Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force

2026-06-01T12:54:19Z

Timesofmillionaire:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}

This is a list of '''serving marshals''' of the [[Indian Air Force]].

== Chief of Defence Staff ==

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|[[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] (also [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]], [[Department of Military Affairs]])*
|[[Air Chief Marshal]]
|Presently tenanted by an {{Army|India}} Officer
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2026 |title=General NS Raja Subramani assumes charge as Chief of Defence Staff & Secretary, Department of Military Affairs |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2267339&reg=3&lang=1 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Rotational appointment among the [[Indian Armed Forces]].

== Chief of the Air Staff ==
The [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] is the only serving [[Four-star rank|Four Star]] Air Officer in the [[Indian Air Force]].
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]]
|[[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]]
|[[Amar Preet Singh]]
|[[File:Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh - 2024.jpg|168x168px]]
|[[PVSM]], [[AVSM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Marshal AP Singh Takes Over As New Air Force Chief |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/air-marshal-amar-preet-singh-takes-over-as-new-air-force-chief-6682756 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|}

== Vice Chief of the Air Staff ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|[[Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Air Staff]]
|[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
|[[Nagesh Kapoor]]
|[[File:Air Marshal Nagesh Kapoor, VCAS.jpg|170x170px]]
|[[Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal|SYSM]], [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2026 |title=AIR MARSHAL NAGESH KAPOOR SYSM PVSM AVSM VM TAKES OVER AS VICE CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF, INDIAN AIR FORCE |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2210450&reg=3&lang=2 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>
|}

== Air Commanders (Commander-in-Chief grade) ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|{{center|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Central Air Command, Indian Air Force|Central Air Command]]}}
|rowspan="11"|[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
|Tarun Chaudhry
|
|[[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2267533&reg=3&lang=1 |title=AIR MARSHAL TARUN CHAUDHRY ASSUMES THE APPOINTMENT OF AIR OFFICER COMMANDING-IN-CHIEF, CENTRAL AIR COMMAND|date=1 June 2026}}</ref>
|-
|{{center|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Eastern Air Command]]}}
|[[Inderpal Singh Walia]]
|[[File:Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia.jpg|frameless|171x171px]]
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Air Marshal Walia takes charge as AOC-in-C Eastern Air Command|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-marshal-walia-takes-charge-as-aoc-in-c-eastern-air-command/article70578695.ece|work=The Hindu|date=2026-02-01|access-date=2026-02-02|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|last=PTI}}</ref>
|-
|{{center|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]]}}
|[[Manish Khanna (air marshal)|Manish Khanna]]
|[[File:Air Marshal Manish Khanna, AVSM, VM.jpg|171x171px]]
|[[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-marshal-khanna-assumes-charge-as-aoc-in-c-of-southern-air-command/article69644746.ece|title= Air Marshal Khanna assumes charge as AOC-in-C of Southern Air Command |work=The Hindu|date=2025-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{center|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[South Western Air Command, Indian Air Force|South Western Air Command]]}}
|[[Tejinder Singh (air marshal)|Tejinder Singh]]
|[[File:Air Marshal Tejinder Singh.jpg|frameless|170x170px]]
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=1 January 2026 |title=AIR MARSHAL TEJINDER SINGH TAKES OVER AS AIR OFFICER COMMANDING-IN-CHIEF SOUTH WESTERN AIR COMMAND, INDIAN AIR FORCE |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2210585&reg=3&lang=1 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>
|-
|{{center|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Western Air Command, Indian Air Force|Western Air Command]]}}
|[[George Thomas (air marshal)|George Thomas]]
|[[File:Air Marshal George Thomas.jpg|frameless|194x194px]]
|[[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|number=2051977033643876641|user=hqwaciaf|title=Air Marshal George Thomas, AOC-in-C Western Air Command visited a frontline base on 06 May 26|date=6 May 2026}}</ref>
|-
|{{center|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Training Command (India)|Training Command]]}}
|[[Seethepalli Shrinivas]]
|[[File:Air Marshal S Shrinivas AVSM, VSM.jpg|169x169px]]
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 January 2026 |title=AIR MARSHAL SEETHEPALLI SHRINIVAS TAKES OVER AS AIR OFFICER COMMANDING- IN-CHIEF TRAINING COMMAND, INDIAN AIR FORCE |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2210485&reg=3&lang=2 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=PIB}}</ref>
|-
|{{center|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Maintenance Command, Indian Air Force|Maintenance Command]]}}
|[[Yalla Umesh]]
|[[File:Air Marshal Yalla Umesh.jpg|frameless|169x169px]]
|[[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/MC_IAF/status/1995393329878667775|title=Air Marshal Yalla Umesh has taken charge as the 39th AOC-in-C of Maintenance Command|date=1 December 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|website=x.com (formerly twitter)}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chief of Integrated Defence Staff]]*
|[[Ashutosh Dixit]]
|[[File:Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit.jpg|170x170px]]
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-01 |title=Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit assumes charge as CISC |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/air-marshal-ashutosh-dixit-assumes-charge-as-cisc/articleshow/120792324.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-01-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
|[[Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command|Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command**]]
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} officer
|-
|[[Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command]]**
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Army|India}} officer
|-
|[[Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)|Director General Armed Forces Medical Services]]**
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} officer
|}
<nowiki>**</nowiki>Rotational Command among the Indian Armed Forces.

==Principal Staff Officers at Air Headquarters==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|[[Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Air Staff]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
|[[Awadhesh Kumar Bharti]]
|
|[[Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal|SYSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-10 |title=Lt General Rajiv Ghai, Air Marshal Bharti take over as deputy chiefs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lt-general-rajiv-ghai-air-marshal-bharti-take-over-as-deputy-chiefs/articleshow/121737615.cms |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Air Officer in Charge Personnel
|Hardeep Bains
|[[File:Air Marshal Hardeep Bains AVSM, VSM.jpg|160x160px]]
|[[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2174437 |title=AIR MARSHAL HARDEEP BAINS, TAKES OVER AS AIR OFFICER-IN-CHARGE PERSONNEL, INDIAN AIR FORCE |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |date=1 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Air Officer in Charge of Administration|Air Officer in Charge Administration]]
|S Sivakumar
|
|[[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2141043|title=AIR MARSHAL S SIVAKUMAR VSM TAKES OVER AS AIR OFFICER-IN- CHARGE ADMINISTRATION (AOA)|publisher=PIB|date=2025-07-01}}</ref>
|-
|Air Officer in Charge Maintenance
|Sanjiv Ghuratia
|
|[[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2162736 |title=Air Marshal SANJIV GHURATIA assumed the appointment of Air Officer-in-Charge Maintenance at Air Headquarters on 01 Feb 25 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=2025-09-01 |website=PIB India)}}</ref>
|-
|[[Inspector General of Flight Safety|Director General Inspection and Safety]]
|Tejbir Singh
|[[File:Air Marshal Tejbir Singh, AVSM, VM.jpg|156x156px]]
|[[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref name="PIB-011223">[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2197204&reg=3&lang=1 <nowiki>Air Marshal Tejbir Singh assumed the appointment of Director General (Inspection and Safety) [DG (I&S)] at Air HQ on 01 December 2025. Press Release:Press Information Bureau</nowiki>]</ref>
|}

== Air Officers of Tri-Services Commands ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" |Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" |Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" |Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" |Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" |Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" |Reference
|-
|Deputy Chief of [[Integrated Defence Staff]] (Operations)
| rowspan="8" |[[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Army|India}} officer
|-
|Deputy Chief of [[Integrated Defence Staff]] (Policy Planning & Force Development)
|[[Praveen Keshav Vohra]]
|[[File:Air Marshal Praveen Keshav Vohra.jpg|frameless|152x152px]]
|[[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-11 |title=Air Marshal Praveen Keshav Vohra Appointed Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff - SSBCrack News |url=https://news.ssbcrack.com/air-marshal-praveen-keshav-vohra-appointed-deputy-chief-of-integrated-defence-staff/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Deputy Chief of [[Integrated Defence Staff]] (Doctrine, Organization & Training)
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} Officer
|-
|Deputy Chief of [[Integrated Defence Staff]] (Medical)
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} Officer
|-
|Director General [[Defence Intelligence Agency (India)|DIA]] & Deputy Chief of [[Integrated Defence Staff]] (Intelligence)
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Army|India}} officer
|-
|Additional Secretary, [[Department of Military Affairs]]
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} Officer
|-
|Director General (Organisation & Personnel) [[Armed Forces Medical Services]]
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} Officer
|-
|Director General Hospital Services [[Armed Forces Medical Services]]
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} Officer
|}

== Heads of Services and Directorates ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|Director General of Air Operations
| rowspan="5" |[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Director General (Weapons Systems)
|Premkumar Krishnaswamy
|
|[[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2026 |title=On assuming the appointment of DG (WS), Air Marshal Premkumar Krishnaswamy, VM, VSM paid homage to Bravehearts at Amar Jawan Jyoti & acknowledged the valiant service rendered by fallen heroes who made ultimate sacrifice in protecting the sovereignty of the Nation. |url=https://x.com/salute2soldier/status/2051252908738650158?s=20 |website=X (formerly twitter)}}</ref>
|-
|Director General (Aircraft)
|KAA Sanjeeb
|
|[[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|
|-
|Director General Medical Services (Air)
|Sandeep Thareja
|
|[[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM**]]
|
|-
|Director General (Administration)
|PCP Anand
|
|[[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref name="x.com">[https://x.com/salute2soldier/status/1939934383579738380/ राष्ट्रीय समर स्मारक / NATIONAL WAR MEMORIAL on X: "On assuming charge as DG (Adm), Air Mshl PCP Anand, VSM, paid solemn tribute at #AmarJawanJyoti—honouring the immortal courage of #fallenheroes. A silent salute to those who gave their today for our tomorrow. #LestWeForget. https://t.co/kIUpIZ9NwL" / X]</ref>
|}

== Senior Staff Officers of Air Commands ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|Senior Air Staff Officer [[Central Air Command, Indian Air Force|Central Air Command]]
|rowspan="7"|[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
|PV Shivanand
|
|[[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|url=https://x.com/CAPS_INDIA/status/1965733863596147015/photo/1|number=1965733863596147015|title=HQ CAC conducted Session II titled ‘Impact of Emerging & Disruptive Technologies on Air Power|user=CAPS_INDIA|date=10 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|Senior Air Staff Officer [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Eastern Air Command]]
|Devendra P Hirani
|
|[[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Air Marshal Devendra P Hirani assumes charge as Senior Air Staff Officer at Eastern Air Command|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/air-marshal-devendra-p-hirani-assumes-charge-as-senior-air-staff-officer-at-eastern-air-command-1339763-2026-02-01|website=India Today NE|date=2026-02-01|access-date=2026-02-02|language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|Senior Air Staff Officer [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Senior Air Staff Officer [[South Western Air Command, Indian Air Force|South Western Air Command]]
|Mehtab Singh Deswal
|
|[[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/list.php?qunit=SWAC&qappt=SASO|title=Senior Air Staff Officer Appointments at South Western Air Command|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=2026-02-06}}</ref>
|-
|Senior Air Staff Officer [[Western Air Command, Indian Air Force|Western Air Command]]
|Jasveer Singh Maan
|
|[[AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2133093|title=AIR MARSHAL JASVIR SINGH MANN AVSM, VM TAKES OVER AS SENIOR AIR STAFF OFFICER, WESTERN AIR COMMAND, INDIAN AIR FORCE|publisher=PIB|access-date=2025-06-01}}</ref>
|-
|Senior Air Staff Officer [[Training Command (India)|Training Command]]
|Samir Jayasinha Pendse
|[[File:Air Marshal Samir Jayasinha Pendse VM, VSM.jpg|161x161px]]
|[[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|url=https://x.com/tracomiaf/status/1995482663386488906|number=1995482663386488906|user=tracomiaf|date=1 December 2025
|title=Air Marshal Samir Jayasinha Pendse assumed the appointment of Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO), Training Command.}}</ref>
|-
|Senior Maintenance Staff Officer [[Maintenance Command, Indian Air Force|Maintenance Command]]
|Ajay Kumar Pan
|[[File:Air Marshal Ajay Kumar Pan AVSM, VSM.jpg|140x140px]]
|[[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|url=https://x.com/PRODefNgp/status/1963062290321961139|number=1963062290321961139|user=PRODefNgp|date=3 September 2025
|title=Air Mshl AK Pan AVSM VSM assumed the appointment of SMSO, @MC_IAF on 01 Sep 25.}}</ref>
|}

==Commandants of Training Institutions==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|[[Commandant of the National Defence Academy|Commandant]] [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} Officer
|-
|[[Commandant of the Air Force Academy|Commandant]] [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]]
|Rahul Bhasin
|
|[[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-09 |title=Air Marshal Rahul Bhasin Takes Over as Commandant of Air Force Academy Dundigal |url=https://www.ssbcrack.com/2026/03/air-marshal-rahul-bhasin-takes-over-as-commandant-of-air-force-academy-dundigal.html |access-date=2026-03-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Commandant of the National Defence College|Commandant]] [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]]
|Manish Kumar Gupta
|
|[[AVSM]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1115356140786571&set=a.295343042787889|title=Air Marshal Manish Kumar Gupta new Commandant of NDC|website=Ministry of Defence Facebook|access-date=1 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[College of Air Warfare|Commandant College of Air Warfare]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[College of Defence Management|Commandant College of Defence Management]]
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Army|India}} officer
|-
|Commandant Military Institute of Technology
| colspan="4" |Presently tenanted by an {{Navy|India}} Officer
|}

==Medical Officers==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Post
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 180px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Photo
! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" | Decorations
! scope="col" style="width: 5px;" | Reference
|-
|Director General Medical Service (Air)
|[[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| Sandeep Thareja
|
|
|
|-
|Additional Director General Medical Service (Air)
|rowspan=10| [[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Principal Medical Officer [[Central Air Command, Indian Air Force| Central Air Command]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Principal Medical Officer [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Eastern Air Command]]
| RK Anadure
|
| [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM **]]
|<ref>https://www.ssbcrack.com/2026/05/air-vice-marshal-rk-anadure-assumes-charge-as-principal-medical-officer-of-eastern-air-command.html</ref>
|-
|Principal Medical Officer [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Principal Medical Officer [[South Western Air Command, Indian Air Force| South Western Air Command]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Principal Medical Officer [[Western Air Command, Indian Air Force|Western Air Command]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Principal Medical Officer [[Training Command (India)|Training Command]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Principal Medical Officer [[Maintenance Command, Indian Air Force|Maintenance Command]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Commandant
Command Hospital, Bengalore
|Kaushik Chatterjee
|
|
|
|}

==See also==
* [[List of serving generals of the Indian Army]]
* [[List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Military of India}}
{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Lists of Indian military personnel|Air marshals]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force appointments]]
[[Category:Indian military appointments]]
[[Category:Lists of active duty military personnel|Indian Air Force]]

Writers' Building

2026-05-06T03:43:07Z

Timesofmillionaire: made basic details w/ infobox

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Writers' Building
| native_name =
| image = Writers'_Building.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Main [[façade]] of the Writers' Building
| construction_start_date = 1777
| opened_date = {{start date and age|1780}}
| address = Binoy Badal Dinesh Bag N Road, [[BBD Bagh]], Kolkata – 700001
| location_town = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| location_country = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.57369|88.349634|display=inline,title}}
| completion_date =
| number_of_rooms =
| elevator_count =
| cost =
| floor_area = 37850 Square Feet
| floor_count = 3
| architect = Thomas Lyon
| engineer =
| main_contractor =
| developer =
| owner = [[Government of West Bengal]]
| operator =
| references =
}}

The '''Writers' Buildings''' or '''Mahakaran''', often shortened to just '''Writers{{'}}''', is the official secretariat building of the [[Government of West Bengal|state government]] of [[West Bengal]] in [[Kolkata]], India. The 150-metre long building covers the entire northern stretch of the [[Lal Dighi, Kolkata|Lal Dighi or Red Lake]] at the centre of historic [[B.B.D. Bagh]], long considered as the administrative and business hub of the city. As a heritage building, it remains at a central place in Bengal's politics as a witness to Bengal's evolution and [[Indian independence movement]].

It originally served as the principal administrative office for writers (junior clerks) of the [[British East India Company]] (EIC). Designed by Thomas Lyon in 1777, the Writers' Building has gone through a long series of extensions over the centuries. Since India's independence in 1947, it housed the office of the [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]], cabinet ministers and other senior officials, until 4 October 2013, when a major restoration of the building was announced. The majority of government departments were subsequently moved out to a new re-purposed building named [[Nabanna (building)|Nabanna]] in [[Howrah]] on a temporary basis. However, after [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|the victory of BJP in 2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Elections]], it is again becoming functional as the official secretariat building of the Government of West Bengal.

The building has been called a mini-township of sorts with a built-up area of around 550,000 square feet. Before the shifting of the state secretariat, the building housed 34 departments of the state government, and served as the office for approximately 6,000 employees.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kolkata's iconic Writer's Building gets ready for a facelift|url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Culture/2014/london-dreams.html|publisher=The Weekend Leader|date=4 October 2014|access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref> {{As of|October 2025|post=,}} the renovation of the building continues.

==History==
The Writers' Building was designed by Thomas Lyon in 1777 for the EIC, which wanted to consolidate its trading operations in India and centralize the tax operations the EIC undertook in [[Bengal Subah]]. Over time, as British mercantile interest in India grew and the EIC defeated the [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad|Nawabs of Bengal]], it was re-purposed as the effective headquarters of the EIC and later the entire [[British Raj]] in the Indian subcontinent. For more than 200 years the building served as the centre of British power and claims, as the seat of government of the [[Bengal Presidency]] and later the Province of Bengal. In the early part of the twentieth century, the building was the site of agitations, violence and assassination attempts during the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref name="Writers Building, a history of cities">{{cite news|title=The Writers' Building, Kolkata: a history of cities in 50 buildings, day 13|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/10/writers-building-kolkata-history-cities-50-buildings|author=Srinath Perur|newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 April 2005|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref> Since [[Indian Independence Act 1947|India's independence]] in 1947, it has served as the state secretariat and has been the location of turbulent politics, mob violence and police brutality. It has also become a popular [[Metonymy|metonym]] for the government of West Bengal, and especially the unbroken 34-year long [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front rule]] in the state.

The building has also played a fundamental part in shaping the [[History of Kolkata|history of the immediate region]], as the village of ''Kalikata'' became British ''Calcutta'' and finally Kolkata. From its conception, the building was designed to become the focal administrative and business hub of the city emerging around it and was thus built close to existing infrastructure owned by the EIC. It was constructed on parts of the same parcel of land where the original [[Fort William, Kolkata|Fort William]], the EICs primary military stronghold in Bengal, stood until 1756. It also marked the centre of the 'White Town', populated primarily by English merchants, officers and EIC functionaries which was kept separate from the 'Black Town' populated primarily by the native landowners and businessmen.

===Timeline===

[[Image:Writers3.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of [[Minerva]] atop Writers' Building]]'''1777-1780: Construction''' The site of the demolished St Anne's church and the adjoining plot were granted to Thomas Lyon, after whom the road behind Writers Building - Lyons Range - is named, to construct buildings to accommodate the junior servants of the [[East India Company]] called "writers". Lyon may have been a carpenter earlier in England but had established himself as an architect in Kolkata at the time, and completed the construction acting on behalf of [[Richard Barwell]], member of the [[Supreme Council of Bengal]] and himself an ex-writer for EIC. [[Warren Hastings]], the then governor of [[Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William]] presided over the project and presumably was the one who commissioned it. Writers' Building was the first three-storey building in Kolkata. The main block, with a ground coverage of 37850 Square Feet was completed in 1780. It occupied one side of what was then called Tank Square ([[B. B. D. Bagh|Dalhousie Square]]). It was built on a purely functional premise, shunning decorations for a straight facade and enclosure style compound in the back. The building initially opened with 19 residential quarters, each with three sets of windows, and was counted as a bit of an eyesore by the erstwhile English residents.<ref name="Writers Building, a history of cities"/><ref name="Writers' Building evolution">{{cite web|title=Writers' Buildings (Mahakaran) Through The Passage of Time|url=http://wbpwd.gov.in/files/contents/writers_building_pdf/writers_buildings_evolution_over_time.pdf|website=Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

'''1800: College''' [[Fort William College]], opened to train writers in Oriental languages, later moved to this building. Over the next 20 years, structural changes were made, including a new hostel for 32 students and an exam hall (which still exist), a lecture hall, four libraries and rooms to teach [[Hindi]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref name="Writers' Building evolution"/>

'''1821: facade created''' A 128 ft-long verandah with Ionic columns, each 32 ft high, were added on the first and second floors.<ref name="Writers' Building evolution"/>

[[Image:Writers4.jpg|thumb|right|Cluster of statues atop Writers' Building]]'''1830: Government College of Engineering''' The college moved out of Writers' and the building fell into the hands of private individuals who turned it into living quarters, shops and godowns. The Government College of Engineering functioned from here for some time.

'''1871–74: Railway Headquarter''' [[George Campbell (1824–1892)|George Campbell]], lieutenant governor-general, felt the need for a secretariat for "quick disposal of work". But with the [[East Indian Railway Company]] occupying a large space at Writers' being unable to find alternative accommodation fast, the plan was slow to unfold.

'''1877–82: Secretariat for Bengal Province''' [[Ashley Eden]], lieutenant-governor of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], was told to relocate the principal offices, housed on [[Sudder Street]] and [[Chowringhee]], to Writers'. Because of the space crunch, three new blocks (classified as Blocks 1,2 and 5 today) were initially constructed, that stood perpendicular to the main block.<ref name="Writers' Building evolution"/>

'''1879–1906: Further expansion''' Two further blocks (classified as Blocks 3 and 4 today) were added, approached by iron staircases that are still in use. The total ground coverage of the five new numbered blocks stood at 58825 square feet. Writers' acquired its [[Greco-Roman]] look, complete with the portico in the central bay and the red surface of exposed brick. The Victorian Era British administration wanted to give a grand and powerful image to this public institution and Writers’ received a makeover in French Renaissance style with the parapet being put in place and edifying statues<ref name="Writers Building, a history of cities"/> sculpted by [[William Frederick Woodington]] lining the terrace, installed in 1883. The statue of [[Minerva]] stands above the central portico.<ref name="Das">{{cite news |title=Writ of Writers'|last1=Das|first1=Soumitra|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110520/jsp/calcutta/story_14006107.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009165553/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110520/jsp/calcutta/story_14006107.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 October 2011|publisher=telegraphindia.com|date=20 May 2011|access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Writers' Building evolution"/>

'''1930: Assassination of Colonel N. S. Simpson'''
[[Image:Statue of Benoy, Badal & Dinesh in front of Writers' Building, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of Benoy, Badal and Dinesh in front of Writers' Building]]On 8 December 1930 [[Benoy Basu]], [[Badal Gupta]] and [[Dinesh Gupta]], members of the underground revolutionary group [[Bengal Volunteers]], headed for the Writers' Building. Dressed in European attire, they carried loaded revolvers. Upon entering the building, they shot dead the notorious [[Inspector-general of police|Inspector General of Police]], Colonel N .S. Simpson, infamous for his brutal oppression of political prisoners, most of whom were [[Indian freedom fighters]]. After assassinating him, they occupied the building, and soon a gun battle followed in the corridors. Unable to stand up to the numerous forces of the [[Kolkata Police|Calcutta police]], the trio soon found themselves overpowered and cornered. Unwilling to give themselves up, Badal took potassium cyanide and died instantly, while his comrades shot themselves. Benoy died five days later in hospital but Dinesh survived only to be hanged on 7 July 1931.

[[File:Memory_of_martyrdom.jpg|thumb|In memory of martyrdom of Benoy, Badal, Dinesh. Writers' Building]]

Today Dalhousie Square is named after the trio and is called B.B.D. Bagh. A statue of Benoy, Badal and Dinesh stands in front of the Writers' Building, showing Benoy, the group leader, leading his comrades in their final battle.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y74pDwAAQBAJ&q=Benoy+Badal+Dinesh&pg=PA143|title=Gentlemanly Terrorists: Political Violence and the Colonial State in India, 1919–1947|last=Ghosh|first=Durba|date=2017-07-20|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107186668|language=en}}</ref>

'''1945-47: Open courtyards sealed by expansion''' Due to requirements of huge space, block A, B, C, D, were constructed. As a result, 19314 square feet was added to the building.<ref name="Writers Building, a history of cities"/><ref name="Writers' Building evolution"/>

'''Since 1947: Further expansion & Centre of West Bengal politics''' At the time of [[Indian Independence Act 1947|India's independence]], the building had a large courtyard with seven blocks. Beginning in the mid-1950s, Block E, F was added in the large rectangular courtyards that separated the existing blocks in the back of the building. In the 70s, Block G and CGA were added (adding 17302 square feet on space) to complete the building's final avatar of 13 interconnected blocks making up a literal administrative maze, for the next 4 decades. But only the main block, including the rotunda and five main blocks, are officially classified as heritage structures. The elevation of the building has remained the same overall and the earliest 3-storey structure has been preserved.<ref name="Das"/><ref name="Writers' Building evolution"/>

===Statues===

The giant pediment at the centre is crowned with the statue of [[Minerva]]. The terrace also contains several other statues and notable among them are four clusters of statues, christened 'Justice', 'Commerce', 'Science' and 'Agriculture', with the respective [[Greek Mythology|Greek gods and goddesses]] of these four disciplines ([[Zeus]], [[Hermes]], [[Athena]] and [[Demeter]] respectively) flanked by a European and an Indian practitioner of these vocations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kolkata walk: Tracing the heritage footsteps of the Raj |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Jaideep |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-13/kolkata/30622937_1_spire-indians-british-soldiers|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707000935/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-13/kolkata/30622937_1_spire-indians-british-soldiers|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2012|date=13 September 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
[[Image:Writers' Building 2.jpg|thumb|right|upright=2|Writers' Building from across [[Lal Dighi]] in B.B.D. Bagh]]

==Renovation==
The building went under renovation in late 2013, in a project costing {{INRConvert|2|b}}. To facilitate this, the state Secretariat and Chief Minister's office temporarily shifted to an abandoned skyscraper owned by the Hooghly River Bridge Commissioners Office named [[Nabanna (building)|Nabanna]] in [[Howrah]].<ref>{{cite news|title = Writers' Buildings temporarily dethroned as West Bengal's seat of power|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/writers-buildings-temporarily-dethroned-as-west-bengals-seat-of-power/article5201953.ece |date=5 October 2013|access-date=28 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Mamata Banerjee moves to Howrah's HRBC from Writers' Buildings|publisher=Economic Times | url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-05/news/42745284_1_new-building-howrah-police-writers | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131014163402/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-05/news/42745284_1_new-building-howrah-police-writers | url-status = dead | archive-date = 14 October 2013 |date=5 October 2013|access-date = 28 February 2014 }}</ref> In February 2014, the project was stalled after conservation experts and the [[Department of Public Works (West Bengal)|West Bengal Public Works Department]] found the plan submitted by an architect firm insufficient.<ref>{{cite web | title = Writers' revival plan 'flawed'|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Writers-revival-plan-flawed/articleshow/30638536.cms
|date=19 February 2014| access-date = 28 February 2014 | work = The Times of India}}</ref> Meanwhile, a team of [[Jadavpur University]] and [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur]] architects was invited to conduct tests of the structure, before the actual renovation could be started.<ref>{{cite news|title = Tests for Writers' Buildings before restoration|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Tests-for-Writers-Buildings-before-restoration/articleshow/29831156.cms|date= 4 February 2014|access-date = 28 February 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

The renovation efforts also involved the [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]] (INTACH). The team had also sought consultations with heritage conservationists from countries like [[Australia]] and [[Germany]] before submitting a detailed proposal in late-2015. But even by mid-2016, work on ground had not started due to government indecisiveness and bureaucratic red tape.<ref>{{cite news|title=Writers' Buildings renovation yet to start even after three years|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/writers-buildings-renovation-yet-to-start-even-after-three-years-116052400434_1.html|date= 24 May 2016|access-date = 19 August 2019|publisher=Business Standard}}</ref>

Engineers had to fortify the structure before the [[East West Metro Tunnel]], part of the expansion of the [[Kolkata Metro]], was dug past the building in November 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Writers' clears tunnel test|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/writers-clears-tunnel-test/cid/1394398|date= 11 November 2017|access-date=19 August 2019|publisher=Business Standard}}</ref>

Tenders for civil engineering work in various parts of the main structure were being issued as of end-2018.
<ref>{{cite web|title=Tender for electrical work at Writer's Building|url=https://www.thetenders.com/All-India-Tenders/TenderDocuments/14419835/2018/Kolkata-West-Bengal/Tender-for-Renovation-Of-Writers-Building-Renovation-Of-Rewiring-Of-El|date=16 November 2018|access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref>

==Picture gallery==
<gallery class="center">
Image:Oldwriters.jpg|The original building with [[John Zephaniah Holwell|Holwell]]'s [[Black Hole of Calcutta|Blackhole incident]] monument in the background
Image:WritersBuildingOld.gif|Writers' Building, c. 1915
Image:Writersbig.jpg|Pre-independence photograph of the facade
Image:Writers_Buildings,_Calcutta_(Second_view)_by_Francis_Frith.jpg|Writers Buildings, Calcutta (Second view)
Image:Writers_Buildings,_Calcutta_(Third_view)_by_Francis_Frith.jpg|Writers Buildings, Calcutta (Third view)
Image:Writers_Buildings,_Calcutta_(Fourth_view)_by_Francis_Frith.jpg|Writers Buildings, Calcutta (Fourth view)
Image:Facade of Writers Building - Central Kolkata.jpg| Facade of Writers Building
Image:Bbbagh.png|Writers Building
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{commons category|position=left}}

{{Administrative headquarters in India}}
{{Kolkata topics}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Government buildings in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Administrative headquarters of state governments in India]]
[[Category:British East India Company buildings and structures]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1777]]
[[Category:1777 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:1777 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Bengali architecture]]
[[Category:British colonial architecture in India]]

INSV Kaundinya

2026-05-05T17:59:56Z

Timesofmillionaire:

{{Short description|Indian Navy ship}}
{{italic title|string=Kaundinya}}{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox ship 
|infobox_caption= 
|display_title= INSV ''Kaundinya''
|sclass= 
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image= INSV Kaundinya returns from maiden overseas voyage to Oman.jpg
|image_caption=INSV ''Kaundinya'' returns from her maiden voyage to Oman
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country= India
|flag= {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name= ''Kaundinya''
|owner=
|namesake=[[Kaundinya I]] Legendary 1st-century Indian [[mariner]] who became [[King of Cambodia]]
|ordered=
|builder= M/s Hodi Innovations (OPC) Private Ltd.
|laid_down= September 2023
|launched=February 2025
|acquired=
|commissioned= 21 May 2025
|decommissioned=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|identification=
|honours=
|honors=
|fate=
|status=
|notes=INSV Kaundinya <ref>{{Cite web|title=INSV Kaundinya|url=https://x.com/INSVKaundinya}}</ref>
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|type=
|displacement=
|length= 19.6 metres (64.3 feet)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-05 |title=Vessel Review {{!}} INSV Kaundinya – Indian wooden sailing ship built using traditional stitching technique|url=https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/other-workboats/vessel-review-insv-kaundinya-indian-wooden-sailing-ship-built-using-traditional-stitching-technique|access-date=2025-06-06 |work=bairdmaritime|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|beam= 6.5 metres (21 feet)
|draught=3.33 metres (10.9 feet)
|draft=
|propulsion= twin sail, oars
|speed=
|range=
|complement=
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=
|armour=
|armor=
|aircraft=
|aircraft_facilities=
|notes= all natural material used and ship built using ancient technique
|crew= 15
}}
}}
'''INSV ''Kaundinya''''' is an Indian navy [[Sailing ship|sailing vessel]] constructed using [[Sewn boat|sewn ship technique]]. Her design is based on a 5th century CE/AD merchant ship depicted in the murals of cave 17 of [[Ajanta Caves]] complex.

It is named after Kaundinya (or [[Kaundinya I]]), who was a legendary first-century Indian [[mariner]] who sailed to Southeast Asia, married Queen Soma of Funan, which comprised most of the present day [[Cambodia]]. He became the second king of [[Funan|Funan kingdom]].

==Background==
[[File:INSV Kaundinya project team members.jpg|thumb|left|The Stitched Ship project team]]
Ancient ships constructed in India often used natural fibers as fasteners instead of metallic nails so as to prevent corrosion. This technique is similar to sewn ships and boats found in other regions of the ancient world. Use of natural fibers like [[coir]] for sewn construction is mentioned in texts such as the ''[[Bhoja|Yukti Kalpataru]]'', an 11th century encyclopedic treatise on Indian craftsmanship. The idea of reconstructing an ancient Indian sailing vessel was conceptualised by economist, historian and author [[Sanjeev Sanyal]]. The concept was realised into a project by Cdr Hemanth Kumar, a Naval Architect from the Indian Navy. The project was funded by [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] and was initiated via a tripartite agreement signed among the Ministry, [[Indian Navy]], and Goa-based shipbuilding company M/s Hodi Innovations (OPC) Private Ltd. in July 2023. The [[keel]] laying of the ship happened in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-21 |title=Navy inducts 'stitched sail ship' as INSV Kaundinya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-inducts-stitched-sail-ship-as-insv-kaundinya/article69601911.ece |access-date=2025-05-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Sanjeev Sanyal said about Kaundinya, “He is the first Indian mariner, who we know by name, to have crossed the seas to visit Southeast Asia and had a significant impact on world history,” told The Indian Express. Though India has an old maritime culture dating back to the Bronze Age, we do not know the names of those mariners who were crossing the seas. The first definitive one, who was engaging in maritime voyages to far-away lands and of whom we know, is Kaundinya. His references are recorded in Cambodian and Southern Vietnamese sources, but not in Indian records. We do not know what Kaundinya’s ship looked like. But the ships of that period looked like what we have built”.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-21 |title=An ancient Indian mariner, a warrior queen, and a love story — what gave INSV Kaundinya its name |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/an-ancient-indian-mariner-a-warrior-queen-and-a-love-story-what-gave-insv-kaundinya-its-name-10020800/|access-date=2025-06-06 |work=indianexpress|language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Development==
[[File:INSV Kaundinya based on Ajanta Cave Drawing.jpg|thumb|The 5th century Ajanta cave mural that inspired creation of INSV Kaundinya]]
The ship’s design draws inspiration from 5th-century CE murals found in the Ajanta Caves, depicting similar vessels. Without blueprint the Indian Navy and artisans from [[Kerala]] headed by master shipwright Babu Sankaran and builder Prathamesh Dandekar<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-07 |title=Stitched ship project: Recreating ancient Indian maritime wonder |url=https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/stitched-ship-project-recreating-ancient-indian-maritime-wonder-13790387.html |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> worked together to recreate the ship. The stitched ship is equipped with square sails and steering oars, which are entirely alien to modern day ships. The hull geometry, rigging and sails were reimagined and tested from first principles. Indian Navy collaborated with the Department of Ocean Engineering, [[IIT Madras]], for validating the vessel’s [[hydrodynamic]] behaviour at sea. In-house structural analysis to assess the wooden mast system, designed and constructed without contemporary materials, was done using iconographic references and hydrodynamic model testing conducted at IIT Madras.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-07 |title=Navy recreates stitched ship based on 5th century Ajanta paintings|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-inducts-stitched-sail-ship-as-insv-kaundinya/article69601911.ece |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=thehindu|language=en-us}}</ref>
The Stitched ship project was initiated through a tripartite agreement between the Indian Ministry of Culture, the Indian Navy, and [[Goa]]-based shipbuilding company M/s Hodi Innovations (OPC) Private Ltd. on July 2023. The keel was laid on 12 September 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keel Laying Ceremony of the Ancient Stitched Ship |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1956754 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403090614/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1956754 |archive-date=3 April 2025 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=www.pib.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref> and ship was commissioned on 21 May 2025. The Indian Navy oversaw the design, technical validation, and construction process. As per Indian Navy, the stitched ship is equipped with square sails and steering oars, which are "entirely alien to modern-day ships". The hull geometry, rigging, and sails had to be reimagined and tested from first principles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Navy Inducts Traditionally Built Stitched Ship, A Recreation Of 5th Century Vessel |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/navy-inducts-traditionally-built-stitched-ship-insv-kaundinya-a-recreation-of-5th-century-vessel-8472312 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Ship Description ===
The ships motifs are the [[Gandabherunda]] or the two headed eagle and the Sun. A Simha Yali is depicted on the bow, and a Harappan style stone anchor adorns her deck.<ref>{{Cite web |website=PIB |date=21 May 2025 |title=Traditionally Built 'Ancient Stitched Ship' Inducted Into the Indian Navy as INSV Kaundinya |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2130294}}</ref> In the ancient “stitched shipbuilding,” technique wooden planks are tied together using coir rope, coconut fibre, and sealed with natural resin.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} The ship serves as a tangible symbol of India’s long standing maritime traditions of exploration, trade, and cultural exchange.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-21 |title=Navy inducts traditionally-built stitched ship as INSV Kaundinya, names it after legendary mariner |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/navy-inducts-traditionally-built-stitched-ship-as-insv-kaundinya-names-it-after-legendary-mariner/articleshow/121318102.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-05-21 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-21 |title=Indian Navy inducts historic ship 'Kaundinya' built using ancient techniques - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/indian-navy-inducts-historic-ship-kaundinya-built-using-ancient-techniques/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> The ship is also equipped with certain modern technologies, such as a [[Eutelsat OneWeb|Eutelsat Oneweb]] satellite dish, facilitating long-range satellite communications with other vessels during transit.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-14 |title=Eutelsat’s OneWeb Enables Connectivity for Indian Navy’s Historic Project Kaundinya Voyage |url=https://www.mynewsdesk.com/eutelsat/pressreleases/eutelsats-oneweb-enables-connectivity-for-indian-navys-historic-project-kaundinya-voyage-3426089 |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Mynewsdesk |language=en}}</ref>

==Service history==
[[File:INSV Kaundinya.jpg|thumb|INSV Kaundinya on launch|left]]
After its launch in February 2025, the ship was formally inducted by the [[Indian Navy]] on May 21, 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 21, 2025 |title=Indian Navy inducts traditionally-built stitched INSV Kaundinya—a recreation of 5th-century ship |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/indian-navy-inducts-traditionally-built-stitched-insv-kaundinya-a-recreation-of-5th-century-ship-11747843264158.html |access-date=May 21, 2025 |work=Livemint}}</ref> The ship is based at [[Karwar]] [[Naval Base]] and its first transoceanic voyage with a 15-member crew along the [[ancient]] [[trade route]] from [[Gujarat]] to [[Oman]] is planned for late 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Vishakha |date=2025-05-21 |title=Indian Navy Recreates 5th Century Ship, Commissions INSV Kaundinya |url=https://thedailyguardian.com/india/indian-navy-recreates-5th-century-ship-commissions-insv-kaundinya/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=The Daily Guardian |language=en}}</ref>

''Kaundinya'' sailed out of Karwar Naval Base enroute to [[Porbandar]] on 13 December 2025. The ship will take 8–10 days to reach the port city following which it will start its maiden transoceanic journey to Oman on 29 December. The ship crew has received harbour training including rigging and carpentry by traditional artisans.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-14 |title=Navy’s stitched ship to set sail, retrace ancient sea route to Oman |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/navys-stitched-ship-to-set-sail-retrace-ancient-sea-route-to-oman-10419087/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The ship, with 13 sailors and four officers, led by [[Commander]] Vikas Sheoran, left Porbandar for [[Muscat]] on 29 December 2025. Commander Y Hemant Kumar, associated with the project since conceptualisation, will serve as the Officer-in-Charge of the expedition.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=INSV Kaundinya embarks on her maiden voyage |date=2025-12-29 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2209572&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> By 12 January 2026, the ship had reached Omani waters, North of [[Sur, Oman|Sur]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-12 |title=Indian sailing vessel 'Kaundinya' built using 2000-year-old technique enters Omani waters on historic voyage |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-sailing-vessel-kaundinya-built-using-2000-year-old-technique-enters-omani-waters-on-historic-voyage/articleshow/126479792.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> She reached [[Muscat]] on 14 January.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-15 |title=INSV Kaundinya: Hand-stitched Indian ship arrives in Oman |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyn15110gvo |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-16 |title=Indian diaspora in Oman hosts grand welcome for INSV Kaundinya crew |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-diaspora-in-oman-hosts-grand-welcome-for-insv-kaundinya-crew-101768522873597.html |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> She returned to [[Mumbai]] upon conclusion of her voyage on 2nd February 2026.<ref>https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2234285&reg=3&lang=1</ref> The ship returned to India by the end of March.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Raksha Rajya Mantri Flags Off IOS SAGAR from Mumbai |date=2026-03-02 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2248586&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2026-03-03}}</ref>

On 3 February 2026, it was reported that the ship will retrace another ancient trade route from [[Odisha]] to [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]] on the event of [[Kartika Purnima]]. This was announced by [[Sanjeev Sanyal]], a member of the [[Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister]] (EAC-PM).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-03 |title=INS Kaundinya to sail ancient Odisha–Bali trade route on Kartik Purnima: Sanjeev Sanyal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ins-kaundinya-to-sail-ancient-odishabali-trade-route-on-kartik-purnima-sanjeev-sanyal/articleshow/127882994.cms |access-date=2026-02-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships]]
*[[Jewel of Muscat]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|INSV Kaundinya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaundinya}}
[[Category:Naval ships of India]]
[[Category:Ships of India]]
[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]
[[Category:2025 ships]]
[[Category:Ministry of Culture (India)]]

Katigorah Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T14:49:51Z

Timesofmillionaire:

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Katigorah
| constituency_no = 116
| type = SLA
| map_image = Katigorah Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year =
| loksabha_cons = [[Silchar Lok Sabha constituency|Silchar]]
| district = [[Cachar district|Cachar]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| electors =
}}
'''Katigorah Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies in [[Cachar district]] in the North-East Indian state of [[Assam]]. [[Kalain]] is main town of Katigorah.<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
 Katigorah Assembly constituency is part of [[Silchar Lok Sabha constituency|Silchar]] Lok Sabha constituency and also the Subdivision of [[Cachar District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 116 Katigorah Assembly constituency is composed of Badarpur Municipal Board, Borkhola Dev. Block(Part), Kalain Dev. Block(Part), Katigorah Dev. Block(Part), Salchapra Dev. Block(Part), Algapur Dev. Block(Part).

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
'''Key'''

{{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}} {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}} {{Party index link|All India United Democratic Front}} {{Party index link|Indian Congress (Socialist)}} {{Party index link|Independent (politician)}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Member!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 1951
| [[Namwar Ali Barbhuiya]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 1957
| [[Hem Chandra Chakravarty]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
| 1962
| [[Tarapada Bhattacharjee]]
| [[Independent (politician)]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 1967
| [[A.K.N. Hoque]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 1972
|[[Abdul Hamid Mazumder]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 1978||[[Abdul Kiyum Choudhury]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 1983
| [[Nepal Chandra Das]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}" |
| 1985||[[Abdul Hamid Mazumder]]|| [[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| 1991||[[Kali Ranjan Deb]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| 1996||[[Kali Ranjan Deb]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| 2001||[[Kali Ranjan Deb]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}" |
| 2006||[[Ataur Rahman Mazarbhuiya]]|| [[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}" |
| 2011||[[Ataur Rahman Mazarbhuiya]]||[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| 2016||[[Amar Chand Jain]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| 2021||[[Khalil Uddin Mazumder]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| 2026||[[Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Katigorah}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=KAMALAKHYA DEY PURKAYASTHA|party=National Democratic Alliance|votes=110758|percentage=58.21|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=AMAR CHAND JAIN|party=Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|votes=73078|percentage=38.41|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=|party=All India United Democratic Front|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Katigorah}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Amar Chand Jain
|votes = 59,764
|percentage = 44.03
|change = +25.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Khalil Uddin Mazumder
|votes = 50,956
|percentage = 37.54
|change = +5.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ataur Rahman Mazarbhuiya
|votes = 16,418
|percentage = 12.09
|change = -14.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Trayabashi Das
|votes = 1,949
|percentage = 1.43
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Moinul Hoque
|votes = 1,372
|percentage = 1.01
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Samujjal Das
|votes = 906
|percentage = 0.66
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Hanif Alom Mazarbhuiya
|votes = 826
|percentage = 0.60
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Alauddin Choudhury
|votes = 552
|percentage = 0.40
|change = -0.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Saleh Ahmad Talukdar
|votes = 541
|percentage = 0.39
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Arun Karmakar
|votes = 425
|percentage = 0.31
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rafique Uzzaman Laskar
|votes = 356
|percentage = 0.26
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mahendra Sinha
|votes = 284
|percentage = 0.20
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = JCP
|candidate = Sujata Sinha
|votes = 273
|percentage = 0.20
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dipak Lal Das
|votes = 184
|percentage = 0.13
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 906
|percentage = 0.66
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,808
|percentage = 6.49
|change = +0.50
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,35,712
|percentage = 84.50
|change = +9.46
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,60,603
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Katigorah}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Ataur Rahman Mazarbhuiya
|votes = 33,226
|percentage = 32.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Anwarul Haque
|votes = 27,084
|percentage = 26.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Anil Chandra Dey
|votes = 19,133
|percentage = 18.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Amar Chand Jain
|votes = 12,808
|percentage = 12.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Anup Kumar Dutta
|votes = 3,892
|percentage = 3.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Kumarjit Deb
|votes = 2,148
|percentage = 2.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sahab Uddin
|votes = 1,880
|percentage = 1.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ashit Chandra Dey
|votes = 1,501
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Alak Sen
|votes = 857
|percentage = 0.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,142
|percentage = 5.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,02,529
|percentage = 75.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India United Democratic Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Katigorah]]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Cachar district| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

Rudransh Khandelwal

2026-04-29T13:58:32Z

Timesofmillionaire: Started some info added tags

{{Short description|Indian para shooter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{MedalTableTop||name=}}
{{Medal|Sport|Men's shooting}}[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|50m mixed pistol]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}

'''Rudransh Khandelwal''' (born 19 November 2006)<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://www.paralympic.org/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/rudransh-khandelwal_2501827 |title=KHANDELWAL Rudransh |work=[[Paris 2024 Paralympics]]}} ([https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/rudransh-khandelwal_2501827 alternate link], [https://paris2024.rtve.es/es/paris-2024-paralimpicos/atleta/rudransh-khandelwal_2501827 alternate link 2])</ref> is an Indian para shooter from [[Rajasthan]] who competes in the 50m pistol event in SH1 category. He qualified to represent [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]] at [[Paris]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=11 March 2024 |title=Para World Cup: Pistol shooter Rudransh Khandelwal wins silver |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/pistol-shooter-rudransh-khandelwal-wins-silver-in-para-world-cup/article67939003.ece |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2024 |title=Para Shooting World Cup: Rudransh Khandelwal wins silver in mixed 50m pistol event |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/para-shooting-world-cup-rudransh-khandelwal-silver-nihal-singh-bronze-mixed-50m-pistol-event-score-news-report/article67938741.ece |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> He finished 9th in the 10m Air Pistol event qualification round and did not advance to the final. In the 50m pistol SH1 qualifying event, he finished 22nd with a score of 517.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-04 |title=Nihal Singh, Rudransh Khandelwal fall short in mixed 50m pistol qualifiers at Paris Paralympics |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2024/Sep/04/nihal-singh-rudransh-khandelwal-fall-short-in-mixed-50m-pistol-qualifiers-at-paris-paralympicshttps://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2024/Sep/04/nihal-singh-rudransh-khandelwal-fall-short-in-mixed-50m-pistol-qualifiers-at-paris-paralympics |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Khandelwal is from [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], Rajasthan. In 2015, while attending a cousin's marriage, he lost his leg in a fireworks blast.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Asian Para Games: Teenage star Khandelwal aiming for the top |url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/asian-para-games-2023-shooting-star-rudransh-khandelwal-aiming-top |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Khandewal won a silver medal at the Para Shooting World Cup at [[New Delhi]] in March 2024. In the mixed 50m pistol event, he shot 530 and won a silver medal along with Nihal (527) and [[Singhraj Adhana]] (516) to aggregate a total score of 1573.<ref name=":0" /> He won two gold at his second international event at the World Shooting Para Sport World Cup in [[Osijek]], Croatia in October 2023.<ref name=":1" /> He also created a world record in the P4 mixed 50m pistol SH1 category at the same event in [[Croatia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2023 |title=Para-shooter Rudransh creates world record on way to pistol gold at WSPS World Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/para-shooter-rudransh-creates-world-record-on-way-to-pistol-gold-at-wsps-world-cup/articleshow/101645771.cms |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2023 |title=Para-shooter Rudransh creates world record on way to pistol gold at WSPS World Cup, Avani falters |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/para-shooter-rudransh-creates-world-record-on-way-to-pistol-gold-at-wsps-world-cup-avani-falters/article67065354.ece |access-date=14 August 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khandelwal, Rudransh}}
[[Category:2006 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:Paralympic shooters for India]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Mukkamala, Konaseema district

2026-04-22T11:45:20Z

Timesofmillionaire: made a place needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mukkamala
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
|sports_nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Board showing Mukkamala village.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Board_showing_Mukkamala_village
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,359
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 533241
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Mukkamala''' is a village in [[Ambajipeta]] mandal of [[Konaseema district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.

