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Lena Kaur

2023-10-03T15:45:41Z

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{{Short description|British actress (b. 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lena Kaur
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1986}}
| birth_place = [[Huddersfield]], [[Yorkshire]], England
| spouse =
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| years_active = 2007–present
}}

'''Lena Kaur''' (born 1986) is a London-based British actress, perhaps best known for her role as [[Leila Roy]] in Channel 4 soap ''[[Hollyoaks]]''.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/local-west-yorkshire-news/2008/05/01/a-rising-star-86081-20846355/ | title=A rising star! | work=[[Huddersfield Examiner]] | date=2008-05-01 | accessdate=2008-10-12 }}</ref>

==Career==

Lena Kaur grew up in [[Almondbury]] in [[Huddersfield]], [[West Yorkshire]] and is of Asian descent. She attended [[Almondbury High School and Language College|Almondbury High School]] and then New College which helped her achieve her dream of being an actress. She studied acting at [[Rose Bruford College]], [[Sidcup]], [[Kent]], graduating in 2007.<ref>http://www.bruford.ac.uk/alumni/graduate-voices.aspx Rose Bruford - Alumni Voices</ref>

Later that year she was part of the original cast of [[BBC Three]] comedy sketch show [[Scallywagga]], in which she played multiple characters. After successfully being cast as Leila Roy, she joined the cast of ''[[Hollyoaks]]'' in summer 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/H/hollyoaks/news/previous/08/04/080502_gallery_2.html |title=Laila - Rafi's Sister |work=[[Channel 4]] - [[Hollyoaks]] |date=2008-05-02 |accessdate=2008-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505043101/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/H/hollyoaks/news/previous/08/04/080502_gallery_2.html |archivedate=2008-05-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In August 2008, Lena Kaur praised ''Hollyoaks'' producer [[Bryan Kirkwood]] for not stereotyping [[Asian people|Asians]] on the programme. Speaking to ''Take 5'' magazine, she stated, "The storylines for me and [[Stephen Uppal|Stephen]] ([[Ravi Roy|Ravi]]) aren't being dictated by the colour of our skin. We're both British Asians in real life as well as in the show. We are both totally westernised. We've been brought up in Britain, so the storylines will reflect people like Stephen and me."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/a118881/hollyoaks-star-praises-lack-of-stereotypes.html |title=Hollyoaks star praises lack of stereotypes |publisher=Digital Spy |date=2008-08-04 |accessdate=2009-09-15 |first=Kris |last=Green}}</ref> Kaur announced her decision to leave to pursue new challenges in late 2009, and made her last appearance as Leila in January 2010.<ref>http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s13/hollyoaks/news/a186574/leila-roy-actress-quits-hollyoaks.html?rss Leila Roy actress quits Hollyoaks</ref>

In 2011 she appeared as [[List of Torchwood characters#Alicia Patel|Alicia Patel]] in ''[[Torchwood]]'s'' fourth series; ''[[Torchwood: Miracle Day]]'' airing on [[BBC One]] and US premium television network [[Starz (TV channel)|Starz]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Spotlight profile of Lena Kaur|url=http://www.spotlight.com/interactive/cv/F111109.html%20-%20LENA%20KAUR|publisher=[[The Spotlight (directory)|Spotlight]]|accessdate=26 January 2011}}</ref>

In November 2016 she appeared in Stratford upon Avon at the Swan Theatre with the Royal Shakespeare Company in the Rover. (https://www.rsc.org.uk/the-rover/production-photos)

==Selected filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Television
|-
! Year(s) !! Title !! Role
|-
| 2007–08 || ''[[Scallywagga]]'' || Ange/Various
|-
| 2008–10 || ''[[Hollyoaks]]'' || [[Leila Roy]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Torchwood: Miracle Day]]'' || [[List of Torchwood characters#Alicia Patel|Dr. Alicia Patel]]
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
*[http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/H/hollyoaks/cast/girls/leilaroy ''Leila Roy''] on the *[http://www.channel4.com/hollyoaks Hollyoaks website]
*{{IMDb name|2998070}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaur, Lena}}
[[Category:Alumni of Rose Bruford College]]
[[Category:Actresses from Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Actresses from Huddersfield]]
[[Category:English Sikhs]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:English television actresses]]
[[Category:English voice actresses]]
[[Category:English soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:English film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British actresses of Asian descent]]

{{england-tv-actor-stub}}
{{england-stage-actor-stub}}
{{UK-tv-actor-1980s-stub}}

Kuldip Kaur

2023-10-03T15:45:31Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Indian actress (1927–1960)}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kuldip Kaur
| image = Kuldip_Kaur_(1952).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Kuldip Kaur in ''[[Baiju Bawra (film)|Baiju Bawra]]'' (1952)
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1927}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1960|02|03|1927}}
| death_place = [[Bombay, Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1948–1960
| spouse = Mohinder Singh Siddhu
}}

'''Kuldip Kaur,''' (1927–3 February 1960), was an Indian actress who worked in [[Hindi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] films.<ref name=Bali>{{cite web |last1=Bali |first1=Karan |title=Kuldip Kaur |url=http://upperstall.com/profile/kuldip-kaur/ |website=upperstall.com |publisher=The Rest |accessdate=23 April 2015 |date=20 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=Omnilexica>{{cite web |title=Kuldip Kaur Actress |url=http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=kuldip+kaur+(actress) |website=omnilexica.com |publisher=Omnilexica |accessdate=23 April 2015}}</ref> Known for her roles as negative characters, she was cited as one of [[Indian cinema]]'s "most polished vamps" and actor [[Pran (actor)|Pran]]'s "opposite number".<ref name=KK>{{cite book |last1=Patel |first1=Sushila Rani Baburao |title=Stars of the Indian Screen |date=1952 |publisher=Parker and Sons |location=India |pages=23 |ref=Kuldip Kaur}}</ref> She started her acting career with the first [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] film produced in India following [[Partition of India|Partition]]; ''Chaman'', also called ''The Garden'' in 1948.<ref name="GokulsingDissanayake2013">{{cite book |author1=K. Moti Gokulsing |author2=Wimal Dissanayake |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC |accessdate=23 April 2015 |date=17 April 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77284-9}}</ref>

Acclaimed as a "vamp" of "exceptional talent" and the "first female villain" in Indian cinema, she has been compared to artists like [[Shashikala]] and [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]].<ref name="Rishi2012">{{cite book |author=Tilak Rishi |title=Bless You Bollywood!: A Tribute to Hindi Cinema on Completing 100 Years |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r623sWyGm0sC&pg=PA47 |accessdate=23 April 2015 |year=2012 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=978-1-4669-3963-9 |pages=47–}}</ref> Active from 1948 to 1960, she acted in over 100 films, most of them in Hindi and some in Punjabi. She died in 1960 from [[tetanus]].<ref name=Bali />

==Personal life==
Kuldip Kaur was born into a Guron Jat family in 1927 in [[Lahore]], Punjab, [[British India]]. Her family were Ladhran royal family in [[Attari]], [[Amritsar District]], in Punjab.<ref name=KK /> She was married to Attariwala royal member Mohinder Singh Sidhu, a grandson of the military Commander of [[Ranjit Singh]]'s army, General Sham Singh Attariwala.<ref name=YoungBites>{{cite web |title=Kuldip Kaur |url=http://www.sikhchic.com/film_stage/kuldip_kaur_bombays_pioneer_film_actress |work=Young Bites Daily |accessdate=23 April 2015 |ref=Fem Bio}}</ref> Married at the age of fourteen, she became a mother at the age of sixteen.<ref name=KK />

Kaur defied convention to join films while still in Lahore. She left Lahore in 1947 while [[Communal violence in India|communal violence]] was raging. She was described as a brave lady by [[Saadat Hasan Manto]] in his chapter on Kuldip Kaur, titled "Kuldip Kaur: The Punjabi firecracker" in his book ''Stars from Another Sky: The Bombay Film World of the 1940s''. Kaur returned to Lahore in spite of the violence, to pick up Pran's car. His car had been left behind when Pran and she left for Bombay to escape the communal rioting in Lahore following partition of India. She drove the car back alone from Lahore to [[Bombay]], via [[Delhi]].<ref name="Manṭo2000">{{cite book |author=Saʻādat Ḥasan Manṭo |title=A Manto Panorama: A Representative Collection of Saadat Hasan Manto's Fiction and Non-fiction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ns5jAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=23 April 2015 |date=1 January 2000 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=978-969-35-1089-8 |page=234 |chapter=Kuldip Kaur: the Punjabi firecracker}}</ref>

==Career==
The German cinematographer, [[Josef Wirsching]] of [[Bombay Talkies]], took her screen test at the request of Savak Vacha, one of Bombay Talkies' then-proprietors, along with [[Ashok Kumar]] and S. Mukherji. On his recommendation she was cast in supporting roles.<ref name=Bali />

One of Kuldip Kaur's first films was the Punjabi language ''Chaman'' in 1948, which turned out to be a big success at the box office, co-starring [[Karan Dewan]] with [[Meena Shorey]].<ref name="GokulsingDissanayake2013"/> Kuldip Kaur also acted in two Hindi films that year; ''[[Ziddi (1948 film)|Ziddi]]'' directed by [[Shaheed Latif]] and starring [[Dev Anand]], [[Kamini Kaushal]] and Pran, and ''Grahasti'' both of which were "box office hits". In ''Grahasti'' she performed the role of a "modern, sophisticated woman intolerant of her husband".<ref name=KK />

In 1949, Kuldip Kaur acted a musical success, ''[[Ek Thi Ladki]]'', with music by [[Vinod ER|Vinod]]. Her next film was ''Kaneez,'' in 1949, an average film commercially. In 1950, she was in two successful Hindi films; ''[[Samadhi (1950 film)|Samadhi]]'' and ''[[Aadhi Raat]]'' and two Punjabi films; ''Madari'' and ''Chhai''. In ''Samadhi'', the popular song "Gore Gore Banke Chhore" was picturised on her and [[Nalini Jaywant]].<ref name=Bali /> In 1951, she acted in several films such as ''Rajput'', ''Nai Zindagi'', ''Ek Nazar'', ''Afsana'' and ''Mukhda'', where she played the lead role. ''Afsana'' was directed by [[B. R. Chopra]] and starred Ashok Kumar and [[Veena (actress)|Veena]]. Kaur was stated to have played her role of a vamp "to perfection".{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

She also then appeared in films such as ''[[Baiju Bawra (film)|Baiju Bawra]]'' (1952) in which her acting was critically acclaimed as the dacoit queen, Roopmati. Some of the other films she acted in 1952 to 54 were ''Anjaam'' (1952), ''[[Baaz (1953 film)|Baaz]]'' (1953), ''[[Anarkali (1953 film)|Anarkali]]'' (1953) where her acting was praised, ''Aabshar'' (1953), ''Gul Bahar'' and ''Dak Babu'' in (1954). 1955 was a busy year for her, acting in films such as ''Teer Andaz'' (1955) and ''Miss Coca Cola'' (1955). With few releases in 1956, she returned with ''Ek Saal'' (1957), acting opposite [[Madhubala]] and Ashok Kumar. In 1958, Kuldip Kaur had roles in two films; ''[[Sahara (1958 film)|Sahara]]'' and ''Panchayat''. In 1959, she worked in three films ''Pyaar Ka Rishta'', ''Mohar'' and ''Jagir''. ''Mohar'' had music composed by [[Madan Mohan (composer)|Madan Mohan]] and became another musical success for her.<ref name=Apnaorg>{{cite web |last1=Augla |first1=Harjap Singh |title=Kuldip Kaur |url=http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/aujla-26/ |website=apnaorg.com |publisher=APNA |accessdate=26 April 2015 |ref=Kuldip Kaur: A Spoiled Rich Punjaban Actress}}</ref> ''Maa Baap'', ''Bade Ghar Ki Bahu'', ''Sunheri Raatein'' and the Punjabi film ''Yamla Jatt'' in 1960 were the last films she acted in. Her last film was Honeymoon (1960), also one in which she played the vamp.<ref name=Cinestaan>{{cite web |last1=Kahlon |first1=Sukhpreet |title=Too hot to handle: Remembering Kuldip Kaur |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/feb/18/11143/too-hot-to-handle-remembering-kuldip-kaur-feisty-actress-from-the-1940s |website=cinestaan.com |publisher=Cinestaan |accessdate=18 February 2018 |ref=Kuldip Kaur}}</ref>

Some of the important films Kuldip Kaur acted in were ''[[Ek Thi Ladki]]'', ''[[Samadhi (1950 film)|Samadhi]]'' (1950), ''[[Aadhi Raat]]'' (1950), ''Chhoti Bhabhi'' (1950), ''[[Anarkali (1953 film)|Anarkali]]'' (1953), ''Afsana'' (1951) and ''[[Baiju Bawra (film)|Baiju Bawra]]''.

==Death==
Kaur died on 3 February 1960, in Bombay, Maharashtra, of tetanus, following thorn pricks from a [[Ber tree]] (jujube) on a visit to [[Shirdi]], [[Ahmednagar District]], which she did not consider serious enough to require treatment.<ref name=Bali />

==Filmography==
Kuldip Kaur was active between 1948-1960.<ref name=citwf>{{cite web |title=Kuldip Kaur |url=http://www.citwf.com/detailPerson.asp?personID=241364&sortOn=YEAR&sortBy=UP |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150425181423/http://www.citwf.com/detailPerson.asp?personID=241364&sortOn=YEAR&sortBy=UP |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 April 2015 |website=citwf.com |publisher=Adam Goble |accessdate=25 April 2015 |ref=Filmography}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director
|-
|1948||''Chaman'' ||Roop K. Shorey
|-
|1948||''[[Ziddi (1948 film)|Ziddi]]'' ||[[Shaheed Latif]]
|-
|1949||''[[Kaneez (1949 film)|Kaneez]]'' ||Krishna Kumar
|-
|1949||''[[Ek Thi Ladki]]'' ||Roop K. Shorey
|-
|1949|| Tara || R. D. Pareenja
|-
|1950||''[[Aadhi Raat]]'' ||S. K. Ojha
|-
|1950||''Lajawab'' ||Jagatrai Pesumal Advani
|-
|1950||''[[Meena Bazaar (film)|Meena Bazaar]]'' ||Ravindra Dave
|-
|1950||''[[Samadhi (1950 film)|Samadhi]]'' ||Ramesh Saigal
|-
|1951||''[[Afsana (1951 film)|Afsana]]'' ||[[B. R. Chopra]]
|-
|1951||''Do Sitare'' ||D. D. Kashyap
|-
|1951||''Ek Nazar'' ||O. P. Dutta
|-
|1951||''For Ladies Only'' ||Bedi
|-
|1951||''Gumasta'' ||S. M. Yusuf
|-
|1951||''Lachak'' ||M. I. Daramsey
|-
|1951||''Mukhada'' ||Roop K. Shorey
|-
|1951||''[[Nai Zindagi]]'' ||Mohan Sinha
|-
|1951||''Rajput'' ||Lekhraj Bhakri
|-
|1951||''Stage'' ||Vijay Mhatre
|-
|1952||''Anjaam''||Shanti Kumar
|-
|1952||''[[Baiju Bawra (film)|Baiju Bawra]]'' ||[[Vijay Bhatt]]
|-
|1952||''Ghungru'' ||Hiren Bose
|-
|1952||''Hamari Duniya'' ||Sushil Sahu
|-
|1952||''Jaggu'' ||Jagdish Sethi
|-
|1952||''Naubahar'' ||Anand Kumar
|-
|1952||''Neelam Pari'' ||Dhirubhai Desai
|-
|1952||''Sheesham'' ||Kishore Sharma
|-
|1953||''Aabshar'' ||Hasrat Lucknavi
|-
|1953||''[[Anarkali (1953 film)|Anarkali]]'' ||Nandlal Jaswantlal
|-
|1953||''Baaz'' ||[[Guru Dutt]]
|-
|1953||''Gharbaar'' ||Dinkar Patil
|-
|1953||''Farmaish'' ||B. K. Sagar
|-
|1953||''Mashuqa'' ||Shanti Kumar
|-
|1954||''Dak Babu'' ||Lekhraj Bhakri
|-
|1954||''Gul Bahar'' ||Nanubhai
|-
|1954|| Pilpili Saheb ||H.S. Kavatra
|-
|1954||''Hukumat'' ||Raja Yagnik
|-
|1954||''Lalpari'' ||Kedar Kapoor
|-
|1954||''Mastana'' ||[[H. S. Rawail]]
|-
|1955||''Daku'' ||Aspi
|-
|1955||''Deewar'' ||I.S Bali
|-
|1955||''Duniya Gol Hai'' ||[[Om Prakash]]
|-
|1955||''Jashan'' ||S. Shamsuddin
|-
|1955||''Mast Qalandar'' ||Kedar Kapoor
|-
|1955||''Miss Coca-Cola'' ||Kedar Kapoor
|-
|1956||''Indra Leela'' ||Rajendra Sharma
|-
|1956||''Inquilab'' ||Kedar Kapoor
|-
|1956||''Sultan-E-Alam'' ||Mohan Sinha
|-
|1957||''Ek Saal'' ||[[Devendra Goel]]
|-
|1957||''Jai Ambe'' ||Shanti Kumar
|-
|1957||''Maharani'' ||A. Karim
|-
|1957||''Paisa'' ||[[Prithviraj Kapoor]]
|-
|1958||''Panchayat'' ||Lekhraj Bhakri
|-
|1958||''[[Sahara (1958 film)|Sahara]]'' ||Lekhraj Bhakri
|-
|1958||''Son Of Sindbad'' ||[[Nanabhai Bhatt]]
|-
|1959||''Chand'' ||Lekhraj Bhakri
|-
|1959||''Jagir'' ||Jag Mohan Mattu
|-
|1959||''Mohar'' ||[[P. Jairaj]]
|-
|1959||''Pyar Ki Rahen'' ||Lekhraj Bhakri
|-
|1960||''Bade Ghar Ki Bahu'' ||Kundan Kumar
|-
|1960||''Bhakta Raj'' ||Vishnu Vyas
|-
|1960||''Maa Baap'' ||Vishnu Vyas
|-
|1960||''Rickshawala'' ||Shankar Mehta
|-
|1960||''Sunheri Raatein'' ||Lekhraj Bhakri
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0442444}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuldip Kaur}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Deaths from tetanus]]
[[Category:Actresses from Lahore]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]

Kulbir Bhaura

2023-10-03T15:45:23Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|British field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Kulbir Bhaura
| birth_name = Kulbir Singh Bhaura
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|15 October 1955}}
| birth_place = [[Jullundur]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[India]]
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport | Men's [[field hockey]] }}
{{MedalCountry | {{GBR2}} }}
{{MedalComp | [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988 Seoul]] | [[Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team competition]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Los Angeles]] | [[Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team competition]] }}
{{MedalCountry | {{ENG}} }}
{{MedalComp | [[Hockey World Cup]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1986 Men's Hockey World Cup|1986 London]] | Team competition }}
}}

'''Kulbir Singh Bhaura''' (born 15 October 1955) is a British former [[field hockey]] player.

He was a member of the gold winning [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]] squad at the [[1988 Summer Olympics]] in Seoul. Four years earlier, at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] in Los Angeles, he secured the bronze medal with his team. Bhaura was also a member of the Silver medal-winning team in 1986 World cup in London and 1987 European Cup in Moscow. He played at international level for nine years for England and Great Britain.
<ref>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bh/kulbir-bhaura-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418040930/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bh/kulbir-bhaura-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |accessdate=8 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kulbir Singh Bhaura |website=SikhHockeyOlympians.com |url=http://www.sikhhockeyolympians.com/Player%20Profiles/KulbirSinghBhaura.html |accessdate=20 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728154950/http://www.sikhhockeyolympians.com/Player%20Profiles/KulbirSinghBhaura.html |archivedate=28 July 2014 }}</ref> A proud moment was when he was selected to represent World XI to play against Australia in 1987.

Bhaura was born in [[Jullundur]], [[East Punjab]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family and came to England around the mid 1960s. After winning gold in 1988, he started working within the hockey industry, in marketing and developing equipment. He has visited hockey factories in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], developing hockey and cricket equipment under the brand name Pantheon. He was also involved in developing goalkeeping equipment and owned a ball manufacturing plant, "Chingford Balls". Bhaura owned THE PRO SHOP, specialising in hockey equipment and team-wear, based in Brentford (W London) and Hitchin (Hertfordshire). He was a European Distributor of the Gryphon Hockey brand since 1996. After Selling the Retail, Wholesale and Manufacturing operations in 2019, he now enjoys his retirement.

Bhaura is a prominent member of the Indian Gymkhana club based in Osterley in W London and continues to play and coach hockey there to this day.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}
* {{IOC profile|kulbir-bhaura}}

{{Navboxes
|bg = white
|fg = navy
|title=Kulbir Bhaura – International Tournaments
|list1=
{{Great Britain FH Squad 1984 Summer Olympics}}
{{England FH Squad 1986 World Cup}}
{{Great Britain FH Squad 1988 Summer Olympics}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaura, Kulbeer}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:British male field hockey players]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for Great Britain]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1988 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to England]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:English Sikhs]]
[[Category:British sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]

Kher Jagatsingh

2023-10-03T15:45:15Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Sir
| name = Keharsingh Jagatsingh
| honorific_suffix = [[Knights Bachelor]], [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| image =
| order = Minister of Education
| president =
| primeminister =
| term_start = 1977
| term_end = 1982
| predecessor =
| successor =
| order1 = Minister of Planning & Economic Development
| president1 =
| primeminister1 =
| term_start1 = 1967
| term_end1 = 1976
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| order2 = Member of Parliament
| president2 =
| primeminister2 =
| term_start2 = 1959
| term_end2 = 1963
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1931|7|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1985|7|19|1931|7|23|df=y}}
| death_place = England
| spouse =
| children =
| party = [[Mauritian Labour Party]]
|
| occupation = Journalist
|
}}

{{short description|Mauritian politician}}
Keharsingh Jagatsingh, more commonly known as '''Sir Kher Jagatsingh''' (23 July 1931 – 19 July 1985) was a Mauritian politician and [[Labour Party (Mauritius)]] minister.<ref>{{cite web |title=Il y a 41 ans, le 15 janvier 1977: Kher Jagatsingh remplace Heeralall Bhugaloo comme ministre de l'Education |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/324639/il-y-41-ans-15-janvier-1977-kher-jagatsingh-remplace-heeralall-bhugaloo-comme |website=www.lexpress.mu |publisher=L'Express |accessdate=15 January 2018}}</ref>

==Early life==
Keharsingh was born in India, the 14th child of a family of 16 children.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gordon-Gentil |first1=Alain |title=Le mauricianisme selon Kher Jagatsingh (2006) |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/le-mauricianisme-selon-kher-jagatsingh |publisher=L'Express |accessdate=12 July 2020}}</ref> The family migrated to Mauritius and his father was a prison warden at Beau Bassin who retired in 1940. Although he did not attend secondary school Keharsingh joined the Teachers Training College in 1950, but left for the Civil Service where he worked as clerk in the Ministry of Health before starting a newspaper.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kalla |first1=Abdool Cader |title=Mauritius:Curriculum Reform in the Process of Decolonisation |url=https://www.academia.edu/37296864 |website=www.academia.edu |accessdate=1 December 2017}}</ref>

==Political career==
As a young journalist of Mauritius Times Jagatsingh was mentored by social worker [[Bikramsingh Ramlallah]] who was also later elected to parliament in 1959. At the [[1959 Mauritian general election|1959 elections]] Jagatsingh was elected in Constituency No.40 Petite Rivière.<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of 1959 elections |url=http://electoral.govmu.org/English/electionresult/nasselec/Pages/Results-1959.aspx |website=Office of Electoral Commissioner |publisher=Government of Mauritius |accessdate=2020-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Results of 1959 elections |url=http://electoral.govmu.org/English/electionresult/nasselec/Pages/Results-1959.aspx |website=Office of Electoral Commissioner |accessdate=12 July 2020}}</ref> [[Labour Party (Mauritius)|Labourite]] [[Guy Forget (Mauritius)]] encouraged Jagatsingh to join politics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gordon-Gentil |first1=Alain |title=Le mauricianisme selon Kher Jagatsingh (2006) |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/le-mauricianisme-selon-kher-jagatsingh |publisher=L'Express |accessdate=12 July 2020}}</ref> However at the [[1963 Mauritian general election|October 1963 general elections]] Jagatsingh was not elected to Legislative Council as he was defeated by his rival Noutun Parsad Puduruth at Constituency No.40 Petite Rivière.<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of 1963 General Elections |url=http://electoral.govmu.org/English/electionresult/nasselec/Pages/Results-1963.aspx |website=Office of the Electoral Commissioner |publisher=Government of Mauritius |accessdate=2020-07-18}}</ref> At the [[1967 Mauritian general election|General Elections]] held on 7 August 1967 Kher Jagatsingh was elected to Parliament in Constituency No.10 Montagne Blanche-Grand Rivière Sud Est (GRSE). In 1967 he campaigned under the banner of the [[Independence Party (Mauritius)|Independence Party]](coalition of IFB-Labour-CAM) with his running mates [[Satcam Boolell]] and Abdool Wahab Foondun within Constituency No.10.<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of 1967 elections |url=http://electoral.govmu.org/English/electionresult/nasselec/Pages/1967/Elected-Members-67.aspx |website=Office of Electoral Commissioner |accessdate=10 July 2020}}</ref> He became Minister of Planning & Economic Development until 1976. He was not elected at the 1976 General Elections although his running mate [[Satcam Boolell]] and rivals Ramduth Jadoo and Jagdish Goburdhun were elected in Constituency No.10.<ref>{{cite web |title=Results of 1976 elections at Constituency No.10 |url=http://electoral.govmu.org/English/electionresult/nasselec/Pages/1976/cons/10.aspx |website=Office of Electoral Commissioner |accessdate=10 July 2020}}</ref> But in 1977 he became Member of Parliament without any elections following the resignation of [[Heeralall Bhugaloo]], the Minister of Education under the Labour government.

From 1977 to 1982 Jagatsingh was Minister of Education and during his term in office major reforms to the educational sector occurred. Such reforms followed Sir [[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]]'s electoral promises in response to the major disturbance caused by the [[1975 Mauritian student protests]]. As a result, school fees were abolished for all secondary schools and the quality of education was improved. However following the electoral defeat at the 1982 General Elections Sir Kher Jagatsingh retired from politics. He died on 19 July 1985 in England.<ref>{{cite web |title=Il y a 33 ans: un dernier hommage à Sir Kher Jagatsingh |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/335928/il-y-33-ans-un-dernier-hommage-sir-kher-jagatsingh |website=lexpress.mu |publisher=L'Express |accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref>

==Publications==
In 1954 Kher Jagatsingh was a co-founder of the weekly newspaper [[Mauritius Times]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=KALLA |first1=Abdool Cader |title=Mauritius:Curriculum Reform in the Process of Decolonisation |url=https://www.academia.edu/37296864 |publisher=www.academia.edu |accessdate=12 March 2018}}</ref> Jagatsingh wrote a book titled "Petals of dust" which was published in Mauritius in 1981.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jagatsingh |first1=Kher |title=Petals of dust |year=1981 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klIwAAAAYAAJ&q=kher+jagatsingh&dq=kher+jagatsingh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Le mauricianisme selon Kher Jagatsingh (2006) |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/le-mauricianisme-selon-kher-jagatsingh |website=lexpress.mu |publisher=L'Express |accessdate=12 July 2020}}</ref>

==Recognition==
Kher Jagatsingh was knighted in December 1980. Other Mauritians who received the same title in 1980 were [[Gaetan Duval]] and [[Rabindranath Ghurburrun]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The London Gazette 30 December 1980 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/48470/supplement/45/data.pdf |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> In 1967 the Sir Kher Jagatsing Training Centre (SKJTC) was established in the town of Beau Bassin. The technical institution offers training programmes to develop skilled tradesmen for the construction sector such as electricians, plumbers, welders, masons, scaffolders and wood workers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir Kher Jagatsingh Air Training Centre |url=http://www.mitd.mu/centres.php?tc=skjtc |website=www.mitd.mu |accessdate=10 July 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.facebook.com/Sir-Kher-Jagatsingh-110898549187/ Remembrance page]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagatsingh, Kher}}
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[[Category:Mauritian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Plaines Wilhems District]]
[[Category:Labour Party (Mauritius) politicians]]
[[Category:Mauritian politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Mauritian Knights Bachelor]]

Khem Singh Grewal

2023-10-03T15:45:07Z

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'''Khem Singh Grewal''' (1894-1965) was an Indian pharmacologist. He worked at the [[King Edward Medical University|King Edward Medical College]] in [[Lahore]], and the [[Assam Medical College]] in [[Dibrugarh]]. He had varied research interests, including the study of medicinal plants. He participated in a large study of [[cancer]] incidence in India. He was key in founding pharmaceutic education at the [[University of the Punjab|University of Punjab]] in Lahore.

