vijay Babu's Mother Mary gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/24/vijay-babus-mother-mary-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Detective Ujjwalan]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2025-04-14 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan's Detective Ujjwalan gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/14/dhyan-sreenivasans-detective-ujjwalan-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Aadu 3]]'' || Policeman ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fans hope comedy remains untouched as ‘Aadu 3’ characters sport regal attire |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2026/01/26/aadu-3-character-posters-comedy-fantasy-jayasurya.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Fans hope comedy remains untouched as ‘Aadu 3’ characters sport regal attire |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Name
! class="unsortable" |Channel
! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
|
|''Comedy Festival''
|[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|Team member of V4U Calicut
|-
|2015
|''[[Uppum Mulakum]]''
|[[Flowers TV]]
|As himself (episode 288)
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
! class="unsortable" |Role
! class="unsortable" |Network
! class="unsortable" |Language
|-
|2022
|''[[Paper Rocket]]''
|Unni
|[[ZEE5]]
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|8814704}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palazhi, Nirmal}}
[[Category:People from Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Colin Cowdrey

2026-03-20T13:27:58Z

Trevor51P0492: minor add details based on references and updated info as per guidelines

{{Short description|English cricketer (1932–2000)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2026}}
{{Non-free|date=March 2026}}
{{Fanpov|date=March 2026}}
{{Tone|date=March 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Original research|date=March 2026}}
{{Citation style|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Lord Cowdrey of Tonbridge
| honorific_suffix = [[CBE]]
| image = Cowdrey; Oval (2).jpg
| caption = Cowdrey at [[The Oval]] in 1980
| country = England
| fullname = Michael Colin Cowdrey
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|12|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ootacamund]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|12|4|1932|12|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Littlehampton]], [[West Sussex]], England
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg spin]]
| role = Batsman

| international = true

| testdebutdate = 26 November
| testdebutyear = 1954
| testdebutagainst = Australia
| testcap = 379
| lasttestdate = 13 February
| lasttestyear = 1975
| lasttestagainst = Australia

| odidebutdate = 5 January
| odidebutyear = 1971
| odidebutagainst = Australia
| odicap = 2
| oneodi = true

| club1 = [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1950–1976}}
| club2 = [[Gentlemen cricket team|Gentlemen]]
| year2 = 1951–1960
| club3 = [[Marylebone Cricket Club]]
| year3 = 1952–1975
| club4 = [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]]
| year4 = 1952–1954

| columns = 4

| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 114
| runs1 = 7,624
| top score1 = 182
| bat avg1 = 44.06
| 100s/50s1 = 22/38
| catches/stumpings1 = 120/–
| deliveries1 = 119
| wickets1 = 0
| best bowling1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –

| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 1
| runs2 = 1
| top score2 = 1
| bat avg2 = 1.00
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| catches/stumpings2 = 0/–
| deliveries2 = –
| wickets2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –

| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 692
| runs3 = 42,719
| top score3 = 307
| bat avg3 = 42.89
| 100s/50s3 = 107/231
| catches/stumpings3 = 638/–
| deliveries3 = 4,876
| wickets3 = 65
| best bowling3 = 4/22
| bowl avg3 = 51.21
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0

| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 87
| runs4 = 1,978
| top score4 = 116
| bat avg4 = 29.52
| 100s/50s4 = 3/12
| catches/stumpings4 = 38/–
| deliveries4 = 59
| wickets4 = 3
| best bowling4 = 1/0
| bowl avg4 = 14.33
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0

| date = 29 December
| year = 2022
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/998/998.html CricketArchive
}}
{{ Infobox officeholder
| office = 1st [[List of International Cricket Council presidents|President of International Cricket Council]]
| term_start = 1989
| term_end = 1993
| predecessor = Position established
| successor = [[Clyde Walcott]]
| office1 = Member of the [[House of Lords]]
| status1 = [[Lord Temporal]]
| termlabel1 = [[Life peer]]age
| term_start1 = 18 July 1997
| term_end1 = 4 December 2000

}}
'''Michael Colin Cowdrey, Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge''', {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|CBE}} (24 December 1932 – 4 December 2000)<ref name="CA998">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/998/998.html |title=Colin Cowdrey |work=CricketArchive |access-date=28 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202165246/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/998/998.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was an English [[cricket]]er who played for [[Kent County Cricket Club]] from 1950 to 1976, and in 114 [[Test cricket|Test matches]] for [[England cricket team|England]] from 1954 to 1975. He was born in [[Ootacamund]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] and died in [[Littlehampton]], [[West Sussex]].

Cowdrey was a right-handed [[batting (cricket)|batsman]] who played in 692 [[first-class cricket|first-class]] matches. He scored 42,719 career [[run (cricket)|runs]] at an average of 42.89 runs per completed [[innings]] with a highest score of 307 as one of 107 [[century (cricket)|centuries]]. He was an occasional right-arm [[leg break|leg spin bowler]], taking 65 first-class [[wicket]]s with a best innings return of 4/22. An outstanding [[Slip (cricket)|slip fielder]], he held 638 career [[caught (cricket)|catches]]. Cowdrey was the first player to make [[List of cricketers who have played 100 Tests|100 appearances in Test cricket]] and also the first batsman to score a Test century, both home and away, against six other teams.

==Early life and school years==
Colin Cowdrey was born on his family's tea plantation at [[Ootacamund]], [[Madras Presidency]], although his birthplace has often been misrecorded as [[Bangalore]], 100 miles to the north.{{sfn|Cowdrey|1976|p=1}} His father, [[Ernest Cowdrey]], was a keen [[cricket]]er who had played in the [[Minor Counties Championship]] for [[Berkshire County Cricket Club|Berkshire]]. Ernest made an application for Colin to join [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] while still an infant. Colin's mother was Molly Cowdrey (née Taylor), who played tennis and hockey.<ref name="TG2994018">{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/2994018/Obituary-Lord-Cowdrey-of-Tonbridge.html |title=Obituary: Lord Cowdrey of Tonbridge |work=Daily Telegraph |date=5 December 2000 |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-date=26 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326155900/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/2994018/Obituary-Lord-Cowdrey-of-Tonbridge.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He had no schooling in India, but his father and the servants taught him how to play cricket from a very early age.{{sfn|Cowdrey|1976|pp=13–19}}

When Cowdrey was five, he was taken to England where he attended the [[Homefield Preparatory School]] in [[Sutton, London|Sutton]] from 1938 to 1945.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In 1945, aged 12, he went to [[Alf Gover]]'s Cricket School for three weeks and his father enrolled him at [[Tonbridge School]] so that he could qualify for [[Kent County Cricket Club]]. On Gover's recommendation, Cowdrey was selected for the school's first team.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In July 1946, aged thirteen, Cowdrey played at [[Lord's]] for Tonbridge School against [[Clifton College]]. He scored 75 and 44 and, bowling [[leg spin]], took 3/58 and 5/33. Tonbridge won the match by two runs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/137/137038.html |title=Clifton College v Tonbridge School, 29–30 July 1946 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127074733/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/137/137038.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The school later established the Cowdrey Scholarships for sporting excellence in his memory.<ref>[http://www.tonbridge-school.co.uk/admissions/scholarships-and-bursaries/sport Cowdrey Scholarships. Tonbridge School.] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515065635/http://www.tonbridge-school.co.uk/admissions/scholarships-and-bursaries/sport/ |date=15 May 2014}}</ref>

Cowdrey was asked to play for Kent Young Amateurs in 1948 and made 157 against Sussex Young Amateurs, 87 against Middlesex Young Amateurs and 79 against Surrey Young Amateurs.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} He was asked to join the Kent Second XI in 1949 and played three matches in August against [[Norfolk County Cricket Club|Norfolk]], [[Wiltshire County Cricket Club|Wiltshire]] and [[Devon County Cricket Club|Devon]] in the Minor Counties Championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/998/Minor_Counties_Championship_Matches.html |title=Minor Counties Championship matches played by Colin Cowdrey |work=CricketArchive |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230101054/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/998/Minor_Counties_Championship_Matches.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1950, he was made [[captain (cricket)|captain]] of his school cricket team and scored 126[[not out|*]] for the Public Schools XI against [[Combined Services cricket team|Combined Services]] at Lord's.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/137/137038.html |title=Combined Services v Public Schools, 14–15 August 1950 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=25 November 2014 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127074737/https://cricketarchive.com/subscribe |url-status=live }}</ref> Less than a week later, Kent selected Cowdrey for his [[first-class cricket|first-class debut]] in a [[County Championship]] match against [[Derbyshire County Cricket Club|Derbyshire]] at the [[County Ground, Derby|County Ground]] in [[Derby]]. He held a [[caught|catch]] and took a [[wicket]] in Derbyshire's first innings of 345/6 [[declaration and forfeiture|declared]]. He was fifth in the Kent batting order and scored 15 in his debut innings before he was caught by Derbyshire captain [[Pat Vaulkhard]] off a ball by [[Cliff Gladwin]]. Kent were [[all out (cricket)|all out]] for 96 and Vaulkhard imposed the [[follow on]]. Cowdrey made Kent's top score of 26 in the second innings. He was [[bowled]] by Gladwin whose match return was 10/86. Kent were all out for 151 and Derbyshire won by an innings and 98 runs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19487.html |title=Derbyshire v Kent, 19–22 August 1950 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=16 June 2013 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024055732/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19487.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==First-class and international career==
===1951 to 1954===
Cowdrey left Tonbridge School in the summer of 1951 and, having been offered an [[exhibition (scholarship)|exhibition]], became a student at the [[University of Oxford]]. He was there till the summer of 1954 and studied [[geography]] at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose College]].<ref name="CA998"/> He joined the [[Oxford University Cricket Club]] and, in each season from 1952 to 1954, played for them in the early weeks and then for Kent till the end of the season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/998/First-Class_Matches.html |title=First-class matches played by Colin Cowdrey |work=CricketArchive |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230135530/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/998/First-Class_Matches.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He captained the Oxford team in 1954.{{sfn|Playfair|1955|pp=118–119}}

Before going into residence at Oxford in the autumn of 1951, Cowdrey scored his maiden first-class century against them for the [[Free Foresters]]. This match was played at the [[University Parks]] 2–5 June and Cowdrey scored 143 at a run a minute in the first innings. Free Foresters totalled 317 all out but the university replied with 395/5 declared. In their second innings, Free Foresters scored 355 all out. [[Errol Holmes]] was the top scorer with 162 and Cowdrey contributed 39. Oxford needed 278 and won by 8 wickets.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19741.html |title=Oxford University v Free Foresters, 2–5 June 1951 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=31 December 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230135532/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19741.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Cowdrey made his debut in the [[Gentlemen v Players]] series soon afterwards, playing for the [[Gentlemen cricket team|Gentlemen]]. In his first match for them at [[North Marine Road, Scarborough]], he scored 106. The match ended in a draw.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19986.html |title=Gentlemen v Players, 5–7 September 1951 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=31 December 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230135617/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/19/19986.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In all matches, Cowdrey scored 1,189 runs in the 1951 season and was awarded his Kent [[county cap]].<ref name="CA998"/> He received the cap from team captain [[David Clark (cricketer)|David Clark]] after an innings of 71 against the [[South African cricket team in England in 1951|touring South Africans]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} At the age of eighteen, he was the youngest player to be capped by Kent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kent 150: Your 150 |url=https://www.kentcricket.co.uk/the-club/history/kent-150-your-150/ |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Kent Cricket |language=en}}</ref>

===First international tour===
Cowdrey was a surprise choice for the [[English cricket team in Australia in 1954–55|England tour of Australia in 1954–55]]. He was called in to replace the injured [[Willie Watson (England cricketer)|Willie Watson]]. According to Cowdrey, [[England cricket team|England]] captain [[Len Hutton]] later told him that his selection was a gamble, but it was thought that his technique would be good on the hard Australian wickets.{{sfn|Cowdrey|1976|pp=55–56}} [[Frank Tyson]] recalled Hutton telling Cowdrey and himself that they would be secondary players on the tour, there to gain experience with probably no involvement in the [[Test cricket|Test series]].{{sfn|Tyson|2004|pp=23, 252}}

On the team's arrival in [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], Cowdrey received a telegram that his father had died, but the team rallied round him and he played in the opening match against a local Western Australian Country XI. He scored 48[[not out|*]] and took 4/35 with his [[leg spin|leg breaks]]. The party moved on to [[Sydney]] where Cowdrey was selected to play against [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]]. This became a key match in his career as he scored a century in each innings and thereby earned his place in the England team for the first Test, even though he failed in the next match against [[Queensland cricket team|Queensland]].{{sfn|Tyson|2004|pp=84–87}}

The first Test, Cowdrey's international debut, was played at the [[Brisbane Cricket Ground]] and [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] scored 601/8 declared after Hutton had won the toss and sent them in. England's batting collapsed in the first innings, though Cowdrey made 40, and they had to [[follow on]]. Cowdrey scored 10 in the second innings and England, with totals of 190 and 257 were unable to avoid a heavy defeat by an innings and 154 runs.{{sfn|Playfair|1955|p=15}} After that, England staged a recovery and won the second Test at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] by 38 runs, having been 74 behind on first innings. In the second innings, Cowdrey (54) shared a fourth wicket partnership of 116 with [[Peter May (cricketer)|Peter May]] (104) which enabled England to reach 296 and left Australia needing 223 to win. Frank Tyson and [[Brian Statham]] bowled them out for 184 to level the series.{{sfn|Playfair|1955|p=16}}

In the third Test at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], England were in trouble at 41/4 and were rescued by Cowdrey's maiden Test century. He scored 102 out of 191 after sharing partnerships of 74 with [[Trevor Bailey]] and 54 with [[Godfrey Evans]]. Some writers have said this was the highlight of Cowdrey's career as it laid a foundation for eventual victory by 128 runs after Tyson, with a return of 7/27, shattered Australia's batting in their second innings.{{sfn|Playfair|1955|p=16}} Among those who praised Cowdrey's performance were [[Bill O'Reilly (cricketer)|Bill O'Reilly]], who said it was the best Test innings he had ever seen and, Tyson who doubted if Cowdrey had "ever scored a better hundred".{{sfn|Tyson|2004|p=149}} Cowdrey made 102 of England's first innings of 191 and once again this was enough for Tyson to bowl his team to victory as the tourists took a 2–1 lead in the series.

Australia opened the fourth Test at the [[Adelaide Oval]] with a total of 323. In reply, England scored 341 including 79 by Cowdrey. Australia could only manage 111 in their second innings. Cowdrey was injured when the ball hit him in the face while he was fielding. He batted in the second innings and was out for 4 but the injury worsened and he was hospitalised for several days. England scored 97/5 to win the match by 5 wickets. The final Test at Sydney was drawn and so England won the series 3–1 to retain [[The Ashes]].{{sfn|Playfair|1955|pp=16–17}}

===1955 to 1958===
On his return from Australia, Cowdrey decided to drop out of Oxford and concentrate on his cricket career. As he was no longer an undergraduate, he was called up for [[national service]] in the [[Royal Air Force]]. However, he was almost immediately discharged because of a hereditary disability of rigid toes, on which he had previously had an operation.{{sfn|Cowdrey|1976|p=75}} Cowdrey cemented his place in the England team and took part in each of the home series during this period. He also went to [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1956–57|South Africa in 1956–57]]. In 1957, during the [[West Indian cricket team in England in 1957|Test series against West Indies]], Cowdrey and May shared a fourth wicket partnership of 411 at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]]. Cowdrey scored 154 and May 285[[not out|*]]. At the time, it was the third highest stand in Test cricket.{{sfn|Playfair|1958|p=54}}

Before the [[1957 English cricket season|1957 season]], Cowdrey was appointed captain of the Kent team, succeeding [[Doug Wright (cricketer)|Doug Wright]]. Kent finished 14th in the [[County Championship]], winning six of their 28 matches. ''[[Playfair Cricket Annual]]'' commented that Cowdrey had "infused the right spirit" into the team but pointed out that Kent cricket was still well short of resurgence.{{sfn|Playfair|1958|p=94}} Cowdrey only played in 18 matches because of international calls and, without him, the team's batting was weak.{{sfn|Playfair|1958|pp=94–95}}

===1958–59 to 1962===
Cowdrey replaced Trevor Bailey as Peter May's vice-captain for the [[MCC tour of Australia in 1958–59|1958–59 tour of Australia]]. The [[1958–59 Ashes series|Test series]] was a disaster for England, who lost 4–0. Cowdrey had one notable innings when he scored 100[[not out|*]] in the Third Test at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] and helped England to save that match as a draw.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} In 1959, Cowdrey had a successful series against [[India national cricket team|India]] and scored 160 in the third Test at [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} Cowdrey captained England for the first time on their [[English cricket team in the West Indies in 1959–60|tour of the West Indies in 1959–60]] after May was seriously injured. He took over from May for the last two matches of the series. Both were drawn and England, who had won the second Test, took the series 1–0.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

With May out of action for the whole of 1960, Cowdrey captained England in the [[South African cricket team in England in 1960|series against South Africa]] and won it 3–0.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} South Africa nearly won the last Test at [[The Oval]] after dismissing England for 155 and then scoring 479/9 declared. Cowdrey opened the England second innings with [[Geoff Pullar]] and they shared a first wicket stand of 290 which saved the match. Cowdrey scored 155 and Pullar 175.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

May returned in 1961 and was expected to take back his captaincy, but declared himself unfit. Cowdrey was hurriedly brought to Lords and was told he would take over only a few days before the First Test. Although [[Richie Benaud]] had beaten England 4–0 in the last Ashes series the [[Australian cricket team in England in 1961|1961 Australians]] were considered to be the weakest sent to England with Benaud and [[Alan Keith Davidson|Alan Davidson]] struggling with injuries and many players unused to English conditions. They nearly upset England in the First Test at Edgbaston, leading by 321 runs in the first innings and [[Ted Dexter]] had to save the game with an innings of 180. Before the Second Test at Lords Cowdrey made 149 and 121 for Kent against the tourists and was 7 runs from victory when the game ended. May returned to the England team, but insisted that Cowdrey be captain despite pressure from the selectors. Benaud was unable to play, but the Australians under [[Neil Harvey]] rose to the occasion, Davidson taking 5/42 in the first innings, [[Bill Lawry]] making his maiden Test century of 130 and [[Garth McKenzie]] taking 5/37 to clear up the second innings in their 5 wicket victory. May agreed to lead England in the Third Test at Headingley and Cowdrey made 93 and 22 in a low scoring match as [[Fred Trueman]] took 11/93 to even the series. Cowdrey missed the Fourth Test at Old Trafford with a fever, where Australia won a nail-biting match to retain the Ashes. May thought England would have won if Cowdrey had played, even if he wasn't fit, but he returned for the drawn Fifth Test at the Oval.<ref>Cowdrey, p. 125</ref>

The Ashes series had been a disappointment and Cowdrey decided to miss the tough [[English cricket team in India, Pakistan and Ceylon in 1961–62|tour of India and Pakistan]], which was led by Ted Dexter. He lost to India 2–0, but beat Pakistan 1–0 and made 712 Test runs (71.20) on the tour, including his highest Test score of 205. May returned to play for Surrey, but refused to play for England and retired from cricket after a few games in 1963. When [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 1962|Pakistan toured England in 1962]] Dexter was made captain for the First Test, winning by an innings and 24 runs (Cowdrey making 159) and the Second Test, which was won by 9 wickets. Cowdrey replaced him in the Third Test as the selectors considered their options for the forthcoming tour of Australia and he won by an innings and 117 runs. When Cowdrey was made captain in the final [[Gentlemen v Players|Gentleman v Players]] match at [[Lord's]] it looked like he would be chosen, but was forced to withdraw because of [[kidney stones]] and Dexter put in charge. However, he found a new rival in the old Sussex captain [[the Reverend]] [[David Sheppard]], who was willing to take a [[sabbatical]] from his [[Mission (Christianity)|church mission]] in the [[East End of London|East End]] to tour Australia. Sheppard made 112 for the Gentlemen and was chosen for the tour, but Dexter was confirmed as captain for the last two Tests against Pakistan and the forthcoming [[English cricket team in Australia in 1962–63|tour of Australia]] and [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 1962–63|New Zealand]] with Cowdrey as vice-captain. Cowdrey recovered to open the batting in the Fifth Test and make his highest Test score of 182, adding 238 with Dexter (172) and ending the series with 409 runs (81.80).<ref>Cowdrey, pp. 128–34</ref><ref>A.G. Moyes and Tom Goodman, ''With the M.C.C. in Australia 1962–63, A Critical Story of the Tour'', The Sportsmans Book Club (1965), page xiii</ref><ref>Swanton, pp. 120, 129</ref><ref>Trueman, p. 271</ref>

===1962–63 to 1967===
The tour manager [[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk]] joined the team with three of his daughters and announced "You may dance with my daughters. You may take them out and wine them and dine them, but that is all you may do",<ref>Titmus, pp. 83–84</ref> though years later Cowdrey would marry the eldest, Lady Anne. Cowdrey had a poor start to the tour and made three successive ducks, which [[Jack Fingleton]] blamed on his fondness for golf. However, Cowdrey made the highest score of his career against [[South Australia Redbacks|South Australia]] on [[Christmas Eve]] (his birthday). He caressed his way to 307 in 369 minutes, beating [[Frank Woolley]]'s 305 not out against [[Tasmanian Tigers|Tasmania]] in [[English cricket team in Australia in 1911–12|1911–12]] as the highest score by a tourist in Australia; it was the highest first-class score in Australia for 18 years. Cowdrey added 103 runs with [[David Sheppard]] (81), 98 with [[Ken Barrington]], then stroked 344 runs with fellow stylist [[Tom Graveney]] (122 not out), striking 4 sixes and 29 fours, until he was out and Dexter declared on 586/5. Fresh from his triumph at Adelaide Cowdrey made his only century of the series in the Second Test at Melbourne after joining Dexter at 19/2. They withstood [[Alan Keith Davidson|Alan Davidson's]] burst of speed, but the other bowlers failed to trouble them and by stealing quick ones, twos and threes they rebuilt the innings. Dexter was out for 93, but the stand had made 175 runs and Cowdrey made 113, his third and highest century in Australia, but the celebrations were short lived as he hooked into the hands of [[Peter Burge (cricketer)|Peter Burge]] off [[Garth McKenzie]]. In the second innings he took 30 minutes to score after being dropped off his first ball, but made 52 not out and hit the winning runs to give England a 1–0 lead. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Despite Cowdrey's first innings of 85, Australia won the Third Test to level the series and keep [[the Ashes]], as the final two Tests were drawn. He finished third in the averages with 397 runs (43.77). The tour continued in New Zealand where Cowdrey made 292 runs (146.00) in the three Tests, which England won 3–0. Cowdrey made 86 in the First at Auckland, 128 not out in the Second at Wellington and 43 and 35 not out in the Third at Christchurch. The 128 not out at Wellington made him the first batsman to make a century against six countries, having already made hundreds against Australia, South Africa, the West Indies, India and Pakistan. He made an unbeaten stand of 163 with the wicket-keeper [[Alan Smith (cricketer)|Alan Smith]] (69 not out) which was a Test record for the 9th wicket until beaten by [[Asif Iqbal (cricketer, born 1943)|Asif Iqbal]] and [[Intikhab Alam]], who made 190 for the 9th wicket against England at the Oval in 1967.

In 1963 [[Frank Worrell]] led an exciting West Indies team on their tour of England. They won the First Test at Old Trafford by an innings, with Cowdrey being bowled round his legs by Hall for 4 after swaying away from a delivery which kept lower than he expected. The Second Test at Lord's was one of the best he played in. Fred Trueman took 6/100 and Cowdrey three catches to dismiss the tourists for 301 and the captain Ted Dexter thrashed Wes Hall and [[Charlie Griffith]] round the ground for 70 off 75 balls in England's reply of 297. Dexter couldn't field due to an injury taken when batting so Cowdrey led the team and took 3 more catches as Trueman took 5/52 and the West Indies' 229 relied almost entirely on [[Basil Butcher]]'s 133. Needing 234 to win England were reduced to 31/3, but had recovered to 72/3 when Cowdrey fended a bouncer from Hall off his face and broke his wrist, retiring hurt on 19. [[Ken Barrington]] (60) and [[Brian Close]] (70) took England to the verge of victory and when [[Derek Shackleton]] was run out in the last over they were 228/9, needing five runs to tie, six runs to win, one wicket to lose or to survive two balls for a draw. Cowdrey returned to the crease with his arm in plaster and stood at the non-striker's end while [[David Allen (cricketer)|Dave Allen]] blocked the last two balls for a draw. England won the Third Test, but lost the series 3–1 and Cowdrey was unable to play for the rest of the season.

England was to tour India and Pakistan again and Cowdrey was asked to captain the tour, but declined as his arm had not fully healed. Ted Dexter also took a rest and [[M. J. K. Smith|M.J.K. Smith]] led the team, which soon ran into difficulties as illness and injury reduced them to ten men and they considered calling up the broadcaster [[Henry Blofeld]]. Cowdrey was contacted by Lord's to recommend a replacement batsman and as the batsmen he would have suggested were contracted to play in South Africa he volunteered to join the team himself. On arrival he was immediately chosen for the Third Test without any match practice (this happened again in Australia in 1974–75), but took three catches and made 107 and 13 not out for a draw. He made 151 in the Fourth Test and 38 in the Fifth to end with 309 runs (103.00) and England survived the series 0–0, the first full Test series which England drew all their matches, but the third time India had managed this. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Dexter was back in charge in the rain-soaked [[Australian cricket team in England in 1964|1964 Ashes series]]. Cowdrey played in the First and Second Tests, making 32, 33 and 10, but was injured and England lost the Third Test and with it the series 1–0. Cowdrey returned for the Fifth Test to make 20 and 93 not out, finishing with 188 runs (47.00). More importantly he took the catches for Fred Trueman's 299th and 300th Test wickets. In the County Championship Cowdrey's captaincy and his long-term plans with [[Les Ames]] were starting to pay off as Kent moved up to 7th place. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Dexter declared himself unavailable for the [[History of cricket in South Africa from 1945–46 to 1970|1964–65 tour of South Africa]] as he contested the [[Cardiff South East (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff South East]] seat in the [[1964 United Kingdom general election|1964 General Election]]. Cowdrey did not tour, though he did go to the West Indies with the [[International Cavaliers]], and Mike Smith was made captain, though Dexter joined him as vice-captain after losing to [[Jim Callaghan]]. After his 1–0 victory in South Africa Smith was retained as captain and as Dexter broke his leg while parking his car Cowdrey was made vice-captain again. He made 85 in the First Test against New Zealand, 119 in the Second and 13 in the Third as England easily won the series 3–0. South Africa were a tougher prospect with [[Graeme Pollock]] making 125 in the Second Test at Trent Bridge and his brother [[Peter Pollock]] taking 10/87, Cowdrey came in at 63/3 and made 105 of the 142 runs added while he was at the crease, but it was the only time England lost a Test in which he made a century. He made 58 and 78 not out in the Third Test and 327 runs (65.40), but South Africa won 1–0, their last Test series against England for 29 years. Cowdrey took Kent up to 5th place in the County Championship, compared with 7th in the previous season. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Though Cowdrey still had his supporters at Lords Smith was kept as captain for the [[1965–66 Ashes series]] with Cowdrey as vice-captain, but they knew each other as schoolboys and Oxford undergraduates and got on well. Cowdrey was ill for most of December and missed the First Test. He made 104 in the Second Test at Melbourne, where England made 558, their biggest total [[down under]] since 636 in the Second Test in [[English cricket team in Australia in 1928–29|1928–29]]. He did little on the tour except to make 63 and 108 against the weak [[Tasmanian Tigers|Tasmanian]] attack and the series was drawn 1–1 with the batsmen on both teams scoring heavily. Cowdrey himself made 267 runs (53.40), his best batting average in an Ashes series. Carrying on to New Zealand Cowdrey made a duck in the First Test, but recovered with 89 not out in the Second and 58 in the Third which made him the fifth player after [[Wally Hammond]], [[Don Bradman]], [[Len Hutton]] and [[Neil Harvey]] to make 6,000 Test runs, but the rain affected series was drawn 0–0. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Mike Smith was kept as captain for only the First Test of the 1966 series against a West Indian team held together by the superb all round skills of their captain [[Gary Sobers]]. Sobers won the toss at Old Trafford, batted first and caught England on a spinning wicket for an innings victory, Cowdrey making 69 in the debacle. Smith was dismissed as captain and dropped from the team due to his well-known weakness to the West Indian fast bowlers. Cowdrey was placed in charge, which he accepted reluctantly due to the shoddy treatment of his friend and predecessor. In the Second Test at Lords England were 86 runs ahead in the first innings with the West Indies 95/5 when Sobers and his cousin [[David Holford]] added 274 to save the game. Cowdrey was criticised for not surrounding Sobers with fielders at the beginning of his innings, but he maintained that by spreading the field he encouraged him to make the strokes which could have got him out, but there was little doubt that the plan failed.<ref>Cowdrey, p. 168</ref>

In the Third Test at Trent Bridge Cowdrey came in at 13/3 and made 96, adding 169 with [[Tom Graveney]] (109) to give England a 90 run lead, but [[Basil Butcher]] made 209 not out in the West Indian second innings and they won by 139 runs. The Fourth Test at Headingley saw the tourists rattle up 500, enforce the follow on and win by an innings and 55 runs. Like Smith Cowdrey was removed from the captaincy and dropped from the team, to be replaced by the hard-headed [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] captain [[Brian Close]]. In an amazing Fifth Test at the Oval the West Indies made 268 and had England 166/7, but the last three wickets added 363 runs and England won by an innings. In the County Championship Cowdrey's Kent moved up for the third year in a row to 4th place. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

There was no tour in 1966–67 and Cowdrey was not picked for the first four Tests of the summer, instead concentrating on Kent's chances in the County Championship. He was recalled for the Second Test against Pakistan, opening the innings, and made 14 and 2 not out in the 10 wicket victory. The Third Test at the Oval was won as well, but Close had been found guilty of time-wasting in a county match and accosting a spectator who complained of [[gamesmanship]]. He was fired as soon as the Test was won and the selectors announced that Cowdrey was to lead the MCC tour of the West Indies, although he disliked the politics and press attention.<ref>Cowdrey, pp. 171–75</ref> On a happier note Kent came second in the [[County Championship]] to [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] and won their first one-day competition, the [[Gillette Cup (England)|Gillette Cup]] final against Somerset in front of 20,000 fans at Lord's. Cowdrey won the toss and batted first, Kent making 193 with man of the match [[Mike Denness]] scoring 50 and [[Brian Luckhurst]] 54. Somerset were bowled out for 161 with [[Derek Underwood]] taking 3/41 for a 32 run victory. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

===1967–68 to 1971===
The tour got off to a bad start when they were outscored in the warm up match against the Barbados Colts, but Cowdrey made 139 against the West Indies Board President's XI, adding 249 with [[Geoff Boycott]] (135). They batted poorly against Trinidad and Tobago and [[Colin Milburn]] made 139 against the Trinidad Colts, but the fast bowler [[John Snow (cricketer)|John Snow]] was ill and went into the First Test at the Port of Spain as underdogs. It was Cowdrey's 92nd Test, taking him past [[Godfrey Evans]]'s record of 91 Test caps. He won the toss and made 72 batting at number three, followed by [[Ken Barrington]] (143) and vice-captain [[Tom Graveney]] (118) to be all out for 568. The West Indies were made to follow on after making 363, but drew the match with 243/8 in the second innings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WI vs ENG Cricket Scorecard, 1st Test at Port of Spain, January 19 - 24, 1968 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1967-68-61747/west-indies-vs-england-1st-test-63014/full-scorecard |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

Cowdrey made 107 when the MCC beat Jamaica by 174 runs and they went into the Second Test at [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] with more confidence. He won the toss again and made 101 in England's 376 and forced the West Indies to follow on again when Snow's 7/49 dismissed them for 143. The West Indies were 204/5 on the day four and when [[Basil Butcher]] was caught behind off [[Basil D'Oliveira]] the crowd rioted and threw bottles onto the outfield. Cowdrey tried to calm the crowd without success and play was abandoned as the police used [[tear gas]] to restore order. Cowdrey and the manager [[Les Ames]] reluctantly agreed to resume play to help placate the crowd and an extra 75 minutes was added on the sixth day to make up for lost time.<ref>Cowdrey, pp. 179–81</ref> Sobers thought it wouldn't be needed as they had battled so badly, but the riot had unsettled the England team. The West Indian captain made 113 not out and was able to declare at 391/9, leaving England 190 to win on the extra day. Boycott and Cowdrey made ducks and English crashed to 43/4 at the end of day five and barely survived with 68/8 after the extra time on day six. Sobers took 3/33 and [[Lance Gibbs]] 3/11, which would have grave repercussions in the Fourth Test. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Cowdrey took the next two matches off (which were drawn), but was with [[Fred Titmus]] when the off-spinner had four toes cut off by a boat propeller while swimming and drove him to the hospital for surgery, which enabled him to return to cricket after the tour. The Third Test at [[Bridgetown]] was a dull draw, with Sobers winning the toss and the West Indies making 349, followed by 449 from England with Boycott (146) and [[John Edrich]] (90) adding 172 for the 1st wicket. They returned to [[Port of Spain]] for the Fourth Test, Sobers won the toss again and his team made 526/7. England replied with 404, Cowdrey top-scoring with 148 and hitting 21 boundaries. The game looked doomed to another draw when Sobers suddenly declared at 92/2 on the fifth day, leaving England 215 runs to win in 165 minutes. Sobers disliked the thought of playing out five draws in a series and remembered the sudden English collapse in the Third Test which might give him a surprise victory. Though he needed Tom Graveney and Ken Barrington to overcome his natural inclination to safety they set about the runs with Boycott holding up one end with 80 not out and adding 118 in 75 minutes with Cowdrey (71) for a 7 wicket victory with three minutes to spare. Sobers was lambasted throughout the West Indies for his declaration and Cowdrey found him drinking alone in a bar that evening when he was usually surrounded by fans.

The MCC beat Guyana and England went into the Fifth Test at [[Bourda]] with a 1–0 lead. Sobers won the toss again and revived his reputation with an innings of 150, adding 250 with [[Rohan Kanhai]] (152) as the West Indies made 414. England made 371 with Boycott (116) and Cowdrey (59) adding 172, then England collapsed to 269/8 before [[Tony Lock]] (brought over from [[Western Warriors|Western Australia]] to replace Titmus) struck 89. Sobers made 95 not out in the West Indies second innings of 264, and England needed 308 to win on the last day. They fell to 41/5, but the four-hour Kent partnership of 127 between Cowdrey (82) and [[Alan Knott]] (73 not out) saved the day and England drew the match with a nail-biting 206/9. The win assumed greater proportions over the following years as it would be 32 years before England won another series against the West Indies. Cowdrey finished with 534 runs (66.75), his most prolific Test series and the only one in which he exceeded 500 runs.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Australia had held the Ashes since 1958–59 and Cowdrey was keen to return them to England, but he was frustrated by the damp summer. There was no excuse for the First Test at Old Trafford where Australia made 357 and England fell from 86/0 to 165 all out to the part-time off-spin of [[Bob Cowper]] (4/48) and lost by 159 runs, though Basil D'Oliveira made 87 not out in the second innings. The Second Test was the 200th between the two countries and Colin Milburn hammered 83 and Cowdrey 45 in England's 351/7 while Australia were hustled out for 78 after a freak hail storm whitened the ground. 15 hours were lost to the weather and after following on Australia salvaged a draw with 127/4.