Eminent Astrophysicist [[Appadvedula Lakshmi Narayan]], known as [[A. L. Narayan]] was born in this village.

== Demographics ==
The local language is Telugu. The area is {{convert|147|ha}}.

According to [[Indian census]], 2001, the demographic details is as follows:<ref>[http://ourvillageindia.org/Place.aspx?PID=20795 Mukkamala at Our Village India.org]</ref>
* Total population: 2,359 in 560 Households.
* Male population: 1,189
* Female population: 1,170
* Children under six-years: 254
** Boys – 125
** Girls – 129
* Total literates: 1,588

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|16|35|38|N|81|56|46|E|region:IN_type:city_source:kolossus-tewiki|display=title}}

{{Konaseema district}}

[[Category:Villages in Konaseema district]]

{{Konaseema-geo-stub}}

Medipally Sathyam

2026-04-20T03:36:57Z

Timesofmillionaire: made the pg added tags

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Medipally Sathyam
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image = MANI3264.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|6|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = Korutlapeta, Yellareddypeta Mandal, [[Rajanna Sircilla district]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = Sunke Ravi Shankar
| successor =
| constituency = [[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| spouse = Roopa Devi
| children = 2
| parents =
| footnotes =
| father =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Medipally Sathyam''' (born 5 June 1980) is an Indian politician in the state of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-06 |title=Choppadandi MLA donates ₹1.50 lakh from his first salary for evening snacks to SSC students |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/choppadandi-mla-donates-150-lakh-from-his-first-salary-for-evening-snacks-to-ssc-students/article67815154.ece |access-date=2024-03-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the 2023 general election he was elected as MLA representing [[Indian National Congress]] from [[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi]] constituency in [[Telangana]].<ref name="Choppadandi Election Result 2023 Live Updates: Congress has Won this Seat of Telangana">{{cite news |work=TheQuint |first1= |title=Choppadandi Election Result 2023 Live Updates: Congress has Won this Seat of Telangana |url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/telangana-election/choppadandi-election-result-2023-live-updates-counting-of-votes-telangana-assembly-elections-news-brs-congress-bjp-candidates#read-more |access-date=7 March 2024 |date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307132156/https://www.thequint.com/elections/telangana-election/choppadandi-election-result-2023-live-updates-counting-of-votes-telangana-assembly-elections-news-brs-congress-bjp-candidates |archive-date=7 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Choppadandi Constituency Election Results 2023: Choppadandi Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/choppadandi |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He lost the 2014 election on a TDP ticket and the 2018 polls on a Congress ticket.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-27 |title=చొప్పదండి ఎమ్మెల్యేగా సిరిసిల్ల జిల్లా వాసి {{!}} - - Sakshi |url=https://m.sakshi.com/telugu-news/rajanna/1869955 |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=Sakshi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227135056/https://m.sakshi.com/telugu-news/rajanna/1869955 |archive-date=2023-12-27}}</ref>

Medipally Sathyam Was appointed as [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar District]] Congress Committee (DCC) President on 22 November 2025.<ref name="Congress appoints new DCC presidents">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=22 November 2025 |title=Congress appoints new DCC presidents |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/new-dcc-presidents-appointed/article70312095.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123141109/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/new-dcc-presidents-appointed/article70312095.ece |archive-date=23 November 2025 |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Education ==
Sathyam hails from Korutlapet village,Yellareddypeta in Rajanna Sircilla district.<ref name=":0" /> He settled in Chopadandi. He completed his post graduation and Ph.D. in political science from [[Osmania University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ఓయూ నుంచి అసెంబ్లీకి స్టూడెంట్ లీడర్.. బాల్క సుమన్, గాదరి కిషోర్ తర్వాత ఈయనే! |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telangana/news/another-student-union-leader-medipally-sathyam-won-as-an-mla-from-osmania-university/articleshow/105773168.cms |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref> He was active in student politics during his stint at Osmania University.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

==Personal life==
Sathyam married his [[Osmania University|OU]] Classmate Roopa Devi in 2012.<ref name="Wife of Choppadandi MLA in Telangana found dead">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Wife of Choppadandi MLA in Telangana found dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/wife-of-choppadandi-mla-in-telangana-found-dead/article68313990.ece |access-date=21 June 2024 |date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621093822/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/wife-of-choppadandi-mla-in-telangana-found-dead/article68313990.ece |archive-date=21 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Telangana: Congress MLA Satyam's Wife Dies by Suicide">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Telangana: Congress MLA Satyam's Wife Dies by Suicide |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana-congress-mla-satyams-wife-dies-by-suicide-900091 |access-date=21 June 2024 |work= |date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621094613/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana-congress-mla-satyams-wife-dies-by-suicide-900091 |archive-date=21 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> He is survived by son Yojith, and daughter Rishika Sri.

== Elections contested ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Election
!Constituency
!Party
!Opponent
!Majority
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2014
|[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]
|[[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi]]
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|[[Bodige Shobha|Bodige Shobha Galanna]] (TRS)
|
|{{lost}}
|<ref name="Statistical Reports of 2014 Assembly Elections held in Telangana">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |date=2014 |title=Statistical Reports of 2014 Assembly Elections held in Telangana |url=https://ceotelangana.nic.in/GE_2014/General%20Election%20HOP%202014%20Book.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118144728/https://ceotelangana.nic.in/GE_2014/General%20Election%20HOP%202014%20Book.pdf |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=18 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]
|[[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Sunke Ravi Shankar]] (TRS)
|42127
|{{lost}}
|<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |access-date=20 February 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]
|[[Choppadandi Assembly constituency|Choppadandi]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Sunke Ravi Shankar]] (TRS)
|37439
|{{won}}
|<ref name="Telangana election results 2023: Full list of winners constituency wise2">{{cite news |last1=The Economic Times |date=3 December 2023 |title=Telangana election results 2023: Full list of winners constituency wise |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/telangana-assembly-elections/telangana-assembly-election-2023-constituency-wise-full-winner-list-brs-aimim-tdp-bjp-congress-candidates/articleshow/105690405.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207043327/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/telangana-assembly-elections/telangana-assembly-election-2023-constituency-wise-full-winner-list-brs-aimim-tdp-bjp-congress-candidates/articleshow/105690405.cms |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Choppadandi Assembly Election Results 2018 - 2023">{{cite news |date=3 December 2023 |title=Choppadandi Assembly Election Results 2018 - 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/choppadandi |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250630071349/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/choppadandi |archivedate=30 June 2025 |accessdate=30 June 2025 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Telangana Assembly Elections: Know your MLA">{{cite news |last1=Telangana Today |first1= |date=4 December 2023 |title=Telangana Assembly Elections: Know your MLA |url=https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-assembly-elections-know-your-mla |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209172226/https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-assembly-elections-know-your-mla |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sathyam, Medipally}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:People from Rajanna Sircilla district]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

{{Indiana-politician-stub}}

Yoksam–Tashiding Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:37:51Z

Timesofmillionaire: made a entry w/ sources.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Sikkim legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Yoksam–Tashiding
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 1
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Tshering Thendup Bhutia]]
|party = {{Party index link|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Sikkim]]
|district = [[Gyalshing district|Gyalshing]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]
|established = 2008
|electors ={{formatnum:15524}}<ref>{{cite web
| title = Voter Turnout Sikkim Election 2024
| url = https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/VOTER%20TURNOUT%20SIKKIM%20ELECTION%202024.pdf
| website = CEO Sikkim
| publisher = Chief Electoral Office, Sikkim
| access-date = 2025-08-09
}}</ref>
|reservation = BL
}}
'''Yoksam–Tashiding Assembly constituency''' is one of the 32 assembly constituencies of [[Sikkim]] a north east state of [[India]]. Yoksam–Tashiding is part of [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/sikkim/assembly-constituencies/ Sitting and previous MLAs from Tawang Assembly constituency]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S02/Old/partycomp24.htm Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Files/Assembly_block.htm Assembly constituencies Revenue Blocks]</ref><ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref>

This constituency is reserved for members of the [[Bhutia-Lepcha]] community.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || Dawcho Lepcha || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || Sonam Dadul Bhutia
|-
| [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Sangay Lepcha]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|rowspan = 2}}
|-
| [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name="Election Results 2024 Sikkim: Full list of winners on all 32 Legislative Assembly seats of Sikkim">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Election Results 2024 Sikkim: Full list of winners on all 32 Legislative Assembly seats of Sikkim |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-sikkim-full-list-of-winners-on-all-32-legislative-assembly-seats-of-sikkim-9366829/ |access-date=3 June 2024 |date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603081356/https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-sikkim-full-list-of-winners-on-all-32-legislative-assembly-seats-of-sikkim-9366829/ |archive-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sikkim Assembly Election 2024 Winners List">{{cite news |last1=Financialexpress |title=Sikkim Assembly Election 2024 Winners List |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/sikkim-assembly-election-2024-winners-list/3509765/ |access-date=3 June 2024 |date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603081540/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/sikkim-assembly-election-2024-winners-list/3509765/ |archive-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Tshering Thendup Bhutia]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yoksam–Tashiding}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tshering Thendup Bhutia]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=8,271 |percentage=60.80% |change={{increase}}12.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meewang Gyatso Bhutia |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=3,459 |percentage=25.43% |change={{decrease}}22.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jigmey Bhutia |party=Citizen Action Party – Sikkim |votes=1,024 |percentage=7.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunzang Sherab Bhutia |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=318 |percentage=2.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamal Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=170 |percentage=1.25% |change={{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=159 |percentage=1.17% |change={{increase}}0.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Palden Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=109 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Palzor Bhutia |party=Independent politician |votes=94 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,812 |percentage=35.37% |change= {{increase}}34.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,604 |percentage=87.63% |change= {{increase}}2.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,524 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |swing= {{increase}}12.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yoksam–Tashiding<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-24|title=Sikkim Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners|url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106160313/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sangay Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=5,686 |percentage=48.52% |change={{increase}}22.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dichen Wangchuk Bhutia |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,607 |percentage=47.84% |change={{decrease}}20.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phurkit Lepcha |party=Hamro Sikkim Party |votes=158 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pema Rinzing Bhutia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=137 |percentage=1.17% |change={{decrease}}2.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=132 |percentage=1.13% |change={{decrease}}1.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=79 |percentage=0.67% |change= {{decrease}}41.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,720 |percentage=84.88% |change= {{decrease}}1.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,808 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}19.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yoksam–Tashiding}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Dadul Bhutia |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=6,777 |percentage=68.33% |change={{decrease}}3.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thutop Bhutia |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=2,559 |percentage=25.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pema Rinzing Bhutia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=363 |percentage=3.66% |change={{decrease}}16.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=219 |percentage=2.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,218 |percentage=42.53% |change= {{decrease}}9.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,918 |percentage=86.02% |change= {{decrease}}0.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,530 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}3.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yoksam–Tashiding<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404202702/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2014|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dawcho Lepcha |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,909 |percentage=71.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aden Tshering Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,666 |percentage=20.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nedup Tshering Bhutia |party=Sikkim Himali Rajya Parishad |votes=430 |percentage=5.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pemba Sherpa |party=Sikkim Gorkha Party |votes=230 |percentage=2.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,243 |percentage=51.52% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,235 |percentage=86.94% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,472 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Yuksom]]
* [[Gyalshing district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Sikkim}}

{{coord|27.291|88.282|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yoksam-Tashiding Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Gyalshing district]]
[[Category:Politics of Sikkim]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Bansari Solanki

2026-04-13T03:36:54Z

Timesofmillionaire: Added new stub needs work

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Bansari Solanki
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|5|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], India
| height =
| weight =
| position = Goalkeeper
| years1 =
| clubs1 = NCE Delhi
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = Income Tax
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| nationalyears1 = 2022–
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 4
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2025 Hangzhou]]|}}
}}
'''Bansari Solanki''' (born 24 May 2001)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-18 |title=Bansari Solanki - The History Book of Indian Hockey |url=https://indiahockey.net/bansari-solanki/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> is an Indian [[field hockey]] player and a member of the [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian national team]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Solanki Bansari {{!}} India hockey player |url=https://www.fih.hockey/events/others/women/womens-hockey5s-asia-cup-salalah-2023-1614/player/solanki-bansari-30796 |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=International Hockey Federation |language=en}}</ref> She is a goalkeeper and plays for Income Tax and Centre of Excellence in the domestic tournaments. She was part of the winning SG Pipers team in the [[Hockey India League|Hero Hockey India league]] 2025-26.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bansari Solanki - Hockey India |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/bansari-solanki-profile-1442#:~:text=Player%20Profile,Videos |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=www.hockeyindia.org}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
She is from [[Surat]], Gujarat. Her father is an engineer. She started playing hockey in Class 8 and was a defender. When the school did not have a goalkeeper for a tournament, her school coach persuaded her to don the pads and she well. She was spotted by [[Dhanraj Pillay]], who was then the executive director of the hockey programme at the Sports Authority of Gujarat. then she shifted to Vadodara. By 17 years, she moved to Delhi to train under [[Romeo James]] at the National Hockey Academy.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Prabhu |first=Chandra |date=2025-12-27 |title=Keeper with high ceiling: Pipers assistant coach backs Solanki to soar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2025/Dec/27/keeper-with-high-ceiling-pipers-assistant-coach-backs-solanki-to-soar |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She completed her Bachelors in Business Administration.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-13 |title=Bansari Solanki, keeper of SG Pipers' faith |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/bansari-solanki-keeper-of-sg-pipers-faith/articleshow/126499192.cms#:~:text=Today,%20it's%20all%20about%20hockey,and%20the%20bond%20we%20had. |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Solanki represented SG Pipers’ team in the 2025-26 Women's Hero Hockey India League. In the final match, she did well as a goalkeeper to help Pipers lift their maiden league title. She won the best goalkeeper of the tournament award.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-24 |title=I was mentally calm and present in the moment: Bansari Solanki |url=https://www.livemint.com/focus/i-was-mentally-calm-and-present-in-the-moment-bansari-solanki-11769246603748.html |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> During the league she was coached by former Indian goalkeeper Helen Mary.

She first played for Senior India Hockey5s team in August 2023 when they won the gold medal in the Women's Hockey5s Asia Cup at Salalah in Oman. She was declared as the 'Best Rising Goalkeeper' of the event.<ref name=":2" /> Then in January 2024, she represented India which won a silver medal in the FIH Hockey5s World Cup Oman 2024 (W) at Muscat. During the same year, she also made her debut for the Senior India main team playing in the 2023-24 FIH Hockey Pro League (W).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

In 2025, she travelled to women's Asia Cup at Gongshu, China, but did not get to play any matches.<ref name=":2" />

According to hockey historian [[K. Arumugam|K Arumugam]], she is the first female hockey player from Gujarat to play for India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-24 |title=Spotted by Dhanraj Pillay, India women team’s goalkeeper Bansari Solanki puts Gujarat on hockey map |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/asia-cup-goalie-bansari-solanki-first-gujarat-woman-india-squad-10207829/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{India FHW Squad 2025 Asia Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Solanki, Bansari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Gujarat]]
[[Category:People from Surat]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey goalkeepers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Akali Santa Singh

2026-04-02T04:14:29Z

Timesofmillionaire: Added new bio more to come

{{Short description|Indian Sikh leader (1928–2008)}}
{{Unbalanced|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| office1 = [[Nihang|13th Jathedar of Buddha Dal]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Jathedar]]
| native_name = {{Lang|pa|ਅਕਾਲੀ ਸੰਤਾ ਸਿੰਘ}}
| image = Photograph of Santa Singh, former Jathedar of Budha Dal.webp
| title =
| alongside =
| predecessor1 = [[Akali Chet Singh]]
| successor1 = [[Akali Surjit Singh]] (Disputed with Baba Balbir Singh)
| birth_name = Pashaura Singh
| birth_date = 1928
| birth_place = [[Gujranwala]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]]
| death_date = 8 May 2008 (age 80)
| death_place =
| spouse =
| relations =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| image_size =
| term_start1 = 1968
| term_end1 = 2008
| mother =
| father =
| known_for = 13th Jathedar of Buddha Dal
| caption =
}}

{{Sikhism sidebar}}
'''Pashaura Singh '''(1928–2008) also known as '''Santa Singh''' or to [[Nihang|Nihang Sikhs]] as '''Jathedar Akali Baba Santa Singh Ji Nihang 96 Crori''' was the 13th Jathedar of [[Budha Dal]], succeeding [[Akali Chet Singh]].

== Early life ==
He was born as Pashaura Singh in Gujranwala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-12 |title=13) Akali Baba Santa Singh Ji |url=https://gb.budhadal.org/baba-santa-singh-ji/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Shiromani Panth Akali Budha Dal |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Religious career ==

=== Sarbloh Granth ===
The [[Sarbloh Granth]] was first published in the mid-20th century by Santa Singh. He had major influence over bringing its teachings to the wider Sikh community.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Santa |title=Sri Sarbloh Granth Sahib Ji |last2=Singh Ji |first2=Guru Gobind |publisher=B Chattar Singh Amritsar |year=2003}}</ref>

=== Reconciliation with the Sikh community ===
In 2001, Santa Singh accepted the “tankhah” (punishment for religious misconduct) pronounced by Giani Joginder Singh Vedanti, the Jathedar of the [[Akal Takht]].

Also in the same year, the followers of Santa Singh have said he had made the choice to reintegrate himself with the Sikh Panth. They asserted that his decision would serve as a source of motivation for Sikhs. Udhe Singh (Secretary of Budha Dal and nephew of Baba Santa Singh), Maharaj Singh, Partap Singh, Prithipal Singh, the personal assistant to Jathedar Vedanti, played pivotal roles in facilitating Santa Singh's reconnection with the Sikh community.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walia |first=Varinder |date=17 March 2001 |title=Baba Santa Singh accepts 'tankhah' |work=The Tribune |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010318/punjab1.htm |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603031244/https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010318/punjab1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Differences in Sikh religious, social and political views ==
=== Political views ===
Santa Singh was an avid supporter of [[Indian National Congress]] and was close to many leaders. He had been dubbed by many Sikhs as a "government stooge".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=We are the real heirs of the Sikh shrines and traditions: Baba Santa Singh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19840815-we-are-the-real-heirs-of-the-sikh-shrines-and-traditions-baba-santa-singh-803744-1984-08-14 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=India Today |date=15 August 1984 |language=en}}</ref>

In the early 70s Santa Singh became close with [[President of India|India's President]] [[Zail Singh]]. Zail Singh even gifted Santa Singh a car. After this Santa and fellow Nihangs regularly attended Congress rallies and blessed [[Indira Gandhi]] before her elections.<ref name=":0" />

In the aftermath of [[Operation Blue Star]] he attended a Congress rally organised by Indira Gandhi. This led to heavy criticism by Sikh leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hazarika |first=Sanjoy |date=1984-08-13 |title=SIKH REBEL IS CHALLENGING RELIGION'S LEADERS |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/13/world/sikh-rebel-is-challenging-religion-s-leaders.html |access-date=2023-06-03 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Santa Singh was said to be close with [[Home Minister]] and Congress leader [[Buta Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Now, Akalis, Congress woo Nihangs |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/now-akalis-congress-woo-nihangs/311885/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |work=Indian Express}}</ref>

=== Bhang consumption issue ===
In 2001, Santa Singh along with 20 chiefs of Nihang sects, refused to accept the ban on consumption of ''[[bhang]]'' by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]].<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010326/punjab1.htm#3 "Nihangs 'not to accept' ban on bhang"]. ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''. March 26, 2001.</ref> However, there exists a tradition of Nihang Sikhs using edible cannabis, often in the form of the beverage [[bhang]].<ref name="SinghFenech2014">{{cite book |author1=Pashaura Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA378 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |author2=Louis E. Fenech |date=March 2014 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 |pages=378–}}</ref><ref name="SinghHawley2012">{{cite book |author1=Pashaura Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SLhLakpsNsC&pg=PA34 |title=Re-imagining South Asian Religions: Essays in Honour of Professors Harold G. Coward and Ronald W. Neufeldt |author2=Michael Hawley |date=7 December 2012 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-24236-4 |pages=34–}}</ref>

=== Akal Takht reconstruction ===
Santa Singh rebuilt the [[Akal Takht]] after its damage during [[Operation Blue Star]] in 1984. The construction work was done by paid workers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chima |first=Jugdep S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxpBDwAAQBAJ&dq=santa+singh+excommunicated&pg=PT118 |title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements |date=2010-03-11 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5150-953-0 |language=en}}</ref> This caused controversy with [[Damdami Taksal]], [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] and many members of the wider Sikh community.

As a result, Baba Santa Singh was excommunicated by SGPC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Warrior Sikh excommunicated |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/07/22/Warrior-Sikh-excommunicated/9850459316800/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Baba Santa Singh accepts 'tankhah' |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010318/punjab1.htm |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=The Tribune |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603031244/https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010318/punjab1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Akal Takht, was torn down two years later under the orders of Baba Thakur Singh, the leader of the Damdami Taksal, at the [[Sarbat Khalsa|1986 Sarbat Khalsa]].

=== Views on Sikh separatism ===
When asked about Khalistan, Santa Singh said, ''"Isn't the President of India a Sikh? There are so many ministers, generals, officers. There is no discrimination. And in which little district will they make their Khalistan?"<ref name=":0"/>''

When asked to comment about the [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]] claiming they did not oppose Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale out of fear Santa Singh said, ''"Why did they never approach me for help? I would have happily sent in my cavalry. What are all these gallant horsemen for if not for saving the shrines from desecration? It is because they did not ask their own Sikh armies that Mrs. Gandhi had to send in hers"'' <ref name=":0" />

=== SGPC ===
When asked about why he is upset with the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]] Santa Singh said, "''They have been messing about for 60 years. They just make a commotion. I call them Khappoo Singhs (Khap means noise in Punjabi). Their movement has failed and now they are running marches, hiding behind women and children. Why didn't they act when [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale|Bhindranwale's]] men were going about defecating and drying underwear on the balconies of the [[Akal Takht]]?''"''<ref name=":0" />''

In 2012, SGPC reversed its initial decision to install Santa Singh portrait in the Central Sikh Museum due to backlash from certain fractions of the community.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2012 |title=SGPC doesn't install portrait of Santa Singh at museum |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/sgpc-doesn-t-install-portrait-of-santa-singh-at-museum/story-6GcxjuIkhmdZ1nNWtMZlsN.html}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Budha Dal Jathedars|Akali Chet Singh||Akali Santa Singh|Akali Surjit Singh |}}
{{Cannabis and religion}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Akali Santa}}
[[Category:Nihang]]
[[Category:Cannabis activists]]
[[Category:Cannabis and Sikhism]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani people]]

Sharanya Pradeep

2026-03-28T20:22:00Z

Timesofmillionaire: made new info added tags

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sharanya Pradeep
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|05|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (present{{endash}}day [[Telangana]]), India
| yearsactive = 2017{{ndash}}present
| occupation =
| spouse = {{Marriage|Pradeep Manku|2015}}
| parents =
}}
'''Sharanya Pradeep''' (born 17 May 1992) is an Indian actress who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. In the past she worked as a news anchor for the Indian news channel V6. In 2025, she received the [[Gaddar Telangana Film Awards|Gaddar Telangana Film Award]] as Best Supporting Actress in ''[[Ambajipeta Marriage Band]].''

== Career ==
Sharanya Pradeep made her acting debut with ''[[Fidaa]]'' (2017), in which she portrayed the elder sister of [[Sai Pallavi]]'s character.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fidaa review |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/fidaa-review/article19298147.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-02-02 |title=‘Ambajipeta Marriage Band’ movie review: Dushyanth Katikaneni makes an assured directorial debut with an absorbing drama, anchored by Suhas and Sharanya Pradeep’s terrific performances |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ambajipeta-marriage-band-telugu-movie-review-dushyanth-katikaneni-makes-an-assured-directorial-debut-with-an-absorbing-drama/article67803303.ece |access-date=2026-03-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-26 |title=What Is Sharanya Pradeep’s Buzz All About? |url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/101645/what-is-sharanya-pradeeps-buzz-all-about |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=ap7am.com |language=en}}</ref>

After appearing in minor roles in several films, she gained wider recognition for her performance in ''[[Ambajipeta Marriage Band]]'' (2024), where she played the twin sister of [[Suhas Pagolu|Suhas]]' character.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audiences praise Sharanya Pradeep’s noteworthy performance in ‘Ambajipeta Marriage Band’ |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/audiences-praise-sharanya-pradeeps-noteworthy-performance-in-ambajipeta-marriage-band/ |work=The South First |date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ambajipeta Marriage Band review |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/ambajipeta-marriage-band-review-rating-880789 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref>

She also appeared in the ''[[Bhamakalapam (film)|Bhamakalapam]]'' series (2022–2024), where she played a supporting role alongside [[Priyamani]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=11 February 2022 |title=Bhamakalapam review: Priyamani shines in this macabre crime comedy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/bhamakalapam-movie-review-priyamani-shines-in-this-macabre-crime-comedy/article38411422.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhamakalapam 2 review: Lacks the high stakes and dark humour of its predecessor |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Feb/17/bhamakalapam-2-film-review-lacks-the-high-stakes-and-dark-humour-of-its-predecessor |work=The New Indian Express |date=17 February 2024 |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Fidaa]]'' || Renuka || Nominated{{emdash}}[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Shailaja Reddy Alludu]]'' || Kumari ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2019 || ''[[Crazy Crazy Feeling]]'' || Swapna ||
|-
|''[[Dorasaani]]'' || Maid ||
|-
| ''[[Marshal (film)|Marshal]]'' || Suma ||
|-
| ''[[Mismatch (2019 film)|Mismatch]]'' || Mahalakshmi's friend ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Jaanu (2020 film)|Jaanu]]'' || Subhashini || Nominated{{emdash}}Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress
|-
| rowspan="5" |2021 || ''[[30 Rojullo Preminchadam Ela]]'' || Akshara's sister ||
|-
| ''Amma Deevena'' || Padma ||
|-
| ''[[Pushpaka Vimanam]]'' || Meenakshi's Friend ||
|-
|''[[Sashi (film)|Sashi]]'' || Padma ||
|-
| ''[[Thellavarithe Guruvaram]]'' || Vijaya ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2022 || ''[[Bhamakalapam (film)|Bhamakalapam]]'' || Shilpa ||
|-
| ''[[Mishan Impossible]]'' || Raghupati's mother ||
|-
| ''[[The Warriorr]]'' || Nitya || Shot simultaneously in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
| ''[[Krishna Vrinda Vihari]]'' || Saindhavi ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023 || ''[[Kushi (2023 film)|Kushi]]'' || Deepu ||
|-
| ''[[Martin Luther King (film)|Martin Luther King]]'' || Vasantha ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024 || ''[[Ambajipeta Marriage Band]]'' || Padma ||
|-
| ''[[Bhamakalapam 2]]'' || Shilpa ||
|-
|[[Swag (film)|''Swag'']]
|Dakshayani / Kausalya
|
|-
| ''[[KA (film)|KA]]'' || Gurunadham’s adopted daughter ||
|}

=== Television ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Network
|-
|2014-2015 || ''Teenmaar News'' || Lachamma || V6 News
|-
|2015-2021 || ''Dhoom Dhaam Muchatlu'' || || T News
|-
|2022 || ''[[Recce]]'' || Vasantha
|| [[ZEE5]]
|-
|2022 || ''[[Gaalivaana]]'' || Jyothi || [[ZEE5]]
|}

== Awards ==
*[[Gaddar Telangana Film Awards]] 2025: Best Supporting Actress for ''[[Ambajipeta Marriage Band]].''<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-06-15 |title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards 2025: Allu Arjun, Nandamuri Balakrishna, Nag Ashwin and more honoured |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-2025-allu-arjun-nandamuri-balakrishna-nag-ashwin-and-more-honoured/article69697102.ece |access-date=2026-01-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|9556742}}

[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Nizamabad, Telangana]]
[[Category:Actresses from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Burma campaign

2026-03-25T23:58:40Z

Timesofmillionaire: cleanup

{{Short description|1941–1945 campaign during World War II}}
{{For|the British non-governmental organisation|Burma Campaign UK}}
{{Distinguish|Anglo-Burmese Wars}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Burma campaign
| partof = the [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II|South-East Asian]], and [[Pacific War|Pacific Theatres]] of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] and [[World War II]]
| image = Arakan Campaign Indian Division at observation.jpg
| caption = Sikh soldiers of the [[7th Indian Infantry Division]] at an
observation post in the Ngakyedauk Pass, February 1944
| date = {{nowrap|14 December 1941 – 13 September 1945}} ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=14|year1=1941|month2=9|day2=13|year2=1945}})
| place = [[British rule in Burma|Burma]] and [[British Raj|India]]
| casus =
| territory =
| result = Allied victory
| combatant1 = '''[[Allies of World War II|Allies]]:'''{{br}} {{flag|British Empire}}
{{bulleted list|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{flagcountry|British Raj|name=India}}
|{{flagdeco|Burma|1937}} [[British rule in Burma|Burma]]
|{{flagdeco|Gambia|colonial}} [[Gambia Colony and Protectorate|Gambia]]
|{{flag|Gold Coast}}
|{{flagdeco|Kenya|colonial}} [[Kenya Colony|Kenya]]
|{{flagdeco|Nigeria|colonial}} [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria|Nigeria]]<ref name="aljazeera.com">The Burma Boy, Al Jazeera Documentary, [http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeracorrespondent/2011/08/2011828135228487172.html Barnaby Phillips follows the life of one of the forgotten heroes of World War II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203050927/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeracorrespondent/2011/08/2011828135228487172.html |date=3 February 2018 }}, Al Jazeera Correspondent Last Modified: 22 July 2012, 07:21.</ref>
|{{nowrap|{{flag|Northern Rhodesia}}}}
|{{nowrap|{{flag|Southern Rhodesia}}}}
|{{flag|Nyasaland}}
|{{flagdeco|Uganda|colonial}} [[Uganda Protectorate|Uganda]]}}
{{Plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–1949)}} [[Nationalist government|China]]
* {{flag|United States|1912}}
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Nepal|old}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Whelpton|first1=John|title=A History of Nepal|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-52180026-6|page=67|edition=4th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 44142873|title = Nepal and the World Warii|journal = Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume = 53|pages = 580–585|last1 = Singh|first1 = S. B.|year = 1992}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the AFPFL.svg}} [[Burma National Army#Change of sides|PBF]]<ref group=lower-roman name=PBF/> (1945)}}
'''Medical support:''' 
{{flagicon|Belgian Congo}} [[Belgian Congo]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Killingray|first=David|title=Fighting for Britain: African Soldiers in the Second World War|year=2012|publisher=James Currey Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-1847010476|page=7}}</ref>
| combatant2 = '''[[Axis powers|Axis]]:''' {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
* {{flag|State of Burma}}
{{flagdeco|India|1931}} [[Azad Hind]]
{{flag|Thailand}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Archibald Wavell]]
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]]
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[George Giffard]]
* {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim|William Slim]]
* {{flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)}} [[Du Yuming]]
* {{flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)}} [[Luo Zhuoying]]
* {{flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)}} [[Wei Lihuang]]
* {{flagdeco|United States|1912}} [[Joseph Stilwell]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the AFPFL.svg}} [[Aung San]] (1945)
}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army}} [[Shōjirō Iida]]
* {{flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army}} [[Masakazu Kawabe]]
* {{flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army}} [[Heitarō Kimura]]
* {{flagdeco|Empire of Japan|army}} [[Renya Mutaguchi]]
* {{flagdeco|India|1931}} [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]
* {{flagdeco|Burma|1943}} [[Ba Maw]]
* {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Burma|1943}} [[Aung San]] (1941–1945)}}
* {{flagdeco|Thailand}} [[Charun Rattanakun Seriroengrit|C. R. Seriroengrit]]
* {{flagdeco|Thailand}} [[Phin Choonhavan]]
}}
| strength1 = '''1942–1943''' {{flagicon|Republic of China (1912–49)}} 95,000<ref group=lower-roman name=CEF/>–103,000<ref name="國史館">{{cite book |title= 紀念七七抗戰六十週年學術硏討會論文集 |trans-title= Proceedings of the Academic Symposium to Commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the July 7th War of Resistance|publisher=國史館 [National History Museum] |date =1998 |page=240}}{{Full citation needed|reason= Please provide fuller details such as url|date=February 2025}}</ref> {{flagicon|United Kingdom}}{{flagicon|British Raj}} 42,000–47,000<ref name=EWAR1733>[http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EWAR1733&DataType=WorldHistory&WinType=Free Facts on File: World War II in the China-Burma-India theater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401041737/http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EWAR1733&DataType=WorldHistory&WinType=Free |date=1 April 2016 }}, Retrieved 20 March 2016.</ref> '''1944–1945''' {{flagicon|United Kingdom}}{{flagicon|British Raj}} 1,000,000<ref group=lower-roman name=IN/><ref name="ReferenceA">Ellis, John, World War II: A Statistical Survey: The Essential Facts and Figures for All the Combatants, 1993.</ref> {{flagicon|Republic of China (1912–49)}} 250,000<ref group=lower-roman name=XY/><ref name="中国抗日战争正面战场作战记">{{cite book|url=http://book.newdu.com/pbs/Print.asp?ArticleID=11831&Page=459|title=中国抗日战争正面战场作战记|language=zh|pages=460–461|access-date=28 December 2015|archive-date=7 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107103652/http://book.newdu.com/pbs/Print.asp?ArticleID=11831&Page=459|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Chinese source about Burma Campaign">《中缅印战场抗日战争史》，徐康明著，解放军出版社，2007年</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.qulishi.com/huati/yuanzhengjunrumian/ |title=远征军入缅作战简介_远征军入缅作战的时间死亡人数_远征军入缅作战的意义结果损失 – 趣历史 – 趣历史 |access-date=29 December 2015 |archive-date=18 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318151945/http://m.qulishi.com/huati/yuanzhengjunrumian/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{flagicon|United States|1912}} 12,000<ref>McLynn, p. 1.</ref><ref group=lower-roman name=MD/> {{flagicon image|Flag of the AFPFL.svg}} 15,000<ref group=lower-roman name=PBF/><ref name=Seekins>Donald M. Seekins, ''Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar)'' (Scarecrow Press, 2006).</ref>
| strength2 = '''1942–1943''' {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} ~300,000{{sfn|Bayly|Harper|2005|p=273}} {{flagicon|Thailand}} 35,000<ref>{{cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Bruce E.|title=Thailand and Japan's Southern Advance, 1940-1945|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|year=1994|isbn=978-0-312-10402-3|page=116}}</ref> {{flagicon|Burma|1943}} 23,000 (1942)<ref>Donald M. Seekins, ''Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar)'' (Scarecrow Press, 2006), 125.</ref> '''1944–1945''' {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} 316,700 (1944)<ref>Allen, ''Burma: The Longest War'', p. 662.</ref> {{flagicon|India|1931}} 43,000 (1945)
| casualties1 = '''Total Allied Casualties: 212,016–233,016''' 
{{flagicon|Republic of China (1912–49)}} 122,163–143,163 casualties
*40,000<ref name=hwar_burma>[http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/campaign_burma_japanese.html Japanese conquest of Burma, December 1941 – May 1942] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716032938/http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/campaign_burma_japanese.html |date=16 July 2017 }}, Retrieved 20 March 2016.</ref><ref>Mclynn pp. 67</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bradford | first=James | title=International Encyclopedia of Military History | publisher=Routledge | date=19 September 2006 | page=221}}</ref> – 61,000 losses during the 1942 [[Japanese conquest of Burma]]{{efn|Most died during the retreat.}}<ref>{{cite book |title=从沉沦到荣光 |publisher=远方出版社 |date=2008 |page=388|last=Jifeng |first=Li}}</ref> {{efn|An alternative estimate is 56,480 losses<ref name="國史館"/> }}
*82,163 casualties from 1943 to 1945{{efn|Total Chinese losses were 35,812 killed or missing, with 46,351 wounded. X Force lost 4,218 killed, 10,403 wounded, and 151 missing.<ref>{{cite book|title=云南省志卷49 军事志 |trans-title=Yunnan Provincial Annals Volume 49 : Military Affairs |date=1997 |author=[[People's Liberation Army Yunnan Military District]] |publisher=[[Yunnan People's Publishing House]] |page=268}}</ref> Y Force lost 31,443 killed and 35,948 wounded<ref>{{cite book|url=http://book.newdu.com/pbs/Print.asp?ArticleID=11831&Page=476|title=中国抗日战争正面战场作战记|language=zh|pages=476|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602123510/http://book.newdu.com/pbs/Print.asp?ArticleID=11831&Page=476|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ~86,600 casualties<ref name="McLynn, pg. 1"/><ref>Nesbit, ''The Battle for Burma'' pp. 240.</ref>
* 28,878 killed and missing
* 44,731 wounded
* ~12,700 died of disease
{{flagicon|United States|1912}} 3,253 total casualties<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/Casualties/Casualties-1.html US Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War 2: Final Report.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422131435/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/Casualties/Casualties-1.html |date=22 April 2021 }} Combined Arms Research Library, Department of the Army. 25 June 1953. P. 76. Includes 1,466 "battle deaths" (1,121 killed in action) and 123 who died of wounds, for a total of 1,589 killed.</ref><ref>[http://www.marauder.org/casualty.htm Marauder.org: casualties.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722232423/http://www.marauder.org/casualty.htm |date=22 July 2015 }} Retrieved 22 July 2015.</ref><ref group=lower-roman name=US/> 
| casualties2 = '''Total Axis Casualties: 210,000-228,000+''' 
{{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} 200,000–220,000 casualties
* 144,000<ref>McLynn, ''The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945'', p. 1. Includes 144,000 dead and 56,000 wounded.</ref> – 164,500<ref>[http://www.zephyr.dti.ne.jp/~kj8899/chidorigafuchi.jpg Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100524/http://www.zephyr.dti.ne.jp/~kj8899/chidorigafuchi.jpg |date=16 September 2018 }}. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</ref> total dead including disease
* 115,000+ killed in action{{efn|reference==Japanese forces lost 2,431 KIA in the 1941-1942 Campaign, roughly 15,000 KIA in the Imphal-Kohima Campaign, 18,000 KIA against Chinese forces in North Burma, and 80,000 KIA in General Slim's 1945 Campaign}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Frank |first=Richard |date=2020 |title=Tower of Skulls |publisher=W.W. Norton |page=485}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hastings |first=Max |date=2011 |title=All Hell Let Loose: The World at War 1939-1945 by Hastings, Max |publisher=Vintage |page=563}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hastings |first=Max |date=2011 |title=All Hell Let Loose: The World at War 1939-1945 by Hastings, Max |publisher=Vintage |page=651}}</ref>
* 56,000 wounded<ref>Mclynn, p. 1.</ref>
{{flagdeco|Thailand}} ~150 in combat 
• 5,149 died from diseases<ref>{{cite book|last=Meyer|first=Milton Walter |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VEoy7AL0PaYC&pg=PA309|title = Asia: A Concise History |year=1997 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham |page=309 |isbn = 978-0-8476-8063-4 }}</ref><ref>Lewis et al. ''World War II'', p. 287.</ref> {{flagdeco|India|1931}} 2,615 dead or missing 
| casualties3 = 250,000<ref>Micheal Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd ed. 2002 {{ISBN|0-7864-1204-6}}. p. 556.</ref> to 1,000,000<ref name="McLynn, pg. 1">McLynn, ''The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945'', p. 1.</ref> Burmese civilians killed<ref group=lower-roman name=BG/>
| notes = {{Notelist}}
{{Reflist|group=lower-roman |refs=
<ref name=CEF>[[Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma]].</ref>
<ref name=XY>The [[X Force (Chinese Expeditionary Force)|X Force]] (About 75,000 troops) and [[Y Force]] (175,000 troops)</ref>
<ref name=MD>3,000 were frontline combat troops ([[Merrill's Marauders]]); the rest were engineering and air force personnel.</ref>
<ref name=US>[[Merrill's Marauders]] losses accounted for 2,394 of this figure, including 424 combat casualties and 1,970 deaths or evacuations due to disease.</ref>
<ref name=BG>Total excludes the approximately 3 million civilians who died in the [[Bengal famine of 1943|Bengal famine]].</ref>
<ref name=IN>They were drawn primarily from British India. Most of them stayed and defended in India, and did not participate in the counter-offensives in Burma.</ref>
<ref name=PBF>The [[Burma National Army]] after it revolted against the Japanese and joined the allies as the [[Burma National Army#Change of sides|Patriotic Burmese Forces]].</ref>
}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Burma}}
{{Campaignbox Second Sino-Japanese War}}
{{Campaignbox South-East Asian Theatre}}
{{Campaignbox World War II}}
{{Japanese colonial campaigns}}
}}

The '''Burma campaign''' was a series of battles fought in the British colony of [[British rule in Burma|Burma]] as part of the [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II]]. It primarily involved forces of the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] (mainly from the [[British Empire]] and the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], with support from the [[United States]]) against the invading forces of the [[Empire of Japan]]. Imperial Japan was supported by the [[Thailand in World War II|Thai]] [[Phayap Army]], as well as two [[Collaboration with Imperial Japan|collaborationist]] independence movements and armies, The [[State of Burma]] and the [[Azad Hind|Provisional Government of Free India]]. Nominally independent puppet states were established in the conquered areas and some [[Saharat Thai Doem|territories were annexed]] by Thailand. In 1942 and 1943, the international Allied force in [[British Raj|British India]] launched [[Burma campaign (1942–1943)|several failed offensives]] to retake lost territories. [[Burma campaign (1944)|Fighting intensified in 1944]], and British Empire forces peaked at around 1 million land and air forces. These forces were drawn primarily from British India, with British Army forces (equivalent to eight regular infantry divisions and six tank regiments),<ref>Martin Brayley, Mike Chappell. "The British Army 1939–45 (3): The Far East". Osprey Publishing, p. 6.</ref> 100,000 East and West African colonial troops, and smaller numbers of land and air forces from several other Dominions and Colonies.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> These additional forces allowed the [[Burma campaign (1944–1945)|Allied recapture of Burma]] in 1945.

The campaign had a number of notable features. The geographical characteristics of the region meant that weather, disease and terrain had a major effect on operations. The lack of transport infrastructure placed an emphasis on military engineering and air transport to move and supply troops, and evacuate wounded. The campaign was also politically complex, with the British, the United States and the Chinese all having different strategic priorities. It was also the only land campaign by the Western Allies in the Pacific Theatre which proceeded continuously from the start of hostilities to the end of the war. This was due to its geographical location. By extending from South East Asia to India, its area included some lands which the British lost at the outset of the war, but also included areas of India wherein the Japanese advance was eventually stopped. The climate of the region is dominated by the seasonal [[monsoon]] rains, which allowed effective campaigning for only just over half of each year. This, together with other factors such as famine and disorder in British India and the [[Europe first|priority given by the Allies]] to the defeat of [[Nazi Germany]], prolonged the campaign and divided it into four phases: the Japanese invasion, which led to the expulsion of British, Indian and Chinese forces in 1942; failed attempts by the Allies to mount offensives into Burma, from late 1942 to early 1944; the 1944 Japanese invasion of India, which ultimately failed following the battles of [[Battle of Imphal|Imphal]] and [[Battle of Kohima|Kohima]]; and finally the successful Allied offensive which liberated Burma from late 1944 to mid-1945.

The campaign was also strongly affected from the political atmosphere which erupted in the South-East Asian regions occupied by Japan, who pursued the [[Pan-Asianism|Pan-Asianist]] policy of a "[[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere]]". These led to a Japanese-sponsored revolution during the initial invasion and the establishment of the [[State of Burma]], whose [[Burma Independence Army]] had spearheaded the initial attacks against the country. The [[Provisional Government of Free India]], with its [[Indian National Army]] fought under Imperial Japan, especially during [[Operation U-Go]] in 1944. The INA had earlier [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborated with Nazi Germany]]. The dominating attitude of the [[Japanese militarism|Japanese militarist]] who commanded the army stationed in the country, ultimately doomed the co-prosperity sphere as a whole, leading to local hopes for real independence fading and a revolt by the Burma National Army in 1945. On the Allied side, political relations were mixed for much of the war. The [[China Burma India Theater]] American-trained Chinese [[X Force (Chinese Expeditionary Force)|X Force]] led to cooperation between the two countries, but the clashing strategies proposed by General [[Joseph Stilwell]] and Chinese Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]] would lead to Stilwell's eventual removal from his position as American Commander of the theater. On the other hand, [[China–India relations]] were positive from the cooperative [[Burma Road]], built to reach the Chinese [[Y Force]] and the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Chinese war effort inside China]], as well as from the missions over the extremely dangerous air route over the [[Himalayas]], nicknamed "[[The Hump]]". The campaign would have a great impact on the [[Union of Burma (1948–1962)|independence struggle of Burma]] and [[Indian independence movement|India]] in the post-war years.