== University of Punjab ==

The initiation of pharmaceutical education in [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]] of undivided India was in 1944, when in King Edward Medical College at Lahore Dr. Khem Singh Grewal thought of starting the B. Pharm. degree course. Dr. Grewal who was Professor of Pharmacology in the medical college had been in association Col. [[Ram Nath Chopra|R. N. Chopra]] at [[Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine|School of Tropical Medicine]] in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata) and with Dr. J. H. Burn at the [[UCL School of Pharmacy|London School of Pharmacy]].<ref>[http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol43_4_5_HSingh.pdf Historical notes], ''Indian Journal of Science'', 43.4 (2008) 631-644</ref> These associations had been instrumental in arousing his interest in pharmacy and promoting pharmacy education. Following the [[partition of India]] the didactical facilities to run the B. Pharm. course shifted from Lahore to Amritsar till 1959. The consolidated pharmacy instructional facilities under the banner of Department of Pharmacy were shifted to the [[Panjab University, Chandigarh|Punjab University]] campus at Chandigarh. Dr. K. N. Gaind was given the reigns of the department.<ref>[http://www.kppub.com/articles/nov2012/the_drug_discovery_that_escaped_by_a_whisker.html The Drug Discovery that Escaped by a Whisker]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grewal, Khem Singh}}
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[[Category:1965 deaths]]
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[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]]

Khem Singh Gill

2023-10-03T15:44:53Z

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{{short description|Indian geneticist (1930–2019)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Khem Singh Gill
| image =Dr. Khem Singh Gill.png
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1930|09|01}}
| birth_place = [[Kaleke]], [[Moga District]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2019|09|17|1930|09|01}}
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Geneticist]] Plant breeder Academic
| yearsactive = Since 1951
| spouse = Surjit Kaur Gill
| children = 3
| known for = Genetics Plant breeding
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]] [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] Team Research Award FICCI Award [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] Golden Jubilee Award ISOR Silver Jubilee Award
}}
'''Khem Singh Gill''' (1 September 1930 – 17 September 2019)<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/punjab/former-pau-vice-chancellor-khem-singh-gill-passes-away-at-89/833951.html Former PAU vice chancellor Khem Singh Gill passes away at 89]</ref> was an Indian academic, [[geneticist]], [[plant breeder]] and Vice-Chancellor of the [[Punjab Agricultural University]].<ref name="Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill">{{cite web | url=https://naujawani.com/ranjit-singh-kuki-gill | title=Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill | publisher=Nau Jawani | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> He was known for his contributions to the Green Revolution in India. Instrumental for breeding new strains of wheat, linseed, and sesame, he was the author of the book ''Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab''<ref name="Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab">{{cite book | title=Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab | publisher=Punjab Agricultural University | author=Khem Singh Gill | year=1979 | pages=128 | asin=B0007B06LU}}</ref> along with several additional articles on the subject.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbNQiG37DXsC&pg=PA76 | title=Wheat, barley, and triticale cultivars: A list of publications | publisher=CIMMYT | year=1997 | pages=76– | isbn=978-970-648-055-2}}</ref> He was also the vice-president of The Kalgidhar Trust<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.barusahib.org|title=Home|date=2013-11-13|newspaper=The Kalgidhar Society, Baru Sahib|access-date=2017-01-12}}</ref> and The Kalgidhar Society, [[Baru Sahib]], which is one of the largest [[Sikh]] charities. ''A'' Sant Teja Singh Chair Professor in Sikhism of the Eternal Global University<ref name="Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism">{{cite web | url=http://eternalglobaluniversity.education/2016/03/23/sannt-teja-singh-chaired-professorships-awarded-to-dr-khem-singh-gill/ | title=Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism | publisher=Eternal Global University | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> and a founding fellow of [[The World Academy of Sciences]],<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991">{{cite web | url=http://naasindia.org/fdetail.html#G014 | title=Fellow, Elected 1991 | publisher=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> he was a recipient of Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Memorial Prize, Team Research Award of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR), FICCI Award, ICAR Golden Jubilee Award and Silver Jubilee Award of the Indian Society of Oilseeds Research.<ref name="Indian Fellow">{{cite book | url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N81-0283 | title=Indian Fellow | publisher=Indian National Science Academy }}</ref> In 1992, the Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhushan]] for his contributions to science.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |access-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Born 1 September 1930 at [[Kaleke]], a small village in the [[Punjab State]] of [[India]] (presently in [[Moga District]]), Khem Singh Gill graduated in Agricultural Science (BSc) from [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]] in 1949 and secured his master's degree (MSc) from [[Punjab University, Chandigarh, India|Punjab University]] in 1951.<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> He started his career as a research assistant at the Department of Agriculture, Government of Punjab and later moved to [[Punjab Agricultural University]] (PAU) as Assistant Oilseed Breeder before taking a break from work to pursue his doctoral studies at the [[University of California, Riverside|University of California]] in 1963.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> After obtaining his PhD in genetics from the university in 1966, he returned to India and joined [[Punjab Agricultural University]] as a professor and the head of the Department of Genetics (1966-1968). Dr. Gill later became a professor and the head of the Department of Plant Breeding (1968–79), Dean of the College of Agriculture (1979–83), Director of Research (1983–87), and Director of Extension Education (1987–89). He eventually earned the post of Vice Chancellor of PAU in 1990.<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" />

Dr. Gill Served as Vice Chancellor until 1993. During his tenure at the university, he contributed to the development of the Department of Plant Breeding into a Center of Excellence.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> His contributions were also reported in the introduction of research programs the [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] and [[Ludhiana]] campuses of the institution. He headed the Wheat Improvement Program of the state government.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> On the research front, his work assisted in the development of improved [[cultivars]] of [[linseed]], [[sesame]], and [[wheat]] and in the genetic improvement of [[pearl millet]], [[barley]] and [[triticale]]. His researches were documented by way of over 475 scientific papers and articles<ref name="Gill, Khem Singh on WorldCat">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n86871804/ | title=Gill, Khem Singh on WorldCat | publisher=WorldCat | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> and many books,<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> including ''Development of triticales for stability of yield and improved quality of grains: Final technical report''<ref name="Development of triticales for stability of yield and improved quality of grains: Final technical report">{{cite book | title=Development of triticales for stability of yield and improved quality of grains: Final technical report | publisher=Punjab Agricultural University | author=Khem Singh Gill | year=1985 | asin=B0007BGED4}}</ref> and ''Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab''.<ref name="Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab" /> He also guided 17 doctoral and 8 master's students in their researches.<ref name="Indian Fellow" />

While serving as the head of the Department of Plant Breeding at PAU, Dr. Gill founded the Crop Improvement Society of India in 1974.<ref name="Crop Improvement Society of India">{{cite web | url=http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=publisher&type=138 | title=Crop Improvement Society of India | publisher=Indian Journals.com | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> He served as its president until 1979, while remaining a loyal patron ever since. He was associated with the [[International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center]] as a member of its program committee and board of trustees (1988–93).<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> He was the evaluator of two UNDP programs: sorghum and millets improvement program of [[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] (ICRISAT) in Hyderabad (1981) and rice program of the [[International Rice Research Institute]] (IRRI) in the Philippines (1983). Dr. Gill served as the Senior Vice President of the International Triticale Association from 1988 to 1994.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He was a council member of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] from 1983 to 1985. He was the founding board member of the [http://barusahib.org/ Kalgidhar Trust], [[Baru Sahib]],{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} an international non-profit charitable organization along with Baba Iqbal Singh who was the President of the board. He was associated with Baba Iqbal Singh since early college days and they both found their mentor in Sant Teja Singh,{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} (MA LLB AM Harvard). Since 1994, Dr. Gill served as chairman of 129 [http://akalacademy.in/ Akal Academies] under The Kalgidhar Trust/Society in the rural areas of Northern India.<ref name="Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism " />

== Scientific contributions ==
Dr. Khem Singh Gill worked with Nobel Peace Laureate [[Norman Borlaug]] in the 1960s to develop new varieties of wheat. Under his leadership, the Department of Plant Breeding received recognition at the international level. His main focus area, however, remained the wheat improvement program. Dr. Gill carried out excellent work in the development and identification of improved varieties of wheat, which revolutionized wheat production in Punjab and several other parts of India and Pakistan. He was one of the main contributors to the [[Green Revolution in India]], which made India a self-reliant country with an added capacity to export grains to other countries. Dr. Gill has over 300 research publications and has authored many books in the area of his expertise (K. S. Gill, personal communication, 22 November 2016).

== Awards and honors ==
Dr. Khem Singh Gill was a founder fellow of [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (1974), as well as an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1981) and the [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]] (1991).<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He was also a fellow of the Indian Society of Agricultural Sciences, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Genetic Association of India and the Crop Improvement Society of India.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> The Indian Council made him a National Professor of Eminence in 1980 and the Eternal Global University conferred the ''Sant Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism'' on him in 2016.<ref name="Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism " />

Dr. Gill received the [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]] of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR) in 1976 and a cash prize from Punjab Agricultural University in 1978.<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> ICAR honored him again in 1981 with the Team Research Award and he was awarded the FICCI Award in 1985.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He received three appreciations from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington in 1981, 1987 and 1991 and two Wheat Research Medals from the [[International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center]] in 1973 and 1993.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1992,<ref name="Padma Awards" /> the same year as he received the Golden Jubilee Award of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. He was also a recipient of the Silver Jubilee Award of the Indian Society of Oilseed Research in 1993.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> In 2015, Dr. Gill was conferred Doctor of Science (honoris causa) by Punjab Agricultural University in [[Ludhiana]] in [[Punjab, India]].

== Controversy ==
Dr. Khem Singh Gill was involved in a controversy in 1985 when his son, Ranjit Singh Gill, was indicted in the assassination of [[Lalit Maken]] and his wife, Geetanjali.<ref name="Sukhbir holds closed-door meet with Ranjit Singh Kuki, in Ludhiana">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/sukhbir-holds-closed-door-meet-with-ranjit-singh-kuki/story-tvMQtIVR10XHTfucB3TRyK.html | title=Sukhbir holds closed-door meet with Ranjit Singh Kuki, in Ludhiana | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=8 October 2015 | access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> Controversy surrounded Maken's alleged involvement in the massacres of Sikhs during the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|1984 anti-Sikh genocide]] in New Delhi. Ranjit was convicted, despite his father's efforts,<ref name="Tatla2005">{{cite book|author=Darsham Singh Tatla|title=The Sikh Diaspora: The Search For Statehood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Amq_oOeDZNUC&pg=PA237|date=8 August 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-36744-2|pages=237–}}</ref> and sentenced to life imprisonment in 2003.<ref name="Gill Gets Life for Maken's Murder ">{{cite web | url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_022403a.html | title=Gill Gets Life for Maken's Murder | work=The Sikh Times| date=24 February 2003 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> His sentence was later commuted.<ref name="Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill" /> Ranjit Singh Gill, after the release from incarceration, is involved in community and social development activities.<ref name="Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill" />

== See also ==
* [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quU7AnV--WM | title=Interview with Dr. Khem Singh Gill | publisher=The Harpreet Singh Show | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=7 June 2013 | access-date=20 May 2016}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NweASBk99o | title=Dr. Khem Singh Gill's speech - Part 1 | publisher=Apsumal61 | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=23 May 2009 | access-date=20 May 2016}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQaCJl8KClE | title=Dr. Khem Singh Gill's speech - Part 2 | publisher=Apsumal61 | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=23 May 2009 | access-date=20 May 2016}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Khem Singh}}
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[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]
[[Category:Indian agriculturalists]]
[[Category:Indian botanical writers]]
[[Category:Plant breeding]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:TWAS fellows]]
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[[Category:People from Moga district]]

Kash Gill

2023-10-03T15:44:35Z

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{{distinguish|Kashmir Gill}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2011}}
{{Infobox boxer
|name = Kash Gill
|image =
|imagesize =
|realname = Kashmir Singh Gill
|nickname = The Flash
|weight = {{convert|75|kg|st lb|abbr=on}}
|height = {{height|ft=6|in=3}}
|reach =
|nationality = British
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|7|2}}
|birth_place = [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], [[Birmingham]], England
|death_date =
|death_place =
|style =
|total = 100
|wins = 84
|losses = 16
|draws = 1
|no contests =
|KO = 43
}}

'''Kashmir Singh Gill''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਗਿੱਲ, born 2 July 1966) popularly known as '''Kash "The Flash" Gill''', is a retired British professional [[kickboxing|kickboxer]] who is a former four-time world champion.<ref name="BirminghamMail2008">[http://www.birminghammail.net/news/top-stories/2008/03/07/gym-dream-comes-true-for-birmingham-s-kash-gill-97319-20578160/ Gym dream comes true for Birmingham's Kash Gill] ''Birmingham Mail'' (7 March 2008). Retrieved on 7 January 2011.</ref>

Gill became a world champion in kickboxing at the age of 21.<ref name="AsianToday2008">[http://www.theasiantoday.com/article.aspx?articleId=901 Kickboxing Kings to light up Birmingham: Triple title bonanza in showpiece event] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928022526/http://www.theasiantoday.com/article.aspx?articleId=901 |date=28 September 2011 }} ''The Asian Today'' (7 May 2008). Retrieved on 7 January 2011.</ref> He formally retired from fighting in 2002. In 1991, he won the [[World Kickboxing Association]] (WKA) [[light middleweight]] and [[super welterweight]] full contact titles.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} The following year he won the WKA middleweight championship.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} He was the [[International Sport Karate Association]] freestyle champion of 1993.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}}

==Biography==
Born in 1966 as Kashmir Gill, he is an alumnus of Christ Church, Oxford where he studied biochemistry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/20357415/asha-roka|title=Boxing worked for Asha Roka, but MMA works better|last=Selvaraj|first=Jonathan|date=2017-08-16|website=[[ESPN]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> Gill discovered kickboxing at the age of 14 when he saw a demo in a local park went down for a trial session and fell in love with the sport.

His speed and athletic ability as well as his flashy showmanship soon earned him the nickname ‘The Flash’. By 1984, having earned his black belt, Gill at the age of 18, had entered and won his first competition in a three-round contest in full-contact karate.

He won a number of world titles anx in 1986 when he won a gold medal at the World PKA Amateur Full Contact Championships. He collected his first Professional world title, the WKA Junior Middleweight in 1991 when he also won the World full contact Karate championships. In the two consecutive years following, he went on to win the WKA World Middleweight kickboxing title and the ISKA World Light Middleweight title.

==Comeback==
In December 2011, Gill fought former world kickboxing champion [[Don "The Dragon" Wilson]] in a mixed martial arts cage match in [[Kazakhstan]]. The bout was originally billed as an exhibition, but Wilson, 57, was awarded the decision at the end of the match.

==See also==
*[[List of male kickboxers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kashtheflash.co.uk/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130605223450/http://kashtheflashgym.com/ Gym website]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Kash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
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Karpal Singh

2023-10-03T15:44:21Z

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{{short description|Former Malaysian politician and lawyer}}
{{distinguish|Kirpal Singh}}
{{about|the Malaysian politician and lawyer|the seaside promenade in Penang|Karpal Singh Drive}}
{{Indian name|Karpal Singh|Ram Singh|note=on}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Malay styles and titles#Honorary styles|Yang Berbahagia]] [[Malay styles and titles#State titles|Dato' Seri Utama]]
| honorific_suffix = [[List of post-nominal letters (Penang)|DUPN]]
| name = Karpal Singh
| native_name = {{nobold|ਕਰਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ}}
| native_name_lang = pa
| image = Karpal Singh.jpg
| caption = Karpal in [[Kuching]] in 2011.
| office = 3rd National Chairman of the [[Democratic Action Party]]
| term_start = 4 September 2004
| term_end = 29 March 2014
| 1blankname = Secretary-General
| 1namedata = [[Lim Guan Eng]]
| predecessor = [[Lim Kit Siang]]
| successor = [[Tan Kok Wai]]
| parliament2 = Malaysian
| constituency_MP2 = [[Bukit Gelugor]]
| term_start2 = 21 March 2004
| term_end2 = 17 April 2014
| majority2 =
| predecessor2 = ''Position established''
| successor2 = [[Ramkarpal Singh]]
| parliament3 = Malaysian
| constituency_MP3 = [[Jelutong]]
| term_start3 = 31 July 1978
| term_end3 = 29 November 1999
| predecessor3 = Rasiah Rajasingam
| successor3 = Lee Kah Choon
| birth_name = Karpal Singh s/o Ram Singh Deo
| birth_date = 28 June 1940
| birth_place = [[George Town, Penang]], [[Straits Settlements]] (now [[Malaysia]])
| residence = [[Bukit Damansara|Damansara Heights]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|4|17|1940|6|28|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Gua Tempurung]], [[Perak]], Malaysia
| spouse = Gurmit Kaur (1970–2014, his death)
| children = [[Jagdeep Singh Deo]] [[Gobind Singh Deo]] [[Ramkarpal Singh]] Sangeet Kaur Deo Mankarpal Singh
| parents = Ram Singh Deo (father) Kartar Kaur (mother)
| occupation = Politician
| profession = Lawyer
| relations =
| party = [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (1970–2014)
| alma_mater = [[National University of Singapore]]
| blank1 = Other name
| data1 = Tiger of Jelutong
| blank2 = Ethnicity
| data2 = [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]
| blank3 = Education
| data3 = [[St. Xavier's Institution]], [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], Penang
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

[[Malay styles and titles#State titles|Dato' Seri Utama]] '''Karpal Singh s/o Ram Singh Deo''' ({{lang-pa|ਕਰਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ|Karpāl Siṅgh}}; 28 June 1940 – 17 April 2014) was an [[Indian Malaysian]] politician and lawyer. He was [[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for the constituency of [[Bukit Gelugor]] in the state of [[Penang]] from [[2004 Malaysian general election|2004]] to 2014. During that time, he was also the National Chairman of the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP).<ref>Zurairi AR (18 April 2014). [http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/10-things-about-karpal-singh-the-tiger-of-jelutong 10 things about: Karpal Singh, The Tiger of Jelutong] ''[[The Malay Mail]]''. Retrieved on 21 April 2014.</ref>

Born in Penang to [[Sikh]] [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Malaysian Indian|Indian]] immigrant parents, Karpal studied law at the [[National University of Singapore]]. He was one of Malaysia's most prominent lawyers and took a number of high-profile cases, including drug-trafficking charges against foreign nationals. Karpal was an opponent of the death penalty, especially for drug trafficking.

In the courtroom and Parliament, he was a controversial figure. Karpal was suspended from Parliament several times, charged with [[sedition]] and detained under Malaysia's [[Internal Security Act (Malaysia)|internal-security law]]. His reputation as a lawyer and opposition politician gave him the nickname "the Tiger of Jelutong".

Karpal's political career began in 1970 (when he joined the DAP), and he won a seat in the [[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]] in [[1974 Malaysian general election|1974]]. He was elected to Parliament in [[1978 Malaysian general election|1978]] as representative for [[Jelutong|Jelutong, Penang]], and held the seat for more than 20 years until he lost it in [[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]]. Karpal returned to Parliament in the next general election, and led the DAP to its strongest-ever performance in the [[2008 Malaysian general election|2008 general election]]. A 2005 motor-vehicle accident put Karpal in a wheelchair, with neuro-motor problems in his right arm, but he continued his legal and political careers. He died on 17 April 2014 after another motor-vehicle accident.

==Early life and education==
Born in [[George Town, Penang|Georgetown]], [[Penang]], Karpal was the son of [[security guard|watchman]] and [[herder|herdsman]] Ram Singh Deo.<ref name="roaring">{{cite news |title=This Tiger's still roaring |url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2010/7/25/lifefocus/6713036&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726004855/http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F7%2F25%2Flifefocus%2F6713036&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2010 |last1=Vengadesan |first1=Martin |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=23 July 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="birthday tribute">{{cite news|title=A Birthday Tribute to DAP National Chairman Karpal Singh |date=July 2010 |pages=7–10 |publisher=[[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] |work=The Rocket |issn=1823-8424}}</ref> His mother was Kartar Kaur.

Karpal studied at [[St. Xavier's Institution]]<ref name="birthday tribute"/><ref name="sueking"/> and received his [[Bachelor of Laws]] from the [[National University of Singapore]],<ref name="roaring"/> where he was president of the student union.<ref name="birthday tribute"/> He was barred from his hostel for protesting the university's decision to mandate certificates of political suitability for incoming students.<ref name="birthday tribute"/> Karpal said he took seven years to graduate, admitting that he was "playful" and "didn't attend lectures".<ref name="roaring"/> After failing his final-year courses, the dean made him sit at the front of his classes; according to Karpal, "I couldn't play the fool anymore and I passed my exams accordingly!"<ref name="roaring"/>

==Legal career==
He was called to the Penang bar in 1969 and joined a firm in [[Alor Star]], [[Kedah]].<ref name="birthday tribute"/><ref name="sueking">{{cite journal |last1=Vatikiotis |first1=Michael |year=1993 |title=A Malaysian who dared sue a king |journal=[[Far Eastern Economic Review]] |volume=156 |issue=20 |pages=78 |url=http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business-international/Prince-of-patronage-shares-row-spotlights-controversial-Indian-leader.html |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref> Karpal founded his legal firm the following year,<ref name="pillar">{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/9/10/lifefocus/20060909190214&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009100118/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F9%2F10%2Flifefocus%2F20060909190214&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2008 |title=His pillar of strength |date=10 September 2006 |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> and was known for his expertise in the field of [[litigation]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://dapmalaysia.org/newenglish/leaders_biodata_karpal.htm |title=Karpal Singh |publisher=[[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] |access-date=28 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230150557/http://dapmalaysia.org/newenglish/leaders_biodata_karpal.htm |archive-date=30 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a pioneer in [[drug trafficking]] and [[habeas corpus]] cases, and opposed the [[death penalty]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=4608&Itemid=332|title = A tribute to Karpal Singh (1940–2014); Malaysian Bar|last = Sharmila|first = Joane|date = April–June 2014|journal = Praxis|access-date = 10 August 2014}}</ref> Karpal was praised for "defending the little man",<ref name="sueking"/> and was called "a friend to the oppressed and marginalised."<ref name="durable">{{cite news |title=Durable and obdurate |url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2010/7/25/lifefocus/6712597&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622045712/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F7%2F25%2Flifefocus%2F6712597&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 June 2011 |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=25 July 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] law professor [[Shad Saleem Faruqi]] praised Karpal's legal team for their innovative interpretations, which helped defendants with difficult cases.<ref name="durable"/>

===Death penalty===
Karpal was described as a leading opponent of the death penalty in Malaysia,<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=About Karpal Singh |url=http://www.lrwc.org/campaign/malaysia1.php |publisher=Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada |access-date=28 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114174606/http://www.lrwc.org/campaign/malaysia1.php |archive-date=14 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and successfully defended at least ten foreigners on serious drug charges (which have a mandatory death sentence).<ref name="sueking"/> However, in July 2010 he called for convicted [[Child sexual abuse|child rapists]] to receive the death sentence.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal cadang perogol kanak-kanak dihukum mati |url=http://malaysiakini.com/news/138852 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |language=ms |date=31 July 2010 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007100604/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/138852 |archive-date=7 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Among Karpal's highest-profile cases were his defence of Australian drug trafficker Kevin Barlow, who was [[Barlow and Chambers execution|executed]] in Malaysia in 1986.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1986/jul/07/fromthearchive |title=Brian Chambers and Kevin Barlow executed in Malaysia |last1=Hiett |first1=Peter |date=7 July 1986 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> Barlow and fellow Australian Brian Chambers were convicted of trafficking heroin by the [[High Courts of Malaysia|High Court in Penang]] in July 1985,<ref>{{cite news |title=No effort spared' in bid to save heroin convicts |last=Dover |first=Bruce |date=28 July 1985 |newspaper=[[The Sunday Mail (Brisbane)|The Sunday Mail]]}}</ref> and Karpal continued fighting to clear Barlow's name after his execution.<ref name="hangman">{{cite news |title=The man who fought the hangman |last=Petersen |first=Don |date=6 November 1986 |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]]}}</ref> Karpal also defended New Zealanders Lorraine Cohen and her son, Aaron, against heroin-trafficking charges in 1987.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lorraine's long, lonely wait on Malaysia's death row |last=Baker |first=M. |date=8 September 1988 |newspaper=[[Herald Sun]]}}</ref> They were convicted, with Lorraine sentenced to death and Aaron to life in prison. Lorraine's death sentence was [[Commutation (law)|commuted]] to life imprisonment in 1989, and both were pardoned and freed in 1996.<ref>{{cite news |title=Penang pardons NZ drug traffickers |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=27 May 1996}}</ref> In 1977, Karpal managed to persuade the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] to pardon a 14-year-old Chinese boy who was sentenced to death for possession of a firearm under the [[Internal Security Act 1960|Internal Security Act]], reportedly suggesting that to let the boy hang would be "politically explosive."<ref name="sueking"/>

===Anwar Ibrahim===
Karpal represented former Deputy Prime Minister [[Anwar Ibrahim]] during Anwar's 1998 [[Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials|sodomy trial]].<ref name="far east">{{cite book |title=The Far East and Australasia, 2003 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85743-133-9 |edition=34 |pages=770}}</ref> In September 1999, he produced a pathological report confirming high levels of [[arsenic]] in Anwar's body and accused authorities of poisoning him: "It could well be that someone out there wants to get rid of him ... even to the extent of murder ... I suspect people in high places are responsible for this situation."<ref name="about"/> The accusation led to Karpal's detention under the [[Sedition Act 1948|Sedition Act]] in January 2000.<ref name="tribute"/>

He was the lead defence counsel in Anwar's second sodomy trial, after new allegations in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anwar applies for new trial and judge |author=Irdiani Mohd Salleh |date=3 June 2011 |at=Local p. 14}}</ref> After a two-year trial, Anwar was acquitted on 10 January 2012;<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia's Anwar acquitted |url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/malaysias-anwar-acquitted-20120109-1pryd.html |work=[[The Age]] |date=10 January 2012 |first=Tom |last=Allard |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> however, the acquittal was overturned two years later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26479642|title=Malaysia jails Anwar Ibrahim for five years for sodomy|date=7 March 2014|work=BBC News|access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Entry into politics===
Karpal joined the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP) in 1970, citing its multiracial [[Party platform|platform]] after the [[13 May Incident|1969 race riots]].<ref name="roaring"/><ref name="At 70">{{cite news |title=At 70, Karpal says won't close shop |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/at-70-karpal-says-wont-close-shop/ |author=Shazwan Mustafa Kamal |date=28 June 2010 |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |access-date=30 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703082804/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/at-70-karpal-says-wont-close-shop/ |archive-date=3 July 2010 }}</ref> Although he planned to contest the [[1974 Malaysian general election|1974 general election]] in [[Penang]], he withdrew after his father's death. However, Karpal was persuaded by DAP national organising secretary [[Fan Yew Teng]] to stand for the [[Alor Setar]] parliamentary seat and the Alor Setar Bandar [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Kedah|state seat]].<ref name="roaring"/> He won only the state seat, the first DAP candidate to win a seat in [[Kedah]].<ref name="karpal">{{cite web |title=Karpal Singh |url=http://www.karpalsingh.net/ |access-date=28 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103134614/http://www.karpalsingh.net/ |archive-date=3 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the [[1978 Malaysian general election|1978 general elections]], Karpal won the [[Jelutong]] parliamentary seat and the [[Bukit Gelugor]] [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Pulau Pinang|state seat]]. He held the Bukit Gelugor state seat until 1990, losing subsequent elections for the [[Sungai Pinang]] and [[Padang Kota]] seats.