The Third Test at Edgbaston was Cowdrey's 100th, the first time that anyone had completed a century of Tests. He celebrated by making 104, using Boycott as a runner after straining his leg. He became the second batsman after [[Wally Hammond]] to make 7,000 Test runs, but England took 172.5 overs to make 409 and though Australia only made 222 the match was drawn. Both Cowdrey and the Australian captain [[Bill Lawry]] were unfit for the Fourth Test, which was drawn when England finished on 230/4 needing 326. Australia's 1–0 lead ensured that they held onto the Ashes, but Cowdrey went to the Fifth Test determined to at least even the series. As the ball was swinging at the Oval that season he wanted the bowlers [[Tom Cartwright]] and [[Barry Knight (cricketer)|Barry Knight]], but they were both unfit and the opener [[Roger Prideaux]] caught a virus of the eve of the Test. D'Oliveira was an all-rounder who could swing the ball so Cowdrey asked for him to cover both needs and he made a politically important 158 in England's 494.<ref>Cowdrey, pp. 197–99</ref> Australia made 325 and dismissed England for 181, but collapsed to 85/5 at lunch on the last day needing 352 to win when a deluge flooded the Oval. The players started packing their bags, but Cowdrey called on the crowd to help the groundstaff dry the ground. "Like a modern-day [[King Canute]] he rolled up his trousers, waded into the water...and supervised the mopping up operations of hundreds of volunteers",<ref>John Snow, Cricket Rebel: An Autobiography, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd (1976), p. 61</ref> [[Derek Underwood]] took 7/50 and England won by 226 runs with six minutes to spare. Kent came second to [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] again in the County Championship, winning more matches, but falling behind on bonus points.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

[[Basil D'Oliveira]] was a [[Cape Coloured]] who emigrated to England so he could play first-class cricket, from which he was banned in South Africa. When he was not included in the MCC team for South Africa after his match-winning century there was a press storm in what was known as the [[D'Oliveira affair]]. It appeared that he was omitted as he was unacceptable to the South African government, then at the height of [[apartheid]]. Cowdrey and the selectors maintained that he had not been chosen for purely cricketing reasons, but when Cartwright was declared unfit they brought in D'Oliveira, who was the first reserve. To President [[B.J. Vorster|Vorster]] of South Africa it looked like the MCC was caving in to anti-apartheid pressure and he cancelled the tour. Cowdrey offered to fly to South Africa to mediate, but it was 26 years before England next played South Africa.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

With the South African tour cancelled a new one was arranged to [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] and Pakistan, which was in political turmoil that resulted in the fall of [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|President Ayub Khan]] and imposition of [[martial law]] by his successor General [[Yahya Khan]]. After a few easy-going matches in Ceylon the tour match against the West Pakistan Governor's XI saw play abandoned after 25 overs, there were no other tour matches and all the Tests were affected by political demonstrations against the military regime. In the First Test at [[Lahore]] Cowdrey won the toss and made exactly 100, his 22nd Test century to match [[Wally Hammond]]'s England record. England made 309, dismissed Pakistan for 209 and Cowdrey declared the second innings at 225/9 to give them 326 to win, but Pakistan made 203/5 for a draw. [[Saeed Ahmed (cricketer, born 1937)|Saeed Ahmed]] won the toss in the Second Test at [[Dacca]] in [[East Pakistan]], soon to be [[Bangladesh]], where there was rioting and gunfire around the team hotel.<ref>Snow, pp. 66–68</ref> Pakistan made 246, which was matched by England's 274, thanks to D'Oliveira's 114 not out. Pakistan took 101 overs to make 196/5 and a token declaration left England to make 33/0. Cowdrey won the toss again in the Third Test at [[Karachi]], but there were riots on the first two days by fans who wanted [[Hanif Mohammad]] as captain instead of Saeed. England piled up 502/7, with [[Colin Milburn]] making 139 and Tom Graveney 105, but the match was abandoned after demonstrators wrecked the stadium on the morning of the third day, leaving [[Alan Knott]] stranded on 96 not out. Cowdrey was not there to see it as he left on the second day after his father-in-law died,<ref>Cowdrey, p. 78</ref> leaving Graveney in charge. The team followed on the third day, with manager [[Les Ames]] abandoning the Test and the rest of the tour to save the team.<ref>Snow, p. 73</ref>

Cowdrey broke the [[Achilles tendon]] in his left heel three weeks into the 1969 season and he could not play until the last match in September. The veteran [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] professional [[Ray Illingworth]] was his surprise replacement after only a month as captain of [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]]. He was chosen over his rivals [[Brian Close]] and [[Tom Graveney]] as he was not seen as a threat to Cowdrey's long-term captaincy due to his age and inability to establish a regular spot in the Test team.<ref>Swanton, pp. 63–64</ref> However, Illingworth made his maiden Test century in his second Test in charge, beat the West Indies and New Zealand 2–0 each and remained captain even when Cowdrey recovered. Kent suffered from his absence and fell to 10th in the County Championship, but Cowdrey was able to get some match practice in by touring the West Indies with the [[International Cavaliers]] and the [[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk|Duke of Norfolk's XI]].

The South African tour was cancelled and as the cricketers needed practice against a top team before going to Australia, and to fill MCC coffers, a [[Rest of the World cricket team in England in 1970|Rest of the World XI]] under Gary Sobers was organised from overseas cricketers playing for English counties. Cowdrey was still easing himself back into cricket when the First 'Test' was played and he was not selected, but played in the other four and made 1 and 64 in the Second, 0 and 71 in the Third, 1 and 0 in the Fourth and 73 and 31 in the Fifth, a total of 241 runs (30.13). England lost the series 4–1, but three of their defeats were close and they were playing the best team in the world. These were counted as Tests at the time, but the ICC subsequently disallowed them. This meant that Cowdrey passed [[Wally Hammond]]'s record of 7,249 Test runs when he made 71 at Trent Bridge to become the [[List of Test cricket records|most prolific Test batsmen]], and would do it again in Australia. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Cowdrey's return to the England team fueled speculation that he was to resume the captaincy from Illingworth, but he did not and in the Third 'Test' he was told that his rival would be made captain for the Australian tour. He was willing to accompany him as a player, but had to think about being vice-captain again as he thought a younger man should be chosen. In the end he accepted in order to help his Kent teammate [[David Clark (cricketer)|David Clark]] with the administration.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Cowdrey had other considerations in the summer of 1970, which was Kent County Cricket Club's Centenary. Kent had been 13th in the County Championship in his first year as captain in 1957, but had improved and were runners up in 1967 and 1968. The county has been short of funds throughout the 60s, but agreed to increase resources for extra staff for the 1970 season, which could only be justified by winning the County Championship for the first time since 1913. Apart from their energetic overseas player [[Asif Iqbal (cricketer, born 1943)|Asif Iqbal]] and the Scottish [[Mike Denness]] they had home-grown talent in the shape of [[Alan Knott]], [[Derek Underwood]], [[Bob Woolmer]], [[Brian Luckhurst]], and [[Alan Ealham]]. At the start of the season [[Edward Heath]], Kent fan and leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], gave a speech at their dinner, saying that 1906 had seen Kent win their first County Championship alongside a [[1906 United Kingdom general election|change of government]] and they should do so again in 1970.<ref>Cowdrey, p. 211</ref>

In early July it appeared that he had jinxed both their chances with Heath behind in the polls in the [[1970 United Kingdom general election|General Election]] and Kent at the bottom of the championship table. The change came when Sussex defeated them in the [[Gillette Cup (England)|Gillette Cup]], giving them two rest days which Cowdrey used to hammer out their difficulties in a team meeting. They decided to chase bonus points and won 7 and drew 5 of their last 12 games, often by close margins and it was a draw at the Oval, where Cowdrey made 112, that gave them the title with the newly elected [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] Heath at the ground to invite them to a reception at [[10 Downing Street]] to celebrate.<ref>Cowdrey, p. 219</ref>

Cowdrey was made vice-captain for an [[1970–71 Ashes series|Australian tour]] for the fourth time and Illingworth's tough no-nonsense approach to the game clashed with the MCC tour manager [[David Clark (cricketer)|David Clark]], who had been captain of [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] in Cowdrey's youth and had given him his county cap. As a result, Illingworth effectively took over the running of the tour with the support of the players and Clark's influence declined,<ref>Snow, pp. 94–95</ref><ref>Swanton, pp. 150–51</ref> as did that of Cowdrey, who as his only ally he became isolated, though he still had his Kent teammates [[Derek Underwood]], [[Alan Knott]] and [[Brian Luckhurst]].<ref name="p110, Snow">Snow, p. 110</ref> The players tended to avoid the press and public, even to the point of having their meals in their hotel rooms, and only Cowdrey made an effort to meet and greet the cricket fans. The rotund Cowdrey was in the sunset of his career and failed on tour, making only one century – 101 against [[Victorian Bushrangers|Victoria]] – which was so slow that he was likened to a [[beached whale]].<ref>[[Richard Whitington]], ''Captains Outrageous? Cricket in the Seventies'', [[Stanley Paul]] (1972), p. 54</ref>

In the First Test he overtook [[Wally Hammond]]'s record of 7,249 runs to become the [[List of Test cricket records|most prolific Test batsman]], a record he held for a year when it was overtaken by [[Gary Sobers]]. Cowdrey made only 1 run in the inaugural [[One Day International]] at Melbourne and was dropped for the Fourth Test, had his cap stolen while fielding in the Fifth Test and was dropped again for the Sixth and Seventh Tests. Illingworth won an argumentative series 2–0 and regained the Ashes, but Cowdrey only made 82 runs (20.50) in the series. They carried on to New Zealand, and Cowdrey missed the First Test and needed a runner to make 54 and 45 in the Second Test at Auckland, coming in at 63/4 in the second innings when New Zealand had a real chance of winning their first victory against England, but he added 76 with Alan Knott (96), and the danger was averted.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Cowdrey played what he thought was would be his last Test against Pakistan at Edgbaston, making 14 and 34. He was now 38 and a serious bout of [[pneumonia]] meant he could not play for half the season, though his 15th year as Kent captain he equalled [[George Harris, 4th Baron Harris|Lord Harris]]'s record and made him the longest serving post-war captain in county cricket. His vice-captain and successor [[Mike Denness]] led Kent for most of the season; they fell to 4th in the County Championship and were the finalists in the Gillette Cup, but Cowdrey was unable to play and they lost to [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] by 24 runs.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

===1972 to 1976===
Cowdrey continued to play for Kent under Mike Denness (who succeeded Ray Illingworth as England captain in 1973) and the county continued its success. It came 2nd in the County Championship in 1972, 4th in 1973, but slipped to 10th in 1974, but won the [[John Player League]] in 1972 and 1973, the [[Benson and Hedges Cup]] in 1973 (Cowdrey hitting a cheeky 25 not out) and the Gillette Cup again in 1974, beating Lancashire by 4 wickets in the final. With his Test career seemingly over he was appointed a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] by the Prime Minister [[Ted Heath]] in 1972. Cowdrey's great milestone was his 100th first-class century, 100 not out against Surrey at [[Maidstone]] on 4 July 1974, after which he had a celebratory luncheon at Lords with ex-prime minister Sir [[Alec Douglas-Home]] as the guest speaker. {{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

After the disastrous First Test in Brisbane the tour selectors sent back to London for the 41-year-old Cowdrey as a replacement batsmen. Cowdrey was highly regarded by the MCC team and in particular by [[Mike Denness]], who had succeeded him as captain of [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]]. In his 20-year Test career he had faced the Australian fast bowlers [[Keith Miller]], [[Ray Lindwall]], [[Alan Keith Davidson|Alan Davidson]], [[Ian Meckiff]], [[Gordon Rorke]] and even the young [[Dennis Lillee]]. Although the Australian press was aghast at such a recall – Cowdrey had not played a Test in four years – the tourists were keen to have a man with the technique and strength of purpose to play the fastest of bowlers.<ref>Tyson, pp. 57–60</ref> He arrived in Perth with the wives of the MCC team after a 19-hour delay in Bombay, too late to play a practice match, and was called up for the Second Test two days after he arrived and with three hours in the nets. This was his sixth tour of Australia, matching the record of the [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] spinner [[Johnny Briggs (cricketer)|Johnny Briggs]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154334.html |title=Wisden: MCC in Australia and New Zealand, 1974–75 |work=ESPN cricinfo |access-date=25 November 2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223014919/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154334.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cowdrey showed he had lost none of his timing and that his bat was as straight as ever until he was bowled behind his legs by Thomson (2/45) for 22. In the second innings he volunteered to open with [[David Lloyd (cricketer)|David Lloyd]] instead of the badly bruised [[Brian Luckhurst]]. Cowdrey was dropped by [[Ian Redpath]] off Lillee, hit on the arm, survived a confident appeal by [[Rod Marsh]] before he was finally caught [[leg before wicket|lbw]] by Thomson for 41, his highest score of the series. After the Second Test Cowdrey made 78 and took 2/27 against South Australia. Before the Third Test at Melbourne [[Frank Tyson]] recalled "Colin Cowdrey and [[John Edrich]] were unable to practice on [[Christmas Eve]] – mainly because of the drizzling rain but also because Cowdrey wanted to spend his birthday in comparative peace. Since both batsmen wanted to feel the ball on bat before the Test, I volunteered the use of the [[Hawthorn, Victoria|Hawthorn]] Indoor Cricket Centre, in which I was a partner, for a two-hour work-out on [[Christmas]] morning. It was quite a contrast to open the children's presents in the early hours and to open the bowling at the two English batsmen before lunch. My fifteen old son, Philip, thought the latter experience to be quite the best of his Christmas presents".<ref>Tyson, p. 85</ref> He played his 114th and last Test at Melbourne, and opened the innings again as Lloyd was injured, but only made 7. Even so, England made 529 and won by an innings, with Cowdrey dismissing [[Rick McCosker]] for his 120th catch. He was given a warm farewell by his fans in "an impromptu little gathering on the outfield in front of the banner reading '[[Melbourne Cricket Ground|M.C.G.]] FANS THANK COLIN – 6 TOURS'. The central figure, wearing a large straw sun-hat, was signing endless autographs, posing for photographs and exchanging friendly talk with young and old in the way that has made him as popular a cricketer as has ever visited Australia".<ref name="p183, Swanton">Swanton, p. 183</ref>

The South African tour of 1975 was cancelled and instead there was [[Cricket World Cup|Prudential World Cup]] with the Australians staying on for a Test series afterwards. Their first first-class match after losing the Cup Final was against Kent and Cowdrey has already announced his retirement at the end of the season. [[Ian Chappell]] won the toss and declared on 415/8, Kent were out for 202 and Chappell was able to declare his second innings at 140/3 on the last day to set the hosts 354 to win. He was so confident of a win that he ordered a coach for 4 pm to take the team to [[Southampton]] for dinner before their next match against Hampshire, but Cowdrey struck 151 not out, Kent won by 4 wickets and the Australians didn't reach Southampton until midnight. It was first victory by Kent over Australia since 1899.<ref>Cowdrey, pp. 224–25</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/35/35275.html |title=match |work=CricketArchive |access-date=25 November 2014 |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510105904/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/35/35275.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Cowdrey was asked to captain the MCC against the Australians, but was dismissed for a pair by Lillee, though this did not stop speculation that he would replace Mike Denness as England captain. His 107th and last first-class century was 119 not out against [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]], but he returned next year for one more game against [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] when Kent were short of players, making 25 and 15 and taking two catches. [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]], incidentally, went on to win the John Player League in 1976 and the County Championship in 1977–78.

===International centuries===
Cowdrey made 22 Test centuries<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/10846.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=List of international centuries scored by Colin Cowdrey |work=ESPN cricinfo |access-date=6 February 2020 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127074435/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/10846.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |url-status=live }}</ref> to equal [[Wally Hammond]]'s England record. This has subsequently been exceeded by a number of players.

Of the 22 Tests in which Cowdrey made a hundred, England won 10, drew 11 and lost one; the defeat was the 1965 match against [[South African national cricket team|South Africa]] at [[Trent Bridge]], in which Cowdrey scored 105. He was the first batsman to score a Test century against six different teams: Australia, South Africa, the West Indies, New Zealand, India and Pakistan – they were the only Test teams other than England during his career.{{sfn|Arlott|1986|p=58}} The table below is a list of Cowdrey's Test centuries:

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ International centuries scored by Colin Cowdrey
|-
! No.
! Date
! Opposing team
! Ground
! Score
|-
| 1 || {{dts|format=dmy|1954|12|31}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]], [[Melbourne]] || 102<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-australia-1954-55-61713/australia-vs-england-3rd-test-62779/live-cricket-score 3rd Test, Melbourne, Dec 31 - Jan 5 1955, England tour of Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518185006/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-australia-1954-55-61713/australia-vs-england-3rd-test-62779/live-cricket-score |date=18 May 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{dts|format=dmy|1957|1|1}} || {{cr|SA|1928}} || [[Newlands Cricket Ground|Newlands]], [[Cape Town]] || 101<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-south-africa-1956-57-61683/south-africa-vs-england-2nd-test-62821/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, Cape Town, Jan 1 - Jan 5 1957, England tour of South Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127074435/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-south-africa-1956-57-61683/south-africa-vs-england-2nd-test-62821/live-cricket-score |date=27 January 2024 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 3 || {{dts|format=dmy|1957|5|30}} || {{cr|WIN}} || [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]] || 154<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-england-1957-61875/england-vs-west-indies-1st-test-62825/live-cricket-score 1st Test, Birmingham, May 30 - Jun 4 1957, West Indies tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507194556/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-england-1957-61875/england-vs-west-indies-1st-test-62825/live-cricket-score |date=7 May 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 4 || {{dts|format=dmy|1957|6|20}} || {{cr|WIN}} || [[Lord's]], London || 152<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-england-1957-61875/england-vs-west-indies-2nd-test-62826/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, London, Jun 20 - Jun 22 1957, West Indies tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618100437/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-england-1957-61875/england-vs-west-indies-2nd-test-62826/live-cricket-score |date=18 June 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 5 || {{dts|format=dmy|1959|1|9}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[Sydney Cricket Ground|SCG]], Sydney || 100[[not out|*]]<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-australia-1958-59-61728/australia-vs-england-3rd-test-62852/live-cricket-score 3rd Test, Sydney, Jan 9 - Jan 15 1959, England tour of Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516025425/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-australia-1958-59-61728/australia-vs-england-3rd-test-62852/live-cricket-score |date=16 May 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 6 || {{dts|format=dmy|1959|7|2}} || {{cr|IND}} || [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Leeds]] || 160<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-1959-62279/england-vs-india-3rd-test-62862/live-cricket-score 3rd Test, Leeds, Jul 2 - Jul 4 1959, India tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213171148/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-1959-62279/england-vs-india-3rd-test-62862/live-cricket-score |date=13 February 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 7 || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|2|17}} || {{cr|WIN}} || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || 114<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1959-60-61744/west-indies-vs-england-3rd-test-62875/live-cricket-score 3rd Test, Kingston, Feb 17 - Feb 23 1960, England tour of West Indies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127074436/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1959-60-61744/west-indies-vs-england-3rd-test-62875/live-cricket-score |date=27 January 2024 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 8 || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|3|25}} || {{cr|WIN}} || [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]] || 119<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1959-60-61744/west-indies-vs-england-5th-test-62877/live-cricket-score 5th Test, Port of Spain, Mar 25 - Mar 31 1960, England tour of West Indies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828171203/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1959-60-61744/west-indies-vs-england-5th-test-62877/live-cricket-score |date=28 August 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 9 || {{dts|format=dmy|1960|8|18}} || {{cr|SA|1928}} || [[The Oval]], London || 155<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-tour-of-england-1960-61817/england-vs-south-africa-5th-test-62882/live-cricket-score 5th Test, London, Aug 18 - Aug 23 1960, South Africa tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027024810/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-tour-of-england-1960-61817/england-vs-south-africa-5th-test-62882/live-cricket-score |date=27 October 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 10 || {{dts|format=dmy|1962|5|31}} || {{cr|PAK}} || [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]] || 159<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-england-1962-61451/england-vs-pakistan-1st-test-62916/live-cricket-score 1st Test, Birmingham, May 31 - Jun 4 1962, Pakistan tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213173240/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-england-1962-61451/england-vs-pakistan-1st-test-62916/live-cricket-score |date=13 February 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 11 || {{dts|format=dmy|1962|8|16}} || {{cr|PAK}} || [[The Oval]], London || 182<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-england-1962-61451/england-vs-pakistan-5th-test-62920/live-cricket-score 5th Test, London, Aug 16 - Aug 20 1962, Pakistan tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828180529/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-england-1962-61451/england-vs-pakistan-5th-test-62920/live-cricket-score |date=28 August 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 12 || {{dts|format=dmy|1962|12|29}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]], [[Melbourne]] || 113<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-marylebone-cricket-club-tour-of-australia-1962-63-61727/australia-vs-england-2nd-test-62922/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, Melbourne, Dec 29 - Jan 3 1963, England (Marylebone Cricket Club) tour of Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827110210/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-marylebone-cricket-club-tour-of-australia-1962-63-61727/australia-vs-england-2nd-test-62922/live-cricket-score |date=27 August 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 13 || {{dts|format=dmy|1963|3|1}} || {{cr|NZ}} || [[Basin Reserve]], [[Wellington]] || 128 [[not out]]<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-new-zealand-1962-63-61773/new-zealand-vs-england-2nd-test-62927/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, Wellington, Mar 1 - Mar 4 1963, England tour of New Zealand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175449/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-new-zealand-1962-63-61773/new-zealand-vs-england-2nd-test-62927/live-cricket-score |date=28 October 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 14 || {{dts|format=dmy|1964|1|29}} || {{cr|IND}} || [[Eden Gardens]], Calcutta || 107<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-1963-64-61794/india-vs-england-3rd-test-62941/live-cricket-score 3rd Test, Kolkata, Jan 29 - Feb 3 1964, England tour of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127074541/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-1963-64-61794/india-vs-england-3rd-test-62941/live-cricket-score |date=27 January 2024 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 15 || {{dts|format=dmy|1964|2|8}} || {{cr|IND}} || [[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium|Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], New Delhi || 151<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-1963-64-61794/india-vs-england-4th-test-62942/live-cricket-score 4th Test, Delhi, Feb 8 - Feb 13 1964, England tour of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814041415/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-1963-64-61794/india-vs-england-4th-test-62942/live-cricket-score |date=14 August 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 16 || {{dts|format=dmy|1965|6|17}} || {{cr|NZ}} || [[Lord's]], London || 119<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-england-1965-62079/england-vs-new-zealand-2nd-test-62978/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, London, Jun 17 - Jun 22 1965, New Zealand tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614083306/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-england-1965-62079/england-vs-new-zealand-2nd-test-62978/live-cricket-score |date=14 June 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 17 || {{dts|format=dmy|1965|8|5}} || {{cr|SA|1928}} || [[Trent Bridge]], [[Nottingham]] || 105<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-tour-of-england-1965-61815/england-vs-south-africa-2nd-test-62981/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, Nottingham, Aug 5 - Aug 9 1965, South Africa tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027024819/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-tour-of-england-1965-61815/england-vs-south-africa-2nd-test-62981/live-cricket-score |date=27 October 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 18 || {{dts|format=dmy|1965|12|30}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]], [[Melbourne]] || 104<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-australia-1965-66-61701/australia-vs-england-2nd-test-62984/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, Melbourne, Dec 30 - Jan 4 1966, England tour of Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213144001/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-australia-1965-66-61701/australia-vs-england-2nd-test-62984/live-cricket-score |date=13 February 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 19 || {{dts|format=dmy|1968|2|8}} || {{cr|WIN}} || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || 101<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1967-68-61747/west-indies-vs-england-2nd-test-63015/live-cricket-score 2nd Test, Kingston, Feb 8 - Feb 14 1968, England tour of West Indies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127074437/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1967-68-61747/west-indies-vs-england-2nd-test-63015/live-cricket-score |date=27 January 2024 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 20 || {{dts|format=dmy|1968|3|14}} || {{cr|WIN}} || [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]] || 148<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1967-68-61747/west-indies-vs-england-4th-test-63017/live-cricket-score 4th Test, Port of Spain, Mar 14 - Mar 19 1968, England tour of West Indies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213205750/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-west-indies-1967-68-61747/west-indies-vs-england-4th-test-63017/live-cricket-score |date=13 February 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 21 || {{dts|format=dmy|1968|7|11}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]] || 104<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-1968-61359/england-vs-australia-3rd-test-63025/live-cricket-score 3rd Test, Birmingham, Jul 11 - Jul 16 1968, Australia tour of England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213173243/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-1968-61359/england-vs-australia-3rd-test-63025/live-cricket-score |date=13 February 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
| 22 || {{dts|format=dmy|1969|2|21}} || {{cr|PAK}} || [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]] || 100<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-pakistan-1968-69-61760/pakistan-vs-england-1st-test-63033/live-cricket-score 1st Test, Lahore, Feb 21 - Feb 24 1969, England tour of Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213164921/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-pakistan-1968-69-61760/pakistan-vs-england-1st-test-63033/live-cricket-score |date=13 February 2021 }}, ESPN cricinfo. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref>
|-
|}

==Style and personality==
As a batsman, Cowdrey's favourite stroke was the cover drive, at which he excelled,{{sfn|Moyes|Goodman|1965|p=72}} but he had the full array of stokes all around the wicket. His quick reflexes also made him an outstanding [[slip (cricket)|slip fielder]]. [[Tom Graveney]] described him as "a masterly batsman with an excellent technique (who) delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance".{{sfn|Graveney|1983|p=54}} However, Cowdrey always feared that his wicket was too important to be thrown away and he was sometimes too cautious when facing certain bowlers. [[John Arlott]] noticed this and commented: "Cowdrey could sink into pits of uncertainty when the fire ceased to burn, allowing himself to be dominated by bowlers inferior to him in skill".{{sfn|Arlott|1986|p=57}} Cowdrey himself said: "The proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving".{{sfn|Willis|Murphy|1986|p=98}}

Cowdrey adopted a mostly cautious approach to captaincy but always listened to his players. He would usually set a field as recommended by the bowler and then stick to it, rather than making frequent changes. His greatest asset was man-management as he genuinely cared about his players. For example, he always thanked each bowler at the end of a spell and each batsman at the end of an innings. Tom Graveney said Cowdrey was the best captain he played under.{{sfn|Graveney|1983|pp=54–55}}

==Personal life and post-retirement==
[[Image:MCC Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|The MCC flag flying over [[Westminster Abbey]] on the day of Cowdrey's memorial service.]]
While still a player, Cowdrey was appointed [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the [[1972 New Year Honours]] for services to cricket.<ref>United Kingdom list: {{London Gazette |issue=45554 |date=31 December 1971 |pages=8 |supp=y}}</ref> Following his retirement in 1976, he worked closely behind the scenes at Kent and became President of the MCC in 1986. He was Chairman of the [[International Cricket Council]] from 1989 to 1993, when [[International Panel of Umpires and Referees|referees and neutral umpires]] were introduced to international cricket.<ref name="TG2994018"/> He served on the board at [[Whitbread|House of Whitbread Frelims]] and [[Barclays|Barclays Bank International]] and was a member of the Council of the [[Winston Churchill Memorial Trust]], a Member of the Council of The Cook Society (affiliate of [[Britain–Australia Society]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://britain-australia.org.uk/about/the-cook-society |title=The Cook Society, The Britain-Australia Society, BritOz |access-date=23 June 2013 |archive-date=7 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807221827/http://britain-australia.org.uk/about/the-cook-society/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Having been [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in the [[1992 New Year Honours]],<ref>United Kingdom list: {{London Gazette |issue=52767 |date=30 December 1991 |pages=2 |supp=y}}</ref> Cowdrey became a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge''' in the [[1997 Birthday Honours|1997 Queen's Birthday Honours List]]; he is one of only two cricketers to be given a life peerage for their services to the sport, the other being [[Learie Constantine]] in 1969.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54842 |date=23 July 1997 |page=8443}}</ref> Cowdrey was named President of Kent County Cricket Club in 2000, the year he died.<ref name="TG2994018"/>

He was married twice. His first wife was Penny Chiesman from 1956 until their divorce in 1985. They were the parents of Kent cricketers [[Chris Cowdrey|Chris]] and [[Graham Cowdrey]]. Cowdrey's second wife was [[Anne Cowdrey, 14th Lady Herries of Terregles|Lady Anne Fitzalan-Howard]], whom he married in 1985.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} Cowdrey died of a heart attack on 4 December 2000, aged 67. He is the fourth most recent sportsman to be honoured with a memorial service in [[Westminster Abbey]], following Sir [[Frank Worrell]], [[Learie Constantine|Lord Constantine]] and [[Bobby Moore]]. The [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC) [[MCC Spirit of Cricket Cowdrey Lecture|Spirit of Cricket Cowdrey Lecture]] was inaugurated in his memory.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Arlott |first=John |author-link=John Arlott |title=John Arlott's 100 Greatest Batsmen |publisher=Queen Anne Press |location=London |year=1986 |isbn= 978-03-56176-64-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Cowdrey |first=Colin |title=M.C.C. The Autobiography of a Cricketer |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=London |year=1976 |isbn=978-03-40147-40-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Graveney |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Graveney |title=The Heart of Cricket |publisher=Arthur Barker |location=London |year=1983 |isbn=978-02-13168-60-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Moyes |first1=A. G. |author-link1=Johnnie Moyes |last2=Goodman |first2=Thomas |title=With the M.C.C. in Australia 1962–63, A Critical Story of the Tour |publisher=The Sportsmans Book Club |location=London |year=1965 |asin=B00178493I}}
* {{cite book |last=Playfair |editor-last=Ross |editor-first=Gordon |editor-link=Gordon Ross (writer) |title=Playfair Cricket Annual |publisher=Playfair Books |location=London |year=1955}}
* {{cite book |last=Playfair |editor-last=Ross |editor-first=Gordon |editor-link=Gordon Ross (writer) |title=Playfair Cricket Annual |publisher=Playfair Books |location=London |year=1958}}
* {{cite book |last=Tyson |first=Frank |author-link=Frank Tyson |title=In the Eye of the Typhoon: The Inside Story of the MCC Tour of Australia and New Zealand 1954/55 |publisher=Parrs Wood Press |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=978-19-03158-57-9}}
* {{cite book |last1=Willis |first1=Bob |author-link1=Bob Willis |last2=Murphy |first2=Patrick |title=Starting With Grace |publisher=Stanley Paul |location=London |year=1986 |isbn=978-00-91661-00-7}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=10846}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-sports}}
{{Succession box
| before=[[Peter May (cricketer)|Peter May]] [[Peter May (cricketer)|Peter May]] [[Ted Dexter]] [[M. J. K. Smith]] [[Brian Close]] [[Tom Graveney]]
| title=[[English national cricket captains|English national cricket captain]]
| years=1959 1959/60–1961 1962 1966 1967/68–1968 1968–1968/69
| after=[[Peter May (cricketer)|Peter May]] [[Peter May (cricketer)|Peter May]] [[Ted Dexter]] [[Brian Close]] [[Tom Graveney]] [[Ray Illingworth]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before=[[Doug Wright (cricketer)|Doug Wright]]
| title=[[Kent County Cricket Club]] [[List of Kent County Cricket Club captains|captain]]
| years=1957–1971
| after=[[Mike Denness]]
}}
{{s-new| post}}
{{S-ttl
| title=[[List of ICC presidents|President of the ICC]]
| years=1989–1993
}}
{{s-aft| after=[[Clyde Walcott|Sir Clyde Walcott]] }}
{{S-end}}

{{England Test cricket captains}}
{{Englishmen with 100 or more Test caps}}
{{Batsmen who have scored 100 first-class centuries}}
{{ICC Cricket Hall of Fame}}
{{Presidents of ICC}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cowdrey, Colin}}
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[[Category:British sportsperson-politicians]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Commonwealth XI cricketers]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) life peers|Cowdrey of Tonbridge, Colin Cowdrey, Baron]]
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[[Category:T. N. Pearce's XI cricketers]]
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[[Category:Cowdrey family|Colin]]

Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

2026-03-17T09:43:10Z

Trevor51P0492:

{{Short description|Local governing body of Pimpri-Chinchwad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation
| native_name = ''Pimparī Cin̄cavaḍa Mahānagarapālikā''
| native_name_lang = ma
| motto = Prepared for public interest
| coa_pic = Official Logo of PCMC.jpeg
| coa_res = 200px
| coa_alt = Logo of PCMC
| coa_caption = [[Emblem|Emblem of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation]]
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| foundation = 11 October 1982<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/location_info.php|title=PCMC {{!}} City Location|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-01|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806044146/http://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/location_info.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| preceded_by = Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Council, Pune (1970-1982)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punediary.com/html/pcmt.html|title=PCMC Pimpri chinchwad mahanagar palika PCMT Pimpri chinchwad municipal transport punediary.com pcmc|website=www.punediary.com|access-date=2018-05-01}}</ref>
| leader1_type = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] & Administrator
| leader1 = Dr. Vijay Suryawanshi
| party1 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite web|title=PCMC's Commissioner|url=http://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/department.asp?Action=SHOW_DETAIL&MID=16&PID=1&MenuID=16&ID=00054&Title=1-Office%20of%20Commissioner|work=PCMC - Office of Commissioner|access-date=21 August 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321120737/http://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/department.asp?Action=SHOW_DETAIL&MID=16&PID=1&MenuID=16&ID=00054&Title=1-Office%20of%20Commissioner|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| leader2_type = Mayor
| leader2 = Ravi Landge
| party2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| leader3_type = Deputy Mayor
| leader3 = Sharmila Babar
| party3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| leader4_type = Leader of Opposition
| members = 128<ref>{{cite news|title=PCMC civic elders strength to be 128|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/SakaalTimesBeta/20110811/4976249755531959244.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004072028/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/SakaalTimesBeta/20110811/4976249755531959244.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 October 2011|newspaper=Sakaal Times|date=11 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/pdf/election2017/Vivaran%206.pdf|title=Elections 2017 Party-wise Results|website=Official Website of PCMC}}</ref>
| structure1 = PCMC2026.svg
| structure1_res = 250px
| structure1_alt =
| political_groups1 = '''Government (84)'''
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (84)
'''Opposition (44)'''
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|37}}
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]] (6)
:* {{Party legend|Independent|1|shortname=IND}}
| committees1 = {{flatlist|
* Standing Committee
* Law Committee
* Women and Child welfare Committee
* City improvement Committee
* Sports, Art, literature and cultural committee
* Biodiversity Committee
* Ward Committees (A to H)
}}
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting]]
| first_election1 =
| last_election1 = [[2025–26 Maharashtra local election|15 January 2026]]<ref>{{cite web |title=BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804 |publisher=India TV News |date=15 December 2025}} </ref>
| next_election1 = 2031
| session_room =
| session_res = 250px
| meeting_place = PCMC Bhavan, Pimpri, Pune
| website = {{URL|https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC)''' is the [[Municipal Corporations in India|civic body]] that governs the city of [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]], from state of [[Maharashtra]], was established on 11 October 1982. It governs an area of 181 km2 with a population of 1.72 million.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/location_info.php|title=PCMC {{!}} City Location|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-04-11|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806044146/http://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/location_info.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/376-pimpri-and-chinchwad.html|title=Pimpri and Chinchwad City Population Census 2011 {{!}} Maharashtra|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref> The executive power of the PCMC is vested in the [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]], an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer appointed by the [[Government of Maharashtra]]. The position is held by Shekhar Singh (IAS) during the pandemic in late December 2020.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/hardikar-transferred-as-municipal-commissioner-of-pimpri-chinchwad/04222249|title=Hardikar transferred as Municipal Commissioner of Pimpri-Chinchwad|website=www.nagpurtoday.in|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-01}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> The general body of the PCMC consists of 128 directly elected councilors,<ref name=":7" /> popularly known as "corporators", headed by a mayor. Rahul Jadhav ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) was elected as the mayor and Sachin Chinchwade ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) as the deputy mayor in August 2018.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/rahul-jadhav-former-6-seater-rickshaw-driver-becomes-pcmc-mayor/articleshow/65274678.cms|title=Ex-auto driver is new mayor of Maharashtra city - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-04}}</ref> The PCMC headquarters is situated in [[Pimpri]] on the Old Pune-Mumbai Highway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/contact.php|title=PCMC {{!}} Contact us|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref>

== History ==
The industrialization in what is today the areas of Pune's Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation began in 1954 with the establishment of [[Hindustan Antibiotics]], the first pharmaceutical company of the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/pulse/once-crown-jewels-pharma-psus-stare-into-the-sunset/article9493627.ece|title=Once crown jewels, pharma PSUs stare into the sunset|work=@businessline|access-date=2018-05-03|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Punes-HA-Colony-looks-to-civic-body-for-aid/articleshow/52035094.cms|title=Pune's HA Colony looks to civic body for aid - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref> On 4 March 1970, [[Annasaheb Magar]] laid the foundation stone of the Pimpri Chinchwad [[Nagar Palika|Municipal Council]], which brought the industrial and residential areas of [[Pimpri]], [[Chinchwad]], Akurdi and [[Bhosari]] under a unified civic body. Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation is popularly known as PCMC, it is also one of the best planned city in India. In 1975, the status of the [[Nagar Palika|Municipal Council]] was changed from [[Classification of Indian cities|C to A class]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.punediary.com/html/pcmt.html|title=PCMC Pimpri chinchwad mahanagar palika PCMT Pimpri chinchwad municipal transport punediary.com pcmc|website=www.punediary.com|access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> On 11 October 1982, the civic body was reorganized to form the modern [[Municipal Corporations in India|municipal corporation]] with the merger of seven surrounding villages of [[Sangvi (Pimpri-Chinchwad)|Sangvi]], [[Rahatani]], [[Thergaon]], [[Pimple Gurav]], Pimple Nilakh, [[Pimple Saudagar]] as well as parts of [[Wakad]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/pdf/DP_report_TP/New%20Villeges%20DP%20Report/DP.pdf|title=Development Plan - 2021|date=May 2001|website=Official Website of PCMC|page=1.3–4 (19–20)|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231708/https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/pdf/DP_report_TP/New%20Villeges%20DP%20Report/DP.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The newly formed PCMC had an area of 86 km2 under its jurisdiction, which increased drastically in September 1997 after 18 fringe villages were merged into the city.<ref name=":6" /> Today the city has an area of 181 km2.<ref name=":1" />

== Administration ==
The [[Municipal governance in India#Responsibilities of urban local bodies|major responsibility]] of PCMC is to look after the civic and infrastructural needs of the citizens. The administration consists of two major branches: the executive branch headed by the [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] and the deliberative branch headed by the [[Mayor]]. The [[Pimpri-Chinchwad|PCMC Police]] is the law enforcement agency for the neighbourhood along with its historic [[Pune]] and answers to the Ministry of Home Affairs of the [[Government of Maharashtra|GoM]]. It is headed by a Police Commissioner, an [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer. A separate police commissionerate was announced for [[Pimpri-Chinchwad|PCMC, Pune]] in April 2018 to be carved out of Pune City Police.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/police-commissionerate-for-pimpri-chinchwad-gets-state-nod/articleshow/63703600.cms|title=Police commissionerate for Pimpri Chinchwad gets state nod - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/rs-323-crore-set-aside-for-new-pimpri-chinchwad-police-commissionerate/story-ckEdDzI8oA02adbclgzudN.html|title=Rs 323 crore set aside for New Pimpri Chinchwad Police Commissionerate|date=2018-04-04|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-04-27|language=en}}</ref>

=== Executive Branch ===
The executive branch is headed by the [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] appointed by the [[Government of Maharashtra|State government]] from the [[Indian Administrative Service]] for a term not exceeding three years according to Section 36 of the Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act, 1949.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/miscellaneous/%2802%29%20The%20Mah.%20Municipal%20Corporation%20Act%20%28H-4062%29.pdf|title=Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act, 1949|website=Official Website of the Pune Municipal Corporation}}</ref> The Municipal Commissioner also serves on the boards of directors of the two public transport companies, [[Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited|PMPML]] and [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited|MahaMetro]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pmpml.org/en/about-us/board-of-directors/|title=PMPML Board of Directors|website=PMPML}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mahametro.org/about.html|title=Maha Metro|website=mahametro.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/five-state-representatives-to-join-maha-metro-soon/articleshow/56631528.cms|title=Five state representatives to join Maha-Metro soon - Pune Mirror -|work=Pune Mirror|access-date=2018-04-20}}</ref>

==== Administrative Zones ====
The city is divided into eight administrative zones (named A to H). Each zone consists of 4 electoral wards and has an office ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: क्षेत्रिय कार्यालय, [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: Kṣhetriya Kāryālay) overseen by an Assistant Municipal Commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/ward_info.php|title=PCMC {{!}} Administration zone information|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/new-pcmc-zonal-offices-to-open-in-a-week/articleshow/59496435.cms|title=New PCMC zonal offices to open in a week - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref>

=== Deliberative Branch ===
The deliberative branch is the elected branch of the PCMC headed by the [[Mayor]].<ref name=":92">Mukhopadhyay, A., 1999. Politics and Bureaucracy in Urban Governance: The Indian Experience. Mathur, India,pp.110 [http://www.nipfp.org.in/media/pdf/books/BK_47/Chapters/4.%20%20Politics%20&%20Bureaucracy%20In%20Urban%20Governance.pdf]</ref> The city is divided into 32 electoral wards ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: प्रभाग, [[IAST]]: Prabhāg), represented by 4 [[Councillors|corporators]] each.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/pdf/election2017/PCMC%20Final%20Ward%20Rachana%20gazeete.pdf|title=Final Ward Organization, Election 2017|website=Official Website of PCMC}}</ref> Thus, the general body of the PCMC consists of 128 corporators. They are elected for a five-year term by [[Universal suffrage|adult franchise]] in municipal elections. All major [[Politics of Maharashtra#Political parties & alliances|political parties]] active in the [[Maharashtra|state]] contest the elections.