== Japanese conquest of Burma ==
{{Main|Japanese invasion of Burma}}

{{See also|Malayan Campaign|Battle of Singapore|Dutch East Indies campaign}}

Japanese objectives in Burma were initially limited to the capture of [[Yangon|Rangoon]], the capital and principal seaport. This would close the overland supply line to China and provide a strategic bulwark to defend Japanese gains in [[British Malaya]] and the [[Dutch East Indies]]. The [[Fifteenth Army (Japan)|Japanese Fifteenth Army]] under Lieutenant General [[Shōjirō Iida]], initially consisting of only two infantry divisions, moved into northern Thailand (which had signed a treaty of friendship with Japan), and launched an attack over jungle-clad mountain ranges into the southern Burmese province of Tenasserim (now [[Tanintharyi Region]]) in January 1942.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

In the face of the Japanese advances, huge numbers of Indians, Anglo-Indians, and Anglo-Burmese fled Burma, around 600,000 by the autumn of 1942. Perhaps 80,000 of those in flight would die from starvation, exhaustion and disease.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bayly|Harper|2005|p=167}}.</ref> Some of the worst massacres in Burma during World War II would be perpetrated not by the Japanese but by Burmese gangs linked to the [[Burma Independence Army]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Bayly|Harper|2005|p=172}}.</ref>

The Japanese successfully attacked over the [[Kawkareik]] Pass and captured the port of [[Mawlamyine|Moulmein]] at the mouth of the [[Salween River]] after overcoming stiff resistance. They then advanced northwards, outflanking successive British defensive positions. Troops of the [[17th Infantry Division (India)|17th Indian Infantry Division]] tried to retreat over the [[Sittaung River]], but Japanese parties reached the vital bridge before they did. On 22 February, the bridge was demolished to prevent its capture, a decision that has since been extremely contentious.

The loss of two brigades of 17th Indian Division meant that Rangoon could not be defended. [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|General Archibald Wavell]], the commander-in-chief of the [[American-British-Dutch-Australian Command]], nevertheless ordered Rangoon to be held as he was expecting substantial reinforcements from the Middle East. Although some units arrived, counterattacks failed and the new commander of Burma Army (General [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Harold Alexander]]), ordered the city to be evacuated on 7 March after its port and oil refinery had been destroyed. The remnants of Burma Army broke out to the north, narrowly escaping encirclement.

On the eastern part of the front, in the [[Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road]], the Chinese [[200th Division]] held up the Japanese for a time around [[Battle of Toungoo|Toungoo]], but after its fall the road was open for motorised troops of the [[56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 56th Division]] to shatter the Chinese Sixth Army to the east in the [[Karenni States]] and advance northward through the [[Shan States]] to capture [[Lashio]], outflanking the Allied defensive lines and cutting off the Chinese armies from [[Yunnan]]. With the effective collapse of the entire defensive line, there was little choice left other than an overland retreat to India or to Yunnan.

===Japanese advance to the Indian frontier===

After the [[Japanese invasion of Burma#Japanese capture of Rangoon|fall of Rangoon]] in March 1942, the Allies attempted to make a stand in the north of the country (Upper Burma), having been reinforced by a [[Chinese Expeditionary Force (Burma)|Chinese Expeditionary Force]]. The Japanese had also been reinforced by two divisions made available by the capture of Singapore and defeated both the newly organised [[Burma Corps]] and the Chinese force. The Allies were also faced with growing numbers of Burmese insurgents and the civil administration broke down in the areas they still held. With their forces cut off from almost all sources of supply, the Allied commanders finally decided to evacuate their forces from Burma. On 16 April, in Burma, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the [[Battle of Yenangyaung]] and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division.{{sfn|Slim|1972|pp=71–4}}

The retreat was conducted in very difficult circumstances. Starving refugees, disorganised stragglers, and the sick and wounded clogged the primitive roads and tracks leading to India. Burma Corps managed to make it most of the way to [[Imphal]], in [[Manipur]] in India, just before the monsoon broke in May 1942, having lost most of their equipment and transport. There, they found themselves living out in the open under torrential rains in extremely unhealthy circumstances. The army and civil authorities in India were very slow to respond to the needs of the troops and civilian refugees.

Due to lack of communication, when the British retreated from Burma, almost none of the Chinese knew about the retreat. Realising that they could not win without British support, some of the [[X Force (Chinese Expeditionary Force)|X Force]] committed by [[Chiang Kai-shek]] made a hasty and disorganised retreat to India, where they were put under the command of the American General [[Joseph Stilwell]]. After recuperating they were re-equipped and retrained by American instructors. The rest of the Chinese troops tried to return to Yunnan through remote mountainous forests and of these, at least half died.

===Thai army enters Burma===
{{Main|Phayap Army|Saharat Thai Doem}}

In accordance with the Thai military alliance with Japan that was signed on 21 December 1941, on 21 March, the Thais and Japanese also agreed that the Karenni State and [[Shan State]]s were to be under Thai control. The rest of Burma was to be under Japanese control.

The leading elements of the Thai [[Phayap Army]] under General [[Jarun Rattanakun Seriroengrit|J. R. Seriroengrit]] crossed the border into the Shan States on 10 May 1942. Three Thai infantry division and one cavalry division, spearheaded by armoured reconnaissance groups and supported by the [[Royal Thai Air Force]], engaged the retreating Chinese 93rd Division. [[Kengtung]], the main objective, was captured on 27 May. On 12 July, General [[Phin Choonhavan]], who would become the Thai military governor of the [[Saharat Thai Doem|occupied Shan State]] later in the war, ordered the 3rd Division of the Phayap Army from the southern part of the Shan State to occupy Karenni State and expel the Chinese 55th Division from [[Loikaw]]. The Chinese troops could not retreat because the routes to Yunnan were controlled by Axis forces and many Chinese soldiers were captured. The Thais remained in control of the Shan States for the remainder of the war. Their troops suffered from supply shortages and disease, but were not subjected to Allied attacks.

==Allied setbacks, 1942–1943==
{{Main|Burma campaign (1942–1943)}}

[[File:India+in+world+war+two+2.jpg|thumb|left|Indian troops move ammunition in very muddy conditions whilst on the road to [[Tamu, Myanmar|Tamu]], 1943.]]

The Japanese did not renew their offensive after the monsoon ended. They installed a nominally independent Burmese government under [[Ba Maw]], and reformed the [[Burma Independence Army]] on a more regular basis as the Burma National Army under General [[Aung San]]. In practice, both government and army were strictly controlled by the Japanese authorities.

On the Allied side, operations in Burma over the remainder of 1942 and in 1943 were a study of military frustration. Britain could only maintain three active campaigns, and immediate offensives in both the [[Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II|Middle East]] and Far East proved impossible through lack of resources. The Middle East was accorded priority, being closer to home and in accordance with the "Germany First" policy in London and Washington.

The Allied buildup was also hampered by the disordered state of Eastern India at the time. There were violent [[Quit India movement|Quit India protests]] in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] and [[Bihar Province|Bihar]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Bayly|Harper|2005|pp=247–249}}.</ref> which required large numbers of British troops to suppress. There was also a disastrous [[Bengal famine of 1943|famine in Bengal]], which may have led to 3 million deaths through starvation, disease and exposure. In such conditions of chaos, it was difficult to improve the inadequate lines of communication to the front line in Assam or make use of local industries for the war effort. Efforts to improve the training of Allied troops took time and in forward areas poor morale and endemic disease combined to reduce the strength and effectiveness of the fighting units.

Nevertheless, the Allies mounted two operations during the 1942–1943 dry season. The first was a small offensive into the coastal [[Arakan Province]] of Burma. The Indian [[Eastern Army (United Kingdom)|Eastern Army]] intended to reoccupy the Mayu peninsula and [[Akyab Island]], which had an important airfield. A division advanced to Donbaik, only a few miles from the end of the peninsula but was halted by a small but well entrenched Japanese force. At this stage of the war, the Allies lacked the means and tactical ability to overcome strongly constructed Japanese bunkers. Repeated British and Indian attacks failed with heavy casualties. Japanese reinforcements arrived from Central Burma and crossed rivers and mountain ranges which the Allies had declared to be impassable, to hit the Allies' exposed left flank and overrun several units. The exhausted British were unable to hold any defensive lines and were forced to abandon much equipment and fall back almost to the Indian frontier.

The second action was controversial. Under the command of Brigadier [[Orde Wingate]], a long-range penetration unit known as the [[Chindits]] infiltrated through the Japanese front lines and marched deep into Burma, with the initial aim of cutting the main north–south railway in Burma in an operation codenamed Operation ''Longcloth''. Some 3,000 men entered Burma in many columns. They damaged communications of the Japanese in northern Burma, cutting the railway for possibly two weeks but they suffered heavy casualties. Though the results were questioned the operation was used to propaganda effect, particularly to insist that British and Indian soldiers could live, move and fight as effectively as the Japanese in the jungle, doing much to restore morale among Allied troops.

==The balance shifts 1943–1944==
[[File:SE 000014 Mountbatten as SACSEA during Arakan tour.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Louis Mountbatten]], Supreme Allied Commander, seen during his tour of the Arakan Front in February 1944]]

{{Main|Burma campaign (1944)}}

From December 1943 to November 1944 the strategic balance of the Burma campaign shifted decisively. Improvements in Allied leadership, training and logistics, together with greater firepower and growing Allied air superiority, gave Allied forces a confidence they had previously lacked. In the Arakan, [[XV Indian Corps]] withstood, and then broke, a Japanese counterstrike, while the Japanese invasion of India resulted in unbearably heavy losses and the ejection of the Japanese back beyond the [[Chindwin River]].

===Allied plans===
In August 1943, the Allies created [[South East Asia Command]] (SEAC), a new combined command responsible for the South-East Asian Theatre, under Admiral [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Louis Mountbatten]]. The training, equipment, health and morale of Allied troops under [[British Fourteenth Army]] under Lieutenant General [[William Slim]] was improving, as was the capacity of the [[North-east Indian railways during World War II|lines of communication in North-eastern India]]. An innovation was the extensive use of aircraft to transport and supply troops.

SEAC had to accommodate several rival plans, many of which had to be dropped for lack of resources. Amphibious landings on the Andaman Islands (Operation "Pigstick") and in Arakan were abandoned when the landing craft assigned were recalled to Europe in preparation for the [[Normandy Landings]].

The major effort was intended to be by American-trained Chinese troops of [[Northern Combat Area Command]] (NCAC) under Stilwell, to cover the construction of the [[Ledo Road]]. Orde Wingate had controversially gained approval for a greatly expanded Chindit force, which was given the task of assisting Stilwell by disrupting the Japanese lines of supply to the northern front. Chiang Kai-shek had also agreed reluctantly to mount an offensive from Yunnan.

Under British Fourteenth Army, the Indian [[XV Corps (British India)|XV Corps]] prepared to renew the advance in Arakan province, while [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|IV Corps]] launched a tentative advance from Imphal in the centre of the long front to distract Japanese attention from the other offensives.

===Japanese plans===
[[File:Masakazu Kawabe.jpg|thumb|upright|Lieutenant General Kawabe, commander of the [[Japanese Burma Area Army]]]]

About the same time that SEAC was established, the Japanese created the [[Burma Area Army]] under Lieutenant General [[Masakazu Kawabe]], which took under command the Fifteenth Army and the newly formed [[Twenty-Eighth Army (Japan)|Twenty-Eighth Army]].

The new commander of Fifteenth Army, Lieutenant General [[Renya Mutaguchi]] was keen to mount an offensive against India. Burma Area Army originally quashed this idea, but found that their superiors at [[Southern Expeditionary Army Group]] HQ in Singapore were keen on it. When the staff at Southern Expeditionary Army were persuaded that the plan was inherently risky, they in turn found that [[Imperial General Headquarters]] in Tokyo was in favour of Mutaguchi's plan.

[[File:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]], the Commander-of-Chief of the [[Indian National Army]]]]

The Japanese were influenced to an unknown degree by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], commander of the [[Indian National Army]]. This was composed largely of Indian soldiers who had been captured in Malaya or Singapore, and Indians ([[Tamil people|Tamils]]) living in Malaya. At Bose's instigation, a substantial contingent of the INA joined in this ''Dilli Chalo'' ("March on Delhi") with the war cry [[Jai Hind]]. Both Bose and Mutaguchi emphasised the advantages which would be gained by a successful attack into India, with the ultimate plan being that once Japanese forces had broken through British defences at [[Imphal]], the INA would cross the hills of [[North-East India]] into the [[Gangetic plain]], where it would work as a guerrilla army.<ref name=Fay268>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|p=268}}</ref> This army was expected to live off the land, with captured British supplies, support, and personnel from the local population.<ref name=Fay262>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|p=262}}</ref> With misgivings on the part of several of Mutaguchi's superiors and subordinates, [[Operation U-Go]] was launched.<ref>Allen, ''Burma: the Longest Campaign'', pp. 157–170.</ref>

===Northern and Yunnan front 1943–1944===
Stilwell's forces (designated X Force) initially consisted of two American-equipped Chinese divisions with a Chinese-manned [[Stuart tank|M3 Light Tank]] battalion and an American long-range penetration brigade known as "[[Merrill's Marauders]]".

In 1943, the Thai Phayap Army invasion headed to [[Xishuangbanna]] at China, but were driven back by the Chinese nationalist force.

[[File:Allied lines of communication in Southeast Asia, 1942-43.jpg|thumb|left|The [[The Hump|India–China airlift]] delivered approximately 650,000 tons of material to China at a cost of 1,659 men and 594 aircraft.]]

In October 1943 the Chinese 38th Division led by [[Sun Li-jen]] began to advance from [[Ledo, Assam]] towards [[Myitkyina]] and [[Mogaung]] while American engineers and Indian labourers extended the Ledo Road behind them. The [[18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 18th Division]] was repeatedly outflanked by the Marauders and threatened with encirclement.

In [[Chindits#Operation Thursday|Operation Thursday]], the Chindits were to support Stilwell by interdicting Japanese communications in the region of [[Indaw]]. A brigade began marching across the [[Patkai]] mountains on 5 February 1944. In early March three other brigades were flown into landing zones behind Japanese lines by the [[Royal Air Force]] and the [[United States Army Air Forces|USAAF]] and established defensive strongholds around Indaw.

Meanwhile, the Chinese forces on the Yunnan front ([[Y Force]]) mounted an attack starting in the second half of April, with nearly 75,000 troops crossing the Salween river on a {{convert|300|km|adj=on}} front. Soon some twelve Chinese divisions of 175,000 men,<ref name="中国抗日战争正面战场作战记"/> under General [[Wei Lihuang]], were attacking the Japanese 56th Division. The Japanese forces in the North were now fighting on two fronts in northern Burma.

On 17 May, control of the Chindits passed from Slim to Stilwell. The Chindits now moved from the Japanese rear areas to new bases closer to Stilwell's front, and were given additional tasks by Stilwell for which they were not equipped. They achieved several objectives, but at the cost of heavy casualties. By the end of June, they had linked up with Stilwell's forces but were exhausted, and were withdrawn to India.

Also on 17 May, a force of two Chinese regiments, Unit Galahad (Merrill's Marauders) and Kachin guerrillas captured the airfield at Myitkyina.<ref>Allen, ''Burma: The Longest War'', pp. 364–365.</ref> The Allies did not immediately follow up this success and the Japanese were able to reinforce the town, which fell only after a siege that lasted until 3 August. The capture of [[Myitkyina Airport|Myitkyina airfield]] nevertheless immediately helped secure the air link from India to [[Chongqing]] over [[the Hump]].

By the end of May, the Yunnan offensive, though hampered by the monsoon rains and lack of air support, succeeded in annihilating the garrison of [[Tengchong County|Tengchong]] and eventually reached as far as [[Longling County|Longling]]. Strong Japanese reinforcements then counterattacked and halted the Chinese advance.

===Southern front 1943–1944===
[[File:IND 003714 Battlefield on Scraggy Hill at Shenam.jpg|thumb|The scene on Scraggy Hill, captured by the [[10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles|10th Gurkhas]] during the [[Battle of Imphal]]]]

In Arakan, Indian XV Corps under Lieutenant General [[Philip Christison]] renewed the advance on the Mayu peninsula. Ranges of steep hills channelled the advance into three attacks each by an Indian or West African division. The [[5th Indian Infantry Division]] captured the small port of [[Maungdaw]] on 9 January 1944. The Corps then prepared to capture two railway tunnels linking Maungdaw with the [[Buthidaung|Kalapanzin valley]] but the Japanese struck first. A strong force from the [[55th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 55th Division]] infiltrated Allied lines to attack the [[7th Indian Infantry Division]] from the rear, overrunning the divisional HQ.

Unlike previous occasions on which this had happened, the Allied forces stood firm against the attack and supplies were dropped to them by parachute. In the [[Battle of the Admin Box]] from 5 to 23 February, the Japanese concentrated on XV Corps' Administrative Area, defended mainly by line of communication troops but they were unable to deal with tanks supporting the defenders, while troops from 5th Indian Division broke through the [[Ngakyedauk Pass]] to relieve the defenders of the box. Although battle casualties were approximately equal, the result was a heavy Japanese defeat. Their infiltration and encirclement tactics had failed to panic Allied troops and as the Japanese were unable to capture enemy supplies, they starved.

Over the next few weeks, XV Corps' offensive ended as the Allies concentrated on the Central Front. After capturing the railway tunnels, XV Corps halted during the monsoon.

==Japanese invasion of India 1944==
{{Main|Operation U-Go|Battle of Imphal|Battle of Kohima}}

[[File:Kohima.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Imphal and Kohima Campaign]]

IV Corps, under Lieutenant-General [[Geoffry Scoones]], had pushed forward two divisions to the Chindwin River. One division was in reserve at Imphal in [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]]. There were indications that a major Japanese offensive was building. Slim and Scoones planned to withdraw and force the Japanese to fight with their logistics stretched beyond the limit. However, they misjudged the date on which the Japanese were to attack, and the strength they would use against some objectives.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Slim |title=Defeat into Victory: Battling Japan in Burma and India, 1942-1945 |date=9 February 2000 |publisher=First Cooper Square Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-8154-1022-5 |pages=329–340 (Chapter XIII) |edition=First Cooper Square press edition 2000 }}</ref>

The Japanese Fifteenth Army consisted of three infantry divisions and a brigade-sized detachment ("Yamamoto Force"), and the 1st division of the Indian National Army. Mutaguchi, planned to cut off and destroy the forward divisions of IV Corps before capturing Imphal, while the [[IJA 31st Division|Japanese 31st Division]] alongside the INA 2nd division isolated Imphal by capturing [[Kohima]]. Mutaguchi intended to exploit the capture of Imphal by capturing the strategic city of [[Dimapur]], in the [[Brahmaputra River]] valley. If this could be achieved, the lines of communication to General Stilwell's forces and the airbases used to supply the Chinese over the Hump would be cut.

The Japanese troops crossed the Chindwin River on 8 March with the bulk of the INA First Division under [[Shah Nawaz Khan (general)|Shah Nawaz Khan]] defending their flanks from Chin and Kashin guerillas.<ref name=Fayp283and284>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|pp=283–284}}</ref><ref name=Toyep189to191>{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|pp=189–191}}</ref> Scoones (and Slim) were slow to order their forward troops to withdraw and the [[17th Indian Infantry Division]] was cut off at [[Tiddim]]. It fought its way back to Imphal with aid from Scoones's reserve division, supplied by parachute drops. North of Imphal, [[50th Indian Parachute Brigade]] was defeated at Sangshak by a regiment from the Japanese 31st Division on its way to Kohima. Imphal was thus left vulnerable to an attack by the [[15th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 15th Division]] from the north but because the diversionary attack launched by Japanese in Arakan had already been defeated, Slim was able to move the 5th Indian Division by air to the Central Front. Two brigades went to Imphal, the other went to Dimapur from where it sent a detachment to Kohima.

By the end of the first week in April, IV Corps had concentrated in the Imphal plain. The Japanese launched several offensives during the month. Despite their efforts, they could not hold onto any gains made for long and suffered heavy casualties. The INA during this time served to back up the 15th Division, however aside from an INA contingent under Col. [[Shaukat Malik]] taking the Border enclave of [[Moirang]] on the 14th,<ref name=Toye1959p198&215>{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|pp=198, 215}}</ref> their independent activities were largely limited due to their Japanese patrons' supply lines being stretched thin. At the start of May, Slim and Scoones began a counter-offensive against the Japanese 15th Division and INA 1st Division north of Imphal. Progress was slow, as movement was made difficult by monsoon rains and IV Corps was short of supplies.

Also at the beginning of April, the Japanese 31st Division under Lieutenant-General [[Kotoku Sato]] alongside the INA 2nd Division under M.Z. Kiani to their right flank reached Kohima. Instead of isolating the small British garrison there and pressing on with his main force to Dimapur, Sato cand Kiani chose to capture the [[hill station]]. The siege lasted from 5 to 18 April, when the exhausted defenders were relieved. A new formation HQ, the [[XXXIII Corps (British India)|Indian XXXIII Corps]] under Lieutenant-General [[Montagu Stopford]], now took over operations on this front. The [[2nd British Infantry Division]] began a counter-offensive and by 15 May, they had prised the Japanese & INA off Kohima Ridge itself. After a pause during which more Allied reinforcements arrived, XXXIII Corps renewed its offensive.

[[File:IND 003698 Garrison Hill Kohima.jpg|thumb|left|View of the Garrison Hill battlefield, the key to the British defences at Kohima]]

By now, the Japanese and INA were at the end of their endurance. Their troops (particularly Japanese 15th and 31st and INA 1st and 2nd Divisions) were starving with nothing much in the way of supplies, and during the monsoon, disease spread rapidly among them. Lieutenant-General Sato had notified Mutaguchi that his and Kiani's divisions would withdraw from Kohima at the end of May if they were not supplied. In spite of orders to hold on and Khan's 1st Division belatedly reinforcing them,<ref>Fay, p.287</ref> Sato did indeed retreat. The leading troops of IV Corps and XXXIII Corps met at Milestone 109 on the Dimapur-Imphal road on 22 June, and the siege of Imphal was raised.

Mutaguchi (and Kawabe) continued to order renewed attacks. The 33rd Division, 1st Division (now redirected back to Imphal) and Yamamoto Force made repeated efforts, but by the end of June they had suffered so many casualties both from battle and disease that they were unable to make any progress. The Imphal operation was finally broken off early in July, and the Japanese retreated painfully to the Chindwin River, A weakened Gandhi regiment of the INA stalled the [[Maratha Light Infantry]] in time for their comrades to cross the river. With the rest of the INA 1st Division including the 1st and 2nd Guerilla regiments protecting the Yamamoto Force's flanks at the most crucial time of the retreat.<ref name="Toye1959207">{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|p=207}}</ref>

It was the greatest defeat to that date in Japanese history. They had suffered 50–60,000 dead,<ref name="Despatch 1944(2)">Despatch "Operations in Assam and Burma from 23RD June 1944 to 12TH November 1944", ''Supplement to the London Gazette'', 3 March 1951, p. 1711.</ref> and 100,000 or more casualties.<ref name="Despatch 1945">Despatch "Operations in Burma 12th November 1944 to 15th August 1945", ''Supplement to the London Gazette'', 6 April 1951, p. 1885.</ref> Most of these losses were the result of disease, malnutrition and exhaustion. The Allies suffered 12,500 casualties, including 2,269 killed.<ref name="Despatch 1944(1)">Despatch "Operations in Burma and North East India 16th November 1943 to 22nd June 1944", ''Supplement to the London Gazette'', 13 March 1951, p. 1361.</ref> Mutaguchi had already relieved all his divisions' commanders, and was himself subsequently relieved of command. The INA too was battered, with entire units either deserting or disbanding and a substantial amount of materiel being lost, initial hopes of advancing into the Brahmaputra valley were squashed and the force was mainly reduced to serving as Auxiliaries for the Japanese. It would never fully recover from the loss for the duration of the war.{{sfn|Fay|1993|p=417}}

During the monsoon from August to November, Fourteenth Army pursued the Japanese to the Chindwin River. While the [[11th East Africa Division]] advanced down the [[Kabaw Valley]] from Tamu, the 5th Indian Division advanced along the mountainous Tiddim road. By the end of November, Kalewa had been recaptured, and several bridgeheads were established on the east bank of the Chindwin.

==Allied capture of Burma 1944–1945==
{{Main|Burma Campaign 1944–1945}}

[[File:Indian troops wade ashore at Akyab, Burma, January 1945. SE2418.jpg|thumb|Indian troops wade ashore at [[Akyab]], January 1945.]]

The Allies launched a series of offensive operations into Burma during late 1944 and the first half of 1945. The command on the front was rearranged in November 1944. Eleventh Army Group HQ was replaced by [[Allied Land Forces South East Asia]] and NCAC and XV Corps were placed directly under this new headquarters. Although the Allies were still attempting to complete the Ledo Road, it was apparent that it would not materially affect the course of the war in China.

The Japanese also made major changes in their command. The most important was the replacement of General Kawabe at Burma Area Army by [[Hyotaro Kimura]]. Kimura threw Allied plans into confusion by refusing to fight at the Chindwin River. Recognising that most of his formations were weak and short of equipment, he withdrew his forces behind the [[Ayeyarwady River|Irrawaddy River]], forcing the Allies to greatly extend their lines of communication.

===Southern front 1944–1945===
In Arakan, XV Corps resumed its advance on Akyab Island for the third year in succession. This time the Japanese were far weaker, and retreated before the steady Allied advance. They evacuated Akyab Island on 31 December 1944. It was occupied by XV Corps without resistance on 3 January 1945 as part of Operation Talon, the amphibious landing at Akyab.

Landing craft had now reached the theatre, and XV Corps launched amphibious attacks on the [[Myebon]] peninsula on 12 January 1945 and at Kangaw ten days later during the [[Battle of Hill 170]] to cut off the retreating Japanese. There was severe fighting until the end of the month, in which the Japanese suffered heavy casualties.

An important objective for XV Corps was the capture of [[Ramree Island]] and [[Cheduba Island]] to construct airfields which would support the Allies' operations in Central Burma. Most of the Japanese garrison died during the [[Battle of Ramree Island]]. XV Corps operations on the mainland were curtailed to release transport aircraft to support Fourteenth Army.

===Northern front 1944–1945===
NCAC resumed its advance late in 1944, although it was progressively weakened by the [[The Hump#Operations Grubworm and Rooster|flyout of Chinese troops]] to the main front in China. On 10 December 1944, the [[36th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|36th British Infantry Division]] on NCAC's right flank made contact with units of Fourteenth Army near Indaw in Northern Burma. Five days later, Chinese troops on the command's left flank captured the city of [[Bhamo]].

NCAC made contact with Chiang's Yunnan armies on 21 January 1945, and the Ledo road could finally be completed, although by this point in the war its value was uncertain. Chiang ordered the American General [[Daniel Isom Sultan]], commanding NCAC, to halt his advance at Lashio, which was captured on 7 March. This was a blow to British plans as it endangered the prospects of reaching Yangon before the onset of the monsoon, expected at the beginning of May. [[Winston Churchill]], British Prime Minister, appealed directly to American chief of staff [[George Marshall]] for the transport aircraft which had been assigned to NCAC to remain in Burma.<ref>Churchill (1954), Chapter 18.</ref> From 1 April, NCAC's operations stopped, and its units returned to China and India. A US-led guerrilla force, [[OSS Detachment 101]], took over the remaining military responsibilities of NCAC.

===Central front 1944–1945===
[[File:A Hawker Hurricane Mk IIC of No. 28 Squadron RAF flys alongside the Aya bridge, which spans the Irrawaddy River near Mandalay, Burma, during a low-level reconnaissance sortie, March 1945. C5108.jpg|thumb|An RAF [[Hawker Hurricane#Specifications (Hurricane Mk.IIC)|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIC]] flies alongside Ava Bridge, which spans the [[Irrawaddy River]] near Mandalay, Burma, during a low-level reconnaissance sortie, March 1945.]]
{{Main|Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay}}

The [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)|Fourteenth Army]], now consisting of IV Corps and XXXIII Corps, made the main offensive effort into Burma. Although the Japanese retreat over the Irrawaddy forced the Allies to completely change their plans, such was the Allies' material superiority that this was done. IV Corps was switched in secret from the right to the left flank of the army and aimed to cross the Irrawaddy near [[Pakokku]] and seize the Japanese line-of-communication centre of [[Meiktila]], while XXXIII Corps continued to advance on [[Mandalay]].

During January and February 1945, XXXIII Corps seized crossings over the Irrawaddy River near Mandalay, defended by the INA's 2nd Division. There was heavy fighting, initially The [[7th Indian Infantry Division]]'s two attempted crossings at Pagan and Nyangu were a disaster with INA machine gun fire tearing through their assault boats.<ref>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|p=332}}</ref> however, aid from the tanks of the [[Gordon Highlanders]] and [[11th Sikh Regiment]] would inflict heavy casualties on the INA defenders and force them to surrender and their remnants to fall back to [[Mount Popa]],<ref>Allen, ''Burma: the Longest Campaign''</ref> which diverted Japanese reserves and fixed their attention. The 17th Indian Division and [[255th Indian Tank Brigade]] followed them across and struck for Meiktila. In the open terrain of Central Burma, this force outmanoeuvred the Japanese and fell on Meiktila on 1 March. The town was captured in four days, despite resistance to the last man.

The Japanese tried first to relieve the garrison at Meiktila and then to recapture the town and destroy its defenders. Their attacks were not properly coordinated and were repulsed, with the INA forces under Prem Sahgal tasked with defending [[Mount Popa]] after their retreat from Pagan and preventing the British 17th Division from exposing Kimura's flank being underequipped, at times fighting tanks with hand grenades and bottles of petrol.<ref name=Fay358>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|p=358}}</ref><ref name=Toye1959p229>{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|p=229}}</ref> By the end of March the Japanese had suffered heavy casualties and lost most of their artillery, their chief anti-tank weapon. They broke off the attack and retreated to Pyawbwe.

By this point, any morale that remained in the INA after Operation U-Go's failure collapsed with many soldiers deserting or surrendering. Isolated, losing men to exhaustion and to desertion, low on ammunition and food, and pursued by Commonwealth forces, the surviving units of the second division began an attempt to withdraw towards Rangoon. They broke through encircling Commonwealth lines a number of times before finally surrendering at various places in early April 1945.<ref name=Fay539>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|p=539}}</ref><ref name=Singh32and33>{{Harvnb|Singh|2003|pp=32–33}}</ref>

XXXIII Corps had renewed its attack on Mandalay. It fell to 19th Indian Division on 20 March, though the Japanese held the former citadel which the British called [[Mandalay Palace|Fort Dufferin]] for another week. Much of the historically and culturally significant portions of Mandalay were burned to the ground.

===Race for Rangoon===
[[File:IND 004652 Stuart tank advancing on Rangoon.jpg|thumb|An [[M3 Stuart]] of an Indian cavalry regiment during the advance on Rangoon, April 1945]]
Though the Allied force had advanced successfully into central Burma, it was vital to capture the port of Rangoon before the monsoon to avoid a logistics crisis. In the spring of 1945, the other factor in the race for Rangoon was the years of preparation by the liaison organisation, [[Force 136]], which resulted in a national uprising within Burma and the defection of the entire [[Burma National Army]] to the allied side. In addition to the allied advance, the Japanese now faced open rebellion behind their lines.

XXXIII Corps mounted Fourteenth Army's secondary drive down the Irrawaddy River valley against stiff resistance from the Japanese Twenty-Eighth Army. IV Corps made the main attack down the "Railway Valley", which was also followed by the Sittaung River. They began by striking at a Japanese delaying position (held by the remnants of the [[Thirty-Third Army (Japan)|Japanese Thirty-Third Army]], INA 1st Division and [[Rani of Jhansi regiment]]) at [[Pyawbwe, Pyawbwe Township|Pyawbwe]]. The attackers were initially halted by a strong defensive position behind a dry waterway, but a flanking move by tanks and mechanised infantry struck the Japanese and INA from the rear and shattered them.

From this point, the advance down the main road to Rangoon faced little organised opposition. An uprising assisted by Force 136 in [[Operation Character]] by [[Karen people|Karen guerillas]] prevented troops from the reorganised Japanese Fifteenth Army from reaching the major road centre of [[Taungoo]] before IV Corps captured it. The leading Allied troops met Japanese rearguards north of [[Bago, Burma|Bago]], {{convert|40|mi}} north of Rangoon, on 25 April. [[Heitarō Kimura]] had formed the various service troops, naval personnel and even Japanese civilians in Yangon into the [[105 Independent Mixed Brigade]]. This scratch formation held up the British advance until 30 April and covered the evacuation of the Rangoon area.

===Operation Dracula===
{{Main|Operation Dracula|Battle of Elephant Point}}

The original conception of the plan to re-take Burma had envisaged XV Corps making an amphibious assault on Rangoon well before Fourteenth Army reached the capital, in order to ease supply problems. This operation, codenamed Operation Dracula, was postponed several times as the necessary landing craft were retained in Europe and finally dropped in favour of an attack on [[Phuket Province|Phuket Island]], off the west coast of Thailand.

Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon to the last man through the monsoon, which would put Fourteenth Army in a disastrous supply situation. He therefore asked for Operation Dracula to be re-mounted at short notice. The naval forces for the attack on Phuket were diverted to Operation Dracula, and units of XV Corps were embarked from Akyab and Ramree.

On 1 May, a Gurkha parachute battalion was dropped on Elephant Point, and cleared Japanese rearguards from the mouth of the [[Yangon River]]. The [[26th Indian Infantry Division]] landed by ship the next day. When they arrived they discovered that Kimura had ordered Rangoon to be evacuated, starting on 22 April, leaving only a small 6,000 strong INA garrison under [[A.D. Loganathan]] who had managed to keep law and order in the city over the past two weeks and who promptly surrendered to Commonwealth forces without much resistance.<ref name=Toye261>{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|p=261}}</ref> On the afternoon of 2 May 1945, the monsoon rains began in full force. The Allied drive to liberate Rangoon before the rains had succeeded with only a few hours to spare.

The leading troops of the 17th and 26th Indian divisions met at Hlegu, {{convert|28|mi}} north of Rangoon, on 6 May.

==Final operations==
{{Main|Battle of the Sittang Bend}}

[[File:Surrender of the Japanese 33rd Army IND4902.jpg|thumb|Lieutenant General Kawada, commander of the [[31st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Japanese 31st Division]], surrenders to Major General Arthur W Crowther, DSO, commander of the [[17th Indian Division]], near [[Mawlamyine|Moulmein]], Burma.]]
After the Allies captured Rangoon, a new [[British Twelfth Army|Twelfth Army]] headquarters was created from XXXIII Corps HQ to take control of the formations which were to remain in Burma.

The Japanese Twenty-Eighth Army, after withdrawing from Arakan and resisting XXXIII Corps in the Irrawaddy valley, retreated into the [[Pegu Yomas]], a range of low jungle-covered hills between the Irrawaddy and Sittang rivers. They planned to break out and rejoin Burma Area Army. To cover this break-out, Kimura ordered Thirty-Third Army to mount a diversionary offensive across the Sittang, although the entire army could muster the strength of barely a regiment. On 3 July, they attacked British positions in the "Sittang Bend". On 10 July, after a battle for country which was almost entirely flooded, both the Japanese and the Allies withdrew.

The Japanese had attacked too early. [[Shōzō Sakurai|Sakurai]]'s Twenty-Eighth Army was not ready to start the break-out until 17 July. The break-out was a disaster. The British had placed ambushes or artillery concentrations on the routes the Japanese were to use. Hundreds of men drowned trying to cross the swollen Sittang on improvised bamboo floats and rafts. Burmese guerrillas and bandits killed stragglers east of the river. The break-out cost the Japanese nearly 10,000 men, half the strength of Twenty-Eighth Army. British and Indian casualties were minimal.

Fourteenth Army (now under Lieutenant General [[Miles Dempsey]]) and XV Corps had returned to India to plan the next stage of the campaign to re-take Southeast Asia. A new corps, the [[Indian XXXIV Corps]], under Lieutenant-General [[Ouvry Lindfield Roberts]] was raised and assigned to Fourteenth Army for further operations.

This was to be an amphibious assault on the western side of Malaya codenamed [[Operation Zipper]]. The surrender of Japan forestalled this operation, but it was undertaken post-war as the quickest way of getting occupation troops into Malaya.

==Results==
[[File:Soldiers of the 11th East African Division crossing the River Chindwin by ferry before moving towards the village of Shwegyin, Burma, December 1944. SE923.jpg|thumb|East African troops in Burma, 1944]]
Generally, the recovery of Burma is reckoned as a triumph for the British Indian Army and resulted in the greatest defeat the Japanese armies had suffered to that date.

The attempted Japanese invasion of India in 1944 was launched on unrealistic premises as after the Singapore debacle and the loss of Burma in 1942, the British were bound to defend India at all costs. A successful invasion by Japanese Imperial forces would have been disastrous. The defence operations at Kohima and Imphal in 1944 have since taken on huge symbolic value as the turning of the tide in British fortunes in the war in the East.

The campaign would also mark the final nail in the coffin for the INA after its short time in the limelight during Operation U-Go. The remaining INA remnants alongside Bose would begin an "epic retreat" to Bangkok, regularly suffering casualties due to strafing from Allied planes and sporadic attacks from [[Aung San]]'s Burmese resistance.<ref name=Toye1959p248>{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|p=248}}</ref>

The American historian Raymond Callahan concluded "Slim's great victory ... helped the British, unlike the French, Dutch or, later, the Americans, to leave Asia with some dignity".<ref>{{cite book|last=Callahan|first=Raymond|author-link=Raymond Callahan|title=Burma 1942–1945: The Politics And Strategy of the Second World War|publisher=Davis-Poynter|year=1978|isbn=978-0-7067-0218-7}}</ref>

After the war ended, a combination of the pre-war agitation among the Bamar population for independence and the economic ruin of Burma during the four-year campaign made it impossible for the former regime to be resumed. Within three years both Burma and India were independent.

American goals in Burma had been to aid the Nationalist Chinese regime. Apart from the "Hump" airlift, these bore no fruit until so near the end of the war that they made little contribution to the defeat of Japan. These efforts have also been criticised as fruitless because of the self-interest and corruption of Chiang Kai-Shek's regime.

==See also==
{{Portal|Japan|United Kingdom|Republic of China}}
* [[India in World War II]]
* [[Japanese occupation of Burma]]
* [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
* [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]]

==References==

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|30em}}
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* {{cite book|last=Carew|first= Tim|title=The Longest Retreat: The Burma campaign 1942 |publisher=Hamish Hamilton|location=London|date=1969|oclc=1440327531}}
* {{cite book|last=Calvert|first=Mike|authorlink1=Mike Calvert|title=Fighting Mad|publisher=Airlife|location=Shrewsberry|date=1996|isbn=185310762X}}
* {{cite book| first=Winston| last=Churchill| series=The Second World War|volume= 6|title=Triumph and Tragedy| year=1954| location=London| publisher=Cassel| oclc=312199790}}
* {{cite book|last=Dillon|first=Terence|title=Rangoon to Kohima|publisher=Regimental Headquarters|location=London|date=1978|oclc=418644711}}
* {{cite book | last = Drea | first = Edward J. | year = 1998 | chapter = An Allied Interpretation of the Pacific War | title = In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army | publisher = University of Nebraska Press | location = Nebraska | isbn = 0-8032-1708-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Farquharson|first= Robert|title=For Your Tomorrow: Canadians and the Burma Campaign, 1941–1945|year=2006|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=978-1-41201-536-3|page=360}}
*{{Citation
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| given1 = Peter W. | author-link = Peter W. Fay
| year = 1993
| title = The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942–1945
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| isbn = 0-472-08342-2
}}
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* {{cite book|last=Hastings|first=Max|author-link=Max Hastings|title=Nemesis|publisher=Harper Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-00-721982-7}}
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* {{cite book|last= Hickey|first=Michael|title=The unforgettable army : Slim's XIVth army in Burma
|publisher=Spellmount|location=Staplehurst|date=2003|isbn=1862270503}}
* {{cite book|last=Hideo|first=Fujino|title=大東亜戦・シンガポールビルマサバイバル記|publisher=近代文芸社|location=Tokyo|date=1994|isbn=4-7733-2628-X|language=ja}}
* {{cite book|last=Hodsun|first=James Landsdale|title=War in the Sun|publisher=V. Gollancz Ltd.|location=London|date= 1942}}
* [[Shōjirō Iida|Iida, Shojiro]] ''From the Battlefields''
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| publisher = Hambledon Continuum| year = 2006| location = London| pages = 387–388|isbn= 978-1-85285-517-8}}
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| year = 1991| location = London| pages = 243–255| isbn = 0-304-36712-5 }}
* {{cite book|last=Latimer|first=Jon|title=Burma: The Forgotten War|publisher=Thistle Publishing|location=London|date=2017|oclc=1416538812}}
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* {{cite book|last= McLynn|first=Frank|title=The Burma Campaign: Disaster Into Triumph, 1942–45|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|date=2011|isbn=0300187440}}
* {{cite book|last=Moser|first=Don|title=World War II: China-Burma-India|year=1978|lccn=78003819|isbn=0809424843|publisher=Time-Life}}
* {{cite book |last1=Slim |first1=William Slim 1st Viscount |title=Defeat into victory |date=1972 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=0-304-29114-5 |edition=Unabridged}}
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* {{cite book|last=Rolo|first=Charles J.|title=Wingate's raiders : an account of the incredible adventure that raised the curtain on the battle for Burma|publisher=George G. Harrap & Co|location=London|date=1945|oclc=951405985}}
* {{cite book|last=Shigematsu |first=Sadayoshi |title=Fighting Around Burma|publisher=|location=|date=|isbn=|oclc=}}
* {{cite book| last = Shores| first = Christopher| series= Air War for Burma: The Allied Air Forces Fight Back in South-East Asia 1942–1945|title=Bloody Shambles|volume=3| publisher = Grub Street| year = 2005| isbn = 1-904010-95-4 }}
* {{Citation
| surname1 = Singh
| given1 = Harkirat
| year = 2003
| title = INA Trials and the Raj
| publisher = Atlantic Publishers
| isbn = 81-269-0316-3
}}
* {{cite book|last=Smyth|first=John|authorlink=Sir John Smyth, 1st Baronet|title=Before the dawn; a story of two historic retreats|publisher=Cassell|location=London|date=1957|oclc=2749300}}
* Sugita, Saiichi. ''Burma Operations''
* {{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Robert|authorlink= Robert Grainger Ker Thompson|title=Make for the Hills|publisher=L. Cooper|location=London|date=1989|isbn= 0850527619}}
* {{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Julian|title=Forgotten Voices of Burma: The Second World War's Forgotten Conflict|publisher=Ebury|location=London|date=2009|isbn=009193236X}}
* {{Citation
| surname1 = Toye
| given1 = Hugh
| year = 1959
| title = The Springing Tiger: A Study of the Indian National Army and of Netaji
| publisher = Allied Publishers
| isbn = 978-81-8424-392-5
}}
* {{cite book|last=Webster|first=Donovan|title=The Burma Road : The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II|publisher=Macmillan|location=London|date=2004|isbn=1405041463}}
* [[James Howard Williams|Williams, James Howard]] was Elephant Advisor to the Fourteenth Army, see his ''Elephant Bill'' (1950) and ''Bandoola'' (1953)
* {{cite book|last=Young|first=Edward M.|title=Aerial Nationalism: A History of Aviation in Thailand|publisher=Smithsonian Inst. Press|location=Washington D.C.|date=1995|isbn=1560984058}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Callahan, Raymond. (2017) ''Triumph at Imphal-Kohima: How the Indian Army Finally Stopped the Japanese Juggernaut'' (University Press of Kansas, 2017) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=57857 online review]
* Edwards, Roderick (2020). ''Should've Been With Me: The Wilfred Scull Story''. United States: KDP Books. {{ASIN|B095BG9N18}}
* {{cite book |title=Burma, 1942 |first=Clayton R |last=Newell |url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |id=CMH Pub 72-21 |series=World War II Campaign Brochures |location=Washington D.C. |access-date=14 June 2010 |archive-date=28 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828045431/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |title=India-Burma |first=David W |last=Hogan |url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/indiaburma/indiaburma.htm |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |id=CMH Pub 72-5 |series=World War II Campaign Brochures |location=Washington D.C. |access-date=14 June 2010 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719212652/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/indiaburma/indiaburma.htm |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last=Leasor |first=James |title=NTR: Nothing to Report |orig-year=1955 |year=2012 |publisher=James Leasor Ltd |location=London |isbn=978-1-908291-44-8 |url=http://www.jamesleasor.com/ntr-nothing-to-report/ |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-date=19 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419003908/http://www.jamesleasor.com/ntr-nothing-to-report/ |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last=Leasor |first=James |title=The Marine from Mandalay |orig-year=1988 |year=2011 |publisher=Leo Cooper |location=London |isbn=978-1-908291-33-2 |url=http://www.jamesleasor.com/the-marine-from-mandalay/ |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331082602/http://www.jamesleasor.com/the-marine-from-mandalay/ |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |title=Central Burma |first=George L. |last=MacGarrigle |url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/centburma/centburma.htm |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |id=CMH Pub 72-37 |series=World War II Campaign Brochures |location=Washington D.C. |access-date=14 June 2010 |archive-date=8 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708140801/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/centburma/centburma.htm |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last=Burchett |first=Wilfred G. |title=Trek Back from Burma |year=1943 |publisher=Kitabistan |location=Allhabad}}
* {{cite book |title=The Burma Air Campaign: December 1941 – August 1945 |first=Michael |last=Pearson |year=2007 |publisher=Pen & Sword}}
* {{cite book |last=Spiller |first=David |year=2012 |title=Out of Burma |publisher=Amazon Kindle}}
{{refend}}

==External links==

===Associations===
* [http://www.burmastar.org.uk/ Burma Star Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150207003427/http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/britains-greatest-battles/imphal-kohima Imphal and Kohima, Britain's Greatest Battles, National Army Museum]

===Museums===
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/1/burma/summary.htm Imperial War Museum London] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203173922/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/1/burma/summary.htm |date=3 December 2008 }} Burma Summary
* [http://www.kohimamuseum.com The Kohima Museum]. A museum dedicated to the [[Battle of Kohima]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503114041/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/corpshistory/rem_corps_part16.htm#burma Royal Engineers Museum]. Engineers in the Burma Campaigns
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503114041/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/corpshistory/rem_corps_part16.htm#chindits Royal Engineers Museum]. Engineers with the Chindits
* [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/newspapers/operations/burma_e.shtml Canadian War Museum: Newspaper Articles on the Burma Campaigns, 1941–1945]

===Media===
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_burma_campaign.shtml World War II animated campaign maps]

===Primary sources===
* {{London Gazette|issue=37728 |supp=y|pages=4663–4671|date=17 September 1946}} "Operations in Eastern Theatre, Based on India from March 1942 to December 31, 1942", official despatch by [[Field Marshal]] The [[Viscount Wavell]]
* {{London Gazette|issue=38274|pages=2651–2684|date=27 April 1948}} "Operations in the Indo-Burma Theatre Based on India from 21 June 1943 to 15 November 1943" official despatch by Field Marshal Sir [[Claude E. Auchinleck]], War Office. (or [http://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/ww2/london%5Fgazette/indo%2Dburma%5Fjune%5Fto%5Fnov%5F1943/ see this html version])
* {{London Gazette|issue=39195 |supp=y|pages=1881–1963|date=6 April 1951}} "Operations in Burma from 12 November 1944 to 15 August 1945" official despatch by Lieutenant General Sir [[Oliver Leese]]

===History===
{{Commons category|Burma Campaign}}
* [http://stonebooks.com/history/siam.shtml Siam goes to war]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090821143604/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history%2Fsecondwar%2Fasia%2Fcansouthasia Canadians in south east Asia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040812160006/http://www.regiments.org/wars/ww2/burma.htm List of Regimental Battle Honours in the Burma Campaign (1942–1945) – also some useful links]

{{Indian National Army}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|21|N|96|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Burma campaign| ]]
[[Category:1942 in Burma]]
[[Category:1943 in Burma]]
[[Category:1944 in Burma]]
[[Category:1945 in Burma]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving Nepal]]
[[Category:Campaigns of World War II]]
[[Category:Indian National Army]]
[[Category:Military history of India during World War II]]
[[Category:Military history of Thailand during World War II]]
[[Category:South-East Asian theatre of World War II]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving Japan]]
[[Category:Lord Mountbatten]]
[[Category:Military history of the Indian Ocean]]

Priya Kuriyan

2026-03-25T04:54:57Z

Timesofmillionaire: cleanup

{{short description|Indian comic book writer, illustrator and animation filmmaker}}{{Infobox person
| name = Priya Kuriyan
| citizenship = Indian
| alma_mater = National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad (2004)
| occupation = Comic book writer, Illustrator, Animation filmmaker
| awards = Big Little Book Award (2019)
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}

'''Priya Kuriyan''' is an Indian [[comic book]] writer, [[illustrator]] and [[animation]] filmmaker,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=George|first=Liza|date=2016-07-14|title=Art of the imagination|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/Art-of-the-imagination/article14488621.ece|access-date=2020-12-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Chakrabarti|first=Paromita|date=2019-11-17|title=More than words: Priya Kuriyan's illustrations capture the world of everyday quirks|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/priya-kuriyanbig-little-book-awardsprincess-easy-pleasy-more-than-words-6122475/|access-date=2020-12-07|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> based in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-31|title=Our masked identities: Cartoons of India's new normal|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52792382}}</ref>

==Education==
Kuriyan graduated from the [[National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad]] in 2004.