In 1989, Karpal accused Deputy Speaker D. P. Vijandran of appearing in pornographic videos.<ref>{{cite news |title=Porn row |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=22 December 1989 |page=8}}</ref> Although the allegations were dismissed due to lack of evidence, Vijandran resigned the following year.<ref name="lewd">{{cite news |title=Tape shows former Deputy Speaker in lewd acts: DAP |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |author=Kalimullah Hassan |date=21 July 1992}}</ref> In 1992, Karpal produced the alleged videotape in Parliament and gave it to Deputy Speaker [[Ong Tee Keat]].<ref name="lewd"/> Vijandran was convicted in May 1994 of fabricating evidence in an affidavit seeking a court order to stop his nephew from allegedly distributing pornographic videotapes in which he appeared,<ref>{{cite news |title=Former MIC leader in sex-tape case weds in India |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |date=10 June 1995}}</ref> but the conviction was overturned in 1998.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijandran acquitted on perjury charge after appeal |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=25 August 1998 |page=6}}</ref> In 2000, Karpal was ordered to pay Vijandran [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]500,000 (reduced to RM100,000 on appeal) in damages for defamation after he accused Vijandran of [[cheque fraud]].<ref>{{cite news |title=RM900,000 in damages for Vijandran |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vijandran-Karpal Singh suit: Damages reduced to RM100,000 |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=4 August 2000 |author=Ruslaini Abbas}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Wilderness}}Setback===
In the 1999 election, Karpal lost the Jelutong parliamentary seat he had held for 21 years, and DAP leader [[Lim Kit Siang]] was also defeated.<ref name="far east"/> The DAP had joined [[Barisan Alternatif]], an opposition alliance with [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat|Parti Keadilan]] and the [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS) (a move strongly supported by Karpal and Lim).<ref>{{cite news |title=Kit Siang: I will not cling to post |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=9 December 1999 |at=National p. 10}}</ref> Despite the ruling [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) coalition's significant losses in the election, Keadilan and PAS absorbed the gains as DAP support eroded due to suspicion of PAS and its hard-line Islamic stance.<ref name="Karpal on the DAP">{{cite news |title=Karpal on the DAP |url=http://www.thenutgraph.com/karpal-on-the-dap/ |last1=Loh |first1=Deborah |date=1 February 2010 |publisher=The Nut Graph |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> Although the DAP gained seats, the party performed well below expectations and Lim called the results a "catastrophic defeat".<ref>{{cite news |title=Out: Kit Siang as DAP chief |last=Pereira |first=Brendan |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |date=3 December 1999}}</ref> Despite the setback, Karpal remained as party deputy chairman and Lim became chairman after the resignation of long-serving chairman [[Chen Man Hin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kit Siang quits as sec-gen of DAP, elected chairman |author1=Patvinder Singh |author2=Abdul Razak Ahmad |date=3 December 1999 |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |page=1}}</ref> Karpal strongly opposed a PAS plan to introduce [[hudud]] (Islamic codes of behavior) into the [[Terengganu]] state legal system in 1999, threatening to take the state government to court.<ref>{{cite news |title=DAP to take Pas to court if hudud is implemented |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=3 December 1999 |last=Chong |first=Chee Seong |at=National p. 10}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Return to parliament}}Return to Parliament===
In the [[2004 Malaysian general election|2004 general election]], Karpal returned to [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]] with a 1,261-vote majority in the new [[Bukit Gelugor]] seat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election results 2004: Penang |url=http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/05/05p.html |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109063938/http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/05/05p.html |archive-date=9 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The DAP regained its position as the largest opposition party in Parliament,<ref>{{cite web |title=Election 2004 Results |url=http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/results.html |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108011020/http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/results.html |archive-date=8 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Karpal became the party's national chairman on 4 September 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Guan Eng is DAP leader |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/29742 |date=4 September 2004 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

On 7 September, he was sanctioned for "misleading Parliament" after claiming that MPs had to raise their right hand while they took the oath of office on 17 May. A report by the Parliamentary Rights and Privileges Committee gave Karpal three days to apologise or face a six-month suspension.<ref name="bio"/><ref>{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=Malaysia |url=http://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-07092004.pdf |title=Penyata Rasmi Parlimen|house=[[Dewan Rakyat]] |date=7 September 2004 |column=102 |speaker=Lim Si Cheng |position=Deputy Speaker}}</ref> He refused to apologise, and served the suspension.<ref name="mpinexile">{{cite news |title='MP-in-exile' Karpal will not apologise |url=http://www3.malaysiakini.com/news/29820 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |date=7 September 2004 |access-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721114924/http://www3.malaysiakini.com/news/29820 |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal Singh willing to serve out suspension |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=10 September 2004 |at=Nation}}</ref>

==={{anchor|"Political tsunami"}}Victories and controversy===
[[File:SSetev.jpg|thumb|right|250px|alt=A seated Karpal with four other people|Karpal Singh (seated on the left) holding a press conference in the parliament building with Shaariibuu Setev, the father of [[Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa|Altantuya Shaariibuu]]]]
Karpal retained his seat in the [[2008 Malaysian general election|2008 election]] with a nearly-20-fold-vote increased majority (21,015 votes).<ref>{{cite web |title=Election results 2008: Penang |url=http://thestar.com.my/election/results/05/05p.html |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327050113/http://thestar.com.my/election/results/05/05p.html |archive-date=27 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The election saw historic gains for the opposition, who denied the ruling coalition [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) a two-thirds majority in Parliament for the first time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia PM rejects calls to quit |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7285864.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=9 March 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

The three major opposition parties formed a coalition
(the [[Pakatan Rakyat]]),<ref>{{cite news |title=PKR, PAS, DAP to form Pakatan Rakyat |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/4/1/nation/20080401134152&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506115800/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F4%2F1%2Fnation%2F20080401134152&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2008 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=1 April 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref> and Karpal was listed as the DAP representative on the coalition's [[Shadow Cabinet|Shadow Ministry]] of Home Affairs Committee in July 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakatan forms shadow parliamentary committees |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/7/2/nation/20090702193646&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705081305/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F7%2F2%2Fnation%2F20090702193646&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 July 2009 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=2 July 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref>

In April 2010, he was suspended from Parliament for ten days after he called the speaker a "dictator".<ref>{{cite news|title=Karpal booted out for calling speaker a dictator |url=http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/new-straits-times/mi_8016/is_20100408/karpal-booted-calling-speaker-dictator/ai_n53071043/ |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=8 April 2010 |publisher=FindArticles.com |author=V. Vasudevan |access-date=9 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In December of that year, he and opposition MPs [[Anwar Ibrahim]], [[Azmin Ali]] and [[Sivarasa Rasiah]] were suspended for six months. Anwar was suspended for stirring up [[APCO Worldwide#Malaysia|controversy]] over government links to [[APCO Worldwide]], while the rest were punished for publicising a report by the Rights and Privileges Committee finding Anwar guilty before the report was presented to Parliament.<ref name="contempt">{{cite news |title=Anwar, three Pakatan MPs, suspended for six months |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/12/16/nation/20101216103951&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217033117/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F12%2F16%2Fnation%2F20101216103951&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 December 2010 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=16 December 2010 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref>

In December 2011, Karpal and Penang second deputy chief minister [[P. Ramasamy]] feuded over Ramasamy's reported accusation that dissidents in the DAP were plotting against him for not giving them projects and favours. Karpal called Ramasamy a "warlord" and asked for him to resign as deputy chief minister.<ref name="warlord">{{cite news |title=Karpal wants Ramasamy to quit over plot allegations |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/karpal-wants-ramasamy-to-quit-over-plot-allegations |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |date=24 December 2011 |first=Hong Chieh |last=Yow |access-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108073216/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/karpal-wants-ramasamy-to-quit-over-plot-allegations |archive-date=8 January 2012 }}</ref> Ramasamy asked the party to remove its "godfathers", an apparent reference to Karpal.<ref name="warlord"/> The feud was resolved internally, and Ramasamy later denied ever making the accusation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramasamy blames The Star for latest row with Karpal |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ramasamy-blames-the-star-for-latest-row-with-karpal |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |date=26 December 2011 |author=Lisa J. Ariffin |access-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107155637/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ramasamy-blames-the-star-for-latest-row-with-karpal |archive-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref> At the DAP national conference in January 2012, Karpal joined Ramasamy and asked the party's "warlords and godfathers [to] stand together against Barisan Nasional."<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal, Ramasamy end feud |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/1/8/nation/20120108120522&sec=nation |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721095951/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/1/8/nation/20120108120522&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 July 2012 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=8 January 2012 |first=Regina |last=Lee |access-date=21 January 2012 }}</ref>

==Political views==
Karpal Singh cited [[David Saul Marshall]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[John F. Kennedy]] as influences. The [[13 May Incident]] convinced him that Malaysia needed to take a multiracial course, and he joined the DAP in 1970. Karpal praised the country's first prime minister, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]] for promoting racial unity.<ref name="roaring"/> He criticised the legal immunity granted to the hereditary Malay rulers in the original [[Constitution of Malaysia|constitution]], which was [[1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia|removed]] by the government in 1993.<ref name="sueking"/><ref>{{cite news |title=All in the name of fair distribution of power |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Columns/2422273/Article/index_html |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=8 December 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208214756/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Columns/2422273/Article/index_html |archive-date=8 December 2008}}</ref>

Karpal Singh opposed the idea of Malaysia as an [[Islamic state]], arguing that the constitution provided for a secular nation with Islam as the official religion, and clashed with Mahathir and the fellow opposition party [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]] over the issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=No Islamic state for DAP, says Karpal |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/no-islamic-state-for-dap-says-karpal/ |author=Shazwan Mustafa Kamal |date=10 June 2010 |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |access-date=30 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103073319/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/no-islamic-state-for-dap-says-karpal/ |archive-date=3 January 2011 }}</ref> Karpal said "an Islamic state over my dead body" about the debate during a political speech,<ref name="roaring"/> but later said that he apologised for the remark.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal raps two NST journalists |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/2011/06/15/karpal-raps-two-nst-journalists/ |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=15 June 2011 |author=G. Vinod |access-date=15 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618012803/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/2011/06/15/karpal-raps-two-nst-journalists/ |archive-date=18 June 2011 }}</ref>

==Reputation==
Karpal was a controversial figure, and he and fellow DAP politician Lim Kit Siang were called racial provocateurs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Musa |first=M. Bakri |title=Towards A Competitive Malaysia |year=2007 |publisher=Strategic Information and Research Development Centre |location=Petaling Jaya |isbn=978-983-3782-20-8|pages=79 }}</ref> He was nicknamed "the Tiger of Jelutong" by admirers after serving five terms as Jelutong MP.<ref name="walk">{{cite news |title=I will walk again |url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2006/9/10/lifefocus/15373198&sec=lifefocus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009100113/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F9%2F10%2Flifefocus%2F15373198&sec=lifefocus |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2008 |date=26 September 2006 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> Karpal attributed the nickname to a confrontation with former [[Malaysian Indian Congress]] President [[Samy Vellu]] when he said to Samy, "he could be the lion, and I could be the tiger, because there are no lions in Malaysia!"<ref name="roaring"/>

===Controversies===
He clashed with government parliamentarians and assemblymen during debates. On two occasions in the Penang State Assembly, the speaker called police to have Karpal removed from the chamber.<ref name="hangman"/> Karpal ordered the police officers out both times, saying that they had no right to be there before walking out on his own.<ref name="hangman"/>

He criticised the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] in the [[Dewan Rakyat]] for allegedly assaulting two men who were brought to the palace by police, which sparked demands for an apology from members of Parliament; Karpal refused.<ref name="hangman"/> Karpal filed a lawsuit against the king, [[Iskandar of Johor]], in 1986 on behalf of one of the men. He lost, and the sultan reportedly named one of his dogs after him.<ref name="sueking"/>

Karpal served two six-month suspensions from Parliament: in September 2004 for "misleading" Parliament,<ref name="mpinexile"/> and in December 2010 for contempt.<ref name="contempt"/> During a May 2008 session, he called fellow parliamentarian [[Bung Mokhtar Radin]] the "[[Bigfoot]] from [[Kinabatangan]]".<ref name="zoo">{{cite news |title=Dewan turns into a 'zoo' over seating position, name-calling |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/5/1/nation/21116600&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150043/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F5%2F1%2Fnation%2F21116600&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2012 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=1 May 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref> Moments later, Karpal was mocked by [[Ibrahim Ali (Malaysia)|Ibrahim Ali]] and [[Bung Moktar Radin]] for his inability to stand while speaking (provoking a furore among opposition MPs).<ref name="zoo"/> The following month, he received a death threat in the form of a bullet delivered to his law firm.<ref name="threat">{{cite news |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/20080521194237/1 |title=Dewan Dispatches: The Tiger bites the bullet |author=Azmi Anshar |date=21 May 2008 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608053005/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Wednesday/Frontpage/20080521194237/1 |archive-date=8 June 2008}}</ref> In October, Karpal was suspended from Parliament for two days for calling Speaker [[Pandikar Amin Mulia]] "not serious" and "playful".<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal slapped with two-day suspension |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/91794 |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |date=23 October 2008 |author=Rahmah Ghazali |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

===Detentions===
He and a number of other opposition politicians were detained without trial under the [[Internal Security Act 1960|Internal Security Act]] during [[Operation Lalang]] in October 1987 for inciting "racial tension" in Malaysia.<ref name="tribute">{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=New South Wales |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20020618035 |house=[[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]] |date=18 June 2002 |speaker=[[Paul Gibson (politician)|Paul Gibson]] |column=3263 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304130748/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20020618035 |archivedate=4 March 2008 }}</ref> Karpal was released for several hours in March 1988 in response to a [[habeas corpus]] application before being rearrested and imprisoned until January 1989.<ref name="sueking"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia suspends top judge who criticized Prime Minister |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=7 June 1988}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] called him a [[prisoner of conscience]].<ref name="tribute"/>

===Sedition trials===
Karpal, four other opposition politicians and the editor of the ''Harakah Daily'' (the newspaper published by the opposition [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]]) were arrested in January 2000 under the [[Sedition Act 1948|Sedition Act]],<ref name="far east"/> and he was charged with making seditious remarks in court during Anwar's first corruption trial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Opposition leaders, editor arrested |agency=[[Bernama]] |date=14 January 2000 |publisher=BBC Summary of World Broadcasts |at=FE/D3737/S1}}</ref> This, the only known charge of sedition in any [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] country brought against a lawyer for remarks made in court in defence of a client,<ref name="about"/> was dropped in 2002.<ref name="about"/><ref name="charged">{{cite news |title=Karpal to be charged for sedition against Perak Sultan |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/3/16/nation/20090316200620&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320065155/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F3%2F16%2Fnation%2F20090316200620&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 March 2009 |last1=Charles |first1=Lourdes |last2=Lee |first2=Yuk Peng |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=16 March 2009 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref>

He was again charged under the Sedition Act in March 2009 with threatening to sue the [[Sultan of Perak]], [[Sultan Azlan Shah]], in the wake of the [[2009 Perak constitutional crisis]]. Karpal had contended that the sultan had exceeded his constitutional powers in appointing [[Zambry Abdul Kadir]] [[Chief Ministers in Malaysia|Menteri Besar]].<ref name="charged"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysian MP on sedition charges |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7947461.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=17 March 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> The charges were dismissed in June 2010 after the [[High Courts of Malaysia|High Court]] determined that the prosecution had failed to prove a ''[[prima facie]]'' case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karpal Singh acquitted of sedition against Sultan of Perak |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/6/11/nation/20100611153445&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614101919/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F6%2F11%2Fnation%2F20100611153445&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 June 2010 |author1=Nurbaiti Hamdan |last2=Goh |first2=Lisa |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=11 June 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref> However, the [[Court of Appeal of Malaysia|Court of Appeal]] reversed the acquittal in January 2012 and ordered Karpal to enter a defence.<ref>{{cite news |title=Appeal Court reverses Karpal's sedition acquittal, orders defence |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/appeal-court-reverses-karpals-sedition-acquittal-orders-defence/ |publisher=[[The Malaysian Insider]] |date=20 January 2012 |first=Clara |last=Chooi |access-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122224048/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/appeal-court-reverses-karpals-sedition-acquittal-orders-defence |archive-date=22 January 2012 }}</ref> In March 2019, 10 years after the incident the Federal Court acquitted Karpal posthumously.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/03/29/federal-court-posthumously-acquits-karpal-singh-of-sedition/1737749|title=Federal Court posthumously acquits Karpal Singh of sedition (VIDEO) {{!}} Malay Mail|last1=Lim|first1=Ida|last2=Moses|first2=Lazareen Thaveethu|website=www.malaymail.com|date=29 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==

===Family===
[[File:KARPAL SINGH - OIL PAINTING.jpg|thumb|alt=Oil painting of a smiling Karpal|Oil portrait of Karpal]]
Karpal married Gurmit Kaur, eight years his junior, in July 1970. Gurmit's family, from [[Narathiwat]], [[Thailand]], moved to Penang when she was seven.<ref name="roaring"/><ref name="pillar"/> They had five children and eleven grandchildren.<ref name="pillar"/> Karpal's eldest son, [[Jagdeep Singh Deo|Jagdeep]], is the [[Dewan Undangan Negeri Pulau Pinang|Penang State Assemblyman]] for [[Datok Keramat (state constituency)|Datok Keramat]]; his second son, [[Gobind Singh Deo|Gobind]], was the [[Minister of Communications and Multimedia (Malaysia)|Minister of Communications and Multimedia]] and is the [[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] for [[Puchong (federal constituency)|Puchong]], [[Selangor]]. His third son, [[Ramkarpal Singh|Ramkarpal]] succeeded him as the MP for [[Bukit Gelugor (federal constituency)|Bukit Gelugor]] after his death. His daughter, Sangeet Kaur works in his law firm and his youngest son, Man Karpal studied [[actuarial science]].<ref name="roaring"/>

Gurmit described Karpal's detention from 1987 to 1989 as a "very big experience", which took a toll on her life because she had to "be strong" for their young children.<ref name="durable"/> The initial stage of his disability also deeply upset her.<ref name="pillar"/> Karpal and Gurmit lived in [[Damansara Heights]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], from 1994 until his death.<ref name="pillar"/>

===Accident and disability===
On 28 January 2005, Karpal was involved in an accident which left him in a wheelchair. A car struck a taxi in which he was seated from behind, severely bruising his [[thoracic vertebrae]]. The accident left Karpal with sensory impairment and reduced motor strength, and he was unable to walk or raise his right arm more than a few centimeters.<ref name="pillar"/><ref name="walk"/><ref name="threat"/> His seat in the parliamentary chamber was moved to the back row to accommodate his wheelchair.<ref name="walk"/>

===Death===
[[File:Karpalacident.jpg|thumb|alt=Smashed white minivan|Karpal's minivan after the accident]]
In the early hours of 17 April 2014, Karpal died in a car crash on the [[North–South Expressway Northern Route|North–South Expressway E1]] near Gua Tempurung, Perak. His personal assistant, Michael Cornelius, was also killed in the accident. Ramkarpal (Karpal's son and one of the minivan's five occupants) and an Indonesian maid believed to have been employed by Karpal were injured.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karpal killed in car crash|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/karpal-killed-in-car-crash/|access-date=17 April 2014|newspaper=Free Malaysia Today|date=17 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417155355/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/karpal-killed-in-car-crash/|archive-date=17 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The driver of the minivan was injured as well. Karpal's [[Toyota Alphard]] collided with the right side of a slow-moving, five-tonne [[Mitsubishi Fuso Canter|Mitsubishi Canter]] lorry carrying cement, steel, and tiles. Although the lorry driver (identified as Abu Mansor Mohd) tested positive for cannabis, it was uncertain if he was under influence at the time of the accident.<ref name="Karpal killed in car crash">{{cite news|title=Karpal killed in car crash|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/lorry-driver-had-traces-of-cannabis/|access-date=17 April 2014|newspaper=Free Malaysia Today|date=17 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013657/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/04/17/lorry-driver-had-traces-of-cannabis/|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to Bukit Aman traffic-police chief [[Senior assistant commissioner|SAC]] Mohd Fuad Abdul Latiff, road conditions and the weather were good at the time of the accident.<ref name="Karpal killed in car crash"/>

Karpal's funeral was held on 20 April 2014 with full state honors in Penang, attended by his Family, Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]] and other mourners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full state honour at Indo-Malaysian leader Karpal Singh's funeral|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/full-state-honour-at-indo-malaysian-leader-karpal-singhs-funeral/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
His body reached the Batu Gantong Crematorium, George Town, Penang at 1:35 pm and was cremated after thousands of mourners chanted his name.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karpal Singh cremated after emotional farewell|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/04/20/Karpal-Singh-cremated-after-emotional-farewell/|last=Chow|first=Tan Sin|date=20 April 2014|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> His son, Gobind, memorialised him on 5 May during the last of a series of tributes.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Malaysia where all Malaysians are equal, that's the perfect tribute to Karpal, says Gobind|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/a-malaysia-where-all-malaysians-are-equal-thats-the-perfect-tribute-to-karp|url-status=dead|last=Sue-Chern|first=Looi|work=[[The Malaysian Insider]]|date=6 May 2014|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509080240/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/a-malaysia-where-all-malaysians-are-equal-thats-the-perfect-tribute-to-karp|archive-date=9 May 2014}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Memorials|Karpal Singh Drive|Biography|Awards and accolades}}Memorials, awards and accolades==
On 19 April 2014, two days after his death, the IJM Promenade in Lebuh Sungai Pinang was renamed [[Karpal Singh Drive]] (Persiaran Karpal Singh).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/04/20/penang-promenade-to-be-named-karpal-singh-drive/|title=Penang promenade to be named Karpal Singh Drive|date=20 April 2014|work=The Star|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> ''The Full Biography: Karpal Singh, Tiger of Jelutong'' by Tim Donoghue, published in 2014 by Marshal Cavendish International, is an updated edition of Donoghue's ''Karpal Singh: Tiger of Jelutong'' which published prior to his death.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Karpal Singh: Tiger of Jelutong|last = Donoghue|first = Tim|publisher = Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|year = 2013|isbn = 9789814516709|location = Singapore|pages = 361}}</ref> Karpal received the Glory of India Award of Excellence in 2011, and was one of the top 10 NRI Newsmakers of 2008.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=3 August 2016|title=Karpal Singh Ram Singh v Public Prosecutor|url=http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/directory/judgment/file/KarpalSingh-W-05(S)66-03-2014.pdf|journal=Criminal Appeal No: W-05-78-03/2014|access-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919002403/http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/directory/judgment/file/KarpalSingh-W-05(S)66-03-2014.pdf|archive-date=19 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshow/3903535.cms|title=The Top 10 NRI Newsmakers of 2008|date=28 December 2008|access-date=8 August 2016|via=The Economic Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215031945/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshow/3903535.cms|archive-date=15 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Honours==
* {{Flag|Penang}} :
** [[File:MY-PEN Order of the Defender of State - Knight Grand Commander - DUPN.svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the [[List of post-nominal letters (Penang)|Order of the Defender of State]] (DUPN) – '''Dato' Seri Utama''' (2020–posthumously)<ref>{{cite web|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star Online]]|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/12/15/karpal-singh-heads-penang-awards-list|title=The late Karpal Singh heads Penang awards list}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]]|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/12/15/penang-gives-karpal-singh-posthumous-award-bearing-datuk-seri-title/1932112|title=Penang gives Karpal Singh posthumous award bearing Datuk Seri title}}</ref>

==Election results==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+ '''[[Dewan Rakyat|Parliament of Malaysia]]'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM KE-12 |url=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=semak.spr.gov.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM - PARLIMEN |url=http://resultpru13.spr.gov.my/module/keputusan/paparan/5_KeputusanDR.php?kod=05100 |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=resultpru13.spr.gov.my}}</ref>
!|Year
!|Constituency
!colspan=2|
!|Votes
!|Pct
!colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballots cast
!|Majority
!|Turnout
|-
|[[1974 Malaysian general election|1974]]
|'''[[Alor Setar (federal constituency)|Alor Setar]]'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|Karpal Singh Ram Singh}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]])
|align="right" |9,450
|41.32%
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|'''Oo Gin Sun''' '''([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])'''
|align="right" |'''13,420'''
|'''58.68%'''
|23,939
|3,970
|61.24%
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1978 Malaysian general election|1978]]
|rowspan=8|'''[[Jelutong (federal constituency)|Jelutong]]'''
|rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|rowspan=2| {{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|rowspan=2 align="right" |'''23,606'''
|rowspan=2|'''51.33%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Lee Him ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |19,985
|43.45%
|rowspan=2|47,308
|rowspan=2|3,621
|rowspan=2|
|-
|{{Party shading/Independent}} |
|Yeap Ghim Guan ([[Social Democratic Party (Malaysia)|SDP]])
|align="right" |2,401
|5.22%
|-
|[[1982 Malaysian general election|1982]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''29,099'''
|'''55.21%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Ooi Ean Kwong ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |23,603
|44.79%
|53,870
|5,496
|75.77%
|-
|[[1986 Malaysian general election|1986]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''25,932'''
|'''62.09%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|[[Lim Boo Chang]] ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |15,833
|37.91%
|42,723
|10,099
|71.34%
|-
|[[1990 Malaysian general election|1990]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''27,426'''
|'''60.05%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Ooi Ean Kwong ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |18,248
|39.95%
|46,515
|9,178
|74.87%
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1995 Malaysian general election|1995]]
|rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|rowspan=2|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|rowspan=2 align="right" |'''21,896'''
|rowspan=2|'''49.84%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Rhina Bhar @ Rani Raj Pal ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|Gerakan]])
|align="right" |21,613
|49.19%
|rowspan=2|44,922
|rowspan=2|283
|rowspan=2|75.05%
|-
|{{Party shading/green}} |
|Lim Cheak Kow ([[Parti Bersatu Sabah|PBS]])
|align="right" |425
|0.97%
|-
|[[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|Karpal Singh Ram Singh}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]])
|align="right" |20,716
|49.08%
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|'''Lee Kah Choon''' ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|'''Gerakan''']])
|align="right" |'''21,491'''
|'''50.92%'''
|43,239
|775
|72.82%
|-
|[[2004 Malaysian general election|2004]]
|rowspan=3|'''[[Bukit Gelugor (federal constituency)|Bukit Gelugor]]'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''22,529'''
|'''51.44%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|[[Lim Boo Chang]] ([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])
|align="right" |21,268
|48.56%
|44,618
|1,261
|74.21%
|-
|[[2008 Malaysian general election|2008]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''35,140'''
|'''71.33%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Koay Kar Huah ([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])
|align="right" |14,125
|28.67%
|50,553
|21,015
|77.05%
|-
|[[2013 Malaysian general election|2013]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Karpal Singh Ram Singh'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''56,303'''
|'''80.55%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Teh Beng Yeam ([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])
|align="right" |13,597
|19.45%
|70,683
|42,706
|86.31%
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+'''[[Penang State Legislative Assembly]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=DAP announces SDR. Karpal Singh as its candidate in the Prai by-election « Pursuit of a Malaysian Dream |date=7 July 1991 |url=https://bibliotheca.limkitsiang.com/1991/07/07/dap-announces-sdr-karpal-singh-as-its-candidate-in-the-prai-by-election/}}</ref>
!Year
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |
!Votes
!Pct
! colspan="2" |Opponent(s)
!Votes
!Pct
!Ballots cast
!Majority
!Turnout
|-
|[[1991 Prai by-election|1991]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Perai (state constituency)|Prai]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|Karpal Singh Ram Singh ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]])
|
|
| {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|'''V Muthusamy ([[Malaysian Indian Congress|MIC]])'''
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==See also==

* [[List of Malaysian politicians of Indian descent]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|http://www.karpalsingh.net/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111230150557/http://dapmalaysia.org/newenglish/leaders_biodata_karpal.htm Karpal Singh] – Official Democratic Action Party profile

{{S-start}}
{{S-par|my}}
{{S-bef|before=Rasiah Rajasingam}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] for [[Jelutong]]|years=[[1978 Malaysian general election|1978]]–[[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lee Kah Choon]]}}
|-
{{S-bef|before=[[Election Commission of Malaysia|Constituency created]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bukit Gelugor]]|years=[[2004 Malaysian general election|2004]]–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ramkarpal Singh]]}}
|-
{{S-ppo}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Lim Kit Siang]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=National Chairman of the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]]|years=2004–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Tan Kok Wai]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Karpal}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian Sikhs]]
[[Category:20th-century Malaysian lawyers]]
[[Category:Malaysian politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Democratic Action Party (Malaysia) politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Dewan Rakyat]]
[[Category:Members of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Penang State Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Malaysian politicians with disabilities]]
[[Category:Malaysian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Malaysia]]
[[Category:Anti–death penalty activists]]
[[Category:National University of Singapore alumni]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of State of Penang]]
[[Category:Wheelchair users]]
[[Category:Lawyers with disabilities]]

Karmo Kaur

2023-10-03T15:44:11Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Sardarni Karam Kaur
| title = Sardarni of Nakai Misl 
Regent of Nakai Misl
| image =
| pre-type2 = Monarch
| predecessor2 = Bhagwan Singh Gyan Singh
| reign2 = {{circa}} 1784 – 1797
| succession = [[Regent]] of the [[Nakai Misl]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1806
| death_place = [[Baherwal Kalan]], [[Nakai Misl]], [[Sikh Empire]] (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
| consort = yes
| spouse = [[Ran Singh Nakai]]
| issue = Bhagwan Singh Gyan Singh Khazan Singh [[Datar Kaur]]
| house = Nakai (by marriage)
| father =
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
}}

'''Sardarni Karam Kaur''' popularly known as Karmo Kaur was the wife of [[Ran Singh Nakai]],the third ruler of the [[Nakai Misl]]. She served as the regent of the Nakai Misl during the reign of her sons, Bhagwan Singh and Gyan Singh. Being the mother of [[Maharani Datar Kaur]], she was the mother-in-law of [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], the founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]. She was the grandmother of [[Maharaja Kharak Singh]], the second king of the Sikh Empire and [[Kahan Singh Nakai|Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai]], the last chief of the Nakai Misl.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sandhu|first=Jaspreet Kaur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSVuAAAAMAAJ&q=sardarni+karmo+kaur|title=Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective|date=2000|publisher=Vision & Venture|isbn=978-81-86769-12-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CA9DAAAAYAAJ&q=sardarni+karmo+kaur|title=The Panjab Past and Present|date=1989|publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Siṅgha|first=Bhagata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ&q=sardarni+karmo+kaur|title=A History of the Sikh Misals|date=1993|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Bibi Karmo Kaur was married to Ran Singh Sandhu, son of Natha Singh Sandhu, around 1767 when he only 17 years old. During this time [[Heera Singh Sandhu|Sardar Heera Singh Sandhu]] was chief of the Nakai Misl. Soon after his death in 1767 and her father-in-law's dead in 1768, Nahar Singh Sandhu, elder brother of Ran Singh, succeeded Sardar Heera Singh as the Nakai chief. Heera Singh's son Dal Singh was still a suckling infant hence it was decided to pass the [[sardar]]i to Natha Singh's son.<ref>Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Patiala, India: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 162.</ref> Nahar Singh's reign didn't last very long, he died just nine months after his succession, in a fight at [[Kot kamalia]] in 1769. After his death Ran Singh, became the next Sardar of the Misl.<ref>Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Patiala, India: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 162.</ref> Upon her husband's accession, she became the sardarni of the Nakai Misl.