The corporators elect the Mayor, a ceremonial position with limited duties who acts as an ambassador and representative of the city, as well as a Deputy Mayor. The corporators approve the city budget and act as watchdogs on implementation of policy by the staff under the Municipal Commissioner.<ref name=":92"/>

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Pi11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Pi12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Pi13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==== Committees ====
The corporators form several committees which deliberate on various issues. At present, PCMC has the following subject committees: Law, Women and Child welfare, City improvement, Biodiversity and a committee for Sports, Art, Literature and Culture.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/governing-body.php|title=PCMC {{!}} Governing Body|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref> The Standing Committee is the perhaps the most important committee of the PCMC formed according to Section 20 of Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act, 1949.<ref name=":52">{{Cite web|url=https://pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/miscellaneous/%2802%29%20The%20Mah.%20Municipal%20Corporation%20Act%20%28H-4062%29.pdf|title=Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act, 1949|website=Official Website of the Pune Municipal Corporation}}</ref> It consists of 16 members headed by a President appointed at the first meeting of the newly elected Corporation, half of whom retire every succeeding year. A new president is also appointed every year. Besides the subject committees and the Standing Committee, there are eight ward committees representing each of the eight administrative zones (A to H) of the city.<ref name=":4" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+City Officials
!Title
!Incumbent
!Since
!Appointed/Elected
|-
|[[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] & Administrator
|Rajesh Patil<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/rajesh-patil-is-new-pcmc-commissioner-101613148867015.html|title=Rajesh Patil is new PCMC commissioner|date=12 February 2021|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>
|2021
| rowspan="2" |Appointed by the [[Government of Maharashtra|GoM]]
|-
|[[Police commissioner|Commissioner of Police]]
|Ankush Shinde<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/ankush-shinde-appointed-as-pimpri-chinchwad-police-commissioner-101650478120390-amp.html|title=Ankush Shinde appointed as Pimpri-Chinchwad police commissioner|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2022-04-20}}</ref>
|April 2022
|-
|[[Mayor]]
|Ravi Landge
|
| rowspan="4" |Elected
|-
|Deputy Mayor
|
|
|-
|Leader of the House
|Vacant
|
|-
|President of the Standing Committee
|Vacant
|
|}

==List of Mayor==
Dnyaneshwar Pandurang Landge was the First Mayor of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation in the Year 1986.
Later in 1990 he got elected as the MLA of Haveli Taluka and represented the area of Haveli Taluka including Pimpri Chinchwad City Effectively.

== List of Deputy Mayor ==
Hanumantrao Bhosale was the First Deputy Mayor of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation in the Year 1986.

== Municipal elections ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+Municipal Election Summary
! rowspan="2" |S.No.
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party name
! rowspan="2" |Party flag or symbol
! rowspan="2" |Coalition
! colspan="2" |Number of Corporators
!
|-
!2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zwCB5miomxaxgtosJnwGxnW36dIqlLvVHoz6-tiQZmM/pub?gid=0|title=Result sheet - Municipal Corporation 2012|website=docs.google.com|access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 July 2013 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529095752/http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>!! 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/pdf/election2017/Vivaran%206.pdf|title=Elections 2017 Party-wise Results|website=Official website PCMC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/pcmc-elections-2017-in-pimpri-big-guns-fall-silent-newcomers-make-winning-starts-4540831/|title=In Pimpri, big guns fall silent, newcomers make winning starts|date=9 March 2017|website=Indian Express|language=en|accessdate=9 March 2017}}</ref>
!2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-16 |title=Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Election Results 2026 Marathi News {{!}} पिंपरी चिंचवड महापालिका निवडणूक निकाल २०२६ मराठी बातम्या {{!}} PCMC Elections 2026 Latest News & Live Updates in Marathi {{!}} PCMC Election 2026 Winners List {{!}} Pimpri Chinchwad Mahanagar Palika Nikal 2026 {{!}} पीसीएमसी निवडणूक निकाल २०२६ {{!}} Lokmat.com |url=https://www.lokmat.com/municipal-election/pimpri-chinchwad-municipal-corporation-election/ |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=https://www.lokmat.com/ |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 1
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) ||
|[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
|03|| 77
|84
|-
|2
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|75px|center]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|14
|09
|06
|-
| 3
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" | || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px|center]]
|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]

|83|| 36
|37
|-
| 4
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" | || [[Indian National Congress]] (Congress) ||
|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|14|| 00
|0
|-
| 5
| style="background-color: {{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}" | || [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) || [[File:Flag of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.svg|75px|center]]
| -
|04|| 01
|0
|-
|6
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician#India|Independents]]
|[[File:No flag.svg|75px|center]]
| -
|10
|05
|01
|-
| colspan="5" |Total
|128
|128
|128
|-
|}

The 2017 municipal elections were held on 21 February. For the first time in the history of PCMC, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] emerged with an absolute majority with 77 seats. The newly elected general body elected Nitin Kalje ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) as the mayor and Shailaja More ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) in March 2017.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/a-first-in-30-years-pimpri-gets-a-bjp-mayor-shailaja-more-4569209/|title=A first in 30 years: Pimpri gets a BJP mayor|date=2017-03-15|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-04-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Kalje and More resigned on 24 July 2018 citing personal reasons. The resignations came as a part of BJP's 15-month mayorship policy to allow leadership positions to other corporators.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esakal.com/pune/mayor-and-deputy-mayor-pimpri-chinchwad-are-resigned-133117|title=पिंपरी-चिंचवडचे महापौर, उपमहापौरांचा राजीनामा|website=www.esakal.com|language=mr|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/pimpri-chinchwad-mayor-his-deputy-resign/articleshow/65125066.cms|title=Pimpri Chinchwad mayor, his deputy resign - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-25}}</ref> On 4 August 2018, Rahul Jadhav and Sachin Chinchwade of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] were respectively elected as the mayor and deputy mayor.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.loksatta.com/pune-news/bjps-rahul-jadhav-elected-the-mayor-of-pimpri-chinchwad-municipal-corporation-1725355/|title=भाजपाचे राहुल जाधव पिंपरीचे नवे महापौर|date=2018-08-04|work=Loksatta|access-date=2018-08-04|language=mr-IN}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Pimpri-Chinchwad]]
*[[Pune Metropolitan Region]]
*[[Pune District]]
*[[Maharashtra]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.pcmcindia.in/location.asp?MID=0&PID=0&MenuID=68&Title=Location PCMC official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926100604/http://pcmcindia.in/location.asp?MID=0&PID=0&MenuID=68&Title=Location |date=26 September 2010 }}
*[http://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/schemes.php pcmcindia.gov.in]

{{Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Pune}}

[[Category:Pimpri-Chinchwad]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Maharashtra]]

2011 Durand Cup

2026-03-11T03:26:44Z

Trevor51P0492: revised

{{Short description|124th season of the Durand Cup}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = Durand Cup
| image =
| size =
| caption =
| current =
| country = India
| num_teams = 12
| winners = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| count = 3
| second = [[Prayag United S.C.|Prayag United]]
| matches = 27
| goals =
| scoring_leader =
| prev_season = [[2010 Durand Cup|2010]]
| next_season = [[2012 Durand Cup|2012]]
}}

The '''2011 Durand Cup''' is the 124th edition of the [[Durand Cup]], the third oldest [[association football]] competition in the world.
Churchill Brothers won the 2011 Durand Cup at the Ambedkar Stadium with a 5–4 tie-break win over Prayag United. The 2010 Durand Cup Champions were [[Prayag United S.C.|Prayag United]].

==Background==
===Format===
The Durand Cup is scheduled from 24 September to 15 October 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.durandfootball.com/ |title = WELCOME TO DURAND FOOTBALL {{!}} Asias Oldest & Third Oldest in The World |access-date=2011-10-10 |archive-date=2011-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912221843/http://www.durandfootball.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tournament will be conducted in two stages. Stage 1 will be the Qualifying Knock Out Round and Stage 2 will be Quarter Final League round.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130125144303/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Durand-cup-kicks-off-from-today/Article1-749381.aspx Hindustan Times]</ref>

===I-League Clubs Leaving===
[[I-League]] clubs [[Mohun Bagan]], [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]], [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]] and [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] have decided to skip the tournament for various reasons like having to play in other tournaments, to prepare for the [[I-League]] or they just don't see worth in the cup.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

===Game Ball===
COSCO Platina FIFA approved football is the official ball of the tournament.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

===Award Money===
The cash award for the Winner, Runners up and the 3rd positions will be awarded with Rs. 20 Lakhs, 10 Lakhs and 5 Lakhs respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kolkatafootball.com/durand_cup_2011/final_round.html |title = 124 Durand Cup {{!}} kolkatafootball.com{{!}}Indian Football News |access-date=2011-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006154424/http://kolkatafootball.com/durand_cup_2011/final_round.html |archive-date=2011-10-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Fixtures==
===First round===
The Durand Cup officially started on 24 September 2011 with [[Delhi United FC]] beating [[MEG Bangalore]] 2–0. Then the second match of the day took place with [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]] demolishing [[State Bank of Hyderabad FC|State Bank of Hyderabad]] 5–1. The next day [[ARC Shillong]] beat [[SBI Kerala (football team)|State Bank of Travancore]] 2–1 while [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]] beat [[Shahadra FC]] 4–3 on penalties after drawing 0–0. Then on 26 September [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]] beat [[J&K Bank Football Club]] 4–3 on penalties after drawing 1–1. Then [[Bhawanipore Club|Bhawanipore FC]] beat [[Army Green football team|Army Green]] 3–1 on penalties after drawing 0–0. Then on 27 September [[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy FC]] defeated [[Punjab Police FC|FC Punjab Police]] 1–0 while [[Army Green football team|Army Jr FC]] lost to [[Central Reserve Police Force Sporting Club|CRPF]] 2–1. Then on 28 September [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]] defeated [[Bhawanipore Club|Bhawanipore FC]] on penalties 5–3 after drawing 1–1. Then [[Delhi United FC]] lost 4–2 to [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]]. Meanwhile, on 30 September BSF beat [[Tata Football Academy]] 2–0.

{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Delhi United FC]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[MEG Bangalore]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]]
|score = 5 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[State Bank of Hyderabad FC|State Bank of Hyderabad]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 25 September
|time =
|team1 = [[ARC Shillong]]
|score = 2 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[SBI Kerala (football team)|State Bank of Travancore]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 25 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Shahadra FC]]
|score = 0 - 0 [3-4 PEN]
|report =
|team2 = [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 26 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]]
|score = 1 - 1 [4-3 PEN]
|report =
|team2 = [[J&K Bank Football Club]]
|goals1 = [[Mandip Singh|Singh]]
|goals2 = [[Zubair Ahmed|Ahmed]]
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 26 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Army Green football team|Army Green]]
|score = 0 - 0 [1-3 PEN]
|report =
|team2 = [[Bhawanipore Club|Bhawanipore FC]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 27 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy FC]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Punjab Police FC|FC Punjab Police]]
|goals1 = [[Mukesh Kumar (footballer)|Kumar]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 27 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Army Green football team|Army Jr FC]]
|score = 1 - 2
|report =
|team2 = [[Central Reserve Police Force Sporting Club|CRPF FC]]
|goals1 = [[Jems Sanga|Sanga]]
|goals2 = [[Athoiba Meitei|Meitei]] [[Yenkhom Priyo|Priyo]]
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 28 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]]
|score = 1 - 1 [5-3 PEN]
|report =
|team2 = [[Bhawanipore Club|Bhawanipore FC]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 28 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Delhi United FC]]
|score = 2 - 4
|report =
|team2 = [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 30 September
|time =
|team1 = [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Tata Football Academy]]
|goals1 = Singh [[Avinash Thapa|Thapa]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 1 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Central Reserve Police Force Sporting Club|CRPF FC]]
|goals1 = [[MC. Paneru|Paneru]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = Delhi
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

==Group stage==
All matches were played in Delhi

===Group A===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left| '''[[Prayag United S.C.|Prayag United]]'''
|2||2||0||0||4||0||+4||'''6'''
|-
|align=left|[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|2||1||0||1||1||2||-1||'''3'''
|-
|align=left|[[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]]
|2||0||0||2||0||3||-3||'''0'''
|}

===Group B===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left|'''[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]'''
|2||2||0||0||5||2||+3||'''6'''
|-
|align=left|[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|2||1||0||1||4||3||+1||'''3'''
|-
|align=left|[[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]
|2||0||0||2||1||5||-4||'''0'''
|}

===Group C===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left|'''[[Pune F.C.|Pune]]'''
|2||1||1||0||3||2||+1||'''4'''
|-
|align=left|[[Air India FC|Air India]]
|2||1||0||1||4||2||+2||'''3'''
|-
|align=left|[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|2||0||1||1||1||4||-3||'''1'''
|}

===Group D===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="175"|Team!!width="20"|Pld!!width="20"|W!!width="20"|D!!width="20"|L!!width="20"|GF!!width="20"|GA!!width="20"|GD!!width="20"|Pts
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|align=left|'''[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]'''
|2||2||0||0||7||0||7||'''6'''
|-
|align=left|[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|2||1||0||1||1||2||-1||'''3'''
|-
|align=left|[[Army Red football team|Army Red]]
|2||0||0||2||0||6||-6||'''0'''
|}

== SemiFinals==
{{football box collapsible
|date = 12 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Prayag United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 13 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 4 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1 = [[Henry Antchouet|Antchouet]] [[Steven Dias|Dias]] [[Roberto Mendes Silva|Silva]] Balan
|goals2 = [[Johnny Menyongar|Menyongar]]
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

==Finals==
{{football box collapsible
|date = 15 October
|time =
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 0–0
|aet=yes
|penaltyscore=5–4
|report =
|team2 = [[Prayag United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Durand Cup}}
{{2011–12 in Indian football}}
{{2011 in Asian Football (AFC)}}

[[Category:Durand Cup seasons]]
[[Category:2011–12 in Indian football]]
[[Category:2011 in domestic association football cups]]

Vaanathaippola

2026-03-06T00:22:20Z

Trevor51P0492: content fix

{{for|the TV series|Vanathai Pola (TV series)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vaanathaippola.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Vikraman]]
| writer = Vikraman
| producer = {{ubl|[[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vijayakanth]]|[[Meena (actress)|Meena]]|[[Prabhu Deva]]|[[J. Livingston|Livingston]]}}
| cinematography = [[Arthur A. Wilson]]
| editing = V. Jaishankar
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| studio = [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|Oscar Films P. Ltd]]
| distributor = Aascar Film Pvt. Ltd
| released = {{Film date|2000|01|14|df=y}}{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=381}}
| runtime = 166 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaanathaippola''''' ({{translation|Like the sky}}) is a 2000 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Vikraman]]. The film stars [[Vijayakanth]] in the main dual lead role. The supporting cast includes [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[J. Livingston|Livingston]], [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]] and [[Anju Aravind]]. Produced by [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]] under Oscar Films, the film's music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]] and the cinematography handled by [[Arthur A. Wilson]]. The film tells the story of a caring brother who makes sacrifices to ensure his three younger brothers succeed in life.

The film opened to positive reviews and commercial success in January 2000, and went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]] the following year. ''Vaanathaippola'' subsequently became the most commercially successful film in Tamil, running for over 250 days in theatres. The success of the film led to two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], as well as several remakes in other Indian regional languages such as Telugu and Kannada. The film was remade in Telugu as ''[[Maa Annayya]]'' with [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] in the title role. The Kannada remake was titled ''[[Yajamana (2000 film)|Yajamana]]'' with [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] in the lead. Rajasekhar and Vishnuvardhan reprised Vijayakanth's role in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] remake.

== Plot ==
Vellaichaamy thinks the world of his three brothers to the point of even giving up marriage when he learns that the woman he loves plans to send them to a hostel after the wedding. The brothers live with their grandmother. Vellaichamy works hard to raise them, and they reciprocate his love and affection too. The eldest of the three, Muthu, is a cook in a small hotel. When Vellachamy learns that Muthu is in love with Gowri, he goes to the city to present his marriage proposal to his friend, only to be insulted. Circumstances bring Muthu to the city, where he works as a cook in Gowri's palatial bungalow. Gowri, initially rude towards him, changes her attitude when she learns Muthu had been her childhood playmate, whom she had been very close to. Noticing his humble nature, she falls in love with him. They get married.

Gowri fits right into her new home. Despite coming from a rich family, she helps out with household chores and has no airs about her, a fact appreciated by Vellaichaamy, his grandmother and his brothers. Shanmugam, Muthu's younger brother, who is training to be an inspector, marries Vellaichamy's friend's daughter Sumathi. Initially, she is rude and insulting to Vellaichaamy, but after being confronted by her husband about her behaviour, she breaks down, saying that people around her, including her own father, had believed her to be a harbinger of bad luck, and what her husband had construed to be rudeness was in reality just her attempt to stay out of her in-laws' way to keep them out of trouble. Vellaichaamy comforts her and helps her regain her confidence.

The third and youngest brother, Selvakumar, is a doctor. Selvam has a girlfriend, Nandini, a talkative and vivacious girl. Vellaichaamy approves of her, but she turns out to be the daughter of Vellaichaamy's enemy Dharmalingam, whose sister was Vellaichaamy's ex-lover the woman he had refused to marry. Dharmalingam refuses to get Nandini married to Selvam. However, upon extracting a promise from Vellaichaamy that he would leave the village after the marriage, he gives his consent. Nandini's cousin, who wanted to marry her for the wealth, kidnaps her, but Muthu manages to save her. In the end, the family is reunited by Vellaichaamy's return.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vijayakanth]] in a [[dual role]] as
**Vellaisaamy
**Muthu, Vellaisaamy first young brother
* [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Gowri, Muthu's wife
* [[Prabhu Deva]] as Selvakumar, Vellaisaamy third young brother
* [[J. Livingston]] as [[Inspector]] Shanmugam, Vellaisaamy second young brother
** Master Jayanath as young Shanmugam
* [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]] as Nandhini, Selvakumar's wife
* [[Senthil]] as Hotel Owner Manikkavel
* [[Ramesh Khanna]] as Pichai
* [[Anju Aravind]] as Sumathi, Shanmugam's wife
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Dharmalingam
* [[Vineetha]] as Radha
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Maragatham
* [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Sundaram
* [[Anandaraj]] as Rajadurai
* [[Anand (actor)|Anand]] as Anand
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Janaki
* [[Balu Anand]] as Ramasamy
* [[Singamuthu]] as Singaram
* [[Kovai Senthil]] as Beggar
* [[Kazan Khan]] as Subramani
* [[Visweswara Rao]]
}}

== Production ==
In 1999, Vikraman met Aascar Ravichandran who earlier worked as a distributor for two decades, he was in interested in film production and asked scripts like ''[[Poove Unakkaga (film)|Poove Unakkaga]]'' and ''[[Surya Vamsam (1997 film)|Surya Vamsam]]''. Vikraman narrated the script to Ravichandran and he then advised Vikraman to direct this script with Vijayakanth, and had to convince the director to stick with his decision.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=382}} Ravichandran opted not to attend the sets of the film at any stage of production. He launched a large promotional campaign for the film, prompting attention in the Tamil film industry.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Ayyappa |title=Vanathepol {{!}} Vijaykant in a double role |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/dec17/south.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503102203/http://www.screenindia.com/old/dec17/south.htm |archive-date=3 May 2008 |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref> [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] was approached for the film,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 1999 |title=Vikraman's New Film! |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/23-06-99/kamal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040626132035/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/23-06-99/kamal.htm |archive-date=26 June 2004 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> but his refusal prompted the team to sign on [[J. Livingston|Livingston]].<ref name=":0" />

Initially [[Shilpa Shetty (actress)|Shilpa Shetty]] was finalized for lead heroine role but due to her unavailability [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] was finalized as the lead heroine.

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack of the film was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]], while lyrics written by Ra. Ravishankar, [[Pa. Vijay]], [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]] and [[Na. Muthukumar]], was well received by the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandiyan |date=25 September 2020 |title=ரஜினிக்காக கடைசியாக பாட வந்த SPB.. அண்ணாத்த ரெக்கார்டிங்கில் எடுத்த போட்டோஸ் வைரல். |url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/sp-balasubrahmanyams-last-song-recording-photos-for-rajinis-annaatthe.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603065144/https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/sp-balasubrahmanyams-last-song-recording-photos-for-rajinis-annaatthe.html |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Behindwoods |language=ta}}</ref> G. Dhananjayan in his book ''Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013'' wrote that the film's success can "also attributed to its superhit songs".{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=382}} The song "Engal Veetil Ella Naalum" is based on "Dil Deewana" from the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Daag (1999 film)|Daag]]'' (1999), which itself borrows its [[charanam]] from "Pehli Pehli Baar Mohabbat Ki Hai" from ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' (1999).<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1713460227511624131 |user=Sylvianism |title=People are having problems when I talk about copied songs but sorry can't shy away from such atrocities. Engal Veetil (2000) is a photocopy of Dil Deewana (Daag, 1999). But Dil Deewana shares the charanam with Pehli Pehli (Siri Tum, 1999). |first=Sylvian |last=Patrick |author-link=Medium (website)}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Kadhal Vennila
| extra1 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Engal Veetil Ella Naalum
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], [[Arunmozhi]]
| lyrics2 = [[Na. Muthukumar]] & [[Pa. Vijay]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Kadhal Vennila
| extra3 = [[P. Jayachandran|Jayachandran]]
| lyrics3 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Nathiye Nayil Nathiye
| extra4 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| lyrics4 = Pa. Vijay
| length4 =
| title5 = Rojappu Maalaiyile
| extra5 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| lyrics5 = Pa. Vijay
| length5 =
| title6 = Thavaniye Ennai Mayakiriye
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Swarnalatha]]
| lyrics6 = [[Viveka]]
| length6 =
| title7 = Vaanil Vennila (female version to "Kadhal Vennila")
| extra7 = Sujatha Mohan
| lyrics7 = Pa. Vijay
| length7 =
| title8 = Mainave Mainave
| extra8 = [[Unni Menon]], K. S. Chithra
| lyrics8 = Ra. Ravishankar
| length8 =
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film opened in January 2000 to predominantly positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=VANATHAIPPOL |url=http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov1.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010707031958/http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov1.asp |archive-date=7 July 2001 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave the film a favourable review, remarking that "Vijaykanth excels in comedy and Ramesh Kanna has all the makings of a good comedian", "S. N. Lakshmi as the grandmother is hilarious and adds levity to the film as a whole" and that "Prabhu Deva and Kousalya form an energetic, sprightly pair." The critic also noted that "sentiment and sibling love fail to appeal after a point, when they reach implausible levels".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=21 January 2000 |title=Film Review:''Vaanathai Pola'' |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/01/21/stories/09210223.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709045037/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2000/01/21/stories/09210223.htm |archive-date=9 July 2013 |access-date=25 August 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Tamil magazine ''Ananda Vikatan'' in its review mentioned "The film highlights the theme of everyone living with unity without any troubles [..] The drawback in this [..] film is there is no villain to the hero character and hence after some time the film struggles to hold attention without any twists".{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=383}} ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote "This movie will appeal to those who love family dramas, especially about brotherly love".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=29 January 2000 |title=A brother's sacrifice |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UswyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZBQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4833%2C1578032 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622072129/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UswyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZBQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4833%2C1578032 |archive-date=22 June 2024 |access-date=22 June 2024 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=Reel stuff 4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> Ayyappa Prasad of ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' noted "Vikraman, who is known for his deft screenplay and story line, has once again created a family entertainer which pulls at your heart strings and brings out the best of Vijayakanth in a dual role."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Ayyappa |title=Vanathepol {{!}} Vijaykant at his best in dual role |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/feb04/south.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920035120/http://www.screenindia.com/old/feb04/south.htm |archive-date=20 September 2008 |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref>

''Vaanathaippola'' subsequently went on to become the most commercially successful Tamil film of the year, running for over 250 days in cinemas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=Ayyappa |title=Drop in releases |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010119/renews.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005153554/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010119/renews.htm |archive-date=5 October 2009 |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 2001 |title=Hits and misses of the year that was |url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/01/19/stories/09190224.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001180529/http://hindu.com/2001/01/19/stories/09190224.htm |archive-date=1 October 2013 |access-date=25 August 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film secured a hit for the team and prompted Vijayakanth to star in further films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=21 June 2000 |title=Vijaykanth goes for the triple option |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/jun/21spice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510030118/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/jun/21spice.htm |archive-date=10 May 2010 |access-date=25 August 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The film went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]] the following year. Furthermore, the success of the film led to two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], winning [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]] for Ravichandran and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for Vikraman.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=383}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2004 |title=Tamil Nadu announces film awards for three years |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10733.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024060415/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10733.html |archive-date=24 October 2004 |access-date=25 August 2012 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> In 2009, Vikraman and Vijayakanth came back together to make another family drama film titled ''[[Mariyadhai]]'', though failed to replicate the success of ''Vaanathaippola''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=1 May 2009 |title=The pattern continues — Mariyaadhai |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/05/01/stories/2009050150080300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504092940/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/05/01/stories/2009050150080300.htm |archive-date=4 May 2009 |access-date=25 August 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Remakes ==
The film was remade in Telugu as ''[[Maa Annayya]]'', and in Kannada as ''[[Yajamana (2000 film)|Yajamana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maa Annayya Review |url=http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/maa-annayya/telugu/maa-annayya-movie-reviews-1407-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915233319/http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/maa-annayya/telugu/maa-annayya-movie-reviews-1407-2.html |archive-date=15 September 2017 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=fullhyd.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yajamana |url=https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/yajamana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827215007/https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/yajamana/ |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=OnlineBangalore.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0810469}}

{{Vikraman}}
{{National Film Award Wholesome Entertainment}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2000 drama films]]
[[Category:2000 films]]
[[Category:2000 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films about siblings]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vikraman]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]

Vagbhata

2026-03-05T21:40:04Z

Trevor51P0492: expanded page and added references

{{short description|Ayurvedic physician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

'''Vāgbhaṭa''' (वाग्भट) was one of the most influential authors in the classical Ayurvedic tradition. Several works are associated with his name, principally the ''[[Ashtāṅgasaṅgraha|Aṣṭāṅgasaṅgraha]]'' (अष्टाङ्गसंग्रह) and the ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā'' (अष्टाङ्गहृदयसंहिता). Modern philological research, however, argues that these two texts are unlikely to be the work of a single author. The relationship between the two treatises, as well as their authorship, remains a subject of ongoing scholarly debate and has not been conclusively resolved.<ref name="Meulenbeld2002">{{cite book |last=Meulenbeld |first=Gerrit Jan |title=A History of Indian Medical Literature |volume=IA |publisher=Groningen Oriental Studies |year=2002 |pages=391–593, 645}}</ref>

Both texts make extensive reference to earlier Ayurvedic authorities, especially the ''[[Charaka Saṃhitā]]'' and the ''[[Suśruta Saṃhitā]]'', and they systematize the eight-fold (''aṣṭāṅga'') division of Ayurveda. In the concluding verses of the ''Aṣṭāṅgasaṅgraha'', the author identifies himself as the son of Siṃhagupta and a pupil of Avalokita. The works also contain religious and cultural references, including reverence for Brahmins, cattle, and [[Hindu deities]], and they describe Ayurveda as originating from divine sources such as Brahmā and Sarasvatī, reflecting the syncretic intellectual milieu of early classical Ayurveda.<ref name="Meulenbeld2002" />

A long-standing but erroneous claim that Vāgbhaṭa was ethnically Kashmiri arose from a misreading of remarks by the German Indologist Claus Vogel. Vogel’s comments, which refer to the later commentator Indu rather than Vāgbhaṭa himself, were incorrectly applied in secondary literature. Vogel’s observation concerned linguistic and botanical terminology used by Indu and does not constitute evidence for Vāgbhaṭa’s regional origin.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vogel |first=Claus |title=Indu and the transmission of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya |journal=Journal of the European Āyurvedic Tradition |year=1979}}</ref>

Vāgbhaṭa is traditionally regarded as a successor to Charaka and Suśruta, and together they are often described in Ayurvedic literature as forming a classical triad of authorities. Some scholars place Vāgbhaṭa broadly in the early medieval period, often around the sixth century CE, possibly in regions associated with the north-western Indian subcontinent, though precise biographical details remain uncertain. Apart from autobiographical remarks within the texts themselves, little is known with certainty about his personal life.<ref name="Meulenbeld2002" />

== Kerala traditions and Ashtavaidya lineages ==
In Kerala, Vāgbhaṭa occupies a particularly prominent position in the transmission of Ayurveda. The ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya'' is the principal classical text studied and practiced by traditional Kerala physicians known as Ashtavaidyas, hereditary families specializing in all eight branches of Ayurveda. Ethnographic and historical studies of Kerala’s medical traditions note that the authority of the ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya'' in the region contributed to the development of distinctive clinical and pedagogical lineages.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zimmermann |first=Francis |title=The jungle and the aroma of meats: An ecological theme in Hindu medicine |journal=Social Science & Medicine |year=1987}}</ref>

Among these lineages is the Pulamanthole Mooss family of Malappuram district, Kerala, which belongs to the Ashtavaidya tradition. Local family histories and regional oral traditions associated with Pulamanthole record a belief that Vāgbhaṭa spent his final years in the area and that a ''[[Samadhi|samādhi]]'' (memorial site) associated with him exists at or near Pulamanthole. These accounts are preserved in community narratives, regional folklore collections such as ''Aithihyamala'' by Kottarathil Sankunni, and in institutional memory maintained by Ashtavaidya families.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sankunni |first=Kottarathil |title=Aithihyamala |publisher=DC Books |year=1909}}</ref>

Modern historians and philologists, however, treat this association as a local tradition rather than a historically verified fact. No contemporaneous inscriptions, securely dated manuscripts, or independent archaeological evidence conclusively establish Vāgbhaṭa’s residence or death in Kerala. Scholarly discussions therefore distinguish between the well-documented textual legacy of Vāgbhaṭa and later regional traditions that reflect the cultural reception and localization of classical Ayurvedic authority.<ref name="Meulenbeld2002" />

==Classics of Ayurveda==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}
The ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā'' (Ah, "Heart of Medicine") is written in poetic language. The ''Aṣṭāṅgasaṅgraha'' (As, "Compendium of Medicine") is a longer and less concise work, containing many parallel passages and extensive passages in prose. The Ah is written in 7120 Sanskrit verses that present an account of Ayurvedic knowledge. Ashtanga in [[Sanskrit]] means ‘eight components’ and refers to the eight sections of Ayurveda: internal medicine, surgery, gynaecology and paediatrics, rejuvenation therapy, aphrodisiac therapy, toxicology, and psychiatry or spiritual healing, and ENT (ear, nose and throat). There are sections on longevity, personal hygiene, the causes of illness, the influence of season and time on the human organism, types and classifications of medicine, the significance of the sense of taste, pregnancy and possible complications during birth, Prakriti, individual constitutions and various aids for establishing a [[prognosis]]. There is also detailed information on Five-actions therapies (Skt. ''pañcakarma'') including therapeutically induced vomiting, the use of laxatives, enemas, complications that might occur during such therapies and the necessary medications. The ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā'' is perhaps Ayurveda’s greatest classic, and copies of the work in libraries across India and the world outnumber any other medical work. The ''Aṣṭāṅgasaṅgraha'', by contrast, is poorly represented in the manuscript record, with only a few, fragmentary manuscripts having survived to the twenty-first century, suggesting it was not widely read in pre-modern times. However, the As has come to new prominence since the twentieth century by its inclusion in the curriculum for ayurvedic college [[education in India]]. The Ah is the central work of authority for ayurvedic practitioners in [[Kerala]].

Who was Vāgbhaṭa — short biography (what scholars generally accept)

Core identity & works. Vāgbhaṭa (Sanskrit: वाग्भट) is one of the classical authorities of Ayurveda. Two major works are associated with his name: the Aṣṭāṅga Saṃgraha and the Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya (Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya-saṃhitā). These texts are central to classical Ayurvedic teaching.

Period. Traditional scholarship places Vāgbhaṭa between the early centuries CE and the early medieval period; many historians date him broadly to late antiquity (often around the 5th–7th century CE), but exact dating remains debated among scholars. The authorship and dating of the two works are themselves topics of academic discussion.

Intellectual lineage. The works show connections to earlier Ayurvedic schools (Charaka, Suśruta traditions) and were hugely influential in systematizing the Aṣṭāṅga (eight-branch) approach to practice.

Vāgbhaṭa and Kerala / Ashtavaidya tradition (why Pulamanthole claims a link)

Ashtavaidya background. “Ashtavaidyas” are the traditional Kerala families of Ayurvedic physicians (literally: masters of the eight branches). Several Kerala mana/illam (Brahmin households) preserved texts, ritual practices and local lore connecting classical Ayurvedic figures into Kerala genealogies. The Pulamanthole Mooss family is one of the famous Ashtavaidya lineages in Malappuram district.

Local tradition about Vāgbhaṭa. Pulamanthole Mooss family histories and local accounts state that a samādhi/holy spot for Vāgbhaṭa is at or near Pulamanthole, and celebrate him as having spent his last period there. Pulamanthole Mooss’s official pages and promotional materials mention “situated near the samādhi of Vāgbhaṭa” and present the connection as part of the family’s heritage.

The available evidence that “Vāgbhaṭa died / spent his last period at Pulamanthole Mana”

What exists is literary/local tradition and family/temple lore, not modern epigraphic or archaeological proof that would settle the historical question beyond doubt.

1. Pulamanthole Mooss family/site statements. The Pulamanthole Mooss website and related pages explicitly say the site is “situated near the Samādhi of Vāgbhaṭa” and present the local tradition that he spent his final days there. This is primary evidence of a community tradition tying Vāgbhaṭa to Pulamanthole.

2. Aithihyamala (Kottarathil Sankunni) and regional folklore. The collection Aithihyamala (Garland of Legends) — a major repository of Kerala lore compiled by Kottarathil Sankunni — includes stories and legendary material about many Ayurvedic figures; references in local sources (and Pulamanthole promotional material) point to Aithihyamala as recording the tradition that Vāgbhaṭa’s final days were at Pulamanthole. Aithihyamala is a folkloric source (legend-based) rather than modern historical-critical evidence.

3. Modern secondary mentions and ethnographic notes. Scholarly/ethnographic overviews of Kerala Ashtavaidya families and some papers on classical Ayurvedic transmission refer to a legend that Vāgbhaṭa spent his last years in Pulamanthole (for example, surveys of Ashtavaidhya families mention this as family tradition). These are useful for documenting that the belief exists and is long-standing, but they do not provide contemporary primary proof (like inscriptions or dated manuscripts linking Vāgbhaṭa physically to Pulamanthole).

Bottom line on proof: there is consistent local and textual tradition (Pulamanthole family sources, Aithihyamala/folklore, later secondary accounts) asserting that Vāgbhaṭa spent his final days at Pulamanthole Mana and that a samādhi is associated with the place. However mainstream academic sources about Vāgbhaṭa (textual criticism, philology) do not treat this as a firmly established historical fact with archaeological/epigraphic proof — it remains a respected and long-standing local tradition.

A longer-picture view (why such traditions arise and how to weigh them)

Many regions in India developed local claims to ancient sages and authors; this is part cultural memory, part legitimization of local medical/temple institutions. Kerala’s Ashtavaidyas especially built institutions around textual lineages and temples (Dhanvantari, Rudra-Dhanvantari temples at Pulamanthole), so a link to Vāgbhaṭa — author of a foundational Ayurvedic text — bolsters local standing.

From a historian’s point of view, three types of evidence matter most: (a) contemporaneous inscriptions/epigraphy; (b) securely datable manuscripts with provenance; (c) independent third-party textual references. For Pulamanthole’s Vāgbhaṭa claim we have longstanding oral/literary tradition and family records, but not the kind of epigraphic/manuscript proof that would convert the tradition into an uncontested historical fact.