==Career==
She began her career as an illustrator for [[Tulika Books]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Since then, she has been the illustrator for over 100 books and collaborated with a number of writers including [[Ruskin Bond]], [[Manu S. Pillai]], Natasha Sharma, Meera Nair, [[Jerry Pinto]] and Radhika Chadha.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> She has also collaborated with the author [[Devapriya Roy]] for the graphic novel ''Indira'' (2018), based on the life of the former prime minister [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kirpal|first=Neha|date=19 June 2019|title=These 4 women graphic novelists have an agenda: Humanism and equality|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/buzz/these-4-women-graphic-novelists-have-an-agenda-humanism-and-equality-4017651.htm|access-date=2020-12-07|website=[[CNBC TV18]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=George|first=Liza|date=2019-08-07|title=Children's book illustrator Priya Kuriyan on sketching facts|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/bengaluru-based-childrens-book-illustrator-priya-kuriyan-on-her-latest-ventures/article28845326.ece|access-date=2020-12-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As an animation filmmaker, Kuriyan directed educational animation films for the [[Children's Film Society, India]] and episodes for the Indian edition of ''[[Sesame Street]]'' ([[Galli Galli Sim Sim]]).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy|first=Devapriya|date=10 June 2017|title=Ten fabulously illustrated books for young readers that adults will enjoy just as much|url=https://scroll.in/article/839323/ten-fabulously-illustrated-books-for-young-readers-that-adults-will-enjoy-just-as-much|access-date=2020-12-07|website=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

She is the author of the comic book ''Ammachi's Glass,''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Ray Chaudhuri|first=Zinnia|date=12 August 2017|title=Priya Kuriyan's new book tells the story of an adorable, eccentric grandmother – without any words|url=https://scroll.in/magazine/845009/priya-kuriyans-new-book-tells-the-story-of-an-adorable-eccentric-grandmother-without-any-words|access-date=2020-12-07|website=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en-US}}</ref> and the author of the picture book and children's adaptation of the writer [[Perumal Murugan]]'s acclaimed novel ''Poonachi''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Venugopal|first=Nikhita|date=2020-08-24|title=Perumal Murugan and illustrator Priya Kuriyan on children's adaptation of 'Poonachi'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/perumal-murugan-and-illustrator-priya-kuriyan-childrens-adaptation-poonachi-131461|access-date=2020-12-07|website=[[The News Minute]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Somak|date=2020-09-06|title=Perumal Murugan's 'Poonachi' returns through Priya Kuriyan's art|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/perumal-murugan-s-poonachi-returns-through-priya-kuriyan-s-art-11599326745332.html|access-date=2020-12-07|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Kuriyan was the recipient of the Big Little Book Award at the Mumbai Literature Festival in 2019.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Datta|first=Sravasti|date=2019-12-17|title=More should be spent on children's writing, feels illustrator Priya Kuriyan|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/wielding-her-illustrative-pen/article30328439.ece|access-date=2020-12-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-20|title=Big Little Book Awards 2019: Priya Kuriyan wins best illustrator, Prabhat bags prize for best children's literature in Hindi|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/big-little-book-awards-2019-priya-kuriyan-wins-best-illustrator-prabhat-bags-prize-for-best-childrens-literature-in-hindi-7675941.html|website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

== Books ==

* ''Drawing the Line: Indian Women Fight Back'' (eds., 2015) [[Zubaan Books]] . {{ISBN|978-0-99-405071-7}}.
* ''Ammachi's Glasses'' (2017) [[Tulika Books]] . {{ISBN|978-93-5046-908-8}}.
* ''Poonachi: Lost in the Forest'' (adaptation of [[Perumal Murugan]]'s ''Poonachi'', 2020) Red Panda Westland Imprint. {{ISBN|978-9-38-964831-7}}.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuriyan, Priya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian comics writers]]
[[Category:Indian women comics writers]]
[[Category:Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian women illustrators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian women filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian animators]]
[[Category:Indian women animators]]
[[Category:Indian children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian women children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:National Institute of Design alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Women artists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Artists from Bengaluru]]

Aari Arujunan

2026-03-20T19:50:09Z

Timesofmillionaire: adjusted citations additionally and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aari Arujunan
| image = Actor Aari Arujunan at an NGO event (cropped).jpg
| caption = Aari Arujunan at an NGO event
| birth_place = [[Palani]], [[Dindigul District]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| birth_date = 
| occupation = Actor, fitness coach
| years_active = 2005–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|Nathiya|2015}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Aari Arujunan''' is an Indian actor who has appeared in [[Tamil language]] films. He made his lead debut in ''[[Rettaisuzhi]]'' (2010) produced by director [[S. Shankar|Shankar]], before having a breakthrough performance in ''[[Nedunchaalai]]'' (2014) and starring in the supernatural thriller ''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Aari Arujunan|url=https://www.moviebuff.com/aari-arujunan |work=moviebuff}}</ref> In 2021, he emerged as the winner of the reality television show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 4 winner Aari Arjuna: From being a Guinness record holder to the most nominated contestant in the BB house, all you need to know about the actor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-4-winner-aari-arjuna-from-being-a-guinness-record-holder-to-the-most-nominated-contestant-in-the-bb-house-all-you-need-to-about-the-actor/photostory/80324593.cms |access-date=2021-01-18 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Career==

Aari, before entering films, had background in theatre featuring in productions by Magic Lantern, Theatre Nisha and Inland Theatres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/01/02/stories/2011010250100400.htm|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110426042247/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/01/02/stories/2011010250100400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-04-26|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2011-01-02|title=Challenging roles}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article584202.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426185010/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article584202.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2015|title=Aari's acting dreams|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He appeared in a minor role in ''[[Alaiyadikkuthu]]'' (2005) and was later cast in the role of Muthu in ''[[Aadum Koothu]]'' (2006).<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/taking-to-the-highway/article5931847.ece|title=Taking to the highway|work=The Hindu|date=20 April 2014 }}</ref> He worked for [[T. V. Chandran]]'s ''[[Aadum Koothu]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aadum Koothu|url=https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt2575568/ |work=Imdb}}</ref>

Aari made his lead debut in ''[[Rettaisuzhi]]'' (2010), produced by director [[S. Shankar|Shankar]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=On the highway of fame|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/on-the-highway-of-fame/article5928995.ece |access-date=2016-05-21 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> In October 2011, it was announced that Aari would feature in ''[[Maalai Pozhudhin Mayakathilaey]]'' and would star alongside winner of Miss South India 2010, [[Shubha Phutela]]. Aari mentioned that it was "really challenging to play an ordinary guy", as he had to consciously keep his emotions to a minimum at all times.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Playing-a-simple-person-the-toughest-job-Aari/articleshow/12044267.cms|title=Playing a simple person the toughest job: Aari|work=The Times of India|date=15 January 2017 }}</ref> Aari portrayed the lead role in [[N. Krishna]]'s third venture, a romantic road trip film titled ''[[Nedunchaalai]]'' (2014), a period film set in the 1980, which took two years to complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/aari/aari-interview.html|title=Aari Interview|publisher=}}</ref>The film opened to positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nedunchalai-review-tamil-15052114.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328222746/http://www.sify.com/movies/nedunchalai-review-tamil-15052114.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-03-28|title=Review : Nedunchalai|work=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/nedunchalai-road-rage/article5848263.ece|title=Nedunchalai: Road rage|author=Baradwaj Rangan|work=The Hindu|date=29 March 2014 }}</ref> His following venture, the comedy ''Kadai Enn 6'', remains unreleased.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Variety-Seeker-Aari-Gets-Laughter-Break/2014/10/08/article2466927.ece1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015022236/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Variety-Seeker-Aari-Gets-Laughter-Break/2014/10/08/article2466927.ece1|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2014|title=Variety-Seeker Aari Gets Laughter Break|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Kadai Enn 6' about the mindset of Chennai youngsters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kadai-enn-6-about-the-mindset-of-chennai-youngsters/articleshow/40369414.cms |access-date=2017-01-16 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Another venture ''[[Dharani (film)|Dharani]]'' directed by newcomer Guhan Sambandham, released in 2015, which did not perform well.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dharani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dharani/movie-review/46069674.cms |access-date=2015-01-30 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In the same year, he played a pivotal role in ''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]'', a supernatural thriller alongside [[Nayanthara]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nayanthara's love for horror films helped director Ashwin Saravanan make 'Maya' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-nayanthara-s-love-for-horror-films-helped-director-ashwin-saravanan-make-maya-2125978 |access-date=2015-09-17 |work=DNA india}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Review: Maya is a truly haunting experience
|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-maya-is-a-truly-haunting-experience/20150918.htm |access-date=2015-09-18 |work=Rediff}}</ref> It was a huge success at the box office and was critically acclaimed.<ref>{{Cite news |title=CHENNAI BOX OFFICE |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/maya/maya-box-office-nov-01.html |access-date=2015-11-01 |work=Behindwoods}}</ref> In 2016, he was seen in ''[[Unnodu Ka|Unnodu Ka]]'', which performed average reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Unnodu Ka |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/unnodu-ka/movie-review/52280036.cms |access-date=2016-05-13 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Later, he was cast in horror comedy ''[[Nagesh Thiraiyarangam]]'' in lead role opposite [[Ashna Zaveri]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nagesh Thiraiarangam Review: A horror film indeed
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2018/Feb/16/nagesh-thiraiarangam-review-a-horror-film-indeed-4579.html |access-date=2018-02-16 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

In January 2021, he emerged as the title winner in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 4]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|title=Everything about Aari Arjuna Big Boss 4 - CelebWoods.com|url=https://www.celebwoods.com/big-boss-aari-arjuna-family-biography/|access-date=2021-03-02|language=en}}</ref>

He has played a significant role in ''[[Nenjuku Needhi]]'' (2022), alongside [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] directed by [[Arunraja Kamaraj]], the official remake of critically acclaimed Hindi film ''[[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Aari Arjunan in Udhayanidhi's 'Article 15' remake |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 April 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aari-arjunan-in-udhayanidhis-article-15-remake/articleshow/82286838.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428085349/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aari-arjunan-in-udhayanidhis-article-15-remake/articleshow/82286838.cms |archive-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> His next venture was the science fiction film ''[[Ellaam Mela Irukuravan Paathuppan]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 5 title winner Aari Arujunan’s ‘Ellaam Mela Irukuravan Paathuppan’ set for its direct Television premiere
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-5-title-winner-aari-arujunans-ellaam-mela-irukuravan-paathuppan-set-for-its-direct-digital-premiere/articleshow/98859889.cms |access-date=2023-03-21 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Aari Arjunan seen as the host in the reality show ''[[Vaa Thamizha Vaa]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Vaa Thamizha Vaa season 3' to premiere soon; Aari Arjunan to be seen as the host|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vaa-thamizha-vaa-season-3-to-premiere-soon-aari-arjunan-to-be-seen-as-the-host/articleshow/109105880.cms |access-date=2024-04-07 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> He has played in the legal drama series ''[[Good Wife (TV series)|Good Wife]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Good Wife Series Review: An entertaining legal drama that deserves more breathing room|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Jul/06/good-wife-series-review-an-entertaining-legal-drama-that-deserves-more-breathing-room |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref> Aari Arjunan plays the protagonist in the psychological thriller, ''[[Fourth Floor (film)|Fourth Floor]]'' (2026).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aari Arujunan's horror film Fourth Floor gets a release date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/01/aari-arujunans-horror-film-fourth-floor-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2026-02-01 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Aari was born in [[Palani, Tamil Nadu]]. He married Nathiya, a UK-based HR professional of Sri Lankan origin, on 18 November 2015 and the couple has two children; a girl named Riya (b. 2016) and a son, Ranatheeran (b. 2023).

He was a fitness coach before becoming actor.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Tamil 4 contestant Aari Arjuna: From fitness to philanthropy, everything you need to know about this celebrity fitness trainer-turned-actor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-4-contestant-aari-arjuna-from-fitness-to-philanthropy-everything-you-need-to-know-about-this-celebrity-fitness-trainer-turned-actor/articleshow/78473212.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2020-10-04|access-date=2026-01-30}}</ref>

As a social activist, he has supported Tamil culture, language and agriculture. In 2018, he started a '{{Lang|ta|தமிழ் கையொப்பம்}}' (Tamil Signature) movement where he wanted all the Tamil people to sign documents in Tamil script. He holds the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' for most signatures on a whiteboard. He also holds the ''Guinness World Record'' for planting approximately 30,000 seedlings with 20,000 participants, in a 15-acre land, in collaboration with [[Sathyabama University]]. In 2017, he actively participated in [[Jallikattu]] protests held in Marina beach, Chennai.

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Film performances
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Alaiyadikkuthu]]'' || Brindha's husband || credited as Akhil Kumar
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Aadum Koothu]]'' || Muthu||credited as Akhil Kumar
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Rettaisuzhi]]'' || Murthy ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Maalai Pozhudhin Mayakathilaey]]'' || Ajay ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Nedunchaalai]]'' || Murugan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015 || ''[[Dharani (film)|Dharani]]'' || Shekar ||
|-
| ''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]'' || Vasanth / Arjun ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Unnodu Ka]]'' || Siva ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Mupparimanam]]'' || Himself || Special appearance in a Song "Let's Go Party"
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Nagesh Thiraiyarangam]]'' || Nagesh ||
|-
| rowspan="1" |2022 ||''[[Nenjuku Needhi]]'' || Kumaran ||
|-
|2023 || ''[[Ellaam Mela Irukuravan Paathuppan]]''|| Ragu || Direct Television premier on Colors Tamil
|-
| rowspan="1"|2024 || ''[[Thiru.Manickam]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|-
| rowspan="1"|2026 ||''[[Fourth Floor (film)|Fourth Floor]]'' || Dheeran ||
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Television performances
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2017
|''Manadhaal Inaivom Maatrathai Varaverppom - Zee Tamil Brand Film''
|Aari As Himself
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|Co-starring [[Jyothika]], directed By [[Sudha Kongara]] Brand Shorts For [[Zee Tamil]]<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/jyotika-is-zee-tamil-brand-ambassador/articleshow/61101251.cms Jyotika is Zee Tamil brand ambassador]. Times of India (16 October 2017). Retrieved on 14 August 2018.</ref><ref>[https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/actor-jyothika-to-endorse-zee-tamil/61100497 Actor Jyothika to endorse Zee Tamil, Marketing & Advertising News, ET BrandEquity]. Brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com (16 October 2017). Retrieved on 14 August 2018.</ref>
|-
|2019
|''Vanakkam Tamizha''
|Guest
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
| 2020–2021|| '' [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss Tamil Season 4]]''|| Contestant || rowspan="4" | [[Star Vijay|STAR Vijay]] ||Winner
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''Bigg Boss Season 4 Kondattam''
|Guest
|Celebration of Bigg Boss Season 4
|-
|''[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]'' ''&'' ''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani Season 2]] Maha Sangamam''
|Himself
|Special Appearance
|-
|''BB Jodigal''
| rowspan="2" |Guest
|Grand Launch
|-
|2022
|''Namma Vettu Kalyanam''
|[[Star Vijay Music|STAR Vijay Music]]
|Couple Show;
Along With Nathiya
|-
|2024
|''[[Cheran’s Journey]]''
|S. Pranav
|[[SonyLIV]]
|streaming web series
|-
|2024–present
|''[[Vaa Thamizha Vaa|Vaa Thamizha Vaa season 3]]''
|Host
|[[Kalaignar TV]]
|Reality debate show<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-07 |title='Vaa Thamizha Vaa season 3' to premiere soon; Aari Arjunan to be seen as the host |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vaa-thamizha-vaa-season-3-to-premiere-soon-aari-arjunan-to-be-seen-as-the-host/articleshow/109105880.cms |access-date=2024-11-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Good Wife (TV series)|Good Wife]]''
|Hari Deepak
|[[JioHotstar]]
|Streaming web series
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Cateogary !! Awards !! Notes
|-
|2021
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss Tamil 4]]''
|Title Winner
| He became the ''Title winner'' of the Reality Show <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-24|title=From Aari Arjuna getting movie offers to Velmurugan being honored by Tamil Nadu government: Here's how Bigg Boss Tamil 4 contestants are riding on their popularity|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-aari-arjuna-getting-movie-offers-to-velmurugan-being-honored-by-tamil-nadu-government-heres-how-bigg-boss-tamil-4-contestants-are-riding-on-their-popularity/photostory/80420441.cms|access-date=2022-01-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018 || '' FETNA'' || Guinness World Record || His Signature Campaign along with FETNA in America
|-
|2017 || ''Transplanting Seedlings'' || Guinness World Record || Transplanting Seedlings with 3000 students from Sathyabhama University
|-
|2017 || ''Youth Icon Award'' || Trikona Awards || For exemplary work for the betterment of society and motivating Youth
|-
|2016 || ''Youth Icon Award'' || Take Care India || Association with DR.APJ - Abdul Kalam International Foundation
|-
|2015 || ''Best Actor'' || V4 Award || Film Nedunchaalai
|-
|2014 || ''Best Actor'' || Films Fans Association 62nd Annual Award || Film - Nedunchaalai
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|12100203}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Mugen Rao]]|
title= [[Bigg Boss Tamil]] Winner |
years= (Series 4) 2020-2021 |
after= [[Raju Jeyamohan]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aari Arujunan}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:People from Dindigul district]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) winners]]

Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore

2026-03-16T17:25:46Z

Timesofmillionaire: quick fix

{{Short description|Latin Catholic diocese in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Mangalore
|latin = Dioecesis Mangalorensis
| local = ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಧರ್ಮಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ
|image = Our Lady of Rosary of Mangalore.jpg
|image_size = 230px
|image_alt = Our Lady of Rosary of Mangalore
| caption = Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary

|country = [[India]]
|metropolitan =
|territory = [[Karnataka]]
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore|Bangalore]]
|coordinates = 

|area_km2 = 5,924
|population = 2,978,560
|population_as_of = 2012
|catholics = 267,343
|catholics_percent= 9
| parishes = 124
| churches = 
| congregations = 
| schools = 
| members = 

|denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
|sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
|rite = [[Roman Rite]]
|established = 1 September 1886
|cathedral = [[Our Lady of Rosary of Mangalore]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Saint Joseph]]
| priests = 

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} 
|bishop = [[Peter Paul Saldanha]]
|coadjutor =
|metro_archbishop = [[Peter Machado]]
|auxiliary_bishops =
| emeritus_bishops =[[Aloysius Paul D'Souza]]
| emeritus_arch =

| map = Diocese of Mangalore map 1.png
| map_alt = Diocese of Mangalore map
| map_caption = Map highlighting districts falling under the Mangalore Diocese

| website = {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071031021918/http://www.dioceseofmangalore.org/ dioceseofmangalore.org/]}}
| footnotes =
|dean = Fr. John Baptist Crasta
|vicar_general=Msgr. Maxim Lawrence Noronha
|judicial_vicar=V. Rev. Naveen Pinto
}}

[[File:Milagres_Hampankatta.jpg|thumb|Milagres church in Hampankatta, Mangalore]]
The '''Diocese of Mangalore''' ({{langx|la|Diocesis Mangalorensis}}) is a [[Latin Church]] ecclesiastical jurisdiction or [[diocese]] of the [[Catholic Church]] located in the city of [[Mangalore]], [[India]]. The diocese is a [[suffragan]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of the [[Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|metropolitan]] [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore|Archdiocese of Bangalore]]. At present, it comprises the whole civil districts of [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi district|Udupi]] in [[Karnataka]] state. The area of the Diocese was collectively referred to as [[South Canara]] during the [[Company rule in India]], in the subsequent [[British India]] after [[Direct rule]] from London commenced & in the early post-independence [[Bombay state]], prior to the [[States Reorganisation Act]] (1956). It was established as a separate [[Apostolic Vicariate]] from the [[Apostolic Vicariate of Verapoly]] in 1853, and was promoted to a diocese on 1 September 1886.

On Monday, July 16, 2012, it lost territory when [[Pope Benedict XVI]] erected the new [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Udupi]] (made up of the three civil townships of Udupi, Karkala & KUNDAPURA), which will also become part of the province of Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.translatetheweb.com/?ref=IE8Activity&a=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/29484.php?index=29484&lang=en|title=Web Translator|website=www.translatetheweb.com}}</ref>

==Saints and causes for canonisation==
* St. [[Mariam Baouardy]] helped found the missionary Carmel of Mangalore.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Statues-of-Saints-Zuze-Vaz-Mariam-Baouardy-to-be-installed-at-Rosario-Cathedral-on-Jan-10/articleshow/50499894.cms|title=Statues of Saints Zuze Vaz, Mariam Baouardy to be installed at Rosario Cathedral on Jan 10 - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.udayavani.com/english/news/mangaluru/64771/mangaluru-celebrate-canonization-blessed-mariam-jesus-crucified-may-17|title=Mangaluru to celebrate canonization of Blessed Mariam of Jesus Crucified on May 17 |newspaper=Udayavani}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dioceseofmangalore.com/news/other-news/1462-annual-feast-of-st-mary-of-jesus-crucified-mariam-baouardy|title=Annual feast of St.Mary of Jesus Crucified (Mariam Baouardy) |website=Diocese of Mangalore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=318171 |title=Mangaluru: Canonization of Blessed Mary of Jesus Crucified - A brief history |work=Daiji World}}</ref>
* Servant of God Raymond Francis Camillus Mascarenhas<ref name="CCBI">{{Cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints & Blessed – CCBI|access-date=Oct 17, 2019}}</ref>
* Amelia Cimolino<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/2006.htm|title=2006|website=newsaints.faithweb.com|access-date=Oct 17, 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Catholicism}}
* [[Apostolic vicariate]]
* [[Church of Most Holy Saviour, Agrar]]
* [[Church Of Sacred Heart Of Jesus, Madanthyar]]
* [[Deanery of Belthangady|Belthangady Varado]]
* [[Ambrose Madtha|Monsignor Ambrose Madtha]]
* [[Most Holy Redeemer Church, Belthangady]]
* [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Belthangady|Diocese of Belthangady]]
* [[St. John the Baptist Church, Permude]]
* [[St. Joseph's Monastery, Bikarnakatte]]
* [[St. Patrick Church, Siddakatte]]
*[[Cathedral of Our Lady of Miracles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071031021918/http://www.dioceseofmangalore.org/ Official website of the Mangalore Diocese]}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081023185739/http://www.cbcisite.com/Mangalore.htm History of the Mangalore Diocese]}}
*[http://www.dioceseofmangalore.com/diocese/description-history History of the Mangalore Diocese]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dmang.html Mangalore Diocese on ''Catholic Hierarchy'']
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09588b.htm Mangalore Diocese on ''Catholic Encyclopedia'']
*[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/mang1.htm Mangalore Diocese on ''GCatholic.org'']

{{Catholicism}}

{{coord|12.8562|N|74.8363|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roman Catholic Diocese Of Mangalore}}
[[Category:Christianity in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India|Mangalore]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1853]]
[[Category:1853 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century|Mangalore]]
[[Category:1853 establishments in British India]]

List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons

2026-03-16T14:36:37Z

Timesofmillionaire: content fix

{{short description|Presiding officer of state legislature}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} In the [[Republic of India]], the various central and state legislatures are presided by either a [[speaker (India)|Chairperson or a Speaker]]. A speaker is the presiding officer of the [[Lok Sabha]] and of the [[State legislative assemblies of India|legislative assembly]] of each of the [[States and territories of India|twenty-eight states]] and [[Union territory|three union territories]]. Similarly a chairperson heads the [[Rajya Sabha]] and the [[State legislative councils of India|legislative council]] of each of the six states, where the [[upper house]] in the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]] exists. Seventeen incumbents belong to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and three to the [[Indian National Congress]], No other party has more than one in office.

==Parliament of India==
This is the list of current Chairpersons and Speakers of both houses of the [[Parliament of India]] (respectively):
===Lok Sabha===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! House
! [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
! [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Deputy Speaker]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
| [[Lok Sabha]]
| [[Om Birla]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|}

===Rajya Sabha===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! House
! [[List of vice presidents of India|Chairperson]]{{efn|[[Vice President of India]] is the ''[[ex-officio]]'' Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.}}
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
! [[Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha|Deputy Chairperson]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha]]
| [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Harivansh Narayan Singh]]
| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
|}

{{notelist}}

==Legislatures of the States and Union territories==
===State Legislative Councils===
This is the list of current Chairpersons and Deputy Chairpersons of the [[State legislative councils of India|legislative councils]] of the [[States of India|Indian states]]:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! State
! Chairperson
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
! Deputy Chairperson
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
| [[Chairperson of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[Koyye Moshenu Raju]]
| [[YSRCP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|YSRCP}}"|
| [[Zakia Khanam]]
| [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[Chairperson of the Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar]]
| [[Awadhesh Narain Singh ]] 
| [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}"|
| Ram Bachan Rai
| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
|-
| [[Chairperson of the Karnataka Legislative Council|Karnataka]]
| [[Basavaraj Horatti]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[M. K. Pranesh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[Chairperson of the Maharashtra Legislative Council|Maharashtra]]
| [[Ram Shinde]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Neelam Gorhe]]
| [[Shiv Sena (2022-present)|SS]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|-
| [[Chairperson of the Telangana Legislative Council|Telangana]]
|[[Gutha Sukender Reddy]]
| [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}"|
| [[Banda Prakash]]
| [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}"|
|-
| [[Chairperson of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Kunwar Manvendra Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|}

===State Legislative Assemblies===
This is the list of current Speakers and Deputy Speakers of the [[State legislative assemblies of India|legislative assemblies]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states and union territories]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/Presidingofficer.htm |title=LIST OF CHAIRMEN / SPEAKERS/ DEPUTY CHAIRMEN / DEPUTY SPEAKERS / SECRETARIES GENERAL / PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES / SECRETARIES OF PARLIAMENT AND STATE / UNION TERRITORY LEGISLATURES IN INDIA |date=23 August 2021 |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! States
! Speaker
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
!Deputy Speaker
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[ Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu]]
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
| [[Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]]
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[Tesam Pongte]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Kardo Nyigyor]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]
| [[Biswajit Daimary]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Numal Momin]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]
| [[Prem Kumar (politician)|Dr. Prem Kumar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Narendra Narayan Yadav]]
| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Raman Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa]]
| [[Ganesh Gaonkar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Joshua D'Souza]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]]
| [[Shankar Chaudhary]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Jethabhai Ahir]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Haryana Legislative Assembly|{{visible anchor|Haryana}}]]
| [[Harvinder Kalyan]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Krishan Lal Middha]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]]
| [[Kuldeep Singh Pathania]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
| [[Rabindra Nath Mahato]]
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]]
| [[U. T. Khader]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Rudrappa Manappa Lamani]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| [[A. N. Shamseer]]
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|[[Chittayam Gopakumar]]
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Narendra Singh Tomar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| [[Rahul Narwekar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Anna Bansode]]
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Manipur Legislative Assembly|Manipur]]
| [[Thokchom Satyabrata Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Kongkham Robindro Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]]
| [[Thomas A. Sangma]]
| [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
| [[Limison D. Sangma]]
| [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Mizoram]]
| [[Lalbiakzama]]
| [[Zoram People's Movement|ZPM]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Zoram People's Movement}}"|
| [[Lalfamkima]]
| [[Zoram People's Movement|ZPM]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Zoram People's Movement}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Nagaland]]
| [[Sharingain Longkümer]]
| [[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Naga People's Front}}"|
| [[S. Toiho Yeptho]]
| [[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Naga People's Front}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]]
| [[Surama Padhy]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]]
| [[Kultar Singh Sandhwan]]
| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|
|[[Jai Krishan Singh]]
| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
| [[Vasudev Devnani]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly|Sikkim]]
| [[Mingma Narbu Sherpa]]
| [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}"|
| [[Raj Kumari Thapa]]
| [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| [[M. Appavu]]
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| [[K. Pitchandi]]
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
| [[Gaddam Prasad Kumar]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Jatoth Ram Chander Naik]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]
| [[Ram Pada Jamatia]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Ram Prasad Paul]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]]
| [[Ritu Khanduri Bhushan]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Satish Mahana]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
| [[Biman Banerjee]]
| [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}"|
|[[Asish Banerjee]]
| [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}"|
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Union Territories
! Speaker
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
!Deputy Speaker
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party

|-
| [[List of speakers of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| [[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|
| ''Vacant''
| N/A
| style="background-color: {{party color|Vacant}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Delhi Legislative Assembly|Delhi]]
| [[Vijendra Gupta]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Mohan Singh Bisht]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
| [[List of speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]
| [[Embalam R. Selvam]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[P. Rajavelu]]
| [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}"|
|}

==See also==
* [[List of current Indian governors]]
*[[List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators]]
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]
* [[List of current Indian chief justices]]
* [[List of current Indian opposition leaders]]
* [[List of female legislative speakers and chairpersons in India]]
* [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|List of speakers of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha|List of deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[List of vice presidents of India|List of chairpersons of the Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha|List of deputy chairpersons of the Rajya Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons}}

[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|S]]
[[Category:Lists of legislative speakers in India| ]]

Kalamandalam K. G. Vasudevan Nair

2026-03-14T20:43:26Z

Timesofmillionaire: Created new stub

{{Short description|Indian dancer (born 1937)}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalamandalam K.G. Vasudevan Nair
| image = Kalamandalam K G Vasudevan Nair.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = K. G. Vasudevan Nair
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1937}}
| birth_place = [[Keerikkad]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| years_active =
| birth_name = K.G. Vasudevan Nair
| spouse =
| website =
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2010) [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] (2006) Kerala Kalamandalam Award and Fellowship
}}
'''Kalamandalam K.G. Vasudevan Nair''' is a [[Kathakali]] dancer from [[Kerala]] in India. He is a recipient of [[Kerala Kalamandalam|Kerala Kalamandalam Award]], Takazhi Kunju Kurup Fellowship by Kerala Kalamandalam, [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] and [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], Government of India.

==Biography==
Kalamandalam Kombil Gopalan Vasudevan Nair was born in 1937 in the [[Keerikkad]] in present-day [[Alappuzha district]] in Kerala.<ref name="SNA">{{Cite web |title= Kalamandalam K.G. Vasudevan Nair |url=https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/1741086420_K.%20K.%20Gopalan%20Vasudevan%20Nair.pdf |publisher= [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]}}</ref> Vasudevan Nair began his Kathakali training at a very early age under Kathakali guru Evoor Raghavan Pillai, who lived in his neighborhood.<ref name="Kerala">{{cite web |title=Kalamandalam K.G. Vasudevan Nair, Kathakali maestro, Enchanting Kerala, Newsletter, Kerala Tourism |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/2011/kalamandalam-vasudevan-nair/133 |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=[[Department of Tourism (Kerala)|Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Deshabhimani">{{Cite web |last=Chandan |first=Sayooj |title=ആട്ടവിളക്കിന്റെ വെളിച്ചത്തിൽ |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/district-news/-14120/by-the-light-of-the-lamp-71360 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[Deshabhimani]] |language=ml}}</ref> At the age of 11, he made his debut as Krishna in Gurudakshina at the Evur Sree Krishna Temple. Later, he started playing small roles with Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair, Chengannur Raman Pillai, Mankulam Krishnan Namboothiri, Haripad Ramakrishnan, and Chennithala Chellappan Pillai.<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>

He then studied under K. R. Kumaran Nair and [[Vazhenkada Kunchu Nair]] and later joined [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] at the age of 14, for a post-diploma in Kathakali, where he studied Kathakali under [[Ramankutty Nair]] and [[Padmanabhan Nair]].<ref name="SNA"/><ref name="Kerala"/>

===Personal life===
Vasudevan Nair is married to Prema Kumari and they have two children, Latha and Latheesh.<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>

==Career==
[[File:Kalamandalam k g vasudevan nair.jpg|thumb|Vasudevan Nair during a Kathakali performance]]
Vasudevan Nair is a master of the Kalluvazhi style of Kathakali, and his roles in Pacha (pious, gentle, and noble characters) and Kathi (anti-heroes and negative characters) are notable.<ref name="SNA"/> He has excelled in portraying male roles such as [[Rukmangada]], [[Nala]], [[Krishna]], [[Kichaka]], and [[Ravana]], and in portraying female roles such as [[Urvashi]], Lalitha, [[Damayanti]], and [[Mohini]].<ref name="SNA"/> He has traveled to various places in India, several European countries, and the United States for lectures and performances.<ref name="SNA"/>

Vasudevan Nair has also worked as a Kathakali teacher at the Gandhi Seva Sadan Kathakali Academy and Vellinezhi Government High School.<ref name="SNA"/> [[Sadanam Krishnankutty]] and [[Sadanam P. V. Balakrishnan]] are his disciples.<ref name="SNA"/> He is currently a member of the Governing Body of the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]].<ref name="Deshabhimani"/>

==Awards and honors==
Vasudevan Nair is a recipient of [[Kerala Kalamandalam|Kerala Kalamandalam Award]], [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] and [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], Government of India.<ref name="SNA"/><ref name="Kerala"/> He received the first Kathakali Acharya Award, instituted by the Barnassery Mudra Kalakshetram in memory of Kathakali Acharya Kalamandalam Sankaranarayanan Nair, in February 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=കഥകളി ആചാര്യ പുരസ്കാരം കലാമണ്ഡലം കെ.ജി.വാസുദേവൻ നായർക്ക്‌ |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-1.9290918 |work=Newspaper |date=2 February 2024 |language=ml}}</ref> He received the Takazhi Kunju Kurup Fellowship by the Kerala Kalamandalam in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-01-15 |title=Kalamandalam declares awards, fellowships |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalamandalam-declares-awards-fellowships/article69101674.ece |access-date=2025-06-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2025 June, he received the Madhavapriya Award 2025, instituted by the Thiruvilvamala Ivarmatham Madhav Warrior Memorial Trust in memory of Pampady Ivarmatham Madhav Warrior.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=മാധവപ്രിയ പുരസ്‌കാരം |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=1560833&u=local-news-thrissur-1560833 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=ml}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vasudevan Nair, Kalamandalam K. G.}}
[[Category:Kathakali dancers]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]

Jegaatha

2026-03-14T18:19:52Z

Timesofmillionaire: Created new info

{{short description|Tamil writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{More footnotes|date=September 2024}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Jegaatha
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Jegaatha_photo.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1956|01|03}}
| birth_place = [[Ramanathapuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Writer
}}

'''Jegaatha''' (born 3 January 1956) is a famous Tamil author of over 500 short stories, 30 small novels, 10 novels, 100 poems and more than 300 books on various titles. He has also contributed more than 44 Tamil periodicides, ceylon periodicals, Internet periodicals and radio broadcasts.

== Creative works ==

=== Short story collections ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Jegaadha sirukadaihal || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Mister Parliament || NCBH
|-
| Velviyil mulaitha vidhaigal || Kavitha Publications
|-
| Maangalyam Thandunaney || Manimehalai Pirasuram
|-
| Viradaparuvam || Poovalaghi Pathippaham
|-
| Iravu nerathu maudihal || Annam Pathippaham
|-
| Thoondil meen || Agni Pathippaham
|-
| Paalmaram || Nakkiran Pathippaham
|-
| Kadhal Thaganam || Agni Pathippaham
|-
| Girama devadhaigal|| Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Kalathai vendra Nanneri kadhaigal ||Tamilan Pathippaham
|-
| Gurushethram koorum kadhaihal||Ilakkumi Nilayam
|-
| Suvadigal koorum suvayana kadhaihal||Arivu Nilayam
|-
| Ammavukku magan sonna ariviyal kadhaihal||Tamilan Nilayam
|-
| Kaviyam kanda Nayagiyar kadhaihal || RR Nilayam
|-
| Panbai valarkkum anbu neri kadhaihal || Arunodhayam
|-
| Kadhavai thirakkum vingnana kadhaihal || Sri Vignesh Pathipaham
|-
| Sindhaikkinia sethunattu kadhaihal || Visalam Pathipagam
|-
| Amma sonna rishigalin kadhaihal || Sura Pathipaham
|-
| Needhi podhikkum gnaniyar kadhaihal || Anbu Nilayam
|-
| Kaapiya kadhaihal || Baagambiriyal Pathipaham
|-
| Sigaram kanda amarar sirukadaihal || Sri Shenbaha Pathippagam
|-
| Viyakkavaitha vinghaniyar kadaihal || Vinayaga Pathippagam
|-
| Siddhar marabu kathaihal || Sri Shenbaha Pathippagam
|-
| Buddha leelayum murpiravi kadhaihalum || Dhanalaxmi Pathippaham
|-
| Dhisai Kaattum Kadhaihal || Arunodhayum
|-
| Nanneri pugattum Nayanmaar Kadhaigal || Bagambiriyal Pathippagam
|-
| Padhumaigalum paati vikra madhithan kadhaihalum || Sri Shenbaha Pathippaham
|-
| Nadhihal koorum Kadhaihal || Arivu Nilayam
|-
| Bharatha panbaattu kadhaihal || Sai Surya Enterprise
|}

=== Small novel collections ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book!! Publications
|-
| Kadhalahi kasinthu || Manimegalai Pirasuram
|-
| Karaiyyan putredukka || Moovendhar Pathippagam
|-
| Gobiyar konjum ramana || Nakkiran Pathippagam
|-
| Sinnanjiru Kiliye || Annam Pathippagam
|-
| Karumainiram thondru thadi || Nakkiran Pathippagam
|}

=== Novels ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Samudhira kumaararhal || Annam Pathippaham
|-
| Thwaiba || Sri Shenbaha Pathippaham
|-
| Anda Bagiranda Adharvana Siddharhal || Nakkirran Pathippaham
|-
| Viduthalai Vengai || Sri Shenbaga Pathippaham
|-
| Jenni Jenni || KaalaiPoonga
|-
| Rishi Kamam || Udhayam
|-
| Ragam Thedum Kavidhaihal || Saandror murasu
|-
| Oru Nayil nadhi || Maniyan
|-
| Karunai vayal || Agni
|}

=== Poetry ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Narasimma Vadham || Annam publications
|}

=== Tamil periodical contributions ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Aaranya kandathu arundhadhihal || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| Kaadhalahi kasindhu || Idhayam Pesugirathu
|-
| Irava varam petra Indiya siddharhal || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| Kadavulai kaadhalitha kanniyar || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| Atshaya Kavitha aanmiga gurumaarhal || Bala jodhidam
|-
| Sinnanjiru kiliye || Thayin manikkodi
|-
| Karayan Putredukka || Maniyan
|-
| Gnana siddharhalin Attama Siddhihal || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| Oru Nayil Nadhi || Saravanas stores
|-
| Thvaiba || Gopura deepam
|-
| Ingu Karpu parisodhikkapadum || Maniyan
|-
| Siddhargalin Arpudha Siddhigal || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| Closeup murder || Kunguma Chimizh
|-
| Grama devadaihal || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| Anda Bhagiranda adharvana Siddharga || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| Ushar pengaley ushar || Thanikkai malar
|-
| Mukkalam vendravargalin andha mukhthi velai || Om Saravana bhava
|-
| You devil || Kaalai poonga
|-
| Natpukku niramillai || Agni
|}

== Translation novels ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Yama (Alexander Gubrin)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Kalvadiyum Kadhal (Leo Tolstoy)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Thimingala vettai (Herman Melvin)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Rathakkatteri (Pram Stokker)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Kalyana Kanavuhal (Jehn Austin)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Yezhlai padum padu (Victor Hugo)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Anna Karineena (Leo Tolstoy)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Siddhartha (Herman Hessie)|| Iniya Udayam
|-
| Ulagappugal petra Piramoli Naavalhal|| Kathir veliyeedu
|}

== Fictions on various titles ==

=== Drama ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Melainaattu medai Naadahangal || Sri Shenbaha Pathipaham
|-
| Indiya Nadahamedayil kodikatti paranthavarhal || Kavitha publications
|-
| Viduthalai velviyil naadaha kalai || RR Nilayam
|-
| Medayai maatriya Naadaha kathaihal || Ramprasanth Publications
|-
| Ulahai ulukkiya thigil naadahangal || Charu Prabha Publications
|-
| Indiya mozhihalin arithaana medaihal|| Raaja manikkamal publications
|}

=== Music ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Bharatha Ratna M.S.Subhulakshmi Isaikkaviyam || Sri Shenbaha Pathipaham
|}

=== Cinema ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Kaalathai vendra thiraipadakkalai || Sri Shenbaha Pathipaham
|-
| Puhal petra 100 cinema kalaingarhal || Shankara Pathippaham
|-
| Irupatham nootrandin Indiya Cinema || Saruprabha Publications
|}

=== History ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Kaalam pala kanda Hider ali || Saru prabha publications
|-
| Adimai vilangoditha Indiya Pennarasihal || Saru prabha publications
|-
| Veerathin Adaiyalam Maratiya Sivaji || Raja maanikkamal publications
|-
| Hitlarin Andharanga Kaadhali || Ramprasanth
|-
| Viyakkathakka Ulaga naayagargal || Tamilan Nilayam
|-
| Ulaha viduthalai poraaligalin sirai kurrippuhal || Arivu nilayam
|-
| Pennarasigalin veera varalaru || Ilakkumi Nilayam
|-
| Ulagai ulukkum varalaatru nihalvuhal || Tamil nilayam
|-
| Sarithiram padaitha saadhanaiyaalarhal || Sethu Alami
|-
| Indiavil kumbeniyar kalam || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Ulaha puratchiyargalin kadhaihal || Arivu nilayam
|-
| Pughal petra India varalatru kadhaihal || Dhanalaxmi Publications
|-
| Saadhanai chithiram Nelson mandela || Arivu nilayam
|-
| Irumbu manithan stalin || Arivu nilayam
|-
| Nepolean Bonapart || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Naayakka mannargalum sethupathihalum || Arivu nilayam
|-
| Hitlarin yutha kalangal || Arivu nilayam
|-
| Tippu sultan oru thigaipootum varalatru paarvai || Anbu Illam
|}

=== Theology ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Mahaveerar vaalvum vaakum || Sri Shenbaga Publications
|-
| Olikkadavul Vallalar || Priya Nilayam
|-
| Naanilam potrum nabigal naayagam || Sri Shenbaga Publications
|-
| Paandu rangan bhaktha leelai || Sri Shenbaga Publications
|-
| Sri Raamanujar vaalvum vaakkum || Sri Shenbaga Publications
|-
| Krishna Kaaviyam - Aaayar Paadiyilirunthu Amaraapuri varai || Raja Manikkamal Publications
|-
| Bhudhanin mun jenmam || Ram Prasanth Publications
|-
| aadhi Shankarar || Saru Prabha Publications
|-
| Karuviley uruvaana Gurunaanak || Saru Prabha Publications
|-
| Sri Rahavendirar || Saru Prabha Publications
|-
| Sriadi sai baba || Saru Prabha Publications
|-
| Vallalar || Saru Prabha Publications
|-
| Harichandra kaaviyam || Ram Prasanth Publications
|-
| panniru aalwaarhal arul varalaaru || Ram Prasanth Publications
|-
| Bhudha kaaviyam || Saru Prabha Publications
|-
| Naayan maarhalin thiru kadhaihal || Ram Prasanth Publications
|-
| Paamban swamihalin vaalvum vaakkum || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Sathyavaan Saavithri || R.S.P. Publications
|-
| Mukkaalam vendravarhalin andha mukthi velai || R.S.P. Publications
|}

=== Literature ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Idayam thotta Islamiya ilakkiyam || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Mahaa kaviyin padhivuhal || Kavitha Publications
|-
| Thiru mangai azhlwar thiruvaayamudam || Kurinji Pathippaham
|-
| Aymberum Kaapiyangal || Ramprasanth Publications
|-
| Tamilil Imayam kanda 100 periyaarhal || Tamilan Nilayam
|-
| Varalaru koorum vattara ilakkiam || Priya Pathippaham
|-
| Marakka mudiyatha mangayar Thilahangal || Ramprasanth Publications
|}

=== Epic ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Mahabharatam || Nakkiran
|-
| Sundara Kaandam || Nakkiran
|-
| Ramayanam || Raja Manakiammal Publications
|-
| Idhayathai eramaakkum Idhikkasa kadhaihal || Nakkiran
|-
| Maanavarhalukkaana Ramayanam || Vignesh Pathippagam
|-
| Gurushetram koorum Kadhaihal || Ilakkumi Nilayam
|}

=== Law ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Pengalum Paadhugaappu sattangalum || Sri Shenbaga Pathippaham
|}

=== Computer ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Kanini oru kanavu desam || Arivu nilayam
|-
| Internet yenum iniya nanban || Ilakkumi Nilayam
|}

=== Sports ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Ulaga vilayaatu kalangiyum || Dhanalakshmi Pathippaham
|-
| Pugazhpetra 101 cricket veerarhal || Ilakkumi Nilayam
|}

=== G.K ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
| Sigarathai thotta sindhanaiyaalarhal|| Vishalatshi Pathippaham
|-
| Kadhal Kalanjiyum|| Ilakkumi Nilayam
|-
| Super Quiz box|| Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Pugal petra lol saadhanayaalarhal|| Vishalatshi Pathippaham
|-
| Ulaha Thahaval kalanjiyum|| Arunodhayam
|-
| Vedikkayaana Vidukathaihal|| Arun pathippaham
|-
| Viyakkathakka Ulaha naayaharhal|| Tamizhlan nilayam
|-
| Puhal petra 101 kattidangal|| Ilakkumi Nilayam
|-
| Thakaval Arivvu kalanjiyum|| dhanalakshmi Publications
|-
| Sindhanayai thoondum 1000 vidukathaihal|| Ram Prasanth
|-
| 3581 pazha molihal|| Ram Prasanth
|-
| Arivu vettai super quiz 2652|| Raaja maanikkamal
|-
| Ulahai maatrippotta vingnana kandupidippuhal|| Ram Prasanth
|-
| vinnadi vinaakkal 3000|| Arivu nilayam
|}

=== Siddha ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of the book !! Publications
|-
|Siddhar kalanjium pagam -1 || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Siddhar kalanjium pagam -2 || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Siddhar sonna Nadi ragasiyangal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Neengalum kooduvitta koodu paayalum || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Siddharhalin varmakkalai marmangal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Irava varam petra India siddharhal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Yendrum ilamaikku siddharhalin yoga vasiyangal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Siddharhalin mandrea vasiya kurippuhal || Saruprabha Publications
|-
| Gnana siddharhalin attama siddhihal || Saruprabha Publications
|-
| Sivavakia siddhargalin valvum viyappum || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Siddhargal aruliya 200 mooligai ragasiyangal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Siddharhal nihalthiya arpudangal || Saruprabha Publications
|-
| Anda bahiranda adharvana siddharhal || Saruprabha Publications
|-
| Makkalukkaai mutrum thurantha mahaa siddarhal || Saruprabha Publications
|-
| Siddhar paadalhal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Maranathai vendra mahaa siddhar vallalar || R.S.P. Publications
|-
| Siddharhalin srishti ragasiyam || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda aavihalai virattum mooligai rahasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda rasamani mooligai rahasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda thanga mooligai ragasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Aatkolli noyai adithu virattum yoga payirchihal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Siddharhalin mandira thanthira kalaihal || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Sagala visakadikkum siranjeeva mooligaihal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Narambu murukketrum aasana payirchi || R.S.P. Publications
|-
| Vaalvikka vantha siddharhal || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda vasiya mooligai rahasiyangal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda kaaya kalpa mooligai rahasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda mandira mooligai rahasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Siruneeraha noi virattum aasana payirchihal || R.S.P. Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda pesum moolihaihal || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Sindhai allum siddhar arul molihal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda pudaiyal mooligai rahasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda arokkia azhagu tharum mooligai rahasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Moola noi virattum murayaana aasangal || Ramprasantha Publications
|-
| Illarathirkku pinnum ilamayai irukka yelia yogaasanangal || R.S.P. Publications
|-
| Siddharhal kanda deiveeha mooligai rahasiyangal || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Mudhuguvaliya?Moottuvaliya?Iduppuvaliya? Yogaasanam payilvom || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Padhinen Siddharhalin varalaru || R.R. Nilayam
|-
| Arokkia vaalvukku 55 aasanangal || Karpagam Pudhagalyam
|-
| Siddhar Gnana ragasiyam || Visalatchi Pathippagam
|-
| Siddhar kanda yoga mooligai Sakkarai noy neenga || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Siddharhalin yoga neri || Senthamil Pathippaham
|-
| Ungal thottathil uyir kaakkum mooligai || Visalatchi Pathippagam
|-
| Siddharhal aruliya siranjeevi maruthuvam || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Moolanoy neenga siddhar kanda yogaa matrum mooligai || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Pattinathu siddhar vaalvum vaakkum || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Kan,Kaadhu noy neenga siddhar kanda yoga matrum mooligai || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Siruneeraga noy neenga siddhar kanda yoga matrum mooligai || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Rathakothippu Idaya noyhal neenga siddhar kanda yoga || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Yendrum ilamayudan irukka siddhar kanda yoga matrum mooligai || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Koodu vittu koodu paayum kalai || R.R.Nilayam
|-
| Ashthma, suvasakkolar neenga siddhar kanda yoga matrum mooligai || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Narambu thalarchi neenga siddhar kanda yoga matrum mooligai || Sankar Pathippagam
|-
| Siddhar marabukkathihal || Sri Shenbaha Publications
|-
| Parasakthi Agathiyarukku arulia mandhira jodhi || Rajamanikkamal Publications
|-
| Kattilukkum thotillukkum Siddhar kaatiya valihal || Saruprabha Publications
|}

== Other media contributions ==

* Many short stories were contributed to Madurai, Tuticorin radio stations and were praised by Radio fans.