Ran Singh was a very ambitious man - his ambitious were matched by his courageous spirit. Under his leadership the Nakais rose to a very strong and important position in Punjab and acquired much territory under his rule. Ran Singh harbored ambitious to conquer Multan, but he was preoccupied by Wazir Singh's and [[kharal]] tribe's armed operations against him.<ref>singha, bhagata (1993). a history of the sikh misals. patiala, india: publication bureau, punjabi university. p. 163.</ref> Ran Singh died in battle against the Kharals in 1784.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh Khazan|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46356|title=History And Philosophy Of The Sikh Religion|date=1914}}</ref> At the time of his death the Misl controlled [[Baharwal]], [[Bucheki]], [[Changa Manga]], Chhichha, [[Chunian]], [[Chunian]], Dhaulri, [[Dipalpur]], Faridabad, Fatahpur, Gugaira, Harappa, Jambar, [[Jethpur]], Kanganpur, Khudian, [[Pakpattan]], [[Raiwind]], [[Chichawatni]], [[Fatehabad, Punjab|Fatehabad, Killianwala]], Kot Kamalia, [[Sahiwal]], [[Syedwala]], [[Sharakpur]], [[Shergarh, Punjab|Shergarh]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dusenbery|first=Verne A.|date=2020-10-01|title=From 'overseas Sikhs' to 'the Sikh diaspora' to 'global Sikhs': Retrospect and prospects in the study of Sikhs beyond the subcontinent|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448727.2020.1846373|journal=Sikh Formations|volume=16|issue=4|pages=441–447|doi=10.1080/17448727.2020.1846373|s2cid=228096974|issn=1744-8727}}</ref>

During the course of their marriage Sardar Ran Singh and Sardarni Karmo Kaur became parents to four children, 3 sons and a daughter.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gill|first=Avtar Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fn1uAAAAMAAJ&q=Wahi+,+the+special+maid+-+servant+of+the+deceased+Mai+Nakayan+(+Rani+Raj+Kaur+,+mother+of+the+Maharaja+)+started+weeping+very+bitterly+and+crying+a+great+deal+plaintively+and+carried+on+the+mourning+by+striking+her+head+against+the+wall|title=Blood Bath After Ranjit Singh|date=2006|publisher=Jaswant Printers|language=en}}</ref>

* Sardar Bhagwan Singh Nakai (1770-1789), fourth chief of the Nakai Misl, succeeded his father
* Sardar Gyan Singh Nakai (1772-1807), succeeded his brother as the fifth chief of the Nakai Misl
* Sahib Khazan Singh Nakai (1778-1835), was granted a jagir at Nankot by his brother-in-law, [[Maharaja Ranjeet Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]
* [[Datar Kaur|Bibi Raj Kaur Nakai]] (1784-1838), was the [[queen consort]] of the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Patwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fg4CBAAAQBAJ|title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh|last2=Rai|first2=Jyoti M.|date=2008-11-01|publisher=Peter Owen Publishers|isbn=978-0-7206-1371-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sood|first=D. R|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/499465766|title=Ranjit Singh.|date=1981|publisher=National Book Trust|location=New Delhi|language=English|oclc=499465766}}</ref>

== Regent ==
After the death of her husband, the Misl became week due to Wazir Singh's raging constant wars against Bhagwan Singh Nakai who had succeeded his father. Realizing he will soon lose all his territory he sought his mothers help. Sardarni Karmo Kaur took hold of the situation and arranged for a meeting with Wazir Singh. Accompanied by her three sons — Bhagwan Singh, Gian Singh and Khazan Singh, went Syedwala and got her villages released, in order to do that she had to accept allegiance to Wazir Singh.<ref>Shah, Bute. Tawarikh-i-Punjab, IV, MS., Ganda Singh collection. Patiala. p. 63.</ref> Discerned that Wazir Singh was still a danger, she sent [[Maha Singh|Sardar Maha Singh]], chief of the powerful [[Sukerchakia Misl]] a proposal to get her infant daughter, Raj Kaur betrothed to his four-year-old son, Ranjit Singh. This was the first alliance between Nakais and Sukherchakias, and it provided Sardarni Karmo and Sardar Bhagwan Singh with a ally that would help them counter Wazir Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sheikh|first=Majid|date=2021-04-25|title=Three Maharanis of the great Sikh Maharajahs|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1620259|access-date=2021-10-21|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> Wazir Singh tried to break off this match, but was unable to do so. In an attempt to mislead her, Wazir Singh claimed that the Nakai Sandhu Jatts are superior to the Sukerchakias, but Sardarni Karmo Kaur refused to break off the match and stated as Sikhs we are all equal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Griffin|first=Lepel Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0ABAAAAQAAJ&q=nakka+misl&pg=PA118|title=The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Panjab Government|date=1865|publisher=T.C. McCarthy|language=en}}</ref><ref>Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 164.</ref> Eventually Wazir Singh also befriended Maha Singh, the latter tried to reconcile the differences between Bhagwan Singh and Wazir Singh, but in vain. Later in 1785, Maha Singh was facing attacks from Sardar [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] of the [[Kanhaiya Misl]] and called on Bhagwan Singh and Wazir Singh to aid him. After their victory against the [[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiyas]], Maha Singh began to favor Wazir Singh, which made Bhagwan Singh fell left out.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Griffin|first=Lepel Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0ABAAAAQAAJ&q=nakka+misl&pg=PA118|title=The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Panjab Government|date=1865|publisher=T.C. McCarthy|language=en}}</ref> Despite Maha Singh's efforts to bring peace, Bhagwan Singh and Wazir Singh continued to engage in constant warfare and in 1789 Bhagwan Singh was killed by Wazir Singh.<ref>Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 164.</ref> Dal Singh, son of Heera Singh Sandhu avenged the death of Bhagwan Singh by killing Wazir Singh but was killed by a servant of Wazir Singh.<ref>Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 164.</ref>

Her second son, Gyan Singh succeeded the elder son, Bhagwan Singh.<ref>Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 164.</ref> She continued to guide Gyan Singh in the affairs of the state, and with the family's old enemy Wazir Singh being killed by Dal Singh, son of [[Heera Singh Sandhu]], Gyan Singh had a relatively peaceful reign.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Griffin|first=Lepel Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0ABAAAAQAAJ&q=nakka+misl&pg=PA118|title=The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Panjab Government|date=1865|publisher=T.C. McCarthy|language=en}}</ref>

In 1797, Nakais assisted the then Sardar Ranjit Singh of the Sukerchakia Misl to expel the attempts of Shah Zaman to annex Punjab region into his control through his general Shahanchi Khan and 12,000 soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D068dKeyGW4C&q=maha+singh&pg=PA3|title=Ranjit Singh|date=2009-03-24|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306543-2|language=en}}</ref> In 1797, Ranjit Singh sought for Raj Kaur Nakain's hand in marriage as they have been betrothed for sometime now. Gyan Singh was reported not pleased as in 1796, [[Raj Kaur]] (Mai Malwain), the mother of Ranjit Singh had gotten him married to [[Mehtab Kaur]], daughter of [[Sada Kaur]] and [[Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya|Gurbaksh Singh]] of the [[Kanhaiya Misl]]. Upon his mother's advice Gyan Singh agreed and Raj Kaur was married to Ranjit Singh who then renamed her 'Datar Kaur' as many ladies in the Sukerchakia Misl bore the name "Raj Kaur", like Ranjit Singh mother and his aunt (daughter of [[Charat Singh|Sardar Charat Singh]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lafont|first=Jean Marie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrG_aJTgnw0C&q=desan+kaur&pg=PA14|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh|date=2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|language=en}}</ref> Datar Kaur was affectionately called Mai Nakain by Ranjit Singh, though Ranjit Singh married several times for political reasons, Datar Kaur remained his favorite and most respected wife.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D068dKeyGW4C&q=maha+singh&pg=PA3|title=Ranjit Singh|date=2009-03-24|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306543-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Vaḥīduddīn, Faqīr Sayyid|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/52691326|title=The real Ranjit Singh|date=2001|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|isbn=81-7380-778-7|oclc=52691326}}</ref> Later that same year when Shah Zaman invaded Punjab again, the sardars united under Ranjit Singh and let his army enter [[Lahore]] only blocked off all food and supplies which lead to his army retreating. While they were busy fighting in Lahore, Muzaffar Khan, Shah's relative and governor of [[Multan]] province, took advantage of the situation and took [[Syedwala]]. In 1799, Nakais helped Ranjit Singh and Sada Kaur liberate Lahore from the [[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Sardars]]. On April 2, 1801, Ranjit Singh founded the [[Sikh Empire|Sarkar e Khalsa]] and proclaimed himself the "Maharaja of Punjab". Earlier that year in February, Datar Kaur had given birth to Ranjit Singh's first son and [[heir apparent]], Kharak Singh and four years later she gave birth to another son, [[Rattan Singh]]. Datar Kaur took an active interest in the affairs of the State, and being the mother of Ranjit Singh's eldest sons- who became first and second in the line of succession to [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh's throne|The throne of Punjab]], she became his [[Queen consort|chief consort]]. In 1818, she given command during the [[Siege of Multan (1818)|Battle of Multan]] along with her son, Kharak Singh the then [[Crown prince|Sri Tikka Kanwar (Crown Prince)]] and together they conquered Multan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Atwal|first=Priya|date=2020-11-01|title=Royals and Rebels|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197548318.001.0001|doi=10.1093/oso/9780197548318.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-754831-8}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:1806 deaths]]

Karamjit Singh

2023-10-03T15:44:00Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{For|the United Kingdom Electoral Commissioner|Karamjit Singh (electoral commissioner)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox WRC driver
| name = Karamjit Singh
| image = Karamjit Singh.jpg
| caption =
| nationality = {{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]n
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|1|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| Years = [[1994 World Rally Championship season|1994]]–[[1997 World Rally Championship season|1997]], [[2000 World Rally Championship season|2000]], [[2002 World Rally Championship season|2002]]–[[2005 World Rally Championship season|2005]]
| Co-driver =
| Teams =
| Races = 32
| Championships = 0
| Wins = 0
| Podiums = 0
| Stagewins = 0
| Points = 1
| First race = 1994 [[RAC Rally]]
| First win =
| Last win =
| Last race =
}}
'''Karamjit Singh''' ({{lang-pa|ਕਰਮਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ|Karamajīta sigha}}; born 29 January 1962), also known as the '''Flying Sikh''', is a [[Malaysia]]n professional [[racing driver|race driver]] in [[rallying]], and was the first [[Asia]]n driver to win the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA) [[Production Car World Championship]] for Drivers, doing so on his first try. He has been rallying professionally since 1985. He has won the 2001 [[Asia Pacific Rally Championship]] for Drivers, the 2002 FIA Production Car World Championship for Drivers, as well as the 2002 and 2004 FIA Asia Pacific Rally Championship for Drivers. He has raced for the [[Petronas]] EON Racing Team and Team [[Proton Holdings|Proton]] Pert Malaysia using Proton [[4WD]] rally [[car]]s. His co-drivers have been (in chronological order) [[Ron Teoh]], [[Allen Oh]] and John Bennie. Karamjit is currently racing a [[2WD]] [[Proton Satria R3|Proton Satria Neo CPS R3]] for the [[CUSCO Japan]] team in the Asia Pacific Rally Championships in 2011<ref>[http://paultan.org/2011/05/11/karamjit-singh-to-make-aprc-comeback-at-this-weekends-rally-of-queensland-driving-a-cusco-satria-neo-2wd/ Karamjit Singh to make APRC comeback at this weekend’s Rally of Queensland, driving a CUSCO Satria Neo 2WD!]</ref> after moving from the Proton R3 Malaysia Rally Team<ref>[http://paultan.org/2009/08/13/proton-r3-malaysia-rally-team-with-neo-s2000-and-karamjitjagdev-officially-launched/ Proton R3 Malaysia Rally Team with Neo S2000 and Karamjit and Jagdev officially launched!]</ref>

==Sponsorship difficulties==
In 2005, Singh began facing trouble in finding sponsors, and was unable to participate in half out of the eight rounds in the FIA Asia Pacific Rally Championship. His team itself did not have enough money to pay for [[mechanic]]s and maintenance of his vehicle, and due to his absence from so many rounds in the championship, the FIA slapped him with a fine of 10,000 [[Euro]]s. Singh did not even have enough money to ship his vehicle back to Malaysia from [[New Zealand]], which itself would cost about [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]57,000. Singh's plight made the headlines of a few [[newspaper]]s in Malaysia, who had been informed that Singh was in the process of selling off his [[apartment]] to pay his fine and ship his car home.

When informed about the possibility of receiving public or government assistance, Singh refused such offers, stating that he believed he could find enough corporate sponsors to avoid burdening the public. Rather than accepting assistance from individuals, Singh said he would consider racing for another country. When informed, the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]], [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]] reportedly asked: "If Karamjit is a Malaysian and has been producing results and bringing honour to the country, why has support not been accorded to him?"

The Malaysian Sports Minister, [[Azalina Othman Said]], was also reported as stating that she had been ordered to look into the matter, and that "we want to find out why the private sector have not come forward and secondly, if Karamjit has someone to manage him and put forward his cause in the right perspective so sponsors can come forward and use the spin-off from their association."

==Sponsorship resolved (July 2007)==
After a couple of year partial absence from the rally arena, now Karamjit Singh has the opportunities to have a kickback in action via a new management and sponsorship. Teamed up with corporate entities (Aldwich Berhad), Karamjit has starting a new team known as Team Templer Motorsport. And Also A Logistic Company In PJ sponsored. Alps Freight Logistics.

==WRC results==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Car
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! {{Tooltip|WDC|Championship position}}
! Pts
|-
| [[1994 World Rally Championship|1994]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Wira|Proton Wira 4WD]]
| [[1994 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
| [[1994 Rally Portugal|POR]]
| [[1994 Rally Safari|KEN]]
| [[1994 Rally de France|FRA]]
| [[1994 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
| [[1994 Rally Argentina|ARG]]
| [[1994 Rally New Zealand|NZL]]
| [[1994 Rally Finland|FIN]]
| [[1994 Rally Italia|ITA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1994 Wales Rally GB|GBR]] {{small|24}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
! NC
! 0
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1995 World Rally Championship|1995]]
!rowspan=2| [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Wira|Proton Wira 4WD]]
| [[1995 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
| [[1995 Swedish Rally|SWE]]
| [[1995 Rally de Portugal|POR]]
| [[1995 Tour de Corse|FRA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1995 Rally New Zealand|NZL]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1995 Rally Australia|AUS]] {{small|13}}
| [[1995 Rally Catalunya|ESP]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
!rowspan=2| NC
!rowspan=2| 0
|-
! [[Proton Persona]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1995 Rally GB|GBR]] {{small|17}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[1996 World Rally Championship|1996]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Wira|Proton Wira 4WD]]
| [[1996 Swedish Rally|SWE]]
| [[1996 Safari Rally|KEN]]
|style="background:#000000; color:#ffffff"| [[1996 Rally Indonesia|IDN]] {{small|EX}}
| [[1996 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
| [[1996 Rally Argentina|ARG]]
| [[1996 Rally Finland|FIN]]
| [[1996 Rally Australia|AUS]]
| [[1996 Rally Sanremo|ITA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1996 Rally Catalunya|ESP]] {{small|12}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[1997 World Rally Championship|1997]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Wira|Proton Wira 4WD]]
| [[1997 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
| [[1997 Swedish Rally|SWE]]
| [[1997 Safari Rally|KEN]]
| [[1997 Rally de Portugal|POR]]
| [[1997 Rally Catalunya|ESP]]
| [[1997 Tour de Corse|FRA]]
| [[1997 Rally Argentina|ARG]]
| [[1997 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1997 Rally New Zealand|NZL]] {{small|11}}
| [[1997 Rally Finland|FIN]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[1997 Rally Indonesia|IDN]] {{small|6}}
| [[1997 Rally Sanremo|ITA]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1997 Rally Australia|AUS]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1997 Rally GB|GBR]] {{small|17}}
|
|
! 34th
! 1
|-
| [[2000 World Rally Championship season|2000]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Pert]]
| [[2000 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
| [[2000 Swedish Rally|SWE]]
| [[2000 Safari Rally|KEN]]
| [[2000 Rally Portugal|POR]]
| [[2000 Rally Catalunya|ESP]]
| [[2000 Rally Argentina|ARG]]
| [[2000 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2000 Rally New Zealand|NZL]] {{small|18}}
| [[2000 Rally Finland|FIN]]
| [[2000 Cyprus Rally|CYP]]
| [[2000 Tour de Corse|FRA]]
| [[2000 Rallye Sanremo|ITA]]
| [[2000 Rally Australia|AUS]]
| [[2000 Rally GB|GBR]]
|
|
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[2002 World Rally Championship season|2002]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Pert]]
| [[2002 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
| [[2002 Swedish Rally|SWE]]
| [[2002 Tour de Corse|FRA]]
| [[2002 Rallye Catalunya|ESP]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2002 Cyprus Rally|CYP]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2002 Rally Argentina|ARG]] {{small|12}}
| [[2002 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2002 Safari Rally|KEN]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2002 Rally Finland|FIN]] {{small|22}}
| [[2002 Rallye Deutschland|GER]]
| [[2002 Rallye Sanremo|ITA]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2002 Rally New Zealand|NZL]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2002 Rally Australia|AUS]] {{small|18}}
| [[2002 Rally GB|GBR]]
|
|
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[2003 World Rally Championship season|2003]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Pert]]
| [[2003 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2003 Swedish Rally|SWE]] {{small|27}}
| [[2003 Rally of Turkey|TUR]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2003 Rally New Zealand|NZL]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2003 Rally Argentina|ARG]] {{small|13}}
| [[2003 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2003 Cyprus Rally|CYP]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2003 Rallye Deutschland|GER]] {{small|27}}
| [[2003 Rally Finland|FIN]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2003 Rally Australia|AUS]] {{small|17}}
| [[2003 Rallye Sanremo|ITA]]
| [[2003 Tour de Corse|FRA]]
| [[2003 Rallye Catalunya|ESP]]
| [[2003 Rally GB|GBR]]
|
|
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[2004 World Rally Championship season|2004]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Petronas EON Racing Team]]
! [[Proton Pert]]
| [[2004 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2004 Swedish Rally|SWE]] {{small|35}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2004 Rally Mexico|MEX]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2004 Rally New Zealand|NZL]] {{small|21}}
| [[2004 Cyprus Rally|CYP]]
| [[2004 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
| [[2004 Rally of Turkey|TUR]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2004 Rally Argentina|ARG]] {{small|Ret}}
| [[2004 Rally Finland|FIN]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2004 Rallye Deutschland|GER]] {{small|22}}
| [[2004 Rally Japan|JPN]]
| [[2004 Rally GB|GBR]]
| [[2004 Rally d'Italia Sardegna|ITA]]
| [[2004 Tour de Corse|FRA]]
| [[2004 Rallye Catalunya|ESP]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2004 Rally Australia|AUS]] {{small|Ret}}
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[2005 World Rally Championship season|2005]]
! [[Proton Motorsports|Team Proton Pert Malaysia]]
! [[Proton Pert]]
| [[2005 Monte Carlo Rally|MON]]
| [[2005 Swedish Rally|SWE]]
| [[2005 Rally Mexico|MEX]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Rally New Zealand|NZL]] {{small|18}}
| [[2005 Rally d'Italia Sardegna|ITA]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2005 Cyprus Rally|CYP]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2005 Rally of Turkey|TUR]] {{small|Ret}}
| [[2005 Acropolis Rally|GRE]]
| [[2005 Rally Argentina|ARG]]
| [[2005 Rally Finland|FIN]]
| [[2005 Rallye Deutschland|GER]]
| [[2005 Rally GB|GBR]]
| [[2005 Rally Japan|JPN]]
| [[2005 Tour de Corse|FRA]]
| [[2005 Rally Catalunya|ESP]]
| [[2005 Rally Australia|AUS]]
! NC
! 0
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*Ooi, Jeff (2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20051030050731/http://www.jeffooi.com/archives/2005/10/post_20.php "Corporate Malaysia? Kick ass those arse-lickers!"]. Retrieved 2 November 2005.
*Tan, Paul (2005). [http://paultan.org/archives/2005/10/28/government-to-help-karamjit/ "Government to help Karamjit"]. Retrieved 2 November 2005
*Tan, Paul (2005). [http://paultan.org/archives/2005/08/14/karamjit-will-not-be-able-to-defend-aprc-title/ "Karamjit will not be able to defend APRC title"]. Retrieved 2 November 2005.
*Tan, Paul (2005). [http://paultan.org/archives/2005/06/14/why-cant-karamjit-singh-secure-sponsorship/ "Why Can't Karamjit Singh Secure Sponsorship?"]. Retrieved 2 November 2005.
*Van der Zee, Tjeerd (2005). [http://www.rallybase.nl/index.php?type=profile&driverid=2252 "Karamjit Singh"]. Retrieved 2 November 2005.
*PenyuSukan (2018). [http://penyusukan.com/v1/karamjit-singh-terpantas-hari-pertama-kejuaraan-rali-terengganu-2018/ "Karamjit Singh Terpantas Hari Pertama Kejuaraan Rali Terengganu 2018"]. Retrieved 14 Disember 2018.

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box | before = [[Possum Bourne]] | title = [[Asia-Pacific Rally Championship|Asia-Pacific Rally Champion]] | years = [[2001 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship season|2001]] & [[2002 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship season|2002]] | after = [[Armin Kremer]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Armin Kremer]] | title = [[Asia-Pacific Rally Championship|Asia-Pacific Rally Champion]] | years = [[2004 Asia-Pacific Rally Championship season|2004]] | after = [[Jussi Välimäki]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Anugerah Sukan Negara for Sportsman of the Year}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Karamjit}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malaysian rally drivers]]
[[Category:Malaysian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Punjabi descent]]

Kahan Singh Nakai

2023-10-03T15:43:46Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use British English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Sikh Chief}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2022}}

{{Use British English|date= October 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = Chief of [[Nakai Misl]]
| reign = 1807-1811
| predecessor = Gyan Singh
| successor = ''Misl merged into [[Sikh Empire]]'' Chatar Singh (as Head of the Nakai Misl)
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Baherwal Kalan]], [[Nakai Misl]], [[Sikh Confederacy]]
| death_date = 1873
| death_place = [[Baherwal Kalan]], [[Kasur]], [[British India]]
| spouse =
| issue = Hukum Singh Chatar Singh Attar Singh Ishar singh
| house = [[Nakai Misl|Nakai]]
| father = Gyan Singh
| mother = Rai Kaur
}}
'''Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai''' (died 1873) was the sixth and the last chief of the [[Nakai Misl]].<ref name=bh>{{Cite book|website=www.DiscoverSikhism.com|url=http://archive.org/details/BriefHistoryOfSikhMisls|title=Brief History Of Sikh Misls|language=English}}</ref> He was the grandson of the famous Sikh chief, [[Ran Singh Nakai]] and Sardarni Karmo Kaur. His aunt, [[Maharani Datar Kaur]] was the wife of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]; thus making him the nephew of the [[Sher-e-Punjab]]. From an early age he assisted his father in campaigns and even commanded campaigns assigned to him by his uncle, Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<ref name=bh/> His cousin, [[Kharak Singh]] went to become the second [[Maharaja]] of the [[Sikh Empire]]. He was the uncle of the third Maharaja, [[Nau Nihal Singh]].

== Family history and early life ==
Kahan Singh was born to Sardar Gyan Singh Nakai, the ruling chief of the Nakai Misl. His grandfather, Ran Singh Nakai was the most powerful ruler of the [[Nakai Misl]], a fierce warrior and under his leadership the misl was at its highest. He was an ambitious man and had exceeded his rule to the taluqas of Bucheke, [[Changa Manga]], 69 km from [[Lahore]], Chhichha, Devsal, Fatahpur, [[Jethpur]], [[Kasur]], Kharral fort of [[Kot kamalia]], [[Sharakpur]], Gugera pargana, 5 km to the west of the Ravi, and Shergarh. He had fought repeatedly against Kamar Singh, the ruler of [[Syedwala]]. Sometime before his death, he defeated him and captured Syedwala.<ref name=bh/>

Ran Singh was succeeded by his eldest son Bhagwan Singh, who was unable to hold his territory against the ambitious Wazir Singh.<ref name=lhg1>{{Cite book|author=Griffin, Lepel Henry|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/15033743|title=The Panjab chiefs. Historical and biographical notices of the principal families in the territories under the Panjab government.|date=1865|publisher=T.C. McCarthy|oclc=15033743}}</ref> In 1785, [[Maha Singh|Sardar Maha Singh]] of [[Sukerchakia Misl]] was facing attacks from Sardar [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] of the [[Kanhaiya Misl]] and called on Bhagwan Singh and Wazir Singh to aid him. Bhagwan Singh who had previous faced attacks from Jai Singh willingly aided Maha Singh. Despite Maha Singh trying to reconcile the differences between Wazir Singh and Bhagwan Singh, but in vain and in 1789 the latter was slain. Bhagwan Singh was succeeded by his brother, Gyan Singh who had a relatively peaceful reign.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sikh History|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3044-4_6|work=International Bibliography of Sikh Studies|year=2005|pages=183–233|place=Berlin/Heidelberg|publisher=Springer-Verlag|doi=10.1007/1-4020-3044-4_6|isbn=1-4020-3043-6|access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> With his father as the chief, Kahan Singh became the [[heir apparent]] of the Nakai Misldar. He had an older sister, Bibi Rattan Kaur who was married to Sardar Ram Singh Taragarhia and younger sister, Bibi Daya Kaur who married Sardar Amar Singh Veglia.<ref name=lhg118>{{Cite book|last=Griffin|first=Lepel Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0ABAAAAQAAJ&q=nakka%20misl&pg=PA118|title=The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Panjab Government|date=1865|publisher=T.C. McCarthy|language=en}}</ref>

In 1797, Nakais assisted the then Sardar Ranjit Singh of the Sukerchakia Misl who had been betrothed to his aunt, Bibi Raj Kaur by Bhagwan and Singh in the mid 1780s<ref name=lhg118/> to expel the attempts of Shah Zaman to annex Punjab region into his control through his general Shahanchi Khan and 12,000 soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Khushwant Singh|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/49498238|title=Ranjit Singh : Maharajah of the Punjab|date=2001|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-100684-6|oclc=49498238}}</ref> Next year his aunt, Raj Kaur was married to Ranjit Singh who then renamed her 'Datar Kaur' as many ladies in the Sukerchakia Misl bore the name "Raj Kaur", like Ranjit Singh mother and his aunt (daughter of [[Charat Singh|Sardar Charat Singh]]).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lafont|first=Jean-Marie|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/490138210|title=French administrators of Maharaja Ranjit Singh|date=1988|publisher=National book shop|oclc=490138210}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lafont|first=Jean-Marie|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/473564273|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh: lord of the five rivers|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-566111-7|oclc=473564273}}</ref> Later that same year when Shah Zaman invaded Punjab again, the sardars united under Ranjit Singh and let his army enter [[Lahore]] only blocked off all food and supplies which lead to his army retreating.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Khushwant Singh|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/49498238|title=Ranjit Singh: Maharajah of the Punjab|date=2001|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-100684-6|oclc=49498238}}</ref> While they were busy fighting in Lahore, Muzaffar Khan, Shah's relative and governor of [[Multan]] province, took advantage of the situation and took [[Syedwala]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh_648|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls|language=English}}</ref> In 1799, his father sent him along with his uncle, Khazan Singh to aid Ranjit Singh liberate Lahore from the [[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Sardars]]. In 1801 after Datar Kaur gave birth to Ranjit Singh's first son and heir apparent, Kharak Singh, he proclaimed himself the "Maharaja of Punjab".

Kahan Singh would often aid his cousin, Kharak Singh in campaigns.

== Chief of the Nakai Misl ==
After his father's death in 1807, he was assisted by his uncle, Khazan Singh in affair of the states. One of the first tasks he did was to re-conquer [[Pakpattan]].<ref name=bs>Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Patiala, India: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 166.</ref>

After Ranjit Singh had declared himself the Maharaja of Punjab in 1801 he had kept consolidating majority of the Misls. The ambitious Maharaja had been eyeing the Nakai territory, but had spared it till the death of Sardar Gyan Singh in 1807. But soon after suggested '''Sardar Kahan Singh''', who succeeded his father as the sixth chief of the [[Nakai Misl|Nakais]] to join the [[Lahore]] [[Durbar (court)|Darbar]], which the proud newly crowned Nakai chief steadily refused to obligate. The Nakai territory situated between [[Multan]] and [[Kasur]] and not wanting to lose territory to the Afghan [[Nawab Muzaffar Khan]], Ranjit Singh was adamant on acquiring the Nakai territory.

Despite being the [[Sardar]] of the Nakais, Sardar Kahn Singh carried out tasks given to him by his uncle, Ranjit Singh. In 1811, he was sent to Multan to obtain tribute(taxes) from Muzaffar Khan on behalf of the Lahore Durbar. Meanwhile, Ranjit Singh sent Kharak Singh, then the Crown Prince, to annex all the Nakai territories; Sardar Kahan Singh came back from Multan to find Kharak Singh has taken over his misl. Diwan Hakim Rai, the administer of the Nakai Chief, immediately approached Ranjit Singh with the request that it was not proper for the Lahore forces to take military action against his nephew's misl. Sohan Lai Suri notes that the Maharaja, very poliety, said <blockquote>''"I have nothing to do in this matter, Kunwar Kharak Singh is the maternal grandson of the Nakais and only he knows as to what is to be done."''<ref name=bs/></blockquote>Sardar Kahan Singh didn't protest and power was successfully transited to Kharak Singh.

== Life after annexation ==
Ranjit Singh granted Kahan Singh jagir at [[Baherwal Kalan|Baherwal]] which yielded twenty thousand rupees annually. Khazan Singh was also given a jagir at Nawankot which was situated in Doaba Rachna, adjoining Sharakpur, his jagir yielded an annual income of twelve thousand rupees. Sardar Kahan Singh continued to live in Baharwal and the Nakais remained loyal to Maharaja Ranjit Singh and later to Maharaja Kharak Singh.

In 1846, his army commander by his son Attar Singh joined the rebellion in Multan against the British. Sardar Kahan Singh was later appointed Jagirdar Magistrate in 1860, an office he held till his death.<ref name=lhg118/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Sikh Empire|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Misls]]
[[Category:1873 deaths]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing]]

Jujhar Khaira

2023-10-03T15:43:34Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Canadian English}}

{{Short description|Canadian ice hockey player}}
{{Use Canadian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox ice hockey player
| name = Jujhar Khaira
| image = Jujhar Khaira.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| caption = Khaira with the [[Bakersfield Condors]] in 2017
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|8|13}}
| birth_place = [[Surrey, British Columbia]], Canada
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 4
| weight_lb = 212
| position = [[Winger (ice hockey)|Left Wing]]
| shoots = Left
| league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| team = [[Minnesota Wild]]
| prospect_team =
| prospect_league = [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| former_teams = [[Edmonton Oilers]] [[Chicago Blackhawks]]
| draft = 63rd overall
| draft_year = 2012
| draft_team = [[Edmonton Oilers]]
| career_start = 2014
| career_end =
}}
'''Jujhar Khaira ''' (born August 13, 1994) is a Canadian professional [[ice hockey]] [[Centre (ice hockey)|centre]] who currently plays for the [[Minnesota Wild]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He has previously played for the [[Edmonton Oilers]] and [[Chicago Blackhawks]].