==Legacy and local traditions==

Local traditions in Kerala associate the classical Ayurvedic author Vāgbhaṭa with the region’s Ashtavaidya medical families and with commemorative sites claimed to mark his presence or final resting place. These local narratives are part of a broader cultural memory that links Kerala’s historical Ayurvedic practice to the classical Ashtāṅga tradition (the eight branches of Ayurveda), but they remain distinct from the kinds of epigraphic or manuscript evidence relied upon in historical scholarship.<ref name="Menon 2010">{{cite journal |last=Menon |first=I |title=The Ashtavaidya physicians of Kerala: A tradition in transition |journal=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine|year=2010 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3117315/}}</ref>

The Pulamanthole Mooss family (often rendered Pulamanthole Mooss / Pulāmantol Mūs or similar) is one of the traditional Ashtavaidya lineages in Malappuram district that preserves local histories and ritual practices connected to Kerala’s classical medical heritage. Family histories and institutional materials assert a link between Vāgbhaṭa and Pulamanthole, stating that a samādhi (memorial/shrine) associated with Vāgbhaṭa is located near the Pulamanthole site and forms part of the family’s cultural landscape.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Story - Pulamanthole Mooss Ayurveda Hospital |url=https://www.pulamantholemoosshospital.com/story.html
|access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>

These claims appear in local and folkloric sources (including compiled collections of Kerala legends) and in modern community and institutional publications. For example, the Malayalam Aithihyamala collection (a nineteenth–twentieth century compendium of Kerala legends) preserves regional narratives that later became attached to various local medical and temple traditions; such works document legendary associations rather than provide contemporary historical proof.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aithihyamala (Kottarathil Sankunni) - Archive.org |url=https://archive.org/details/Aitihyamala_Malayalam_Parts_1_to_8
|access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>

Scholarly treatments of the Ashtavaidya tradition emphasize that family lore and oral history are important for understanding how Ayurvedic knowledge was transmitted regionally, but they also caution that oral or commemorative claims (for example, that a canonical author “died at” a specific locality) do not by themselves constitute secure historical evidence in the absence of datable inscriptions, manuscripts with provenance, or contemporary records.<ref>{{cite web |last=Menon |first=I |title=The Ashtavaidya physicians of Kerala: A tradition in transition |journal=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine|year=2010 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3117315/}}
</ref>

Because of this distinction, references to a Vāgbhaṭa samādhi at Pulamanthole are usually described in scholarship and public writing as local tradition or family/temple lore rather than established historical fact. Institutional sources (for example, the Pulamanthole Mooss hospital and associated temple pages) and recent media and community posts reflect and propagate these traditions, which have cultural and religious importance locally but do not by themselves resolve academic questions about Vāgbhaṭa’s biography or travel.[citation needed]<ref>{{cite web |title=Vaghbhata Samadhi |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/m0A6w48cY9o
|access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pulamanthole Mooss — social media mentions |url=https://www.instagram.com/pulamantholemooss/
|access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>

In short, while Pulamanthole’s local tradition connecting Vāgbhaṭa to a samādhi or memorial site is longstanding and significant for regional cultural history, the association should be presented as a documented local tradition supported by family histories, folkloric collections, and modern local reporting — and not as conclusive historical proof of Vāgbhaṭa’s place of death or residence. Historical and textual scholarship on Vāgbhaṭa continues to focus on the internal literary and manuscript evidence for his works (Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya, Aṣṭāṅgasaṃgraha) and on comparative philological dating rather than on definitive biographical details tied to specific modern localities.<ref name="Menon 2010"/>

Stronger academic & reliable sources to reinforce this section

Below are academic or high-quality sources (with short notes) that strengthen the neutral presentation and provide independent context for the Pulamanthole tradition. These are the best types of citations to include in any Wikipedia edit to avoid deletion:

Menon, I. (2010) — “The Ashtavaidya physicians of Kerala: A tradition in transition” (Journal article; PMC full text).
Link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3117315/

— A scholarly, peer-reviewed overview of the Ashtavaidya tradition; excellent for contextualizing Pulamanthole as one of the Ashtavaidya families and for scholarly caution about oral tradition vs. documented history.

M. Sukitha (2024) — “Contribution of Pulamantol Ashtavaidya family to Ayurveda” ([[University of Calicut]] thesis / institutional repository).
Link: https://scholar.uoc.ac.in/items/71b27ec9-2083-4641-af44-555db54100ad

— A modern academic thesis specifically documenting the Pulamanthole family as part of the Ashtavaidya lineage; useful for family history and local tradition (use carefully; theses are acceptable secondary sources).

Archive of Aithihyamala (Kottarathil Sankunni) — digitized collection (Archive.org).
Link: https://archive.org/details/Aitihyamala_Malayalam_Parts_1_to_8

— Primary folklore source documenting regional legends; suitable to cite for the existence of local legends linking classical figures to Kerala localities (label it as folklore).

IJCRT / conference or peer publications on Ashtavaidya families (e.g., “Ashtavaidyas: Adepts In Ashtangas Of Ayurvedic Tradition” IJCRT 2024).
Link: https://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2410483.pdf

— A recent overview useful for general statements about Ashtavaidya roles and survivals; check quality and use cautiously (IJCRT is not as strong as established journals but still useful as supporting source).

JAHM / ResearchGate pieces on Bharadvajiya/Ashtavaidya lineages (various authors).
Example: https://jahm.co.in/index.php/jahm/article/download/195/177/474

Quick annotated sources (the most relevant I used)

Pulamanthole Mooss — “Our Story” / official family/hospital site (states site is near Vāgbhaṭa samādhi and emphasizes the tradition).

Vāgbhaṭa — Wikipedia entry for summary of works, debates about dating and authorship. (Good for the mainstream scholarly overview of his works and contested dating.)

PlanetAyurveda / popular biographies — summaries of Vāgbhaṭa’s life and works (useful for accessible biographical points; secondary/popular).

Scholarly/ethnographic notes & conference/paper PDFs — surveys of Ashtavaidhya families and Kerala Ayurvedic traditions that explicitly note the legend that Vāgbhaṭa spent his final years at Pulamanthole. (Helpful to show the claim appears in academic/ethnographic literature as a tradition.)

Aithihyamala (Kottarathil Sankunni) — the classical Malayalam collection of legends which records many local stories, and is cited by Pulamanthole-related materials as a source of the Vāgbhaṭa legend. (Folklore source.)

== Legacy and local traditions ==

In addition to textual and scholarly study, Vāgbhaṭa is associated with a number of regional traditions in India, particularly in Kerala, where classical Ayurveda developed distinctive institutional lineages. These traditions form part of the cultural history of Ayurveda but are generally treated by historians as legendary or devotional accounts rather than established historical biography.

In Kerala, hereditary families of Ayurvedic physicians known as ''Ashtavaidyas'' (literally, “masters of the eight branches of Ayurveda”) preserved classical texts and clinical practices connected to the ''Aṣṭāṅga'' system described in Vāgbhaṭa’s works. Ethnographic and historical surveys of Kerala Ayurveda note that these families often traced their intellectual lineage to classical authors such as Vāgbhaṭa, Caraka, and Suśruta, though such links are understood as traditional affiliations rather than direct teacher–disciple relationships.<ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |title=Ashtavaidyas: Adepts in Ashtangas of Ayurvedic Tradition |journal=International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts |date=2024 |url=https://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2410483.pdf}}</ref>

One such Ashtavaidya lineage is the Pulamanthole Mooss family of present-day Malappuram district, Kerala. Local family histories and community narratives maintained by the Pulamanthole Mooss tradition state that Vāgbhaṭa spent his final years in the Pulamanthole region and that a memorial site (''samādhi'') associated with him exists there. This association is referenced in institutional histories and regional cultural accounts but is not supported by epigraphic, archaeological, or contemporaneous textual evidence accepted by mainstream historians.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Story |publisher=Pulamanthole Mooss Ayurveda Hospital |url=https://www.pulamantholemoosshospital.com/story.html |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>

References to Vāgbhaṭa’s presence in Kerala also appear in Malayalam folklore literature, including ''Aithihyamala'' by Kottarathil Sankunni, a late nineteenth-century compilation of regional legends. Such sources are widely used to document Kerala’s cultural memory but are considered literary and folkloric rather than historical records.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sankunni |first=Kottarathil |title=Aithihyamala |language=ml |publisher=State Institute of Languages, Kerala}}</ref>

Modern academic scholarship on Vāgbhaṭa focuses primarily on philological analysis of the ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya'' and ''Aṣṭāṅgasaṅgraha'', their relationship to earlier Ayurvedic traditions, and debates concerning authorship and chronology. While Kerala continues to regard Vāgbhaṭa as a foundational authority in Ayurvedic education and practice—particularly because the ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya'' remains a central teaching text—claims regarding his residence or death in specific locations such as Pulamanthole are generally treated as regional tradition rather than verifiable historical fact.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Vāgbhaṭa |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>

== Translations ==
The Ah has been translated into many languages, including Tibetan, Arabic, Persian and several modern Indian and European languages.<ref name="Meulenbeld">{{cite book |last=Meulenbeld |first=G. Jan |title=History of Indian Medical Literature |date=1999–2002 |publisher=Egbert Forsten |volume=IA |location=Groningen}}</ref>{{rp|656}} Selected passages of the Ah translated into English have been published in the Penguin Classics series.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wujastyk|first=Dominik|title=The Roots of Ayurveda|year=2003|publisher=Penguin|location=London etc.|isbn=0-14-044824-1}}</ref>

== Other attributed works ==

Numerous other medical works are attributed to Vāgbhaṭa, but it is almost certain that none of them are by the author of the Ah{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}.
* the ''Rasaratnasamuccaya'', an iatrochemical work, is credited to Vāgbhaṭa, though this must be a much later author with the same name{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}.
* an auto-commentary on the Ah, called ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayavaiḍūryakabhāṣya''
* two more commentaries, called Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayadīpikā and
* Hṛdayaṭippaṇa
* the Aṣṭāṅganighaṇṭu
* the Aṣṭāṅgasāra
* the Aṣṭāṅgāvatāra
* a Bhāvaprakāśa
* the Dvādaśārthanirūpaṇa
* A Kālajñāna
* the Padhārthacandrikā
* the Śāstradarpaṇa
* a Śataślokī
* a Vāgbhaṭa
* the Vāgbhaṭīya
* the Vāhaṭanighaṇṭu
* a Vamanakalpa
* A Vāhaṭa is credited with a Rasamūlikānighaṇṭu
* A Vāhaḍa with a Sannipātanidānacikitsā<ref name="Meulenbeld"/>{{rp|597}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Literature==
* [[Rajiv Dixit]], ''Swadeshi Chikitsa'' (Part 1, 2, 3).
* Luise Hilgenberg, Willibald Kirfel: ''Vāgbhaṭa’s Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā - ein altindisches Lehrbuch der Heilkunde''. Leiden 1941 (aus dem Sanskrit ins Deutsche übertragen mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen und Indices)
* Claus Vogel: ''Vāgbhaṭa's Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā: the First Five Chapters of its Tibetan Version Edited and Rendered into English along with the Original Sanskrit; Accompanied by Literary Introduction and a Running Commentary on the Tibetan Translating-technique'' (Wiesbaden: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft—Franz Steiner Gmbh, 1965).
* [[Gerrit Jan Meulenbeld|G. Jan Meulenbeld]]: ''A History of Indian Medical Literature'' (Groningen: E. Forsten, 1999–2002), IA parts 3, 4 and 5.
* Dominik Wujastyk: ''The Roots of [[Ayurveda]]''. Penguin Books, 2003, {{ISBN|0-14-044824-1}}
* Dominik Wujastyk: "Ravigupta and Vāgbhaṭa". ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 48 (1985): 74-78.

==External links==
*[https://archive.org/details/Ashtanga.Hridaya.of.Vagbhata Scanned text of the ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā'', from the sixth edition edited by Kunte and Navare (Bombay: Nirṇayasāgara, 1939) Contains 2 Commentaries]. At [[archive.org]]
*[https://skydrive.live.com/#cid=1242D38ACFC747AD&id=1242D38ACFC747AD%21107 Swadeshi chikitsa]
*[http://sarit.indology.info/newphilo/navigate.pl?indologica.20 Machine-readable edition of the ''Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā'']{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vagbhata}}
[[Category:Ancient Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Ayurvedacharyas]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian writers]]

Lankesh Patrike (film)

2026-03-03T21:43:49Z

Trevor51P0492: Started Pg...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Lankesh Patrike
| image = Lankesh Patrike (film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = VCD cover
| native_name = 
| director = [[Indrajit Lankesh]]
| writer = Indrajit Lankesh B. A. Madhu
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = [[K. Manju]]
| starring = [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] [[Vasundhara Das]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sundarnath Suvarna
| editing = B.S. Kemparaju
| music = Babji-Sandeep
| studio = Lakshmishree Combines Aishwarya Combines
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2003|4|30}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Lankesh Patrike''''' is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language [[Political thriller]] film directed by [[Indrajit Lankesh]] and starring [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] and [[Vasundhara Das]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/wings_lankeshpathrike.asp|title=Lankesh Pathrike - film of P.L. Indrajith releasing|website=www.viggy.com}}</ref> Darshan played a journalist in the film and [[Vasundhara Das]] made her Kannada acting debut with this film.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/prajwal-devaraj-prem-nenapirali-and-abishek-ambareesh-to-celebrate-darshans-23-years-in-sandalwood/articleshow/77445138.cms|title=Prajwal Devaraj, Prem Nenapirali and Abishek Ambareesh to celebrate Darshan's 23 years in Sandalwood|newspaper=The Times of India|date=9 August 2020|accessdate=12 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vasundharas-busy-with-a-new-project/articleshow/19967410.cms|title=Vasundhara's busy with a new project |website=The Times of India|date=10 May 2013 }}</ref> Despite releasing to positive critical reception, but the film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/actor-darshan-from-rs-200-per-day-to-rs-1-25-crore-per-film/articleshow/10000815.cms|title=Actor Darshan: From Rs 200 per day to Rs 1.25 crore per film | Bengaluru News |website=The Times of India|date=16 September 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/25yearsofdarshan-a-journey-from-being-a-light-man-to-box-office-sultan/articleshow/93587765.cms|title=#25yearsofDarshan: A journey from being a light man to box office Sultan |website=The Times of India|date=16 August 2022 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=February 2025}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Indra
*[[Vasundhara Das]] as Preeti
*[[Ananth Nag]] as Lankesh
*[[Rangayana Raghu]] as the [[chief minister|CM]]
*[[Devaraj]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Ramu
*[[Loknath]]
*[[Chitra Shenoy]]
*[[Arun Sagar]]
*[[Sanketh Kashi]]
*[[Rangayana Raghu]]
*[[H. G. Dattatreya|Dattatreya]]
*[[Anupama Gowda]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/anupama-gowda-i-look-up-to-deepika-padukone-and-alia-bhatt/articleshow/68703914.cms|title=Anupama Gowda: I look up to Deepika Padukone and Alia Bhatt|website=The Times of India|date=3 April 2019 }}</ref>
;Cameo appearance
*[[Aditi Govitrikar]] (in the song "Sweetu Rasagolla")
*[[Indrajit Lankesh]] as the CM's killer
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by Babji-Sandeep and lyrics written by [[K. Kalyan]], Sri Ranga and Dodda Rangegowda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6liUZo3cQq4g0apWxXa8My|title=Lankesh Patrike (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|work=Spotify|date=2003}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| total_length = 30:24
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nodkondu Baaro
| extra1 = [[Vasundhara Das]], Babji
| length1 = 5:12
| title2 = Endo Kanda Kanasu
| extra2 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| length2 = 5:48
| title3 = Sweetu Rasagolla
| extra3 = [[Kalpana Patowary]]
| length3 = 4:30
| title4 = Jumma Jumma
| extra4 = Babji, Lakshmi
| length4 = 1:39
| title5 = Bum Bum Bombattu
| extra5 = [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
| length5 = 2:57
| title6 = Yendu Naanu
| extra6 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Sowmya Raoh]]
| length6 = 5:45
| title7 = Kunjarada Gombe
| extra7 = [[Manjula Gururaj]], Hemanth
| length7 = 4:30
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''Viggy'' wrote that "Overall, Lankesh Patrike is a typical commercial film with fantasy coated realism".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_lankesh.asp|title=Lankesh Patrike film review - film by PL Indrajith|website=www.viggy.com}}</ref> ''India Info'' wrote "Indrajeet knows very well that just this storyline wont work. For this very reason, he has brought in glamour doll, Vasundara Das. Some masala scenes and of course some songs shot in posh locations. It has the elements but the very base of the film is hollow".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/lankeshpathrike.html|title=Indiainfo: Kannada: LANKESH PATRIKE - Review|access-date=21 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031002231656/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/lankeshpathrike.html|archive-date=2 October 2003}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor]] - B. Kemparaju<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-01-01/bangalore/27838036_1_awards-bags-jnanpith-winner|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025053521/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-01-01/bangalore/27838036_1_awards-bags-jnanpith-winner|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2012|title='Chigurida Kanasu' bags 4 awards|date=1 January 2005|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=25 October 2013}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14607764}}
{{Indrajit Lankesh}}

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Indrajit Lankesh]]
[[Category:2000s political thriller films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 thriller films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language thriller films]]

Tushar Amrish Goel

2026-03-03T00:11:25Z

Trevor51P0492: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[The Taj Story]]

Bishwanath Prasad Shahabadi

2026-03-02T06:26:54Z

Trevor51P0492: new

{{Short description|Indian film producer and businessperson}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bishwanath Prasad Shahabadi
| image =
| caption =
| alt =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1912|01|24}}
| birth_place = [[Arrah]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2000|07|13|1912|01|24}}
| occupation = [[Film producer]], [[Businessperson]]
| known_for = Producing the first black-and-white Bhojpuri film, ''[[Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo]]'', in 1962
| notable_works = ''[[Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo]]'', ''Solaho Singar Kare Dulhaniya'', ''Rootha Na Karo'', ''Ganga Dham'', ''Geet Ganga'', ''[[Sasural (1961 film)|Sasural]]'', ''Tulsi'', ''[[Ghar Jamai (1992 film)|Ghar Jamai]]''
| years_active = 1962–1992
| spouse = Swarnmani Devi
}}

'''Bishwanath Prasad Shahabadi''', (also spelled as '''Vishwanath Prasad Shahabadi'''), also known as '''B.P. Shahabadi''', was an Indian [[film producer]] and [[businessperson]] known for producing [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]]. He is known as the father of [[Bhojpuri cinema]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS) |title=Bihar General Knowledge 2024 |date=21 July 2023 |page=136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQqMEAAAQBAJ&dq=Vishwanath+Prasad+Shahabadi&pg=PA136 |publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]] |isbn=9789354884900}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-07-07 |title=Ganga ho! |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Ganga-ho/article16188137.ece |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is known for producing the first black-and-white [[Bhojpuri film]], ''[[Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo]]'', in 1962.<ref>{{cite news |title=भोजपुरी सिनेमा की गंगा कब तक रहेगी मैली? |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/how-long-will-the-ganga-of-bhojpuri-cinema-remain/articleshow/66785924.cms |publisher=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=28 November 2018 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Society and Culture |url=https://bhojpur.nic.in/society-and-culture/ |website=bhojpur.nic.in |publisher=National Informatics Centre}}</ref> His works include ''Solaho Singar Kare Dulhaniya'' (Bhojpuri) and Hindi films like ''[[Rootha Na Karo]]'', ''Ganga Dham'', ''Geet Ganga'', ''[[Sasural (1984 film)|Sasural]]'' and ''Tulsi'' and ''Ghar Jamai''. He died on 13 July 2000.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranjan |first1=Manish |title=Bihar Samanya Gyan |date=2021 |publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]] |isbn=9789386300850 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sq1aDwAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80&pg=PT141}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He was born on 24 January 1912, in Bandhuchhapra village in [[Arrah]], [[Bihar]]. Shahabadi owned [[mica]] and [[coal mines]], along with a liquor contract business. Shahabadi owned movie theaters in [[Dhanbad]] and [[Giridih]]. In 1938, he contributed to the freedom cause by purchasing six yards of [[khadi]] from [[Rajendra Prasad]] in a special auction for Rs 15,000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Avijit |title=CINEMA BHOJPURI |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAuTZ6_1XL4C&dq=Bishwanath+Prasad+Shahabadi&pg=PT16 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |date=2010|isbn=978-81-8475-256-4 }}</ref>

In the 1960s, the first [[President of India]], [[Rajendra Prasad]], asked Bishwanath to make a Bhojpuri film. He produced the film ''[[Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo]]'' in 1963, marking the first Bhojpuri language film, which was well received. The film was produced by Shahabadi under Nirmal Pictures and directed by Kundan Kumar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad wanted a Bhojpuri movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/did-you-know/dr-rajendra-prasad-wanted-a-bhojpuri-movie/articleshow/13955392.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sultan |first1=Parvez |title=A month ahead of MCD polls, Delhi to host the first ever Bhojpuri film festival |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/a-month-ahead-of-mcd-polls-delhi-to-host-the-first-ever-bhojpuri-film-festival/story-RgYzZTjjwnrYsr9mEzOP9J.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=25 January 2017}}</ref>

He wrote the story for the 1980 film ''Ganga Dham''. He worked on ''Geet Ganga Ke'', a flop at box office. In 1983, he produced ''[[Hamar Bhauji|Hamaar Bhauji]]'', a big hit. It was inspired by a famous South Indian film called "Bhabhi" (1957).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ghose |first1=Avijit |title=CINEMA BHOJPURI |date=22 May 2010 |publisher=[[Penguin Publisher]] |isbn=978-81-8475-256-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAuTZ6_1XL4C&pg=PT137}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year !! Film
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Ghar Jamai (1992 film)|Ghar Jamai]]''
|-
| 1989 || ''Ustaad''
|-
| 1985 || ''Tulsi''
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Sasural (1984 film)|Sasural]]''
|-
| 1982 || ''Geet Ganga''
|-
| 1979 || ''Ganga Dham''
|-
| 1970 || ''[[Rootha Na Karo]]''
|-
| 1965 || ''Solaho Singar Kare Dulhaniya''
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo]]''
|}

== Personal life ==
He was the youngest among the five children of father Uttamchand Shah. Bishwanath Prasad Shahabadi was married to Swarnmani Devi. He died at the age of 89 on 13 July 2000.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Patel |first1=Raviraj |title=Bhojpuri Filmon Ka Safanama: The Journey of Bhojpuri Cinema |date=2021 |publisher=[[Prabhat Prakashan]] |isbn=9789351862031 |pages=54, 55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GZtCwAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80&pg=PA54}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bhojpuri cinema]]
* [[Dadasaheb Phalke]]
* [[Jagannath Prasad Singh Kinkar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahabadi, Bishwanath Prasad}}
[[Category:Film producers from Bihar]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Film producers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Bhojpuri cinema]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Bihar]]

Alagirinathar Temple

2026-02-23T17:38:54Z

Trevor51P0492: starting basic location needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sundararaja Perunal Temple
| image = File:SRI ALAGIRINATHAR TEMPLE ( KOTTAI PERUMAAL TEMPLE ), SALEM - panoramio (4).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Entrance of Sundararaja Perumal Temple
| map_type = India Salem#India Tamil Nadu#India
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|11.65|N|78.15|E|type:landmark_region:IN TN|display=inline}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| location = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Sundararaja Perumal<ref>https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/book-detail?id=jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZpejZx3&tag=A%20Topographical%20list%20of%20Inscriptions%20in%20the%20Tamil%20Nadu%20and%20Kerala%20States#book1/</ref> ([[Vishnu]])
Sundaravalli ([[Lakshmi]])
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator = [[Cheras]], [[Cholas]], [[Pandyas]] and [[Pallavas]]
| website =
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}

'''Alagirinathar Temple''' (also known as '''Kottai Perumal Koil & Kottai Alagirinathar Koil''') is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the god [[Vishnu]], located on the banks of the [[Thirumanimutharu river]] at [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref name="maalaimalar.com">{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2022-12-28 |title=கோட்டை பெருமாள் கோவிலில் சிறப்பு தரிசனத்துக்கு ஆன்லைனில் முன்பதிவு {{!}} In Fort Perumal Temple Online booking for Special Darshan |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/district/in-fort-perumal-templeonline-booking-for-special-darshan-554269 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref> The temple is one of 108 [[Abhimana Kshethram]] of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavate]] tradition. The temple is also one of the [[Pancha Kshethram]] where in mythology Vishnu's consort [[Lakshmi]] was born as Bhargavi, the daughter of the sage [[Bhrigu]].

The temple follows [[Vaikhanasa|Vaikhanasa agama]] and the temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' rituals during festivals and on a daily basis. The priests belong to the [[Vadakalai]] sect of [[Vaishnavism]], a Brahmin sub-caste.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

==Legend==
As per Hindu legend, Alagirinathar (Azhagirinathar), a form of [[Hindu]] god [[Vishnu]], appeared for the sage [[Bhrigu]], who performed penance in the bank of Thirumanimuthar.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Azhagirinathar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=450|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325030057/http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=450|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2014|publisher=Dinamalar|accessdate=9 April 2017}}</ref>

The sage did not get the attention of Vishnu and in his anger, he kicked Vishnu on his chest. Vishnu's consort [[Lakshmi]], who also resides in Vishnu's chest, was agitated as her husband did not reprimand the sage for his action. She left their divine abode [[Vaikuntha]] and reached earth and took the form of [[Padmavathi]]. Vishnu followed her and married her.

Padmavathi was still angry with Vishnu. The sage Bhrigu apologized and requested Lakshmi to be born to him as Sundaravalli in his next birth. The sage was reborn as Bhrigu again and performed penance to attain Lakshmi as his daughter.<ref name="dinamalar" /> Vishnu was pleased by the penance and granted his wish. One day, he found a girl under a [[Tulasi]] plant in a garden in his [[ashram]] and influenced by her beauty named him Sundaravali (lit. "beautiful girl"). Vishnu descended to earth as Alagirinathar. He convinced Lakshmi to marry him and the couple eventually got married.<ref name="templesinindiainfo">{{cite web|title=Salem Alagirinathar Temple Timings, History|url=https://templesinindiainfo.com/salem-alagirinathar-temple-timings-history/|publisher=templesinindiainfo|accessdate=9 April 2017}}</ref>
<gallery>
Entrance of Mandapa.jpg|Entrance of the Mandapa dedicated to Vishnu
Thulasimadam.B.jpg|Thulasi madam where Sundaravalli is said to be taken by Bhrigu Maharishi
</gallery>

==History==
The Temple is constructed in various periods by various kings. It is said that all the three main kingdoms [[Chera]], [[Chola]] and [[Pandya]]'s had worshipped.<ref>https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/history.php?tid=4867</ref> The temple has received many donations from king [[Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I]], he donated pillars for the temple and assigned [[Purohita|Bhattars]] for the daily aradhanas to [[Vishnu|Perumal]].<ref>https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/book-detail?id=jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZpejZx3&tag=A%20Topographical%20list%20of%20Inscriptions%20in%20the%20Tamil%20Nadu%20and%20Kerala%20States</ref>

The temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>[http://www.tnhrce.org/hrce_act_1959.html Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959]</ref>

==Architecture==
The temple has beautiful sculptured pillars and there are many carvings of monkeys on the ceilings of the temple. It is one of the most oldest temples of the district and has 4 huge [[mandapa]]s (halls) - one for the god [[Krishna]] (an [[avatar]] of Vishnu) and other two for Alagirinathar (the chief god) and his consort goddess Sundaravalli. Apart from the shrines of Alagirinathar and Sundaravalli Thayar, there are separate shrines for Venugopla Krishna (a form of Krishna), Kothandarama ([[Rama]]), Santhana gopala (Krishna), [[Sudarshana Chakra|Chakrathazhwar]], [[Andal]], [[Alvars]] and ''[[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavate]] [[acharya]]s''. The temple has a huge Mirror mandapa just like [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]].<ref name="templesinindiainfo"/> There is a small garden where stories of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' are portrayed and also has paintings of the epics ''[[Ramayana]]'' and the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. The temple has the ''swarga vasal'' door which opens once a year during [[Vaikuntha Ekadashi]].<ref name="tamil.samayam.com">https://tamil.samayam.com/latest-news/salem/vaikunta-ekadasi-festival-celebrated-in-salem-kottai-alagirinathar-temple/articleshow/79952021.cms</ref>
<gallery>
File:Monkey on the roof.j.jpg|Sculpture of monkey on the temple
File:Perumal vimanam.S.jpg|Alagirinathar's Vimanam
File:Vimanamof.L.jpg|Sundaravalli Thayar's Vimanam
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu]]

Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor

2026-02-22T12:36:11Z

Trevor51P0492:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]] for Best Actor
| image =
| caption = The 2025 recipient: [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
| awarded_for = Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role
| presenter = [[Zee Marathi]]
| country = [[India]]
| year = [[Subodh Bhave]], ''Man Pakharu Pakharu'' (2007)
| holder = [[Bharat Jadhav]], ''[[Ata Thambaycha Naay!]]'' & [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]], ''[[Dashavatar (2025 film)|Dashavatar]]'' (2026)
| website =
}}

The '''Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor''' is chosen by the viewers of [[Zee Marathi]] as part of its [[Zee Cine Awards|annual award ceremony]] for [[Marathi cinema|Marathi films]], to recognise a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role.

==List of winners and nominees==

===2000s===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|- bgcolor="#bebebe"
! width="2%" | Year
! width="14%" | Photos of winners
! width="18%" | Actor
! width="18%" | Roles(s)
! width="48%" | Film
|-
! rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | '''2008'''
| rowspan="4" |{{Border|[[File:Subodh Bhave 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Subodh Bhave]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Nilay Raje'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''Man Pakharu Pakharu'''''
|-
|[[Ashok Shinde]]
|Shakun
|''Aevdhese Aabhal''
|-
|[[Bharat Jadhav]]
|Ghotale
|''[[Bakula Namdeo Ghotale]]''
|-
|[[Sachin Khedekar]]
|Shekhar
|''[[Kadachit]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2009'''
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Upendra Limaye 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Upendra Limaye]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Tayyappa'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Jogwa]]'''''
|-
| [[Makarand Anaspure]]
| Makarand Jadhav
| ''[[De Dhakka]]''
|-
| [[Girish Kulkarni]]
| Kisna
| ''[[The Damned Rain|Gabhricha Paus]]''
|-
| Avinash Narkar
| Avya
| ''Mahasatta''
|-
| Girish Pardeshi
| Jaywant
| ''Marmabandh''
|}

===2010s===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|- bgcolor="#bebebe"
! width="2%" | Year
! width="14%" | Photos of winners
! width="18%" | Actor
! width="18%" | Roles(s)
! width="48%" | Film
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''2010'''
| rowspan="3" |{{Border|[[File:Sachin Khedekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Sachin Khedekar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Dinkar Bhosale'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]]'''''
|-
|[[Atul Kulkarni]]
|Guna Kagalkar
|''[[Natarang]]''
|-
|[[Bharat Jadhav]]
|Mauli
|''[[Jhing Chik Jhing]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2011'''
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Subodh Bhave 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Subodh Bhave]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Lokesh'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Ranbhool]]'''''
|-
| [[Swapnil Joshi]]
| Gautam
| ''[[Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai]]''
|-
| [[Bharat Jadhav]]
| Madhukar Rane
| ''[[Shikshanachya Aaicha Gho]]''
|-
| [[Adinath Kothare]]
| Jagdish (Jaggu)
| ''Ved Laavi Jeeva''
|-
| Ranjit Agashe
| Inspector Chulbul Pandey
| ''Me, Mann Ani Dhruv''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2012'''
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Subodh Bhave 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Subodh Bhave]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Bal Gandharva]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]'''''
|-
| [[Girish Kulkarni]]
| Keshav Rambhol
| ''[[Deool]]''
|-
| [[Sachin Khedekar]]
| Shridhar
| ''[[Taryanche Bait]]''
|-
| [[Chinmay Mandlekar]]
| Parth
| ''[[Gajaar: Journey of the Soul]]''
|-
| Mangesh Desai
| Dasu
| ''Khel Mandla''
|-
! rowspan= "5" style="text-align:center" | '''2013'''
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Sachin Khedekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Sachin Khedekar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Hari Dada Damle'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Kaksparsh]]'''''
|-
| [[Jitendra Joshi]]
| [[Tukaram]]
| ''[[Tukaram (film)|Tukaram]]''
|-
| [[Girish Kulkarni]]
| Rewan
| ''[[Masala (2012 film)|Masala]]''
|-
| [[Vikram Gokhale]]
| Ratnakar
| ''[[Anumati (film)|Anumati]]''
|-
| [[Tushar Dalvi]]
| Madhav
| ''Shyamche Vadil''
|-
! rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | '''2014'''
| rowspan="4" |{{Border|[[File:Mohan Agashe.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Mohan Agashe]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Dr. Chakrapani Shastri'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Astu]]'''''
|-
| [[Nana Patekar]]
| [[Prakash Amte]]
| ''[[Dr. Prakash Baba Amte – The Real Hero]]''
|-
| [[Adinath Kothare]]
| Amod
| ''[[Avatarachi Goshta]]''
|-
| [[Swapnil Joshi]]
| Shreyas Talwalkar
| ''[[Duniyadari]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2015'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Riteish, Tejaswini bag awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/riteish-tejaswini-bag-awards/articleshow/46584546.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Riteish Deshmukh at the Promotion of 'Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum' 06.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Riteish Deshmukh]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Prince/Mauli'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Lai Bhaari]]'''''
|-
|[[Bharat Jadhav]]
|Chintamani
|''[[Chintamani (2014 film)|Chintamani]]''
|-
|[[Atul Kulkarni]]
|Niranjan
|''[[Happy Journey (2014 Marathi film)|Happy Journey]]''
|-
|[[Sachin Khedekar]]
|Jitya Bhau
|''[[Shutter (2014 film)|Shutter]]''
|-
|[[Ankush Chaudhari]]
|Bhurabhai
|''[[Por Bazaar]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2016'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrating Marathi Cinema's Global Reach at Zee Chitra Gaurav 2016 |url=https://www.zee.com/in-the-news/celebrating-marathi-cinemas-global-reach-at-zee-chitra-gaurav-2016/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.zee.com}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Nana patekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Nana Patekar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Ganpat Belwalkar'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Natsamrat]]'''''
|-
| [[Ankush Chaudhari]]
| Amit Naik
| ''[[Double Seat]]''
|-
| [[Swapnil Joshi]]
| Shivam Sarang
| ''[[Mitwaa]]''
|-
| [[Kishor Kadam]]
| Laxman
| ''[[Partu]]''
|-
| [[Sumeet Raghavan]]
| Vamanrao Ashtaputre
| ''[[Sandook]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''2017'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-20 |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2017 : ‘झी चित्र गौरव’ पुरस्कार विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी|trans-title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2017 : Complete List of 'Zee Chitra Gaurav' Award Winners|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/zee-chitra-gaurav-2017-winners-list-1436032/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |{{Border|[[File:Girish Kulkarni (cropped).jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Girish Kulkarni]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Balasaheb'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Jaundya Na Balasaheb]]'''''
|-
| [[Akash Thosar]]
| Prashant (Parshya) Kale
| ''[[Sairat]]''
|-
| [[Makarand Anaspure]]
| Jumman
| ''[[Rangaa Patangaa]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2018'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sontakke |first=Siddhi |date=2018-03-11 |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar 2018 Winners |url=https://starmarathi.in/zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-2018-winners/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=STAR Marathi |language=en-US |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816053617/https://starmarathi.in/zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-2018-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Sachin Khedekar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Sachin Khedekar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Bhaskar Pandit'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Baapjanma]]'''''
|-
| [[Lalit Prabhakar]]
| Satyaprakash (Satya)
| ''[[Chi Va Chi Sau Ka]]''
|-
| [[Amey Wagh]]
| Banesh Fene
| ''[[Faster Fene]]''
|-
| [[Subodh Bhave]]
| Shekhar Joshi
| ''[[Hrudayantar]]''
|-
| [[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]]
| Alok
| ''Bhetali Tu Punha''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''2019'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-03 |title=Zee Marathi Gaurav Awards: झी मराठी गौरव पुरस्कारात यांनी मारली बाजी... वाचा संपूर्ण यादी|trans-title=Zee Marathi Gaurav Awards: Zee Marathi Gaurav Award wins... read full list|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/zee-marathi-gaurav-awards-2019-winners/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Om Bhutkar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Rahul (Rahulya) Patil'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Mulshi Pattern]]'''''
|-
| [[Subodh Bhave]]
| [[Kashinath Ghanekar]]
| ''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]''
|-
|[[Nagraj Manjule]]
| Chaitya's father
| ''[[Naal (film)|Naal]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2020'''
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Lalit Prabhakar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Lalit Prabhakar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Gopalrao Joshi'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Anandi Gopal]]'''''
|-
|[[Amey Wagh]]
|Nachiket Pradhan
|''[[Girlfriend (2019 film)|Girlfriend]]''
|-
|[[Deepak Dobriyal]]
|Baba
|''Baba''
|-
|[[Bhalchandra Kadam|Bhau Kadam]]
|Baban
|''[[Nashibvaan]]''
|-
|[[Pranav Raorane]]
|Vasant Khatmode
|''[[Aatpadi Nights]]''
|}