== Awards and contributions ==

* "Ilakkiya Sindhanai" award to his "Koottanjoru" Sirukadaihal.
* "Therunai" short story was praised by Ananda vikadan itself.
* "Vizhuthugal" short story was praised by "Idayam pesugiradhu" weekly for "Natchathira sirukadhai".
* "Ooothapoo" short story was praised by "Saavi" weekly for its "Vaanavil sirukadhai potti".
* "Iravu nerathu magudihal" was praised by "Thai" weekly for its sirukathai potti.
* "Samuthira Kumararhal" novel was selected as one of the best novel of 1980's by TKC.This novel was accepted by Madurai Kamaraj University for M.A. subject.
* "Viduthalai vengai" novel was accepted by [[Annamalai University]] for M.Phil.
* "Viradha paruvam" - A short story collection was accepted by Pachaiyappa college,Chennai for M.Phil.
* "Velviyil Mulaitha vidhaihal" -A short story collection was accepted by Annamalai University for M.phil.
* "Jegaadhavin Sirukadhaihal" collection was accepted by Sri saradha women college(Salem),Fathima College for M.phil.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==

The details have been gathered from the following publications.
* India Today<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208130327/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 February 2009|title=Latest News, Breaking News Today - Bollywood, Cricket, Business, Politics - IndiaToday}}</ref>
* Ananda Vikadan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vikatan.com/|title=Vikatan: Get Today's News (Tamil), Breaking News, Tamil News Online}}</ref>
* Kumudham<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kumudam.com/|title=முகப்பு - குமுதம் செய்தி தமிழ்}}</ref>
* Dhinamani<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dinamani.com/edition/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914043604/http://www.dinamani.com/edition/default.aspx |archivedate=2012-09-14 |title=Dinamani - Tamil Daily News Paper,epaper,latest tamil news,politics,tamil movies,Photo Gallery }}</ref>
* Nakkeran<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nakkheeran.in/|publisher=Nakkeran|accessdate=19 August 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818232508/http://www.nakkheeran.in/|archivedate=18 August 2012|title=Home}}</ref>
* Saravanna store
* Kunguma chimzh
* Thayin manikkodi
* Mugavai murasu
* Thodarum
* Saandror Murasu
* Niraimathi
* Ambala, Internet
* Nivedhini(Ceylon)

[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil writers]]

St. Patrick's Higher Secondary School

2026-03-13T11:28:03Z

Timesofmillionaire: updated page

{{Short description|Private school in Asansol, West Bengal, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Patrick's School
| image = SPS_crest_original_(1970s)_compressed_sharp_sepia.gif
| image_size = 125px
| motto = Sola Nobilitas Virtus ''Nobility is the sole Virtue''
| established = 1891
| coordinates = {{Coord|23.6875954|N|86.9607937|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Private school|Private]]
| affiliation = [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]]
| district = Burdwan
| grades = KG–12
| principal = Nigel Michael D'Souza
| head_of_school =
| dean =
| faculty = 60
| staff =
| enrollment = 1,800 and above
| athletics = [[Association football|Football]], [[cricket]], [[swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[basketball]], [[badminton]], [[table tennis]], [[field hockey|hockey]].
| colors = [[Green]] {{color box|#347235}} and [[Gold (color)|gold]] {{color box|#FDD017}}
| location = [[Asansol]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| address = GT Rd, Chelidanga, Asansol, West Bengal 713301
| website = {{URL|http://stpatricksschoolasansol.com/}}
}}

'''St. Patrick's Higher Secondary School''' or '''SPS''' is one of the oldest schools in eastern [[India]]. The school admits students from kindergarten to 12th standard providing them with complete [[secondary education]]. Located in [[Asansol]], in the [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] of the western part of [[West Bengal]], with a distance of 200 kilometres from [[Kolkata]] (Calcutta).

==History==
St. Patrick’s School was started in the year 1891 and was previously a Scholasticate for Belgian Jesuits. The climate of the dry plains seemed to be hard on them hence it was taken over by the Irish Christian Brothers in 1890 and opened the institution as St. Patrick’s Boarding of Anglo- Indian and European Boys.<ref>[http://ereindia.in/st-patricks-asansol/ Initial Beginning]</ref> The buildings were first used to host students only in 1891, founded by the [[Congregation of Christian Brothers]], a [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[religious institute]] from [[Ireland]] that has undertaken missionary and educational work worldwide. This group, also informally known as the Christian Brothers, was founded by [[Edmund Ignatius Rice]]. St. Patrick's School, Asansol is one of the 19 [[List of Christian Brothers schools#India|Christian Brothers Schools in India]]. For a brief span of time during the Second World War, when the Royal Air Force was using the school buildings as air-force base and distress quarters<ref>{{Cite book|title=Last Children of the Raj|last=Fleming|first=Laurence|publisher=I. B. Tauris|year=2004|location=the University of Michigan|pages=293}}</ref> while the administration of the School was under the Jesuit Mission of Patna and the school was shifted to Kurji.<ref>[http://stpatricksschoolasansol.in/pages/principalsovertheyears.html School Administration over the years]</ref>

==Description==
With three sections for each class/grade from KG to 10 and two sections for 11 and 12, there are about 1,800 students enrolled in the school. The school follows the 10+2 [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]] curriculum which includes the national [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] exam at the end of Class 10, and the [[Indian School Certificate|ISC]] Science exam at the end of Class 12. The school enjoys considerable recognition for academic excellence, having produced many state and national rankers.

St. Patrick's was originally a fully residential school. It started admitting day scholars later, and finally closed the hostel completely in 1984. The school has enrolled girls in Classes 11 and 12 since 2009. The Jubilee Hospital Building on the grounds was built in 1918. It is no longer a functioning hospital, having closed at the same time that hostel was closed. It is currently used as a residence for some staff members.

The school is one of the largest landowners in [[Asansol]], with buildings, fields, a huge pond and acres of virgin wooded areas bordering prime real estate like the residential colony known as Hill View or other schools like Loreto Convent, Maria Goretti, St. Joseph's School and St. Vincent's School.

==Alumni==

St. Patrick's Alumni International, is the largest and oldest alumni organization, founded in 2001. It has about 4,500 alumni in its network and does not charge any fees.

[[File:PanoramicPhotoofSchool.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Panoramic photo of the school from atop the main school building.]]

==Notable alumni==
* [[Ronald Allen Moore]], Calcutta Police officer
* [[Partha Pratim Chakraborty]], Director of [[IIT Kharagpur]] 2013 – present
* [[Stephen Hector Taylor-Smith]] '11 (the originator of [[rocket mail]] in India, and memorialised on a postage stamp)
* Late [[Himachal Som]] '61 (former Indian Ambassador to Italy, father of [[Vishnu Som]], [[NDTV]] anchor) and husband of Dr. [[Reba Som]], Director of [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]' Rabindranath Tagore Centre in Kolkata.
*[[Ritwik Das]] professional footballer
*[[Samir Tewari]], film director, directed Mr Joe B Carvalho

==See also==
* [[Education in India]]
* [[Education in West Bengal]]
*[[List of schools in India]]

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://stpatricksschoolasansol.in/}}
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/spsasansol/ Official home of SPAI, the alumni association]

{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Patrick's Higher Secondary School}}
[[Category:Congregation of Christian Brothers secondary schools]]
[[Category:Catholic schools in India]]
[[Category:Christian schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Primary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Education in Asansol]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1891]]
[[Category:1891 establishments in India]]

Banarhat (community development block)

2026-03-11T14:15:53Z

Timesofmillionaire: Added first info more to come

{{Short description|Community development block in West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Banarhat
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = Banarhat in Jalpaiguri (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.79|N|89.03|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 218164
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
[[Alipurduar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alipurduar]](part)
[[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]](part)
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dhupguri Assembly constituency|Dhupguri]](part)
[[Nagrakata Assembly constituency|Nagrakata]](part) [[Madarihat Assembly constituency|Madarihat]](part)
| website = {{URL|jalpaiguri.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Banarhat''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Dhupguri subdivision]] of the [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Banarhat is located at {{coord|26.79|N|89.03|E|}}.

Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Banarhat]].<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |accessdate =15 July 2023 }}</ref>

The Banarhat[[Community development blocks in India|(CD block)]] consists of seven gram panchayats.
[[Gram panchayat]]s of Banarhat block / [[panchayat samiti]] are: Sakoajhora-I, Salbari-I, Salbari-II, Banarhat-I, Banarhat-II, Chamurchi and Binnaguri Gram Panchayats.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.unfoldbangla.com/two-new-blocks-in-jalpaiguri-banarhat-and-kranti-sanctioned-by-the-state/article/ | title=জলপাইগুড়িতে দু'টি নতুন ব্লক- বানারহাট ও ক্রান্তি, অনুমোদন রাজ্যের | date=15 July 2023 | access-date=15 July 2023 | archive-date=11 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611021222/https://www.unfoldbangla.com/two-new-blocks-in-jalpaiguri-banarhat-and-kranti-sanctioned-by-the-state/article/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://haamarkhabar.com/bengali/2020/12/30/%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9f-%e0%a6%8f-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%95-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a5%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0/ | title=বানারহাট এ ব্লক স্থাপনের নোটিফিকেশন যারি হলো আজ | date=15 July 2023 }}</ref>

The Banarhat CD block is bounded by the [[Samtse District]] of Bhutan on the north, [[Madarihat-Birpara (community development block)|Madarihat-Birpara]] and [[Falakata (community development block)|Falakata]] CD blocks in Alipurduar district on the east, [[Dhupguri (community development block)|Dhupguri]] and [[Maynaguri (community development block)|Maynaguri]] CD blocks on the south, [[Nagrakata (community development block)|Nagrakata]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://jalpaiguri.gov.in/banarhat/ |title = Map of Banarhat Block| publisher= District administration| accessdate = 15 July 2023}}</ref>

==Demographics==

{{Empty section|date=July 2023}}

==Transport==
Banarhat is connected by State road to the district city of [[Jalpaiguri]] and other nearby towns of [[Dhupguri]], [[Gairkata]], [[Mainaguri]], etc. It lies on [[NH 31C|National Highway 31C]], which crosses the [[Teesta River|Teesta river]] at the [[Coronation Bridge]], [[Siliguri]], Oodlabari, [[Malbazar]], [[Birpara]], [[Hasimara]], [[Alipurduar]] and beyond.

[[Banarhat Railway Station]] the important railway station: Banarhat (Code: [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/banarhat-bnq/7169 BNQ], Railway Zone: Northeast Frontier) - on the [[New Jalpaiguri-Alipurduar-Samuktala Road Line]].

==Education==
*[[Banarhat Kartik Oraon Hindi Government College]] was established at Banarhat in 2014. Affiliated with the [[University of North Bengal|North Bengal University]], it is a Hindi-medium institution offering courses in arts and science.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://bkohindigovernmentcollege.ac.in/?/category/orenoippinn/ |title = Banarhat Kartik Oraon Hindi Government College |publisher= BKOHGC | accessdate = 15 July 2023 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Jalpaiguri topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Jalpaiguri district]]

List of Malayalam films of 1997

2026-03-07T04:46:42Z

Timesofmillionaire: reworked page based on references and improved wording after review

{{Short description|None}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Malayalam films}}

The following is a list of [[Malayalam film]]s released in the year 1997.
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#000;"
! colspan='2' | Opening !!Film !! Cast !! Director !! Music director !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"|'''J A N'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"|

|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 17
| ''[[Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan]]'' || [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]]||[[Babu Narayanan]] || [[Raveendran]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 18
| ''[[Itha Oru Snehagatha]]'' || [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Laila (actress)|Laila]], [[Captain Raju]]||[[Captain Raju]] || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 23
| ''[[Arjunan Pillayum Anchu Makkalum]]'' ||[[Jagadish|Jagadheesh]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Charmila]]|| Chandrasekharan || [[Mohan Sithara]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''F E B'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 3
| ''[[The Car (1997 film)|The Car]]'' || [[Jayaram]], [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]], [[Sreelakshmi]]||[[Rajasenan]] || Sanjeev ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 6
| ''[[Kulam (film)|Kulam]]'' || [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Bhanupriya]] || [[Lenin Rajendran]] || [[MG Radhakrishnan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 24
| ''[[Five Star Hospital]]'' ||[[George Vishnu]], [[Jagadish]], [[Thilakan]]
| || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 25
| ''[[Ullasapoongattu]]'' || [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] || [[Vinayan]] || [[Berny-Ignatius]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;"|'''A P R'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 4
| ''[[Varnapakittu]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] || [[I. V. Sasi]] || [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 9
| ''[[Bhoopathi (1997 film)|Bhoopathi]]'' || [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]], [[Priya Raman|Priyaraman]]||[[Joshiy]] || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 15
| ''[[Manthra Mothiram]]'' || [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Nedumudi Venu]] || [[Sasi Shanker]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 18
| ''[[Bhoothakannadi]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Sreelakshmi]]||[[Lohithadas]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"|'''M A Y'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 1
| ''[[Kaliyoonjal]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Shobana]], [[Dileep]], [[Shalini (actress)|Shalini]]||[[Anil Babu]] || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 10
| ''Gajaraja Manthram'' ||[[Jagadish|Jagadhish]], [[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]], [[Charmila]]||[[Thaha]] || [[Berny-Ignatius]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 17
| ''[[Gangothri (film)|Gangothri]]'' || [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], [[Thilakan]]|| S. Anil || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 18
| ''[[Irattakuttikalude Achan]]'' || [[Jayaram]], [[Manju Warrier]] || [[Sathyan Anthikad]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 19
| ''[[Katha Nayakan]]'' || [[Jayaram]], [[Kalamandalam Kesavan]], [[Divyaa Unni|Divya Unni]]||[[Rajasenan]] || [[Mohan Sithara]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 21
| ''[[Lelam]]'' ||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[M. G. Soman]], [[Kausalya (actress)|Nandhini]]||[[Joshiy]] || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''J U N'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 7
| ''[[Mayaponman]]'' || [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]]||[[Thulasidas]] || [[Berny-Ignatius]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 9
| ''[[Kilukil Pambaram]]'' || [[Jayaram]], [[Vani Viswanath]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]||[[Thulasidas]] || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;"|'''J U L'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 8
| ''[[Hitler Brothers]]'' ||[[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]]. [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]|| Sandhya Mohan || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 18
| ''[[Karunyam]]'' || [[Jayaram]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]], [[Divyaa Unni|Divya Unni]]||[[A. K. Lohithadas|A.K Lohithadas]] || Kaithapuram Damodaran Namboothiri ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 25
| ''Kalyanappittannu'' || [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Priya Raman]]||[[K. K. Haridas]] || [[Ravindran]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''A U G'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 22
| ''[[Kaliyattam]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Biju Menon]]
|[[Jayaraaj]]
|[[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri|Kaithapram]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"|'''S E P'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 1
| ''[[Oral Mathram]]'' ||[[Mammootty]], [[Thilakan]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]]||[[Sathyan Anthikkad]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 4
| ''[[Chandralekha (1997 film)|Chandralekha]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Pooja Batra]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]||[[Priyadarshan]] || [[Berny Ignatius]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 9
| ''[[Churam]]'' || [[Manoj K. Jayan]], [[Divya Unni]] || [[Bharathan]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 13
| ''[[Oru Yathramozhi]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Sivaji Ganeshan]], [[Ranjitha]]||[[Prathap Pothan]] || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 17
| ''[[Janathipathyam]]'' || [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Vani Viswanath|Vani Vishwanath]]||[[K. Madhu]] || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''O C T'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 1
| ''[[Junior Mandrake]]'' ||[[Jagadish]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Rajan P. Dev|Rajan P Dev]]||[[Ali Akbar (director)|Ali Akbar]] || [[Berny-Ignatius|Berny Ignatius]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 14
| ''[[Superman (1997 film)|Superman]]'' || [[Jayaram]], [[Shobana]] || [[Rafi Mecartin|Rafi and Mecartin]] || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 15
| ''[[Adukkala Rahasyam Angaadi Paattu]]'' ||[[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
|Nissar
| ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 19
| ''[[Guru (1997 film)|Guru]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]], [[Suresh Gopi]]||[[Rajiv Anchal]] || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;"|'''D E C'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 20
| ''[[Anubhoothi]]'' ||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Vani Viswanath|Vani Vishwanath]]||[[I. V. Sasi]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 24
| ''[[Kalyana Kacheri]]'' || [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Shobhana]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar|Jagathi Sreekumar]]|| Anil Chandra || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 25
| ''[[Poonilamazha]]'' || [[Sanjay Mitra (actor)|Sanjay Mitra]], Ankitha || Sunil || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] ||
|-
| || ||''[[Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Biju Menon]]
|[[Kamal (director)|Kamal]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|-
| || ||''[[Kudamattam]]''||[[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]], [[Biju Menon]], [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]]
|[[Sundar Das]]
|[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
|
|-
| || ||''Ancharakalyanam''||[[Jagadish]], [[Janardanan]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]]
|[[V. M. Vinu|VM Vinu]]
| ||
|-
| || ||''[[Innalekalillaathe]]''||[[Biju Menon]], [[Manju Warrier]]
|George Kithu
| ||
|-
| || ||''Guru Sishyan''||[[Jagadish]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Kaveri]]
|[[Sasi Shanker|Sasi Shankar]]
|[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
|
|-
| || ||''[[Kottappurathe Koottukudumbam]]''||[[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvasi]], [[Janardanan]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''[[Nee Varuvolam]]''||[[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Divyaa Unni|Divya Unni]], [[Thilakan]]
|[[Sibi Malayil]]
|[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| || ||''[[Asuravamsam]]''||[[Manoj K. Jayan]], [[Biju Menon]], [[Priya Raman]]
|[[Shaji Kailas]]
| ||
|-
| || ||''[[Poothumbiyum Poovalanmarum]]''||[[Vani Viswanath|Vani Vishwanath]], [[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''[[Nagarapuraanam]]''||[[Jagadish]], [[Thilakan]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''[[Mangalya Pallakku (film)|Mangalya Pallakku]]''||[[Sreenivasan]], [[Jagadish]], [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''[[Moonu Kodiyum Munnooru Pavanum]]''||[[Jagadish]], [[Shammi Thilakan]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''Kannur''||[[Manoj K. Jayan|Manoj K Jayan]], [[Vani Viswanath|Vani Vishwanath]]
|Haridas
|[[Raveendran]]||
|-
| || ||''[[Newspaper Boy (1997 film)|Newspaper Boy]]''||[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Suma Kanakala]]
|[[Nissar (director)|Nissar]]
| ||
|-
| || ||''Adivaram''||[[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]]
|[[Jose Thomas]]
|[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
|
|-
| || ||''[[Kalyana Unnikal]]''||[[Baiju Santhosh|Baiju]], [[Mahesh (Malayalam actor)|Mahesh]]
|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
| ||
|-
| || ||''[[Siamese Irattakal]]''||[[Sainudeen]], [[Maniyanpilla Raju]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''[[Masmaram]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], Arpana Rao
|[[Thampi Kannanthanam|Thampi Kannamthanam]]
|S. P. Venkatesh
|
|-
| || ||''[[Mangamma (film)|Mangamma]]''||[[Revathi]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]]
|[[T. V. Chandran]]
|[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| || ||''[[Suvarna Simhaasanam]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Ranjitha]]
|[[P. G. Viswambharan]]
|[[Ouseppachan]]
|
|-
| || ||''[[Manasam]]''||[[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Srividya]], [[Kaveri (actress)|Kaveri]], [[Biju Menon]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''Vamsam''||[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Sukumaran]], [[Sreejaya Nair]]
|Baiju Kottarakkara
| ||
|-
| || ||''[[Rishyasringan]]''||[[Bhanupriya]], Krishna
|Suresh Unnithan
| ||
|-
| || ||''Ikkareyanente Manasam''||[[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]], [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]]
| || ||
|-
| || ||''[[Fashion Parade]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Niyogam]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Shibiram]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''Manikya Koodaram''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''Snehadooth''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Oru Mutham Manimutham]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Sankeerthanam Pole]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[The Good Boys]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[The Ranger (1997 film)|The Ranger]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Aattuvela]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Snehasindooram]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Kaduva Thoma]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Vaachalam]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Janmadinam (film)|Janmadinam]]''|| || || ||
|-
| || || ''[[Sammanam (1997 film)|Sammanam]]''||[[Manoj K. Jayan|Manoj K Jayan]][[Manju Warrier]]|| [[Sundar Das]]|| ||
|-
| || || ''[[Moksham (1997 film)|Moksham]]'' || || || ||
|}

==Dubbed films==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="25%" | Title !! width="18%" | Director !! width="18%" | Music !! width="18%" | Cast
|-
| ''Yuvashakthi'' || Joe Simon ||Sathu Kokila ||[[Babu Antony]]
|}

==References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

{{Malayalam films|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{1997 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malayalam Films Of 1997}}
[[Category:1997 Malayalam-language films| 1997]]
[[Category:Lists of Malayalam films by year|1997]]
[[Category:Lists of 1997 films by language|Malayalam]]
[[Category:1997 in Indian cinema]]

Lava Kusa (1934 film)

2026-03-06T20:15:17Z

Timesofmillionaire:

{{Short description|1934 Telugu film by C. Pullayya}}
{{EngvarB|date = January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox film
| name = Lava Kusa
| director = [[C. Pullayya]]
| screenplay = Vallabhajosyula Ramana Murthy
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{Ubl |[[Balijepalli Lakshmikantha Kavi]]}}
}}
| producer = Motilal Chamaria
| starring = Parupalli Subbaravu [[Sriranjani Sr.]] Master Bhimaraju Master Malleswara Rao Parupalli Satyanarayana
| music = Prabhala Satyanarayana
| studio = [[East India Film Company]]
| released = {{Film date|1934|12|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 165 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Lava Kusa''''' is a 1934 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Hindu mythological film]] directed by [[C. Pullayya]] and produced by Motilal Chamaria under the [[East India Film Company]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lava Kusa (1934) |url=https://indiancine.ma/BLH/info |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> The film is based on the play ''Lava Kusa'', written by K. Subrahmanya Sastry, and marks an important milestone in early [[Telugu cinema]]. It was one of the first Telugu films to feature recorded songs, following the trend set by ''[[Sati Savitri (C. Pullayya film)|Sati Savitri]]'' (1933). All the songs in ''Lava Kusa'' were well received, contributing to its success.<ref name="Kanudu Kanudu Ramayanagatha">{{cite web |last1=Harikrishna |first1=Mamidi |title=కనుడు … కనుడు రామాయణగాథ |url=http://navatarangam.com/2011/09/filmy-ramayanam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315074944/http://navatarangam.com/2011/09/filmy-ramayanam/ |archive-date=15 March 2015 |accessdate=27 January 2015 |website=Navatarangam |publisher= |language=te}}</ref>

The film narrates the [[Ramayana]] story of [[Sita]], who, after retiring to the forest, gives birth to twin sons, [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusa]]. Unaware that [[Rama]] is their father, the twins later confront him. The film was a major hit and ran in some theatres for over a year. It marked the acting debut of singer [[Sriranjani Sr.|Sriranjani]]. It was also one of the first Telugu films to have a wide release in rural areas of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" />

C. Pullayya, in collaboration with his son [[C. S. Rao]], remade ''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' in 1963, featuring [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Anjali Devi]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=13 January 2017 |title=Blast from the Past with Lava Kusa |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/LAVA-KUSA-1963/article17035779.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-11-18 |title=Reliving the magic of 'Lava Kusa' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/reliving-the-magic-of-lava-kusa/article2638709.ece |access-date=2024-10-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-29 |title=Lava Kusa: తెలుగునాట వెలుగుతూనే ఉన్న 'లవకుశ'! |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/all-time-telugu-classic-lavakusa-completes-60-years-340416.html |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* Parupalli Subbarao as [[Rama]]
* [[Sriranjani Sr.|Sriranjani Senior]] as [[Sita]]
* Master Bhimaraju as [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lavudu]]
* Master Malleswara Rao as [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusudu]]
* Parupalli Satyanarayana as [[Valmiki]]
* Eemani Venkataramayya as [[Lakshmana]]
* K. Nagamani as [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]]
* Chari as [[Shatrughna|Satrughna]]
* Madduri Buchanna Sastri as [[Vasishtha|Vasishta]]
* Dr. H. V. Venkatachalam as Rajakudu
* P. V. Ramana Rao as Erigadu
* Ramadevi as Dharitri
* Padmabala
* Bhushanashastri
}}

== Production ==
Prior to ''Lava Kusa'', a total of nine films were produced in various Indian languages based on the same storyline. The first adaptation was a silent film made in 1919 by [[R. Nataraja Mudaliar]]. The [[East India Film Company]] made an attempt to produce the film in Telugu in 1934. The dialogues were written by the prominent poet [[Balijepalli Lakshmikantha Kavi|Balijepalli Lakshmikantam]].<ref name="Nati 101 Chitralu">{{cite book |last1=S. V. |first1=Rama Rao |title=Nati 101 Chitralu |date=2009 |publisher=Kinnera Publications |edition=2 |location=Hyderabad |pages=9,10}}</ref>

For the role of [[Rama]], Parupalli Subbaraju was selected. [[Sriranjani Sr.]] played the role of [[Sita]]. Masters Bhimaraju and Mallikarjuna Rao were cast as [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusa]]. B. C. H. Narasinga Rao was chosen for the role of Rajakudu. Notably, Sriranjani was already famous for playing male roles in plays.<ref name="Nati 101 Chitralu" /> The casting choice for [[Lakshmana]] was made with the consideration that the actor should resemble Parupalli Subbaraju, who played Rama, leading to the selection of Eemani Venkataramayya.<ref name="Nati 101 Chitralu2">{{cite book |last1=Pulagam |first1=Chinnarayana |title=Anati Anavallu |date=2016 |publisher=Vijaya Publications |edition=4 |location=Chennai |pages=11–16}}</ref>

''Lavakusa'' was filmed in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. The chariots and settings used were repurposed from [[Debaki Bose]]'s Bengali film ''[[Seeta (1934 film)|Seeta]]'' (1934).<ref name="Nati 101 Chitralu" />

== Music ==
The music for the film was composed by Prabhala Satyanarayana.<ref name="Nati 101 Chitralu" /> The lyrics for all the songs were penned by [[Balijepalli Lakshmikantha Kavi|Balijepalli Lakshmikantam]]. Some tunes used in the film were adapted from songs previously utilized in the film ''Seeta'', while other songs and verses were originally written for this film. In total, the film features 21 songs and 10 verses. The songs became widely popular and were sung as devotional hymns. The Sun Recording Company in [[Kakinada]] released the film's songs as records. According to film journalist Pulagam Chinnarayana, the practice of publishing song lyrics as books began with this film.<ref name="Nati 101 Chitralu2" />

== Release ==
[[File:Lavakusa_Advt.png|alt=Advertisement for Lavakusa published in Andhra Patrika on January 5, 1935|thumb|Advertisement for ''Lava Kusa'' in ''Andhra Patrika'' on 5 January 1935|249x249px]]

The contract method of releasing films was prevalent, where prints of the films did not return until the contract ended, leading to a gradual decline of this method. Before this, films were showcased using projectors made from wooden pieces and old machinery. The [[East India Film Company]] signed a contract with the "Chatterjee Bhupal Sound System" in Calcutta to introduce "Single Star Simplex Projectors" with this film. The methods established during this time laid the groundwork for the technological advancements that would eventually evolve into digital cinema.<ref name="Kanudu Kanudu Ramayanagatha" />

== Reception ==
The film was a major hit, running in theaters for over a year and drawing large crowds.<ref name=":0" /> At [[Vijayawada]]'s Durga Kalamandiram theatre, the atmosphere resembled a festival due to the high turnout. The film's collections surprised everyone, setting a record by earning ₹40,000, a significant achievement for early Telugu cinema.<ref name="Kanudu Kanudu Ramayanagatha" />

== See also ==

* [[Lavakusa|''Lava Kusa'']] - 1963 film

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0255315}}

[[Category:1930s Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1934 films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. Pullayya]]

Holy Cross Church, Mattancherry

2026-03-04T19:24:33Z

Timesofmillionaire: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Coonan Cross Oath]]

Minmini (1953 film)

2026-03-04T05:04:38Z

Timesofmillionaire: made a article from scratch

{{short description|1953 film by T. V. Ramnath and Krishnaswamy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Minmini
| image = Minmini 1953.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = T. V. Ramnoth Krishnaswamy
| writer = T. S. S. Mani
| starring = Vijayakumar Mangalam Krishna Sarma Menaka
| cinematography = V. Rajagopal
| studio = R. A. S. Dennakone Productions
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1953|7|3|ref1=}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
}}
'''''Minmini''''' ({{translation|Glowworm}}) is a 1953 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by T. V. Ramnath and Krishnaswamy. The film stars Vijayakumar and Mangalam. It was released on 3 July 1953.<ref name="dinamalarnellai">{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=5 December 2016 |title=கலைமாமணி வாமனனின் 'நிழலல்ல நிஜம்' – 53 {{!}} லட்சுமிகாந்தன் கொலை வழக்கும் 'மின்மினி' திரைப்படமும்! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/19272 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128122919/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/19272 |archive-date=28 November 2018 |access-date=28 November 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film [[Film à clef|fictionally depicts]] the life story of [[Lakshmikanthan murder case|Lakshmikanthan]] who was a film journalist and the editor of ''Hindu Nesan''.<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1953 – மின்மினி – ரால்டென்னா கூன் புரொடக்சன்ஸ் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1953-cinedetails29.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170625110005/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1953-cinedetails29.asp |archive-date=25 June 2017 |access-date=25 June 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref><ref name="neelamegam" />

== Cast ==
List adapted from the database of [[Film News Anandan]].<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />
{{Col-begin|width=65%}}
{{Col-2}}
;Male cast
*Vijayakumar
*Krishna Sarma
*T. K. Kalyanam
*''Chitra'' Krishnaswamy
{{Col-2}}
;Female cast
*Mangalam
*Menaka
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was produced under the banner ''R. A. S. Tennekone productions'' and directed by T. V. Ramnath and Krishnaswamy. T. S. S. Mani wrote the story and dialogues. Cinematography was handled by V. Rajagopal. P. S. Gopalakrishnan and Sampath Kumar were in charge of choreography. The film was produced at [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]].<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> R. A. S. Tennekone was a Sri Lankan.<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />

== Soundtrack ==
Lyrics were written by [[Kalki Krishnamurthy|Kalki]]. ([[Music composer]] and [[playback singer]]s are not known).<ref name="neelamegam">{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=60 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

;List of songs
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
#"Maaya Vallavan Kannan"
#"Aaha Endhan Inbam Neeye"
#"Sathyame Jayamae Thaane"
#"Maharaajaave Inge Vaareer"
#"Yaen Pirandheno Puviyil"
#"Thagumaa Eesa Idhu Un Thiruvilaiyaadal"
#"Sugame Tharumae Solaithaan Sobhithame"
#"Kaadhal Niraindha Vaazhve Vaazhvome"
{{div col end}}

== Reception ==
An English magazine wrote that ''Minmini'' was a [[horror film]] that could kill people.<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1953 Indian films]]
[[Category:1953 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1953 films]]
[[Category:Films à clef]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Basanta Utsav (film)

2026-03-04T00:26:29Z

Timesofmillionaire: cleanup

{{EngvarB|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Basanta Utsav
| image = Basanta Utsav film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Rhitobrata Bhattacharya
| producer =
| writer =
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|03}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Basanta Utsav''''' is a 2013 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film directed by Rhitobrata Bhattacharya. ''[[Holi]]'', the Indian festival is the backdrop of the film.<ref>{{cite news |title= Subho Basanta Utsav |url=https://www.banglalovestory.in/2021/03/basanta-utsav.html |publisher=Bangla Love Story |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="'Basanta Utsav' to narrate five stories">{{cite news|title='Basanta Utsav' to narrate five stories|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-16/news-interviews/31200782_1_swastika-rudranil-parambrata|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035130/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-16/news-interviews/31200782_1_swastika-rudranil-parambrata|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=21 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="Basanta Utsav music launch">{{cite web|title=Basanta Utsav music launch|url=http://www.gomolo.com/news-basanta-utsavs-music-unveiled-amidst-much-fanfare/7893|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=21 March 2013}}</ref> There are five different stories in the film.

== Plot ==
Basanta Utsav is an anthology of five independently shot films that revolve around love, desire, and relationships. The stories are written by Samantak Ghosh and Rhitobrata.<ref name="'Basanta Utsav' to narrate five stories" />

== Cast ==
* [[Parambrata Chatterjee]]
* [[Pijush Ganguly]]
* [[Paoli Dam]]
* [[Swastika Mukherjee]]
* [[Rudranil Ghosh]]
* Gargi RoyChowdhury

== See also ==
* ''[[Bye Bye Bangkok]]''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basanta Utsav film}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Indian anthology films]]

Judaai (1997 film)

2026-03-03T23:35:40Z

Timesofmillionaire: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Judaai
| image = Judaai 1997.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Raj Kanwar]]
| producer = [[Surinder Kapoor]] [[Boney Kapoor]]
| writer = [[Prakash Raj]] [[S.V. Krishna Reddy]] [[Jainendra Jain (screenwriter)|Jainendra Jain]]
| narrator = [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| starring = [[Anil Kapoor]] [[Sridevi]] [[Urmila Matondkar]]
| music = [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
| based_on = ''[[Subhalagnam]]'' by [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| cinematography = Harmeet Singh
| editing = Waman Bhonsle
| distributor = S.K. Film Enterprises [[Eros Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|1997|2|28|df=yes}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|6.30}} crore<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2703 |title=Judaai |author= |website=boxofficeindia |publisher=BOI |access-date=7 April 2017 |quote=Budget: ₹6,00,00,000}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|48.77}} crore<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2703 |title=Judaai |author= |website=boxofficeindia |publisher=BOI |access-date=7 April 2017 |quote=Worldwide Gross: 48,04,75,000}}</ref>
}}

'''''Judaai''''' ({{Translation|Separation}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Raj Kanwar]] and produced by [[Surinder Kapoor]] and [[Boney Kapoor]]. It stars [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Sridevi]] and [[Urmila Matondkar]]. [[Kader Khan]], [[Farida Jalal]], [[Johnny Lever]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Upasana Singh]] and [[Saeed Jaffrey]] feature in supporting roles. [[Poonam Dhillon]] makes a special appearance. It is a remake of the 1994 Telugu flm ''[[Subhalagnam]]''. The plot revolves around the travails of a greedy wife, Kajal (Sridevi), who, lured by wealth, convinces her husband (Kapoor) to marry a second time.<ref>{{cite web | title=New Straits Times - Google News Archive Search | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B81QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LxUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5398%2C4058215 }}</ref>

Some portions of the film were filmed in [[Thun]], [[Switzerland]]. Upon release, the film was a major commercial success, grossing ₹48.77 crore against its ₹6.30 crore budget, becoming the [[List of Bollywood films of 1997|seventh highest grossing Indian film of 1997]]. The film was widely praised for the performances of the lead actresses.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/jan02/films1.htm |title=Images '97 |date=2 January 1998 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980110140731/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/jan02/films1.htm |archive-date=10 January 1998 |access-date=18 May 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Plot ==
Kajal marries [[engineer]] Raj Verma. She assumes that he is wealthy and corrupt. But in reality, Raj is neither wealthy nor corrupt and this annoys Kajal.

She and Raj have twin children: Romi and Preeti. But still, Kajal's mind hasn't changed. She meets her old wealthy friend Nisha, lying that Raj is a business magnate, her family owns several cars, and has a big bungalow. Nisha offers to give her a lift and Kajal is exposed when the bungalow she points out as her own turns out to be Nisha's.

Coming from overseas, Raj's boss, Randhir's niece Jahnv,i learns he is an engineer working for Randhir's construction company. Vikram Khanna, Randhir's business partner, tries to rape Jahnvi, but Raj arrives and saves her. She falls in love with him.

Even when she learns that he is a married man, she is adamant about marrying him. Unaware that Kajal is Raj's wife, Jahnvi accidentally meets her. She confesses her love to Kajal and Raj, which angers them.

Jahnvi meets Kajal and offers 2 [[crore]] rupees in exchange for marrying Raj. Kajal, seeing this as her chance to gain wealth, accepts the proposal. Kajal forces Raj into the agreement. Reluctantly, Raj marries Jahnvi. Kajal divorces him herself, to comply with the [[Hindu Marriage Act, 1955|Hindu Marriage Act]]; thinking that she and Jahnvi will happily share Raj.

Kajal uses the money she got in the bargain to buy a huge mansion and cars. The bungalow she buys ends up being that of Nisha. She briefly returns to her old home to collect a picture of her husband. Kajal taunts her that she has fulfilled her dreams, whereas Nisha has lost everything. Nisha reminds Kajal that she sold her house and possessions to pay for the treatment of her ill husband, whereas Kajal has sold her husband for riches. Kajal moulds herself into a socialite. This leads to Kajal neglecting her family. Raj initially feels rejected by Kajal and does not get close to Jahnvi, feeling objectified for being bought and sold between his two wives. But the children and Raj find companionship with Jahnvi, who showers them with love and affection. She changes herself and becomes a housewife. She even travels happily in crowded buses and autos to make Raj and the kids feel secure and happy around her. She abandons all the luxury and comforts she grew up with. The children call Jahnvi "Maa", something that Kajal would previously reprimand her children for calling her, insisting that they call her "Mummy" as it sounded high society.

Kajal eventually realizes how she has drifted from her family. She forgets her wedding anniversary and throws a birthday party for her daughter's birthday, not realizing that Raj has never been attracted to a lavish lifestyle, and further pushes him away from her and towards Jahnvi. After frequent reminders from her mother, Kajal tries to make amends. When nothing works, an angry Kajal slaps Jahnvi and accuses her of stealing her husband, and tries to make Jahnvi leave. Kajal offers Jahnvi all her money back in exchange for Raj again, only to be told by Raj that she is the poorest, despite having all the riches she ever dreamed of. Kajal seeks legal advice, which also states that the only way she can legally marry Raj is if he and Jahnvi divorce. She then forcibly tries to throw Jahnvi out of the house, but to no avail, as Raj decides to leave with Jahnvi. The kids decide to stay with Janhvi and their father.

Kajal, on the other hand, distraught by her family abandoning her, donates all her riches. When she learns that Raj and the kids are leaving for the US, she runs to the airport for one final visit. She finds them ready to depart. But at the last minute, Jahnvi turns to Raj and tells them that she is leaving for the US alone, but she is not alone. She is expecting Raj's child. Jahnvi accepts that although Kajal sold her husband, it was she who offered to buy him, and thus she too should pay her dues. Kajal gets her family back, learning of the importance of family over money, and Jahnvi leaves for New York.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Anil Kapoor]] as Raj Verma
* [[Sridevi]] as Kajal Jain Verma : Raj’s wife
* [[Urmila Matondkar]] as Janhvi Sahni Verma : Raj’s second wife
* [[Saeed Jaffrey]] as Randhir Sahni : Janhvi’s uncle
* [[Paresh Rawal]] as Hasmukhlal Singh Bhagat
* [[Farida Jalal]] as Karuna Jain : Kajal’s mother
* [[Omkar Kapoor]] as Romesh "Romi" Verma : Raj & Kajal’s son
* [[Kader Khan]] as Rakshwant Jain : Kajal’s father
* [[Johnny Lever]] as Harish "Harry" Jain : Kajal’s brother
* [[Upasana Singh]] as Seema Bhagat / Vaani Bhagat Jain
*[[Dharmesh Tiwari]] as Kajal's lawyer
}}

===Special appearance===
* Anil Saxena as Vikram Khanna
* [[Poonam Dhillon]] as Nisha Khadoria: Kajal's friend
* [[Dinesh Hingoo]] as Dr. Manoj Chopra
* [[Mehmood Jr.]] as Champak Raina

== Soundtrack ==
The album was composed by the duo [[Nadeem-Shravan]] and lyrics were penned by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]. The whole album attained tremendous popularity. The film's [[soundtrack album]] sold two{{nbsp}}million units, making it one of the year's top ten best-selling [[Bollywood soundtrack]] albums.<ref name="boi90s">{{cite web |title=Music Hits 1990-1999 (Figures in Units) |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010439/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-01-02 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=1 January 2010}}</ref>

The film's biggest hit song was "Judaai Judaai", also known as "Mujhe Ek Pal Chain Na Aaye". It was copied from "Sanu Ek Pal Chain Na Aave" by Pakistani [[Qawwali]] singer [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]].<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1418/14181230.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011230173145/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1418/14181230.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2001-12-30|title=The stilled voice |author=Amit Baruah, R. Padmanabhan|publisher=[[The Hindu]], [[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]|date=6 September 1997}}</ref> "Meri Zindagi Ek Pyaas" is a copy of "Meri Zindagi Tera Pyar" - an iconic collaboration of [[Noor Jehan]] and [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]], penned by [[Khwaja Parvez]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan With Madam Noor Jehan - Tun Khayaal Ton Wi Sohni |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/1464502-Nusrat-Fateh-Ali-Khan-With-Madam-Noor-Jehan-Tun-Khayaal-Ton-Wi-Sohni |language=en |access-date=2022-06-20}}</ref>

The song "Pyaar Pyaar Karte Karte" features a sample from the [[Scatman John]] track "[[Scatman (Ski-Ba-Bop-Ba-Dop-Bop)]]".

=== Track listings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Song
! Singer(s)
|-
| 1.
| "Mujhe Pyar Hua Allahmiya"
| [[Alka Yagnik]] & [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]]
|-
| 2.
| "Main Tujhse Aise Milun"
| Alka Yagnik & Abhijeet
|-
| 3.
| "Ooee Baba"
| Alka Yagnik, Abhijeet & [[Sapna Mukherjee]]
|-
| 4.
| "Mujhe Ek Pal Chain Na Aaye"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Alka Yagnik & [[Jaspinder Narula]]
|-
| 5.
| "Raat Ko Neend Aati Nahin"
| [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]] & Priya Bhattacharya
|-
| 6.
| "Meri Zindagi Ek Pyaas"
| Jaspinder Narula & [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| 7.
| "Shaadi Karke Fas Gaya"
| [[Bali Brahmbhatt|Bali Bramhabhatt]], Alka Yagnik & Shankar Mahadevan
|-
|8.
|"Judaai Judaai" (Sad)
|Hariharan, Alka Yagnik & Jaspinder Narula
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote that the film was "delightful" because of "its elements of comedy and drama, as a well as a good moral lesson to boot".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=12 April 1997 |title='Judaai' full of comedy and drama |pages=Arts 4 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B81QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LxUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5398%2C4058215 |access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref>

== Awards ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Ceremony !! Category !! Recipient !! Result
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[43rd Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Scene of the Year|Best Scene of the Year]]
|''Judaai''
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Sridevi]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]||[[Urmila Matondkar]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]]||[[Johnny Lever]]
|rowspan="2" {{Nominated}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Sridevi]]
|-
|[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]||[[Urmila Matondkar]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actress]]||[[Sridevi]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Supporting Actress]]||[[Urmila Matondkar]]
|{{Nominated}}
|}

== See also ==

* ''[[Raanee]]'', 2014 Maldivian remake

== References ==
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhalagnam

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0119427}}

[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nadeem–Shravan]]
[[Category:Films shot in the Las Vegas Valley]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1997 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Kanwar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]
[[Category:Films about businesspeople]]
[[Category:Films about marriage]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Films produced by Boney Kapoor]]

Premam (2016 film)

2026-03-03T17:52:28Z

Timesofmillionaire: Started a details w/ infobox...