==Playing career==
Khaira was drafted by the Oilers after his second season in the [[British Columbia Hockey League]] with the [[Prince George Spruce Kings]]. Shortly after the draft, Khaira committed to play collegiate hockey with [[Michigan Technological University|Michigan Tech]] of the [[Western Collegiate Hockey Association]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bulldogs defenceman Hyland commits to michigan tech|url=http://bchl.ca/bulldogs-defenceman-hyland-commits-to-michigan-tech|website=BCHL.ca|publisher=Alberni Valley Bulldogs|access-date=19 December 2017|date=4 November 2011|quote=Hyland is the third current BCHL player to commit to Michigan Tech along with Jujhar Khaira and Alex Petan.}}</ref>

At the completion of his freshman season in [[2012–13 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season|2012–13]] with the Huskies, Khaira left college to pursue a major junior career closer to home in the [[Western Hockey League]] with the [[Everett Silvertips]]. On August 7, 2013, he was signed to a three-year entry-level contract with the Edmonton Oilers after being selected in the second round of the NHL draft during the previous year.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://oilers.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=679779 |title=Oilers agree to terms with Jujhar Khaira |author=edmontonoilers.com staff |publisher=[[Edmonton Oilers]] |date=2013-08-07 |access-date=2013-08-07}}</ref> In the following [[2013–14 WHL season|2013–14]] season, Khaira posted 43 points in 59 games with the Silvertips. At the elimination in first-round of the post-season, Khaira then made his professional debut with the Oilers AHL affiliate, the [[Oklahoma City Barons]], joining the club for their post-season run.<ref name = "development"/>

In the second year of his entry-level contract, Khaira and the Oilers AHL affiliation moved to the new [[Bakersfield Condors]].<ref name = "development">{{cite web|last1=Wescott|first1=Chris|title=Khaira a good sign of Oilers development|url=https://www.nhl.com/oilers/news/khaira-a-good-sign-of-oilers-development/c-791218|website=NHL.com|publisher=Edmonton Oilers|access-date=19 December 2017|location=Edmonton, AB|date=5 December 2015}}</ref> During this [[2015–16 NHL season]], Khaira was called up to the Oilers on November 26, 2015, playing his first NHL game against the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] on November 28, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/sports/hockey/nhl/edmonton-oilers/oilers-nail-yakupov-out-two-to-four-weeks-with-sprained-ankle |title=Oilers Nail Yakupov out two to four weeks with sprained ankle |author=Matheson, Jim |author-link=Jim Matheson (journalist) |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |date=2015-11-26 |access-date = 2015-11-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/sports/hockey/nhl/cult-of-hockey/edmonton-oilers-next-best-bet-at-bakersfield-j-j-khaira |last=Staples |first=David |title=Edmonton Oilers next best bet at Bakersfield: JJ Khaira |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |date=2015-10-31 |access-date=2015-11-27}}</ref> This made Khaira only the third player of [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] Indian descent to play in the NHL, after [[Robin Bawa]] and [[Manny Malhotra]].<ref name=Third/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehockeynews.com/blog/oilers-jujhar-khaira-aiming-to-become-third-punjabi-player-to-suit-up-in-nhl/ |title=Oilers' Jujhar Khaira aiming to become third Punjabi player to suit up in NHL |last=Clinton |first=Jared | website = [[The Hockey News]] |date=2015-11-27 |access-date=2015-11-30}}</ref> Khaira played 15 games at the NHL level that season, earning 2 assists.

Khaira was a regular with the Condors for the [[2016–17 NHL season|2016–17]] season, and occasional call up to the NHL Oilers. During his second NHL game that season, on January 16, 2017, Khaira scored his first NHL goal, against [[Mike Smith (ice hockey, born 1982)|Mike Smith]] of the [[Arizona Coyotes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/sports/hockey/nhl/edmonton-oilers/oilers-put-coyotes-out-of-their-misery |title=Oilers put Coyotes out of their misery |last=Tychkowski |first=Robert |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |date=2017-01-17 |access-date=2017-01-17 }}</ref> On December 9 of the same year, Khaira earned his first multi-goal game, scoring twice against [[Carey Price]] of the [[Montreal Canadiens]].<ref>{{Citation|last=NHL|title=Khaira strikes twice in Oilers' 6-2 win against Habs|date=2017-12-09|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=736qw3s9Lz4|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=The Canadian Press|title=Khaira scores twice as Oilers chase Price, rout Habs|url=https://www.tsn.ca/khaira-scores-twice-as-oilers-chase-price-rout-habs-1.939490|website=TSN.ca|publisher=TSN|access-date=19 December 2017|location=Montreal|date=9 October 2017}}</ref>

Following the {{nhly|2020}} season, his sixth season in Edmonton, Khaira as a pending restricted free agent was not tendered a qualifying offer by the Oilers on July 26, 2021.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nhl.com/oilers/news/release-oilers-issue-qualifying-offers-to-four-players/c-325806528 | title = Oilers issue qualifying offers to four players | publisher = [[Edmonton Oilers]] | date = July 26, 2021 | accessdate = July 26, 2021}}</ref>

On July 28, 2021, Khaira signed a two-year, $1.95 million deal with the [[Chicago Blackhawks]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nhl.com/blackhawks/news/release-blackhawks-agree-to-terms-with-jujhar-khaira/c-325840780 | title = Blackhawks agree to terms with Jujhar Khaira | publisher = [[Chicago Blackhawks]] | date = July 28, 2021 | accessdate = July 28, 2021}}</ref> His first season in Chicago was marred with injuries. Khaira missed nearly a month after suffering a concussion following a collision with [[Jacob Trouba]] on December 7.<ref name="injury"/> He suffered a back injury nine games after returning that required season-ending surgery.<ref name="injury"/> Kharia finished the season with three goals in 27 games for the Blackhawks.<ref name="injury">{{cite news |last=Pope |first=Ben |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/blackhawks/2022/2/23/22947611/blackhawks-jujhar-khaira-likely-out-for-season-after-back-surgery |title=Blackhawks' Jujhar Khaira likely out for season after back surgery |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=February 23, 2022 |accessdate=February 23, 2022 }}</ref>

==Personal==
Khaira is a [[Sikh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jujhar Khaira’s first NHL goal a special moment for hockey |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/jujhar-khairas-first-nhl-goal-special-moment-hockey/ |website=SportsNet |quote=Jujhar Khaira learned hockey on the streets of Surrey, B.C., a Sikh kid and his little brother scoring their Game 7, Stanley Cup-winning goals while in runners, shooting a tennis ball}}</ref> and the third NHL player of [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] descent, following [[Robin Bawa]] (starting in 1989) and [[Manny Malhotra]] (starting in 1998).<ref name=Third>{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhl-puck-daddy/jujhar-khaira-becomes-just-3rd-ever-punjabi-player-in-nhl-history-012900631.html |title=Jujhar Khaira becomes just 3rd ever Punjabi player in NHL history |author=Wyshynski, Greg |author-link=Greg Wyshynski |work=[[Yahoo! Sports|Puck Daddy]] |date=2015-11-28 |access-date=2015-11-30}}</ref>

Khaira's parents were prominent volleyball players in British Columbia during the 1980s. His brother, Sahvan Khaira, attends the [[University of Calgary]] and formerly played on the [[Calgary Dinos men's ice hockey|Calgary Dinos men's ice hockey team in 2019-2020]].

==Career statistics==
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em"
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
! colspan="5" | [[Regular season]]
! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
! colspan="5" | [[Playoffs]]
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! [[Season (sports)|Season]]
! Team
! League
! GP
! [[Goal (ice hockey)|G]]
! [[Assist (ice hockey)|A]]
! [[Point (ice hockey)|Pts]]
! [[Penalty (ice hockey)|PIM]]
! GP
! G
! A
! Pts
! PIM
|-
| 2010–11
| [[Prince George Spruce Kings]]
| [[British Columbia Hockey League|BCHL]]
| 58
| 10
| 32
| 42
| 21
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 2011–12
| Prince George Spruce Kings
| BCHL
| 54
| 29
| 50
| 79
| 69
| 4
| 0
| 2
| 2
| 2
|-
| [[2012–13 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season|2012–13]]
| [[Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey|Michigan Tech]]
| [[Western Collegiate Hockey Association|WCHA]]
| 37
| 6
| 19
| 25
| 49
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2013–14 WHL season|2013–14]]
| [[Everett Silvertips]]
| [[Western Hockey League|WHL]]
| 59
| 16
| 27
| 43
| 59
| 5
| 3
| 1
| 4
| 8
|-
| [[2013–14 AHL season|2013–14]]
| [[Oklahoma City Barons]]
| [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2014–15 AHL season|2014–15]]
| Oklahoma City Barons
| AHL
| 51
| 4
| 6
| 10
| 62
| 8
| 3
| 1
| 4
| 4
|-
| [[2015–16 AHL season|2015–16]]
| [[Bakersfield Condors]]
| AHL
| 49
| 10
| 17
| 27
| 69
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2015–16 NHL season|2015–16]]
| [[Edmonton Oilers]]
| [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| 15
| 0
| 2
| 2
| 13
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
| [[2016–17 AHL season|2016–17]]
| Bakersfield Condors
| AHL
| 27
| 8
| 12
| 20
| 31
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2016–17 NHL season|2016–17]]
| Edmonton Oilers
| NHL
| 10
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
| [[2017–18 NHL season|2017–18]]
| Edmonton Oilers
| NHL
| 69
| 11
| 10
| 21
| 47
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2018–19 NHL season|2018–19]]
| Edmonton Oilers
| NHL
| 60
| 3
| 15
| 18
| 43
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
| [[2019–20 NHL season|2019–20]]
| Edmonton Oilers
| NHL
| 64
| 6
| 4
| 10
| 38
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2020–21 NHL season|2020–21]]
| Edmonton Oilers
| NHL
| 40
| 3
| 8
| 11
| 42
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 6
|-
| [[2021–22 NHL season|2021–22]]
| [[Chicago Blackhawks]]
| NHL
| 27
| 3
| 0
| 3
| 13
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2022–23 NHL season|2022–23]]
| Chicago Blackhawks
| NHL
| 51
| 6
| 8
| 14
| 31
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | NHL totals
! 336
! 33
! 47
! 80
! 229
! 8
! 1
! 0
! 1
! 8
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Indian NHL players]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{icehockeystats}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khaira, Jujhar}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bakersfield Condors players]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian ice hockey left wingers]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Chicago Blackhawks players]]
[[Category:Edmonton Oilers draft picks]]
[[Category:Edmonton Oilers players]]
[[Category:Everett Silvertips players]]
[[Category:Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey players]]
[[Category:Oklahoma City Barons players]]
[[Category:Prince George Spruce Kings players]]
[[Category:Ice hockey people from Surrey, British Columbia]]

Jinder Mahal

2023-10-03T15:43:00Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Canadian English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Canadian professional wrestler (born 1986)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox professional wrestler
| name = Jinder Mahal
| image = Jinder_Mahal_endorses_Jagmeet_Singh_(cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Mahal in October 2019
| birth_name = Yuvraj Singh Dhesi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|7|19}}
| birth_place = [[Calgary, Alberta]], Canada
| alma_mater = [[University of Calgary]]
| relatives = [[Gama Singh]] (uncle) [[Raj Singh (wrestler)|Raj Singh]] (cousin)
| ring_names = '''Jinder Mahal'''<ref name="WWEbio">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/jindermahal|title=Jinder Mahal|access-date=August 5, 2016|publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> Raj Dhesi<ref name=slam/> Raj Singh<ref name=IGF/> Tiger Raj Singh<ref name=slam/>
| height = 6 ft 5 in<ref name="WWEbio"/><ref name=IGF/>
| weight = 238 lb<ref name="WWEbio"/>
| billed = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<ref name="WWEbio"/><ref name="FCW">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcwwrestling.info/jindermahal1.html|title=Jinder Mahal|access-date=December 31, 2010|publisher=[[Florida Championship Wrestling]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108075638/http://www.fcwwrestling.info/jindermahal1.html|archive-date=January 8, 2011}}</ref>
| trainer = [[Allen Coage]]<ref name=slam/> [[Gama Singh]]<ref name=slam/> [[Gerry Morrow]]<ref name=slam/> [[Rick Bognar]]<ref name=slam/>
| debut = December 27, 2004
| retired =
}}
'''Yuvraj Singh Dhesi''' (born July 19, 1986) is a [[Canadian]] [[professional wrestler]]. He is currently signed to [[WWE]], where he performs on the [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]], under the [[ring name]] '''Jinder Mahal''' as the leader of the Indus Sher (meaning Indian Lions) stable.

Having started his career on the [[independent circuit]], Mahal joined WWE in 2010 and made his debut on the company's main roster the following year. After a short-lived alliance with his [[kayfabe]] brother-in-law [[The Great Khali]], he formed the [[Stable (wrestling)|stable]] 3MB with fellow wrestlers [[Heath Slater]] and [[Drew McIntyre]], before he and McIntyre were released from the company in 2014. Mahal returned to WWE in 2016 with a drastically improved physique and received a [[Push (professional wrestling)|push]], culminating in him capturing the [[WWE Championship]] from [[Randy Orton]] in April 2017, making him the 50th WWE Champion and the first of Indian descent. His reign lasted approximately six months, and he would then go on to win the [[WWE United States Championship]] at [[WrestleMania 34]] in 2018 and the [[WWE 24/7 Championship]] twice in 2019.

== Early life ==
Yuvraj Singh Dhesi<ref>{{cite news|last=Deb|first=Sopan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/arts/television/jinder-mahal-wwe-summerslam-india.html|title=How Jinder Mahal, an Indian WWE Star, Is Turning Up the Heat|date=August 18, 2017|access-date=May 28, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> was born on July 19, 1986, in [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]].<ref name=IGF>{{cite web|url=http://www.igf.jp/fighter/raj-singh/|script-title=ja:ラジャ・シン|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621185938/http://www.igf.jp/fighter/raj-singh/|archive-date=June 21, 2015|access-date=May 28, 2018|publisher=[[Inoki Genome Federation]]|language=ja}}</ref> He is of [[Indian Canadians|Indian]]-[[Punjabi Canadians|Punjabi]] [[Sikh Canadians|Sikh]] descent.<ref name="slam" /> He holds a [[business degree]] in communications and culture from the [[University of Calgary]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/05/25/jinder-mahal-wwe-alberta-legislature_n_16811178.html|title=Jinder Mahal's WWE Win Officially Recognized In The Alberta Legislature|date=May 25, 2017|work=HuffPost Canada|access-date=April 10, 2018|language=en-CA}}</ref> His uncle, [[Gama Singh]], was considered a legendary wrestling [[Heel (professional wrestling)|villain]] in the original [[Stampede Wrestling]] and wrestled around the world (and briefly for the WWF, now WWE) in the 1980s.<ref name="Calgary Sun" />

== Professional wrestling career ==
=== Early career (2002–2010) ===
Growing up in a wrestling family, Dhesi began his professional wrestling career at the Martial Arts Fitness Center in Calgary, training with [[Rick Bognar]].<ref name="Calgary Sun">{{cite news|url=http://www.calgarysun.com/2017/05/22/jinder-mahal-first-calgarian-professional-wrestler-to-win-wwe-championship-since-bret-hart-20-years-ago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729094646/http://www.calgarysun.com/2017/05/22/jinder-mahal-first-calgarian-professional-wrestler-to-win-wwe-championship-since-bret-hart-20-years-ago|title=Jinder Mahal first Calgarian professional wrestler to win WWE Championship since Bret Hart 20 years ago|newspaper=[[Calgary Sun]]|first=Anna|last=Brooks|archive-date=July 29, 2017|access-date=June 6, 2017}}</ref> He debuted in Premier Martial Arts Wrestling (PMW) as "Raj Dhesi" and then went on to train with [[Allen Coage]] and [[Gerry Morrow]], wrestling in a revived Stampede Wrestling alongside fellow future WWE wrestlers [[Natalya Neidhart|Natalya]], [[Tyson Kidd]], and [[Viktor (wrestler)|Viktor]].<ref name="ESPN">{{cite web|url=http://cdn.espn.go.com/wwe/story/_/id/19497591/wwe-jinder-mahal-embraces-new-success-sticking-got-there|title=Jinder Mahal embraces new success by sticking to what got him there|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=June 6, 2017|date=May 30, 2017}}</ref> As "Tiger Raj Singh", he won various [[tag team championship]]s in Stampede and [[Prairie Wrestling Alliance]] (PWA), spending much of his early career teaming with his cousin Gama Singh Jr. They were known as The New Karachi Vice and also as Sikh & Destroy, winning the PWA Canadian Tag Team Championship.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/2007/05/20/4195268.html|title=Gama Singh made Great choices outside the ring|work=Slam! Sports|publisher=[[Canoe.com|Canadian Online Explorer]]|date=May 20, 2007|access-date=June 6, 2017}}</ref> In PWA, he was the PWA Heavyweight Champion from 2008 until January 2010<ref name="PWA">{{cite web|url=http://pwawrestling.ca/site2/?page_id=253|title=PWA Heavyweight Championship|publisher=Prairie Wrestling Alliance|access-date=February 28, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306054917/http://pwawrestling.ca/site2/?page_id=253|archive-date=March 6, 2010}}</ref> and also spent time in Great North Wrestling (GNW), where he [[Feud (professional wrestling)|feuded]] with wrestlers such as [[Devon Nicholson|Hannibal]] and [[Samoa Joe]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/wwe/wwe-news-rare-video-of-jinder-mahal-samoa-joe-match-surfaces|title=WWE News: Rare video of Jinder Mahal - Samoa Joe match surfaces|date=September 11, 2017|access-date=April 12, 2018}}</ref>

=== World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE ===
==== Florida Championship Wrestling (2010–2011) ====
[[File:JinderMahal.jpg|thumb|170px|Mahal in February 2011]]
Dhesi tried out for [[WWE]]'s [[Farm team#Professional wrestling|developmental promotion]] [[Florida Championship Wrestling]] (FCW).<ref name=slam>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/2010/02/21/12969671.html|title=Tiger Raj Singh ready for WWE experience|author=Oliver, Greg|publisher=Slam! Wrestling|access-date=August 9, 2017|date=February 23, 2010}}</ref> At the tryout, he believed that his Punjabi [[Gimmick (professional wrestling)|gimmick]] and [[Promo (professional wrestling)|promos]] made him stand out, stating that he "came out wearing a turban and had [his] full outfit on" and that "they like guys who speak different languages and have different looks".<ref name=slam/> In February 2010, he signed to a developmental contract with FCW under the ring name '''Jinder Mahal''' and wrestled there for a year.<ref name=slam/>

==== Early feuds (2011–2012) ====
[[File:Jinder-Mahal-2012.jpg|thumb|left|As part of his first [[Heel (professional wrestling)|villain]] character, Mahal began wearing his signature pre-match attire]]
Mahal made his televised WWE debut on the April 29, 2011, episode of ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'', greeting backstage fellow Indian wrestler The Great Khali and his [[Manager (professional wrestling)|manager]] [[Ranjin Singh (wrestling)|Ranjin Singh]] by speaking in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] that he was really happy and excited to see Khali and Ranjin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/23150-smackdown-results-4-29-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 4/29/11|work=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=April 30, 2011}}</ref> The next week on ''SmackDown'', Mahal, unimpressed by how Khali and Singh have been partaking in childish activities instead of winning matches, confronted Singh about his mismanagement of Khali, establishing himself as a [[Heel (professional wrestling)|heel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/23316-smackdown-results-5-6-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 5/6/11|work=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=May 6, 2011}}</ref> Mahal interrupted a Khali Kiss Cam segment the following week on ''SmackDown'', slapping Khali twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/23476-smackdown-results-5-13-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 5/13/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=May 13, 2011}}</ref> On the May 20 episode of ''SmackDown'', Mahal interrupted Khali's match against [[The Usos|Jey Uso]], leading to Khali confronting Mahal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/23650-smackdown-results-5-20-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 5/20/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=May 21, 2011}}</ref> On his first televised match on the June 17 episode of ''SmackDown'', Mahal defeated [[Vladimir Kozlov]]<ref name="The Great Khali">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/24311-smackdown-results-6-17-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 6/17/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=June 17, 2011}}</ref> and on the July 1 episode of ''SmackDown'' it was revealed that Mahal was married to Khali's sister, making them (kayfabe) brothers-in-law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/24694-smackdown-results-7-1-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 7/1/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=July 2, 2011}}</ref> On the September 5 episode of ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'', he suffered his first loss when he and Khali lost to [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Champions]] [[Evan Bourne]] and [[Kofi Kingston]] in a non-title match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwerawreport/article_52971.shtml|title=CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 9/5: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of live Raw Supershow on USA Network |publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In a rematch on ''SmackDown'', they lost again to Bourne and Kingston, leading Khali to walk away from Mahal after the match, thus ending their alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/26576-smackdown-results-9-9-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 9/9/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=September 10, 2011}}</ref> On the September 16 episode of ''SmackDown'', Mahal attacked Khali during his match with [[Heath Slater]] which Khali won by [[Professional wrestling#Disqualification|disqualification]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/26756-smackdown-results-9-16-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 9/16/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=September 17, 2011}}</ref> On the September 23 episode of ''SmackDown'', Mahal suffered his first loss in a singles match to Khali.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/26934-smackdown-results-9-23-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 9/23/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=September 23, 2011}}</ref> On the October 14 episode of ''SmackDown'', Mahal competed in a 41-man [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|battle royal]] and Mahal made it to the final three before being eliminated by Randy Orton.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/27469-smackdown-results-10-14-11/|title=Smackdown Results – 10/14/11|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=October 14, 2011}}</ref>

In November, Mahal targeted wrestlers whom he deemed as beneath him or embarrassing and in November began a feud with [[Ted DiBiase Jr.|Ted DiBiase]].<ref name="Tedesco">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1322303404|title=Smackdown Results – 11/25/11|date=November 25, 2011|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|access-date=January 26, 2012|publisher=WrestleView|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203200818/http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1322303404|archive-date=December 3, 2011}}</ref> On the December 30 episode of ''Smackdown'', Mahal broke DiBiase's winning streak via [[Submission (professional wrestling)|submission]] to end their feud.<ref name="Caldwell">{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwesmackdownreport/article_56444.shtml|title=Caldwell's WWE SmackDown Results 12/30: Complete "virtual time" coverage of Smackdown on Syfy – Orton vs. Barrett 2011 finale|date=December 30, 2011|last=Caldwell|first=James|access-date=January 26, 2012|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref><ref name="Pro Wrestling Torch">{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwestatistics/article_56459.shtml|title=12/30 WWE SmackDown Box Score: Snapshot of Friday's show – match times, Win/Loss Records, Streaks (tons of W/L Streaks to close 2011)|date=December 31, 2012|access-date=June 3, 2012|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|quote=DiBiase – snapped 8 match winning streak}}</ref> In December, Mahal tried to make a name for himself and went after [[Sheamus]], constantly disrespecting him, but was defeated and for several months they were involved in multiple matches, with Sheamus always getting the best of Mahal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=2&nr=6171&view=&page=4&gimmick=&year=&promotion=&region=&location=&arena=&showtype=TV-Show%7CPay+Per+View&constellationType=Singles&worker=Sheamus|title=Jinder Mahal vs. Sheamus|publisher=Cagematch|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> At Mahal's first [[Royal Rumble (2012)|Royal Rumble]] on January 29, 2012, he was eliminated by The Great Khali,<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=Caldwell's WWE Royal Rumble report 1/29: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV – Rumble match, Punk-Ziggler, Cena-Kane, steel cage|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wweppvs/article_57526.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=January 30, 2012}}</ref> rekindling their feud and leading to a match on the February 3 episode of ''SmackDown'', which Mahal lost.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/30144-smackdown-results-2-3-12/|title=Smackdown Results – 2/3/12|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=February 4, 2012}}</ref> At [[Over the Limit (2012)|Over the Limit]] on May 20, Mahal participated in and lost a battle royal match where the winner was to receive a shot at the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|Intercontinental Championship]] or the [[WWE United States Championship|United States Championship]] when he was again eliminated by The Great Khali.<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=CALDWELL'S WWE OVER THE LIMIT PPV REPORT 5/20: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV – Cena-Johnny, Punk-Bryan|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wweppvs/article_61620.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=May 20, 2012}}</ref>

In late April, Mahal began confronting several wrestlers, starting with Randy Orton, interrupting one of his promos and being attacked in retaliation with an ''[[Cutter (professional wrestling)|RKO]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/32199-smackdown-results-4-27-12/|title=Smackdown Results – 4/27/12|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=April 28, 2012}}</ref> On July 23 at ''[[WWE Raw 1000|Raw 1000]]'', Mahal confronted [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]], leading a group consisting of [[Camacho (wrestler)|Camacho]], [[Curt Hawkins]], [[Drew McIntyre]], [[Hunico]] and [[Tyler Reks]] and claiming none of them had been given an opportunity within WWE and would make one by taking down Kane, but [[The Undertaker]]'s sudden appearance halted their advance and [[The Brothers of Destruction]] attacked the group and took them out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-raw-results/34391-raw-1000-results-7-23-12/|title=Raw 1,000 Results – 7/23/12|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=July 23, 2012}}</ref> On the July 27 episode of ''SmackDown'', Mahal lost to [[Ryback]] by [[Professional wrestling#Countout|countout]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/34503-smackdown-results-7-27-12/|title=Smackdown Results – 7/27/12|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=July 28, 2012}}</ref> and then began a feud with him, winning by intentional countout and disqualification.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=6171&view=&page=4&gimmick=&year=&promotion=&region=&location=&arena=&showtype=TV-Show%7CPay+Per+View&constellationType=Singles&worker=Ryback|title=Jinder Mahal vs. Ryback|publisher=Cagematch|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> To try and prove himself to Ryback, Mahal requested a match against two local wrestlers in a match style similar to Ryback's, defeating them quickly by [[Submission wrestling|submission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/34849-smackdown-results-8-10-12/|title=Smackdown Results – 8/10/12|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=August 11, 2012}}</ref> In spite of this, Mahal continued his feud with Ryback, attacking him during their matches and after Ryback's, but was ultimately [[Pin (professional wrestling)|pinned]] by Ryback on the August 24 episode of ''SmackDown'' to end their feud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/35218-smackdown-results-8-24-12/|title=Smackdown Results – 8/24/12|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=August 24, 2012}}</ref>

When WWE [[Rebranding|rebranded]] its developmental territory FCW into [[NXT (WWE brand)|NXT]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/more/more-top-stories/118-daily-updates/27030-wwe-news-fcw-name-being-phased-out|title=WWE News: FCW name being phased out|access-date=June 7, 2013|work=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Mahal began appearing on the rebooted ''[[WWE NXT (TV series)|NXT]]'', where he started a winning streak by defeating several wrestlers, including [[Ethan Carter III|Derrick Bateman]] and [[Percy Watson]].<ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=Justin|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_63126.shtml|title=JAMES'S WWE NXT REPORT 7/4 – Week 3: Chris Hero (Ohno) debuts, Vader's son, Bateman, six-man main event; Overall Reax|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=Justin|title=JAMES'S WWE NXT REPORT 7/18 – Week 5: Gabriel vs. Slater main event, Steamboat, Vickie's daughter, Overall Reax|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_63686.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=August 9, 2012}}</ref> On the August 8 episode of ''NXT'', Mahal was inserted into the [[NXT Championship#Inaugural tournament|Gold Rush tournament]] to crown the first [[NXT Championship|NXT Champion]], where he defeated [[Bo Dallas]] in the first round.<ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=Justin|title=JAMES'S WWE NXT RESULTS 8//8 – Week 8: Gold Rush tournament continues, Hero, Paige, Gabriel vs. McGillicutty, Overall Reax|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_64301.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 8, 2012}}</ref> On the August 15 episode of ''NXT'', Mahal defeated [[Richie Steamboat]] in the semi-finals of the Gold Rush Tournament.<ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=Justin|title=JAMES'S WWE NXT REPORT 8/15 – Week 9: Gold Rush tournament continues, Scotty 2 Hotty cameo, Overall Reax|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_64512.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=August 31, 2012}}</ref> On the August 29 episode of ''NXT'', Mahal was defeated by [[Seth Rollins]] in the finals of the Gold Rush Tournament, thus ending his NXT winning streak.<ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=Justin|title=JAMES'S WWE NXT REPORT 8/29 – Week 11: First NXT champion crowned in big-match setting|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_64831.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 8, 2012}}</ref> At the [[Night of Champions (2012)|Night of Champions]] pre-show on September 16, Mahal competed in the 16-man battle royal to become number one contender for the United States Championship, but was eliminated by [[Brodus Clay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wweppvs/article_65243.shtml|title=CALDWELL'S WWE NIGHT OF CHAMPIONS PPV REPORT 9/16: Complete 'virtual time' coverage of live PPV – Punk vs. Cena, six title matches|first=James|last=Caldwell|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|date=September 16, 2012|access-date=November 26, 2015}}</ref>