===2020s===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|- bgcolor="#bebebe"
! width="2%" | Year
! width="14%" | Photos of winners
! width="18%" | Actor
! width="18%" | Roles(s)
! width="48%" | Film
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''2022'''
|{{Border|[[File:Subodh Bhave 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Subodh Bhave]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Sadashiv Gurav'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (film)|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali]]'''''
|-
|{{Border|[[File:Upendra Limaye 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''[[Upendra Limaye]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''Tayappa'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"| '''''[[Jogwa]]'''''
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center" |'''No Other Nominees '''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" | '''2023'''
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Prasad Oak during the 48th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2017), in Panaji, Goa.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Riteish Deshmukh|Prasad Oak]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | [[Anand Dighe|'''Anand Dighe''']]
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Ved (film)|Dharmaveer]]'''''
|-
| [[Prasad Oak|Riteish Deshmukh]]
| Satya Jadhav
| ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
|-
| [[Jitendra Joshi]]
| Nishikant Deshmukh
| ''[[Godavari (2022 film)|Godavari]]''
|-
| [[Sumeet Raghavan]]
| Kiran
| ''[[Ekda Kaay Zala]]''
|-
| [[Rahul Deshpande]]
| [[Vasantrao Deshpande]]
| ''[[Me Vasantrao]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''2024'''
| rowspan="3" |{{Border|[[File:ShashankShende.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Shashank Shende]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Tatya'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Baaplyok]]'''''
|-
| [[Swapnil Joshi]]
| Aniket
| ''[[Vaalvi]]''
|-
| Ashutosh Gaikwad
| Shubham
| ''[[Unaad]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-08 |title='झी चित्र गौरव' पुरस्कारांमध्ये 'या' सिनेमाने मारली बाजी! सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेता व अभिनेत्री ठरले...; वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-chitra-gaurav-2025-winners-list-best-movie-is-paani-and-mahesh-manjrekar-won-best-actor-award-read-full-list-sva-00-4938781/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Mahesh Manjrekar 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Govind Shridhar Pathak'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Juna Furniture]]'''''
|-
|[[Adinath Kothare]]
|Hanumant Kendre
|''[[Paani (film)|Paani]]''
|-
|Kshitish Date
|Rajvardhan (Raja)
|[[Navardev Bsc. Agri]]
|-
|[[Gashmeer Mahajani]]
|Venkatadhwari Narasimha Shastri
|''[[Phullwanti]]''
|-
|[[Shreyas Talpade]]
|Shreeniwas
|[[Hi Anokhi Gaath|''Hi Anokhi Gaath'']]
|-
! rowspan="5" |2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-18 |title=आता थांबायचं नाय! 'झी चित्र गौरव' पुरस्कारांमध्ये 'या' कलाकारांनी मारली बाजी, सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री ठरली...; विजेत्यांची नावं आली समोर |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-chitra-gaurav-2026-awards-winners-ata-thambaycha-naay-received-best-film-award-sva-00-5723574/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |{{Border|[[File:Bharat Jadhav.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}{{Border|[[File:Dilip Prabhavalkar.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=grey}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Bharat Jadhav]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Sakharam Manchekar'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Ata Thambaycha Naay!]]'''''
|-
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Babuli Mestri'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Dashavatar (2025 film)|Dashavatar]]'''''
|-
|[[Lalit Prabhakar]]
|Amar Randive
|''[[Aarpar]]''
|-
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|Keshav
|''[[Devmanus (film)|Devmanus]]''
|-
|[[Abhinay Berde]]
|Ninad Bhalerao
|''[[Uttar (film)|Uttar]]''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Awards established in 2008]]
[[Category:Film awards for lead actor]]
[[Category:Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]

Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1984–85

2026-02-18T21:01:24Z

Trevor51P0492: created new info

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2012}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket tour |
series_name = Indians in Pakistan in 1984-85 |
team1_image = Flag of India.svg |
team1_name = India |
team2_image = Flag of Pakistan.svg |
team2_name = Pakistan |
from_date = 14 October 1984|
to_date = 10 November 1984 |
team1_captain = [[Sunil Gavaskar]]|
team2_captain = [[Imran Khan]]|
no_of_tests = 3|
team1_tests_won = 0|
team2_tests_won = 0|
team1_tests_most_runs = [[Ravi Shastri]] (210) |
team2_tests_most_runs = [[Qasim Umar]] (256) |
team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Ravi Shastri]] (4) |
team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Azeem Hafeez]] (11) |
player_of_test_series = |
no_of_ODIs = |
team1_ODIs_won = |
team2_ODIs_won = |
team1_ODIs_most_runs = |
team2_ODIs_most_runs = |
team1_ODIs_most_wickets = |
team2_ODIs_most_wickets = |
player_of_ODI_series = |
}}
The [[India national cricket team]] toured the [[Pakistan]] during the 1984–85 cricket season. They played three [[Test cricket|Test]] matches against the [[Pakistan cricket team]]; the series was drawn 0–0. The Third Test was cancelled because of the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]] on 31 October 1984.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/792695.html | title=ESPNcricinfo XI: Tours that ended prematurely or never happened | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=27 October 2014 | access-date=16 December 2017 | author=Lynch, Steven}}</ref>

==Test matches==

===1st Test===
{{Test match
| date =17–22 October 1984
| team1 ={{cr-rt|Pakistan}}
| team2 ={{cr|India}}

| score-team1-inns1 =428/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (158 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Zaheer Abbas]] 168 (341)
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Ravi Shastri]] 3/90 (46 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =156 (72.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Sunil Gavaskar]] 48
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Azeem Hafeez]] 6/46 (23 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =371/6 ([[Follow-on|f/o]]) (156 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Mohinder Amarnath]] 101[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[Jalal-ud-Din (cricketer)|Jalaluddin]] 2/61 (24 overs)

| result =Match drawn
| venue =[[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| umpires =[[Khizer Hayat]] (Pak) and [[Shakoor Rana]] (Pak)
| report =[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62331.html Scorecard]
| toss =Pakistan won the toss and decided to bat.
| rain =
| motm=[[Azeem Hafeez]] (Pak)
| notes = [[Chetan Sharma]] (Ind) made his debut in Tests.
*''20 October was a [[Glossary of cricket terms#rest day|rest day]].''
}}

===2nd Test===
{{Test match
| date =24–29 October 1984
| team1 ={{cr-rt|India}}
| team2 ={{cr|Pakistan}}

| score-team1-inns1 =500 (163 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Ravi Shastri]] 139 (270)
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Abdul Qadir (cricketer)|Abdul Qadir]] 4/104 (38 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =674/6 (224.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Qasim Umar]] 210 (442)
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Anshuman Gaekwad]] 1/75 (27 overs)

| result =Match drawn
| venue =[[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]]
| umpires =[[Amanullah Khan (umpire)|Amanullah Khan]], [[Mahboob Shah]]
| report =[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63382.html Scorecard]
| toss =India won the toss and decided to bat.
| rain =
| motm=[[Qasim Umar]] (Pak)
| notes = [[Manzoor Elahi]] (Pak) made his debut in Tests.
*''27 October was a [[Glossary of cricket terms#rest day|rest day]].''
}}

===3rd Test===
{{Test match
| date =4–9 November 1984
| team1 ={{cr-rt|India}}
| team2 ={{cr|Pakistan}}
| result =Match cancelled
| venue =[[National Stadium, Karachi]]
| umpires =
| report =[https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/45/45332.html scorecard]
| toss =No Toss
| rain =Test was cancelled because of assassination of [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] on 31 October 1984.
| motm=
}}

==One Day Internationals (ODIs)==

Pakistan won the first match. The second match was abandoned following the [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassination]] of [[Indira Gandhi]] and the third cancelled when the tour was called off.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last= Woodcock |editor1-first= John |date= 1986 |title= Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, 1986 |chapter= The Indians in Pakistan, 1984-85 |url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153063.html |isbn= 9780947766054 }}</ref>

===1st ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 12 October 1984
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score1 = 199/7 (40 overs)
| runs1 = [[Zaheer Abbas]] 55 (56)
| wickets1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 3/36 (8 overs)

| score2 = 153 (37.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Surinder Khanna|SC Khanna]] 31 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Manzoor Elahi]] 2/18 (4 overs)

| result = Pakistan won by 46 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/45/45288.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Ayub National Stadium]], [[Quetta]]
| umpires = [[Javed Akhtar (cricketer)|Javed Akhtar]] and [[Khizer Hayat]]
| motm = [[Manzoor Elahi]] (PAK)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Geoff Cook|Manzoor Elahi]] (PAK) made his ODI debut.
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 31 October 1984
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}

| score1 = 210/3 (40 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dilip Vengsarkar|DB Vengsarkar]] 94[[not out|*]] (102)
| wickets1 = [[Mudassar Nazar]] 2/27 (8 overs)

| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =

| result = No result
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/45/45322.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Jinnah Stadium, Sialkot]]
| umpires = [[Mohammad Aslam (umpire)|Mian Mohammad Aslam]] and [[Shakoor Rana]]
| motm =
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Sajid Ali (Sindh cricketer)|Sajid Ali]] (PAK) made his ODI debut.
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 2 November 1984
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score1 =
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =

| score2 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =

| result = Match cancelled
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/45/45325.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Shahi Bagh Stadium]], [[Peshawar]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/2/India_in_Pakistan_1984-85.html Cricarchive]
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/62331.html Tour page ESPNcricinfo]
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/62331.html?view=records Record ESPNcricinfo]

{{International cricket tours of Pakistan}}
{{International cricket in 1984–85}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1984-85}}
[[Category:1984 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1984 in Pakistani cricket]]
[[Category:Indian cricket tours of Pakistan|1984-85]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1980–81 to 1985]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000]]

Honeymoon Se Hatya

2026-02-18T19:25:41Z

Trevor51P0492: created new pg

{{Short description|2026 Indian true crime documentary series}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Honeymoon Se Hatya.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[True crime]] [[Documentary]]
| creator = Mrunalini Havaldar
| writer = Satyen Bordoloi
| director = Ajitesh Sharma
| starring = {{ubl|Anurekha Bhagat|Sushmita}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| producer = {{ubl|Aditya Pittie|Samar Khan}}
| runtime = 45 minutes
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Start date|2026|1|9}}
}}

'''''Honeymoon Se Hatya''''' ({{Translation|hi|Murder from the Honeymoon}}) is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language [[true crime]] documentary series directed by Ajitesh Sharma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=Shaily |date=2026-01-06 |title='Honeymoon se Hatya' series to show 'blue drum murder' story: 'Curry & Cyanide' to 'Dancing on the Grave', 8 Indian web shows based on real-life crime stories |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/entertainment/news/honeymoon-se-hatya-web-series-on-the-blue-drum-murder-136869451.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Bhaskar English |language=en}}</ref> Produced by Aditya Pittie and Samar Khan, the series premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 9 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honeymoon Se Hatya Teaser OUT: True crime docu-series explores shocking marital secrets, lies, and fatal decisions |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/honeymoon-se-hatya-teaser-out-true-crime-docu-series-explores-shocking-marital-secrets-lies-and-fatal-decisions/3285a67070767 |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> The docuseries explores high-profile criminal cases in India where wives were accused of murdering their husbands, examining the psychological, social, and emotional factors behind the crimes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nagar |first=Abhishek |date=6 January 2026 |title=सोनम के प्यार में राजा की मौत, 5 शादियों की रोंगटे खड़े करने वाली सच्चाई, 'हनीमून से हत्या' के टीजर ने दहलाया |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/web-series-honeymoon-se-hatya-teaser-released-docu-series-revealing-truth-and-analyzing-crime-committed-by-5-married-women-ws-l-10038414.html |website=hindi.news18.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-06 |title=భార్యలు ఎందుకు భర్తలను చంపుతారు.. ఓటీటీలోకి సూపర్ క్రైమ్ థ్రిల్లర్ డాక్యుసిరీస్.. ఇక్కడ చూడండి |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/telugu/entertainment/crime-thriller-docuseries-honeymoon-se-hatya-to-stream-on-zee5-ott-teaser-released-261767697737860.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=te}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The series is a six-part docudrama that investigates the motivations behind domestic homicides. Rather than focusing solely on the forensic details, it delves into the "silent battles" within marriages, including themes of control, suppression, and emotional trauma. Each episode utilizes factual narration, archival footage, and dramatic recreations, alongside interviews with investigators and journalists.

== Featured cases ==
The series covers five major real-life cases that captured national media attention in India:
* '''The Meerut Blue Drum Case:''' Based on the murder of Saurabh Rajput, whose body was found dismembered and hidden in a cement-filled blue drum in [[Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=हनीमून से हत्या: मेरठ की बेरहम बीवी मुस्कान, पति की हत्‍या और नीला ड्रम! OTT पर आ रही नई वेब सीरीज |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/web-series/latest/honeymoon-se-hatya-web-series-on-ott-based-on-meerut-neela-drum-muskan-case/articleshow/126317398.cms |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>
* '''[[Murder of Raja Raghuvanshi|The Meghalaya Honeymoon Murder]]:''' Follows the disappearance and murder of Raja Raghuvanshi during his honeymoon.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=क्राइम डॉक्यूमेंट्री सीरीज 'हनीमून से हत्या' की रिलीज डेट हुई तय, रियल-लाइफ मामलों पर है आधारित |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/crime-docu-series-honeymoon-se-hatya-why-women-kill-on-india-s-most-disturbing-discussed-cases-on-9-january-2026-01-06 |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>
* '''The Mumbai Tile Case:''' Investigates a case in [[Nalasopara]] where a body was concealed behind wall tiles.<ref name=":0" />
* '''The Delhi Electric Shock Case:''' Explores a murder involving simulated accidental electrocution.<ref name=":0" />
* '''The Bhiwani Influencer Case:''' Focuses on the murder of a social media influencer in [[Haryana]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="CExpress">{{cite news |last1=Features |first1=CE |title=ZEE5 announces new true crime docu-series Honeymoon Se Hatya |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2026/Jan/06/zee5-announces-new-true-crime-docu-series-honeymoon-se-hatya |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=6 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="Media4U">{{cite web |title=ZEE5 expands true crime slate with Honeymoon Se Hatya |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/hindi-zee5-expands-true-crime-slate-with-honeymoon-se-hatya/ |website=MediaNews4U |date=6 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="Bhaskar">{{cite news |title=Blue drum murder case now becomes web series: ZEE5's Honeymoon to Murder of Saurabh Rajput |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/uttar-pradesh/news/blue-drum-murder-case-now-becomes-web-series-zee5s-honeymoon-to-murder-of-saurabh-rajput-136856006.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=6 January 2026}}</ref>
== Production ==
The series was announced in January 2026 as part of [[ZEE5]]'s expansion into the true crime genre. It was written by Satyen Bordoloi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEE5 launches Hindi true crime series ‘Honeymoon Se Hatya’ on 9 January |url=https://mediabrief.com/zee5-launches-hindi-true-crime-series-honeymoon-se-hatya-on-9-january/ |website=mediabrief}}</ref>

== Release ==
A teaser for the series was released on 6 January 2026. The series began streaming globally on [[ZEE5]] on 9 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue drum filled with cement, body parts...: Why did Sonam kill Raja Raghuvanshi? What is this murder mystery? All the secrets will be revealed in 'Honeymoon Se Khita' |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/teaser-released-for-docu-series-honeymoon-se-hatya-136875795.html |website=divyabhaskar}}</ref>

==Reception==
The series received mixed reviews from critics. ''[[HT Media|OTTplay]]'' rated it 3/5 and wrote that the series' raw, fact-led treatment and the inclusion of interviews with families and police officers add emotional weight, though its promised psychological analysis remains underdeveloped.<ref name="OTTplayReview">{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Arpita |title=Honeymoon Se Hatya Review: Unfiltered true crime storytelling shines through raw visual treatment |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/honeymoon-se-hatya-review-unfiltered-true-crime-storytelling-shines-through-raw-visual-treatment/78b29d7669586 |website=OTTplay |date=9 January 2026 |access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Archika Khurana rated the first season 3/5, describing it as authentic and well-researched with visual realism, but said the execution is uneven and falls short of a truly penetrating psychological study.<ref name="TOIReview">{{cite web |last=Khurana |first=Archika |title=Honeymoon Se Hatya Season 1 Review: A chilling watch that repeats familiar truths |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/honeymoon-se-hatya/season-1/seasonreview/126390629.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 January 2026 |access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref>

In ''[[Aaj Tak]]'', Shikhar Negi rated the series 2/5, noting that it largely revisits cases that were extensively covered in the news and offers few new revelations, while also arguing that its attempt to explain motives through psychological framing feels incomplete.<ref name="AajTakReview">{{cite web |last=Negi |first=Shikhar |title=हनीमून से हत्या रिव्यू: नीले ड्रम का नहीं खुला राज-राजा हत्याकांड का दिखा रिपीट शो, निराश करती है सीरीज |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/film-review/story/honeymoon-se-hatya-why-women-kill-web-series-review-hindi-tmovg-dskc-2434408-2026-01-09 |website=Aaj Tak |date=9 January 2026 |access-date=9 January 2026 |language=hi}}</ref>

''TheJBT'' similarly wrote that while the subject matter and choice of cases are compelling, the series is less effective at offering fresh insights and does not fully answer its central question about why the crimes occurred.<ref name="JBTReview">{{cite web |title=हनीमून से हत्या रिव्यू: सच्चे अपराधों की परतें खोलती है सीरीज, लेकिन नया खुलासा करने में चूक जाती है |url=https://www.thejbt.com/entertainment/honeymoon-to-murder-review-series-uncovers-layers-of-true-crime-but-fails-to-reveal-anything-new-news-302945 |website=TheJBT |date=9 January 2026 |access-date=9 January 2026 |language=hi}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Indian Predator]]
* [[House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=39227709}}
*[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/honeymoon-se-hatya/0-6-4z5860309 Honeymoon Se Hatya] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2026 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]

Rahul Bose

2026-02-10T23:43:03Z

Trevor51P0492: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Indian film actor and politician (born 27 July 1967)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rahul Bose
| image = File:Rahul Bose Tahaan.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Bose in 2008
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|07|27}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Director|Screenwriter|Social activist|President ([[Rugby India]])}}
| yearsactive = 1989–present
| relatives = [[S. P. P. Thorat]] (grandfather)
}}

'''Rahul Bose''' (born 27 July 1967) is an Indian actor and athlete who works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]]. Bose is the president of [[Rugby India]].

He has appeared in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] films such as ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Iyer]]'', ''[[Kalpurush]]'', ''[[Anuranan]]'', ''[[Antaheen]]'', ''[[Laptop (2012 film)|Laptop]]'' and ''[[The Japanese Wife]]''. He has also appeared in Hindi films such as ''[[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]'', ''[[Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam]]'', ''[[Jhankaar Beats]]'', ''[[Kucch Luv Jaisaa]]'', ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]'', ''[[Chameli (film)|Chameli]]'' and ''[[Shaurya]]''. He also played the [[antagonist]] in the Tamil thriller ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'' (2013) and [[Vishwaroopam II|its sequel]].<ref name="Vats">{{cite news|last=Vats|first=Rohit|title=Why Rahul Bose is perfect for 'Vishwaroopam'|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/why-rahul-bose-is-perfect-for-vishwaroopam/179613-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010232246/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/why-rahul-bose-is-perfect-for-vishwaroopam/179613-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 October 2011|publisher=IBNLive|date=29 August 2011}}</ref>

In the early 2000s, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named him "the superstar of [[Cinema of India#Art cinema in India|Indian arthouse cinema]]" while ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'' named him "the [[Sean Penn]] of [[Oriental cinema]]"<ref name="wyps">{{cite web|last = World Youth Peace Summit| title = Rahul Bose: Actor/Producer/Humanitarian| year = 2003| url = http://www.wyps.org/profile3.php| access-date =5 August 2008}}</ref> for his work in [[parallel cinema]] films like ''[[English, August (film)|English, August]]'' and ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Iyer]]''.

He is also notable for his social activism: he participated in the relief efforts that followed the 2004 [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Boxing Day tsunami]] and is also the founder of the anti-[[discrimination]] [[NGO]], The Foundation.<ref>{{cite web| last = Ayaz| first = Shaikh| title = Rapid fire with Rahul Bose|date = 23 November 2006| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1065705|work=Daily News and Analysis| access-date =5 August 2005}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==

Rahul Bose was born to father Rupen and mother Kumud Bose on 27 July 1967.<ref name="Times" /> His father is [[Bengalis|Bengali]] while his mother is part [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] and part [[Marathi people|Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Neha |date=24 July 2019 |title=Rahul Bose shares life anecdotes |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/rahul-bose-shares-life-anecdotes-806959/ |website=[[Tribune India]] |quote=Bose shared that he is also part Punjabi. “My mother is a half Marathi and half Punjabi, so I grew up with a mix of Bengali, Punjabi and Marathi culture."}}</ref> His maternal grandfather was [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant-General]] [[S. P. P. Thorat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rahul |date=16 January 2025 |title=Why India needed to celebrate 75 yrs of end of WW-II |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/why-india-needed-to-celebrate-75-yrs-of-end-of-ww-ii-85879/ |website=Tribune India |quote=Shankarrao Pandurang Patil Thorat (incidentally, the maternal grandfather of actor Rahul Bose)}}</ref>

Bose's first acting role was at the age of six when he played the lead character in a school play, ''Tom, the Piper's Son''. As a child he took an interest in sports after his mother introduced him to [[boxing]] and [[rugby union]].<ref name="split">{{cite news |url= http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24240332_ITM |title= Rahul Bose: Split wide open |access-date=16 December 2008 |date= 31 August 2003 |work= [[The Times of India]] |publisher= Asia Africa Intelligence Wire}}</ref> He also played cricket and was coached by former India cricket captain [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/meet-the-bat-man/articleshow/2128118.cms|title=Meet the batman|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 December 2023|date=17 June 2007}}</ref>

He is an alumnus of the [[Cathedral and John Connon School]] in [[Mumbai]]. After being rejected by a number of American universities, Bose attended [[Sydenham College]]. While at the college he played on the school's rugby team and competed in the Western India Championships, winning a silver medal in boxing. After his mother's death in 1987, Bose began working as a copywriter at [[Rediffusion]] and was later promoted to advertising creative director. Bose left the job to become a full-time actor after the release of his first film, ''[[English, August (film)|English, August]]''.<ref name=split/>

== Stage and film career ==

===Early career: 1993–2003===

Bose started his acting career on the [[Mumbai]] stage in Rahul D'Cunha's ''Topsy Turvey'' and ''Are There Tigers in the Congo?''. D'Cunha's aunt was the casting director for director [[Dev Benegal]]'s film ''English, August'' and suggested that Bose should play the lead role. After filming a screen test, Benegal decided to cast him as civil servant [[English, August|Agastya Sen]].<ref name="Times">{{cite news |title= Hard work is never enough |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/hard-work-is-never-enough/articleshow/180010.cms |date= 13 September 2003 |work= The Times of India |access-date=11 September 2009}}</ref> Based on [[English, August|the novel of the same name]] by [[Upamanyu Chatterjee]], ''English, August'' was one of the first [[Hinglish]] films and gained Bose international recognition when it became the first Indian film to be purchased by [[20th Century Fox]] and won several awards at international film festivals.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200282 |title= On with the Offbeat |last1= Chatterjee |first1= Saibal |date= 29 November 1995 |magazine= Outlook|location=New Delhi |access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref>

After ''English, August'' Bose found work in television; he was offered a role in India's first English-language television serial, ''[[A Mouthful of Sky]]'' and also co-hosted [[BBC World]]'s ''Style!'' with [[Laila Rouass]]. In 1998 he appeared in [[Kaizad Gustad]]'s ''Bombay Boys'' with [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and starred in Dev Benegal's second film, ''Split Wide Open''. To prepare for his role as a roving water vendor, Bose lived in Mumbai's slums and observed a drug dealer for two weeks.<ref name=split /> He later cited this time—along with the [[2002 Gujarat violence|2002 Gujarat riots]]—as the beginning of the awakening of his social conscience.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ibnlive.in.com/news/being-rahul-bose-nothing-runofthemill-please/50884-8-p1.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110922154648/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/being-rahul-bose-nothing-runofthemill-please/50884-8-p1.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 22 September 2011 |title= Being Rahul Bose: Nothing run-of-the-mill, please |author=Anuradha Sengupta |date= 21 October 2007 |work= IBN |access-date=31 December 2009}}</ref> Although ''Split Wide Open'' was controversial in India because of its depictions of sexual abuse,<ref>{{cite web |last= Peer |first= Basharat |title= Not for me a process that is illegal! |url= http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/mar/31dhriti.htm |date= 31 March 2001 |work= Rediff.com |access-date=11 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Beyond Bollywood: the cultural politics of South Asian diasporic film |last= Desai |first= Jigna |year= 2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 978-0-415-96684-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/beyondbollywoodc0000desa/page/197 197]–8 |url= https://archive.org/details/beyondbollywoodc0000desa|url-access= registration |access-date=10 September 2009 |chapter= Sex in the Global City: The Sexual and Gender Politics of the New Urban, Transnational and Cosmopolitan Cinema in English}}</ref> Bose received the Silver Screen Award for Best Asian Actor at the 2000 [[Singapore International Film Festival]] for his performance.<ref name=split/> He also performed abroad in the [[Haymarket Theatre (Leicester)|Leicester Haymarket]] in [[England]] where he starred in the English version of Tim Murari's play, ''The Square Circle''.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/culture/1999/nov/10/artsfeatures5 |title= Bollywood it ain't |author= Chris Arnot |date= 10 November 2009 |work= The Guardian |access-date=7 December 2009 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20000216/ien16054.html |title= Going Solo |date= 16 February 2000 |work= The Indian Express |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref>

In 1997, Bose was cast to play the role of Saleem Sinai in the [[BBC]] adaptation of [[Salman Rushdie]]'s novel ''[[Midnight's Children]]''. The project was eventually canceled after the Indian and Sri Lankan governments refused to allow filming.<ref>{{cite book |title= Step across this line: collected nonfiction 1992–2002 |url= https://archive.org/details/stepacrossthisli00rush |url-access= registration |last= Rushdie |first= Salman |author-link= Salman Rushdie |year= 2002 |publisher= Random House |isbn= 978-0-679-46334-4 |page= [https://archive.org/details/stepacrossthisli00rush/page/77 77]}}</ref>
After seeing Bose in ''English, August'', director [[Govind Nihalani]] cast him in the villain role opposite [[Ajay Devgan]] in the mainstream film ''[[Thakshak]]''. The film was not a financial success, although Bose received positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.expressindia.com/news/fe/daily/19991209/fle05079.html |title= Dark horse |author= Bella Jaisinghani |date= 9 December 1999 |work= The Indian Express |access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref>

Bose also appeared as "Vikal" a villain in the 1998 [[Science fiction]] TV series [[Captain Vyom]]

In 2001, Bose made his directorial debut with ''[[Everybody Says I'm Fine!]]''. Starring Rehaan Engineer and [[Koel Purie]] and featuring Bose in a supporting role, ''Everybody'' received mixed reviews from critics, but won Bose the runner-up John Schlesinger Award for best directorial debut at the 2003 [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lucknow-times/a-fine-win-at-palm-springs/articleshow/35060635.cms|title=A fine win at Palm Springs|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 December 2023|date=22 January 2003}}</ref> In 2002, Bose starred opposite [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] in [[Aparna Sen]]'s [[art film]] ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Iyer]]''. The film, a critique of [[communal violence]], was a critical success and won several awards at international film festivals as well as three [[National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.screendaily.com/indias-madhu-takes-international-rights-on-mr-and-mrs-iyer/4010460.article|title= India's Madhu takes international rights on Mr And Mrs Iyer |author= Patrick Frater |date= 11 September 2002 |work= Screen Daily |access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rediff.com/www/movies/2003/jul/26award.htm |title= Devgan, Konkona bag National Film Awards |date= 26 July 2003 |work= Rediff.com|access-date=2 December 2009}}</ref>

===Mainstream work: 2003–present===
In 2003, Bose entered mainstream [[Bollywood]] cinema with ''[[Jhankaar Beats]]'' in which he played one of two friends, [[R.D. Burman]] fans who are obsessed with winning a music competition. Boosted by a successful soundtrack, ''Jhankaar Beats'' was a surprise hit in urban multiplexes<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051210/asp/weekend/story_5563284.asp |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120912164204/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051210/asp/weekend/story_5563284.asp |url-status= dead |archive-date= 12 September 2012 |title= The new melody moguls |author= Sushmita Biswas |date= 10 December 2005 |work= Calcutta Telegraph |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> and went on to win several awards for its music.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cinema-unplugged-music-unleashed/262371/0|title=Cinema unplugged, music unleashed |date=17 January 2008 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> The same year, Bose appeared in another Bollywood film, ''[[Mumbai Matinee]]'' which saw a UK release. He starred in ''[[Chameli (film)|Chameli]]'' opposite [[Kareena Kapoor]], playing a wealthy chain-smoking Mumbai banker who is stranded in the [[monsoon]] rains with a prostitute. The film was not a box office success, but won several [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare]]<ref>{{cite news|title=For Hrithik, it is a Preity night to remember|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/feb/22filmfare.htm|access-date=19 May 2011|work=Rediff.com|date=22 February 2004}}</ref> and [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA]] awards.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050613/main6.htm |title= 6 IIFA awards go to 'Veer-Zaara' |author= Tony Tharakan |date= 12 June 2005|work=The Tribune |access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indians bag honours at the Asian Television Awards|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?339041|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712003915/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?339041|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2012|access-date=19 May 2011|newspaper=Outlook|date=2 December 2005|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

He was the screenwriter of Hero Bhakti Hi Shakti Hai of Hungama TV in 2005.

Bose's second film pairing with [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], ''[[15 Park Avenue]]'' released in January 2006. Directed by Aparna Sen and filmed in English, ''15 Park Avenue'' won the 2006 National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/22msg.htm |title= National Awards: Your say|date=22 August 2006 |publisher= [[CNBC-TV18]]|access-date=19 May 2011}}</ref>

[[File:I am hindi movie.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bose (far left) on the set of [[National Film Awards|National Award]]-winning Hindi film ''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]'' in 2010]]

With his next effort, the romantic comedy ''[[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]'', Bose moved once more into mainstream Bollywood cinema. The film follows the rocky relationship of Bose's commitment phobic Mumbai DJ Sid and his [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] girlfriend, Trisha played by [[Mallika Sherawat]]. Critics noted the freshness of Bose's narration style which involves [[breaking the fourth wall]], a device not commonly used in Indian cinema.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/15pyaar.htm |title= Mallika's hot in Pyaar Ke Side Effects |author= Raja Sen |date= 15 September 2006 |work= Rediff.com |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> The film opened well in multiplexes<ref>{{cite web |url= http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/box-office/competition-220906.html |title= Tough competition! |author= Taran Adarsh |date= 22 September 2006 |website= [[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date= 7 December 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120720001346/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/box-office/competition-220906.html |archive-date= 20 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|title=Apna sapna? Money, money|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-life/article1682128.ece|access-date=19 May 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 January 2007}}</ref> and was a moderate financial success, eventually ranking among the top-grossing films of 2006.<ref>{{cite web | title= Box Office 2006 | url= http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg== | publisher= Box Office India | access-date= 7 December 2009 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132118/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg%3D%3D | archive-date= 14 October 2013}}</ref> Both Bose and Sherawat received positive reviews for their performances.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/reviews/2006/pyaar-ke-side-effects-150906.html |title= Pyaar Ke Side Effects – Movie Review |author= Taran Adarsh |date= 15 September 2006 |publisher= IndiaFM |access-date= 7 December 2009 |archive-date= 20 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121020001127/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/reviews/2006/pyaar-ke-side-effects-150906.html |url-status= live }}</ref> Sherawat and Bose also starred together in another Bollywood comedy, ''[[Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (2008), which was a commercial and critical failure.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rahuls-going-great/articleshow/3411716.cms |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121023071337/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-28/news-interviews/27911277_1_rugby-rahul-khanna-film |url-status= live |archive-date= 23 October 2012 |title= Rahul's going great! |access-date=7 November 2009|work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 28 August 2008 }}</ref>

In 2006, Bose starred in the first of a trio of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] films, [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]]'s ''[[Anuranan]]''. ''Anuranan'' was well received on the festival circuit and ran successfully for three months in [[Bengal]]. It was then dubbed into Hindi and released nationally.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Rumblings-of-SUCCESS/264589/ |title= Rumblings of success |author= Alaka Sahani |date= 23 January 2008 |work= The Indian Express |access-date= 7 December 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081201220011/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Rumblings-of-SUCCESS/264589/ |archive-date= 1 December 2008}}</ref> ''[[Kaalpurush (2005 film)|Kaalpurush]]'', Bose's second Bengali film, was released commercially in April 2008. ''Kaalpurush'' details a father-son relationship and earned writer-director [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]] a [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]]. Bose teamed with Chowdhury again in 2009 for ''[[Antaheen]]'' which tells the story of online relationships. Like ''Anuranan'', ''Antaheen'' was released commercially in [[West Bengal]] and was screened at various film festivals, including the [[Indo-American Arts Council|Mahindra Indo-American Arts Council Film Festival]] (MIACC) and the [[International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ptinews.com/news/398489_I-want-to-do-an-action-film--says-Rahul-Bose |title= I want to do an action film, says Rahul Bose |date= 28 November 2009 |agency= Press Trust of India |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.deccanherald.com/content/36926/bombay-summer-rules-york-film.html|title= 'Bombay Summer' rules New York film fest, bags three awards |date= 20 November 2009 |work= Deccan Herald |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> ''Antaheen'' went on to win several [[National Film Awards|National Awards]] including one for [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Film]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://in.reuters.com/article/bollywoodNews/idINIndia-45633220100123 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100126093243/http://in.reuters.com/article/bollywoodNews/idINIndia-45633220100123 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 26 January 2010 |title= Bollywood wins big at National Film Awards |date= 23 January 2010 |work= Reuters |location=India|access-date=9 April 2010}}</ref>

Bose continued working in a mix of mainstream and arthouse films in 2008, with the English-language film, ''[[Before the Rains]]''. ''Before the Rains'' was released in the US and the UK and Bose's performance was praised by many critics, although the film received mixed reviews. Bose also appeared in ''[[Shaurya]]'', a military court room drama modelled on the American film ''[[A Few Good Men (film)|A Few Good Men]]''. Bose's performance was well-received; critic [[Taran Adarsh]] said his "performance easily ranks as one of his finest works".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/13758/index.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080214161054/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/13758/index.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 14 February 2008 |title= Shaurya |author= Taran Adarsh |date= 4 April 2008 |website= [[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> His appearance in ''[[Dil Kabaddi]]'' paired him with Konkona Sen Sharma for the third time, this time playing a husband and wife undergoing marital difficulties.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.screenindia.com/news/The-game-of-life-/388249/ |title= The game of life! |author= Sneha Mahadevan |date= 21 November 2008 |work= Screen |access-date= 7 December 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120910042718/http://www.screenindia.com/news/The-game-of-life-/388249/ |archive-date= 10 September 2012}}</ref> ''[[The Japanese Wife]]'', with Japanese actress [[Chigusa Takaku]], the third [[Aparna Sen]] film in which he has appeared, released on 9 April 2010.<ref name="outlook">{{cite web |url= http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?675188 |title= Aparna Sen's 'The Japanese Wife' to be released on April 9|date= 24 February 2010 |magazine= Outlook|location=New Delhi |access-date= 25 February 2010 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090335/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?675188 |archive-date= 18 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= 'The Japanese Wife' most splendid film of my life: Rahul Bose | url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-japanese-wife-most-splendid-film-of-my/449570/ | date= 21 April 2009 | agency= Press Trust of India | access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> He also appeared as a contestant in the reality show ''[[Fear Factor – Khatron Ke Khiladi Level 3|Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' where he was eliminated in the 12th round.<ref>{{cite news|title=I did Khatron Ke Khiladi for the money: Rahul Bose|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/television/i-did-khatron-ke-khiladi-for-the-money-rahul-bose-78658|access-date=20 May 2011|publisher=NDTV|date=11 January 2011|agency=Press Trust of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005162554/http://www.ndtv.com/article/television/i-did-khatron-ke-khiladi-for-the-money-rahul-bose-78658|archive-date=5 October 2012}}</ref> He hosted the second series of [[Bloomberg UTV]] reality show ''The Pitch''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Gautam|title=Globosport makes the right moves|url=http://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/globosport-makesthe-right-moves-1.956806|access-date=20 January 2012|newspaper=Gulf News|date=26 December 2011}}</ref> His role as a gay man harassed by the police in ''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]'' was appreciated by critics.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shekhar|first=Mayank|title=Mayank Shekhar's review: I Am|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/691369.aspx|access-date=20 May 2011|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=30 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504003212/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/691369.aspx|archive-date=4 May 2011}}</ref>