{{short description|2016 Telugu-language film by Chandoo Mondeti}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Premam
| image = Premam Telugu film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Chandoo Mondeti]]
| producer = Suryadevara Naga Vamsi
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Chandoo Mondeti]] [[Alphonse Puthren]]
| story = Alphonse Puthren
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Premam]]''}} (2015)
| starring = [[Naga Chaitanya]] [[Shruti Haasan]] [[Anupama Parameswaran]] [[Madonna Sebastian]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Rajesh Murugesan]] [[Gopi Sundar]]
| cinematography = [[Karthik Gattamneni]]
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = [[S. Radha Krishna|Sithara Entertainments]]
| distributor = [[Haarika and Hassine Creations|Haarika & Hassine Creations]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|10|7}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| budget = {{INR}}20 [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-box-office-collection-chaitanyas-movie-mints-over-rs-15-crore-3076547/|title=Premam in Telugu was reportedly made on a budget of around Rs 20 crore|website=Indian Express|date=2016-10-15|access-date=2019-12-25|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515215824/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-box-office-collection-chaitanyas-movie-mints-over-rs-15-crore-3076547/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross =
}}
'''''Premam''''' ({{Translation|Love}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Telugu-language|Telugu]]-language [[coming-of-age story|coming-of-age]] [[romantic drama film]] co-written and directed by [[Chandoo Mondeti]] and produced by Suryadevara Naga Vamsi. It is a remake of the 2015 Malayalam film of the [[Premam|same name]]. It featured [[Naga Chaitanya]] and [[Shruti Haasan]], portraying the respective roles played by [[Nivin Pauly]] and [[Sai Pallavi]] in the original, whilst [[Madonna Sebastian]] and [[Anupama Parameswaran]] reprise their roles from the original.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-revealed-all-the-details-about-naga-chaitanya-s-premam-remake-2140750|title=Revealed: All the details about Naga Chaitanya's 'Premam' remake!|work=www.dnaindia.com|access-date=24 February 2016|archive-date=13 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313102533/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-revealed-all-the-details-about-naga-chaitanya-s-premam-remake-2140750|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] and [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] appear in guest roles. The plot shows Vikram and his friends' life from teenage to adulthood.

Principal photography commenced in September 2015, and ended within June 2016. The college portion, which became a crucial part of the original, was shot in [[Andhra University]] in [[Vizag]], whereas two songs were shot at [[Norway]]. The film's cinematography was handled by [[Karthik Ghattamaneni]] and the editing was done by [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]. The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Rajesh Murugesan]] and [[Gopi Sundar]], with former retaining four songs from the original, whereas the latter also composing the score. The film was released on 7 October 2016, coinciding with the [[Vijayadashami|Dasara]] festival weekend and received generally positive response from critics as well as audience. The film was one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the year 2016.

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=July 2024}}
The film opens in the year 2000, where Vikram ([[Naga Chaitanya]]), is shown to be a shy and modest young man who loves Suma ([[Anupama Parameswaran]]) who, unfortunately for Vicky, is loved by all the boys in the area. After a desperate attempt to write a love letter, Vikram is unable to give it to Suma due to her strict militarian father ([[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]]). He later gives the letter to his neighbour, a young girl, who is seen to be continuously hanging around Suma, to give it to her. Suma soon starts getting closer to Vicky, even coming to visit him at his home. However, he is shocked when he learns that she is already in love with another man, and only wanted help from Vicky to be able to communicate with her lover. Despite his friends and family trying to tell him that she is merely using him to achieve what she wanted, Vicky open-heartedly helps Suma whenever she needs help, showing his love for her.

In the second phase of his life, circa 2005, Vicky is a thug student in college, who goes around making trouble with his friends, Vasu ([[Praveen (Actor)|Praveen]]) and Siva ([[Chaitanya Krishna]]). After getting suspended for 2 months after beating their rival group led by Arjun (Noel Sean), they re-enter the college only to start ragging on the very first day. They apprehend a [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-[[Tamil language|Tamil]] lecturer, Sithara ([[Shruti Hassan]]), assuming her to be a student. She lets them go, but later punishes them when she finds out they were consuming alcohol in the class. Vikram begins to fall in love with Sithara. Meanwhile, the P.E. coach ([[Brahmaji]]) fails attempting to help lecturer Kantha Rao (Narra Srinu) to fulfil his love for Sithara. Vikram tricks both of them and slowly begins getting closer to Sithara. Later, he even begins calling her on phone. However, he feels scared when Sanjay ([[Arvind Krishna (actor)|Arvind Krishna]]), Sithara's cousin, shows up, and expresses closeness to her. Realising he is feeling jealous, Sithara tries to get closer to him, eventually reciprocating his feelings. After celebrating ''[[Gudi Padva]]'' together, They both realise that they are in love with each other. After joining their annual day functions for a dance performance, Vicky and his friends are unable to get a good choreographer. Sithara, revealing she is a state level dancer, volunteers to help them, and they win the dance contest. Sithara is soon forced to go on a month leave to her hometown. A month later, however, it is revealed that her bus met with an accident, rendering her [[amnesia]]c, forcing her to leave the college. Vikram leaves to her hometown with his friends, but is heart-broken when she fails to recognise him, even after he shows her a bracelet she made specially for him.

11 years later, 2016, Vicky is one of the top chefs of [[Hyderabad]], unfortunately still single with haunting memories of Sithara. He spends time with the manager of his restaurant, E.K. ([[Srinivasa Reddy]]). One night, he happens to meet Sindhu ([[Madonna Sebastian]]), who later reveals him that she is the young girl to whom he had asked to deliver Suma's letter, revealing she did not deliver but instead read it. Initially taking it as rude, Vikram forgives her and begins to spend time with her, eventually falling in love with her. He befriends Arjun at Arjun's bachelor party, and on the suggestion of his friends, decides to propose to her without further delay. However, she reveals him that she has a previous engagement, forcing Vicky to react violently. After ignoring her for days, he finally gives her a chance to speak, and she reveals the marriage was cancelled after her fiancé, Ravi substance abused her. After attempting to make peace with him over the phone, Ravi swears at Vicky, forcing him and his friends to bash Ravi. Vicky and Sindhu get married. Sithara and her present-husband Sanjay come to meet them after being invited by Vasu on Sindhu's request. After seeing a special [[Shrikhand]] dessert present there, she recalls the same dessert Vicky made her for ''Gudipadava'', resuscitating her memory. However, she realizes he is better off without her, and decides not to reveal anything to him.

In a post-credits scene, it is shown that the reason for Vicky's restaurant's name being ''S-Star'' is that an astrologer had predicted his future wife would have a name starting from ''S''. Vicky recalls his life in the last 16 years, recalling that each of the girls he loved had a name starting from ''S''.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Naga Chaitanya]] as Vikram Vatsalya, Sindhu's husband
* [[Madonna Sebastian]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/madonna-sebastian-officially-signed-on-for-premam-telugu-remake-1205525.html|title=Madonna Sebastian officially signed on for 'Premam' Telugu remake|work=www.ibnlive.com|access-date=24 February 2016|archive-date=27 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227084204/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/madonna-sebastian-officially-signed-on-for-premam-telugu-remake-1205525.html?|url-status=live}}</ref> as Sindhu Vatsalya, Vikram love interest turned wife.
** [[Avantika Vandanapu]] as Young Sindhu
* [[Shruti Haasan]] as Sithara Venkatesan, Vikram's ex-lover, Sanjay wife (Voice dubbed by [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]])
* [[Anupama Parameswaran]] as Suma, Vikram's 1st crush
* [[Arvind Krishna (actor)|Arvind Krishna]] as Sanjay, Sithara's husband
* [[Chaitanya Krishna]] as Siva
* [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as Vasu
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as E. Kanaka Rao / EK
* [[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]] as Suma's father
* [[Noel Sean]] as Arjun
* [[Viva Harsha]] as Vikram's friend
* [[Brahmaji]] as Coach
* Narra Srinu as Kantha Rao
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as College Principal
* Josh Ravi as Vikram's friend
* [[Thagubothu Ramesh]] as Rio Samson
* Eldhose Sunny as Ravi
* Vinay Vijayan
* [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Dance choreographer
* Bunny Abiran
* [[Pujita Ponnada]] as a college student
'''Cameo appearances'''
* [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as Vikram's father
* [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as DCP K. Ramachandra, Vikram's uncle
* [[Easwari Rao]] as Sithara's mother
{{colend}}

==Production==
After the success of the Malayalam film ''[[Premam]]'', PDV Prasad of Sithara Entertainments,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=2020-07-06|title=After Premam and Ayyapanum Koshiyum, Sithara Entertainment acquire rights of Malayalam film Kappela to remake in Telugu : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/premam-ayyapanum-koshiyum-sithara-entertainment-acquire-rights-malayalam-film-kappela-remake-telugu/|access-date=2020-12-23|language=en|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815173008/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/premam-ayyapanum-koshiyum-sithara-entertainment-acquire-rights-malayalam-film-kappela-remake-telugu/|url-status=live}}</ref> bagged the remake rights for the titled under the same name. In June 2015, [[Naga Chaitanya]], was announced to play the lead role in the film, according to a report from ''[[The Indian Express]].''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/naga-chaitanya-in-telugu-remake-of-premam/|title=Naga Chaitanya in Telugu remake of 'Premam'|website=Indian Express|date=2015-08-20|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226144425/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/naga-chaitanya-in-telugu-remake-of-premam/|url-status=live}}</ref> The principal photography for the film commenced in September 2015. Apart from Chaitanya, [[Shruti Haasan]] was announced to portray the role of a lecturer, played by Sai Pallavi in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/shruti-haasan-to-play-lecturer-in-premam-telugu-remake/|title=Shruti Haasan to play lecturer in 'Premam' Telugu remake|website=Indian Express|date=2015-11-14|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515211314/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/shruti-haasan-to-play-lecturer-in-premam-telugu-remake/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2015, [[Anupama Parameswaran]] was hired to reprise her original character from the film,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/premam-telugu-remake-majnu-launch-with-anupama-parameshwaran-naga-chaitanya.html|title=Anupama gears up for 'Premam' remake launch|website=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=2015-11-30|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226145927/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/premam-telugu-remake-majnu-launch-with-anupama-parameshwaran-naga-chaitanya.html|url-status=live}}</ref> alongside [[Madonna Sebastian]], both making their Telugu debut in the film. The college portion, which became a crucial part of the original, was shot in Andhra University in Vizag. Two songs were shot at Norway.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-25|title=Premam team to head to Norway to shoot two songs|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premam-team-head-norway-shoot-two-songs-45437|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=12 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612165940/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premam-team-head-norway-shoot-two-songs-45437|url-status=live}}</ref> Both [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and [[Daggubati Venkatesh]] made cameo appearance in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/premanm-venkatesh-cameo-telugu-remake-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-chandoo-mondeti-15147-2016-06-20|title=Premam: Venkatesh's cameo in Telugu remake not a part of the original film|website=India Today|date=2016-06-20|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227075059/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/premanm-venkatesh-cameo-telugu-remake-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-chandoo-mondeti-15147-2016-06-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-nagarjuna-lends-voice-in-naga-chaitanya-film-3025981/|title=Premam: Nagarjuna lends voice in Naga Chaitanya film|website=Indian Express|date=2016-09-11|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227075250/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-nagarjuna-lends-voice-in-naga-chaitanya-film-3025981/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Premam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Gopi Sundar]] and [[Rajesh Murugesan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 7 September 2016
| recorded = 2016
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:00
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| language = [[Telugu Language|Telugu]]
| producer = [[Gopi Sundar]] [[Rajesh Murugesan]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|BA45757uxMo|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}
''Premam''<nowiki/>'s original soundtrack album features seven songs, with four of them being reused from the [[Premam|original counterpart film]], which were composed by [[Rajesh Murugesan]], and three songs being composed by [[Gopi Sundar]]. The lyrics for the songs were written by [[Sri Mani]], [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], [[Vanamali]], Purna Chary and Krishna Madineni, whilst [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Haricharan]], [[Sachin Warrier]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Naresh Iyer]] and [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] contributed their vocals to the songs. The track "Evare" which was reused from the Malayalam song "Malare" was released as the first single from the album on 17 August 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Naga Chaitanya launches Premam's first single Evare|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Naga-Chaitanya-launches-Premams-first-singleEvare/articleshow/53755062.cms|access-date=2020-12-22|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Naga-Chaitanya-launches-Premams-first-singleEvare/articleshow/53755062.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and received praise from music listeners, without changing the original singer for the song.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This is how social media reacted after 'Premam' Telugu song Evare was out|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/premam-malare-song-telugu-remake-evare-song.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=OnManorama|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107174425/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/premam-malare-song-telugu-remake-evare-song.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An article from ''Firstpost'' slated that the song is a throwback to the Malayalam original.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-18|title=Evare from Naga Chaitanya's Premam is a throwback to Malare from the Malayalam original|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/evare-from-naga-chaitanyas-premam-is-a-throwback-to-malare-from-the-malayalam-original-2963122.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Firstpost|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925041220/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/evare-from-naga-chaitanyas-premam-is-a-throwback-to-malare-from-the-malayalam-original-2963122.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The second song "Bang Bang" was released on 25 August 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Premam's new single to be launched today|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Premams-new-single-to-be-launched-today/articleshow/54168168.cms|access-date=2020-12-22|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212827/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Premams-new-single-to-be-launched-today/articleshow/54168168.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Aditya Music]] unveiled the complete soundtrack album on 7 September 2016, at an audio-release promotional event held at [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Premam to hit screens on Dasara, audio on September 7|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Premam-to-hit-screens-on-Dasara-audio-on-September-20/articleshow/53840344.cms|access-date=2020-12-22|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Premam-to-hit-screens-on-Dasara-audio-on-September-20/articleshow/53840344.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The album received positive response from music critics, as well as listeners and the songs topped the radio charts upon release.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Premam's'music tops radio charts|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Premamsmusic-tops-radio-charts/articleshow/54560070.cms|access-date=2020-12-22|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=5 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905185243/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Premamsmusic-tops-radio-charts/articleshow/54560070.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Neetishta Nyayapati gave three-and-a-half out of five stars, and stated "The album is mature and will come as a breath of fresh air."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Review: Premam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Music-Review-Premam/articleshow/54600395.cms|access-date=2020-12-22|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515211312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Music-Review-Premam/articleshow/54600395.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:00
| title1 = Evare
| extra1 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| lyrics1 = [[Sri Mani]]
| length1 = 5:09
| title2 = Bang Bang
| extra2 = [[Haricharan]]
| lyrics2 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| length2 = 3:44
| title3 = Ennosarlu
| extra3 = [[Sachin Warrier]]
| lyrics3 = [[Vanamali]]
| length3 = 2:57
| title4 = Evadu Evadu
| lyrics4 = [[Sri Mani]]
| extra4 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| length4 = 3:21
| title5 = Agarottula
| lyrics5 = Purna Chary
| extra5 = [[Naresh Iyer]]
| length5 = 3:25
| title6 = Prema Pusene
| lyrics6 = Purna Chary
| extra6 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length6 = 2:43
| title7 = Ninna Leni
| lyrics7 = Krishna Madineni
| extra7 = Karthik
| length7 = 2:21
| music1 = [[Rajesh Murugesan]]
| music6 = Rajesh Murugesan
| music5 = Rajesh Murugesan
| music4 = Gopi Sundar
| music3 = Gopi Sundar
| music2 = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| title9 =
| length10 =
| title10 =
| length9 =
| length8 =
| title8 =
| all_writing =
| music7 = Rajesh Murugesan
}}

==Release==
The first look of the film was released on 24 February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-24|title=Malayalam hit 'Premam' in Telugu, first look revealed|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malayalam-hit-%E2%80%98premam%E2%80%99-telugu-first-look-revealed-39237|access-date=2019-12-26|website=The News Minute|archive-date=29 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529203640/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malayalam-hit-%E2%80%98premam%E2%80%99-telugu-first-look-revealed-39237|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 June 2016, the makers of ''[[Premam]]'' announced the release of the film scheduling on the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] weekend, which falls on 12 August 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-03|title=Premam's Telugu remake all set to release on August 12|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premams-telugu-remake-all-set-release-august-12-44279|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141505/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premams-telugu-remake-all-set-release-august-12-44279|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasans-premam-release-date-locked-12189-2016-06-03|title=Naga Chaitanya, Shruti Haasan's Premam release date locked|website=India Today|date=2016-06-03|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226145514/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasans-premam-release-date-locked-12189-2016-06-03|url-status=live}}</ref> The team also planned to launch the teaser on 11 June 2016, but no official confirmation was announced.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-07|title=Premam's teaser to be launched on June 11|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premams-teaser-be-launched-june-11-44471|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=12 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612180233/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premams-teaser-be-launched-june-11-44471|url-status=live}}</ref> Reports stated that the film, will be postponed to 25 August, to avoid clash with ''[[Janatha Garage]]'' (2016),<ref name=":0" /> On July, the makers announced that the film will be postponed to September, due to delay in production.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-05|title=Telugu remake of Premam likely to be postponed to September|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telegu-remake-premam-likely-be-postponed-september-45953|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113193113/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telegu-remake-premam-likely-be-postponed-september-45953|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-18|title=Telugu remake of Premam starring Naga Chaitanya to release in September?|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telugu-remake-premam-starring-naga-chaitanya-release-september-46692|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307235037/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telugu-remake-premam-starring-naga-chaitanya-release-september-46692|url-status=live}}</ref> It was later announced that the film's release date was finalised as 7 October 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/premam-release-postponed-to-october-116082300214_1.html|title='Premam' release postponed to October|website=Business Standard|date=2016-08-23|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226145144/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/premam-release-postponed-to-october-116082300214_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Originally, ''[[Premam]]'' was set to clash with [[Ram Charan]]-starrer ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'' (2016), on the same date. However, the delay in the release of the latter,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-01|title=Ram Charan's Dhruva release to be postponed?|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ram-charans-dhruva-release-be-postponed-50691|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505232235/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ram-charans-dhruva-release-be-postponed-50691|url-status=live}}</ref> made way for the team to have a solo-release.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-01|title=From Premam to Abhinetri: Five Telugu movies to release in October|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/from-premam-to-abhinetri-dhruva-tamannaah-naga-chaitanya-five-telugu-movies-to-release-on-october-7-tollywood-3056386/|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613214612/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/from-premam-to-abhinetri-dhruva-tamannaah-naga-chaitanya-five-telugu-movies-to-release-on-october-7-tollywood-3056386/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was awarded with 'U/A' Certificate by [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-gets-censor-board-nod-to-release-on-october-7-with-ua-certificate-3060968/|title=Premam gets censor board nod, to release on October 7 with U/A certificate|website=Indian Express|date=2016-10-03|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226145146/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-gets-censor-board-nod-to-release-on-october-7-with-ua-certificate-3060968/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Marketing ===
Though ''Premam'' being one of the most anticipated films of the year, the film was subjected to trolls and criticisms, by fans of the [[Premam|original Malayalam counterpart]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Venkateswaran|first=Vikram|date=2016-08-30|title=Shruti Haasan's Trolls and Why We Don't Need Remakes|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/shruti-hassan-trolled-for-premam-telugu-are-we-too-old-for-remakes|access-date=2020-12-23|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620125034/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/shruti-hassan-trolled-for-premam-telugu-are-we-too-old-for-remakes|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 August 2016, the promo of the first single "Evare" (a remake of the Malayalam original song "Malare"), featuring Haasan and Chaitanya was released, and was criticised for not recreating the magic of the original song, featuring [[Sai Pallavi]] and [[Nivin Pauly]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-29|title=Not much love for Telugu version of Premam, memes galore|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/not-much-love-telugu-version-premam-memes-galore-49045|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108204456/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/not-much-love-telugu-version-premam-memes-galore-49045|url-status=live}}</ref> Fans trolled Shruti and Chaitanya at the film's pre-release event held on 20 September 2016, in [[Hyderabad]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shruti Hassan and Chaitanya becomes the new troll magnet|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/naga-chaithanya-new-troll-prey-after-premam-trailer-release.html|access-date=2020-12-23|website=OnManorama|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614095935/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/naga-chaithanya-new-troll-prey-after-premam-trailer-release.html|url-status=live}}</ref> with many tagging her and also his performances as "overacting" and claimed that she and he failed to perfectly reprise Pallavi and Nivin's role from the original. Also, Shruti's performance was mainly criticized as overacting, unrealistic and she even didn't reprise as Malar. Despite trolls and criticisms, the theatrical trailer which released through the video-sharing platform, [[YouTube]] on 21 September, crossed 2 million views within release.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-21|title=Premam trailer: Naga Chaitanya surprises fans, critics with his performance|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-movie-trailer-naga-chaitanya-surprises-fans-critics-with-his-performance-3042421/|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613215112/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-movie-trailer-naga-chaitanya-surprises-fans-critics-with-his-performance-3042421/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Despite cameos by Venkatesh and Nagarjuna, this Naga Chaitanya and Shruti Haasan film fails to match up to Premam's Malayalam version".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-07|title=Premam Movie Review|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/premam-movie-review-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-star-rating-3070747/|access-date=2019-12-26|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225160446/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/premam-movie-review-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-star-rating-3070747/|url-status=live}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating Remaking a classic like Premam is risky business. ''Chandoo Mondeti'' has adapted it in a way to appeal to the typical Telugu film lovers. ''Chaitanya'' charm us along with ''Anupama'' and 'Madonna''".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-07|title=Premam Movie Review|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/premam-movie-review-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-star-rating-3070747/|access-date=2019-12-26|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225160446/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/premam-movie-review-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-star-rating-3070747/|url-status=live}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>''

Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' gave the film 3.25/5 and said "Plus points of the film are casting (especially Naga Chaitanya), beautiful moments and realistic approach by director. On the flipside, there are a few dull moments in second half due to a few forced comedy elements (Sathya teaching dancing etc). On a whole, ''Premam'' is a film of moments that explores love in its purest/idealistic perspective. You may watch it!".<ref name="idle">{{cite web|title=Premam (Telugu) jeevi review|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/premam.html|accessdate=3 December 2016|website=idlebrain.com|archive-date=19 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119144122/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/premam.html|url-status=live}}{{rating|3.5|5|score=3.25/5 stars}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and then summarised "Premam is all for some genuine fun and perhaps, a few nostalgic moments as well. It’s a lengthy ride for sure, but it will leave you wanting for more."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Premam|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/premam-review-malayalam-pf4ivnefdgjcg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530102907/http://www.sify.com/movies/premam-review-malayalam-pf4ivnefdgjcg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2015|access-date=2020-12-23|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref>

''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars stating "Watch this film for ''Naga Chaitanya'' and for director ''Chandoo'' whose honest approach towards making this film has made it unique".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-11|title=Premam Movie Review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/premam/movie-review/54735741.cms|access-date=2019-12-26|website=Times of India|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719130501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/premam/movie-review/54735741.cms|url-status=live}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>
Comparing to the original [[Premam]] film makes you disappointed.

=== Box office ===
''Premam'' collected {{INR}}15 Crores gross<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-box-office-collection-chaitanyas-movie-mints-over-rs-15-crore-3076547/|title=Premam box office collection: Chaitanya's movie mints over Rs 15 crore|website=Indian Express|date=2016-10-15|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515215824/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/premam-box-office-collection-chaitanyas-movie-mints-over-rs-15-crore-3076547/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In international market movie collected 834k USD in lifetime as per [[Box Office Mojo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1493272065/?ref_=bo_rl_tab#tabs|title=Premam|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515211313/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1493272065/?ref_=bo_rl_tab#tabs|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="3"|28 & 29 March 2017
| rowspan="3"|[[2nd IIFA Utsavam]]
| Supporting Role – Female
| [[Anupama Parameswaran]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="3"|
|-
| Best Lyricist
| [[Sri Mani]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Male
| [[Haricharan]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 9 April 2017
| [[T. Subbarami Reddy|TSR]] – [[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9]] National Film Awards
| Special Appreciation Hero Award
| rowspan="2"|[[Naga Chaitanya]]
| {{won}}
|
|-
| 17 June 2017
| [[64th Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
| {{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|30 June and 1 July 2017
| rowspan="2"|[[6th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actress (Telugu)|Best Supporting Actress (Telugu)]]
|[[Anupama Parameswaran]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/siima-awards-2017-nominations-announced-news-malayalam-rgbjE9ecgbbif.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703235835/http://www.sify.com/movies/siima-awards-2017-nominations-announced-news-malayalam-rgbjE9ecgbbif.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 July 2017|title=SIIMA awards 2017 nominations announced|website=[[Sify]]|date=2017-06-01|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer (Telugu)|Best Male Playback Singer (Telugu)]]
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 12 August 2017
| [[15th Santosham Film Awards]]
| [[Santosham Best Actor Award|Best Actor]]
|[[Naga Chaitanya]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telugucinemas.in/2017/08/santosham-south-india-film-awards-2017.html|title=Santosham South India Film Awards-2017|website=TeluguCinemas.in|date=13 August 2017 |access-date=2019-12-25|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225143253/http://www.telugucinemas.in/2017/08/santosham-south-india-film-awards-2017.html|url-status=live}}([[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|5712058}}
{{Chandoo Mondeti}}

[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2016 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gopi Sundar]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films about educators]]
[[Category:2010s coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chandoo Mondeti]]

Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story

2026-03-03T12:05:41Z

Timesofmillionaire: minor edit

{{For|the 1957 movie|Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957 film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story
| image = Tumsa_Nahin_Dekha_poster.jpg
| director = [[Anurag Basu]]
| alt = The DVD Cover features 'head-to-chest' view of lead actors Dia Mirza and Imraan Hashmi on left and right, respectively. Both of them are looking each-other in the eyes. The title is written at bottom-right corner.
| caption = DVD cover
| producer = [[Mukesh Bhatt]]
| writer = Subodh Chopra
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = ''[[Arthur (1981 film)|Arthur]]''
| starring = {{ubl|[[Emraan Hashmi]]|[[Dia Mirza|Diya Mirza]]|[[Anupam Kher]]}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
| cinematography = Sanjay K. Memane
| editing = [[Akiv Ali]]
| country = India
| runtime = 126 minutes
| studio = [[Vishesh Films]]
| distributor = [[Saregama|Saregama Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2004|9|24}}
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}7 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=481|title=Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story – Movie|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}5.03 crore<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story''''' (transl. I haven't seen anyone like you) is a 2004 Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi]]-language [[musical-romance film]] directed by [[Anurag Basu]] and produced by [[Mukesh Bhatt]]. The film stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Dia Mirza]] in lead roles with [[Sharat Saxena]], [[Surekha Sikri]], [[Uday Tikekar]], [[Atul Parchure]] and [[Anupam Kher]] in supporting roles. It was released on 24 September 2004. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics and was a commercial failure.

== Synopsis ==

The film starts with Daksh Mittal, a charming and continually drunk billionaire. One day, he runs into a girl, Jiya, on the street and falls in [[love at first sight]]. Jiya works as a dancer and has a mentally disabled brother. Daksh and Jiya spend some time with each other and fall in love. Daksh, however, is supposed to marry Anahita Madhwan in order to inherit a million-dollar trust.

For help, Daksh turns to his butler, John Uncle. John Uncle wants Daksh to end up marrying Jiya. However, John becomes very ill and gets admitted to a hospital. The engagement party for Daksh and Anahita is taking place, and John Uncle manages to convince Jiya to go to the party.

Daksh and Jiya dance, and meanwhile, John Uncle is dying at the hospital. Daksh decides to honour John Uncle's memory and goes to propose to Jiya; she accepts, and after a final clash with the family, Daksh is allowed to marry her, and they live happily ever after.

== Cast ==

* [[Emraan Hashmi]] as Daksh Mittal
* [[Dia Mirza]] as Jiya Khan
* [[Anupam Kher]] as John D'Costa
* Pooja Bharti as Anahita Madhvani, Daksh's ex-fiancee
* [[Sharat Saxena]] as Devendra Madhvani
* [[Uday Tikekar]] as Mr. Mittal, Daksh's father
* [[Surekha Sikri]] as Mrs. Mittal, Daksh's grandmother
* [[Atul Parchure]] as Nikki Khan, Jiya's mentally challenged brother
* Surabhi Vanzara as Reshma, Jiya's friend
* [[Avtar Gill|Avtaar Gill]] as Bar owner

==Soundtrack==
The music of this movie was given by [[Nadeem-Shravan]]. The album features 9 songs with 8 original tracks and one other version of ''Bheed Mein''. The song ''Yeh Dhuan Dhuan'' features [[Richard Clayderman]] with the lead vocalist [[Roop Kumar Rathod|Roopkumar Rathod]]. The response for album was excellent at music platforms in India.<ref name=":0"/> Singers like [[Udit Narayan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Roop Kumar Rathod]], [[Sonu Nigam]] and [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] have lent their voices in this album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/tumsa-nahin-dekha-a-love-story-original-motion/1338739886|title=Tumsa Nahin Dekha - A Love Story (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|date=2004|work=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 49:19
| all_lyrics = [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| all_music = [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
| title1 = Bheed Mein
| extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]] and [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 5:59
| title2 = Mujhe Tumse Mohabbat Hai
| note2 = remix
| extra2 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length2 = 6:03
| title3 = Mujhe Tumse Mohabbat Hai
| extra3 = Shaan, Shreya Ghoshal
| length3 = 5:51
| title4 = Yeh Dhuan Dhuan
| extra4 = [[Roop Kumar Rathod]] and [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length4 = 5:45
| title5 = Tanhaiyan
| extra5 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| length5 = 5:18
| title6 = Woh Humse Khafa Hain
| extra6 = Udit Narayan and Shreya Ghoshal
| length6 = 5:13
| title7 = Dhanak Ka Rang
| extra7 = Shreya Ghoshal
| length7 = 4:51
| title8 = Maine Soch Liya
| extra8 = Udit Narayan and Shreya Ghoshal
| length8 = 4:18
| title9 = Bheed Mein
| note9 = version 2
| extra9 = Udit Narayan and Shreya Ghoshal
| length9 = 6:01
}}

== Reception ==
[[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' wrote. "On the whole, TUMSA NAHIN DEKHA has excellent music as its trumpcard, but it falters in that one department that is the lifeline of every film - script".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tumsa-nahin-dekha/critic-review/tumsa-nahin-dekha-movie-review/|title=Tumsa Nahin Dekha Movie Review|date=24 September 2004|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|first=Taran|last=Adarsh|author-link=Taran Adarsh}}</ref> In a retrospective review in 2020, Rishita Roy Chowdhary of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote that "Tumsa Nahin Dekha is not an unusual film. But we believe it makes a bold move, if not take a giant leap in terms of modern storytelling".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/throwback-thursday-16-years-of-tumsa-nahin-dekha-beyond-serial-kisser-and-sex-sells-tags-1724906-2020-09-24|title=Throwback Thursday: 16 years of Tumsa Nahin Dekha, beyond serial-kisser and sex-sells tags|work=[[India Today]]|first=Rishita Roy|last=Chowdhury|date=24 September 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=430702|title=Tumsa Nahin Dekha}}

{{Anurag Basu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tumsa Nahin Dekha - A Love Story}}
[[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nadeem–Shravan]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

Phantom Rock

2026-03-03T11:39:11Z

Timesofmillionaire: expanded content

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Phantom Rock
| native_name = Phantom Para
| native_name_lang =
| alternate_name = Cheengeri Mala
| image = Phantom Rock4.jpg
| image_size = 220
| alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_type = Kerala
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_size = 220
| altitude_m = 
| altitude_ref =
| relief = 11.6366338
| coordinates = {{coord|11|38|11.8824|N|76|12|16.5882|E|type:mountain_region:IN_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| gbgridref =
| map_dot_label =
| location = [[Ambalavayal]]
| region =
| type =
| part_of =
| length =
| width =
| area =
| volume =
| diameter =
| circumference =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built =
| abandoned =
| epochs = 
| cultures =
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
| event =
| discovered =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition =
| ownership =
| management =
| public_access =
| other_designation =
| website =
| architectural_styles =
| architectural_details =
| notes =
}}

'''Phantom Rock''' is a tourist destination in [[Ambalavayal]] in the district of [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]] in Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |title=Phantom Rock |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/wayanad/phantom-rock/ps47096982.cms |work=Times of India Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/kerala/phantom-rock-wayanad.html |title=Phantom Rock Kerala |website=Tourmyindia}}</ref> It is a natural metamorphic rock formation resembling a human skull, and thus is known as Phantom Rock.<ref>{{cite web |title=PHANTOM ROCK |url=http://wayanadtourism.org/explores/phantom-rock |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106083033/http://wayanadtourism.org/explores/phantom-rock |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 November 2016 |website=wayanadtourism.org}}</ref>
{{Keralahistory}}
This structure is situated 17 km from [[Kalpetta]] and can be reached by trekking. It stands at a height of 2600 feet above sea level. It is near "Cheengeri Mala". [[Edakkal Caves]] is also nearby.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phantom Rock, Kalpetta, Wayanad, District, Kerala, India {{!}} Kerala Tourism |url=http://www.keralatourism.org/wayanad/phantom-rock-kalpetta.php |website=www.keralatourism.org |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125081032/https://www.keralatourism.org/wayanad/phantom-rock-kalpetta.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Threats ==
Unscientific and unregulated granite mining is posing a serious threat to the fragile natural rock structure.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Granite-quarries-posing-threat-to-Phantom-Rock/article16888591.ece|title=Granite quarries posing threat to Phantom Rock|author=Staff Reporter|date=2009-10-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-03-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drkrishi.com/stone-quarry-at-phantom-rock/|title=Stone Quarry at Phantom Rock – Krishna Mohan Photography|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref>
[[File:Phantom_Rock_Aerial_shot_2.jpg|alt=|thumb|Phantom Rock Aerial with nearby granite quarry]]

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed-hover" widths="100" heights="130">
File:Phantom Rock8.jpg
File:Phantom rock, Wayanad Hill Station - panoramio.jpg
File:Phantom Rock-view from phantom rock2.jpg
File:Phantom Rock-view from phantom rock3.jpg
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala topics}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}
{{Wayanad}}

[[Category:Geography of Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]

{{Wayanad-geo-stub}}

Foiwe

2026-03-01T23:09:00Z

Timesofmillionaire: Data

{{Short description|Indian multinational information technology company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Foiwe Info Global Solutions
| logo = Foiwe-logo-black.png
| type = [[Private limited]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2010|07|07}}
| founder = {{ubl|Pranballav Howlader|Suman Howlader}}
| hq_location_city = [[Bangalore]]
| hq_location_country = India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|Suman Howlader|Pranballav Howlader|Sourav Howlader (Directors & Founders)}}
| industry = [[IT service management|IT services]], [[Information technology consulting|IT consulting]]
| services = [[Software]] services
[[Business Consulting]]
[[Outsourcing]] Services
[[Moderation|Content Moderation]]
| num_employees = 1032
| num_employees_year = 2020
| divisions = {{ubl|Foiwe Technology Services|Foiwe Business Services|Enterprise Content Moderation}}
| subsid = {{ubl|Howlader Ventures Pvt Ltd|Proflakes Smart Solutions Pvt Ltd}}
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.foiwe.com/}}
}}

'''Foiwe Info Global Solutions Pvt Ltd''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[information technology]] company that provides Content Moderation, Trsut and Safety, business consulting, [[information technology]] and [[Outsourcing|outsourcing services]]. The company is founded in [[Bangalore]] and also headquartered in [[Bangalore]], India with operations in two countries. The company began in 2010 as a Limited Liability Partnership company and was converted to a Private Limited company in 2019. The company is registered with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India.

== History ==

=== Formation ===
Foiwe originated as the business and an IT product development company in Indian and global market. With the expansion of social media and online dating, the firm also entered into the Enterprise [[Moderation (Internet)|content moderation]] and IT Services.

Later the company expanded its interests into [[Server (computing)|server monitoring]] services, [[Software development|application development]], and added many small and large organizations to its client list. The small and medium enterprises market segment became the major contributor towards total revenue.
The company in 2015 and 2016, brought two outsourcing companies.
The group today employs around 1000 employees in different locations.<ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Gurvinder |date=2018-08-17 |title=I rented the storage room because nobody was willing to take it |url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Success/2752/meagre-to-merrier.html |access-date=2018-08-17 |publisher=Theweekendleader.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Anesha |date=2017-06-09 |title=Clean-up crews: Meet the guys who scrub the web of nudity, violence, porn |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/clean-up-crews-meet-the-guys-who-scrub-the-web-of-nudity-violence-porn-story-QMxyYJy91gTwEMtPDXRA0L.html |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=HT Tech |language=en}}</ref>

== Operations ==
'''Employees'''

Foiwe had a total of 1032 employees as of 2020, out of which 42% were women. Out of its total workforce, 10% are software professionals, 60% are enterprise content management professionals and remaining 30% for support and sales. In 2020, 83% of its employees were based in India. These numbers do not include its subsidiaries. As a part of the graduate hiring program 2020, Foiwe has empaneled 11 colleges across Karnataka and West Bengal for fresher recruitment drive.

Foiwe has multiple offices in India. The headquarters being in [[Bangalore]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch Workers Learn How to Filter Obscene and Violent Photos From Dating Sites |url=https://www.wired.com/2017/04/watch-people-learn-filter-awfulness-dating-sites/ |access-date=2018-02-09 |publisher=WIRED}}</ref> Foiwe has delivery centers in [[Kolkata]], [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Kazan]].<ref>[https://www.gqindia.com/content/indias-secret-internet-censors-gq-india "India's Secret Internet Censors"]. ''[[GQ India]]''. [https://www.empat.tech/blog/android-app-development EMTEch]. 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2025-11-03.</ref>

'''Products and Services'''

Foiwe organizes its services into five main areas: Enterprise Content Moderation, Technology, Contact Center Operations, Digital Transformation, and Business Process Outsourcing.

Foiwe achieved 100% work from home (WFH) goal within the first week of Government Announced Lockdown during Covid Pandemic in 2020.

== Principal subsidiaries ==
* Proflakes Smart Solutions Pvt Ltd. is the subsidiary of Foiwe with its head office in [[Kolkata]].
* Howlader Ventures Pvt Ltd, founded in 2013, is the technology subsidiary of Foiwe with its head office in [[Bangalore]].
* CarZippi - A doorstep automotive service provider in India.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.foiwe.com/}}
* {{cite web | title=Guardians of the Internet | website=The Telegraph | date=December 7, 2014 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141207/jsp/7days/story_2412.jsp | archive-url=https://archive.today/20141209085000/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141207/jsp/7days/story_2412.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 9, 2014 | ref={{sfnref | The Telegraph | 2014}} | access-date=February 9, 2018}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180802154422/https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/content-moderators-win-from-data-policies/65237595 Indian content moderators' win from data policies in India & Europe]
* [https://www.mid-day.com/articles/meet-the-internets-new-cops/19484164 Meet The Internet's New Cops]

[[Category:Outsourcing companies]]
[[Category:Consulting firms established in 2010]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) development software]]
[[Category:Business process outsourcing companies]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in West Bengal]]

Kola Bhaskar

2026-02-28T01:32:42Z

Timesofmillionaire: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian film editor (died 2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kola Bhaskar
| image =
| death_date = 4 November 2020
| birth_place = [[Chittoor]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| occupation = [[Film editing|Film editor]]
| children = 1
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kola Bhaskar''' (died 4 November 2020) was an Indian [[Film editing|film editor]] who worked in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. He was known for his collaborations with filmmaker [[Selvaraghavan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushik |date=11 July 2015 |title=''MY FRIENDSHIP WITH SELVARAGHAVAN IS AS STRONG AS EVER'' |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/editor-kola-bhaskar-clarifies-about-rumors-regarding-his-friendship-with-director-selvaraghavan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212112614/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/editor-kola-bhaskar-clarifies-about-rumors-regarding-his-friendship-with-director-selvaraghavan.html |archive-date=12 December 2024 |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2020 |title=Popular Film Editor Kola Bhaskar breathes his last in Hyderabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/popular-film-editor-kola-bhaskar-breathes-his-last-in-hyderabad/articleshow/79035749.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251103060241/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/popular-film-editor-kola-bhaskar-breathes-his-last-in-hyderabad/articleshow/79035749.cms |archive-date=3 November 2025 |access-date=3 November 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2015 |title=I have no issues with Selva: Kola |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-have-no-issues-with-selva-kola/articleshow/48041567.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251103060656/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-have-no-issues-with-selva-kola/articleshow/48041567.cms |archive-date=2025-11-03 |access-date=2025-11-03 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Kola Bhaskar's son Balakrishna Kola made his acting debut with ''[[Maalai Naerathu Mayakkam]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=First look out of 'Maalai Nerathu Mayakkam' is out |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/first-look-out-of-maalai-nerathu-mayakkam-is-out-news-tamil-pentfDbjiegfa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414023148/http://www.sify.com/movies/first-look-out-of-maalai-nerathu-mayakkam-is-out-news-tamil-pentfDbjiegfa.html |archive-date=14 April 2015 |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==Death==
Kola Bhaskar died on November 4, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-04 |title=Film editor Kola Bhaskar passes away |url=https://newstodaynet.com/2020/11/04/film-editor-kola-bhaskar-passes-away/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926001536/https://newstodaynet.com/2020/11/04/film-editor-kola-bhaskar-passes-away/ |archive-date=26 September 2022 |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=[[News Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 November 2020 |title=‘போக்கிரி’, ‘ஆயிரத்தில் ஒருவன்’ படங்களில் எடிட்டராகப் பணியாற்றிய கோலா பாஸ்கர் மறைவு |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/598210-editor-kola-bhaskar-passed-away.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104070343/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/598210-editor-kola-bhaskar-passed-away.html |archive-date=2020-11-04 |access-date=2025-11-03 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Tamil films===

{{colbegin}}
* ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Oru Kalluriyin Kathai]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Pudhupettai]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Kedi (2006 film)|Kedi]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Pokkiri]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Ninaithu Ninaithu Parthen]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Villu (film)|Villu]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (2010 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Kutty (2010 film)|Kutty]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Maathi Yosi]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Sattapadi Kutram]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Mayakkam Enna]]'' (2011)
* ''[[3 (2012 Indian film)|3]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Irandam Ulagam]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Thilagar]]'' (2015)
{{Colend}}

====As producer====
* ''[[Maalai Nerathu Mayakkam]]'' (2016)

===Telugu films ===
{{colbegin}}
* ''[[Sankalpam]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Sneham Kosam]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Nee Kosam]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Eduruleni Manishi (2001 film)|Eduruleni Manishi]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Kushi (2001 film)|Kushi]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Bava Nachadu]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Tholi Valapu]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Muthyam]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Aaduthu Paaduthu]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Friends (2002 film)|Friends]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Manasutho]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]'' (2002)
* ''[[7G Rainbow Colony|7G Brindavan Colony]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Jagapati]]'' (2005)
*''[[Pagale Vennela]]'' (2007)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-pagalevennela.html|title=Pagale Vennela press meet - Telugu Cinema - CV Reddy|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule]]'' (2007)
{{Colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1626825}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaskar, Kola}}
[[Category:Telugu film editors]]
[[Category:Tamil film editors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Film editors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Chittoor district]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Dipendu Biswas

2026-02-22T14:19:50Z

Timesofmillionaire:

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1981)|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Dipendu Biswas
| image = Dipendu Biswas - Kolkata 2015-01-02 2136.JPG
| caption = Biswas in 2015
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1981|9|29}}
| birth_place = [[Basirhat]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image =
|office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start = 2016
|term_end = 2021
|predecessor = [[Samik Bhattacharya]]
|successor =
| constituency = [[Basirhat Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Basirhat Dakshin]]
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]] {{small|(2014–2021, 2026–present)}}
| otherparty = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(2021)}}
}}

'''Dipendu Biswas''' (29 September 1981) is an Indian retired professional [[footballer]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianfootball.de/news/m200108.html|title=NEWS FOR THE MONTH OF August 2001 – The All India Football Federation released a list with probables for the upcoming Afro – Asian Games and the SAF Games.|website=www.indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=30 August 2001|access-date=13 November 2021|archive-date=7 November 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021107210426/http://indianfootball.de/news/m200108.html|url-status=dead|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewall.in/news/mamata-banerjee-mohammedan-club-tent/|title=মহামেডানের গ্যালারি গড়তে ৬০ লাখ টাকা দিলাম, পরের বছর আইএসএলে দেখতে চাই: মমতা বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|language=bn|location=Kolkata|website=thewall.in|publisher=The Wall Bureau|date=16 August 2023|access-date=19 August 2023|trans-title=Gave 60 lakh rupees to build Mohammedan gallery, want to see the club in ISL next year: Mamata Banerjee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820055213/https://www.thewall.in/news/mamata-banerjee-mohammedan-club-tent/|archive-date=20 August 2023}}</ref>.

==Playing career==
Biswas's father is from Bengal and mother is from [[Kerala]], Thalasseri, [[Kannur]] district. He graduated from the [[Tata Football Academy]] in 1996.<ref name="TOI"/> He rejoined Mohun Bagan in 2012.<ref name="TOI"/>

His earnings in 1998–99 were reported to be Rs1.2 million and in 1999–2000 were Rs0.8 million.<ref name="Dimeo2001"/> In 2011, he was one of a handful of players who were sold land by the government at subsidised prices because they had "made the state proud at national and international levels."<ref name="Plot"/>

==Political career==
In 2014, he ran for election from [[Basirhat]] in West Bengal under the [[Trinamool Congress]] party, and was defeated by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s candidate [[Samik Bhattacharya]]. In the 2016 state assembly elections, he defeated Bhattacharya by more than 20,000 votes. He joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) on 8 March 2021 after not being considered by Trinamool to contest the legislative elections.<ref name="ScrollWest"/> However, he was not made a candidate even by the BJP, and though he was inducted into the West Bengal State Committee, he left the party within a couple of months.<ref name="PratidinDipendu"/>

==Honours==
'''East Bengal'''
*[[IFA Shield]]: 2000

'''Bengal'''
*[[Santosh Trophy]]: [[1996–97 Santosh Trophy|1996–97]], [[1998–99 Santosh Trophy|1998–99]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengal lift record sixth crown |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99apr05/sports.htm#11 |website=tribuneindia.com |publisher=The Tribune India |agency=Press Trust of India |date=5 April 1999 |access-date=26 January 2022 |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428084646/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99apr05/sports.htm#11 }}</ref>

==Achievements==
* Represented Mohun Bagan AC as a forward from 2005 to 2007 and rejoined the club in 2012
* Played for East Bengal FC as a forward between 2007 and 2008
* In July 2020, Biswas became the football secretary of Mohammedan Sporting Club. In the 129-year history of the club, he is the first footballer who has been appointed a football secretary.