==== 3MB (2012–2014) ====
[[File:3MB at WM30.jpg|thumb|right|175px|3MB – (Mahal (back), [[Drew McIntyre]] and [[Heath Slater]]) at [[WrestleMania XXX]] in April 2014]]
On the September 21 episode of ''SmackDown'', Mahal and [[Drew McIntyre]] interfered in [[Heath Slater]]'s match against Brodus Clay by attacking Clay.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|title=Smackdown Results – 9/21/12|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1348284153|access-date=December 8, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030092131/http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1348284153|archive-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref> The alliance of Mahal, Slater and McIntyre were later named 3MB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stephens|first=David|title=Raw Results – 10/15/12|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1350357467|work=Wrestleview|access-date=December 9, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222193138/http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1350357467|archive-date=December 22, 2012}}</ref> From October 2012, 3MB racked up many wins against Team Co-Bro ([[Santino Marella]] and [[Zack Ryder]]) and [[The Usos]] (Jey and Jimmy Uso), all of them due to illegal interference.<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=CALDWELL'S WWE SURVIVOR SERIES PPV REPORT 11/18: Complete "virtual time" coverage of live PPV – Punk-Cena-Ryback|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wweppvs/article_66714.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=December 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=CALDWELL'S SATURDAY SLAM RESULTS 11/24: Usos vs. 3MB main event, pie-eating contest, no Cena|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwsuperstarsreport/article_66819.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=December 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Parks|first=Greg|title=PARKS' WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 12/7: Complete coverage of the Friday night show, including Sheamus vs. Alberto Del Rio, Randy Orton vs. Wade Barrett|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwesmackdownreport/article_67085.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=December 9, 2012}}</ref> At the [[Survivor Series (2012)|Survivor Series]] pre-show on November 18, Mahal and Slater defeated Marella and Ryder when Mahal pinned Ryder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/2012/3mb-santino-marella-zack-ryder-26068586|title=3MB def. Team Co-Bro|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=November 18, 2012}}</ref> At [[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2012)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] on December 16, 3MB were defeated by the team of [[Alberto Del Rio]], [[Steve Lombardi|The Brooklyn Brawler]] and [[The Miz]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=CALDWELL'S WWE TLC PPV RESULTS 12/16: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of final 2012 PPV – Cena vs. Ziggler main event, Shield makes a statement|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wweppvs/article_67280.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=December 17, 2012}}</ref> The next night on ''Raw'' at the [[Slammy Award]]s show, 3MB lost to Del Rio, Miz and [[Tommy Dreamer]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=Caldwell's WWE Raw Results 12/17: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of live Raw – The strangest show of the year concludes with the debut of a new monster heel; Ric Flair returns|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwerawreport/article_67322.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=December 26, 2012}}</ref> Mahal competed in the 30-man [[Royal Rumble#Match|Royal Rumble match]] at the [[Royal Rumble (2013)|Royal Rumble]] on January 27, 2013, by entering at number 27, but was eliminated by Sheamus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/royalrumble/2013/royal-rumble-match-26080784|title=30-Man Royal Rumble Match|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=January 27, 2013}}</ref> On the April 12 episode of ''SmackDown'', in an attempt to make a name for themselves, 3MB tried to attack [[Triple H]], but were attacked themselves by [[The Shield (professional wrestling)|The Shield]] ([[Dean Ambrose]], [[Roman Reigns]] and Seth Rollins).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwesmackdownreport/article_69993.shtml|title=PWTorch.com - PARKS' WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 4/12: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Friday night show, including Dolph Ziggler's first Smackdown as champion and Triple H addresses Lesnar match|website=www.pwtorch.com}}</ref> On the April 15 episode of ''Raw'', 3MB called out The Shield, only for [[Brock Lesnar]] to come out instead and attack the group.<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 4/15: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of live Raw – Lesnar returns, Punk walks away, WM29 fallout, new U.S. champion, more|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwerawreport/article_70029.shtml|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=April 15, 2013}}</ref> At the [[Night of Champions (2013)|Night of Champions]] pre-show on September 15, 3MB (Drew McIntyre and Heath Slater) competed in a number one contenders [[Professional wrestling tag team match types#Tag Team Turmoil|tag team turmoil match]] for the WWE Tag Team Championship, in which they were the last team eliminated by Tons of Funk (Brodus Clay and [[Matt Bloom|Tensai]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wweppvs/article_73319.shtml|title=PWTorch.com - CALDWELL'S WWE NOC PPV RESULTS 9/15 (Pre-Show): Night of Champions kicks off with five-team #1 contender match|website=www.pwtorch.com}}</ref>

In late 2013, 3MB began adopting new ring names against their opponents, although their misfortunes and amounting losses remained the same.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|title=WWE Raw Results – 11/11/13 (2-on-3 Handicap match)|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-raw-results/44916|publisher=WrestleView|access-date=November 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 11/18 (Hour 1): Authority returns, new IC champ, Big Show vs. Ryback, Musical Chairs, more|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwerawreport/article_74629.shtml|publisher=PWTorch|access-date=November 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwesmackdownreport/article_74711.shtml|title=Parks' WWE SmackDown Report 11/22: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Friday show, including Daniel Bryan vs. Luke Harper rematch|author=Parks, Greg|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|date=November 22, 2013|access-date=November 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Parks|first=Greg|title=Parks's WWE SmackDown report 11/29: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Friday show, including Cody Rhodes & Goldust vs. The Shield in a Tag Team Championship Match|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwesmackdownreport/article_74847.shtml|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=November 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 12/31: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of New Year's Eve episode – Champion's Choice Night ends with Cena dressing down Ziggler|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwerawreport/article_67506.shtml|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=December 31, 2012}}</ref> At [[WrestleMania XXX]] on April 6, Mahal competed in the [[André the Giant]] [[André the Giant#Legacy|Memorial]] battle royal, but was eliminated by [[Mark Henry]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Andre the Giant memorial battle royal|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestlemania-30-ppv-results/47771-andre-the-giant-memorial-battle-royal|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=April 6, 2014}}</ref> In April, 3MB formed an alliance with [[Hornswoggle]] to feud with [[Primo & Epico|Los Matadores]] ([[Primo (wrestler)|Diego]] and [[Epico Colón|Fernando]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagesideseats.com/2014/4/15/5616178/wwe-main-event-results-live-blog-for-april-15-2014-big-show-vs-jack-swagger|title=WWE Main Event results, live blog for April 15, 2014: Jack Swagger vs. Big Show|publisher=Cagesideseats|access-date=April 15, 2014|date=April 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|title=WWE Raw Results – 4/21/14 (John Cena vs. Wyatt Family)|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-raw-results/48085-wwe-raw-results-4-21-14-live-results-from-baltimore|access-date=April 21, 2014|publisher=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-raw-results/48210-wwe-raw-results-4-28-14-live-results-from-st-louis/|title=WWE RAW Results – 4/28/14 (Randy Orton vs. Roman Reigns)|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=April 28, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/48778-wwe-smackdown-results-5-30-14-bray-wyatt-vs-jimmy-uso/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 5/30/14 (Wyatt vs. Jimmy Uso)|publisher=Wrestleview|access-date=May 30, 2014}}</ref> On June 12, Mahal was released from his WWE contract.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/wwe-releases-superstars|title=WWE releases Superstars|date=June 12, 2014|access-date=June 12, 2014|publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref>

=== Independent circuit (2014–2016) ===
[[File:Jinder Mahal 2015.jpg|thumb|upright|Mahal in 2015]]
Dhesi wrestled for [[Reality of Wrestling]] (ROW) under the name Raj Singh at their summer iPPV, [[ROW Summer of Champions 2014]], defeating Jasper Davis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/PPV_Reports_5/article_79853.shtm|title=Parks's Reality of Wrestling "Summer Of Champions" iPPV Review - ROW Title Steel Cage Match, appearances by Teddy Long, DDP, Brother Devon, others|date=July 28, 2014|website=PW Torch|access-date=April 12, 2018}}</ref> On October 24 at All Star Wrestling (ASW) in [[Vancouver|Vancouver BC]] at the live event Fright Night Live, Singh teamed with his cousin Gama Singh Jr. to defeat Kyle Sebastian and Collin Cutler to win the ASW Tag Team Championship. Between 2014 and 2015, he appeared in Puerto Rican promotion the [[World Wrestling Council]] (WWC) against local star [[Ray Gonzalez]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=122557|title=WWC « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database|last=Kreikenbohm|first=Philip|website=www.cagematch.net|access-date=April 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=123049|title=WWC Euphoria - Tag 1 « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database|last=Kreikenbohm|first=Philip|website=www.cagematch.net|access-date=April 13, 2018}}</ref> He also participated in Qatar Pro Wrestling (QPW) Souq Waqif Championship tournament in April 2015, where he ended up as first runner up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3321|title=QPW Souq Waqif Title Tournament « Tournaments Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database|last=Kreikenbohm|first=Philip|website=www.cagematch.net|access-date=April 13, 2018}}</ref> On May 5, Singh made his debut for Japanese promotion [[Inoki Genome Federation]] (IGF), losing to [[Tian Bing|Wang Bin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.igf.jp/event/genome33/|title=Genome33|access-date=June 21, 2015|work=[[Inoki Genome Federation]]|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510100423/http://www.igf.jp/event/genome33/|archive-date=May 10, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, he also wrestled for The Great Khali's wrestling promotion Continental Wrestling Entertainment (CWE) in India.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/it-s-time-to-pay-back-to-punjab-says-great-khali/194613.html|title=It's time to pay back to Punjab, says Great Khali|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]]|date=February 11, 2016|location=Punjab}}</ref>

In a 2017 interview on [[Chris Jericho]]'s ''[[Talk is Jericho]]'' podcast, Mahal revealed that he "hit [[wiktionary:rock bottom#Noun|rock bottom]]" during his time in the [[independent circuit]]. He also mentioned that he stopped drinking [[Alcoholic drink|alcohol]] and began working out and eating cleaner, losing 20 pounds in the process, two months prior to WWE calling him to return.<ref>{{cite web|title=Written Podcast Recap: Talk Is Jericho w/ Jinder Mahal on Vince McMahon writing his promos, trying to become a hated heel, almost joining Impact|url=https://www.pwpodcasts.com/2017/05/23/written-podcast-recap-talk-jericho-w-jinder-mahal-vince-mcmahon-writing-promos-trying-become-hated-heel-almost-joining-impact/|access-date=December 29, 2017|date=May 23, 2017}}</ref>

=== Return to WWE ===
==== The Man of Peace (2016–2017) ====
On July 27, Mahal re-signed with the WWE.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwinsider.com/article/103648/latest-former-wwe-names-set-to-return-and-more-.html?p=1|title=LATEST FORMER WWE NAMES SET TO RETURN AND MORE|publisher=Pro Wrestling Inside|access-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> On the August 1 episode of ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'', Mahal returned to television alongside Heath Slater, demanding contracts until [[List of WWE Raw on-air personalities#Authority figures|Raw General Manager]] [[Mick Foley]] informed the pair that they had to face each other in a match for a [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw contract]], which Mahal won.<ref>{{cite web|title=WWE RAW Results – 8/1/16 (Live results from Atlanta, Brock Lesnar's first appearance since WrestleMania)|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-raw-results/65189-wwe-raw-results-8116-live-results-atlanta-brock-lesnars-first-appearance-since-wrestlemania/|website=WrestleView|access-date=August 3, 2016|date=August 2016}}</ref> Throughout the rest of the month on ''Raw'', Mahal began losing to the likes of [[Neville (wrestler)|Neville]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Caldwell|first1=James|title=8/15 WWE Raw Results – CALDWELL'S Complete Live TV Report|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/08/15/aug15rawresultsfinal/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=August 15, 2016}}</ref> [[Sami Zayn]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keller|first1=Wade|title=KELLER'S WWE RAW REVIEW 8/29: Ongoing coverage of fatal four way for the WWE Universal Title|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/08/29/kellers-wwe-raw-review-829-ongoing-coverage-fatal-four-way-wwe-universal-title-match-kevin-owens-seth-rollins-roman-reigns-big-cass/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=August 29, 2016}}</ref> and [[Darren Young]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=9/5 WWE Raw Results – CALDWELL'S Complete Live TV Report|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/09/05/sept5rawresults/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref> Mahal then adopted the gimmick of a "man who comes in peace", advocating peace and tranquility.<ref>{{Citation|last=WWE|title=Jinder Mahal tries to help Alicia Fox find inner peace: Raw Fallout, Sept. 19, 2016|date=September 19, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-tte71APps |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/9-tte71APps |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live|access-date=April 13, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=WWE|title=Jinder Mahal demonstrates a breathing exercise for achieving inner peace|date=October 3, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOhJ1Ma2dqw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/qOhJ1Ma2dqw |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live|access-date=April 13, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On the September 12 episode of ''Raw'', Mahal stated that after he left WWE he "felt anger and rage" and had since "found inner peace" before defeating [[Jack Swagger]].<ref name="411mania">{{cite web|title=Csonka's WWE Raw Review 9.12.16|url=http://411mania.com/wrestling/csonkas-wwe-raw-review-9-12-16/|website=411mania|access-date=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Afterwards, Mahal began competing on ''[[WWE Main Event|Main Event]]'' and ''[[WWE Superstars|Superstars]]'', where he often traded wins and losses against Darren Young.<ref>{{cite web|title=WWE Superstars Results: Jinder Mahal picks up a win|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/wwe-results/wwe-superstars-results-jinder-mahal-picks-win-224921|publisher=Figure Four Wrestling Online|access-date=April 27, 2017|date=November 20, 2016}}</ref>

On the December 19 episode of ''Raw'', a notably more lean and muscular<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/wwe-results/wwe-main-event-results-gallagher-ali-vs-dar-nese-231601|title=WWE Main Event results: Gallagher & Ali vs. Dar & Nese|date=March 11, 2017|access-date=June 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/wwe-results/wwe-raw-live-results-goldberg-returns-first-episode-2017-227511|title=WWE Raw live results: Goldberg returns on the first episode of 2017|date=January 2, 2017|access-date=June 9, 2018}}</ref> Mahal began an alliance with [[Rusev (wrestler)|Rusev]] after Mahal had a confrontation with Rusev's rival [[Enzo Amore]] before the two attacked Amore.<ref>{{cite web|title=KELLER'S WWE RAW REPORT 12/19: Fallout from Roadblock including Jericho explaining his actions and putting Santa on his list|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/12/19/kellers-wwe-raw-report-1219-fallout-roadblock-including-jericho-explaining-actions-putting-santa-list/|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=January 3, 2017|date=December 20, 2016}}</ref> On the January 2, 2017, episode of ''Raw'', Mahal and Rusev defeated Amore's [[tag team]] partner [[Big Cass]] in a [[Handicap match|2-on-1 handicap match]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keller|first1=Wade|title=KELLER'S WWE RAW REPORT 1/2: Goldberg appearance, Sami vs. Braun in Last Man Standing match, Foley's new haircut|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/01/02/kellers-wwe-raw-report-12-goldberg-appearance-sami-vs-braun-last-man-standing-match-foleys-new-haircut/|website=pwtorch.com|publisher=TDH Communications Inc.|access-date=January 2, 2017}}</ref> The following week on ''Raw'', Mahal lost to Cass (who had [[Shawn Michaels]] at ringside) after Michaels performed the ''[[Superkick|Sweet Chin Music]]'' on Rusev at ringside, which distracted Mahal.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keller|first1=Wade|title=KELLER'S WWE MONDAY NIGHT RAW REPORT 1/9: Reigns vs. Owens & Jericho, Shawn Michaels, Foley's Performance Review, Undertaker "rumored" to appear|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/01/09/kellers-wwe-monday-night-raw-report-19-reigns-vs-owens-jericho-shawn-michaels-foleys-performance-review-undertaker-rumored-appear/|website=pwtorch.com|publisher=TDH Communications Inc.|access-date=January 9, 2017}}</ref> On the February 27 episode of ''Raw'', Mahal and Rusev began to show tension after Rusev inadvertently distracted Mahal, causing the two to lose to [[The New Day (wrestling)|The New Day]] ([[Big E (wrestler)|Big E]], Kofi Kingston and [[Xavier Woods]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=WWE RAW Results – 2/27/17 (Seth Rollins returns, Goldberg, Fastlane)|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-raw-results/73632-wwe-raw-results-22717-seth-rollins-returns-goldberg-fastlane/|website=WrestleView|access-date=March 8, 2017|date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> The alliance between Mahal and Rusev ended at [[Fastlane (2017)|Fastlane]] on March 5, when Mahal informed Raw General Manager Mick Foley about his desire to return to singles competition, prompting Foley to place the duo in singles matches that night and with both Mahal and Rusev losing their respective matches against [[Cesaro (wrestler)|Cesaro]] and [[Big Show]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=3/5 Powell's WWE Fastlane Live Review: Kevin Owens vs. Goldberg for the WWE Championship, Roman Reigns vs. Braun Strowman, Bayley vs. Charlotte for the Raw Women's Championship, Samoa Joe vs. Sami Zayn|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/03/05/35-powells-wwe-fastlane-live-review-kevin-owens-vs-goldberg-wwe-championship-roman-reigns-vs-braun-strowman-bayley-vs-charlotte-raw-womens-championship-samoa-joe-vs-sam/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=March 5, 2017}}</ref> This was done due to Rusev suffering a [[Legit (professional wrestling)|legit]] shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/wwe/rusev-injury-update-bulgarian-superstar-to-miss-wwe-wrestlemania-33-out-for-at-least-two-months|title=Rusev Injury Update: Bulgarian Superstar to miss WWE WrestleMania 33, out for at least two months|work=Sportskeeda|access-date=March 16, 2017|date=March 16, 2017}}</ref>

On April 3 at the [[WrestleMania 33]] preshow, Mahal was the runner-up in the [[André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal]], being eliminated last by [[Mojo Rawley]] after interference from [[Rob Gronkowski]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/2017-andre-the-giant-memorial-battle-royal-results|title=Mojo Rawley won the 4th annual Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal|last=Artus|first=Matthew|work=WWE|access-date=April 2, 2017}}</ref> On April 11, Mahal was moved to [[SmackDown (WWE brand)|SmackDown]] as part of the [[2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up|Superstar Shake-up]]. On that night, he lost to Rawley after another interference from Gronkowski to end their feud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/04/11/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-411-superstar-shake-night-2-details/|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 4/11: Superstar Shake-up Night 2 details|last1=Keller|first1=Wade|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=April 11, 2017}}</ref>

==== Championship reigns (2017–2018) ====
{{quote box|quote=Jinder is a guy who has always worked extremely hard. He trains hard; he's very intense about what he wants with his career; he's very thoughtful... to Jinder's credit and to [[Drew McIntyre|Drew <nowiki>[McIntyre]</nowiki>]]'s credit, they left, they went and figured it for themselves, they improved. They're both men now as opposed to kids trying to make it in the business... now hopefully they are in a better position to succeed. |source=[[Triple H]] in April 2017<ref>{{cite web|title=INTERVIEW HIGHLIGHTS: Triple H comments on Jinder Mahal suddenly getting a PPV World Title match, Drew McIntyre's fresh start (w/Keller's Analysis)|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/04/25/interview-highlights-triple-h-comments-jinder-mahal-suddenly-getting-ppv-world-title-match-drew-mcintyres-fresh-start-wkellers-analysis/|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=April 27, 2017|date=April 25, 2017}}</ref>|align=right|width=25%}}

On the April 18 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', Mahal won a [[Professional wrestling match types#Six-pack challenge|six-pack challenge]] also involving Mojo Rawley, [[Dolph Ziggler]], [[Erick Rowan]], [[Luke Harper]] and [[Sami Zayn]] to earn a title match for the [[WWE Championship]] after interference from Mahal's new allies, [[The Bollywood Boyz|The Singh Brothers]] (Samir and Sunil Singh).<ref name="TheSinghBrothers">{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/04/18/wwe-smackdown-report-418-six-way-contenders-match-naomi-vs-charlotte/|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 4/18: Six-Way Contenders Match, Naomi vs. Charlotte, Styles vs. Corbin|last=Keller|first=Wade|date=April 18, 2017|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=April 19, 2017}}</ref> As part of the storyline, Mahal attacked WWE Champion [[Randy Orton]], stealing the championship belt<ref>{{cite web|title=WWE SmackDown results, review: Orton and Mahal square off, new No. 1 contenders|url=http://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/wwe-smackdown-results-review-orton-and-mahal-square-off-new-no-1-contenders/|work=[[CBS Sports]]|date=April 26, 2017 |access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> and costing Orton his match with [[Bray Wyatt]] at [[Payback (2017)|Payback]] on April 30.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wwepayback/2017/wwe-champion-randy-orton-vs-bray-wyatt-results|title=Bray Wyatt def. Randy Orton in a House of Horrors Match|last1=Burdick|first1=Michael|work=WWE|access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> On the May 2 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', [[List of WWE SmackDown on-air personalities#Authority figures|SmackDown Commissioner]] [[Shane McMahon]] forced Mahal to return the title belt.<ref name="Smackdown05022017">{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/05/02/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-52-jericho-joins-smackdown-shane-takes-belt-jinder-jinder-vs-sami/|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 5/2: Jericho joins Smackdown, Shane takes belt from Jinder, Jinder vs. Sami|last=Keller|first=Wade|date=May 2, 2017|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> Mahal went on to defeat Sami Zayn later in the episode<ref name="Smackdown05022017"/> and pin Randy Orton in a [[Professional wrestling tag team match types#Multiple man teamed matches|six-man tag team match]] to earn his team the victory the following week on SmackDown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/2017/05/10/22723326.html|title=Smackdown: A trip to London doesn't slow the build toward Backlash|author=Plummer, Dale|publisher=SLAM Wrestling!|access-date=May 23, 2017|date=May 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/05/16/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-516/|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 5/16: Final Backlash hype including Styles vs. Mahal in battle of contenders|last=Keller|first=Wade|date=May 16, 2017|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> On May 21 at [[Backlash (2017)|Backlash]], Mahal defeated Orton to win the WWE Championship (his first championship in WWE), becoming the 50th recognized WWE Champion and the first of Indian descent.<ref>{{cite web|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|title=WWE Champion Jinder Mahal def. Randy Orton|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/backlash/2017/randy-orton-jinder-mahal-results|work=WWE|access-date=May 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=5/21 Powell's WWE Backlash Live Review: Randy Orton vs. Jinder Mahal for the WWE Championship, Kevin Owens vs. AJ Styles for the U.S. Championship, Shinsuke Nakamura vs. Dolph Ziggler|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/05/21/521-powells-wwe-backlash-live-review-randy-orton-vs-jinder-mahal-wwe-championship-kevin-owens-vs-aj-styles-u-s-championship-shinsuke-nakamura-vs-dolph-ziggler/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=May 21, 2017|date=May 21, 2017}}</ref> After Mahal held a Punjabi celebration for his WWE Championship win,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/05/23/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-523-shane-mcmahon-announced-orton-rematch-mahal-money-bank-news-jinder-celebrates/|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 5/23: Shane McMahon announced Orton rematch against Mahal, more Money in the Bank news, Jinder celebrates|last=Keller|first=Wade|date=May 23, 2017|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref> Orton invoked his rematch clause for [[Money in the Bank (2017)|Money in the Bank]] on June 18;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/moneyinthebank/2017/jinder-mahal-randy-orton|title=WWE Champion Jinder Mahal vs. Randy Orton|last=Melok|first=Bobby|work=WWE|access-date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> with [[WWE Hall of Fame]]rs [[Bob Orton Jr.]], [[Ric Flair]], and [[Sgt. Slaughter]] at ringside, Mahal defeated Orton in his first title defence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/moneyinthebank/2017/jinder-mahal-randy-orton-results|title=WWE Champion Jinder Mahal def. Randy Orton|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|work=WWE|access-date=June 18, 2017}}</ref> When an irate Orton demanded another match, McMahon granted it on the condition that Mahal would choose the stipulation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/06/27/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-627-womens-money-bank-redo-naomi-vs-lana-usos-vs-hype-bros-sami-vs-corbin/|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 6/27: Women's Money in the Bank redo, Naomi vs. Lana, Usos vs. Hype Bros., Sami vs. Corbin|last=Keller|first=Wade|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=June 27, 2017}}</ref> which was revealed to be a [[Professional wrestling match types#Punjabi Prison match|Punjabi Prison match]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/wwe-battleground-2017/jinder-mahal-randy-orton|title=WWE Champion Jinder Mahal vs. Randy Orton (Punjabi Prison Match)|last1=Burdick|first1=Michael|work=WWE|access-date=June 27, 2017}}</ref> With Mahal referring to [[The Great Khali]] as his "personal hero",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/07/18/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-718-jinder-mahal-shows-off-punjabi-prison-cage-womens-five-way-title-shot-owens-corbin-vs-nakamura-styles/|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 7/18: Jinder Mahal shows off the Punjabi Prison cage, Battleground Hype, Owens & Corbin vs. Nakamura & Styles|last=Keller|first=Wade|date=July 18, 2017|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=July 18, 2017}}</ref> Khali eventually made his return at [[Battleground (2017)|Battleground]] on July 23 to help Mahal defeat Orton and retain the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wwebattleground/2017/jinder-mahal-randy-orton-results|title=WWE Champion Jinder Mahal def. Randy Orton (Punjabi Prison Match)|last1=Benigno|first1=Anthony|work=WWE|access-date=June 23, 2017}}</ref>

On the August 15 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', [[Baron Corbin]] cashed in his [[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money in the Bank]] contract on Mahal, who had just lost to [[John Cena]] by disqualification. However, Mahal retained the title by pinning a distracted Corbin with a [[Pin (professional wrestling)#Roll-up|roll-up]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-smackdown-results/88451-wwe-smackdown-results-august-15-2017/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 8/15/17 (Final show before SummerSlam)|date=August 15, 2017|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|work=Wrestleview|access-date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> In the following weeks, Mahal started a feud with [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] over the championship, retaining the title against him at [[SummerSlam (2017)|SummerSlam]] on August 20<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burdick|first1=Michael|title=WWE Champion Jinder Mahal vs. Shinsuke Nakamura|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/2017/jinder-mahal-shinsuke-nakamura|work=WWE|access-date=August 1, 2017}}</ref> after interference by The Singh Brothers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Benigno|first1=Anthony|title=WWE Champion Jinder Mahal def. Shinsuke Nakamura|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/2017/jinder-mahal-shinsuke-nakamura-match-results|work=WWE|date=August 20, 2017|access-date=August 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell's WWE SummerSlam 2017 live review: Brock Lesnar vs. Braun Strowman vs. Samoa Joe vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE Universal Championship, Jinder Mahal vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship, Sheamus and Cesaro vs. Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins for the Raw Tag Titles|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/08/20/powells-wwe-summerslam-2017-live-review-brock-lesnar-vs-braun-strowman-vs-samoa-joe-vs-roman-reigns-wwe-universal-championship-jinder-mahal-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-wwe-champio/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=August 20, 2017|date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> In a rematch between the two, which took place on October 8 at [[Hell in a Cell (2017)|Hell in a Cell]], Mahal once again defeated Nakamura to retain the title.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/hellinacell/2017/jinder-mahal-shinsuke-nakamura-results|title=The Modern Day Maharaja attempts to quell the threat of Nakamura|work=WWE|date=October 8, 2017|access-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref> On the October 17 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', Mahal challenged [[WWE Universal Championship|Universal Champion]] [[Brock Lesnar]] to a match at [[Survivor Series (2017)|Survivor Series]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Benigno|first1=Anthony|title=Universal Champion Brock Lesnar vs. WWE Champion Jinder Mahal (Champion vs. Champion Match)|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/2017/brock-lesnar-vs-jinder-mahal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024111545/https://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/2017/brock-lesnar-vs-jinder-mahal|url-status=dead|work=WWE|access-date=December 10, 2018|archive-date=October 24, 2017}}</ref> However, Mahal lost the WWE Championship to [[AJ Styles]] on the November 7 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', ending his reign at 170 days.<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=11/7 Barnett's WWE Smackdown Live TV Review: Jinder Mahal vs. AJ Styles for the WWE Championship, The Usos vs. Shelton Benjamin and Chad Gable for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Becky Lynch vs. James Ellsworth|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/11/07/117-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-jinder-mahal-vs-aj-styles-wwe-championship-usos-vs-shelton-benjamin-chad-gable-smackdown-tag-titles-becky-lynch-vs-james-ellsw/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=November 7, 2017}}</ref> Mahal received his rematch for the title against Styles at [[Clash of Champions (2017)|Clash of Champions]] on December 17,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wweclashofchampions/2017/wwe-champion-aj-styles-vs-jinder-mahal|title=WWE Champion AJ Styles vs. Jinder Mahal|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|publisher=WWE|access-date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> but he lost by submission.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wweclashofchampions/2017/aj-styles-jinder-mahal-results|title=WWE Champion AJ Styles def. Jinder Mahal|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|publisher=WWE|access-date=December 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/12/17/powells-wwe-clash-champions-2017-live-review-aj-styles-vs-jinder-mahal-wwe-championship-kevin-owens-sami-zayn-put-wwe-careers-line-vs-randy-orton-shinsuke-nak/|title=Powell's WWE Clash of Champions 2017 live review: AJ Styles vs. Jinder Mahal for the WWE Championship, Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn put their WWE careers on the line vs. Randy Orton and Shinsuke Nakamura with Shane McMahon and Daniel Bryan as referees|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=December 17, 2017}}</ref> After Mahal lost his rematch, he continued his feud with Styles for the WWE Championship at live events throughout December and January, albeit without success.<ref>{{cite web|title=12/29 WWE Live Results: Albany and Hershey (Reigns vs. Cena, Styles vs. Mahal)|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-live-events/95429-12-29-wwe-live-results-albany-and-hershey-reigns-vs-cena-styles-vs-mahal/|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 9, 2018|date=December 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=12/30 WWE Live Results: Toronto, Canada|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-live-events/95437-12-30-wwe-live-results-toronto-and-tampa-reigns-vs-joe-styles-mahal-cena/|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 9, 2018|date=December 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1/14 WWE Live Results: Hidalgo, Texas (Fatal Five Way main event match headlines)|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-live-events/96199-wwe-live-results-hidalgo-january-14-2018/|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 9, 2018|date=January 15, 2018}}</ref>