He appeared in [[Deepa Mehta]]'s [[Midnight's Children (film)|version]] of ''[[Midnight's Children]]'' where he played the role of General Zulfikar.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sneha|first=Mahadevan|title=Rahul Bose's relief measures|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_rahul-bose-s-relief-measures_1438717|access-date=20 May 2011|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|date=16 September 2010}}</ref> He also played the villain in the 2013 Tamil film ''[[Vishwaroopam]]''.<ref name="Vats"/> [[Naren Weiss]] who was 19 years old at the time, acted opposite Bose in all of his scenes for ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'', and credited Bose for working with him during filming.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.asianage.com/entertainment/in-other-news/250617/shuttling-between-worlds.html|title=Shuttling between worlds|access-date=26 June 2017 |last=Balajee |first= C.R.|date= 25 June 2017 |publisher=Asian Age}}</ref> He was scheduled to begin shooting his adaptation of [[Mohsin Hamid]]'s novel, ''[[Moth Smoke]]'' in early 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.glamsham.com/movies/interviews/26-rahul-bose-interview-060921.asp |title= Interview: Rahul Bose|access-date=7 December 2009 |last= Sharma |first= Ritesh|date= 26 June 2009 |publisher= Glamsham.com |archive-date= 30 January 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100130212311/http://glamsham.com/movies/interviews/26-rahul-bose-interview-060921.asp |url-status=dead}}</ref> but the project was postponed after the film's financial backers pulled out.<ref>{{cite news |last= Jha |first= Subhash K. |title= Rahul Bose puts direction plans on hold |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rahul-Bose-puts-direction-plans-on-hold/articleshow/4855367.cms |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121024093948/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-04/news-interviews/28161772_1_rugby-player-indian-rugby-rahul-bose-s-homepage |url-status= live |archive-date= 24 October 2012 |date= 4 August 2009 |work= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> In 2013, he also played opposite Konkona Sen Sharma again in [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]]'s ''[[Shesher Kabita]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Roshini|title=Rahul Bose & Konkona Sen in Shesher Kabita|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Rahul-Bose-Konkona-Sen-in-Shesher-Kabita/articleshow/11458903.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509234021/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-12/news-interviews/30619532_1_konkona-sen-sharma-rahul-bose-love-story|url-status=live|archive-date=9 May 2013|access-date=19 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 January 2012}}</ref> In 2017, he directed, produced and acted in the biopic ''Poorna'' about the youngest girl to climb [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Direction more fulfilling than acting: Rahul Bose|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/feb/28/direction-more-fulfilling-than-acting-rahul-bose-1575760.html|work=The Indian Express|date=28 February 2017}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCC"; text="align:center";
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 1988
| ''[[The Perfect Murder (1988 film)|The Perfect Murder]]''
| Prem
|English
|
|-
| 1992
| ''[[Ramayana: The Legend of Prince Rama|Ramayana the Legend of Prince Rama]]''
| Bharata (voice)
|Hindi
|Voiceover
|-
| 1994
| ''[[English, August (film)|English, August]]''
| Agastya Sen
| rowspan="5" |English
|
|-
| 1995
| ''[[A Mouthful of Sky]]''
| Sarkar / Pavan
| Television series
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Bomgay]]''
| The Lefty
|
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Bombay Boys]]''
| Ricardo Fernandes
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999
| ''[[Split Wide Open]]''
| Kut Price
|
|-
| ''[[Thakshak]]''
| Sunny
|Hindi
|
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Everybody Says I'm Fine!]]''
| Rage
| rowspan="2" |English
|
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Iyer]]''
| Jahangir Chaudhary (Raja)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2003
| ''[[Jhankaar Beats]]''
| Rishi
|Hindi / English
|
|-
| ''[[Ek Din 24 Ghante]]''
| Virendra
|Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[Mumbai Matinee]]''
| Debashish "Debu" Chatterjee
|Hindi / English
|
|-
| ''[[Chameli (film)|Chameli]]''
| Aman Kapoor
|Hindi
|
|-
| 2004
| ''White Noise''
| Karan Deol
| rowspan="3" |English
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2005
| ''The Fall''
|
| Short film
|-
| ''Scrum in the Mud with Rahul Bose''
| Himself
| Documentary
|-
| ''[[Silsiilay]]''
| Neel Kashyap
|Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[15 Park Avenue]]''
| Joydeep "Jojo" Roy
| rowspan="2" |English
|
|-
| ''Ctrl+Alt+Del''
| Kabir
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2006
| ''[[Anuranan]]''
| Rahul Chatterjee
|Bengali
|
|-
| ''[[Pyaar Ke Side Effects]]''
| Siddharth "Sid" Bose
|Hindi
|
|-
| ''The Other Side of Bollywood''
| Himself
|English
| Documentary
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Chain Kulii Ki Main Kulii]]''
| Varun Roy
|Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2008
| ''[[Before the Rains]]''
| T. K. Neelan
|English / [[Malayalam]]
| Bilingual film
|-
| ''[[Shaurya]]''
| Major Siddhant Chaudhary (Sid)
| rowspan="5" |Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam]]''
| Arjun Rastogi
|
|-
| ''[[Dil Kabaddi]]''
| Rishi Sharma
|
|-
| ''[[Tahaan]]''
| Zafar
|
|-
| ''[[Kaalpurush (2005 film)|Kaalpurush]]''
| Son
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Antaheen]]''
| Abhik Choudhury
|Bengali
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| ''[[Fired (2010 film)|Fired]]''
| Joy Mittal
|Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[The Japanese Wife]]''
| Snehamoy Chatterjee
|English / Bengali / Japanese
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Kuch Love Jaisa]]''
| Raghav Passport
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
| <ref>{{cite news|title=All For a Good Cause|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/all-for-a-good-cause/766786/0|access-date=20 May 2011|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]''
| Jay Gowda
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
| ''[[Midnight's Children (film)|Midnight's Children]]''
| Zulfikar
|English
|
|-
| ''[[Laptop (2012 film)|Laptop]]''
| Indro
|Bengali
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| ''[[Vishwaroopam]]''
| Omar Qureshi
|Tamil / Hindi
| Bilingual film
|-
| ''Shesher Kabita''
| Amit Ray
| rowspan="2" |Bengali
|
|-
| 2014
| ''Shondhey Namar Agey''
| Alok
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
| ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]''
| Manav Sangha
|Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[Under Construction (film)|Under Construction]]''
| Imtiaz
|Bengali
| [[Cinema of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi film]]
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Niruttara]]''
| Pradeep
|[[Kannada]]
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Poorna: Courage Has No Limit]]''
| Dr. R.S. Praveen Kumar
|Hindi
| Also director and producer
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]''
| Omar Qureshi
|Tamil / Hindi
| Bilingual
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Bulbbul]]''
| Mahendra/Indranil
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Salaam Venky]]''
| Lawyer Parvez Alam
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kajol Seeks Blessings From Lalbaugcha Raja |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/kajol-seeks-blessings-from-lalbaugcha-raja/20220906.htm |access-date=2022-09-06 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023
| ''Binodini: Ekti Natir Upakhyan''
| Rangababu
|Bengali
|
|-
| ''[[Neeyat (2023 film)|Neeyat]]''
| Jimmy Mistry
|Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[Iraivan]]''
| "Smiley Killer" Brahma
|Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2024
| ''[[Berlin (2023 film)|Berlin]]''
| Sondhi
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]''
|Colonel Amit Singh Dabas
|Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Bhairathi Ranagal]]''
|Parande
|Kannada
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Madam Sengupta]]''
|Ranjan Banerjee
|Bengali
|
|}

===Playback singing===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCC; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Film !! Title
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Anuranan]]''
| "Akashe Chhorano Megher"
|}

===As writer and director===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Everybody Says I'm Fine!]]''
|-
| 2009
| ''The Whisperers''
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Poorna: Courage Has No Limit]]''
|}

===As produced ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film
|-
| 2017
|''[[Poorna: Courage Has No Limit]]''
|}

=== Television ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
|-
|2009-2010
| ''[[Baazi Dimaag Ki]]''
| Host
| [[Hindi]]
|-
|2019
| ''Teacher's Genuine Stories''
| Host
| [[Hindi]]
|-
|2021
| ''[[Bombay Begums]]''
| Mahesh Rao
| Hindi
|-
|2021
| ''[[Rabindranath Ekhane Kokhono Khete Asen Ni]]''
| Nirupam Chanda
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
|2022
|''[[Eternally Confused and Eager for Love]]''
|Ray's Father
|[[English language|English]]
|-
|2023
|''[[Taj: Divided by Blood]]''
|Mirza Hakim
|[[Hindi]]
|}

=== Stage ===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCC; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Title!! Role
|-
|1989
|''Topsy Turvey''
|
|-
| 1993
|''Are There Tigers in the Congo?''
|
|-
|1996
|''[['Art' (play)|Art]]''
|Mark
|-
|rowspan= 2| 1999
| ''The Square Circle''
| Lakshmi/Lakshman
|-
|''Seascape with Sharks and Dancer ''
|
|}

== Awards ==

* 2007 – "Artiste for Change" Karmaveer Puraskaar award<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Science-Technology/The-Changing-Climate.html |title= The Changing Climate |access-date= 1 December 2008 |date= 30 November 2007 |work= Businessworld |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081010015350/http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Science-Technology/The-Changing-Climate.html |archive-date= 10 October 2008}}</ref>
* 2008 – [[CNN-IBN|IBN]] Eminent Citizen Journalist Award<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cj-awards-hounoring-you-in-your-fight-for-your-rights/76034-20.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110614134049/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cj-awards-hounoring-you-in-your-fight-for-your-rights/76034-20.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 14 June 2011 |title=CJ Awards: Honouring you in your right to fight |access-date=20 May 2011|date= 17 October 2008 |publisher= CNN-IBN}}</ref>
* 2009 – Youth Icon Award for Social Justice and Welfare<ref>{{cite news|title=Rahul, Priyanka, Hrithik bag youth icon awards |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rahul-Priyanka-Hrithik-bag-youth-icon-awards/articleshow/5062118.cms |work=The Times of India |date=27 September 2009 |access-date=28 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001120247/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rahul-Priyanka-Hrithik-bag-youth-icon-awards/articleshow/5062118.cms |archive-date=1 October 2009 }}</ref>
* 2010 – Green Globe Foundation Award for Extraordinary Work by a Public Figure<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100129499&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood|title=Akshay's son wins Green Globe Foundation Award|date=6 February 2010|publisher=NDTV|access-date=8 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210072952/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20100129499&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA|archive-date=10 February 2010}}</ref>
*2012 – [[Hakim Khan Sur]] Award for National Integration – [[Maharana of Mewar Charitable Foundation]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Roshini|title=Rahul Bose to be honoured in Udaipur|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rahul-Bose-to-be-honoured-in-Udaipur/articleshow/12002443.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707080958/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-23/news-interviews/31090588_1_rahul-bose-national-integration-udaipur|url-status=live|archive-date=7 July 2012|access-date=23 February 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 February 2012}}</ref>
*2012 – Lt. Governor's Commendation Award for services to Andaman & Nicobar Islands<ref>{{cite web|last=Dalal|first=Sayantan|title=Rahul Bose gets felicitated|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_rahul-bose-gets-felicitated_1730643|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref>
* [[2020 Filmfare OTT Awards|2020]] – [[Filmfare OTT Awards]] for Best Supporting Actor in a Web Original Film for ''[[Bulbbul]]''

==Sports career==
[[File:Rahul Bose with rugby ball.jpg|thumb|Rahul Bose juggles a rugby ball at the [[All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament]] ]]

In 1998, Bose was part of the first Indian national rugby team to play in an international event, the [[1998 ARFU Asian Rugby Championship|Asian Rugby Football Union Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19981017/29050794.html |title= Bose leads Bombay Boys to Singapore |access-date=16 December 2008 |last= Natarajan |first= H|date= 17 November 1998 |work= [[The Indian Express]] }}</ref> He has played both [[scrum-half (rugby union)|scrum-half]] and [[Rugby union positions|right-winger]] positions.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/05/10/stories/2004051002800400.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20041122063845/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/05/10/stories/2004051002800400.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 22 November 2004 |title= Rage for RUGBY |access-date=16 December 2008|date= 10 May 2004 |work= [[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In an interview with ''Daily News & Analysis'', Bose announced that he would not return to the team for the 2009 season.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1170005 |title= Rahul Bose's rage for Rugby |access-date=16 December 2008 |last= Bhowmik |first= Aveek |date= 9 June 2008 |work= Daily News & Analysis}}</ref>

== Activism ==

Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] and [[Nicobar Islands]] after the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 tsunami]]. As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his [[NGO]], The Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefoundation.in/team.html|title=The Team|publisher=The Foundation|access-date=8 April 2013}}</ref> The [[scholarship]] program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] and [[Nicobar Islands]].<ref>{{cite news| title = Rahul Bose launches scholarship scheme| date = 22 November 2006| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rahul-Bose-launches-scholarship-scheme/articleshow/521529.cms| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121025131304/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-22/news-interviews/27826093_1_rahul-bose-andaman-bose-first| url-status = live| archive-date = 25 October 2012| access-date =8 May 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as [[Teach for India]], Akshara Centre, [[Breakthrough (human rights)|Breakthrough]], Citizens for Justice and Peace and the [[Scope (charity)|Spastics Society of India]]. He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education. In addition, he became the first Indian [[Oxfam]] global ambassador in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rahul Bose appointed Oxfam's global ambassador |date=31 July 2007 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2245882.cms |access-date=5 August 2008 |work=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203122240/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2245882.cms |archive-date=3 December 2008 }}</ref> He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs.<ref>{{cite web | title= Citizens' groups, NGOs chalk out action plan for elections | url= http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/citizens-groups-ngos-chalk-out-action-plan-for-elections/436818/ | date= 20 March 2009 | work= [[The Indian Express]] | access-date= 7 April 2009 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121002033809/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/citizens-groups-ngos-chalk-out-action-plan-for-elections/436818/ | archive-date= 2 October 2012}}</ref> He is also an ambassador for the [[American India Foundation]], the World Youth Peace Movement<ref>{{cite web| last = Singh| first = Shalini| title = Being outraged isn't enough| date = 20 January 2007| url = http://www.tehelka.com/story_main25.asp?filename=Cr012007Being_outraged.asp| work = Tehelka| access-date = 5 August 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090112213315/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main25.asp?filename=Cr012007Being_outraged.asp| archive-date = 12 January 2009| url-status = dead}}</ref> and Planet Alert.<ref>{{cite web |title= India's Swades Movement to Combat Climate Change, "Planet Alert" Launches with an 18 Hour Radio-thon across 45 Cities on June 5th, World Environment Day | url= http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news-releases/indias-swades-movement-combat-climate-change-planet-alert-launches-with-18-hour-radio-th | date= 6 June 2009| publisher= Radio and Music.com | access-date=10 June 2009}}</ref> He was also a vocal proponent of [[Narmada Bachao Andolan]] and its efforts to halt the construction of the [[Narmada Dam Project|Narmada dam]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/take-a-break/articleshow/1197252.cms |title= Take a break! |access-date=16 December 2008 |date= 10 August 2005 |work= [[The Times of India]] |first1=Surbhi |last1=Gupta}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/aamir-is-25-times-more-famous-than-me-rahul/articleshow/1621178.cms |title= Aamir is 25 times more famous than me: Rahul |access-date=16 December 2008 |last= Mukherjee |first= Amrita |date= 5 June 2006 |work= [[The Times of India]] }}</ref> He also recorded the [[Terre des hommes]] audio book ''Goodgoodi karna, gale lagana; Sparsh ke niyam sikhiye'' ([[English language|English]]: ''Tickle and hugs: Learning the touching rules''), which is designed to give children resources against sexual abuse.<ref>{{cite news |title= When to shun that tickle, hug |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/When-to-shun-that-tickle-hug/articleshow/5048286.cms |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121025131309/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-24/delhi/28087236_1_tulir-sexual-abuse-audio-book |url-status= live |archive-date= 25 October 2012 |date= 24 September 2009 |work= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 September 2009}}</ref>

Bose has given lectures on [[gender equality]] and human rights at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit.<ref name="wyps"/> In 2009, he toured Canada lecturing on [[global climate change]] under the auspices of [[Climate Action Network]]<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article45351.ece?css=print |title= Ace player, actor and activist |author= Urvashi Sarka |date= 8 November 2009 |work= [[The Hindu]] |access-date=7 November 2009 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> and demonstrated with protesters at the [[United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009|Copenhagen Climate Change Summit]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2009/dec/13/rahul-bose-too-at-copenhagen-protest-112603.html|access-date=12 December 2023|work=The Indian Express|title=Rahul Bose too at Copenhagen Protest|date=13 December 2009}}</ref> In 2011, he worked in conjunction with [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] to raise funds for victims of the [[2011 Sikkim earthquake|Sikkim earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sen|first=Zinia|title=B'wood going all out to raise money|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Bwood-going-all-out-to-raise-money/articleshow/10204358.cms|access-date=7 October 2011|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 October 2011}}</ref>

At the 8th convocation of [[BRAC University]] Bangladesh on 17 February 2013, Bose delivered the convocation speech.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

==Personal life==

Bose has one elder sister, Anuradha, who is married to Tariq Ansari, the owner and director of [[MiD DAY|Mid-Day Multimedia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Ajwani|first=Deepak|title=Tariq Ansari, Mid Day's MD: I Never Closed the Door on Anyone|url=http://business.in.com/interview/exit-interview/tariq-ansari-mid-days-md-i-never-closed-the-door-on-anyone/14272/1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625130702/http://business.in.com/interview/exit-interview/tariq-ansari-mid-days-md-i-never-closed-the-door-on-anyone/14272/1|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 June 2010|access-date=20 May 2011|newspaper=Forbes India|date=19 June 2010}}</ref> She had a cameo role in ''[[Everybody Says I'm Fine!]]'' (2001).<ref>{{cite web|title=Anuradha Ansari|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1223331/|publisher=IMDb|access-date=20 May 2011}}</ref> Bose is single. On his relationships, Rahul said, "I've had five very long relationships in my life, the last one finished seven years ago. I've had a life full of romantic love. Would I like another relationship, or five, or ten? Of course, I mean [[The Beatles]] said it best, 'all you need is love.' I would love to be in love, it would be fantastic."<ref>{{cite web |title=Rahul Bose's last relationship was seven years ago, says 'would love to be in love' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/rahul-bose-s-last-relationship-was-seven-years-ago-says-would-love-to-be-in-love-101647192154256.html |website=Hindustan Times|date=15 March 2022}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{DNA India|rahul-bose}}
* {{BH person|rahul-bose}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090730024907/http://gogreen.bigadda.com/ Rahul Bose environmental blog]

{{SIFF BestAsianActor}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bose, Rahul}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian rugby union players]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Rugby union wings]]
[[Category:Cathedral and John Connon School alumni]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Journalists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rugby union players from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]

Sradhanjali Samantaray

2026-02-08T00:39:54Z

Trevor51P0492: started some biography and citations - done

{{short description|Indian football player and coach}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Sradhanjali Samantaray
| image = Sradhanjali.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Sradhanjali Samantaray
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|5|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Banapur]], [[Orissa]], India
| height = 
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| clubs2 =
| years2 =
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| nationalyears1 = 1997–2007
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = ?
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| manageryears1 = 2015
| managerclubs1 = [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]]
| manageryears2 = 2017–2018
| managerclubs2 = [[Rising Students Club|Rising Students]] (assistant)
| manageryears3 = 2018
| managerclubs3 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]] (assistant)
| manageryears4 = 2022
| managerclubs4 = [[Odisha Police]]
| manageryears5 = 2022
| managerclubs5 = [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]] (assistant)
| manageryears6 = 2023–
| managerclubs6 = [[India women's national under-20 football team|India U20]] (assistant)
}}

'''Sradhanjali Samantaray''' (born 7 May 1978 in [[Banapur]], [[Odisha]]) is an Indian football coach and former footballer. She currently serves as the assistant coach of the [[India women's national under-20 football team]]. She was the first footballer from Odisha to represent and captain the [[India women's national football team]].<ref name="ss" >{{cite web |title=Sradhanjali Samantaray |url=https://orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NTc3MA== |website=Orisports |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216054859/http://orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=MTY= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BIJU PATNAIK AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE IN SPORTS & GAMES FOR THE CURRENT YEAR 2005-2006 MISS. SRADHANJALI SAMANTARAY |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/ORA-2005/pdf/bijupatnaik_award-2005.pdf |website=ORISSA REFERENCE ANNUAL |date=2005 |access-date=29 September 2024 }}</ref>

==Coaching career==
She has served as the head coach of Odisha Police in the [[2021–22 Indian Women's League]] and as the assistant coach of the [[Odisha women's football team]] in the national tournaments. She is a former [[India]]n international footballer and has served as the captain of the [[India women's national football team]].<ref name="ss" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.womanodisha.com/shradhanjali-samantaray-former-captain-of-indian-national-women-team/|title=Shradhanjali Samantaray former captain of Indian national women team - Woman Odisha|author=|date=|website=www.womanodisha.com|accessdate=17 June 2017|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223120939/http://www.womanodisha.com/shradhanjali-samantaray-former-captain-of-indian-national-women-team/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, she was appointed as assistant coach of India's U-16 Girls Football team for the 2015 [[Asian Football Confederation]] Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissapost.com/sradhanjali-appointed-india-assistant-coach/|title=Sradhanjali appointed India assistant coach - Orissa Post|author=|date=|website=www.orissapost.com|accessdate=17 June 2017|archive-date=19 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719132625/http://www.orissapost.com/sradhanjali-appointed-india-assistant-coach/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, she has completed long 31 years in the field of football in various capacities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/cuttack/shradhanjali-samantaray-appointed-coach-u-16-girls-football-team-41054|title=Shradhanjali Samantaray appointed coach for U-16 girls football team|date=2014-08-14|work=dna|access-date=2017-06-11|language=en-US|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622170646/https://www.dnaindia.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==International goals==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 12 June 2005 || [[Mỹ Đình National Stadium]], [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]] || {{fbw|GUM}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 10–0 || [[2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualifiers]]
|}

==Honours==

'''Orissa'''
* [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]]: 2010–11,<ref>{{cite web |title=Orissa win maiden title in Senior Women NFC |url=https://orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=MjcyOQ== |website=Orisports |date=18 May 2011 |access-date=22 November 2022 }}</ref> runner-up: 2001–02, 2009–10<ref name="ss" />
* [[National Games of India|National Games]] Gold medal: [[2011 National Games of India|2011]], Bronze medal: 2002<ref name="ss" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/coaches/profile/2017JAN166 Sradhanjali Samantaray] at AIFF

{{India squad 2003 AFC Women's Championship}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samantaray, Sradhanjali}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Khordha district]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]
[[Category:Footballers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1998 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Indian football coaches]]
[[Category:Indian women's football managers]]
[[Category:2003 AFC Women's Championship players]]

{{India-women-footy-bio-stub}}
{{India-footy-forward-stub}}

2023 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship

2026-02-04T23:58:18Z

Trevor51P0492: starting the details added tags!

{{Short description|International volleyball men's club competition}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox FIVB tournament
| competition = Men's Club World Championship
| gender =
| continent = World
| year = 2023
| logo =
| size = 300
| caption =
| host = India
| city = [[Bangalore]]
| dates = 6–10 December
| teams = [[#Qualification|6]]
| confederations = 3
| venues = [[#Venue|1]]
| cities = 1
| champions_other = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]
| title_number = 2
| mvp = {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Oleh Plotnytskyi]]
| setter = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Simone Giannelli]]
| outside_spikers = {{ubl|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Oleh Plotnytskyi]]|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcus Vinícius (volleyball)|Marcus Vinícius]]}}
| middle_blockers = {{ubl|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Sebastián Solé]]|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Renan Michelucci]]}}
| opposite_spiker = {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Dmitry Muserskiy]]
| libero = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Maique Nascimento]]
| matches = 10
| attendance = {{#expr:  1392+1285+860+  1342+645+542+  1030+1327+  1475+1848}}
| website = [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/ 2022 Men's Club World Championship]
| last = 2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
| next = 2024 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
}}

The '''2023 [[FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship]]''' was the 18th edition of the competition. It was held in [[Bangalore]], India. The tournament took place from 6 to 10 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/news/the-race-for-the-men-s-club-world-title-begins-on-wednesday |title=The race for the men's club world title begins on Wednesday |date=5 December 2023 |website=volleyballworld.com |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211093941/https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/news/the-race-for-the-men-s-club-world-title-begins-on-wednesday |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/volleyball/story/_/id/39046267/ahmedabad-defenders-set-to-face-world-best-fivb-club-world-championships-where-watch |title=Volleyball: Ahmedabad Defenders set to face world's best in FIVB Club World Championships |author=Anirudh Menon |date=5 December 2023 |website=ESPN India |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180325/https://www.espn.in/olympics/volleyball/story/_/id/39046267/ahmedabad-defenders-set-to-face-world-best-fivb-club-world-championships-where-watch |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]] won their second title after defeating [[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]] in straight sets (3–0) in the final.<ref name="cwc2023">{{Cite web |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/news/mvp-plotnytskyi-guides-perugia-to-their-second-world-title |title=MVP Plotnytskyi guides Perugia to their second world title |date=10 December 2023 |website=volleyballworld.com |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217172705/https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/news/mvp-plotnytskyi-guides-perugia-to-their-second-world-title |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/volleyball/sir-sicoma-perugia-wins-mens-volleyball-club-world-championships-beats-itambe-minas-in-finals-retains-title-result-report/article67625413.ece |title=Men's Volleyball Club World Championships: Sicoma Perugia defends title, beats Itambe Minas in the final |author=Netra V |date=10 December 2023 |website=Sport Star |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211054153/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/volleyball/sir-sicoma-perugia-wins-mens-volleyball-club-world-championships-beats-itambe-minas-in-finals-retains-title-result-report/article67625413.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Itambé Minas settle for silver and its also their first medal of the tournament.<ref name="cwc2023" /> [[Suntory Sunbirds]] claimed bronze after they reverse sweeped [[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]] for the 3rd place match.<ref name="cwc2023" /> [[Oleh Plotnytskyi]] was named the [[Most valuable player|MVP]] of the tournament.<ref name="cwc2023" />

This were [[Ahmedabad Defenders]], Halkbank Spor Kulübü and Suntory Sunbirds' first appearance at the Club World Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/news/facts-you-should-know-about-the-club-world-champs |title=Facts you should know about the Club World Champs |date=15 November 2023 |website=volleyballworld.com |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211054153/https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/news/facts-you-should-know-about-the-club-world-champs |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Qualification ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Team (Confederation)
! Qualified as
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmedabad Defenders]] (AVC)
| Hosts
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Associação Social e Esportiva Sada|Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei]] (CSV)
| [[2023 Men's South American Volleyball Club Championship|2023 South American champions]]
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]] (CSV)
| 2023 South American runners-up
|-
| {{flagicon|POL}} <s>[[ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle]]</s>{{Efn-ua|ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle withdrew to participate in the Club World Championship for the third time, citing a hectic schedule in the pre-Olympic season and concerns about the risks of traveling to India while competing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zaksa.pl/grupa-azoty-zaksa-kedzierzyn-kozle-nie-zagra-w-klubowych-mistrzostwach-swiata-3/ |title=Grupa Azoty ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle nie zagra w Klubowych Mistrzostwach Świata |website=zaksa.pl |trans-title=Grupa Azoty ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle will not play in the Club World Championship |access-date=17 December 2023 |language=pl |date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621011019/https://zaksa.pl/grupa-azoty-zaksa-kedzierzyn-kozle-nie-zagra-w-klubowych-mistrzostwach-swiata-3/ |url-status=live}}</ref> They were replaced by Halkbank Spor Kulübü.}} (CEV)
| [[2022–23 CEV Champions League|2023 European champions]]
|-
| {{flagicon|POL}} <s>[[Jastrzębski Węgiel]]</s>{{Efn-ua|Jastrzębski Węgiel declined the invitation to participate in the Club World Championship citing health and logistical concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jastrzebskiwegiel.pl/jastrzebski-wegiel-nie-zagra-w-klubowych-mistrzostwach-swiata/ |title=Jastrzębski Węgiel nie zagra w Klubowych Mistrzostwach Świata |last=Fejkiel |first=Marcin |date=16 June 2023 |website=jastrzebskiwegiel.pl |trans-title=Jastrzębski Węgiel will not play in the Club World Cup |access-date=17 December 2023 |language=pl |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203144601/https://jastrzebskiwegiel.pl/jastrzebski-wegiel-nie-zagra-w-klubowych-mistrzostwach-swiata/ |url-status=live}}</ref> They were replaced by Sir Sicoma Perugia.}} (CEV)
| 2023 European runners-up
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suntory Sunbirds]] (AVC)
| [[2023 Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship|2023 Asian champions]]
|-
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]<ref>{{Cite Instagram |user=halkbanksk |postid=CyS-3abM9Wv |date=12 October 2023 |title=🏆 FIVB 2023 DÜNYA KULÜPLER ŞAMPİYONASINDAYIZ! |trans-title=🏆 WE ARE AT THE FIVB 2023 CLUB WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP! |language=tr |access-date=17 December 2023 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217133105/https://www.instagram.com/p/CyS-3abM9Wv/ |url-status=live}}</ref>(CEV)
| rowspan="2" | [[Wild card (sports)|Wild card]]
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sirsafetyperugia.it/new/al-lavoro-per-civitanova-block-devils-ufficiali-al-mondiale-per-club |title=AL LAVORO PER CIVITANOVA. BLOCK DEVILS UFFICIALI AL MONDIALE PER CLUB |date=3 November 2023 |language=it |website=sirsafetyperugia.it |trans-title=AT WORK FOR CIVITANOVA. OFFICIAL BLOCK DEVILS AT THE CLUB WORLD CUP |access-date=17 December 2023 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217172849/https://www.sirsafetyperugia.it/new/al-lavoro-per-civitanova-block-devils-ufficiali-al-mondiale-per-club |url-status=live}}</ref> (CEV)
|}

; Notes
{{Notelist-ua}}

== Venue ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+
! All matches
|-
| {{flagdeco|IND}} '''[[Bangalore]], India'''
|-
| [[Koramangala Indoor Stadium]]
|-
| [[File:Blank.svg|200px]]
|}

== Format ==
=== Preliminary round ===
Six teams are divided into two pools of three teams each in a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] match. The top two teams of each pool advance to the semifinals.<ref name="format">{{Cite web |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/competition/formula |title=Competition Formula |website=volleyballworld.com |access-date=6 December 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027031141/https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/competition/formula |archive-date=27 October 2023}}</ref>

=== Final round ===
; Semifinals<ref name="format" />
: A1 vs. B2
: B1 vs. A2

; Finals<ref name="format" />
: Gold match: SFW1 vs. SFW2
: Bronze march: SFL1 vs. SFL2

== Pools composition ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Pool A
! Pool B
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Associação Social e Esportiva Sada|Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei]]
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suntory Sunbirds]]
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]
|}

== Squads ==
{{Empty section|date=February 2024}}

== Pool standing procedure ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/competition/ranking-system |title=Ranking System |website=volleyballworld.com |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211095937/https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/competition/ranking-system |url-status=live}}</ref>
# Number of victories
# Match points
# Sets ratio
# Points ratio
# Result of the last match between the tied teams.

Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner and 0 match point for the loser.

Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner and 1 match point for the loser.

==Preliminary round==
*All times are [[Time in India]] ([[UTC+05:30]]).

===Pool A===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update=complete
|source=[https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/standings/ Men's Club World Champs 2023 – Standings]

|team3=AHM
|team2=MIN
|team1=PGA

|name_AHM={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
|name_MIN={{flagicon|BRA}} [[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]
|name_PGA={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]

|win3s_AHM=0 |win4s_AHM=0 |win5s_AHM=0 |loss5s_AHM=0 |loss4s_AHM=0 |loss3s_AHM=2 |spw_AHM=112 |spl_AHM=150
|win3s_MIN=1 |win4s_MIN=0 |win5s_MIN=0 |loss5s_MIN=0 |loss4s_MIN=0 |loss3s_MIN=1 |spw_MIN=139|spl_MIN=140
|win3s_PGA=2 |win4s_PGA=0 |win5s_PGA=0 |loss5s_PGA=0 |loss4s_PGA=0 |loss3s_PGA=0 |spw_PGA=151 |spl_PGA=112

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QSF=#ccffcc |text_QSF=[[#Final round|Semifinals]]
|result1=QSF |result2=QSF
}}

<div style="overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap;">
{{Vb res start 5}}
{{Vb res 51|6 Dec|20:30|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]|nat1=IND|0–3|nat2=BRA|[[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]|22–25|23–25|19–25|||11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256640959 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18703/ Report]}}
{{Vb res 51|7 Dec|20:30|[[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]|nat1=ITA|3–0|nat2=BRA|[[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]|25–18|26–24|25–22|||11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641214 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18705/ Report]}}
{{Vb res 51|8 Dec|20:30|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]|nat1=IND|0–3|nat2=ITA|[[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]|18–25|19–25|11–25|||11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641212 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18702/ Report]}}
{{end}}</div>

=== Pool B ===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update=complete
|source=[https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/standings/ Men's Club World Champs 2023 – Standings]

|team2=HBK
|team3=SDC
|team1=SUN

|name_HBK={{flagicon|TUR}} [[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]
|name_SDC={{flagicon|BRA}} [[Associação Social e Esportiva Sada|Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei]]
|name_SUN={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suntory Sunbirds]]

|win3s_HBK=1 |win4s_HBK=0 |win5s_HBK=0 |loss5s_HBK=0 |loss4s_HBK=0 |loss3s_HBK=1 |spw_HBK=141 |spl_HBK=143
|win3s_SDC=0 |win4s_SDC=0 |win5s_SDC=1 |loss5s_SDC=0 |loss4s_SDC=0 |loss3s_SDC=1 |spw_SDC=189 |spl_SDC=196
|win3s_SUN=1 |win4s_SUN=0 |win5s_SUN=0 |loss5s_SUN=1 |loss4s_SUN=0 |loss3s_SUN=0 |spw_SUN=192 |spl_SUN=183

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QSF=#ccffcc |text_QSF=[[#Final round|Semifinals]]
|result1=QSF |result2=QSF
}}

<div style="overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap;">
{{Vb res start 5}}
{{Vb res 51|6 Dec|17:00|[[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]|nat1=TUR|0–3|nat2=JPN|[[Suntory Sunbirds]]|23–25|23–25|16–25|||11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256640958 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18702/ Report]}}
{{Vb res 51|7 Dec|17:00|[[Associação Social e Esportiva Sada|Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei]]|nat1=BRA|3–2|nat2=JPN|[[Suntory Sunbirds]]|25–21|31–29|28–30|22–25|15–12|11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641058 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18704/ Report]}}
{{Vb res 51|8 Dec|17:00|[[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]|nat1=TUR|3–0|nat2=BRA|[[Associação Social e Esportiva Sada|Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei]]|26–24|25–18|28–26|||11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641213 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18706/ Report]}}
{{end}}</div>

== Final round ==
*All times are [[Time in India]] ([[UTC+05:30]]).