==References==
<references>

<ref name="Dimeo2001">{{cite book|author=Paul Dimeo|title=Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2RFRH0zSZ4C&pg=PA30|access-date=14 September 2012|date=1 September 2001|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2|page=30}}</ref>

<ref name="Plot">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-14/others/28354359_1_plot-gift-land-siliguri|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103172542/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-14/others/28354359_1_plot-gift-land-siliguri|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|title=Plots allotted to Poulami, Rahul|date=14 January 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 September 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="ScrollWest">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/988961/west-bengal-polls-five-trinamool-congress-mlas-another-leader-join-bjp|title=West Bengal polls: Five Trinamool Congress MLAs, another leader join BJP|website=scroll.in|author=Scroll Staff|access-date=12 March 2021|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308164813/https://scroll.in/latest/988961/west-bengal-polls-five-trinamool-congress-mlas-another-leader-join-bjp|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="PratidinDipendu">{{cite web|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/kolkata/dipendu-biswas-resigns-from-bjp-on-tuesday/pid/555521|title=Dipendu Biswas resigns from BJP on Tuesday|date=18 May 2021|work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-15/top-stories/32684845_1_dipendu-biswas-mohun-bagan-okolie-odafa|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103124641/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-15/top-stories/32684845_1_dipendu-biswas-mohun-bagan-okolie-odafa|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|title=Dipendu happy to be back with Mohun Bagan|date=15 July 2012|author=Abhishek Ganguly|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 September 2012}}</ref>

</references>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Biswas, Dipendu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:People from Basirhat]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Indian sportsperson-politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Suchitra Hansda

2026-02-22T01:28:37Z

Timesofmillionaire:

{{Short description|Santali author and writer (born 1983)}}
{{Notability|Bio|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Suchitra Hansda
| native_name =
| birth_date = 1983
| birth_place = Jamda, Hooghly district, West Bengal, India
| occupation = Writer, poet
| language = Santali
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College, Medinipur
| notable_works = ''Bera Ahla'' (Poetry)
| years_active = 2010s–present
| genre = Poetry, literature
| awards = Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar (2015)
}}
'''Suchitra Hansda''' (born 1983) is a [[Santal people|Santali]] female author and writer. She hails from Jamda village in the [[Hooghly district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. She is known for works of Santali literature.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2015-06-25 |title=सुचित्रा हांसदा को युवा साहित्य पुरस्कार - फोट ो डीएस 4 असंपादित - Prabhat Khabar |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/jamshedpur/490176 |access-date=2024-03-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2025}}

== Personal life==
Hansda completed her Schooling from Panpur Shoshi Bhusan High School [[Howrah]] and Graduated from the [[Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College]], [[Medinipur]] .{{cn|date=October 2025}} She got married in the year 2008.<ref name=":0" />

==Awards and recognition ==
Suchitra Hansda has Received the Sahitya Akademy New Delhi Yuva Puraskar for the year 2015 for her book Bera Ahla (Poetry).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp | title=..:: SAHITYA Akademi - Yuva Puraskar :: }}</ref>

==Books and publication==
Suchitra Hansda has published the following Santali poetry books.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ayoarang.in/ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱟᱲᱟᱝ | title=ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ – ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ }}</ref>
#Bera Ahla
#Dobe Baha
#Dhilwang
#Juwan Dare
#Khada
#Banadal

==See also==
*[[List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Santali]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hansda, Suchitra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]]
[[Category:Santali people]]
[[Category:Santali writers]]

Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya Sanmouda

2026-02-22T01:06:14Z

Timesofmillionaire: Started first info initial version...

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=October 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2018}}
}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya, Sanmouda
Rairangpur
| image =
| native_name = ଓଡିଶା ଆଦର୍ଶ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ,ସାନମୌଦା
| coordinates = {{coord|22.331937|86.262625|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| seal_image = oavsan1.jpg
| logo = oavsan1.png
| region = Gorumahisani
| city = Rairangpur
| state = Odisha
| postal_code = 757042
| country = [[India]]
| schooltype = ([[State Government]])
| authority = Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya Sangathan, Department of School and Mass education (Odisha)
| sister_school = All [[Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya]]s across [[Odisha]]
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]](CBSE)
| chairman = Collector Cum DM Mayurbhanj
| language = [[English language|English]], and [[Odia language|Odia]]
| campuses = 1
| campus = [[Rural area]]
| area = 5.09 Acre
| campus_type = [[Co-educational]]
| classrooms = 14
| free_label = Highest grade
| free_text =
| free_label2 = Affiliation No
| free_text2 = 1520048
| free_label1 = Acronym
| free_text1 = OAV Sanmouda
| motto = Inspire and Empower
| motto_translation = "ଅନୁପ୍ରେରଣ ଏବଂ ସଶକ୍ତିକରଣ"
| established = 2016
| founder = [[Government of Odisha]]
| type = Public
| affiliation = [[Central Board for Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| principal = Mr. Pratap Chandra Behera
| staff = 16
| grades = 6th - 11th
| enrollment = 438
| location = [[Gorumahisani]], [[Rairangpur]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.oavs.in}}
}}

'''Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya Sanmouda,''' known as OAV Sanmouda, is an [[Odisha]] government school under the School and Mass education department. The school is located near the iron mining area of [[Gorumahisani]] in Rairangpur Block.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oavs.in/english-contact|title=Principal of School|publisher=OAV|accessdate=2017-07-14}}</ref> The school is affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education ([[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]).

==History==
Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya Sangathan was established on September 19, 2015, as a society under The Society Registration Act of Odisha. Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya was founded by the Odisha Department of School and Mass Education at Sanmouda in 2016.

The General Body is the apex body of the Sangathan headed by Hon’ble Minister, School & Mass Education as Chairman. The Executive Body is headed by DC-cum-ACS as Chairman.

==Affiliation==
OAV Sanmouda is affiliated with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], New Delhi, under the Affiliation number 1520048.

== Admission ==
Students from [[Rairangpur]] block, Class VI, are selected through an entrance Exam conducted each year by Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya Sangathan and are given admission to VIth standard/class. The test is largely non-verbal and objective in nature and is designed to prevent any disadvantage to children from rural areas.

==Housing==
The school has four houses: Mahanadi House, Brahmani House, Subarnarekha House and Bansadhara House. The houses were named after some of Odisha's major rivers. All of the OAVs have this system of Housing.

==Facilities==
The school provides free uniforms, books, and mid-day meals up to class VIII.

The school has a two-storey building, including classrooms, Science laboratories, office, library, art room, computer lab, sports room, examination section, multipurpose room and a principal chamber.

<gallery>
File:oavsan2.jpg|School inner view
oavsan3.jpg|
</gallery>

==Administration==
The school is run by the School and Mass Education Department of Odisha.
To manage the day-to-day affairs in school a school management committee will be formed consisting the following members:
* Collector of the District - Chairman.
* Executive Engineer, Rural Works/ - MembersR&B/PHD /RWS&S
* Executive Engineer of the concerned electricity supply/distribution company - Member
* Chief District Medical Officer - Member
* District Project Coordinator, SSA - Member
* District Welfare Officer - Member
* All Principals of Adarsha Vidyalaya (within the revenue district!) - Members
* Representative of premier Edn.Institution/University (Knowledge pool) - Member
* District Education Officer - Member Convener

To manage the internal affairs of schools, Vidyalaya Management Development Committee has been formed by the chairperson, Collector Mayurbhanj.

==Faculty==
Currently, the school employs Principal, 5 Post Graduate Teachers, 8 TGTs, 1 P.E.T, 1 computer teacher, 1 art teacher and 3 non teaching staff.

==Activities==

The school observes important commemorative days,
Competitions like
* Science Olympiad
* Mathematics Olympiad
* National Talent Search Exam
* National Means Cum Merit Examination
* Science Exhibition
Various Inter-House Cocurricular Activities like
* Youth Parliament
* Hindi week
* Annual sports meets
* Annual Day
* Mass Plantation
* National Science Day

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:oavsm1.jpg|Morning Flag March In Republic Day
Oavsm2.jpg|Group Photo In Republic Day 2019
Oavsm3.jpg|Students In Chemistry Lab
National Science Day 2020.jpg| Celebration of National Science Day 2020
Oavsan6.jpg| Blessing Ceremony Of Class - 10, 2020
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Schools in Odisha]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Odisha]]

Kalikapur High School

2026-02-21T02:00:30Z

Timesofmillionaire: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Kalikapur High School
| image = File:Kalikapur High School.jpg
| city = [[Contai subdivision]] of [[Purba Medinipur district]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 721401
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|21.7710046|N|87.7888355|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| established = 1961 
| school_board = West Bengal Board of Secondary Education
| headmaster = Tirthankar Jana
| gender = 
| classes = V - X class
| language = Bengali
| campus_size = 1.21 Acre
}}

'''Kalikapur High School''' is a government-sponsored secondary school located in [[Contai]], [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], near [[Contai Polytechnic|Contai Polytechnic College]].

==History==
This school was established in 1961. The school is affiliated by the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]].

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.wbsed.gov.in Department of School Education, Government of West Bengal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516232513/http://wbsed.gov.in/ |date=16 May 2014 }}
*[http://wikimapia.org/11855278/KALIKAPUR-HIGH-SCHOOL-TIRTHANKAR-JANA]

==External links==
* [https://www.facebook.com/kalikapur1211 Kalikapur High School at Facebook]
{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-school-stub}}

Sameeksha Sud

2026-02-11T06:53:29Z

Timesofmillionaire: made new article initial version

{{Short description|Indian television actress and internet personality}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sameeksha Sud
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| citizenship =
| education =
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[Internet personality]]
| years_active = 2012–present
| television = {{hlist|[[Baal Veer]] [[Doli Armano Ki]] [[Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee]]}}
| spouse =
| parents =
| known_for =
| website =
}}

'''Sameeksha Sud''' (born 25 April 1993) is an [[Indian Television|Indian television]] [[actress]] and [[Internet personality]]. She is best known for the television shows ''[[Baal Veer]]'', ''[[Doli Armaano Ki]]'' and ''[[Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Exclusive - Baalveer actress Sameeksha Sud on staying away from TV: I have literally begged for good work - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-baalveer-actress-sameeksha-sud-on-staying-away-from-tv-i-have-literally-begged-for-good-work/articleshow/76939708.cms|access-date=2021-04-04|website=The Times of India|date=13 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Sud started her television career in 2012 and made her acting debut with ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein|Fear Files]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-12 |title=TikTok star Sameeksha Sud: Never thought it would blow up to this scale |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/tiktok-star-sameeksha-sud-never-thought-it-would-blow-up-to-this-scale-23155327 |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=www.mid-day.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=छोटे पर्दे पर अब इस तरह की भूमिका निभाना चाहती हैं Sameeksha Sud|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/television/sameeksha-sud-now-wants-to-play-such-a-role-on-the-small-screen/685341|access-date=2021-04-04|website=Zee News Hindi|language=hi}}</ref> She received prominence through the television show ''[[Baal Veer]],'' in which she played the character of ''Pari''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I want to have pani puri after lockdown: Sameeksha Sud - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-want-to-have-pani-puri-after-lockdown-sameeksha-sud/articleshow/75697822.cms|access-date=2021-04-04|website=The Times of India|date=12 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> She has also worked in ''[[Doli Armano Ki]]'' and ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence|Gumrah]]''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

In 2020, Sud made her OTT debut though the web show ''[[Who's Your Daddy (web series)|Who's Your Daddy]]'' (season 2), presented by [[ALTBalaji]] and [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Who's Your Daddy Season 2 is here...|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/whos-your-daddy-season-2-is-here-184110|access-date=2021-04-04|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein|''Fear Files'']]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Gumrah: End of Innocence|''Gumrah'']]
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Baalveer]]''
|Dari Pari
|Season 1
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news|title=Exclusive - Baalveer actress Sameeksha Sud on staying away from TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-baalveer-actress-sameeksha-sud-on-staying-away-from-tv-i-have-literally-begged-for-good-work/articleshow/76939708.cms|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India|date=13 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2014–2015
|''[[Doli Armaano Ki]]''
|Asha Gaurav Singh
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Ek Aastha Aisi Bhee]]''
|Janki Angad Agarwal
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]]''
|Sharda Devi
|Season 1
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''
|Aditi Chavan
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-25 |title=Sameeksha Sud To Play An Autistic Character In Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/sameeksha-sud-to-play-an-autistic-character-in-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-article-117554687 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|[[Who's Your Daddy (web series)|''Who's Your Daddy'']]
|Sukoon Bagga
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Who's Your Daddy Season 2 is here...|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/whos-your-daddy-season-2-is-here-184110|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable "
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Ref.
|-
|rowspan="3" |2019
|''Raanjhan Ve''
|Purva Mantri
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Which Is Your Favourite Music Video By Samiksha, Vishal, And Bhavin A.K.A Teentigada?|date=26 March 2022 |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/celebrities-digital/which-is-your-favourite-music-video-by-samiksha-vishal-and-bhavin-a-k-a-teentigada/2022/03/26}}</ref>
|-
|''Dil Roya Ve''
|Akanksha Bhandari
|
|-
|''Rula Ke Gaya Ishq''
|[[Stebin Ben]]
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|2020
|''Tu Bhi Royega''
|[[Jyotica Tangri]]
|
|-
|''Tumhari Yaad Ayee Hai''
|Goldie Sohel, [[Palak Muchhal]]
|
|-
|''Mausam''
|Anshul Seth
|
|-
|''Main Yeh Haath Jo''
|[[Samira Koppikar]], [[Stebin Ben]]
|
|-
|''Rona Likha Tha''
|[[Ramji Gulati]]
|
|-
|''Dil Ki Aadat''
|[[Stebin Ben]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch New Hindi Song Music Video - 'Dil Ki Aadat' Sung By Stebin Ben|website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-song-music-video-dil-ki-aadat-sung-by-stebin-ben/videoshow/79509611.cms}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="7"|2021
|''Marda Chhod Gaya''
|[[Ramji Gulati]]
|
|-
|''Dil Fakeera''
|Udit Saxena
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vinay Singh setting a benchmark for independent artists with his latest music|date=29 October 2021 |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/vinay-singh-setting-a-benchmark-for-independent-artists-with-his-latest-music-1941561/}}</ref>
|-
|''Manada Nahi Dill''
|Romy, Shreya Jain
|
|-
|''Teri Aankhein Badi Anmol''
|[[Yasser Desai]]
|
|-
|''Laeja Mainu Naall''
|Kay J
|
|-
|''Dil Wapis Kardo''
|Akshar, [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|
|-
|''Khwahish''
|[[Jyotica Tangri]], Jitul Boro
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|''Goa''
|Mr. Dee
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check Out Latest Punjabi Song Official Music Video - 'Goa' Sung By Mr. Dee Featuring Sameeksha Sud|website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-latest-punjabi-song-official-music-video-goa-sung-by-mr-dee-featuring-sameeksha-sud/videoshow/88704935.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''Ki Kar Gaiyaan''
|[[Akriti Kakar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singer Akriti Kakar and Sameeksha Sud on their new single 'Ki kar Gaiyaan'|website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/singer-akriti-kakar-and-sameeksha-sud-on-their-new-single-ki-kar-gaiyaan/videoshow/89298775.cms}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm11358999}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sud, Sameeksha}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

S. N. Swamy

2026-02-10T03:12:12Z

Timesofmillionaire: added references

{{short description|Indian screenwriter and actor}}
{{About|the Indian screenwriter|the Indian artist (1911-83)|S. N. Swamy (artist)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S. N. Swamy
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Screenwriter
| years_active = 1985{{En dash}}present
| other_names =
| known_for = [[CBI (film series)|''CBI'' film series]]
}}

'''Sivaram Narayana Swamy''' is a screenwriter, director and actor who works in the Indian film industry predominantly in the [[Malayalam cinema]]. Having born in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]] Swamy is particularly known for scripting films in the [[thriller (genre)|thriller genre]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/26/stories/2005082601050100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629034617/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/26/stories/2005082601050100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2011|title=The trio in action again|date=26 August 2005|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> He has frequently collaborated with directors [[K. Madhu]], [[Joshiy]] and A. K. Sajan.

==Career==
Swamy is the creator of some of the well-known fictional characters in Malayalam cinema including [[Sethurama Iyer]] (portrayed by [[Mammootty]]) and [[Sagar Alias Jacky]] (portrayed by [[Mohanlal]]). Sagar Alias Jacky, a notorious gold smuggler, was the protagonist in ''[[Irupatham Noottandu]]'' (1987) and the eponymous ''[[Sagar alias Jacky Reloaded]]'' (2009), its spiritual successor. Sethurama Iyer, a CBI officer and the protagonist of the [[CBI (film series)|CBI film series]], was inspired by a real-life police officer called Radhavinod Raju who retired as Chief of India's National Investigative Agency. The film had five sequels.<ref>{{cite web | title=Never Say Never Again | website=indianexpress.com | date=2005-07-03 | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=73661 | access-date=2023-09-22}}</ref> The character Inspector Balram played by Mammootty in the films ''[[Avanazhi]]''(1986) & sequel ''[[Balram vs. Tharadas]]''(2006) and Ali Imran, a cop played by Mohanlal in ''[[Moonnam Mura]]'' (1988) are some of his other creations.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Film director
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Chakkarayumma]]''|| [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]]
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1985 || ''[[Koodum Thedi]]''|| Paul Babu
|-
| ''[[Oru Nokku Kanan]]''|| [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]]
|-
| ''[[Kandu Kandarinju]]'' || [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]]
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1986|| ''[[Akalathe Ambili]]'' || [[Jeassy]]
|-
| ''[[Snehamulla Simham]]''|| [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]]
|-
| ''[[Geetham (film)|Geetham]]''|| [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]]
|-
| ''[[Ennu Nathante Nimmi|Ennum Nathante Nimmi]]''|| [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]]
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Irupatham Noottandu]]''|| [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1988 || ''[[Oru CBI Diary Kurippu]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| ''[[August 1 (film)|August 1]]'' || [[Sibi Malayil]]
|-
| ''[[Oohakachavadam]]''|| [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| ''[[Moonnam Mura]]''|| [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| ''[[Charithram]]'' || [[G. S. Vijayan]]
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1989 || ''[[Naduvazhikal]]'' || [[Joshiy]]
|-
| ''[[Jagratha]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| ''[[Carnivel]]'' || [[P. G. Viswambharan]]
|-
| ''[[Adikkurippu]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| ''[[Mounam Sammadham]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1990 || ''[[Kalikkalam]]'' || [[Sathyan Anthikkadu]]
|-
| ''[[Parampara (1990 film)|Parampara]]'' || [[Sibi Malayil]]
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1991|| ''Chanchattam'' ||[[Thulasidas]]
|-
| ''[[Apoorvam Chilar]]'' || Kaladharan
|-
| ''[[Adayalam]]''|| [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Dhruvam]]'' || [[Joshiy]]
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Sainyam]]'' || [[Joshiy]]
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Oru Abhibhashakante Case Diary]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Aayiram Naavulla Ananthan]]'' || [[Thulasidas]]
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Oral Mathram]]''|| [[Sathyan Anthikkadu]]
|-
| 1998 || ''[[The Truth (1998 film)|The Truth]]'' || [[Shaji Kailas]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Nariman (film)|Nariman]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2004 ||''[[Agninakshathram (2004 film)|Agninakshathram]]'' || Kareem
|-
| ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| 2005 ||''[[Nerariyan CBI]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2006|| ''[[Balram vs. Tharadas]]''|| [[I. V. Sasi]]
|-
| ''[[Baba Kalyani (film)|Baba Kalyani]]''|| [[Shaji Kailas]]
|-
| 2007|| ''Janmam''|| Joshi
|-
| 2008|| ''[[Positive (2008 film)|Positive]]'' || [[V. K. Prakash]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2009 || ''[[Rahasya Police]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| ''[[Sagar alias Jacky Reloaded]]''|| [[Amal Neerad]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Janakan]]'' || Sanjeev N. R.
|-
| 2011 || ''[[August 15 (2011 film)|August 15]]'' || [[Shaji Kailas]]
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Lokpal (film)|Lokpal]]'' || [[Joshiy]]
|-
| 2022 || ''[[CBI 5]]'' || [[K. Madhu]]
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Secret]]'' <ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/dhyan-sreenivasan-to-play-lead-in-sn-swamys-directorial-debut-secret/ | title=The 'Secret' between Dhyan Sreenivasan and SN Swamy | date=10 February 2024 }}</ref> || Himself
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Award
! Year
! Project
! Category
! Outcome
|-
| rowspan="1" | Movie Street Film Award
| 2019
| N.A
| Lifetime Achievement Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kairalinewsonline.com/2019/02/03/223572.html|title = സിബിഐ അഞ്ചാം ഭാഗത്തിന്റെ വരവറിയിച്ച് എസ് എന്‍ സ്വാമി|date = 3 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title='സിനിമ ശ്വാസത്തിന് തുല്യം', 38 വര്‍ഷത്തെ സിനിമാ ജീവിതത്തില്‍ ആദ്യ പുരസ്‌കാരം ഏറ്റുവാങ്ങി എസ്എന്‍ സ്വാമി, സാറ് പൊളിയാണെന്ന് ജോജു ജോര്‍ജ് | website=thenewsrupt.com | date=2019-02-04 | url=http://www.thenewsrupt.com/film-news/2019/02/04/script-writer-sn-swamy-homoured-with-life-time-achievment-award-in-movie-street-awards | access-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174521/www.thenewsrupt.com/film-news/2019/02/04/script-writer-sn-swamy-homoured-with-life-time-achievment-award-in-movie-street-awards|archive-date=2019-02-04}}</ref>
| {{Won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0841554}}

{{S. N. Swamy}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swamy, S. N.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kochi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

Lairenjam Olen

2026-02-08T09:20:47Z

Timesofmillionaire: Created a details

{{Short description|Indian actor from Manipur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption = ''Olen in [[Thasi Thanou]] (2010)''
| occupation = Actor, Politician
| years active =
|birth_name = Lairenjam Olendro
| birth_date = 1973
| birth_place = Laipham Khunou Mamang Leikai Post Lamlong, [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]]
| relatives =
| parents = Lairenjam Shyamkesho Lairenjam Ongbi Ebemhal
| spouse = Ningthoukhongjam Harimati
| awards = Best Male Actor (2005–2007), Best Actor (2007)
}}
'''Lairenjam Olen''' is an Indian actor who predominantly appears in [[Manipuri films]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.org/erang/Actor/Olen.php|title=Olen - E-rang :: E-pao Movie Channel|website=e-pao.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manipuronline.in/about/entertainment|title=Entertainment in Manipur|accessdate=7 December 2021|website=www.manipuronline.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalmag.com/chopsticks-in-manipur-korean-culture-india/|title=Chopsticks in Manipur|author=AKOIJAM SUNITA|accessdate=7 December 2021|website=www.himalmag.com}}</ref> He started as a Theatre Artist and was a member of Orient Drama Union, Imphal. His famous films include ''Dr. Yaima'', ''Mittrang Keithel'', ''Khongchat'' series, ''Radha-Rani'', ''[[Lallasi Pal]]'' and ''Mr. Lakhipyari''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/relevant-theme-backed-by-a-moral/cid/594701|title=Relevant theme backed by a moral|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/20/manipuri-film-awards-announced-olen-best-actor-1200902527.html|title=Manipuri Film awards announced, Olen best actor|date=21 January 2008|website=Oneindia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://manipurtimes.com/actor-olen-a-much-loved-actor-of-the-people/|title=Actor Olen : a much loved actor of the people|work=Manipurtimes|date=4 July 2013|last=Ngangbam|first=Amukhomba}}</ref> He played double roles of Nganthoi and Thonba in the 2004 movie ''Icham Chamna''. In 2017, he won the 5th Zilla Parishad Panchayat election as a candidate of the Heingang Constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themorningbell.in/containment-zone-families-receive-aid/|title=Containment zone families receive aid|accessdate=7 December 2021|website=themorningbell.in}}</ref>

==Accolades==
Lairenjam Olen was honoured with different titles at several film awards and festivals.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Film
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| North East TV People's Choice Awards 2004, Guwahati
| Best Actor in Manipuri Film
| rowspan="2"|''Nungsi Hekta Hairage''
|
|-
| RJ Vision Special Film Award 2005-2007
| Best Male Actor
|
|-
| First Festival of Manipur Cinema 2007
| Best Actor - Male
| ''[[Lallasi Pal]]''
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=5..140108.jan08|title=Festival of Manipuri cinema ends|accessdate=7 December 2021|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
|-
| 8th Manipur State Film Festival 2013
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Male
| ''Thasi Thanou''
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=6&src=Movies/8thManipurFilmFestival20131224|title=8th Manipur State Film Festival 2013 Awards :: December 24, 2013|accessdate=5 December 2021|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
|}

==Selected filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Director
|-
|1996
|''Khongchat''
|Tomba
|O. Sanou
|-
|2002
|''[[Lallasi Pal]]''
|Tompok
|Mayanglangbam Raghumani (Eepu)
|-
|2003
|''Leichildagee Urok''
|Ibohal
|[[Oinam Gautam Singh|O. Gautam]]
|-
|rowspan="4"|2004
|''Icham Chamna''
|Nganthoi & Thonba
|Eepu
|-
|''Nungshi Hekta Hairage''
|Phairen
|Ksh. Kishorekumar
|-
|''Dr. Yaima''
|Yaima
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|''Chang Shi Chang''
|Imo
|Eepu
|-
|2005
|''Mr. Lakhipyari''
|Lakhi
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
| rowspan="7"|2006
|''Khongul''
|Hemba
|O. Jiten
|-
|''Radha-Rani''
|Jiten
|[[Oinam Gautam Singh|O. Gautam]]
|-
|''Paokhum Ama''
|Police
|Tayenjam Mema & Ibomcha
|-
|''Tellangga Mamei''
|Bimol
|[[Oken Amakcham]]
|-
|''Best Friend (Eta Chanabi)''
|Thanil
|O. Sanou
|-
|''Mittrang Keithel''
|Munan
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|''[[Lakhipurgi Lakhipyari]]''
|Amar
|L. Surjakanta
|-
| rowspan="4"|2007
|''Thoiba Thoibi''
|Thoiba
|[[Romi Meitei]]
|-
|''Amuktang Punna Nokshi''
|Phairen
|Ksh. Kishorekumar
|-
|''Lammuknaraba Punshi''
|Chaoba
|Ch. Inaobi
|-
|''[[Yenning Amadi Likla]]''
|Ibohal
|[[Makhonmani Mongsaba]]
|-
| rowspan="5"|2008
|''Nongallakpa''
|Lala
|Bhabeshwar Mayengbam
|-
|''[[Tayai]]''
|Ibochouba
|K. Bimol Sharma
|-
|''Keishamthong Thoibi''
|Eigya Pameshor
|[[Oinam Gautam Singh|O. Gautam]]
|-
|''[[Kekoo Lotpee]]''
|Lanjenba
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|''Handakta Nouna Khangnaba''
|Nungsi
|P. Praphullo
|-
| rowspan="9"|2009
|''Ahingee Tandan''
|Nongdamba
|K. Bimol Sharma
|-
|''Leeklam''
|Thawaijao
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|''Paokhum''
|Anand
|[[Khwairakpam Bishwamittra]]
|-
|''Eigee Morambee''
|Chamba
|Rajen Leishangthem
|-
|''Atiyagee Meenok''
|Phairen
|Ksh. Kishorekumar
|-
|''Lonthoktabagee Wari''
|Sanathoi
|Diya Khwairakpam
|-
|''Yumleima Lamleima''
|Buddhi
|Seema & [[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|''Eegi Machu''
|Imotomba
|Keiphah
|-
|''Mageedamakni''
|Nongyai
|[[Oken Amakcham]]
|-
|rowspan="6"|2010
|''Nangdi Eigi Thawaini''
|Pakchao
|[[Oinam Gautam Singh|O. Gautam]]
|-
|''21st Century's Kunti''
|Rajlakshmi's brother
|Joy Soram
|-
|''Eishe Kanano...!?''
|Sanahal
|Rajen Leishangthem
|-
|''[[Tillaikhombee]]''
|Lemba
|[[Khwairakpam Bishwamittra]]
|-
|''Thasi Thanou''
|Ibomcha
|Eepu
|-
|''Govindagee Sharik Makhol''
|Amuba
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|2011
|''Miraang''
|Kulabidhu
|[[Aribam Syam Sharma]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2012
|''Boiton Mangkhre''
|Thoujal
|Khoibam Homeshwori
|-
|''[[Leipaklei]]''
|Ibotomba
|[[Aribam Syam Sharma]]
|-
|''Highway 39: Punshi Lambida''
|Shamu
|[[Homen D' Wai]]
|-
|2014
|''[[Sanarik]]''
|Doren
|L. Rajesh
|-
|rowspan="2"|2016
|''Yaibikol''
|Ningthou
|R.K. Homen
|-
|''Ingagee Thanil''
|Tomba
|Mohindro (KAMS)
|-
|2017
|''Ningol Chakkouba''
|Tomba
|Sanaton Nongthomba
|-
|2018
|''Naitom''
|Thoi's father
|Dinesh Phundongbam
|-
|2019
|''[[Nongphadok Lakpa Atithi]]''
|Ibohal
|[[Aribam Syam Sharma]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|11305672}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Olen, Lairenjam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Manipur]]
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:People from Imphal]]
[[Category:1973 births]]

Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai CSMT Vande Bharat Express

2026-02-05T04:25:19Z

Timesofmillionaire: Created data...

{{Italic title}}
{{short description|Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{For|its sharing train and India's 9th semi-high speed train|Mumbai CSMT–Solapur Vande Bharat Express}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = FF7220
| name = Hazur Sahib Nanded - Mumbai CSMT ''Vande Bharat Express''
| logo =
| image = Nanded - CSMT - Solapur Vande Bharat Express.png
| image_width = 300px
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]
| locale = [[Maharastra]]
| first = {{start date|2023|12|30|df=yes}} (Inaugural) {{start date and age|2 January 2024|df=yes}} (Commercial) ''(Extension to Hazur Sahib Nanded)'' {{start date and age|28 August 2025|df=yes}}
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railways (SCR)]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}} '''(NED)'''
| stops = 08
| distance = {{convert|608|km|0|abbr=on}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus}} '''(CSMT)'''
| journeytime = 09 hrs 25 mins
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|20705 - Except Wednesdays <nowiki>|</nowiki> 20706 - Except Thursdays}}
| trainnumber = 20705 / 20706
| line_used = *[[Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Mumbai–Kalyan section]]
*[[Bhusawal–Kalyan section|Kalyan–Bhusawal section (till Manmad Jn.)]]
*[[Secunderabad–Manmad line|Manmad–Secunderabad line (till Nanded )]]
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Car
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| catering = On Board Catering
| observation = Large windows in all coaches
| baggage = Overhead Racks
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| stock = [[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat services|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-06-15|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat services|reason= The anchor (Mini Vande Bharat services) [[Special:Diff/1183926159|has been deleted]].}} ''(Last service: Aug 26 2025)'' [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Modified rakes|Vande Bharat 3.0]] ''(First service: Aug 28 2025)''
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{cvt|65|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
| trainlength = {{convert|480|m|ft}} (20 Coaches)
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| maintenance = [[South Central Railway zone|Hazur Sahib Nanded (NED)]]
| sharing = [[Mumbai CSMT–Solapur Vande Bharat Express|22225 / 22226 CSMT - Solapur Vande Bharat Express]]
| map = {{Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai CSMT–Solapur VB Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
}}
The 20705/20706 '''Hazur Sahib Nanded - Mumbai CSMT ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 41st [[Vande Bharat Express|Vande Bharat Express train]], running across the state of [[Maharashtra]], which will start from [[Hazur Sahib Nanded]] and will terminate at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Mumbai CSMT]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Shashank |date=24 December 2023 |title=Soon, Soon, Vande Bharat to operate on Mumbai-Hazur Sahib Nanded route |pages=12 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/soon-vande-bharat-to-operate-on-mumbai-jalna-route-101703358623348-amp.html |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/4-halts-for-vande-bharat-on-jalna-mumbai-route/articleshow/106243804.cms|title=4 halts for Vande Bharat on Jalna-Mumbai route|date=24 December 2023|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/business/new-vande-bharat-express-likely-from-jalna-to-mumbai-soon-check-expected-route-timing-6599510/|title=New Vande Bharat Express Likely From Jalna to Mumbai Soon: Check Expected Route, Timing|website=www.india.com}}</ref> This will be the fourth express train towards [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]] (CSMT).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/aurangabad/jalna-mumbai-vande-bharat-express-likely-to-start-from-next-week/articleshow/106138031.cms|title=जालना-मुंबई 'वंदे भारत'बाबत मोठी अपडेट, या तारखेपासून सुरु होण्याची शक्यता, कसे असेल नियोजन?|website=Maharashtra Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/8-line-maintenance-facility-to-come-up-for-vande-bharat-trains-at-wadi-bunder-csm-8649486/|title=8-line maintenance facility to come up for Vande Bharat trains at Wadi Bunder, CSMT|date=7 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/maharashtra/new-vande-bharat-express-railways-to-start-semihigh-speed-train-on-mumbaijalna-route-via-aurangabad-soon-check-details-10121878|title=New Vande Bharat Express: Railways To Start Semi-High Speed Train On Mumbai-Jalna Route Via Aurangabad Soon; Check Details|date=21 December 2023|website=English Jagran}}</ref>

This express train was inaugurated on 30 December 2023 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] via [[Videotelephony|video conferencing]] from [[Ayodhya Junction railway station|Ayodhya Dham Junction]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=PM Modi flags off 2 Amrit Bharat, 6 Vande Bharat Express trains in Ayodhya |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-flags-off-2-amrit-bharat-6-vande-bharat-express-trains-in-ayodhya-101703918767779.html |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 December 2023 |title=PM Modi flags off 2 new Amrit Bharat, 6 Vande Bharat Express trains during Ayodhya visit; check routes & other details |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pm-narendra-modi-ayodhya-amrit-bharat-vande-bharat-trains-flag-off-full-list-of-new-routes-indian-railways/articleshow/106393567.cms?from=mdr |access-date=30 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=PM Modi flags off new Vande Bharat, Amrit Bharat trains from Ayodhya Dham Junction: Routes, features and all you need to know |url=https://www.news9live.com/india/pm-modi-flags-off-vande-bharat-amrit-bharat-trains-from-ayodhya-junction-routes-features-and-all-you-need-to-know-2391037 |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayodhya: PM Modi inaugurates redeveloped railway station, flags off Amrit Bharat trains |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2023/12/30/ayodhya-pm-modi-inaugurates-redeveloped-railway-station-flags-off-amrit-bharat-trains.html |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2023 |title=PM to Inaugurate Amrit Bharat Express from Ayodhya, 6 Vande Bharat Trains on Dec 30 |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/pm-to-inaugurate-amrit-bharat-express-from-ayodhya-6-vande-bharat-trains-on-dec-30-8714893.html |access-date=27 December 2023 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi to flag off 5 Vande Bharat, 2 Amrit Bharat trains on December 30, check details here |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pm-modi-to-flag-off-5-vande-bharat-2-amrit-bharat-trains-on-december-30-check-details-here-3072293 |access-date=27 December 2023 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
This train is operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station|Hazur Sahib Nanded]], [[Parbhani Junction railway station|Parbhani Jn]], [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], [[Aurangabad railway station|Aurangabad]], [[Manmad Junction railway station|Manmad Jn]], [[Nasik Road railway station|Nashik Road]], [[Kalyan Junction railway station|Kalyan Jn]], [[Thane railway station|Thane]], [[Dadar railway station|Dadar Ctrl]] and [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Mumbai CSMT]]. It is currently operated with train numbers 20705/20706 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=Jalna-Mumbai Vande Bharat Express: Check Route, Stoppages, Timings And Fare Details |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mumbai/jalna-mumbai-vande-bharat-express-check-route-stoppages-timings-and-fare-details-article-106401344 |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

From the [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railways]] zonal office, there has been an approved extension to originate or terminate to&fro [[Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station|Hazur Sahib Nanded]] from August 27 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=6673846-0: Mumbai Jalna Vande Bharat Got extension 20706/Mumbai CSMT - Jalna Vande Bharat Express - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/6673846 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-14 |title=Vande Bharat Express: मुंबई-जालना वंदे भारत एक्स्प्रेस आता नांदेडपर्यंत धावणार; परभणी स्थानकातही थांबा |url=https://marathi.timesnownews.com/maharashtra/mumbai-jalna-vande-bharat-express-extended-to-nanded-with-new-halt-at-parbhani-railway-station-article-151942004 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=Times Now Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai–Jalna Vande Bharat Extended To Nanded, Fulfilling Long-Pending Sikh Pilgrim Demand |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbaijalna-vande-bharat-extended-to-nanded-fulfilling-long-pending-sikh-pilgrim-demand |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

== Rakes ==
It was the thirty-ninth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|2nd Generation]] and twenty-fifth [[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat services|'''Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train''']] which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

=== Coach Augmentation ===
As per latest updates, this express train will be augmented with 12 additional AC coaches, thereby running with [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|Vande Bharat 3.0 trainset]] W.E.F. 28 August 2025 in order to enhance passenger capacity and make travel smoother and more convenient on this popular route.

== Service ==

The 20705/20706 Hazur Sahib Nanded - Mumbai CSMT Vande Bharat Express operates '''six days''' a week, covering a distance of {{cvt|608|km}} in a travel time of 09 hours 25 mins with an average speed of {{cvt|65|km/h}}. The service has 6 intermediate stops. The Maximum Permissible Speed is {{cvt|130|km/h}}.

== See also ==
* [[Mumbai CSMT–Solapur Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[Gatimaan Express]]
* [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Mumbai CSMT Terminus]]
* [[Jalna railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:Transport in Jalna]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]

Sowmya Raoh

2026-02-04T21:29:44Z

Timesofmillionaire: quick update

{{short description|Indian playback singer (born 1983)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sowmya Raoh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|04|18|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|title=About Me|url=http://sowmyaraoh.com/|website=sowmyaraoh.com|access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref>
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]
|years_active = 1993–present
| website =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka, India
}}

'''Sowmya Raoh''' is an Indian playback singer who has performed in [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages.<ref name=rediff1>{{cite web|title=If you sing Hindi songs, you are have[sic] a wider audience|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/22sd2.htm|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="offi">{{Citation|title=Sowmya Raoh Profile|publisher=Sowmya Rao|url=http://www.sowmyaraoh.com/profile.htm|access-date=11 November 2008}}</ref>

==Early life and career==

Sowmya was born in a [[Kannada people|Kannada speaking]] family to veteran singer [[B. K. Sumitra]] and Sudhakar in [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka, India.<ref name="offi"/><ref name=oneindia>{{cite web|title=A chit chat with Sowmya Raoh|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/features/2006/sowmya-raoh-190706.html|publisher=[[Oneindia.in]]|access-date=18 August 2012}}</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|title=Steadfast support|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060415/asp/weekend/story_6075033.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203122713/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060415/asp/weekend/story_6075033.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|access-date=28 August 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph (India)|date=15 April 2006}}</ref> Sowmya has a brother named [[Sunil Raoh]], who is an actor in the [[Kannada film industry]].<ref>{{cite news|title=For the record|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore-times/For-the-record/articleshow/1492292.cms?|access-date=28 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 April 2006}}</ref> Her mother is popular playback and devotional singer in Kannada.<ref name=oneindia/> As a child, Sowmya would accompany her mother to the studios for recording.<ref name=oneindia/> She then slowly graduated to become a child singer. Sowmya's father worked in [[Reserve Bank of India]].<ref name=oneindia/>

Sowmya started singing at the age of seven.<ref name=telegraph/> She took a break from singing while she was in school as she thought that would affect her studies.<ref name=rediff1/> After a period of five to six years, she gradually turned her attention towards singing by learning [[Carnatic music]].<ref name=oneindia/> However, she ended up becoming a voice actor before venturing into films.<ref name=rediff1/> She claims that, "I wanted to train for singing for heroines, not children".<ref name=rediff1/>

==Musical career==

Sowmya started her career as a singer in south Indian films in 1993, and got a break in [[Bollywood]] nine years later.<ref name=telegraph/> Her major break happened when composer [[Sandeep Chowta]] was looking for a singer who could sing well in Hindi.<ref name=oneindia/> He chose Sowmya for a song ("Greekuveerudu") in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)|Ninne Pelladata]]''. The song gave her a much needed break.<ref name=oneindia/> She went on to record the song in the Tamil and Hindi versions too.<ref name=oneindia/>

Sowmya started her career in Bollywood in 2000. Her first assignment was for the song "Soul of Jungle", followed by a background track for the film ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (film)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''.<ref name=telegraph/> ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' was her first as a singer in Hindi.<ref name=telegraph/> By this time she also sang for other Hindi films such as ''[[Dum (2003 Hindi film)|Dum]]'' and ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''.<ref name=telegraph/> In 2012, her item number 'Dreamum Wakeupum' for [[Sachin Kundalkar]]'s [[Aiyyaa]] emerged a chartbuster and the song was also appreciated for its dance performance by [[Rani Mukerji]] and [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]].

Having worked with composers such as [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and [[A. R. Rahman]], she recorded over 200 songs in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada, as of 2006.<ref name=telegraph/>

==Selected discography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Song !! Co-singers
|-
| 1996 ||''[[Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)|Ninne Pelladata]]''||Telugu||"Greeku Veerudu"||
|-
| 1998 ||''[[Kaadhal Kavithai]]'' || Tamil || "Aalana Naal Mudhala" ||
|-
| 1999 ||''[[Suriya Paarvai]]'' || Tamil || "Boom Blast It" ||
|-
|2000||‘’[[Kushi (2000 film)|Kushi]]‘’|| Tamil ||“Macerina Macerina”||[[Devan Ekambaram]]
|-
| 2001||''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]''||Tamil||"Rukku Rukku"||[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
| 2001||''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (film)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''||Hindi||"Roundhe"||
|-
| 2002||''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''||Hindi||"Ankhon Mein"||
|-
| 2002||''[[Bollywood Hollywood]]''||Hindi||||
|-
| 2002||''[[Dhool]]''||Tamil||"Ithunundu Muthatthile"||[[Udit Narayan]], [[Premgi Amaren]]
|-
| 2003||''[[Dum (2003 Hindi film)|Dum]]''||Hindi||"Dil Hi Dil Mein"||[[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
| 2003||''[[Raktha Kanneeru]]''||Kannada||"Baa baaro rasika "||
|-
| 2003|| ''[[Samay: When Time Strikes]]'' ||Hindi|| "Zindagi"||
|-
| 2004||''[[Dhoom]]''||Hindi||"Dilbara"||[[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]]
|-
| 2003||''[[Ek Aur Ek Gyaarah]]''||Hindi||"O Dushmana"||[[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
| 2005||''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''||Hindi||"Nach Baliye"||[[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Loy Mendonsa]]
|-
| 2005||''[[Super (2005 film)|Super]]''||Telugu||"Gichhi Gichhi"||[[Sandeep Chowta]]
|-
| 2006||''[[Khosla Ka Ghosla]]''||Hindi||"Intezaar Aitbaar Tumse Pyar"||Qadar Niazi Qawwal
|-
| 2006||''[[Varalaru - History of Godfather]]''||Tamil||"Kama Karaiyil"||[[Naresh Iyer]]
|-
| 2006||''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]''||Tamil||"Nerupae"||Franko, Solar Sai
|-
| 2006||''Suntara gaali''||Kannada||"Shame shame"||
|-
| 2006||''[[Family (2006 film)|Family]]''||Hindi||"Qatra qatra"||
|-
| 2006||''[[Family (2006 film)|Family]]''||Hindi||"Janam Janam"||
|-
| 2007||''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''||Hindi||"Shauk Hai"||
|-
| 2007||''[[Tara Rum Pum]]''||Hindi||"◦Nach le ve"||
|-
| 2007||''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]''||Hindi||"Welcome"||[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sajid (music director)|Wajid]]
|-
| 2007||''[[Bheema]]''||Tamil||"Enadhuyire"||Nikhil Mathew, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| 2007||''[[Pachaikili Muthucharam]]''||Tamil||"Un Sirippinil"||Raphi
|-
| 2008||''[[Krazzy 4]]''||Hindi||"O re lakad "||
|-
| 2008||''[[Bindaas (2008 film)|Bindaas]]''||Kannada||"Gubbachi goodinalli"||Udit Narayan
|-
| 2009||''[[Raam (2009 film)|Raam]]''||Kannada||"Nanna Tutiyalli"||[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| 2009||''[[Vamanan]]''||Tamil||"Aedho Saigirai"||[[Javed Ali]]
|-
| 2009||''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]''||Hindi||"Le le mazaa le"||Hrishikesh Lamrekar, Nikita Nigam, Suzanne D'Mello
|-
| 2009||''[[Do Knot Disturb]]''||Hindi||"Beautiful Woman"||[[Neeraj Shridhar]]
|-
| 2009||''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]''||Kannada||"Hale Patre"||[[Kailash Kher]]
|-
| 2009||''[[Josh (2009 Telugu film)|Josh]]''||Telugu||"Awara Hawa"||[[Sandeep Chowta]]
|-
| 2011||''[[Vishnuvardhana (film)|Vishnuvardhana]]''||Kannada||"Yede olage"|| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
| 2012||''[[Aiyyaa]]''||Hindi||"Dreamum wakeupumm"||[[Amit Trivedi]]
|-
| 2013||''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]''||Telugu||"Welcome Kanakam"||[[Thaman]]
|-
| 2013||''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns]]''||Hindi||"Idhar Gire"||
|-
| 2013||''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]''||Kannada||"Karagida Baaninalli"||
|-
|}

==Accolades==
===Filmfare Awards===
* 2013 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Kannada]] for "Karagida Baaninalli" from ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]''

===Stardust Awards===
* Stardust Award for Best New Singer for " Laila Laila" from ''[[Samay: When Time Strikes]]'' (2003).<ref name="offi"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raoh, Sowmya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Singers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:1973 births]]

Jaslok Hospital

2026-01-31T06:09:16Z

Timesofmillionaire:

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Jaslok Hospital
| pushpin_map =
| logo = Jaslok Hospital Logo.png
| logo_size = 200
| region = [[Mumbai]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.971622|72.80973|type:landmark|display=title,inline|name=Jaslok Hospital}}
| emergency = Yes
| beds = 343
| founded = 1973
| website = {{URL|jaslokhospital.net}}
}}

'''Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre''' is a [[private hospital]] located in [[Mumbai]] was founded by [[philanthropist]] Seth Lokoomal Chanrai along with surgeon [[Shantilal Jamnadas Mehta]]. The hospital was formally inaugurated on 6 July 1973 by the erstwhile Prime Minister, [[Indira Gandhi]].

The hospital got substantial publicity in the late 1970s when [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] was admitted for treatment of [[kidney failure]] by the nephrologist M. K. Mani. Narayan died there in 1979.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jaslok Hospital in Peddar Road, Mumbai {{!}} ClinicSpots |url=https://www.clinicspots.com/hospital/jaslok-hospital |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.clinicspots.com}}</ref>

In the early 1980s the laboratories run there by P. R. Krishnaswamy had the first fully automated Kontron biochemistry analyzers, an electron microscope and an aminoacid analyser.<ref name=":0" />

The India's first recorded AIDS/HIV victim died at the hospital on 9 June 1986, after a fortnight's treatment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/living/story/19860715-aids-cases-in-maharashtra-hospitals-put-government-on-red-alert-801031-1986-07-14|title=AIDS cases in Maharashtra hospitals put Government on red alert|website=India Today}}</ref>

The facility suffered during unrest led by trade unionist [[Datta Samant]]. On 17 October 1979, after severing the gas, water and telephone connections and crippling the labour force in the hospital, the management had to shift nearly 294 patients to other hospitals in the city. Dr Rindani, the then medical director, stood firm, The police were called in and a court injunction prohibiting assembly of the agitating workers was obtained. Samant had to back down for the first time in his brand of union activities.<ref>{{cite news|title=jaslok hospital |url=https://www.credihealth.com/hospital/jaslok-hospital-mumbai/doctors|date=25 March 2019 |work=Full Details Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791130-union-leader-datta-samant-cripples-jaslok-hospital-in-bombay-as-staff-goes-on-strike-822369-2014-02-22|title=Union leader Datta Samant cripples Jaslok Hospital in Bombay as staff goes on strike|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1946520/|title=Jaslok Hospital And Research ... vs Industrial Tribunal And Others on 10 December, 1982|website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>

Jaslok Hospital is located at Peddar Road, South [[Mumbai]], overlooking the [[Arabian Sea]].

The name ''Jaslok'' is a combination of the names of Seth Lokoomal and his wife, Jasotibai.