After dropping the WWE Championship, Mahal was quickly inserted into the [[WWE United States Championship|United States Championship]] picture after previous champion Dolph Ziggler vacated the title on the December 19 episode of ''SmackDown Live''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/95068-wwe-smackdown-results-december-19-2017/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 12/19/17 (Clash of Champions fallout, Six Man Tag)|date=December 19, 2017|last=Martin|first=Adam|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> He competed in an eight-man tournament to crown a new champion, defeating [[Shawn Spears|Tye Dillinger]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/95295-wwe-smackdown-results-december-26-2017/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 12/26/17 (WWE Championship, Royal Rumble hype)|date=December 26, 2017|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> and [[Xavier Woods]] in the first round and semi-finals, respectively. The Singh Brothers attacked [[Bobby Roode]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/96339-wwe-smackdown-results-january-16-2018/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 1/16/18 (US Title Tournament, Six Women's Tag Match)|date=January 16, 2018|last=Martin|first=Adam|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> The following week, Mahal lost to Roode in the finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/96778-wwe-smackdown-results-january-23-2018/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 1/23/18 (Final hype for Royal Rumble, Six Man Tag Match)|date=January 23, 2018|last=Martin|first=Adam|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> At the [[Royal Rumble (2018)|Royal Rumble]] on January 28, Mahal entered the Rumble match at number 17, eliminating [[Big E (wrestler)|Big E]] and Xavier Woods and before being eliminated by [[Kofi Kingston]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|title=Shinsuke Nakamura won the 2018 Men's Royal Rumble Match|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/royalrumble/2018/30-man-royal-rumble-match-results|publisher=WWE|access-date=January 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Full 2018 30-Man Royal Rumble Match statistics: entrants, eliminations, times and more|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/royalrumble/article/2018-royal-rumble-statistics-entrants-eliminations|publisher=WWE|access-date=January 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Royal Rumble 2018 live review: Men's and Women's Royal Rumble matches, Brock Lesnar vs. Braun Strowman vs. Kane for the WWE Universal Championship, AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/01/28/wwe-royal-rumble-2018-live-review-mens-womens-royal-rumble-matches-brock-lesnar-vs-braun-strowman-vs-kane-wwe-universal-championship-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-sami-zayn-han/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=January 28, 2018|date=January 28, 2018}}</ref> On the February 20 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', Mahal got into a brawl with Bobby Roode and Randy Orton.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/98405-wwe-smackdown-results-february-20-2018/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 2/20/18 (New Day vs. Gable and Benjamin, Six Woman Tag Match)|date=February 20, 2018|last=Martin|first=Adam|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> After defeating both Roode and Orton,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/98789-wwe-smackdown-results-february-27-2018/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 2/27/18 (John Cena returns to Smackdown, Zayn vs. Corbin)|date=February 27, 2018|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/99620-wwe-smackdown-results-march-13-2018/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 3/13/18 (Shane McMahon WrestleMania announcement)|date=March 3, 2018|last=Martin|first=Adam|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Mahal demanded that he should be United States Champion on the [[Fastlane (2018)|Fastlane]] preshow.<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Fastlane Kickoff Show live review: Shelton Benjamin, Chad Gable, and Mojo Rawley vs. Tye Dillinger, Fandango, and Tyler Breeze|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/03/11/wwe-fastlane-kickoff-show-live-review/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=March 11, 2018|date=March 11, 2018}}</ref> When Orton won the United States Championship later that night, Mahal came out to taunt him but both Mahal and Orton received a ''[[DDT (professional wrestling)#Lifting DDT|Glorious DDT]]'' by former champion, Bobby Roode.<ref>{{cite web|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|title=Randy Orton def. Bobby Roode to become the new United States Champion|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wwefastlane/2018/bobby-roode-randy-orton-results|publisher=WWE|access-date=March 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Fastlane 2018 live review: AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens vs. Sami Zayn vs. Baron Corbin vs. Dolph Ziggler vs. John Cena in a six-way for the WWE Championship, The Usos vs. New Day for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Charlotte Flair vs. Ruby Riott for the Smackdown Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/03/11/wwe-fastlane-2018-live-review-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-vs-sami-zayn-vs-baron-corbin-vs-dolph-ziggler-vs-john-cena-six-way-wwe-championship-usos-vs-new-day-sm/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=March 11, 2018|date=March 11, 2018}}</ref> On the March 20 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', Orton was scheduled to defend the United States Championship at [[WrestleMania 34]] in a triple threat against Mahal and Roode.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/99957-wwe-smackdown-results-march-20-2018/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 3/20/18 (Daniel Bryan returns, Hype for WrestleMania 34)|date=March 20, 2018|last=Martin|first=Adam|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> The following week, Mahal teamed with Rusev to defeat Roode and Orton, leading to Rusev being added to the title match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-smackdown-results/100387-wwe-smackdown-results-march-27-2018/|title=WWE Smackdown Results – 3/27/18 (Daniel Bryan fallout, WrestleMania two weeks away)|date=March 27, 2018|last=Tedesco|first=Mike|work=Wrestleview|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|title=United States Champion Randy Orton vs. Bobby Roode vs. Jinder Mahal vs. Rusev (Fatal 4-Way Match)|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-34/randy-orton-vs-bobby-roode-vs-jinder-mahal-rusev|publisher=WWE|access-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> At WrestleMania 34, Mahal pinned Rusev to capture the United States Championship.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pappolla|first=Ryan|title=Jinder Mahal def. Randy Orton, Rusev and Bobby Roode to win the United States Championship|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-34/randy-orton-bobby-roode-jinder-mahal-rusev-results|publisher=WWE|access-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell's WrestleMania 34 live review: AJ Styles vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship, Brock Lesnar vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE Universal Championship, Charlotte Flair vs. Asuka for the Smackdown Women's Championship, Ronda Rousey and Kurt Angle vs. Triple H and Stephanie McMahon|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/08/powells-wrestlemania-34-live-review-aj-styles-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-wwe-championship-brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-charlotte-flair-vs-as/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=April 8, 2018|date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> On April 16, as part of [[2018 WWE Superstar Shake-up|Superstar Shake-up]], Mahal was traded back to Raw, taking the United States Championship with him. On the same night, though, he lost the championship to [[Jeff Hardy]], ending his reign at just 8 days.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE Raw Live TV Review: The Superstar Shakeup Night One, Sasha Banks vs. Bayley, Matt Hardy and Bray Wyatt vs. The Revival for a shot at the vacant Raw Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/16/wwe-raw-live-tv-review-the-superstar-shakeup-night-one-sasha-banks-vs-bayley-matt-hardy-and-bray-wyatt-vs-the-revival-for-a-shot-at-the-vacant-raw-tag-titles/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=April 16, 2018|date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> On April 27 at [[WWE Greatest Royal Rumble|Greatest Royal Rumble]] event, Mahal failed to win back the United States Championship from Hardy.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Melok|first1=Bobby|title=United States Champion Jeff Hardy def. Jinder Mahal|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/greatest-royal-rumble/2018/jeff-hardy-jinder-mahal-results|work=WWE|access-date=April 27, 2018}}</ref>

==== Brand switches and injuries (2018–2020) ====
[[File:Jinder mahal mania 34 (cropped).jpeg|thumb|right|Mahal at [[WrestleMania 34]]]]
On the May 7 episode of ''Raw'', after defeating [[Chad Gable]], Mahal was denied entry into the triple threat [[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money in the Bank]] qualifying match by General Manager [[Kurt Angle]], which led to Mahal interfering and costing [[Roman Reigns]] the match later that night.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-raw-results/103879-may-7-2018-mitb-qualifying-matches-uniondale/|title=WWE RAW Results – 5/7/18 (Two Triple Threat Money in the Bank Qualifying Matches)|work=WrestleView|first=Mike|last=Tedesco|date=May 7, 2018|access-date=December 10, 2018}}</ref> The following week, Mahal was scheduled to compete in another triple threat Money in the Bank qualifying match against [[Bobby Lashley]] and [[Elias (wrestler)|Elias]], but he was attacked by Reigns before the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2018/05/14/5-14-wwe-raw-results-kellers-report-and-analysis-of-jax-vs-rousey-title-match-announcement-and-latest-money-in-the-bank-developments/|title=5/14 WWE RAW RESULTS: Keller's report and analysis of Jax vs. Rousey title match announcement and latest Money in the Bank developments|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|first=Wade|last=Keller|date=May 14, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> At [[Money in the Bank (2018)|Money in the Bank]], Mahal lost to Reigns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/moneyinthebank/2018/roman-reigns-jinder-mahal-results|title=Roman Reigns def. Jinder Mahal|work=WWE|first=Anthony|last=Benigno|date=June 17, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>

The night after on ''Raw'', Mahal returned as the "man who comes in peace" and defeated Chad Gable.<ref>{{cite web |title=WWE RAW Results – 6/18/18 (Fallout from Money in the Bank, Ronda Rousey advertised) |url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-raw-results/107177-june-18-2018-mitb-fallout-ronda-rousey-grand-rapids/ |website=WrestleView |access-date=June 29, 2018|date=June 18, 2018 }}</ref> In July, Mahal was inserted into the feud between [[Braun Strowman]] and [[Kevin Owens]], defeating Strowman via countout and disqualification after distractions from Owens.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2018-07-30/article/jinder-mahal-def-braun-strowman-via-count-out|title=Jinder Mahal def. Braun Strowman via Count-out|work=WWE|first=Anthony|last=Benigno|date=July 30, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2018-08-06/article/jinder-mahal-def-braun-strowman-via-disqualification|title=Jinder Mahal def. Braun Strowman via Disqualification|work=WWE|first=Anthony|last=Benigno|date=August 6, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> On the August 13 episode of ''Raw'', Mahal and Owens were defeated by Strowman and [[Finn Bálor]] when Strowman pinned Mahal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-raw-results/111578-august-13-greensboro-go-home-show-summerslam/|title=WWE RAW Results – 8/13/18 (Triple Threat for RAW Tag Titles, SummerSlam go home)|work=WrestleView|first=Mike|last=Tedesco|date=August 13, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> Starting in September Mahal competed in the second iteration of the [[WWE Mixed Match Challenge]], teaming with [[Alicia Fox]] as "Mahalicia". The duo lost all of their matches save for the final one, in which they defeated [[Bobby Roode]] and [[Natalya Neidhart|Natalya]], to advance to the playoffs as the lowest ranked team on ''Raw''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-mixed-match-challenge/2018-11-20/article/natalya-bobby-roode-jinder-mahal-alicia-fox-results|title=Alicia Fox & Jinder Mahal def. Bobby Roode & Natalya|work=WWE|date=November 20, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> In the quarterfinals they upset the highest-ranked team of [[Curt Hawkins]] and [[Ember Moon]], after Mahal pinned Hawkins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-mixed-match-challenge/2018-11-27/article/jinder-mahal-alicia-fox-curt-hawkins-ember-moon-results|title=Jinder Mahal & Alicia Fox def. Curt Hawkins & Ember Moon|work=WWE|first=Michael|last=Burdick|date=November 27, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> Mahal and Fox qualified for the finals by defeating [[Apollo Crews]] and [[Bayley (wrestler)|Bayley]] in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-mixed-match-challenge/2018-12-11/article/jinder-mahal-alicia-fox-apollo-crews-bayley-results|title=Jinder Mahal & Alicia Fox def. Apollo Crews & Bayley|work=WWE|first=Anthony|last=Benigno|date=December 11, 2018|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> At the [[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2018)|TLC]] pay-per-view on December 16, Mahal and Fox lost the final to [[R-Truth]] and [[Carmella (wrestler)|Carmella]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burdick|first1=Michael|title=Carmella & R-Truth def. Jinder Mahal & Alicia Fox to win Season 2 of Mixed Match Challenge|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwetlc/2018/r-truth-carmella-jinder-mahal-alicia-fox-results|work=WWE|access-date=December 16, 2018}}</ref>

On January 27, 2019, Mahal participated in the [[Royal Rumble (2019)|Royal Rumble]] match, entering at number 7, before being eliminated by [[Johnny Gargano]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell's WWE Royal Rumble 2019 live review: Men's and Women's Royal Rumble matches, Brock Lesnar vs. Finn Balor for the WWE Universal Championship, Daniel Bryan vs. AJ Styles for the WWE Championship, Ronda Rousey vs. Sasha Banks for the Raw Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/01/27/powells-wwe-royal-rumble-2019-live-review-mens-and-womens-royal-rumble-matches-brock-lesnar-vs-finn-balor-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-daniel-bryan-vs-aj-styles-for-the-wwe-championsh/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=January 27, 2019|date=January 27, 2019}}</ref> At [[WrestleMania 35]], Mahal competed in the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal, but failed to win.<ref name="preWM35">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WrestleMania 35 Kickoff Show results: Powell's live review of the Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal, WWE Women's Battle Royal, Buddy Murphy vs. Tony Nese for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/04/07/wrestlemania-35-kickoff-show-results-powells-live-review-of-the-andre-the-giant-memorial-battle-royal-wwe-womens-battle-royal-buddy-murphy-vs-tony-nese-for-the-wwe-cruiserweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=April 7, 2019|date=April 7, 2019}}</ref> As part of [[2019 WWE Superstar Shake-up|Superstar Shake-up]], Mahal was moved to the SmackDown brand.<ref name="SmackDown04232019">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/04/23/4-23-wwe-smackdown-live-results-powells-review-of-kofi-kingston-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-in-a-non-title-match-becky-lynch-and-charlotte-flair-meet-face-to-face-for-the-first-time-since-wrestlemania-3/|title=4/23 WWE Smackdown Live results: Powell's review of Kofi Kingston vs. Shinsuke Nakamura in a non-title match, Becky Lynch and Charlotte Flair meet face to face for the first time since WrestleMania 35, fallout from Roman Reigns punching Vince McMahon and the Superstar Shakeup |date=April 23, 2019|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref> In his first match back on the April 23 episode of ''SmackDown'', he was scheduled to face Chad Gable, but the latter was blindsided by [[Lars Sullivan]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Pappolla|first=Ryan|title=Lars Sullivan once again demolished several Superstars|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/2019-04-23/article/lars-sullivan-destroyed-several-superstars|work=WWE|access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> On June 2, Mahal captured the [[WWE 24/7 Championship|24/7 Championship]] after pinning champion R-Truth on a golf course, but dropped the title right back to Truth immediately afterwards due to a distraction by Carmella.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bristout|first=Ralph|title=R-Truth regains the 24/7 Title after golf course scrap with Jinder Mahal|url=https://www.wwe.com/article/r-truth-regains-the-24-7-title-after-golf-course-scrap-with-jinder-mahal|work=WWE|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> Four days later, he defeated Truth for the title by pinning him on an airport tarmac, becoming a two-time 24/7 Champion,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/videos/r-truth-loses-the-24-7-title-on-the-airport-tarmac|title=R-Truth loses the 24/7 Title at the airport|via=www.wwe.com}}</ref> but Truth won the title back hours later when he pinned a sleeping Mahal inside of the airplane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/videos/r-truth-pins-a-sleeping-jinder-mahal-on-an-airplane-to-win-the-24-7-title|title=R-Truth catches Jinder Mahal napping to reclaim the 24/7 Title|via=www.wwe.com}}</ref> On June 28, WWE announced that Mahal suffered a knee injury and it was reported that the injury would sideline him for six to twelve months.<ref name="injury">{{cite web|last=Wortman|first=James|title=Jinder Mahal undergoes knee surgery|url=https://www.wwe.com/article/jinder-mahal-patellar-tendon-surgery|work=WWE|access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref> As part of the [[2019 WWE Draft|2019 draft]], Mahal was drafted to the Raw brand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/article/full-2019-wwe-draft-results|title=See all the results from the 2019 WWE Draft|date=October 11, 2019|author=[[WWE]].com Staff|work=[[WWE]].com|access-date=October 14, 2019}}</ref> On the April 27, 2020, episode of ''Raw'', Mahal returned from injury, now sporting a shaved head, defeating [[Akira Tozawa]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|date=April 27, 2020|title=4/27 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of the Drew McIntyre and Seth Rollins contract signing for the WWE Championship match at Money in the Bank, Shayna Baszler vs. Nia Jax vs. Asuka in a Triple Threat|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/04/27/4-27-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-drew-mcintyre-and-seth-rollins-contract-signing-for-the-wwe-championship-match-at-money-in-the-bank-shayna-baszler-vs-nia-jax-vs-asuka-in-a-triple/|access-date=April 27, 2020|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=April 27, 2020|title=Raw results, April 27, 2020|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2020-04-27|access-date=April 28, 2020|work=[[WWE]]}}</ref> A month later, it was revealed that Mahal underwent another surgery to fix complications in his knee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jinder Mahal sidelined after undergoing knee surgery|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/06/05/jinder-mahal-sidelined-after-undergoing-knee-surgery/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>

==== Various alliances (2021–present) ====
After a nine-month absence, Mahal appeared at the [[Superstar Spectacle]] on January 26, 2021, reuniting with The Singh Brothers but lost to [[Drew McIntyre]] and Indus Sher ([[Rinku Singh (wrestler)|Rinku]] and [[Saurav Gurjar|Saurav]]) in a six-man tag team match. He returned again on the May 3 episode of ''[[WWE Main Event|Main Event]]'', being accompanied by [[Dilsher Shanky|Shanky]] and [[Rinku Singh (wrestler)|Veer]], where he defeated [[Jeff Hardy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wrestlingworld.co/news/jinder-mahal-returns-to-in-ring-action-on-wwe-main-event-defeats-jeff-hardy/|title = Jinder Mahal Returns to In-Ring Action on WWE Main Event, Defeats Jeff Hardy|date = May 4, 2021}}</ref> In June, Mahal would begin with a feud with Drew McIntyre after Mahal took to question with the amount of title opportunities he had received over the past year. At [[Money in the Bank (2021)|Money in the Bank]], Mahal interfered in the titular match attacking McIntyre with Shanky and Veer carrying him away from the match. The following night on ''Raw'', Mahal, Shanky, and Veer gloated about costing McIntyre the match only for McIntyre to attack all three with a [[steel chair]].<ref name="Raw07192021">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/07/19/7-19-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-john-cenas-show-opening-segment-fans-return-charlotte-flair-coronation-symphony-of-destruction-match-six-man-tag-match-the-money-in-the-bank-fallo/|title=7/19 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of John Cena's show opening segment, fans return, Charlotte Flair coronation, Symphony of Destruction match, six-man tag match, the Money in the Bank fallout edition|date=July 19, 2021|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=July 20, 2021}}</ref> At [[SummerSlam (2021)|SummerSlam]], Mahal lost to McIntyre.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Laboon|first=Jeff|title=Drew McIntyre def. Jinder Mahal|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/2021/drew-mcintyre-vs-jinder-mahal-results|work=WWE|date=August 21, 2021|access-date=August 22, 2021}}</ref>

As part of the [[2021 WWE Draft|2021 Draft]], both Mahal and Shanky were drafted to the [[SmackDown (WWE brand)|SmackDown brand]] while Veer remained on the [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw brand]], ending their alliance with Veer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/latest-wwe-draft-results-2021|title = See all the results from the 2021 Draft}}</ref><ref name="Raw10042021">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/10/04/10-4-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-wwe-draft-night-two-goldberg-returns-the-build-to-wwe-crown-jewel-continues/|title=10/4 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of the WWE Draft night two, Goldberg returns, the build to WWE Crown Jewel continues|date=October 4, 2021|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=October 5, 2021}}</ref> In October, Mahal entered the [[King of the Ring (2021)|King of the Ring]] tournament, where he defeated [[Kofi Kingston]] in the first round, but lost to [[Xavier Woods]] in the semi-finals.<ref name="Raw10112021">{{cite web|last1=Powell |first1=Jason |title=10/11 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of Becky Lynch and Charlotte Flair vs. Bianca Belair and Sasha Banks, WWE Champion Big E and Drew McIntyre meet face to face, King of the Ring and Queen's Crown opening round matches |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/10/11/10-11-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-becky-lynch-and-charlotte-flair-vs-bianca-belair-and-sasha-banks-wwe-champion-big-e-and-drew-mcintyre-meet-face-to-face-king-of-the-ring-and-queens/ |work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net |access-date=October 12, 2021 |date=October 11, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Raw10182021">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=10/18 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of Charlotte Flair vs. Bianca Belair for the Raw Women's Championship, Shayna Baszler vs. Doudrop in a Queen's Crown semifinal match, Xavier Woods vs. Jinder Mahal in a KOTR semifinal match, final hype for Crown Jewel|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/10/18/10-18-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-charlotte-flair-vs-bianca-belair-for-the-raw-womens-championship-shayna-baszler-vs-doudrop-in-a-queens-crown-semifinal-match-xavier-woods-vs-ji/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=October 19, 2021|date=October 18, 2021}}</ref> At [[Survivor Series (2021)|Survivor Series]], Mahal would be a part of [[Dwayne Johnson|The Rock's 25th anniversary battle royal]], but was eliminated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omos is the last man standing in the 25-man Dual-Brand Battle Royal|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/survivor-series/survivor-series-2021/25-man-dual-brand-battle-royal-results|access-date=November 25, 2021|website=WWE|language=en}}</ref> On the April 15, 2022, edition of ''SmackDown'', Mahal would challenge [[Ricochet (wrestler)|Ricochet]] for the Intercontinental Championship but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wrestlingnews.co/wwe-news/wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-for-july-15-2022|title=WWE Friday Night SmackDown Results for July 15,2022|last=Curtie|first=Billy|website=Wrestlingnews.co|date=July 15, 2022|access-date=July 16, 2022}}</ref>

At [[NXT: New Year's Evil (2023)|New Year's Evil]] on January 10, 2023, Mahal returned to NXT for the first time since 2012, aligning himself with Indus Sher (Veer and [[Saurav Gurjar|Sanga]]) by attacking [[The Creed Brothers]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Moore|first=John|title=1/10 NXT TV results: Moore's review of New Year's Evil featuring Bron Breakker vs. Grayson Waller for the NXT Title, 20-woman battle royal for a shot at the NXT Women's Title, The Creed Brothers vs. Indus Sher, Dijak vs. Tony D'Angelo, Charlie Dempsey vs. Hank Walker, gauntlet match for an NXT Tag Team Title shot|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/01/10/1-10-nxt-tv-results-moores-review-of-new-years-evil-featuring-bron-breakker-vs-grayson-waller-for-the-nxt-title-20-woman-battle-royal-for-a-shot-at-the-nxt-womens-title-the-creed-brothers-vs/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=January 10, 2023|access-date=January 11, 2023}}</ref> On the February 21 episode of ''NXT,'' Mahal challenged [[Bron Breakker]] for the [[NXT Championship]] in a losing effort. As part of the [[2023 WWE Draft]], Mahal returned to the main roster as Indus Sher collectively was drafted to the [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/latest-wwe-draft-results-2023|title = See all the results from the 2023 Draft|publisher=WWE|date=April 28, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Keller |first1=Wade |title=5/1 WWE Monday Night Raw Results: Keller's report on WWE Draft, Riddle vs. Uso, Judgment Day vs. LWO mixed tag, Lesnar, Cody |url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2023/05/01/5-1-wwe-monday-night-raw-results-kellers-report-on-wwe-draft-riddle-vs-uso-judgment-day-vs-lwo-mixed-tag-lesnar-cody/ |access-date=May 1, 2023 |work=Pro Wrestling Torch |date=May 1, 2023}}</ref>

== Other media ==
Dhesi, as Jinder Mahal, appears in the wrestling video games ''[[WWE '13]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/thq/wwe-13/wwe-13-playable-characters-part-one-photos#fid-26089985|title="WWE '13" playable characters part one|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> ''[[WWE 2K14]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/2k/wwe-2k14/wwe-2k14-full-roster-revealed|title='WWE 2K14' full roster revealed|publisher=[[WWE]]|date=September 19, 2013|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> ''[[WWE 2K18]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/section/wwe-2k18/article/wwe-2k18-roster-playable-character-list|title=WWE 2K18 roster: Meet the Superstars joining the list of playable characters|publisher=[[WWE]]|date=September 27, 2017|access-date=November 4, 2017}}</ref> ''[[WWE 2K19]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nordic.ign.com/m/xbox-one-gaming-hardware/18381/news/wwe-2k19-roster-reveal-75-playable-superstars-announced |title=WWE 2K19 Roster Reveal: 75 Playable Superstars Announced |last=Fowler |first=Matt |website=[[IGN]] |date=August 30, 2018}}</ref> ''[[WWE 2K20]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.ign.com/india/140406/news/wwe-2k20-roster-revealed|title=WWE 2K20 Roster Revealed|last=Doke|first=Shunal|website=[[IGN]]|date=October 11, 2019}}</ref> ''[[WWE 2K22]]'' and ''[[WWE 2K23]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/wwe-2k22-wrestlers|title=WWE 2K22 wrestlers list sorted by Raw, Smackdown, AEW and more|last=Wilson|first=Ben|date=July 6, 2022|website=[[GamesRadar+]]|access-date=July 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720065821/https://www.gamesradar.com/wwe-2k22-wrestlers/|archive-date=July 20, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2021, Dhesi announced he was joining the cast of the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] drama series ''[[Big Sky (American TV series)|Big Sky]]''.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1461049109184405520|user=JinderMahal|title=The Maharaja has joined the cast of @BigSkyABC season 2 as Dhruv. Starting Tomorrow and every Thurs at 10/9C PM on…|date=November 17, 2021}}</ref> He debuted on the 22nd episode ("Heart-shaped Charm") as Dhruv, the enforcer of Ren's brother Jag. Through April 7, 2022, he has appeared in 9 episodes of Big Sky.

== Personal life ==
Dhesi is an [[Indo-Canadian]] from [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]] and currently resides in [[Tampa]], [[Florida]], [[United States]]. He is fluent in [[English language|English]] and his family's native [[Languages of India|Indian languages]] of [[Hindi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<ref name=slam/> Dhesi follows a [[straight edge]] lifestyle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleedingcool.com/movies/hey-ryback-straight-edge-jinder-mahal-says-consistency-not-roids-got-stunning-physique/|title=Hey Ryback: Straight-Edge Jinder Mahal Says Consistency, Not Roids, Got Him His Stunning Physique|date=May 13, 2017|accessdate=April 20, 2023|work=[[Bleeding Cool]]|author=Terror, Jude}}</ref>

Dhesi is friends with [[mixed martial artist]] and fellow [[Indo-Canadian]], [[Arjan Bhullar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=James |last2=Sapp |first2=Sean Ross |title=Exclusive: UFC's Arjan Bhullar Talks Friendship With Jinder Mahal, Possible Move To WWE, Upcoming Fight {{!}} Fightful News |url=https://www.fightful.com/mma/exclusives/exclusive-ufc-s-arjan-bhullar-talks-friendship-jinder-mahal-possible-move-wwe-upcoming-fight |access-date=January 13, 2020 |work=www.fightful.com |date=April 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He is also good friends with American professional wrestler [[Heath Slater|Heath]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/wwe/wwe-news-heath-slater-discusses-if-he-still-talks-with-jinder-mahal-and-drew-mcintyre|title=WWE News: Heath Slater discusses if he still talks with Jinder Mahal and Drew McIntyre
|author=Bennett, Jeremy|work=Sportskeedaa|date=November 16, 2017|access-date=July 16, 2022}}</ref> and Scottish professional wrestler [[Drew McIntyre]], and was a groomsman at McIntyre's wedding.