{{#invoke:RoundN|N4

|RD1=[[#Semifinals|Semifinals]]
|RD2=[[#Final|Final]]
|Consol=[[#3rd place match|3rd place match]]
|3rdplace=yes
|bold_winner=high
|color=yes
|team-width=200


|9 December|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]|3|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]|0
|9 December|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suntory Sunbirds]]|2|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]|3

|10 December|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]|3|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]|0

|10 December|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]|2|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suntory Sunbirds]]|3
}}

=== Semifinals ===
<div style="overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap;">
{{Vb res start 5}}
{{Vb res 51|9 Dec|17:00|[[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]|nat1=ITA|3–0|nat2=TUR|[[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]|25–14|25–16|31–29|||11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641264 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18708/ Report]}}
{{Vb res 51|9 Dec|20:30|[[Suntory Sunbirds]]|nat1=JPN|2–3|nat2=BRA|[[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]|25–22|22–25|30–28|20–25|15–17|11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641263 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18709/ Report]}}
{{end}}</div>

=== 3rd place match ===
<div style="overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap;">
{{Vb res start 5}}
{{Vb res 51|9 Dec|17:00|[[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]|nat1=TUR|2–3|nat2=JPN|[[Suntory Sunbirds]]|25–17|25–23|21–25|19–25|12–15|11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641269 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18710/ Report]}}
{{end}}</div>

=== Final ===
<div style="overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap;">
{{Vb res start 5}}
{{Vb res 51|9 Dec|20:30|[[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]|nat1=ITA|3–0|nat2=BRA|[[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]|25–13|25–21|25–19|||11=[https://www.fivb.org/vis2009/getdocument.asmx?no=256641282 P2] [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/schedule/18711/ Report]}}
{{end}}</div>

== Final standing ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!Team
|-
|{{Gold1}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]
|-
|{{Silver2}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]]
|-
|{{Bronze3}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suntory Sunbirds]]
|-
|4
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Halkbank (men's volleyball)|Halkbank Spor Kulübü]]
|-
|5
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Associação Social e Esportiva Sada|Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei]]
|-
|6
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
|}
''Source: [https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023/standings/#round-f Men's CWC 2023 – Final Standings]''
{{col-2}}
{{winners-other|2023 Club World champions|ITA|[[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]]|Second}}
{| style="text-align:center; margin-top:2em; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"
|-
| '''Team'''
|-
| [[Davide Candellaro]], [[Tim Held]], [[Simone Giannelli]], [[Jesús Herrera (volleyball)|Jesús Herrera]], [[Alessandro Toscani]], [[Wilfredo León]] ([[Captain (sports)|c]]), [[Wassim Ben Tara]], [[Sebastián Solé]], [[Roberto Russo (volleyball)|Roberto Russo]], [[Massimo Colaci]], [[Flávio Gualberto]], [[Kamil Semeniuk]], [[Oleh Plotnytskyi]], [[Gregor Ropret]]
|-
| '''Coach'''
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Angelo Lorenzetti]]
|}
{{col-end}}

== Awards ==
{{small|Source:<ref name="cwc2023" />}}
{{colbegin|colwidth=25em}}
*'''Most valuable player'''
*:{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Oleh Plotnytskyi]] ([[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]])
*'''Best setter'''
*:{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Simone Giannelli]] ([[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]])
*'''Best outside spikers'''
*:{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Oleh Plotnytskyi]] ([[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]])
*:{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcus Vinícius (volleyball)|Marcus Vinícius]] ([[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]])
*'''Best middle blockers'''
*:{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Sebastián Solé]] ([[Sir Safety Umbria Volley|Sir Sicoma Perugia]])
*:{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Renan Michelucci]] ([[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]])
*'''Best opposite spiker'''
*:{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Dmitry Muserskiy]] ([[Suntory Sunbirds]])
*'''Best libero'''
*:{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Maique Nascimento]] ([[Minas Tênis Clube (men's volleyball)|Itambé Minas]])
{{colend}}

== See also ==
* [[2023 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official|https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/club-world-championship-men-2023}}

{{FIVB Volleyball Club World Championship}}
{{Portal bar|Volleyball|India|Sports}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Volleyball, Club World Championship, Mmen, 2023}}
[[Category:FIVB Volleyball Club World Championship]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian sport|FIVB]]
[[Category:2023 in men's volleyball|FIVB]]
[[Category:December 2023 sports events in India|FIVB]]
[[Category:International volleyball competitions hosted by India|2023]]

Sewree Assembly constituency

2026-02-04T06:29:59Z

Trevor51P0492: started a page added tags - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sewree
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| abolished = 1976 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - DPACO 1976 |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 102,600
| mla = A. T. Alias Bhai Bhosle
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Sewree Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Patkar Savlaram || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=2 | Sawalram Gopal Patkar
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || A. T. Alias Bhai Bhosle || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sewree<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=A. T. Alias Bhai Bhosle |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,705 |percentage = 51.25% |change={{increase}}17.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dattaji Salvi |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 16,785 |percentage = 24.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganpat Laxman Patil |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 14,062 |percentage = 20.18% |change={{decrease}}27.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhagwat Pagare |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 3,118 |percentage = 4.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,920 |percentage = 27.16% |change= {{increase}}13.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 71,080 |percentage = 69.28% |change= {{decrease}}0.55 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,670}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,02,600|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.27 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}3.41 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sewree<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sawalram Gopal Patkar |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 30,163 |percentage = 47.84% |change={{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. B. Arolkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,266 |percentage = 33.73% |change={{decrease}}4.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. D. Shigwan |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 5,171 |percentage = 8.20% |change={{increase}}0.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=J. S. Gautam |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,672 |percentage = 5.82% |change={{increase}}1.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. B. Mohite |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 2,781 |percentage = 4.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,897 |percentage = 14.11% |change= {{increase}}1.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,564 |percentage = 69.83% |change= {{increase}}6.25 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 63,053}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,893|ref = |change= {{decrease}}9.15 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Communist Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sewree<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sawalram Gopal Patkar |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 33,341 |percentage = 50.74% |change={{decrease}}25.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhavrao Parsharam Thorat |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,871 |percentage = 37.85% |change={{increase}}13.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bapoo Ramchandra Hatle |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 4,772 |percentage = 7.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchandra Balaji Mayekar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,722 |percentage = 4.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,470 |percentage = 12.89% |change= {{decrease}}39.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 67,407 |percentage = 65.23% |change= {{decrease}}4.83 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,706}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,03,345|ref = |change= {{increase}}44.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Communist Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}25.23 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sewree<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Patkar Savlaram |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 37,100 |percentage = 75.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Arolkar Vithal Baburao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 11,736 |percentage = 24.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,364 |percentage = 51.94% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,836 |percentage = 68.41% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,836}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,387|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Vikas Minar

2026-02-03T23:39:51Z

Trevor51P0492: started the data and citations - done

{{Short description|Office building in Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
'''Vikas Minar''' (The Tower of Progress) is a 23-storey building in [[Delhi]] that houses offices of the [[Delhi Development Authority]]. Built in 1976, it was designed by [[Habib Rahman (architect)|Habib Rahman]] and was at completion the first building in Delhi to surpass the [[Qutb Minar]] in height.<ref>{{cite web|title=vikas minar, Feature Photo, Aerial view of the Vikas Minar...|url=https://www.timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/feature/441885/vikas-minar-dda-delhi-development-a.html|website=Times Content|access-date=2022-05-07|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251127112115/https://web.archive.org/web/20220507164956/https://www.timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/feature/441885/vikas-minar-dda-delhi-development-a.html|archive-date=27 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Roy|first=Sidharatha|title=Once Delhi's tallest building, iconic Vikas Minar is all set for a facelift|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/once-citys-tallest-building-iconic-vikas-minar-is-all-set-for-a-facelift/articleshow/71797923.cms|access-date=2022-05-07|work=The Times of India|date=2019-10-29}}</ref>

==Design and construction==
Vikas Minar was designed by Habib Rahman, the then Chief Architect of the [[Central Public Works Department]], as a point-block tower and construction lasted from 1969 to 1976.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=Jon T.|title=A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India|date=2002|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-017-6|page=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxyGbhlKQXQC&dq=%22vikas+minar%22&pg=PA93|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> Actual construction was undertaken by the Ansal Group at a cost of {{INR}}85 lakhs.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Namburu|first1=Manoj|title=Moguls of Real Estate|date=2007-10-01|publisher=[[Roli Books Private Limited]]|isbn=978-93-5194-074-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QznBBwAAQBAJ&dq=%22vikas+minar%22+taller+than&pg=PT145|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ansal Housing|url=https://www.ansals.com/corporate/corporate-about-us.asp|website=www.ansals.com|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> At 82 meters in height, it was the [[List of tallest buildings in Delhi NCR|tallest building in Delhi]] and the first to surpass the Qutb Minar and became a [[landmark]] in Delhi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Versaci|first=Antonella|title=Conservation of Architectural Heritage (CAH): Embodiment of Identity|year=2022|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]|isbn=978-3-030-95564-9|page=294|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjNtEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22vikas+minar%22&pg=PA294|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/after-over-two-decades-ddas-vikas-minar-secures-fire-safety-clearance/articleshow/123218667.cms "After over two decades, DDA's Vikas Minar secures fire safety clearance"]. ''[https://wework.co.in/delhi/ WeWork]''. 10 August 2025. {{ISSN|0971-8257}}. Retrieved 2025-11-27.</ref> With its exposed [[Beam (structure)|beams]] and [[column]]s, the building, which is devoid of [[louver]]s, [[façade]]s or any decorative elements, is an important example of [[Modernist architecture]] in Delhi although its structure and design have been criticized as being visually unappealing and grossly [[Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning|energy inefficient]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Akhtar|first1=S. M.|title=Habib Rahman: The Architect of Independent India|date=2017-10-16|publisher=Copal Publishing Group|isbn=978-93-83419-35-7|pages=47–48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TkOdDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22vikas+minar%22&pg=PA46|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=Jon T.|title=A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India|date=2002|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-017-6|page=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxyGbhlKQXQC&dq=%22vikas+minar%22&pg=PA93|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hashmi|first1=Faizi O.|title=Beyond My Manor: A Life of My Choosing - Not Giving a Fig, Is Not the Best Option!|date=2015-06-15|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1-4828-4822-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Buch|first1=Mahesh N.|title=Environmental Consciousness and Urban Planning|date=1993|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-0-86311-376-5|page=76|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_h66p0kof_gC&dq=%22vikas+minar%22&pg=PA76|access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref>

It was the tallest building in Delhi until Ambadeep (84 meters) and Hansalaya (88 meters) were built.<ref name="TOI_Facelift">{{cite news |last= Roy |first= Sidharatha |title= Once Delhi’s tallest building, iconic Vikas Minar is all set for a facelift |newspaper=The Times of India |location=New Delhi |publisher=The Times Group |date= 29 October 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/once-citys-tallest-building-iconic-vikas-minar-is-all-set-for-a-facelift/articleshow/71797923.cms |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Delhi}}

[[Category:Central Delhi district]]
[[Category:Indian architecture by state or union territory]]
[[Category:Office buildings in India]]

2025 Pune Challenger – Doubles

2026-01-31T16:37:30Z

Trevor51P0492:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Tennis events|2025|Pune Challenger|s
| champ = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]]}} {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]]
| runner = {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios]]
| score = 3–6, 6–3, [10–0]
| edition =
| type = singles doubles
}}
{{main|2025 Pune Challenger}}

[[Tristan Schoolkate]] and [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]] were the defending champions<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2024/02/24/adam-walton-in-line-for-double-crown-in-pune/ |title=Adam Walton in line for double crown in Pune - Indian Tennis Daily |date=24 February 2024 |website=indiantennisdaily.com}}</ref> but only Schoolkate chose to defend his title, partnering [[Blake Ellis (tennis)|Blake Ellis]]. They lost in the quarterfinals to [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha]] and [[Courtney John Lock]].

[[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]] and [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]] won the title after defeating [[Blake Bayldon]] and [[Matthew Romios]] 3–6, 6–3, [10–0] in the final.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennistourtalk.com/119363/svrcina-to-face-holt-for-maha-open-title |title=Svrcina To Face Holt For Maha Open Title |date=22 February 2025 |publisher=tennistourtalk.com |access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/india-atp-challenger-events-2026-tennis-schedule-calendar-dates|title=India to host four ATP Challenger Tour tennis events in 2026|date=10 December 2026}}</ref>

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]] / {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]] (champions)'''
# {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon]] / {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Chandrasekar]] / {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Ray Ho]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Ellis (tennis)|Blake Ellis]] / {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate]] ''(quarterfinals)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}
===Draw===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Quarterfinals
| RD3=Semifinals
| RD4=Final

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan|J Nedunchezhiyan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth|VS Prashanth]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''6'''
| RD1-score01-2='''79'''
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|DEN}} [[August Holmgren (tennis)|A Holmgren]] {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Elmer Møller|E Møller]]
| RD1-score02-1=3
| RD1-score02-2=67
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni|S Myneni]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]'''
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|BEL}} [[Michael Geerts|M Geerts]] {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Billy Harris (tennis)|B Harris]]
| RD1-score04-1=0
| RD1-score04-2=4
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed05=4
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Ellis (tennis)|B Ellis]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate|T Schoolkate]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2='''6'''
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|DEN}} [[Johannes Ingildsen|J Ingildsen]] {{flagicon|}} [[Ivan Liutarevich|I Liutarevich]]
| RD1-score06-1=3
| RD1-score06-2=4
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Alexis Galarneau|A Galarneau]] {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Kelsey Stevenson|K Stevenson]]
| RD1-score07-1=4
| RD1-score07-2=61
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha|N Kaliyanda Poonacha]] {{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Courtney John Lock|CJ Lock]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''6'''
| RD1-score08-2='''77'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]] {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jurij Rodionov|J Rodionov]]'''
| RD1-score09-1='''6'''
| RD1-score09-2=5
| RD1-score09-3='''[12]'''
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud|E Couacaud]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi|R Noguchi]]
| RD1-score10-1=3
| RD1-score10-2='''7'''
| RD1-score10-3=[10]

| RD1-seed11=Alt
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|}} [[Petr Bar Biryukov|P Bar Biryukov]] {{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin|I Simakin]]'''
| RD1-score11-1='''77'''
| RD1-score11-2=65
| RD1-score11-3='''[10]'''
| RD1-seed12=3
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|IND}} [[Anirudh Chandrasekar|A Chandrasekar]] {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Ray Ho|R Ho]]
| RD1-score12-1=63
| RD1-score12-2='''77'''
| RD1-score12-3=[4]

| RD1-seed13=WC
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Singh (tennis)|K Singh]] {{flagicon|IND}} Nitin Kumar Sinha
| RD1-score13-1=2
| RD1-score13-2=2
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=Alt
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enrico Dalla Valle|E Dalla Valle]] {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Khumoyun Sultanov|K Sultanov]]'''
| RD1-score14-1='''6'''
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=WC
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddhant Banthia|S Banthia]] {{flagicon|IND}} Parikshit Somani
| RD1-score15-1=2
| RD1-score15-2=4
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=2
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon|B Bayldon]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios|MC Romios]]'''
| RD1-score16-1='''6'''
| RD1-score16-2='''6'''
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan|J Nedunchezhiyan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth|VS Prashanth]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''6'''
| RD2-score01-2=2
| RD2-score01-3='''[12]'''
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Saketh Myneni|S Myneni]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]
| RD2-score02-1=3
| RD2-score02-2='''6'''
| RD2-score02-3=[10]

| RD2-seed03=4
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Ellis (tennis)|B Ellis]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate|T Schoolkate]]
| RD2-score03-1=64
| RD2-score03-2='''77'''
| RD2-score03-3=[8]
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha|N Kaliyanda Poonacha]] {{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Courtney John Lock|CJ Lock]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''77'''
| RD2-score04-2=64
| RD2-score04-3='''[10]'''

| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]] {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jurij Rodionov|J Rodionov]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''77'''
| RD2-score05-2='''6'''
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=Alt
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|}} [[Petr Bar Biryukov|P Bar Biryukov]] {{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin|I Simakin]]
| RD2-score06-1=65
| RD2-score06-2=3
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=Alt
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enrico Dalla Valle|E Dalla Valle]] {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Khumoyun Sultanov|K Sultanov]]
| RD2-score07-1=3
| RD2-score07-2='''6'''
| RD2-score07-3=[10]
| RD2-seed08=2
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon|B Bayldon]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios|MC Romios]]'''
| RD2-score08-1='''6'''
| RD2-score08-2=4
| RD2-score08-3='''[12]'''

| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan|J Nedunchezhiyan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth|VS Prashanth]]'''
| RD3-score01-1='''77'''
| RD3-score01-2='''6'''
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha|N Kaliyanda Poonacha]] {{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Courtney John Lock|CJ Lock]]
| RD3-score02-1=65
| RD3-score02-2=4
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]] {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jurij Rodionov|J Rodionov]]
| RD3-score03-1=3
| RD3-score03-2='''6'''
| RD3-score03-3=[5]
| RD3-seed04=2
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon|B Bayldon]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios|MC Romios]]'''
| RD3-score04-1='''6'''
| RD3-score04-2=3
| RD3-score04-3='''[10]'''

| RD4-seed01=1
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan|J Nedunchezhiyan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth|VS Prashanth]]'''
| RD4-score01-1=3
| RD4-score01-2='''6'''
| RD4-score01-3='''[10]'''
| RD4-seed02=2
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon|B Bayldon]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios|MC Romios]]
| RD4-score02-1='''6'''
| RD4-score02-2=3
| RD4-score02-3=[0]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2025/7100/mdd.pdf Main draw]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2025 Pune Challenger - Doubles}}
[[Category:2025 ATP Challenger Tour|Pune Challenger - Doubles]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2025 Doubles]]

Babra, Gujarat

2026-01-27T13:22:22Z

Trevor51P0492: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Babra
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.8441667|N|71.3041667|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Amreli district|Amreli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Babra Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 25,270
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 365 421
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02791
| registration_plate = GJ-14
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Babra''' is a [[town]] and the [[taluka]] headquarter in the [[Amreli district]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. It is situated to the north of [[Amreli]]. The main road linking [[Rajkot]] and [[Bhavnagar]] and [[Amreli]] passes through Babra.

==History==
Babra is said to have been the capital of [[Babruvahana]], the son of [[Arjuna]], one of the five [[Pandava]]s. [[Babhruvahana]]'s Kund (stepwell) also known as Panch Kund is still here, and the [[Kalubhar River]] has its source there. It was the seat of Kathiawar Agency ''thana'' during British period. Babra was held by the Dafada Kathis.<ref name="bg">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Kathiawar (Public Domain text)|url=https://archive.org/details/1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D|year=1884|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press, Bombay|volume=VIII|pages=372}}</ref>

==Demographics==
The Babra Municipality has population of 25,270 of which 13,208 are males while 12,062 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

The population of children aged 0-6 is 3159 which is 12.50% of total population of Babra. In Babra Municipality, the female sex ratio is 913 against state average of 919. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Babra is around 847 compared to Gujarat state average of 890. The literacy rate of Babra city is 76.72% lower than state average of 78.03%. In Babra, male literacy is around 82.21% while the female literacy rate is 70.77%.

==Administration==
Babra is a Municipality city. Babra city is divided into 7 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. Babra Municipality has total administration over 5,022 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Municipality limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802539-babra-gujarat.html|title=Babra Municipality City Population Census 2011-2022 | Gujarat}}</ref>

==Places of Attractions==
* Nilkanth Mahadev Mandir
* [[Babhruvahana]]'s Kund or Panch Kund
* Meldi Mata Temple
* Balmukund Lalji Haveli (Dharai),
* Randal Mata Temple (Dadva)
* Clangourous Stone of Kariyana
* Bhurakhiya Hanuman Mandir
* Tapadiya Ashram
* Saat Hanuman (limbadiya)
* Ridheshwar Mahadev Temple
* Balkrushna Lalji Haveli (Babra)
* Jalaram Mandir
* Nilkanth Mahadev Mandir
* Kalubhar Dam Kariyana
*Bhangadshapeer dargah
*Shaheed Chowk (Babra)

==Connectivity==
[[Rajkot Airport]] and the [[Amreli]] Railway Station serve Babra. Babra is about 33 km from the Amreli railway station. Babra is about 78 km from the [[Rajkot Airport]]. Babra is situated on the Rajkot-Bhavnagar main road.<ref name="bg"/>

==See also==
*[[Untvad]]
Nadala

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[File:PD-icon.svg|10px]] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the [[public domain]]: {{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Kathiawar|url=https://archive.org/details/1884GazetteerByBombayPresidencyVol8Kathiawar349D|year=1884|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press, Bombay|volume=VIII|pages=372}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Amreli district]]

{{Amreli-geo-stub}}

Rajeev Siddhartha

2026-01-24T14:27:05Z

Trevor51P0492: Put Up Some Details More To Come!

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajeev Siddhartha
| image = Rajeev Siddhartha Post Gauhar's Performance at the Royal Opera House, London 2019.jpg
| caption = Siddhartha at the Royal Opera House, Mumbai 2019.
| education = [[The Doon School]] [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|04|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dhanbad]], [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
| height = {{cvt|6|ft|0|in|order=flip}}
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Rajeev Siddhartha''' (born 11 April 1986) is an Indian actor / director His work spans productions across film, television, theatre and digital web series. Siddhartha began his career in 2007 with the film ''[[Dil Dosti Etc]]'' and received critical acclaim as Romil in [[ALTBalaji]]'s web series show ''[[Romil & Jugal]]'' in 2017.<ref name=bollywoodlife>{{cite web|last=Banerjee |first=Urmimala |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/reviews/romil-and-jugal-review-manraj-singh-and-rajeev-siddhartha-are-fabulous-in-this-heartwarming-tale-of-same-sex-relationships/ |title=Romil and Jugal Review: Manraj Singh and Rajeev Siddhartha are fabulous in this heartwarming tale of same sex relationships |publisher=Bollywoodlife.com |date=2017-04-17 |accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Siddhartha was born in Dhanbad, Jharkhand on 11 April 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=4 May 2020|title='Don't mind being objectified' : 'Hundred' and 'Four More Shots Please' actor Rajeev Siddhartha|url=https://scroll.in/reel/960724/dont-mind-being-objectified-hundred-and-four-more-shots-please-actor-rajeev-siddhartha|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tête-à-tête With Rajeev Siddhartha – The Ruling Heartthrob Of Indian Web Series' |url=https://www.dissdash.com/2020/10/05/tete-a-tete-with-rajeev-siddhartha-ruling-heartthrob-indian-web-series/ |website=Dissdash|date=5 October 2020 }}</ref> He spent his formative years in boarding schools in [[Mussoorie]] and [[Dehradun]]. He studied at [[The Doon School, Dehradun]] after which he went on to study economics at the honours level from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]. He is also an MBA graduate from Narsee Monjee Institute of Management and Higher Studies ([[NMIMS]]), Mumbai. After his MBA, Siddhartha worked for a year at an investment bank.<ref name=businessstandard>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/romil-and-jugal-shows-mirror-to-society-says-rajeev-117041300723_1.html |title='Romil And Jugal' shows mirror to society, says Rajeev | Business Standard News |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=Business-standard.com |date=2017-04-13 |accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref><ref name=bookmyshow>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/rajeev-siddhartha/32876 |title=Rajeev Siddhartha - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos | BookMyShow |publisher=In.bookmyshow.com |date= |accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref>

==Career==
Siddhartha acted in the film ''Dil Dosti Etc'' whilst in college. After completing his MBA and working at an investment bank, he took to the Mumbai theatre scene in 2011 with [[Lillete Dubey]]'s ''Adhe Adhure''. Mumbaitheatreguide.com praised his performance in the play stating, "Rajeev Siddhartha plays the son to perfection, faithfully portraying the repressed angst of the character."<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Amit |url=http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/reviews/23-adhe-adhure-review-hindi-play-drama.asp# |title=Adhe Adhure play review |website=MumbaiTheatreGuide.com}}</ref> Subsequently, he acted in the plays ''August Osage County'', ''Wedding Album'', ''The Dancing Donkey'', ''Gauhar'' and ''The Merchant of Venice''.<ref name=bookmyshow/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-mumbai/the-stage-belongs-to-all-ages/article18188818.ece |title=The stage belongs to all ages - MUMBAI |work=The Hindu |date=2017-04-22 |accessdate=2017-10-03|last1=Kumar |first1=Rinky }}</ref> His performance as Bassanio in ''The Merchant of Venice'' received mixed responses.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mumbai Mirror|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/shanta-gokhale/reflections-from-venice/articleshow/46459550.cms |title=Reflections from venice - Mumbai Mirror |publisher=Mumbai Mirror |date=2015-03-05 |accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/shylock-on-stage/article7430194.ece |title=Shylock on stage |work=The Hindu |date=2015-07-16 |accessdate=2017-10-03|last1=Bajeli |first1=Diwan Singh }}</ref> His theatre experience has extended to Cineplays (original [[Hotstar]] series),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cineplay.com/pages/cpabout.php |title=About us |publisher=CinePlay |date=2014-07-30 |accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/hotstar-brings-new-storytelling-format-with-cineplay-blending-theatre-and-cinema-1659022 |title=Hotstar Brings New Storytelling Format With CinePlay, Blending Theatre and Cinema | Technology News |publisher=Gadgets.ndtv.com |date=2017-02-13 |accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref> namely ''Adhe Adhure'' and [[Vijay Tendulkar]]'s classics ''Khamosh Adalat Jaari Hai'' and ''Kanyadaan''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVE4boNkP-8 |title=Hotstar Originals - CinePlay - Adhe Adhure |publisher=YouTube |date=2017-03-17 |accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCOpTMvXmvA |title=Khamosh Adalat Jaari Hai Trailer |publisher=YouTube |date= 17 December 2015|accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/hindi/features/khamosh-adalat-jaari-hain-50-year-old-play-on-womens-right-to-choice-still-finds-relevance/|title = 'Khamosh, Adalat Jaari Hain': 50-Year-Old Play on Women's Right to Choice Still Finds Relevance|date = 7 September 2017}}{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Simultaneously, he has essayed roles in films and TV shows: he was one of the antagonists in [[Anil Kapoor]]'s ''[[24 (Indian TV series)|24]]'' that aired on Colors in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.missmalini.com/2013/12/20/interview-24s-rajeev-siddhartha-dishes-on-working-with-anil-kapoor/#axzz4qbObf0zp |title=Interview: 24's Rajeev Siddhartha Dishes on Working With Anil Kapoor |publisher=MissMalini |date= 20 December 2013|accessdate=2017-10-03}}</ref> He has also starred in [[Subhash Kapoor]]'s [[Jolly LLB]] featuring [[Arshad Warsi]] and [[Boman Irani]]. In 2017, Siddhartha played Romil in the ALTBalaji's ''Romil and Jugal'', a same sex love story. Bollywood Life praised both Siddhartha and his co-actor Manraj saying "they prove their calibre as actors".<ref name=bollywoodlife/> He has subsequently acted in many web series including ''Four More Shots Please!'', ''Hundred'', ''Aashram'', ''Marzi'' and the Netflix original film ''Upstarts''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Rajeev Siddhartha hungry for more|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rajeev-siddhartha-hungry-for-more/cid/1711689|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=11 May 2020|title=Rajeev Siddhartha: As an actor, you should never judge your characters|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rajeev-siddhartha-four-more-shots-please-hundred-marzi-web-shows-approaching-characters-6398500/|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=18 November 2020|title=5 Characters from Aashram Chapter 2 that are simply mind blowing|url=https://www.idiva.com/entertainment/bollywood/5-characters-from-aashram-chapter-2-that-are-simply-mind-blowing/18015107|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Aashram Season 2 Review: An interesting play out of events; grimmer and sharper than before|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/aashram/season-2/seasonreview/79156371.cms|access-date=|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In January 2026, Rajeev Siddhartha confirmed his relationship with actress [[Kirti Kulhari]], his co-star from the web series ''[[Four More Shots Please!]]'', after Kulhari shared an Instagram post featuring the two, making their relationship public.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kirti Kulhari makes relationship Instagram official with Four More Shots Please co-star Rajeev Siddhartha |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kirti-kulhari-makes-relationship-instagram-official-with-four-more-shots-please-co-star-rajeev-siddhartha-10190339 |work=NDTV |date=January 2026 |access-date=24 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kirti Kulhari confirms relationship with Four More Shots Please co-star Rajeev Siddhartha |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/kirti-kulhari-confirms-relationship-with-four-more-shots-please-co-star-rajeev-siddhartha-101767322122486.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=January 2026 |access-date=24 January 2026}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Dil Dosti Etc]]''
| Rajesh Solanki
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Jolly LLB]]''
| Rahul Dewan
|
|-
| 2013
|''[[24 (Indian TV series)|24]]''
| Bala
| TV series
|-
| 2014
| ''Aadhe Adhure''
| Ashok
|
|-
| 2015
| ''Khamosh Adalat Jaari Hai''
| Karnik
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Romil & Jugal]]''
| Romil Kohli
| Web series
|-
| 2017
| ''Kanyadaan''
| Jaiprakash
|
|-
| 2018
| ''Kaushiki''
| Mrityunjay Sharma
| Web series
|-
| 2019{{ndash}}present
| ''[[Four More Shots Please!]]''
| Mihir Shah a.k.a. Mihu Pihu
| Web series
|-
| 2019
| ''Bekaaboo''
| Kiyan Roy / Gulshan
| Web series
|-
| 2019
| ''Raid''
| Rhonty Talwar
| TV movie
|-
| 2019
| ''Love''
| Ishaan
| TV movie
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Upstarts (film)|Upstarts]]''
| Veer
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Marzi (web series)|Marzi]]''
| Nitin
| Web series
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Four More Shots Please!]]''
| Mihir Shah
| Season 2 of the web series
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Hundred (TV series)|Hundred]]''
| Shantanu
| Web series
|-
| 2020{{ndash}}present
| ''[[Aashram]]''
| Akki (News Reporter)
| Web series
|-
| 2022
| ''A Cheat Day''
| Chirag
| Short film
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2024
| ''Badi Heroine Banti Hai''
| Advait Singhania
| Web series
|-
|''[[Love, Sitara]]''
|Arjun
|[[ZEE5]] Film
|-
|''[[Honeymoon Photographer]]''
| Zubin
| [[JioCinema]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3000617}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siddhartha, Rajeev}}
[[Category:Male actors from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music

2026-01-24T05:31:35Z

Trevor51P0492: starting some post basic info!

{{short description|2011 biography Nasreen Munni Kabir}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox book
| name = A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music
| image = A. R. Rahman- The Spirit of Music cover.jpg
| caption =
| author = [[Nasreen Munni Kabir]]
| country = India
| language = English
| series =
| release_number =
| subject = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| genre = Biography
| set_in =
| publisher = Om Books International
| published = 29 March 2011
| media_type = Print
| pages = 215
| isbn = 978-93-80070-14-8
| isbn_note =
| oclc = 722845483
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
}}
'''''A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music''''' is a biographical book by the author and television documentary producer [[Nasreen Munni Kabir]], containing her extensive conversations with the composer [[A. R. Rahman]] on the latter's life and career. It describes his birth in [[Madras]] (present-day Chennai) in 1967, his 29-year-long musical career, and his marriage in 1995 to Saira Banu, with whom he has three children. The book was published by Om Books International on 29 March 2011 and declared as a commercial success.

''The Spirit of Music'' was the second work on Rahman, following the unauthorised biography ''[[A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm]]'' (2009) from Kamini Mathai. Kabir's first discussion with him about the book happened in 2003, while their conversations started in 2007 and ended four years later. Critical reviews to the book were mixed, some of which panned the author for providing less detail information about his Tamil songs. However, its question-and-answer format was generally praised.

== Summary ==
The book contains [[A. R. Rahman]]'s extensive conversations with the author [[Nasreen Munni Kabir]]. It begins with his birth in [[Madras]] (present-day Chennai) in 1967. The book chronicles his cinematic debut, composing songs for ''[[Roja (1992 film)|Roja]]'' (1992), which became the first of his many collaborations with the filmmaker [[Mani Ratnam]], and his 29-year-long career in music. It also includes his conversion from [[Hinduism]] to [[Islam]], his marriage to Saira Banu in 1995 and the birth of their three children. The book ends with his discography, his list of accolades, and [[Musical note|notes]] for the 1995 film ''[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]''{{'s}} theme song and ''Roja''{{'s}} "Cry of the Rose".

== Writing and release ==
[[File:A. R. Rahman launching a book.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|[[A. R. Rahman]] (pictured) at the launch of the book in 2011]]
Nasreen Munni Kabir, who had written several books on Indian cinema throughout her career, often used the question-and-answer style for her works and ''A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music'' is one of which. In an later interviews, she stated that she found the style to be the best way to keep the book's readers "connected to the subject",{{sfn|Kumar 2011, Noteworthy encounters}} that she liked primary research and "people speaking in their own words, from their own experience" but it did not mean that narrative biographies weren't needed, rather that it was a good format due to Rahman's busy schedule.{{sfn|N. 2011, 'Working with Rahman}} Kabir had first met Rahman while interviewing him at his studio in Chennai for [[BBC]]'s [[Channel 4]] in 1999.{{sfn|Kumar 2011, Noteworthy encounters}} However, their earliest discussion on the idea of the book began in 2003, which was later met with approval from Rahman.{{sfn|N. 2011, 'Working with Rahman}}

The conversations started in 2007,{{sfn|Kabir 2011, A. R. Rahman}}:6 but Rahman states that the "actual work" began the next year. According to him, a lot of the facts in the book were already disclosed by him in other media interviews but includes some new aspects and he states that what "[Kabir] wanted to do was to have a completeness in the whole thing, and that’s what is special about [her] and what makes [the book] work."{{sfn|Jamkhandikar 2011, A minute with}} Kabir recounted that the process was slow, attributing it to his busy schedule.{{sfn|N. 2011, 'Working with Rahman}} When Rahman was not on his mood for talking, they would take a walk while Kabir asked him her questions. Describing him as spiritual, Kabir likened working with him to being on an adventure and noted how free-spirited he was.{{sfn|N. 2011, 'Working with Rahman}} She also felt Rahman was more confident when she interviewed him for the book, believing that his older age and the success of his works have influenced him.{{sfn|Kumar 2011, Noteworthy encounters}} The conversations ended in 2011.{{sfn|Kabir 2011, A. R. Rahman}}:6

''The Spirit of Music'' was published on hardcover on 29 March 2011;{{sfn|Kabir 2011, A. R. Rahman}} a [[CD]] containing Rahman's eight unreleased songs is also included in the edition.{{sfn|Jhunjhunwala 2011, Sheet music, soul}} The book's launch event was held in [[Juhu]], [[Mumbai]] on 6 April.{{sfn|N. 2011, Rahman's biography launched}} The book was the second work on Rahman, after Kamini Mathai's ''[[A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm]]'' (2009), but was the first one authorised by Rahman himself; he explained that he had not read Mathai's book so he had not authorised it either.{{sfn|Raghavan 2011, A lot's in}} Ajay Mago from Om Books International, who released ''The Spirit of Music'', told [[Bollywood Hungama]] that it was an honour for him to publish the book.{{sfn|Bollywood Hungama 2011, A. R. Rahman's}} Emerging as a commercial success, ''The Spirit of Music'' debuted at and peaked the fifth position in ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'s}} non-fiction bestsellers on 19 April.{{sfn|''The Hindu'' 2011, Bestsellers}} Its [[Amazon Kindle]] version was released on 7 July 2017,{{sfn|Kabir 2017a, A. R. Rahman}} followed by the paperback edition twelve days later.{{sfn|Kabir 2017b, A. R. Rahman}}

== Critical reception ==
Critics had given varied views on the book. Charmy Harikrishnan of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' was critical of Kabir's research on Rahman's Tamil films, dismissing it as "meagre and unsatisfactory", and added that "the way in which the Q and A has been arranged does little to give the book a structure or the narrative any kind of coherence".{{sfn|Harikrishnan 2011, Rahman recorded}} A reviewer at Bollywood Hungama suggested Kabir to divide the book in several chapters and stated "there is a distinct sense of incompleteness that one gets mid-way into reading it",{{sfn|Bollywood Hungama 2011, Book review}} while the magazine ''[[India Today]]''{{'s}} Kaveree Bamzai called it "a remarkable insight into a magical mind". Bamzai added that "Rahman is an anomaly. Sometimes the more he's written about, the less he seems revealed. Kabir's patient listening pays off. Rahman seems at ease here, talking as openly about his faith as he does about his wife."{{sfn|Bamzai 2011, Item nation}}

Writing for the Emirati newspaper ''[[Gulf News]]'', Mythily Ramachandran found the book "easy-to-read" and concise. She said it "does whet your appetite interspersed with pictures from Rahman's albums, hitherto unseen", concluding her review by praising Kabir for doing a job well done.{{sfn|Ramachandran 2011, The world dances}} The editor Jitesh Pillai of the ''[[Filmfare]]'' magazine asserted, "Trying to capture his thoughts and songscapes cannot be an easy task and Nasreen Munni Kabir ... does manage an enthusiastic job. It's in interview format and we get to know the maestro up close and personal and there are anecdotes there, priceless ones that intrigue, overwhelm and stay with you."{{sfn|Pillai 2016, Revealing Rahman}} Kala Krishnan Ramesh from [[Indiaplaza]] recommended it for those who are fans of Rahman, complimenting Kabir's thorough and perceptive questioning style.{{sfn|Ramesh 2011, Print pick}} The ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' described it as "a close, fascinating insight" on him.{{sfn|Ghosh 2011, Jai ho!}}

== Publication history ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"|Region
! scope="col"|Release date
! scope="col"|Format
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" |India
|29 March 2011
|Hardcover{{sfn|Kabir 2011, A. R. Rahman}}
|-
|7 July 2017
|[[Amazon Kindle]]{{sfn|Kabir 2017a, A. R. Rahman}}
|-
|19 July 2017
|Paperback{{sfn|Kabir 2017b, A. R. Rahman}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/a-r-rahmans-first-authorized-biography-to-release-on-april-6/ |title=A. R. Rahman's first authorized biography to release on April 6 |date=22 March 2011 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073713/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/a-r-rahmans-first-authorized-biography-to-release-on-april-6/ |archive-date=12 August 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Bollywood Hungama 2011, A. R. Rahman's}} |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20110502-a-book-film-songs-and-the-cultural-synergies-of-bollywood-745757-2011-04-22 |title=Item nation |date=2 May 2011 |work=[[India Today]] |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073830/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20110502-a-book-film-songs-and-the-cultural-synergies-of-bollywood-745757-2011-04-22 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|Bamzai 2011, Item nation}} }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/BEST-SELLERS/article14688271.ece |title=Bestsellers |date=19 April 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad, India |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210812074231/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/BEST-SELLERS/article14688271.ece |archive-date=12 August 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|''The Hindu'' 2011, Bestsellers}} |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/book-review-a-r-rahman-the-spirit-of-music/ |title=Book review: A. R. Rahman – The Spirit of Music |date=11 April 2011 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923190304/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/book-review-a-r-rahman-the-spirit-of-music/ |archive-date=23 September 2020 |ref={{Sfnref|Bollywood Hungama 2011, Book review}} |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/jai-ho/story-2KtWQH509YOvFDlyPQmWyI.html |title=Jai ho! |date=6 May 2011 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |last=Ghosh |first=Shohini |author-link=Shohini Ghosh |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210818131352/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/jai-ho/story-2KtWQH509YOvFDlyPQmWyI.html |archive-date=18 August 2021 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|Ghosh 2011, Jai ho!}} }}
* {{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/rahman-recorded/776746/0 |title=Rahman recorded |last=Harikrishnan |first=Charmy |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=16 April 2011 |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073713/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/rahman-recorded/776746/0 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Harikrishnan 2011, Rahman recorded}} |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-56221420110408 |title=A minute with: A.R. Rahman on 'The Spirit of Music' |date=9 April 2011 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073713/https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-56221420110408 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|Jamkhandikar 2011, A minute with}} }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/8FnppRgG8kp32BN8FZmyKN/Sheet-music-soul-notes.html |title=Sheet music, soul notes |date=1 April 2011 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Udita |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210812074701/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/8FnppRgG8kp32BN8FZmyKN/Sheet-music-soul-notes.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|Jhunjhunwala 2011, Sheet music, soul}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni |author-link=Nasreen Munni Kabir |title=A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music |date=29 March 2011 |location=Noida, India |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=978-93-80070-14-8 |ref={{Sfnref|Kabir 2011, A. R. Rahman}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni |title=A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music |date=7 July 2017 |publisher=Om Books International |location=Noida, India |asin=B074L8PQPK |ref={{Sfnref|Kabir 2017a, A. R. Rahman}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni |title=A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music |date=19 July 2017 |location=Noida, India |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=978-93-52761-16-6 |ref={{Sfnref|Kabir 2017b, A. R. Rahman}} }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Noteworthy-encounters/article14741564.ece |title=Noteworthy encounters |date=29 April 2011 |work=The Hindu |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210812074123/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Noteworthy-encounters/article14741564.ece |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|Kumar 2011, Noteworthy encounters}} }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-ar-rahmans-book-launch/20110407.htm |title=Rahman's biography launched |date=7 April 2011 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |last=N. |first=Patcy |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410160247/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-ar-rahmans-book-launch/20110407.htm |archive-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|N. 2011, Rahman's biography launched}} }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-nasreen-munni-kabir-on-her-book-on-rahman/20110419.htm |title='Working with Rahman is an adventure' |date=19 April 2011 |work=Rediff.com |last=N. |first=Patcy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423053426/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-nasreen-munni-kabir-on-her-book-on-rahman/20110419.htm |archive-date=23 April 2011 |access-date=14 August 2021 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|N. 2011, 'Working with Rahman}} }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/revealing-rahman-11752.html |title=Revealing Rahman |date=6 January 2016 |work=[[Filmfare]] |last=Pillai |first=Jitesh |author-link=Jitesh Pillai |access-date=18 August 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Pillai 2016, Revealing Rahman}} |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818130728/https://www.filmfare.com/features/revealing-rahman-11752.html |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/A-lots-in-a-book/article14668529.ece |title=A lot's in a book |date=3 April 2011 |work=The Hindu |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210812074009/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/A-lots-in-a-book/article14668529.ece |archive-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live |ref={{Sfnref|Raghavan 2011, A lot's in}} }}
* {{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/books/the-world-dances-to-his-tunes-1.802742 |title=The world dances to his tunes |date=6 May 2011 |work=[[Gulf News]] |last=Ramachandran |first=Mythily |access-date=18 August 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Ramachandran 2011, The world dances}} |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818130719/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/books/the-world-dances-to-his-tunes-1.802742 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/print-pick/article2293010.ece |title=Print pick |date=25 July 2011 |work=The Hindu |last=Ramesh |first=Kala Krishnan |access-date=18 August 2021 |ref={{Sfnref|Ramesh 2011, Print pick}} |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818130719/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/print-pick/article2293010.ece |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Google books|id=Nu1BCwAAQBAJ}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2011 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian biographies]]
[[Category:A. R. Rahman]]

Budiwada

2026-01-06T00:15:06Z

Trevor51P0492: post

{{refimprove |date=November 2024}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2024}}
{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2024}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Budiwada
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt = Vishvambhar Singh =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Balotra district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body =
[[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3270
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Hindi]]|[[Marwari language|Marwari]]}}
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jodhpur]], [[Balotra]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Budiwada''' is<ref>{{Cite web |title=Budiwara Village Population - Pachpadra - Barmer, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/87332-budiwara-rajasthan.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> a village in [[Pachpadra]] tehsil of [[Balotra District]] of the Indian state of Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BUDIWARA Pin Code - 344022, Balotra All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search BARMER Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/barmer/budiwara-pincode-344022.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=रेगिस्तान में किसानों की मेहनत ने लिख दी नई इबारत, राजस्थान के इस जिले में पैदा होने लगा दस अरब का अनार {{!}} Anar Ki kheti: Pomegranate Cultivation in Barmer rajasthan |url=https://www.patrika.com/barmer-news/anar-ki-kheti-pomegranate-cultivation-in-barmer-rajasthan-8797189 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Balotra district}}

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Villages in Balotra district]]
{{Jodhpurdivision-geo-stub}}

Battle of Narela

2026-01-05T19:59:18Z

Trevor51P0492: quick expanded details after review and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|1757 battle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| image =
| caption =
| partof = the [[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Afghan–Maratha conflicts]]
| conflict = Battle of Narela
| date = 16 January 1757
| place = [[Narela]], Outskirts of Delhi
| result = Durrani victory<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barua|first=Pradeep|title=The state at war in South Asia|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2005|isbn=9780803213449|pages=55|language=English}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Seal of Ahmad Shah Durrani.svg|18px]] [[Durrani Empire]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|Maratha Empire}}
| commander1 = [[Sardar Jahan Khan]]
| commander2 = Antaji Mankeshwar
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = 3,400 cavalry{{sfn|Barua|2005|p=55}}
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 100 men and horses<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Ganda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_A8AAAAMAAJ|title=Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan|date=1959|publisher=Asia Publishing House|language=en|page=158}}</ref>
| campaignbox = {{Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani}}
}}
The '''Battle of Narela''' took place on 16 January 1757, at [[Narela]], on the outskirts of Delhi, between the [[Maratha Army]] led by Antaji Mankeshwar and an army of [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]].