== Hospital Facilities ==
Jaslok hospital is a multi-speciality hospital offering the following facilities:

* Total No of Beds: 343<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hospital Facilities {{!}} Jaslok Hospital|url=https://www.jaslokhospital.net/international-patients/hospital-facilities|access-date=2021-06-10|website=www.jaslokhospital.net}}</ref>
* Non ICU Beds: 255
* ICU Beds: 58

== Accreditations ==
Jaslok Hospital has received certification from National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers ('''NABH''') which is a constituent board of Quality Council of India (QCI), set up to establish and operate accreditation programme for healthcare organizations. This certification is currently valid from 23 June 2019 to 22 June 2022.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.jaslokhospital.net}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1973]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1973]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Private hospitals in India]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-hospital-stub}}

Isuri

2026-01-27T22:44:00Z

Timesofmillionaire: Created a article

{{Infobox Person
| name = Isuri
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1838
| death_date = 1909
| occupation = [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] [[poet]]
| birth_place = Mendki, [[Mauranipur]], [[Jhansi district]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| notable_works = Over a thousand Phaag (folk songs), Chaukaria Phag
| period =
| parents = Bholanath Arjariya (father)
| other_names = Isuri Babba, Hartal Isuri, Isuri Prasad
| influenced_by =
| influenced =
| awards =
}}
'''Isuri''' (1838—1909) is a [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] poet from [[Bundelkhand]] region. He is credited with having composed over a thousand Phaag, a form of folk songs.<ref name="pio">{{cite news |title=life of poet Isuri depicted through play Hansa Ud Chal Des Birane |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/state-editions/life-of-poet-isuri-depicted-through-play-hansa-ud-chal-des-birane.html |publisher=The Pioneer |date=July 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=बुन्देली लोक का काव्यात्मक उछाह: ईसुरी |journal=ईसुरी |url=https://dhsgsu.edu.in/images/Reading-Material/Hindi/ISHURI-SM-.pdf |publisher=Bundeli Peeth, Department of Hindi, [[Dr. Hari Singh Gour University]], Sagar, Madhya Pradesh |issn=0976-5778 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Chanda Ben |author2=Rajendra Yadav |title=लोक जीवन के प्रहरी ईसुरी एवं उनका फाग काव्य |url=https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000018HI/P001545/M017652/ET/1475744614HND_P6_M-33_LokJivanKePrahariIsuriAurUnkaFaag-Kavya.pdf |publisher=Hindi Department, [[Dr. Hari Singh Gour University]] |pages=36, 37, 38, 39}}</ref>

The poetic works of Isuri have gained widespread acclaim among the people of the Bundelkhand region. His four-lined compositions, known as Chaukaria Phag, have become integral to the local folk musical tradition of the [[Bundelkhand region]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. Gajrani |title=History, Religion and Culture of India Volume 5 |publisher=Isha Books |isbn=9788182050648 |page=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T02CC0ihCmcC&dq=isuri+poet&pg=PA145}}</ref>

== Life ==

Isuri was born in the village of Mendki in the present-day [[Mauranipur]] tehsil of [[Jhansi district]] in the state of Uttar Pradesh. He was popularly known as Isuri Babba.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Isha Basant Joshi |author1-link=Isha Basant Joshi |title=Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Jhansi |date=1965 |publisher=Department of District Gazetteers, U. P., Lucknow |page=283 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.08752/page/283/mode/2up?q=Isuri}}</ref> His full name was Hartal Isuri or Isuri Prasad. He was a contemporary of Pandit Gangadhar Vyas during the [[Bharatendu Harishchandra|Bharatendu]] era.<ref name="loksahitya"/>

Isuri's father was named Bholanath Arjariya. After losing his parents in childhood, he was raised in his maternal grandmother's house. His ancestors originated from the [[Orchha State]] and later settled in Mendki village. The house where Isuri lived still stands in Mendki village of Mauranipur tehsil.<ref name="isuri">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Dushyant |title=अपनी धरती अपने लाल : बुंदेलखंड के कबीर थे लोककवि ईसुरी, काव्य-शैली ने बनाया औरों से अलग |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/apni-dharti-apne-lal-folk-poet-isuri-isuri-was-kabir-of-bundelkhand?pageId=1 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=July 6, 2021 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

He chose to write about the ongoing situation, creating awareness among the people of Bundelkhand against [[British Raj|British rule]]. His romantic poetry was inspired by a girl named Rajjo or Rajau. Isuri also wrote about the culture and traditions of Bundelkhand.<ref name="pio"/> His works are recognized for their authentic representation of rural culture and beauty.<ref name="loksahitya">Lok Sahitya Evam Lok Sanskruti, Editor: Dr. Rajkumar Singh, Edition: First, 2012, Publisher: Ashish Publication, Kanpur, Page: 205, {{ISBN|978-81-89457-57-0}}.</ref>

Numerous books featuring collections of Isuri's poetry and phaag have been published by various government and literary organizations, including [[Sahitya Akademi]], Bundelkhand Sahitya Akademi, [[Adivasi Lok Kala Academy]], and Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Parishad.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Narmadā Prasāda Gupta |title=Loka-kavi Īsurī aura unakā sāhitya |date=1984 |publisher=Bundelakhaṇḍa Sāhitya Akādamī, Chatarapura}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Īsurī |author2=Aśoka Miśra |author3=Lokendra Siṃha Nāgara |title=Īsurī kā phāga sāhitya (Selected works of Īsurī, 1824-1909, Bundeli poet; text with Hindi prose translation) |date=2004 |publisher=Ādivāsī Loka Kalā Akādamī : Madhyapradeśa Saṃskr̥ti Parishad, Bhopāl}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Dayā Dīkshita |title=Phāga loka ke Īsurī : upanyāsa (Novel about the life of Īsurī, 1824-1909, Bundeli poet) |date=2020 |publisher=Saṃskaraṇa prathama |isbn=9789389220872}}</ref>

== Legend ==
In 2013, the [[Madhya Pradesh School of Drama]] (MPSD) students performed the play ''Hansa Ud Chal Des'', depicting the life of Isuri, at the Ravindra Bhavan Auditorium, Bhopal.<ref name="pio"/> A research institute, Isuri Shodh Sansthan, was established in his village Mendki, but due to government neglect, it has since been closed.<ref name="isuri"/>

Under the [[Madhya Pradesh government]], the Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Academy has established the Isuri Puraskar, an annual literary award recognizing writers or poets for their noteworthy contributions to Bundeli folk poetry and literature.<ref>{{cite news |title=म.प्र. साहित्य अकादमी ने देश की 121 हस्तियों को किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.samachar4media.com/media-forum-news/mp-sahitya-akademi-awarded-121-celebrities-of-the-country-at-the-decoration-ceremony-in-bhopal-60690.html |work=Samachar4media.com |date=July 27, 2023 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://readerblogs.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/Samvaad-village/isuri-holi-in-bundelkhand/ बुन्देलखण्ड में ईसुरी का फागुन !]
* [https://samtamarg.in/memory-of-bundeli-dialect-poet-isuri/ बुन्देली बोली के कवि ईसुरी की याद]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Isuri}}
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:Poets from British India]]
[[Category:People from Jhansi district]]
[[Category:People from Bundelkhand]]

Kurangani

2026-01-25T14:05:26Z

Timesofmillionaire: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Distinguish|Kuranganayani}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Kurangani hills.jpg|thumb|Kurangani hills]]'''Kurangani''' is a [[hill station]] atop the [[Western Ghats]] accessed from [[Bodinayakkanur]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Kurangani literally means " The place which wears monkeys as its jewels" in Tamil. It has estates that grow [[coconut]], [[mangoe]]s, all [[spices]], and [[coffee]]. Trekking in the hills also substantially contributes to the economy of Kurangani.

== Geography ==
A mountain stream passes between Kurangani mountains in the east and [[Kolukkumalai]] in the west. The hills are characterized by frequently-changing weather, low-hanging clouds, chilly atmosphere and strong winds, and are home to a wide range of flora and fauna including Indian [[gaur]]s, [[barking deer]], [[langur]]s, [[wild cat]]s, [[leopard]]s and [[tiger]]s.

Kurangani has more than 6 small streams. All join into the Kottakudi River, where they then flow into [[Vaigai Dam]].

== Attractions ==
The Kurangani Hills near [[Bodinayakkanur]] in [[Theni district]] are suitable for trekking and nature walks.

Attractions include the Kurangani [[Top Station]], that gives views of the Kolukkumalai tea estate, the world's highest [[tea plantation]] at an altitude {{Convert|8,000|ft}} above sea level.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=K.V.Thangakala Lodge & Residency |url=https://www.thangakalaresidency.com/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=K.V.Thangakala Lodge & Residency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kurangani Top Station {{!}} Theni District {{!}} India |url=https://theni.nic.in/tourist-place/kuranganitopstation/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kurangani Hills - Camping with Trekking |url=https://www.treksandtrails.org/tours/kurangani-hills-camping-with-trekking |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=Treks and Trails India |language=en}}</ref> The station is currently only reachable via [[Poombarai]] and [[Munnar]] in [[Kerala]]. A stone foundation was laid in 1989 to provide a route via Kurangani, but no further construction has taken place. This has caused anger from local farmers, who have staged protests and submitted petitions calling for the route's completion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramanujam |first=Jeyalakshmi |date=2024-04-18 |title=Kurangani -Top Station road in TN's Theni remains a dream despite repeating poll promises |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Apr/18/kurangani-top-station-road-in-tns-theni-remains-a-dream-despite-repeating-poll-promises |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2018 a wildfire broke out on the Kurangani Hills, killing 36 people.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-11 |title=Kurangani forest fire victims remembered |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/fire/article34045443.ece |access-date=2025-06-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A subsequent investigation blamed the Environment and Forest Department for the incident, citing poor training of hike organisers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jesudasan |first=Dennis S. |date=2018-07-13 |title=Kurangani fire: case of wanton negligence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kurangani-fire-case-of-wanton-negligence/article24414998.ece |access-date=2025-06-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As a result of the incident, the state of Tamil Nadu closed all trekking routes, only reopening them again in 2024 after significant upgrades.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shenoy |first=Sanjana |date=2024-06-28 |title=Tamil Nadu Allows Trekking Again, 6 Years After Tragic Kurangani Fire That Claimed 36 Lives |url=https://curlytales.com/tamil-nadu-allows-trekking-again-6-years-after-tragic-kurangani-fire-that-claimed-36-lives/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=Curly Tales |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Kollukumali - panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|Kollukumalai]]The films ''Alagar Samiyin Kuthurai'', ''Myna'' and ''Kumki'' were shot there.<ref name=":0" />

Samabalaru falls is the source of Kottakudi river which serves the drinking water needs of [[Bodinayakanur]].<ref name=":0" />

The central village has a population of 200 people and 50 houses. Lodging is available in Top Station, Bodinayakanur and Munnar. along with two cottages in the central village.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hills of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu]]

Bibipur

2026-01-23T09:00:43Z

Timesofmillionaire: Added some stub from scratch

{{Short description|Village in Haryana, India}}
{{Distinguish|Bibi Pur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bibipur
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jind district]]
| governing_body = [[Panchayati raj]]
| population_total = 4888
| population_as_of = 2011
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number| PIN code]]
| postal_code = 126102
}}
'''Bibipur''' is a village and [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] in [[Jind district]] of [[Haryana]], India. It is situated 8km away from [[Jind]], which is both district & sub-district headquarter of the village.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dsouza |first=Krystelle |date=2024-09-20 |title=His Daughter’s Birth Turned Him Into a Feminist: Sunil Jaglan’s Fight Against Female Foeticide |url=https://thebetterindia.com/366915/sunil-jaglan-selfie-with-daughter-bibipur-village-haryana-daughters-day-women-empowerment-female-foeticide/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अनोखी है हरियाणा के इस गांव की कहानी, देशभर में पहुंच रही है यहां से बदलाव की बयार - Jind village bibipur became famous across country and children will read story of change jagran special |url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/panchkula-jind-village-bibipur-became-famous-across-country-and-children-will-read-story-of-change-jagran-special-20468991.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-07-14 |title=इतिहास रचने की ओर हरियाणा का बीबीपुर गांव |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/har-har-amb-bibipur-village-of-haryana-to-create-history-3521434.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515031244/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/HAR-HAR-AMB-bibipur-village-of-haryana-to-create-history-3521434.html |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=2025-01-05 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to [[2011 census of India]] information the location code or village code of Bibipur is 060122 and the [[Postal Index Number|Pin (Postal) code]] is 126102.<ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=Bibipur Pin Code - 126102, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search jind Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/haryana/jind/bibipur-pincode-126102.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India - PCA TV: Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Haryana - District Jind - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6268 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

Bibipur village is known for the [[Bibipur Model]] and other women empowerment initiatives launched by a former [[sarpanch]] of the village [[Sunil Jaglan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-21 |title=Bibipur village is now 'the women's world' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bibipur-village-is-now-the-women-s-world/story-GKxEFpRx6zODqIvZicSVOM.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916171508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bibipur-village-is-now-the-women-s-world/story-GKxEFpRx6zODqIvZicSVOM.html |archive-date=16 September 2016 |access-date=2025-01-05 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-23 |title=Haryana: Bibipur model of women empowerment to be introduced in 100 villages adopted by President |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/haryana-bibipur-model-to-be-introduced-in-100-villages-adopted-by-president-4669140/lite/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
*[[Sunil Jaglan]], social activist<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Yasir |first=Sameer |date=2023-08-04 |title=Where ‘No One Wanted Girls,’ a Dad in India Takes On the Patriarchy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/world/asia/sunil-jaglan-india-haryana-womens-rights.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*Deepa Dhull, social worker<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Jind district]]

Sleep (Sher-Gil)

2026-01-12T03:43:24Z

Timesofmillionaire: made some details w/ refs.

{{Short description|1933 painting by Amrita Sher-Gil}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Sleep
| other_language_1 =
| other_title_1 =
| other_language_2 =
| other_title_2 =
| wikidata =
| image = Painting Sleep 1932.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| artist = [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]
| year = 1933
| completion_date =
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| height_metric = 112.5
| width_metric = 79
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| imperial_unit = in 
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| museum = [[National Gallery of Modern Art]]
| city = New Delhi
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}}

'''''Sleep''''', also called '''''Indu's Nude''''' or '''''Nude of Indira''''', is an [[oil on canvas]] painting by [[Amrita Sher-Gil]], completed in 1933. It depicts a view from above of Sher-Gil's younger sister [[Indira Sundaram|Indira]], naked and lying on a white sheet at a diagonal, and with one raised arm. Just beneath her is a shawl depicting a dragon, whose body appears to flow in parallel with the flow of her hair and body curves.

Sher-Gil started the painting in 1932 in [[Paris]] while also painting a view from the top of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]]. Later, it was nearly sold to [[Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III|Nawab Salar Jung]] and was subsequently displayed at [[Amrita Sher-Gil's paintings at Lahore (1937)|her solo exhibition]] at [[Faletti's Hotel]] in [[Lahore]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], in 1937. In 1940, the painting was one of six of her works displayed at the Indian Academy of Fine Arts' Amritsar Exhibition. In 2007, it was shown at the Tate Gallery in London.

Although Sher-Gil and National Congressman [[Diwan Chaman Lall]] tried to sell the painting, it remained unsold, and is housed in the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]], [[New Delhi]].

==Origin and composition==
''Sleep'' is an oil on canvas painting by Amrita Sher-Gil, depicting her younger sister Indira.<ref name=Sundaram2010.80>Sundaram, pp. 79-81</ref> She started the painting in 1932 in Paris.<ref name=Sundaram2010.80/> In June 1932, she wrote to her mother that she was a workaholic painting a view from the top of Notre-Dame de Paris during the day and ''Sleep'' all night. She wrote:<ref name=Sundaram2010.80/>
<blockquote>These days I am painting a view from the top of the Notre Dame... From 6 O'clock in the evening until there is light I am painting a nude of Indu. You see, I work like a madman, no time even to think.</blockquote>

The painting is a view of Indira from above. She is lying naked and at a diagonal, on a white sheet, with her left arm raised.<ref name=Ananth2007>{{Cite book |last=Ananth |first=Deepak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vd7qAAAAMAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Family of the Twentieth Century |date=2007 |publisher=Schirmer/Mosel |isbn=978-3-8295-0270-2 |pages=18 |language=en}}</ref> Just beneath her is a shawl depicting a dragon that appears to copy the flow of her hair and body curves.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9NIOAQAAMAAJ |title=Art India: The Art News Magazine of India |date=2007 |publisher=Art India Publishing Company |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Singh2011>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Nikky-Guninder Kaur |author-link=Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh|title=Sikhism: An Introduction |date=2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84885-320-1 |page=241 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8daLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT241 |location=New York|language=en}}</ref>

==Exhibitions and sales==
In December 1936, the painting was displayed at the exhibition hall in the [[Public Gardens, Hyderabad]].<ref name=Sundaram2010.266>Sundaram, pp. 266-270</ref> There, the wealthy art collector, Nawab Salar Jung, requested that it be delivered to him, along with ''[[Three Girls (painting)|Three Girls]]'' (1935).<ref name=Sundaram2010.271>Sundaram, pp. 271-285</ref> Hoping that he would purchase it, Sher-Gil also sent him the ''Villagers'' and extended her visit.<ref name=Sundaram2010.271/>{{efn|Dalmia names the nude sent as the ''[[Reclining Nude (1933)|Reclining Nude]]'', but Sher-Gil's letter to Indira dated 5 January 1937 clarifies that it was the nude of Indu.<ref name=Sundaram2010.271/><ref name=Dalmia2013.80>Dalmia, p. 80</ref>}} In January 1937, she wrote to Indira that "I may have sold your nude and the group of young girls to the Nawab Salar Jung, after the Nizam the richest man in [[Hyderabad]], if I were a sycophant".<ref name=Sundaram2010.271/> However, after keeping them for several days, the Nawab returned the paintings, commenting that he had "no use for these [[Cubism|Cubist]] pictures".<ref name=Sundaram2010.271/><ref name=Dalmia2013.80/>

The painting was number 17 of 33 of Sher-Gil's works displayed at her solo exhibition at Faletti's Hotel in Lahore, British India, held from 21 to 27 November 1937.<ref name=Sundaram2010.422>Sundaram, pp. 422-424</ref> There, it was priced at ₹1,000 but did not sell.<ref name=Sundaram2010.422/> Writing from Budapest on 8 October 1938, Sher-Gil told her parents that she had left the painting she called "''Indu's Nude''" with the Indian National Congressman and her friend [[Diwan Chaman Lall]] "to see if he could palm it off on someone but he wasn't successful".<ref name=Sundaram2010.522>Sundaram, pp. 522-523</ref> In 1940, the painting was one of six of her works displayed at the [[Indian Academy of Fine Arts]]' Amritsar Exhibition, held from 31 October to 10 November, to raise money for the War Fund.<ref name=Sundaram2010.684>Sundaram, pp. 684-685</ref>

Housed at the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi, ''Sleep'' was part of the 2007 exhibition held at the [[Tate Modern|Tate Gallery]] in London.<ref name=Sooke2007>{{cite news |last1=Sooke |first1=Alastair |title=Laid bare - the free spirit of Indian art |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3663362/Laid-bare-the-free-spirit-of-Indian-art.html |access-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217072608/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3663362/Laid-bare-the-free-spirit-of-Indian-art.html|archive-date=17 December 2023|work=The Telegraph |date=24 February 2007 |language=en}}</ref>

==Response==
According to scholar [[Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh]], the painting calls to mind [[Édouard Manet]]'s ''[[Olympia (Manet)|Olympia]]''.<ref name=Singh2011/> Former director of the [[Ernst Museum]], [[Katalin Keserü]], who curated several Sher-Gil exhibitions, notes that unlike most of her other nudes, ''Sleep'' and ''[[Reclining Nude (1933)|Reclining Nude]]'' (1933) appear as if possibly painted by a man.<ref name=Keserü>{{cite book |last1=Keserü |first1=Katalin |editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Yashodhara |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life : a reader |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809886-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7W4oAEACAAJ&pg=PA80 |language=en |chapter=8. Amrita Sher-Gil: the Indian painter and her French and Hungarian connections|pages=80–81}}</ref> She describes ''Sleep'' as a "perfect composition".<ref name=Keserü/>

==See also==
*[[List of paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book |last=Dalmia|first=Yashodhara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj3mlgEACAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Gurugram |isbn=978-0-14-342026-2 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=1|pages=1–417|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2|pages=418–821|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}

{{Amrita Sher-Gil}}

[[Category:1933 paintings]]
[[Category:Nude paintings of women]]
[[Category:Oil paintings on canvas]]
[[Category:Paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]
[[Category:Portraits of women]]
[[Category:Paintings in India]]
[[Category:Dragons in art]]
[[Category:Sleep in art]]

Anushka Shahaney

2026-01-08T00:49:55Z

Timesofmillionaire: Added basic info w/ sources

{{short description|Indian singer and songwriter and girlfriend of swapnadeep podder}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anushka Shahaney (Anushqa)
| image =
| caption = Anushka Shahaney in a black jacket
| occupation = Singer, songwriter
| known_for = The Stage(contestant) [[Stay a Little Longer with Me]] [[Lost Without You (2017 song)|Lost Without You]], Something in Common, Ecstasy, Woman Like Me, Hear Me
}}

'''Anushka Shahaney''' (Anushqa) is an Indian singer and songwriter who has written and sung "[[Lost Without You (2017 song)|Lost Without You]]" (written also) and "[[Stay a Little Longer with Me]]" in the film [[Half Girlfriend]], both of the songs were picturised on [[Shraddha Kapoor]] and gained popularity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/discussion/378546/may-week-2-meri-pyaari-bindu-and-half-girlfriend-songs-bag-top|title=May Week 2: Meri Pyaari Bindu and Half Girlfriend songs bag top positions on music charts|author=Urvi Parikh|date=15 May 2017|accessdate=26 June 2017|archive-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330102407/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/discussion/378546/may-week-2-meri-pyaari-bindu-and-half-girlfriend-songs-bag-top|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="interview">{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/half-girlfriend-music-review-baarish-and-thodi-der-are-the-only-soulful-numbers-from-arjun-kapoor-and-shraddha-kapoors-next-2091183/|title=India.com: Half Girlfriend music review|author=Praachi Kulkarni|date=10 May 2017|accessdate=25 June 2017}}</ref> in [[Half Girlfriend]] (2017).<ref name=d>[http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/press-releases/170621-anushka-shahaney-the-voice-behind Meet Anushka Shahaney who churned out two hits in Half Girlfriend]</ref>

==Early life==
Anushka Shahaney is trained in Western classical music from Trinity College, London and is training in Indian classical singing.<ref name=d/>

==Career==
Shahaney hails from [[Mumbai]]. She participated in the first season of the show ‘The Stage’ and made it to the final. She received praises by the panel of judges. Later, she was given a chance by director [[Mohit Suri]] for his film [[Half Girlfriend]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/anushka-shahaney-i-feel-like-my-reality-show-experience-was-one-of-the-most-impromptu-things-nothing-was-scripted/articleshow/65756649.cms|title=Anushka Shahaney: I feel like my reality show experience was one of the most impromptu things; nothing was scripted – Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> Both the songs ‘Stay A Little Longer’ and ‘Lost Without You’ from ‘Half Girlfriend’ have done very well. Mohit Suri praised her quoting, "I look forward to work with her again soon. She's constantly evolving as an artist and I think she has a very promising career ahead of her".<ref name=d/>

==Filmography==
===Playback singer===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Composer
|-
|rowspan="2"|2017
|rowspan="2"|[[Half Girlfriend (film)|Half Girlfriend]]
| Lost Without You || [[Ami Mishra]] & Anushka Shahaney || Kunaal Vermaa & Anushka Shahaney || [[Ami Mishra]]
|-
| Stay a Little Longer || Anushka Shahaney || Anushka Shahaney & [[Ishita Moitra]] || [[Farhan Saeed]]
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Award !! Song !! Film !! Result
|-
| 2018 || [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year]]<ref>[http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/ Nominations of Mirchi Music Awards 2018]</ref> || Stay a Little Longer || [[Half Girlfriend (film)|Half Girlfriend]] || {{nom}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahaney, Anushka}}
[[Category:Indian women songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Guru Gobind Singh Marg

2025-12-12T20:54:46Z

Timesofmillionaire: minor edit

{{Short description|Historical route taken by Guru Gobind Singh}}
[[Image:GGS_Marg_Map.jpg|thumb|right|Map of the route]]{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}
'''Guru Gobind Singh Marg''' is the historical route taken by the tenth Sikh guru [[Gobind Singh]] from [[Anandpur Sahib]] to [[Talwandi Sabo]] in 1705, considered a holy journey in [[Sikhism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/historical-gate-of-guru-gobind-singh-marg-cries-for-attention-712530|title = Historical gate of Guru Gobind Singh Marg cries for attention}}</ref> The 47 day journey is notable in the history of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santsipahee.com/chamkaur.php |title=Time period at Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib |publisher=santsipahee.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref> It measures about 577 kilometres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurugobindsinghmarg.org/home/map.htm |title=Route map |publisher=Gurugobindsinghmarg.org |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File: Guru Gobind Singh Marg 1972 by Trilok Singh Chitarkar.jpg|thumb|Guru Gobind Singh Marg map, 1972]]
Guru Gobind Singh Marg was inaugurated on April 10, 1973, with the efforts of [[Giani Zail Singh]], then the [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurugobindsinghmarg.org/home/heritage/heritage_preserved.htm |title=Heritage preserved |publisher=Gurugobindsinghmarg.org |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=Robin |title=What’s Happening to India?: Punjab, Ethnic Conflict, and the Test for Federalism |date=Jul 27, 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781349234103 |pages=126–129 |chapter=Resolutions from Anandpur Sahib}}</ref> In 2006 it was proposed the road be extended to [[Nanded]], Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/15/stories/2006041513650300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512092931/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/15/stories/2006041513650300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-05-12 |title=Other States / Punjab News : Guru Gobind Singh Marg to be extended to Nanded |date=2006-04-15 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref>

== Prominent landmarks ==
[[Image:Guru Gobind Singh Marg.JPG|thumb|right]]
Prominent Gurdwaras connected by this highway are [[Anandpur Sahib]], [[Parivar Vichora]], [[Kotla_Nihang_Khan#Gurduara_Bhatha_Sahib|Bhatha Sahib]], [[Chamkaur Sahib]], [[Machhiwara]], [[Manji Sahib|Alamgir Sahib]], [[Raikot]], Dina Kangar, [[Kotkapura]], [[Muktsar]] and [[Talwandi Sabo]].

== See also ==
* [[Battle of Chamkaur]]
* [[Battle of Muktsar]]
* [[Saka Sirhind]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sikhism}}

{{coord missing|Punjab (India)}}

[[Category:Sikh places]]
[[Category:Memorials to Guru Gobind Singh]]
[[Category:Roads in Punjab, India]]

{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}
{{sikhism-stub}}

Solapur–Guntakal section

2025-11-30T13:59:53Z

Timesofmillionaire: made a post first draft.

{{short description|Part of the Mumbai–Chennai line}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = Solapur–Guntakal section
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Wadi Junction.jpg
| caption = Wadi Junction, an important railway station on Solapur–Guntakal section
| type =
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Solapur}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Guntakal}}
| stations =
| routes = [[Mumbai–Chennai line]] [[Mahabubnagar–Munirabad_railway_line|Mahabubnagar-Munirabad line]]
| daily_ridership =
| open = {{start date and age|1871}}
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]], [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway]], [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]
| character =
| depot = Guntakal
| stock = [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]], WDM-3A, WDM-3D and WDG-3A locos
| linelength =
| tracklength = Main line: {{convert|379|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Branch lines: Solapur–Gadag: {{convert|301|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Wadi–Secunderabad: {{convert|185|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Vikrabad–Bidar: {{convert|91|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracks = 2/1
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| electrification = [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV 50 Hz AC]] [[overhead line]]s (Mumbai–Pune, Kalaburagi–Chennai)
| speed = Main line: up to 130 km/h
| elevation = Main line: {{stnlnk|Solapur}} {{convert|461|m|ft}} Branch line: {{stnlnk|Bijapur}} {{convert|597|m|ft}}
| website =
| map = {{Solapur–Guntakal section}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The '''Solapur–Guntakal section''' (also known as Solapur–Guntakal line) is part of the [[Mumbai–Chennai line]]. It connects {{stnlnk|Solapur}} in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] and {{stnlnk|Guntakal}} in [[Andhra Pradesh]].

==History==
[[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]], opened the Pune–Raichur sector of the Mumbai–Chennai line in stages: the portion from Pune to Barshi Road was opened in 1859, from Barshi Road to Mohol in 1860 and from Mohol to Solapur also in 1860. Work on the line from Solapur southwards was begun in 1865 and the line was extended to Raichur in 1871. Thus the line met the line of [[Madras Railway]] thereby establishing direct Mumbai–Chennai link.<ref name="IR History: Early Days – II">{{cite web | url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html | title = IR History: Early Days – II | last = Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1870–1899)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date= 3 December 2013}}</ref>

[[Madras Railway]] extended its trunk route to Beypur / Kadalundi (near Calicut) and initiated work on a north-western branch out of [[Arakkonam Junction railway station|Arakkonam]] in 1861. The branch line reached Renigunta in 1862,<ref name="IR History: Early Days – I">{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html| title = IR History: Early Days – I : Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1832–1865)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date= 20 March 2014}}</ref> and to {{stnlnk|Raichur}} in 1871, where it connected to the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] line from Mumbai.<ref name="IR History: Early Days – II"/>

The kalaburagi–Secunderabad line was built in 1874 by the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]].<ref name="IR History: Early Days – II"/>

The [[metre gauge]] Gadag–Hotgi section was opened in 1884 by the [[Southern Mahratta Railway]].<ref name="IR History: Early Days – II"/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://solapur.gov.in/htmldocs/1977/comm_railways.html |title = Sholapur District Gazetteer| publisher= Gazetteer department | access-date = 9 December 2013 }}</ref> The line was converted to {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://newsonprojects.com/story.asp?news_code=9092 |title = Work completed on Gadag–Bagalkot gauge conversion | publisher= News on Projects.com, 8 December 2008 | access-date = 9 December 2013 }}</ref>

The Vikrabad–Bidar {{track gauge|1676mm}}-wide {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] line was opened in 1932.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karunadu.gov.in/gazetteer/HandbookKarnataka2010/Chapter%20VII%20Transport%20and%20Communications.pdf |title=Chapter VII – Transport and Communications |work=Railway lines opened for traffic in the state since 1861, page 290 |publisher=Karnataka Government |access-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826085621/http://www.karunadu.gov.in/gazetteer/HandbookKarnataka2010/Chapter%20VII%20Transport%20and%20Communications.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2013 }}</ref>

The {{convert|58|km|abbr=on}} long Raichur–Gadwal railway track was opened in 2013. Gadwal is on the Dhone–Kacheguda line.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Gadwal-Raichur-rail-line-opening-today/2013/10/12/article1832403.ece |title = Gadwal-Raichur rail line opening| work= The New Indian Express|date=12 October 2013 | access-date = 9 December 2013 }}</ref>

The {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} long Kalaburagi–Bidar railway track was opened in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railnews.in/prime-minister-dedicates-new-bidar-gulbarga-railway-line-to-the-nation-flags-off-demu-train-service/|title=Prime Minister dedicates New Bidar–Gulbarga Railway Line to the Nation; Flags off DEMU Train Service – RailNews Media India Ltd}}</ref>

==Electrification==
The fully electrification complictíon.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.railpost.in/march-2021-when-the-mumbai-chennai-railway-route-will-be-fully-doubled-electrified/|title=March 2021: When the Mumbai–Chennai Railway Route Will Be Fully Doubled, Electrified|date=1 September 2020}}</ref> The Kalaburgi-Hotgi section got electrified in March 2021.<ref name="auto"/> The Kalaburgi-Wadi section was electrified in 2018 and electrification between Guntakal–Wadi section was completed in the year 2015. With this, the Mumbai Chennai section is fully electrified. In September 2022, the entire Mumbai-Chennai section was also doubled.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/indian-railways-announce-completion-of-doubling-electrification-in-mumbai-chennai-sector-23244042 | title=Indian Railways announce completion of doubling, electrification in Mumbai-Chennai sector | date=3 September 2022 }}</ref>

==Speed limit==
The Kalyan–Pune–Daund-Wadi–Secunderabad–Kazipet line and the Wadi–Adoni-Arrakonam–Chennai Central line are classified as 'Group B' lines and can take speeds up to {{convert|130|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/IRPWM/PermanentWayManualCh2_data.htm |title = Chapter II – The Maintenance of Permanent Way| access-date = 9 December 2013}}</ref>

==Sheds==
Guntakal diesel loco shed was started as a metre-gauge shed but after gauge conversions in Guntakal and Hubballi divisions, it was converted to broad-gauge shed in 1995. It houses [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]], WDM-3A, WDM-3D and WDG-3A locos. There is a routine overhaul depot for wagon maintenance at Raichur and a coaching maintenance depot at Guntakal.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed.html |title = Sheds and Workshops| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 9 December 2013}}</ref> A new electric shed is under construction and almost complete at Guntakal. Gooty has now a Diesel cum Electric shed and now homes around 30 high-power freight 3-phase WAG-9 locos.

==Passenger movement==
{{stnlnk|Solapur}} is the only station on this line which is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |title=Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry |work=Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways |publisher=IRFCA |access-date=9 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510115649/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |archive-date=10 May 2014 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/solapur-sur/147 Trains at Solapur]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/wadi-junction-wadi/145 Trains at Wadi]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/raichur-junction-rc/144 Trains at Raichur]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/guntakal-junction-gtl/141 Trains at Guntakal]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/gulbarga-gr/146 Trains at Gulbarga]
{{Railways in Southern India}}
{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Solapur - Guntakal section}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Solapur railway division|*]]
[[Category:Guntakal railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Guntakal]]
[[Category:Transport in Solapur]]

State legislatures of India

2025-11-23T12:51:41Z

Timesofmillionaire: adding basic data added tags

[[File:State Legislature of India.png|thumb|Map shows states having Bicameral and Unicameral Legislature in India.]]
The State Legislature is the law-making body of the State. The '''State legislatures of India''' comprises the State Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council, both of which function by researching, writing, and passing the legislation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prep |first=BYJU'S Exam |date=2023-10-17 |title=State Legislature: Powers, Functions {{!}} State Legislative Assembly |url=https://byjusexamprep.com/upsc-exam/state-legislature |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=BYJU'S Exam Prep |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Powers and Functions of State Legislature |url=https://gkchronicle.com/polity/Legislative-procedure-in-state-legislature-in-India.php |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=GK Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
*[[State legislative councils of India|State Legislative Councils]]
*[[State legislative assemblies of India|State Legislative Assemblies]]

==See also==
*[[Legislatures of British India]]
{{set index article}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:State legislatures of India| ]]

Earl Spencer (1795 EIC ship)

2025-11-18T01:49:42Z

Timesofmillionaire: Done

{{other ships|Earl Spencer (ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image =
| image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| country=British East India Company
| flag=[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|60px]]
| name = ''Earl Spencer''
| namesake =
| owner =*Voyages #1-3: James Duncan
*Voyage #4: Moses Agar
*Voyage #5: Thomas Welladvice
*Voyages #6-7: Martin Lindsay
| operator =
| ordered =
| builder = Perry, Blackwall
| original_cost =
| laid_down =
| launched = 18 July 1795{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=102}}
| acquired =
| commissioned =
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| honours =
| honors =
| captured =
| fate =
| notes = The National Archives splits the eight voyages ''Earl Spencer'' made for the East India Company (EIC) under three sets of records. Hackman has only the middle six, which the British Library groups together under "''Earl Spencer'' (2)", but has a number of references to owners, masters, and dates that make it clear that voyages 1-7 below are the same vessel.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=102}} Hackman also states that after voyage #7, the government chartered ''Earl Spencer'' for a voyage transporting convicts to Australia. Her return voyage was her eighth for the EIC. Bateson states that ''Earl Spencer'' was launched on the Thames in 1803.{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|pp=290-1}} However, there is no evidence for this and Bateson may simply have mistaken changes in ownership and repairs around 1803 for a new vessel.
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =<ref name=BL2/>
| class =
| tons_burthen = 644, or 644{{small|{{frac|34|94}}}},{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=102}} 672,{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|pp=290-1}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
| length =*{{convert|135|ft|7|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (overall)
*{{convert|110|ft|7+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (keel)
| beam = {{convert|33|ft|2|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
| draught =
| draft =
| hold_depth = {{convert|13|ft|8|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
| propulsion = Sail
| sail_plan =
| complement =*1795: 40<ref name=LoM/>
*1797: 30?<ref name=LoM/>
*1803: 80<ref name=LoM/>
*1813:54
| armament =*1795: 14 × 9-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
*1797: 30 × 6 & 9-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
*1803: 30 × 6 & 9-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
*1813:16 guns
| notes =
}}
}}

'''''Earl Spencer''''' was an [[East Indiaman]], launched in 1795 for the British [[East India Company]] (EIC). She made seven voyages for the EIC until in 1811-12 the government took her up to transport [[convict]]s to Australia in 1813. On her return voyage from Australia she sailed via China, where she carried a cargo back to England for the EIC.

==EIC voyages==
As most of her voyages took place during wartime, ''Earl Spencer'' frequently sailed under a [[letter of marque]] that authorized her to engage in offensive actions against the French, not just defensive. When the vessel changed masters, a new letter was issued. The outbreak of war after a period of peace also required a new letter.

===EIC voyage #1 (1795-96)===
Captain Thomas Denton left [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|The Downs]] on 26 September 1795, bound for [[Bengal]]. His letter of marque had been issued on 5 September.<ref name=LoM>{{Cite web |url=http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf |title=Letter of Marque, p.60 - accessed 25 July 2017. |access-date=11 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020052005/http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 20 Feb 1796 ''Earl Spencer'' reached [[Khejuri II#Khijri|Kedgeree]]. Homeward bound, she was at [[Sagar Island|Saugor]] on 3 April, reached [[False Bay]] on 12 August and the [[Cape of Good Hope|Cape]] on 4 September. She arrived at Crookhaven on 27 November and Long Reach on 16 December.<ref name=BL>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001114924 British Library: ''Earl Spencer'' (1)].</ref>

===EIC voyage #2 (1797-99)===
[[File:Portrait of Captain Rait in the uniform of the East India Company (by Adam Buck).jpg|thumb|Portrait of Captain Charles Raitt in the uniform of the East India Company by [[Adam Buck]], London 1800]]
Captain Charles Raitt left Portsmouth on 5 June 1797 for [[Chennai|Madras]] and Bengal. He had a letter of marque issued on 13 March 1797.<ref name=LoM/> ''Earl Spencer'' reached Simons Bay on 4 September and Madras on 2 December. She arrived at Kedgeree on 26 January 1798. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 20 April, Simons Bay on 22 August, the Cape on 30 September, and [[Saint Helena|St Helena]] on 17 November. She arrived at The Downs on 3 February 1799.<ref name=BL2>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001114925 British Library: ''Earl Spencer'' (2)].</ref>

===EIC voyage #3 (1800-01)===
Captain Charles Raitt left Portsmouth on 28 June 1800, bound for Bengal. ''Earl Spencer'' arrived at Kedgeree on 8 January 1801. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 7 April.<ref name=BL2/> She left in company with {{ship||Lord Walsingham|1786 EIC ship|2}} and {{ship||Countess of Sutherland|1801 ship|2}}. The pilot left them on 12 April. ''Countess'' proved to be a much faster sailer than the two East Indiamen and parted from them on 8 April.<ref>''The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, A View of the History of Hindustan, and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia''. (1803) Vol. 4, pp.39-40.</ref>

''Earl Spencer'' reached St Helena on 4 August and arrived at the Downs on 1 November.<ref name=BL2/>

===EIC voyage #4 (1803-05)===
Charles Raitt was again captain of ''Earl Spencer'' on her third voyage. The [[Napoleonic Wars]] having broken out after the one year of peace following the [[Treaty of Amiens]], he received a new letter of marque on 8 June 1803.<ref name=LoM/> Raitt left Portsmouth on 30 June 1803, bound for Bengal. ''Earl Spencer'' reached Rio de Janeiro on 16 September.<ref name=BL2/><ref>''[[Lloyd's List]]'' [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005721504?urlappend=%3Bseq=245 №4432.]</ref>

The Indiamen ''Earl Spencer'', {{ship||Lord Melville|1803 EIC ship|2}}, ''Princess Mary'', {{ship||Northampton|1801 ship|2}}, ''Anna'', ''Ann'', {{ship||Glory|1802 ship|2}}, and ''Essex'' left Rio on 13 October. They were in company with the [[Seventy-four (ship)|74-gun]] [[third rate]] [[ships of the line]] {{HMS|Albion|1802|6}}, {{HMS|Sceptre|1802|6}}, and {{HMS|Russell|1764|6}}, and the [[fourth rate]] {{HMS|Grampus|1802|6}}. Three days later ''Albion'' and ''Sceptre'' separated from the rest of the ships.<ref>''[[Lloyd's List]]'', №4463.[http://www.1812privateers.org/LLOYDS/1804/06-19-1804.jpg] Accessed 13 August 2016.</ref>

''Earl Spencer'' arrived at [[Diamond Harbour]] on 11 February 1804. She was at Saugor on 26 April, and Madras on 16 August, before reaching St Helena on 31 December. She arrived at The Downs on 19 March 1805.<ref name=BL2/>

===EIC voyage #5 (1806-07)===
A change of captain meant a new letter of marque. Captain George Heming received a letter of marque on 21 July 1806.<ref name=LoM/> He sailed from Portsmouth on 9 August, bound for [[Mumbai|Bombay]]. ''Earl Spencer'' reached Rio de Janeiro on 13 November, the Cape on 15 January 1807, and Colombo on 5 April. She arrived at Bombay on 21 May. Homeward bound, she was at the Cape on 11 October, reached St Helena on 24 October, and arrived at the Downs on 29 December.<ref name=BL2/>

===EIC voyage #6 (1808-10)===
Captain George Heming sailed from Portsmouth on 10 June 1808, bound for Madras and Bengal. ''Earl Spencer'' was at Madeira on 24 June, and arrived at Diamond Harbour on 16 November.<ref name=BL2/> On the way she and {{ship||Monarch|1800 ship|2}} rescued all of the passengers and all but 16 of the crew of [[Travers (1800 ship)|''Travers'']], which had hit a rock on 7 November at {{coord|15|38|N|94|20|E}}.<ref>''Edinburgh Annual register'' (1809), pp.122-3.</ref>

On 2 January 1809 ''Earl Spencer'' was at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. There Heming joined Captain Kymer of {{ship||Lord Castlereagh|1802 EIC ship|2}} and Captain Hawes of ''Monarch'' in letters of protest against the [[Royal Navy]]'s [[impressment]] of seamen from the ships; ''Earl Spencer'' had lost 23 men, including some petty officers, out of her crew of 87 men to the Navy.<ref>''Papers relating to East India affairs'' (1810), p.49.</ref> ''Earl Spencer'' was at Saugor on 14 March.<ref name=BL2/>

On 2 May 1809 she departed from the Sandheads with a convoy of four other [[East Indiaman|Indiamen]] and several smaller vessels, all under the escort of [[French corvette Revenant|HMS ''Victor'']]. On 24 May a storm split the convoy and ''Victor'' and the small ships separately lost touch with the Indiamen. One of the five, {{ship||Monarch|1800 ship|2}}, had a leak that had worsened. She received permission on 25 May from Captain John Dale of {{ship||Streatham|1805 EIC ship|2}}, the senior EIC captain of the five vessels and so commodore, to sail to Penang. Hawes, ''Monarch''{{'}}s captain, requested that another of the Indiamen accompany him in case ''Monarch'' foundered. Dale detailed ''Earl Spencer'' to go with ''Monarch''. The three remaining Indiamen, ''Streatham'', {{ship||Europe|1803 EIC ship|2}}, and {{ship||Lord Keith|1804 ship|2}} continued on their way while hoping to meet up with ''Victor''. The French frigate {{ship|French frigate|Caroline|1806|2}} captured ''Streatham'' and ''Europe'' in the [[action of 31 May 1809]].<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 24 (July–December 1810), pp.76-80.</ref> ''Lord Keith'' too exchanged broadsides with ''Caroline'' and was damaged, however she escaped and sailed to Penang to repair.

''Monarch'' and ''Lord Spencer'' arrived at Penang on 4 June. ''Lord Keith'' arrived on 10 June. Repairs completed, all three then sailed together and reached St Helena on 14 November; they arrived at The Downs on 19 or 20 January 1810.<ref name=BL/>

===EIC voyage #7 (1810-11)===
Captain George Heming left Portsmouth on 9 June 1810 bound for Bengal. ''Earl Spencer'' reached Madeira on 25 June and arrived at Diamond Harbour on 12 December.<ref name=BL2/> {{HMS|Leda|1809|6}} escorted the Indiamen on the voyage, and on their arrival at Kedgeree on 15 December, Captain [[George Sayer (Royal Navy officer)|George Sayer]], captain of ''Leda'', wrote a letter of commendation for Heming and his officers for their conduct on the voyage.<ref>''The Asiatic Annual Register Or a View of the History of Hindustan and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia'' (1812), p. 68.</ref> On 3 February 1811 ''Earl Spencer'' was at Saugor, and on 20 February she was at Madras. She reached St Helena on 16 June and arrived at The Downs on 30 August.<ref name=BL2/>

The government then took up ''Earl Spencer'' to transport convicts to Australia.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=102}}

==Convict transport and EIC voyage #8==
Under the command of William Mitchell, ''Earl Spencer'' left England on 2 June 1813. She sailed via [[Madeira]], escorted for the early part of the voyage by {{HMS|Kangaroo|1805|6}}, and arrived at [[Port Jackson]] on 9 October 1813.{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|pp=290-1}} She transported 200 male convicts, four of whom died on the voyage.{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|p=327}} An officer and 38 men of the [[73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot|73rd Regiment of Foot]] provided the guards for the prisoners. Some 20 free settlers came too as passengers. Aboard the ship was the first steam engine brought out to Australia.

''Earl Spencer'' left Port Jackson bound for China, but there is no date given.<ref name="ATCJ">{{cite web |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71247621 |title=Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work=Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16. |publisher= |access-date=18 June 2012}}</ref> Between her arrival in New South Wales and her departure for China, she engaged in whaling.{{sfnp|Clayton|2014|p=107}}

''Earl Spenser'' arrived at [[Whampoa anchorage]] on 23 October 1814. She passed the [[Bocca Tigris]] on 12 November, reaching the [[Cape of Good Hope|Cape]] on 26 March 1815, and [[Saint Helena|St Helena]] on 24 April. From there she sailed "towards England" on 20 June.<ref>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001114926 British Library: Earl Spencer (3).]</ref>

==Fate==
The last listing in ''[[Lloyd's Register]]'' and the ''Register of Shipping'' for ''Earl Spencer'' was in 1820, with the listing unchanged from 1813.

==Citations==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title =The Convict Ships | first =Charles | last =Bateson | author-link=Charles Bateson | year =1959 | publisher =Brown, Son & Ferguson | oclc =3778075}}
* {{cite book |last=Clayton |first=Jane M |year=2014 |title=Ships employed in the South Sea Whale Fishery from Britain: 1775–1815: An alphabetical list of ships |publisher=Berforts Group |isbn=9781908616524 }}
* {{cite book |last=Hackman |first=Rowan |date=2001 |title=Ships of the East India Company |location=Gravesend, Kent |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-96-7 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Earl Spencer (1795 ship)}}
[[Category:1795 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Thames]]
[[Category:Convict ships to New South Wales]]
[[Category:Ships of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Whaling ships]]