==Background==
[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the emperor of Afghanistan was heading towards Delhi, for yet another invasion. The Marathas had signed a treaty with the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal Emperor]] in 1752 to give him protection from the foreign invader. The [[Peshwa|Maratha Peshwa]] had appointed Antaji Mankeshwar along with 50,000 strong Maratha force to guard the emperor. However, the Maratha troops were called back by the [[Peshwa]] for the [[Deccan]] operations. As a result, most of the Maratha force left Delhi leaving behind some 3,400 troops under [[Antaji Mankeshwar]].<ref name="Barua, p. 55">[[#Ba|Barua, p. 55]]</ref><ref name="ad">[[#Me|Mehta, p. 224]]</ref>

==Battle==
The small garrison of Marathas along with the forces of [[Imad-ul-Mulk]] and [[Najib-ud-daula]] had the responsibility to guard the Mughal capital from Durrani. Antaji was asked to move along with his contingent along the road towards [[Karnal]] to check the progress of the Afghan invader. The Marathas and Afghans collided in a fierce battle in [[Narela]], on the outskirts of Delhi.<ref name="Barua, p. 55"/><ref name="ad"/>

==Aftermath==
Later at night, [[Antaji Mankeshwar|Antaji]] was returning from Narela when his troops were intercepted by a huge army on the outskirts of Delhi in the night of 16–17 January.
The Marathas were completely taken by surprise, but they fought desperately and hurriedly retreated towards [[Faridabad]], 30 km from Delhi with heavy losses. The next day, it became known that the unidentified foe who had treacherously lead a surprise attack on the Marathas, the night before was [[Najib-ud-daula]], a courtier of the Mughal emperor. Najib betrayed the emperor and his [[Vizier|wazir]] at the most critical time and moved out of Delhi with his 20,000 well equipped troops to join the invader's camp. As a result, Abdali entered Delhi with Najib-ud-Daula on 28 January 1757, and taken to the [[Red Fort]] unopposed by the Mughal Emperor in humility. The Mughal Emperor was arrested and Najib was put in charge of the administration of Delhi.<ref name=ad/><ref>[[#Sa|Sarkar, p. 62]]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|year=2005|isbn=1-932705-54-6|page=225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&q=Narela&pg=PA225|ref=Me}}
* Robinson, Howard; James Thomson Shotwell (1922). "Mogul Empire and the Marathas". The Development of the British Empire. Houghton Mifflin. p. 134.
* {{cite book|title=The State at War in South Asia|chapter=Marathas at Panipat|author=Pradeep P. Barua|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2005|isbn=0803213441|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&q=Battle+of+Narela+1757&pg=PA55|ref=Ba}}
* {{cite book|title=Fall of the Mughal Empire, Vol. 2|author=Jadunath Sarkar|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar|publisher=M. C. Sarkar|year=1966|ref=Sa}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{coord missing|Delhi}}

[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Narela]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Durrani Empire|Narela]]
[[Category:1757 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1757|Narela]]
[[Category:1750s in the Durrani Empire]]

Madurkathi

2025-12-31T11:31:05Z

Trevor51P0492: fixes

{{short description|Reed-woven mats made in Bengal, India}}

{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Madurkathi
| image = Madur Logo Registered for GI.png
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names = মাদুরকাঠি
| description = Handicrafts
| type = Handicrafts
| area = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 28 March 2018
| material =
| official website = {{URL|http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/567|ipindiaservices.gov.in}}}}
'''Madurkathi''' mats, or ''madur'', are mats woven in [[West Bengal]] from a reed called ''madur kottir'', or ''madurkathi'', a sedge of the family [[Cyperaceae]]. ''Madur'' mat-making is a long-standing tradition, centred on the Medinipur district, and is an important part of the [[rural economics|rural economy]]. The mats are woven mainly by weavers of the [[Mahishya]] caste, and predominantly by women. This cottage industry contributes significantly to village household income.<ref name="Jana & Puste">{{Cite journal|last1=Jana|first1=Kalyan|last2=Puste|first2=Am|date=April 2014|title=Madur Kathi – An Important Economic Non-food Crop of West Bengal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279485980 |journal=Asian Agri-History |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=145–151}}</ref><ref name="Biswa Bangla">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biswabangla.in/handicraft-natural-fiber/2016/6/4/madurkathi|title=Madurkathi|website=Biswa Bangla|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-11|archive-date=2018-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214080450/http://www.biswabangla.in/handicraft-natural-fiber/2016/6/4/madurkathi|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In [[Bengal]], the word ''madur'' is used as a generic term for floor mats, although it designates mats woven from a specific type of reed.<ref name="Naturally Bengal">{{cite web |url=http://www.naturallybengal.com/?craft=madur |title= Madur, Bengal's Best Traditional Mats |last= Naturally Bengal |website=www.naturallybengal.com |publisher=Naturally Bengal, India |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref> Mats are an integral part of the social fabric of rural Bengal, and Madurkathi mats are popularly used to sit on and as bedding. The mats are non-conductive and sweat-absorbing, making them an essential household item in West Bengal's hot and humid climate. These mats are also used for religious purposes.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/>

On March 28, 2018, [[Indian Patent Office]] granted the [[Government of West Bengal]] a [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication]] (GI) Tag for madurkathi, under registration no. 567 in respect of handicrafts. The application for registration of madurkathi was filed by the Government's West Bengal Khadi & Village Industry Board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1072815d-a549-4493-8c39-f1513d5cbe13|title=India: Madurkathi of West Bengal Gets a Geographical Indication (GI) Tag {{!}} Lexology|website=www.lexology.com|date=24 April 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-12-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/bengals-chau-mask-acquires-gi-fame/article24028259.ece|title=Bengal's Chau mask acquires GI fame|last=Singh|first=Shiv Sahay|date=2018-05-30|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-11|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== History ==
Mat-weaving in India dates back to the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wbkvib.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=470:madur-kathi&catid=56:projects&Itemid=37|title=MADUR KATHI : MAT WEAVING, DATES BACK TO THE INDUS VALLEY|website=www.wbkvib.org.in|access-date=2018-12-11}}</ref> Its socio-cultural relevance is evidenced by references in ancient literature, including the [[Atharvaveda|Atharva Veda]], the ''[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]'', and the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/> Its historical significance is also reflected in Indian folklore, in which the saints were offered grass mats to sit on.

Records from the [[Middle Ages|Medieval Period]] provide the first information about mat-weaving in the region of Bengal, with both ordinary and fine quality mats being produced.

The finest quality of mat, the ''masland'', derives its name from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word ''masnad'', which means throne.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The arts of Bengal and Eastern India|publisher=Craft council of lndia|year=1982}}</ref> ''Masland'' mats originated in the Muslim period, when the finest mats were produced in Medinipur with a silk weft, under the patronage of the royal community of that time.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/> The Medinipur district village of Maslandpur, located close to Tamluk subdivision, probably takes its name from the ''masland'' mat.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Art-Manufactures of lndia|last=Mukherji|first=T.N.|publisher=NAYARANG|year=1888|location=New Delhi|pages=310}}</ref>

Mats were collected as revenue under the ''[[Jagir|jaigirdari]]'' system. In 1744, [[Alivardi Khan|Nawab Alibardi Khan]] issued a charter to the ''jaigirdars'' in this regard. As a result, it was obligatory to supply ''masland'' mats for use in the collectorate. Permanent markets for mats were established in [[Midnapore|Medinipur]].<ref name="Jana & Puste"/> [[Kasijora]] and [[Narajole|Narajol]] were the two most important centers of fine ''masland'' mat-weaving during this period.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/><ref>{{Cite book|title=A Statistical account of Bengal-Medinipur|last=W.W. Hunter|year=1876|pages=142}}</ref> Ordinary mats were also produced.

Government officials in the British period observed that a large number of ''masland'' mats were manufactured in Medinipur. According to a census report of 1872, there were 618 skilled workers engaged in mat-making in the district of Medinipur, where mats were one of the principle articles of trade.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Statistical account of Bengal-Medinipur|last=W.W. Hunter|year=1876|pages=143}}</ref> 448,300 mats were reportedly manufactured in 1907-1908.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bengal District Gazetteer-Medinipur|last=O'Malley L.S.S.|publisher=Govt. of West Bengal|year=1995|pages=152}}</ref> Records of the British Raj show that, at the beginning of the 20th century, the price of ''masland'' mats was 100 [[Indian rupee]]s (INR) or more.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Bengal District Gazetteer-Medinipur|last=O'Malley|publisher=Govt. of West Bengal|year=1995|location=Calcutta}}</ref> The finest quality mats at that time were made at Raghunathbari, Kasijora, and Narajol in Medinipur.

== Types ==
The weavers, mainly [[Mahishya]]s, make three types of mat:<ref name="Jana & Puste"/>
* ''ekh-rokha'', or single mat
* ''do-rokha'', or double mat
* ''masland''
Ekh-rokha is a light, thin madur mat. ''Do-rokha'' is a heavier and thicker mat, superior to ''ak rokha'' in terms of comfort and convenience. The third type, ''masland'', is a textured mat featuring decorative patterning, and is the finest and most expensive of the three.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/>

Madurkathi have also been used to make a variety of decorative and functional items, including door curtains, sleeping mats, [[tiffin]]-carriers, and handbags.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/><ref name="Biswa Bangla"/><ref name="Naturally Bengal"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Typical mat specifications
|-
! scope="col" | Size !! scope="col" | Large !! scope="col" | Medium !! scope="col" | Small
|-
|- style="text-align: center;"
! scope="row" | Height
| {{convert|45x50|in|cm|abbr=on}} || {{convert|18x12|in|cm|abbr=on}} || {{convert|5x6|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|-
|- style="text-align: center;"
! scope="row" | Weight
| 5 kg || 2 kg || 1 kg
|}

Mats may be made in a variety of patterns. The designs are self-colored, using variation in the natural reed, and can also incorporate dyed reed patterning in black and magenta.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/>
[[File:Cyperus alternifolius 2.jpg|thumb|Madurkathi]]

== {{anchor|Cultivation of Madur Kathi}}Madurkathi cultivation ==
The raw material used to make ''madur'' mats is a [[Cyperaceae|sedge]] of the genus ''[[Cyperus]]'': ''Cyperus pangorei'' (formerly ''Cyperus tegetum'').<ref name="Properties of mat sedge">{{cite journal |last1=Benazir |first1=J. Fathima |last2=Manimekalai |first2=Venugopal |last3=Ravichandran |first3=Perumal |last4=Ramasamy |first4=Suganthi |date=May 2010 |title=Properties of fibres/culm strands from mat sedge—Cyperus pangorei Rottb |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233540420 |journal=Bioresources |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=951–967 |access-date=27 May 2019 }}</ref> Known locally as madurkathi, it grows on marshy land, thriving in southern and eastern India including in the area of Medinipur.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/>

The frequent flooding around Medinipur makes many areas unsuitable for crop cultivation. Grass, sedges and reeds provide a viable alternative for the region's farmers. As a result, cultivation of madurkathi grass and the weaving of Madur mats has become an important part of the local household economy.{{cn|date=July 2019}}

== {{anchor|Details Mat weaving}}Mat production ==

=== Weaving ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 320

| image1 = Babool (Acacia nilotica) trunk at Hodal W IMG 1252.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = [[Vachellia nilotica|Babla tree]] bark

| image2 = Harra (Terminalia chebula) hanging fruit at 23 Mile, Duars, WB W IMG 5902.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[Terminalia chebula|Haritaki fruit]]

| footer = Babla fruit and bark and haritaki fruit produce black dye
}}
The ''ekh-rokha madur'' is the simplest of the three types of mat (''ekh-rokha'', ''do-rokha'', and ''masland''). It is produced on a simple bamboo-frame loom, using cotton thread as the warp and single reeds as the weft. The ''du-rokha'' is more complex, with a double-reed weft, and requires greater skill to produce. ''Masland'' mats are the finest products, requiring the greatest accuracy and experience to weave.<ref name="Jana & Puste"/>

''Masland'' mats are made with superior quality madurkathi. At least two people are required to weave these mats. One person places the reeds from left to right, alternately laying one thread on top and the next underneath. The second person repeats this from right to left. When they reach the edge, the threads are turned and the process is continued. The ''masland'' mat weaving process is very similar to the technique used to weave [[sari]]s.<ref name="Naturally Bengal"/>

Popular ''masland'' mat designs include flowers, [[honeycomb]] patterns (''mouchak''), rhomboidal motifs (''barfi''), and ''jharna''.<ref name="Naturally Bengal"/>

=== Colouring ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 320

| image1 = Urucum (bixa orellana) seeds.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Seeds for red pigment

| image2 = Bixa orellana with fruits in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1456.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Rang gach (annatto) tree

| footer = Reddish dye is made from the ''rang gach'' (''Bixa orellana'')
}}
The natural colouring of the reeds is used to weave geometric designs, creating a subtle pattern in the finished mat. Madurs are traditionally made using vegetable dyes only. Naturally sourced maroon or black vegetable dyes may be used for further decoration on mat borders.

Black dye is produced using haritaki fruit (''[[Terminalia chebula]]''), and the fruit and bark of the babla tree (''[[Vachellia nilotica]]'').<ref name="Naturally Bengal"/>

Reddish dye is made from the seeds of the Achiote, or annatto tree (''[[Bixa orellana]]''), native to Latin America but introduced to India by trade in the 16th and 17th centuries and cultivated mainly as a source of dye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/9242#C19AC032-9D96-488E-BE68-7972662568B4|title=Invasive Species Compendium Datasheet Bixa Orellana (annatto) |publisher=CAB International |date=30 April 2019 |website=www.asiantextilestudies.com |access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref> In West Bengal, the tree is known as ''rang gach''.<ref name="Naturally Bengal"/>

Before dyeing, mat sticks are tightly bound with palm leaves at the places where natural colour will be retained. The bundles are placed in containers filled with dye powder and cold water, which are then boiled. Boiling time differs according to the colour: 10 hours for black, and 24 hours for the reddish dye. The dyed mat sticks are sun-dried before being used for weaving.<ref name="Naturally Bengal"/>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Geographical indications in West Bengal}}
{{Culture of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Geographical indications in West Bengal]]

Ambalal Sakarlal Desai

2025-12-31T07:57:25Z

Trevor51P0492: starting a page from scratch

{{short description|Indian writer, translator, lexicographer, and judge (1844–1914)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
[[File:Ambalal_Sakarlal_Desai.jpg|thumb]]
'''Ambalal Sakarlal Desai''' (25 March 1844 – 12 September 1914) was a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] writer, translator, lexicographer, and judge from [[British Raj|British India]].

Desai was born in Alina near [[Nadiad]] in Kheda district in a [[Brahmakshatriya]] family<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District 1917-1934 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1981 |pages=60}}</ref> and was one of the first Gujarati students to graduate from [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]], receiving an MA and LLB (1870) after which he worked as a teacher. In 1876 he became a judge at Baroda and in his spare time he edited a periodical against [[child marriage]] called ''Bal-Lagna Nishedh Patrika''. In 1889 he became chief justice and was decorated [[Dewan Bahadur|Diwan Bahadur]] in 1900. He worked for Indian industrialists, supporting the [[Swadeshi movement]], and supported women's education. He wrote what has been considered as the first original Gujarati short story ''Shantidas'' (1900).<ref>{{cite book| page=1305|publisher=Sahitya Akademi |editor=Choudhuri, Indra Nath|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Volume II|year=2011|isbn=9788126030804}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| url= https://archive.org/details/history-of-gujarati-literature/page/94/mode/1up|page=94| author=Jhaveri, Mansukhlal|author-link=Mansukhlal Jhaveri| publisher=Sahitya Akademi| place= New Delhi|title= History of Gujrati Literature| year= 1978}}</ref>

Ambalal was a [[Brahmakshatriya]]. He was involved in the [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]], [[Gujarat Vernacular Society]], [[Indian National Congress]], and [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Isaka |first=Riho |title=Language, Identity, and Power in Modern India: Gujarat, c. 1850-1960 |publisher=Routledge |year=2022 |pages=59}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Thakore |first=Balwantray |author-link=Balwantray Thakore |title=Ambalalbhai |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.409684/ |year=1928 |language=gu}}

== External links ==
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}
* [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.78282 Arthashastra] (1875, translated by Desai)
* [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.412096 Shantidas] (1900, in Gujarati)

{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Ambalal Sakarlal}}
[[Category:1844 births]]
[[Category:1914 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:People from Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian lexicographers]]
[[Category:19th-century lexicographers]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]

Baazi Ishq Ki

2025-12-27T19:11:31Z

Trevor51P0492: starting first details more to come!

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Baazi-Ishq-Ki.jpg
| caption = Official Poster
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]] [[Romantic Thriller]]
| creator = [[Yash A Patnaik]]
| based_on = 
| developer =
| screenplay = Manoj Tiwari Garima Goyal Gurmeet Kaur Udayan '''Dialogues''' Sonali Gupta Srivastava
| story = Mamta Patnaik
| director = Atif Khan Ajay Kumar
| starring = {{ubl|[[Puneett Chouksey]]|Khushbu Tiwari|Tina Philip}}
| theme_music_composer = Ripul Sharma
| open_theme = "Baazi Ishq Ki"
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 144
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Yash A Patnaik]]
| cinematography = Nithin Valandey
| editor =
| camera = Multi-Camera 
| runtime = 22-24 minutes
| company = Beyond Dreams Entertainment [[Inspire Films]]
| network = [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|03|27}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2023|09|09}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
}}
'''''Baazi Ishq Ki''''' ({{Translation|Bet On Love}}) is an Indian Hindi-language romance, thriller television series that premiered on 27 March 2023 on [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Baazi Ishq Ki {{!}} बाज़ी इश्क़ की {{!}} New Show Promo {{!}} Coming soon {{!}} Dangal TV | date=8 March 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQOIVOkg8hk |access-date=2023-05-16 |language=en}}</ref> It starred [[Puneett Chouksey]], Khushbu Tiwari and Tina Philip. This show was produced by [[Yash A Patnaik]] and Mamta Patnaik under the banner of Beyond Dreams Entertainment and [[Inspire Films]]. It went off air on 9 September 2023.

==Plot==
{{No plot|date=May 2023}}
Mehak Mishra's life changes when a mysterious yet charismatic man Ekansh Agnivanshi enters her life. Ekansh was keeping tabs on Mehak for a long time for his own purpose. When he learns of Mehak's fiancé, he kills him. Later Ekansh asks for Mehak's hand. After marriage Mehak learns that Ekansh has a mysterious past and he was married before to a girl named Palak. Later it turns out that her own sister Niharika was Ekansh's first wife. Niharika changed her name to Palak when she married Ekansh. Now everyone's lives are entangled in each other.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dangalplay.com/shows/baazi-ishq-ki|title=BAAZI ISHQ KI Hindi Drama Romance Thriller|access-date=2023-07-24}}</ref> The whole Agnivanshi family excluding Sunita, Rani and Ekansh die in a fire in a hotel caused by Sunita.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Puneett Chouksey]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Pillay |first=Neolin |date=2023-06-16 |title=Yash Patnaik's Baazi Ishq Ki actor Puneett Chouksey opens up |url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/indian-tv-news/2023/06/yash-patnaiks-baazi-ishq-ki-actor-puneett-chouksey-opens-up/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Urban Asian |language=en-US}}</ref> as Ekansh Agnivanshi: Sunita's stepson; Mehak and Kajal's husband; Palak's ex–husband; Trisha's widower (2023)
** Riyansh Ayer as Child Ekansh Agnivanshi (2023)
* Khushbu Tiwari as Mehak Mishra Agnivanshi: Niharika / Palak's younger sister; Vandana's younger daughter; Ekansh's second wife (2023)
* Tina Philip<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-09-05 |title=Exclusive - Tina Philip: Baazi Ishq Ki's USP lies in its gripping storyline, powerful character and the way it explores the complexities of love and relationships |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-tina-philip-baazi-ishq-kis-usp-lies-in-its-gripping-storyline-powerful-character-and-the-way-it-explores-the-complexities-of-love-and-relationships/articleshow/103405432.cms |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Baazi Ishq Ki goes in for a six-month time leap; Tina Philip to play the new protagonist |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/baazi-ishq-ki-goes-in-for-a-six-month-time-leap-tina-philip-to-play-the-new-protagonist/articleshow/102717049.cms |access-date=2023-08-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Dr. Kajal Sharma / Dr. Kajal Ekansh Agnivanshi: A consulting psychiatrist; Rajesh and Asha's daughter; Omkar's younger sister; Ekansh's fourth wife (2023)

===Recurring===
* Surabhi Das / Aditi Rawat<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-15 |title=I am excited about playing the antagonist for the first time, says Aditi Rawat who has joined Baazi Ishq Ki |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-am-excited-about-playing-the-antagonist-for-the-first-time-says-aditi-rawat-who-has-joined-baazi-ishq-ki/articleshow/101787506.cms |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Trisha: Rani's younger sister; Ekansh's third wife and one sided obsessive lover (2023) / (2023) (Dead)
* [[Ritu Chaudhary]] as Sunita Agnivanshi: Ekansh's stepmother; Pushpa and Alok's elder sister (2023)
* [[Jyotsna Chandola]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Jyotsna Chandola: While I would love to play the protagonist, I don't regret turning negative on TV |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jyotsna-chandola-while-i-would-love-to-play-the-protagonist-i-dont-regret-turning-negative-on-tv/articleshow/100210505.cms |access-date=2023-05-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-20 |title=Jyothsna Channdola exits Baazi Ishq Ki, calls it her shortest stint ever |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jyothsna-channdola-exits-baazi-ishq-ki-calls-it-her-shortest-stint-ever/articleshow/101992570.cms |access-date=2023-12-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Palak Agnivanshi / Niharika Mishra: Mehak's elder sister; Vandana's elder daughter; Ekansh's first wife (2023)
* Arham Abbasi as Viren Agnivanshi: Sunita's elder son; Ekansh's elder stepbrother; Dhruv's elder cousin (2023) (Dead)
* Farah Lakhani as Rani Agnivanshi: Trisha's elder sister; Viren's widow (2023) (Dead)
* Meenakshi Mini as Tara Agnivanshi: Sunita's foster daughter; Meena's biological daughter (2023) (Dead)
* Gaurav Jain as Dhruv Agnivanshi: Narendra and Meena's son; Ekansh and Viren's younger cousin (2023)
* Mamata Solanki as Meena Agnivanshi: Narendra's wife; Dhruv and Tara's mother; Ekansh's aunt (2023) (Dead)
* Puneet Panjwani as Narendra Agnivanshi: Meena's husband; Dhruv's father; Ekansh's uncle (2023) (Dead)
* Rakesh Mudgal as Avdesh: Ekansh's paternal uncle "fufaji"; Jayanti's husband; Tara's biological father (2023) (Dead)
* Neetu Pandey as Vandana Mishra: Mehak and Niharika (Palak)'s mother (2023)
* Devashish Chandiramani as Vikram Agnivanshi: Ekansh's younger cousin (2023) (Dead)
* Shahab Khan as Rajesh Sharma: Asha's husband; Omkar and Kajal's father (2023)
* Sharmila Goenka as Asha Rajesh Sharma: Rakesh's wife; Omkar and Kajal's mother (2023)
* Afzaal Khan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Afzaal Khan talks about working in show Baazi Ishq Ki |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/afzaal-khan-talks-about-working-in-show-baazi-ishq-ki-537237 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> as Alok: Sunita and Pushpa's younger brother; Chanda's husband; Ekansh's step maternal uncle (2023) (Dead)
* [[Melissa Pais]] as Chanda: Alok's wife; Ekansh's step maternal aunt "mami" (2023) (Dead)
* Alok Shaw
* Sai Ranade as Pushpa: Sunita's younger sister; Alok's elder sister; Ekansh's step maternal aunt "masi" (2023)
* Lovish Saini as Omkar Sharma: Rajesh and Asha's son; Kajal's elder brother (2023)

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Baazi Ishq Ki
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Soumee Sailsh
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance (music)|Romance]] [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 3:01
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = Enterr10 Television Network
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Tracklisting
| total_length = 2:00
| title1 = Baazi Ishq Ki<ref>{{Citation |title=Baazi Ishq Ki {{!}} Song Out Now {{!}} Dangal TV {{!}} Title Track {{!}} बाज़ी इश्क़ की Dangal TV | date=5 April 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OngfrY9Rjyk |access-date=2023-05-16 |language=en}}</ref>
| note1 =
| extra1 =
| length1 =
}}
==See also==
*[[List of Hindi thriller shows]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|27204227}}

[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Dangal TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian mystery television series]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]

1982 in Kerala

2025-12-10T06:46:52Z

Trevor51P0492: starting basic page more to come!

{{Year in Kerala}}Events in the year '''1982''' in '''Kerala'''.

== Incumbents ==
[[List of governors of Kerala|'''Governor of Kerala''']] -

* [[Jothi Venkatachalam]] - till October
* [[P. Ramachandran]] - from October

[[List of chief ministers of Kerala|'''Chief ministers of Kerala''']] –

* [[K. Karunakaran]]

== Events ==

* 5 March - [[A. K. Saseendran]] moves resolution to remove [[Speaker of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Speaker of the Legislative Assembly]] [[A. C. Jose]] who exercised [[Casting vote]] eight times to save minority government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business- Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/bus_3_2.htm |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Balan |first=Rakesh Mehar,Saritha S. |date=2017-06-19 |title=Kerala Chronicles: How an Assembly Speaker kept a Congress govt afloat for 3 months in 1982 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/features/kerala-chronicles-how-assembly-speaker-kept-congress-govt-afloat-3-months-1982-63902 |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
* 17 March - [[Kerala]] placed in [[President's rule]] following [[Lonappan Nambadan]] withdrawing support to [[Second Karunakaran ministry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=March 18, 1982, Forty Years Ago: Union Rule In Kerala |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-union-rule-in-kerala-7825172/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 1 April - [[Governor of Kerala]] inaugurates [[Government Medical College, Thrissur]] as the fifth medical college in state.
* 5 April - A meeting named ''Visala Hindu Sammelam'' in [[Ernakulam]] presided by [[Rajendra Singh (RSS)|Rajendra Singh]] and [[Chinmayananda Saraswati]] declare [[Karkidakam]] as [[Ramayana]] month.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kuttoor |first=Radhakrishnan |date=2019-07-17 |title=How Karkidakam got its ‘holy’ tag |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/how-karkidakam-got-its-holy-tag/article28526420.ece |access-date=2025-12-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-13 |title=CPM’s ‘epic’ experiment comes full circle |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cpms-epic-experiment-comes-full-circle/articleshow/64970057.cms |access-date=2025-12-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* 19 May - [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]] held and for the first time in [[India]] [[Electronic voting in India|Electronic voter machine]] introduced in [[Paravur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopakumar |first=K. C. |date=2021-03-06 |title=EVMs were used first time in Kerala in 50 booths in 1982 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/evms-were-used-first-time-in-kerala-in-50-booths-in-1982/article34005923.ece |access-date=2025-12-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 3 September - A [[Vypin alcohol poisonings|hooch tragedy]] in [[Vypin]] claims 78 lives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: Another hooch tragedy in Kerala, toll 29 |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/oct/23ker.htm |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=M. P. |date=2022-09-01 |title=Vypeen hooch tragedy turns 40 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/vypeen-hooch-tragedy-turns-40/article65835818.ece |access-date=2025-12-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 1 November - [[Pathanamthitta district]] formed as thirteenth district of state following pact between [[K. Karunakaran]] and [[Kulappurakkal Karunakaran Nair|K.K. Nair MLA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2013-02-08 |title=K K Nair passes away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/Feb/08/k-k-nair-passes-away-448677.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 28-29 December - Clashes between [[Muslims]] and [[Kerala Police]] in [[Alappuzha]] following a [[Mawlid|Eid-Milad rally]] related scuffle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=2013-07-30 |title=Rampaging mobs take over Trivandrum two days after police firing in Alleppey |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19830131-rampaging-mobs-take-over-trivandrum-two-days-after-police-firing-in-alleppey-770393-2013-07-30 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* 30 December - Communal violence and riots in various parts of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1983-02-12 |title=KERALA-Political Backdrop to Trivandrum Riots {{!}} Economic and Political Weekly |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1983/7/our-correspondent-columns/kerala-political-backdrop-trivandrum-riots.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.epw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=J. |first=O. |date=1983 |title=Political Backdrop to Trivandrum Riots |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4371842 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=209–211 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>
* 31 December - Police firing at [[Mattancherry]] against rioters following communal clashes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police opened fire today on a rioting mob in... - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/12/31/Police-opened-fire-today-on-a-rioting-mob-in/7928410158800/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref>

== Dates unknown ==

* [[P. Parameswaran]] establishes [[Hindutva]] [[think tank]] Bharatiya Vichara Kendram in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].
* March - [[Religious violence]] in various parts of [[Kanyakumari district]] between [[Christians]] and [[Hindus]] such as [[Mandaikadu]].
* [[Left Democratic Front]] and [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] stabilizes as coalition fronts.

== Birth ==

* 15 February - [[Meera Jasmine]], actress.
* 8 August- [[Fahadh Faasil]], actor.
* 16 October - [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], actor.

== Deaths ==
* 5 May - [[Accamma Cherian]], politician (b.1909)
* 6 August - [[S.K. Pottekkatt]], writer (b.1913)

== See also ==

* [[History of Kerala]]
* [[1982 in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:1980 in India]]
[[Category:Years in Kerala]]
[[Category:1980s in Kerala]]

T. Narasapuram

2025-12-05T02:59:23Z

Trevor51P0492: adjust content per standard format and corrected details to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = T. Narasapuram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
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| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|06|13|N|81|04|41|E|region:IN_type:city_source:kolossus-tewiki|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = T. Narasapuram
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 20
| population_total = 8836
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="IndiaGrowing">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiagrowing.com/Andhra_Pradesh/West_Godavari/T_Narasapuram/T-narasapuram | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727232136/http://www.indiagrowing.com/Andhra_Pradesh/West_Godavari/T_Narasapuram/T-narasapuram | url-status=usurped | archive-date=27 July 2014 | title=T.narasapuram | publisher=India Growing | work=indiagrowing.com | accessdate=23 July 2014 }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 534467
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08823
| registration_plate = AP-37
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''T. Narasapuram''' is a village in [[Eluru district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in West Godavari district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/westgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=8 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208134347/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/westgodavari.pdf|archivedate=8 February 2015|format=PDF}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Eluru district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Santhabommali

2025-12-03T07:58:55Z

Trevor51P0492: started new biography added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santha Bommali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
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| image_skyline =
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| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position =
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
| established_title = 
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| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Santha Bommali
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| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 532195
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP30 (Former)]] AP39 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New ‘AP 39’ code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203234146/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2019 |accessdate=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Srikakulam
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Tekkali]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Santhabommali''' is a village in [[Srikakulam district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mandal wise list of villages in Srikakulam district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/srikakulam.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=6 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208022139/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Srikakulam.pdf|archivedate=8 December 2014|format=PDF}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} [[Indian census]], the demographic details of Santhabommali mandal is as follows:<ref>[http://ourvillageindia.org/Place.aspx?PID=14141 Santhabommali mandal at Our Village India.org]</ref>
* Total Population: 64,845 in 14,585 Households
* Male Population: 32,198 and Female Population: 32,647
* Children Under 6-years of age: 9,171 (Boys - 4,595 and Girls - 4,576)
* Total Literates: 27,166

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|18|31|38|N|84|09|11|E|region:IN_type:city_source:kolossus-tewiki|display=title}}
{{Mandal headquarters in Srikakulam district}}

[[Category:Villages in Srikakulam district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Srikakulam district]]

Seshadri

2025-12-02T15:10:32Z

Trevor51P0492:

{{wikt|Seshadri}}
'''Seshadri''' or '''Sheshadri''' is an [[Indian name]]. Seshadri refers to [[Sesha]], the [[dasa]] of [[Lord Vishnu]], in the [[Vaishnava]] tradition of [[Hinduism]]. Seshadri refers to [[Shesha|Sesha]], the Snake and Adri the mountain; also name of one of the seven mountains in Tirupati while we cross and reach the main mountain.

Notable people with the name include:
* [[C. S. Seshadri]] (1932–2020), Indian mathematician
* [[Ganesh]] Seshadri, known as 'Bid', singer of British [[post punk]] group [[The Monochrome Set]]
* [[Haricharan|Haricharan Seshadri]] (born 1987), Indian singer
* [[Janamanchi Seshadri Sarma]] (1882–1950), Telugu poet
* [[K. Seshadri Iyer]] (1845–1901), advocate who served as the Dewan of [[Mysore]]
* [[Kartik Seshadri]] (born 1957), [[sitar]]ist, composer and teacher
* [[Meenakshi Seshadri]] (born 1963), Indian film actress
* [[Nambirajan Seshadri]] (born 1962), Indian-American Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
* [[P. Sheshadri]] (born 1963), Kannada filmmaker and director
* [[Shekhar Sheshadri]], Indian psychiatrist, brother of Meenakshi Seshadri
* [[Seshadri Srinivasa Ayyangar]], Indian lawyer, politician and [[freedom fighter]]
* [[Seshadri Swamigal]] (1870–1929), Indian saint
* [[Vijay Seshadri]] (born 1954), Brooklyn-based poet, essayist and [[literary critic]]

==Other uses==
* Seshadri, one of the seven hills of the [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]
* [[Seshadri constant]], in algebraic geometry is an invariant of an ample line bundle L at a point P on an algebraic variety
* [[Seshadripuram]], residential locality in the central part of the city of [[Bengaluru]]
* [[Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan]], group of schools located in [[Chennai]], India

==See also==
* [[Seshagiri (disambiguation)|Seshagiri]]

{{given name}}

Aladagudde

2025-11-25T12:20:17Z

Trevor51P0492: general update structure for accuracy and updated info

{{moresources|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Aladagudde
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Chikmagalur in Karnataka (India).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aladagudde is in Chikkamagaluru District
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chikkamagaluru district|Chikkamagaluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts = Chikkamagaluru
| government_type =
| governing_body = Village Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Chikkamagaluru
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Village Panchayat
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Aladagudde ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Village/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx |title=Census of India : List of Villages Alphabetical Order > Karnataka |work=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161209/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Village/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx |archivedate=2011-07-21 }} , Census Village code= 1407700</ref><ref name="yahoomaps">{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com |title=Yahoo! maps India : |accessdate=2009-04-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082545/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/ |archivedate=18 December 2008 }} Aladagudde, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka</ref> It is located in the [[Chikkamagaluru]] [[Taluk]] of [[Chikkamagaluru District]] in Karnataka.

==See also==
* [[Chikkamagaluru]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.chickmagalur.nic.in/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213193912/http://www.chickmagalur.nic.in/ |date=13 December 2016 }}

{{Settlements in Chikkamagaluru district}}

{{coord|13|16|N|75|43|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Villages in Chikmagalur district]]

{{Chikkamagaluru-geo-stub}}