In 2017, Canadian politician [[Graham Sucha]] tabled three documents before the Assembly, formally congratulating Dhesi for winning the WWE Championship.<ref>{{cite web|title=WWE News: Canada recognises Jinder Mahal's title win in Alberta Legislature|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/wwe/wwe-news-canada-recognises-jinder-mahals-title-win-alberta-legislature|website=Sportskeeda|access-date=May 26, 2017|date=May 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Canadian politicians really like honoring wrestlers for winning WWE titles|url=http://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/canadian-politicians-really-like-congratulating-wrestlers-on-winning-wwe-titles/|website=CBSSports.com|date=May 24, 2017 |access-date=May 26, 2017|language=en}}</ref> During the [[2019 Canadian federal election]], Dhesi endorsed [[Jagmeet Singh]] of the [[New Democratic Party]] for [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/17/ndp-leader-jagmeet-singh-hopes-for-lift-from-drakes-producer-as-he-hosts-final-ontario-campaign-rally-in-brampton.html|title=NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh returns to 905 community that launched his political career|author=Ballingal, Alex|work=The Star|date=October 17, 2019|access-date=October 21, 2019}}</ref>

== Championships and accomplishments ==
[[File:Jinder Mahal and Singh Bro (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mahal is a former [[WWE Championship|WWE Champion]]...]]
[[File:Jinder Mahal US champ WM34 crop.jpg|thumb|200px|...and a former [[WWE United States Championship|United States Champion]].]]
* '''All-Star Wrestling'''
** ASW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Gama Singh Jr.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2357|title=ASW Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=October 24, 2014|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>
* '''Continental Wrestling Entertainment'''
** CWE Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref name="auto"/>
* '''[[Prairie Wrestling Alliance]]'''
** PWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with [[Raj Singh (wrestler)|Gama Singh Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2644|title=PWA Canadian Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=October 20, 2007|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>
** PWA Heavyweight Championship (2 times)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2642|title=PWA Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=July 4, 2009|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>
* '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]'''''
** [[List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards#Most Hated Wrestler of the Year|Most Hated Wrestler of the Year]] (2017)<ref name="PWI Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.pwi-online.com/pages/PWIawards.html|title=PWI Awards|work=[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]|publisher=[[Kappa Publishing Group]]|access-date=April 11, 2018|archive-date=January 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121172943/http://www.pwi-online.com/pages/PWIawards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards#Most Improved Wrestler of the Year|Most Improved Wrestler of the Year]] (2017)<ref name="PWI Awards"/>
** Ranked No. 14 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500|PWI 500]]'' in 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=97&nr=230#2018|title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2018|access-date=October 1, 2018|work=cagematch.net}}</ref>
* '''''[[Rolling Stone]]'''''
** Comeback of the Year (2017)<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Herzog|first=Kenny|title=WWE Wrestler of the Year: The Miz|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-sports/wwe-wrestler-of-the-year-the-miz-116075/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=December 19, 2017|access-date=September 24, 2020}}</ref>
* '''[[Stampede Wrestling]]'''
** [[Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship]] ([[Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship#Title history|2 times]]) – with Gama Singh Jr.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=175|title=Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=March 4, 2005|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>
*'''''[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]'''''
**[[List of Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards#Most Overrated|Most Overrated]] (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/wrestling-observer-radio/wor-2017-wrestling-observer-newsletter-awards-discussion-and-more-253601|title=WOR: 2017 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards Discussion and More!|last=Alvarez|first=Bryan|author-link=Bryan Alvarez|date=March 15, 2018|access-date=March 15, 2018|work=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref>
* '''''[[WrestleCrap]]'''''
** [[WrestleCrap#Gooker Award|Gooker Award (2017)]] – {{small|Winning the [[WWE Championship]]}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Induction: Jinder Mahal, WWE Champion – THE 2017 Gooker Award Winner (For Real This Time)|url=http://wrestlecrap.com/inductions/jinder-mahal-gooker-2017/|website=WrestleCrap|access-date=April 29, 2018|date=January 19, 2018}}</ref>
* '''[[WWE]]'''
** [[WWE Championship]] ([[List of WWE Champions|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwe-championship|title=WWE Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=May 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=20|title=WWE Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=May 21, 2017|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>
** [[WWE United States Championship]] ([[List of WWE United States Champions|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates|title=United States Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=62|title=WWE United States Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=April 8, 2018|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>
** [[WWE 24/7 Championship]] ([[WWE 24/7 Championship#Reigns|2 times]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/24-7-championship|title=WWE 24/7 Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=May 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=4219|title=WWE 24/7 Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=June 2, 2019|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{WWE superstar}}
* {{twitter}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Professional wrestling profiles}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150621185938/http://www.igf.jp/fighter/raj-singh/ Raj Singh]'s [[Inoki Genome Federation]] profile {{in lang|ja}}

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[[Category:1986 births]]
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[[Category:Canadian expatriate professional wrestlers in the United States]]
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Jasmine Sandlas

2023-10-03T15:42:38Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Indian English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Indian-American singer, rapper, television personality, performer, songwriter}}
{{Use Indian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jasmine Sandlas
| image = Jasmine Sandlas.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 4 September 1989
| birth_place = [[Jalandhar]], Punjab, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|rapper|television personality|performer|songwriter}}
| years_active = 2008–present
| net_worth =
| spouse =
| children =
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| website = {{URL|jasminesandlas.com}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| background = people
| instruments = Vocals
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[R&B]]
* Punjabi rap
* [[Hindustani classical music]]
* [[Pop music|Pop]]
* [[Folk music of Punjab|Punjabi Folk]]
* [[Hip-Hop]]}}
| label = [[Sony Music India]]<ref name="TOI 2015">{{cite web | title=Jasmine Sandlas released Tere Vangu | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 December 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/Jasmine-Sandlas-released-Tere-Vangu/articleshow/20794292.cms | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>
| associated_acts = {{Ubl | [[Bohemia (musician)|Bohemia]] | [[Gippy Grewal]] | [[Garry Sandhu]] | [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] | [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] | [[Amrit Maan]] | [[Ranjit Bawa]] | [[Ikka]] | [[Dr Zeus]] | [[Preet Hundal]] | [[Ramji Gulati]] | [[Meet Bros]] | [[Gur Sidhu]]}}
}}
}}

'''Jasmine Kaur Sandlas''' is an Indian-American singer, rapper, television personality, performer, and songwriter who mainly sings [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] songs.<ref name="Singh 2016">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Deepali | title=Jasmine Sandlas: Meet Honey Singh's favourite 'phone' recording artist! | website=[[DNA India]] | date=16 April 2016 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-jasmine-sandlas-meet-honey-singh-s-favourite-phone-recording-artist-2202706 | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes.com 2013">{{cite web | title=VOICES TO RECKON WITH: 8) Jasmine Sandlas, 28, California | website=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=26 December 2013 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/voices-to-reckon-with/story-yYxCP3N6Rkbu09UKA2wl8H.html | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Venkat 2012">{{cite web | last=Venkat | first=Vaivasvat | title=Ludhiana goes international to ring in New Year...would invite rapper Bohemia, Jasmine Sandlas and DJ Hitesh | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 December 2012 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Ludhiana-goes-international-to-ring-in-New-Year/articleshow/17803669.cms | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> She was also featured on the [[TED (conference)#TEDx|TEDx]] Talks,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/22465|title=Jasmine Sandlas Speaks at TEDxSIULavale}}</ref> ''MTV'' [[Coke Studio (India)|Coke Studio]] and spoken word platforms. Jasmine Sandlas is an independent artist.

Sandlas, born in Jalandar, Punjab, India and raised in Stockton, California always aspired to pursue a career in singing. Sandlas' first song was "Muskan" (2008) became a hit. In 2014, she began her Bollywood playback singing career with the song "Yaar Na Miley" for the film [[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]. Upon its release, "Yaar Na Miley" went viral and topped the charts and Sandlas received wide critical acclaim for her singing style as well as earned several awards, including "Most popular song of year 2016 - [[PTC Punjabi Film Awards]]" and [[Screen Award for Best Female Playback]]. Moreover, she is also known as the Queen of Punjabi music industry among her fans due to her unique style of singing and lifestyle.

== Early life and background ==
Jasmine Kaur Sandlas was born in [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India]] in a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Sikh]] family.<ref>{{cite web | title=Jasmine Sandlas | website=Desi Hip Hop | date=15 October 2011 | url=http://www.desihiphop.com/tag/jasmine-sandlas }}</ref> Her mother is the one who put her on the stage to sing at an early age, during her [[school]] days she participated in many song competitions and then that was the time when she got influenced by many Punjabi folk singers. At the age of 13, she with her family, migrated to [[California]] and got inspired by the West Coast music.<ref name="Kasmin 2017"/> She was only 16 when she began writing songs.<ref name="Sen 2016">{{cite web | last=Sen | first=Debarati S | title=Jasmine Sandlas: Good music comes from great energy | website=The Times of India | date=6 May 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Good-music-comes-from-great-energy/articleshow/52122917.cms | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>

== Music career ==
Her first song, 'Muskan',<ref name="Rashid">{{cite web | last=Rashid | first=Zaynah | title=Jasmine Sandlas Sings Mombatti – Punjab2000.com | website=Punjab2000.com | url=http://punjab2000.com/jasmine-sandlas-sings-mombatti/ | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> from the album 'The Diamond', written by Lalie Gill was great success worldwide.<ref name="Gulf Digital News">{{cite web | title= Bohemia live-in concert with Jasmine Sandlas | website=Gulf Digital News – Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman | url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Print.aspx?storyid=346053 | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> In 2012, she did an album 'Gulabi' with rapper [[Bohemia (rapper)|Bohemia]].<ref name="Kasmin 2017">{{cite web | last=Fernandesi | first=Kasmin S | title=Jasmine Sandlas: I was a little girl from Punjab with dreams larger than life | website=The Times of India | date=18 July 2014 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Jasmine-Sandlas-I-was-a-little-girl-from-Punjab-with-dreams-larger-than-life/articleshow/38554917.cms | access-date=16 May 2017}}</ref> After the launch of "Gulabi" album, she started receiving recognition from the mainstream Punjabi music industry. In 2015, Jasmine Sandlas was out with single ''Punjab De Javak''. Jasmine's career began with underground album 'The Diamond' in 2008. Her Bollywood playback singing career began with ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'', for which she did the song called "Devil-Yaar Naa Miley" with [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]].<ref name="TNN 2014">{{cite web | last=N | first=TN | title='Devil' song from 'Kick': Nargis Fakhri's hot item number | website=The Times of India | date=14 July 2014 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Devil-song-from-Kick-Nargis-Fakhris-hot-item-number/articleshow/38359270.cms | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>

===2012:Gulabi===
In 2012, the Gulabi album was launched by [[Sony Music|Sony Music Company]].

=== 2014:Entry into Bollywood ===
In 2014, she debuted in [[Music of Bollywood|Bollywood]] as a playback singer in movie ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' alongside [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]].<ref name="Indiatvnews 2014">{{cite web | title=Kick 'Yaar Na Miley' song review: Salman-Nargis dance on Honey Singh's tunes (watch video) | website=Indiatvnews | date=13 July 2014 | url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/kick-yaar-na-miley-song-review-salman-nargis-honey-singh-15620.html | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>

=== 2016 ===
Jasmine has given two singles "Ishq Da Sutta" and "Raat Jashan Di" for the movies ''[[One Night Stand (2016 film)|One Night Stand]]'' and ''[[Zorawar]]'', respectively.

Jasmine is also part of the TV series on women-empowerment called ''Angels of Rock'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtvindia.com/angelsofrock/|title=Angels of Rock|website=MTV India}}</ref><ref name="Radioandmusic.com 2016">{{cite web | title=Singers Jasmine, Shalmali, Akasa, Anusha are MTV India's 'Angels of Rock' | website=Radioandmusic.com | date=25 May 2016 | url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/160419-singers-jasmine-shalmali-akasa-anusha-are | access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> by [[MTV India|MTV]] India. Jasmine along with three other artists biked from Mumbai to the Wagah border (travelling through Gujarat, Rajasthan, UP, Punjab along the way), covering places in rural as well as urban India. Along the way, they met some inspiring women who have scripted their own success stories in varied fields and are using their voice to speak up and discuss issues that urgently need attention. Each episode will also end with a special song. The first episode of season 1, aired on 31 July 2016.

===2020:What's In A Name===
In 2020, the third album ''What's In A Name'' was launched on Jasmine Sandlas own YouTube Channel. The album “What’s In A Name” contains 8 songs. The music is produced by Intense and Hark. Jasmine Sandlas perfectly planned this album. Her fans already knew about the album through her Instagram profile she created the Instagram theme with the art and animation. There is a lot of hard work done by her team also. The illustration was designed by Diksha and animation is done by VFX kalakaar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://siachenstudios.com/news/jasmine-sandlas-releases-album-whats-in-a-name/|title=Jasmine Sandlas Releases Third Album "What's In A Name"|website=Siachen Studios|date=4 June 2020|access-date= 4 June 2020}}</ref>

===2021: The Great Punjabi Experiment===
TGME was an experiment that Jasmine Sandlas started to observe if her predictions ,about what kind of music people like ,were right or wrong. It consisted of 9 songs. First Song “Gaana challe ya na” was released on 8 March 2021 whereas last song “Dil Tutteya” was released on 10 February 2022.{{Cn|date=December 2022}}

===2022===
Jasmine Sandlas released an EP called “Tini” on her birthday that concluded 4 songs: “Yakeen” , “Kehnda hi Nahi” , “Hava vich” and “Kehri gali”.{{Cn|date=December 2022}}

Sandlas released a single called “Jee Jeha Karda” on 7 November.{{Cn|date=December 2022}}

===2023===
Jasmine’s first project of the year was called “Jehri ve” which also had Gippy Grewal’s vocals in it. The track was from the movie “mitraan da naa chalda” and came out on 30 January.

“Ittar” , written by Jaani , was released on March 7. B praak composed the music.

==Discography ==
===[[Soundtrack albums]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year !! Movie !! Title !! Lyrics !! Music !! Co-Singer !! Length
|-
!colspan=7|Hindi
|-
|2014 || ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' || "Yaar Na Miley", "Yaar Na Miley (Remix)" ||colspan="3"|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] || 4:03
|-
|2015
| ''[[Second Hand Husband]]'' || "Mitthi Meri Jaan" || Rahul Behenwal || Jatinder Singh Shah || [[Gippy Grewal]] || 2:57
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
| ''[[One Night Stand (2016 film)|One Night Stand]]'' || "Ishq Da Sutta" || [[Kumaar]]
|colspan="2"|[[Meet Bros]]|| 4:24
|-
| ''[[Veerappan (2016 film)|Veerappan]]'' || "Khallas Veerappan" || Herself || [[Jeet Ganguly]] || Shaarib, Toshi || 3:01
|-
| ''[[Fuddu]]'' || "Curves Mere Killerrr Killerrr" || Satya Khare || Sumeet Bellary || Sumeet Bellary || 3:43
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[Machine (2017 film)|Machine]]'' || "Brake'an Fail" || Herself || [[Dr Zeus]] || Rajveer Singh & [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]]|| 4:38
|-
| ''[[Naam Shabana]]'' || "Baby Besharm" |||| [[Meet Bros]] ||[[Aditi Singh Sharma]] || 3:46
|-
|2020
|''[[Street Dancer 3D]]''|| "Illegal Weapon 2.0"||[[Priya Saraiya]]||[[Tanishk Bagchi]]||[[Garry Sandhu]]||3:08
|-
!colspan=7|Punjabi
|-
|2016
| ''[[Zorawar]]'' || "Raat Jashan Di" || [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], Jasmine Sandlas || colspan="2"|[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] || 4:55
|-
|2017
| ''[[Jindua]]'' || "Chal Jindua" || [[Babu Singh Maan]] || [[Jaidev Kumar]] || [[Ranjit Bawa]], Akasa Singh ||2:16
|-
!colspan=7|Lollywood
|-
|2014
| ''[[Hotal]]'' || "Mombatti" || colspan="2"|Jasmine Sandlas || Solo || 4:44
|-
!colspan=7|Telugu
|-
|2017
|''[[Khaidi No. 150]]''
|"Ratthalu"
|colspan=2|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|[[Nakash Aziz]]
|4:21
|}

===[[Singles (music)]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Released !! Title !! Co-artist (s) !! Label !! Notes
!Ref
|-
| 2010 ||''"Famous In The Club"''|| Mix One Productions feat. Jasmine Sandlas & Rdikulus || The Diamond Lane Records || [[Collaboration]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 ||''"End Karade"''|| || [[Universal Music India]] || [[Singles (music)]]
|
|-
|''"Mombatti"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015 ||''"Punjab De Javak"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
|''"Machis"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
|''"Pyaar De Khamb"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2016 ||''"Tu"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
|''"Musafira"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
|''"O Laal Ni"''||[[Jasbir Jassi]] || [[Zee Music Company]] || [[Collaboration]]
|
|-
|''"Kashni - A Tribute"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
|''"Sara College"''|| || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
|''"Baddal"''|| Intense || Jasmine Sandlas Records || Single
|
|-
|''"Aaja Dance Floor Pe"''|| Ramji Gulati || Zee Music Company || [[Collaboration]]
|
|-
|''"The Joke"''
|
|Jasmine Sandlas Records
|Single
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2017
|''"Laddu"''
|[[Garry Sandhu]]
|Fresh Media Records
|Single
|
|-
|''"Bamb Jatt"''
| [[Amrit Maan]]
|White Hill Music
|Collaboration
|
|-
|''"Party Nonstop"''
|[[Dr Zeus|Dr. Zeus]] & IKKA
|EMI Records India
|Collaboration
|
|-
|''"Punjabi Mutiyaran"''
|
|Yellow Music
|Single
|
|-
|''"Salaam-e-Ishq"''
|[[Arko Pravo Mukherjee|Arko]]
|Saregama Music
|Collaboration
|
|-
|''"Vachari"''
|Intense
|T-Series
|Singles
|
|-
|''"LV Di Jean"''
|
|Speed Records
|Single
|
|-
|''"Botal Khol (The Baller's Anthem)"''
|[[Knox Artiste]] & Mafia
|T-Series
|Collaboration
|
|-
|''"Illegal Weapon"''
|Garry Sandhu
|Fresh Media records
|Collaboration
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
|''"Veera"''
|Sumit Sethi
|T-Series
|Single
|
|-
|''"SIP SIP"''
|Intense & Garry Sandhu
|Fresh Media Records
|Single
|
|-
|''"Patt Lai Geya"''
|Ranbir Grewal & Seji Dhillon
|Jasmine Sandlas Records
|Single
|
|-
|2019
|''"Mithi Mithi"''
|Intense
|Crown Records
|with [[Amrit Maan]]
|{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
|-
|2019
|"Chunni Black"
|Ranbir Grewal
|Jasmine Sandlas Records
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|"Guglu Muglu"
|
| rowspan="11" |Jasmine Sandlas Records
|Single
|
|-
|Punjab De Javak
| rowspan="2" |Sharan Shergill
|Single
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2021
|Gaana Challe Ya Na
|Single
|
|-
|Mago
|Sharan Shergill & Lil Daku
|
|
|-
|Royi Na
| rowspan="4" |Raaginder
|
|
|-
|Thug Life
|Explicit
|
|-
|36 Mere Wargiya
|Explicit
|
|-
|Uth Na Khade
|
|
|-
|Cali Di Babe
| rowspan="3" |Jashan Dhillon
|
|
|-
|Mood Sarkar Da
|
|
|-
|Dil Tutteya
|
|
|-
| rowspan=“2” |2022
|Bamb Aagya
|[[Gur Sidhu]]
|Brown Town Music
|collaboration with [[Gur Sidhu]]
|
|-
|2022
|Jee Jeha Karda
|Seji Dhillon (music)
|Jasmine Sandlas Records
|
|-
|2023
|Jehri Ve
|Gippy Grewal
|Gems tunes
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|Ittar
|B praak (music) Jaani (lyrics)
|
|-
|Routine
|[[Gur Sidhu]]
|Brown Town Music
|Collaboration with [[Gur Sidhu]]
|}

===[[Studio albums]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Title !! Album details !! Music Director
|-
|| 1 || The Diamond || . Released: 25 March 2010
. Label: The Diamond Lane Records

. Formats: [[CD]], [[Music download|digital download]]
|| Mixman Shawn
|-
|| 2 || Gulabi || . Released: 29 October 2012
. Label: [[Sony Music India]]

. Formats: [[CD]], [[Music download|digital download]]
|| [[Bohemia (musician)]]
|-
|| 3 || What's In A Name || . Released: 4 June 2020
. Label: Jasmine Sandlas Records

. Formats: [[CD]], [[Music download|digital download]]
|| Intense, Hark
|-
|| 4 || Tini (EP) || . Released: 4 September 2022
. Label: Jasmine Sandlas Records

Formats: [[CD]], [[Music download|digital download]]
|| Jashan Dhillon, Krn Walia, Raaginder
|}

===Collaboration albums===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Title !! Album details !! Album by
|-
|| 1 || [[Thousand Thoughts]] || . Released: 4 September 2012
. Label: [[Sony Music India]]

. Formats: [[CD]], [[Music download|digital download]]
|| [[Bohemia (musician)]]
|-
|| 2 || 124 || . Released: 13 August 2016
. Label: Intense Music Group

. Formats: [[Music download|digital download]]
|| Intense
|-

|| 1 || The Diamond || . Released: 4 September 2012
. Label: [[Sony Music India]]

. Formats: [[CD]]
|| 7. "This Song" || Mixman Shawn
|-
|| 3 || Desi Revolution Vol. 1 || . Released: 13 December 2011
. Label: DHH

. Formats: [[CD]]
|| 3. "Na Suno" || feat. Bohemia
|-
|| 4 || Ultimate Desi Hiphop Party || Released: 30 October 2014
. Label: [[Sony Music India]]

. Formats: [[CD]], [[Music download|Digital download]]
|| 8. "Adhi Raati" || feat. Bohemia
|-
|}

===[[Coke Studio (India)]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Co-artist(s) !! Music !! Episode !! Season !! Released
|-
| "Sawan Mein" || [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]] || [[Sachin–Jigar]] || 2 || 4 || 12 April 2015
|}

===[[MTV]] [[Spoken word|Spoken Word]]===
{| class="wikitable"
! Title !! Co-artist(s) !! Music !! Year
|-
| "Pinjra" || [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] || [[Dr Zeus]] || 2015
|}

== Television ==
'''MTV INDIA "Angels Of Rock"'''
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Episode
!Season
!Notes
|-
|"Agar Tu"
|2
|1
|"Rudi No Radio"
|-
|"Jaagde Ke Sutte"
|8
|1
|"Ludhiana Cares"
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Nominated work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| [[7th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year|Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year]]
| "Yaar Naa Miley" from ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi2014/nominations/|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Awards 2014|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=2018-04-15}}</ref>
|-
| [[Brit Asia TV Music Awards]] 2018
| Best Female Act
| {{n/a}}
| {{won}}
| <ref name=BAMA2018>{{cite news |last1=Anusha |first1=Nava |title=BritAsia TV Music Awards 2018 Winners |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/britasia-tv-music-awards-2018-winners |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=www.desiblitz.com |date=11 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Brit Asia TV Music Awards]] 2019
| Best International Female Act
| {{n/a}}
| {{won}}
| <ref name=BAMA2019>{{cite news |last1=Dhiren |first1=Manga |title=BritAsia TV Music Awards 2019 Winners |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/britasia-tv-music-awards-2019-winners |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=www.desiblitz.com |date=7 December 2019}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian playback singers]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
# {{facebook|JasmineSandlasMusic}}
# {{Instagram|jasminesandlas}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandlas, Jasmine}}
[[Category:American women singers]]
[[Category:Bollywood playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singers from California]]
[[Category:People from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:American musicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American women musicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American women songwriters]]
[[Category:Songwriters from California]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Singers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Folk-pop singers]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]
[[Category:1988 births]]

Jasminder Singh

2023-10-03T15:42:26Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|British billionaire businessman (born 1951)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jasminder Singh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951|04}}
| birth_place = [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanganyika (now Tanzania)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = British
| education =
| occupation = Businessman
| title = Chairman and CEO, [[Edwardian Hotels]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| known for = Founder, Edwardian Hotels
| boards =
| spouse = Amrit Singh
| children = 4
| website =
}}

'''Jasminder Singh''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|OBE}} (born April 1951) is a British [[billionaire]] businessman.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Jasminder Singh|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jasminder-singh/|website=Forbes|accessdate=26 January 2017}}</ref>

According to the ''[[Sunday Times Rich List]]'' List in 2019, Singh is worth £1.1 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sunday-times-rich-list-2019-profiles-101-148-alan-sugar-dx9qlpwcp|title=Rich List 2019: profiles 101-148=, featuring Alan Sugar|last=Times|first=The Sunday|date=2019-05-12|access-date=2019-07-26|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

==Early life==
Jasminder Singh was born in April 1951,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/f3XYM2GPWmMUX4aSf7lB4H49Pk8/appointments |title=Jasminder SINGH - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House) |website=Beta.companieshouse.gov.uk |accessdate=27 January 2017}}</ref> in [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanganyika (now Tanzania) in an [[Indians in Tanzania|Indian family]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Kuznetsov | first=Y. | title=Diaspora Networks and the International Migration of Skills: How Countries Can Draw on Their Talent Abroad | publisher=[[World Bank]] | series=WBI development studies | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-8213-6648-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVljf95z4AYC&pg=PA71 | access-date=24 September 2023 | page=71}}</ref><ref name="nriinternet1">{{cite web|url=http://nriinternet.com/NRIhotels/UK/Jasminder_Singh/index.htm |title=NRI, Jasminder Singh bought the prestigious Inter Continental May Fair London hotel |website=Nriinternet.com |date=23 February 2012 |accessdate=27 January 2017}}</ref> He is the son of Bal Mohinder Singh, and they moved to the UK from Kenya in 1973, and first ran a post office together.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tripathi |first=Shruti |url=http://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/londons-best/the-bollygarchs-meet-the-10-richest-indians-in-london/8102.article |title=The bollygarchs: meet the 10 richest Indians in London|website=LondonlovesBusiness.com |date=15 August 2014 |accessdate=27 January 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
Singh first worked as an accountant.<ref name="sundaytimeshighoctanerise">{{cite news|last1=McCall|first1=Alastair|last2=Watts|first2=Robert|title=High-octane rise of brothers' firm shows family value|work=The Sunday Times|date=7 May 2017|page=3}}</ref> He then began working in the hotel industry for his uncle.<ref name="sundaytimeshighoctanerise"/> Eventually, he was able to buy out his uncle.<ref name="sundaytimeshighoctanerise"/>

Through [[Edwardian Hotels]], of which he is the chairman and CEO, Singh owns or co-owns 12 luxury hotels in central London, under the Radisson Blu Edwardian brand, and the 404-room [[May Fair Hotel]].<ref name="Forbes" />

==Personal life==
Singh is married to Amrit Singh, an interior decorator, and they live in [[Tetworth Hall]],<ref name="Evening Standard">{{cite news |title=Court sets up in hotel for businessman's £50m legal fight with sons |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/court-sets-up-in-hotel-for-businessman-s-ps50m-legal-fight-with-sons-8961979.html |access-date=3 April 2022 |work=Evening Standard |date=25 November 2013}}</ref> a large country house near [[Ascot, Berkshire|Ascot]], and London.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name="nriinternet1"/>

In November 2013, Jasminder's father 86-year-old Bal Mohinder Singh was taking legal action against his sons Jasminder, 62, and Herinder, 46, for about £50 million of Jasminder's reported wealth of £400 million.<ref name="Evening Standard"/><ref name="Independent">{{cite news |last1=Farmer |first1=Brian |title=High Court moves to hotel room as frail father sues sons |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/high-court-moves-to-hotel-room-as-frail-father-sues-sons-8963316.html |access-date=3 April 2022 |work=The Independent |date=26 November 2013}}</ref> All three families had lived together at Tetworth Hall, until Herinder fell out with Jasminder and left.<ref name="Independent"/> Due to the father's frail health, the hearing in November 2013 was taking place at the May Fair Hotel, rather than a normal courtroom.<ref name="Independent"/> In April 2014, Judge William Blackburne dismissed the claim which he said had been entered "in all good faith".<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news |last1=Sonwalkar |first1=Prasun |title=UK Sikh loses 'tragic' case against millionaire sons |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/uk-sikh-loses-tragic-case-against-millionaire-sons/story-Sgtip2xxdejHRaL1IgkoaK.html |access-date=3 April 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 April 2014}}</ref>

His son Inderneel Singh, is managing director, of London's [[May Fair Hotel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asian-voice.com/Opinion/Columnists/Keith-Vaz/Inderneel-Singh,-Managing-Director,-May-Fair-Hotel,-London|title=Inderneel Singh, Managing Director, May Fair Hotel, London|website=Asian-voice.com|accessdate=27 January 2017}}</ref>

==Honours==
In 2007, Singh was appointed Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) for services to the hotel industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edwardian.com/ourstory/leadership-en.html |title=Jasminder Singh | Edwardian Hotels London | Our Story |website=Edwardian.com |accessdate=27 January 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jasminder}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:British billionaires]]
[[Category:British hoteliers]]
[[Category:People from Dar es Salaam]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) donors]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from London]]
[[Category:Tanzanian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Tanzanian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Tanzanian people of Punjabi descent]]

{{England-business-bio-stub}}
{{London-stub}}

Jarnail Singh (referee)

2023-10-03T15:42:15Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|English football referee (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox football official
| name = Jarnail Singh
| image = Jarnail Singh.jpg
| caption = Jarnail Singh
| fullname = Jarnail Singh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1962|02|05}}
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| otheroccupation = [[Metropolitan Police]]
| years1 = ? –2004
| league1 = [[Conference South]]
| role1 = [[Referee (association football)|Referee]]
| years2 = 1999–2004
| league2 = [[The Football League|Football League]]
| role2 = [[Assistant referee (association football)|Asst. referee]]
| years3 = 2004–2010
| league3 = [[The Football League|Football League]]
| role3 = [[Referee (association football)|Referee]]
}}
'''Jarnail Singh''' (born 5 February 1962,<ref name="flprofile">[http://www.football-league.premiumtv.co.uk/page/RefereeProfilesDetail/0,,10794~628215,00.html Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417072957/http://www.football-league.premiumtv.co.uk/page/RefereeProfilesDetail/0%2C%2C10794~628215%2C00.html |date=17 April 2008 }}: [[The Football League]] official website. Retrieved on 24 March 2008</ref> in [[India]])<ref name="flinterview">[http://www.football-league.premiumtv.co.uk/page/Interviews/0,,10794~701925,00.html Other biographical detail]: from an interview at the Football League official website. Retrieved on 24 March 2008</ref> is a retired [[England|English]] [[association football]] [[Referee (association football)|referee]] of [[India]]n descent who officiated in [[the Football League]]. He moved to [[Wolverhampton]], [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], at a young age, and now lives in [[Hounslow]], [[Greater London]].<ref>[http://www.soccerfactsuk.co.uk/reffixtures.php?refid=102 Place of residence confirmation] ([[Hounslow]]): ''SoccerFactsUK.co.uk'' website. Retrieved on 24 March 2008</ref> He has a full-time occupation in the [[Metropolitan Police]] in [[London]].<ref name="flinterview" /> Singh is also an ambassador for the [[Football Association]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.asianfootballnetwork.org.uk/case-studies/case-study.php?s=refereeing-jarnail-singh&cat=asian-football-coaches-referees | title=Case Studies - Jarnail Singh | publisher=asianfootballnetwork.ork.uk | accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> He was the first [[Sikh]] to be an English Football referee.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Sikhs-in-other-sports-countries-never-told-to-remove-turbans/articleshow/38939493.cms | title=Sikhs in other sports & countries never told to remove turbans | work=The Times of India| accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref>

==Career==
Singh took up refereeing in 1985,<ref name="flprofile" /> after taking his exam in order to improve his frequent outings as [[Official (sports)#Football (association)|club linesman]] for the youth team he managed.<ref name="flinterview" /> He progressed through lower leagues in the [[Wolverhampton]] area and then into the [[Conference South]] regionally,<ref>[http://www.soccerbase.com/refs2.sd?refid=810&seasonid=133 Conference South referee], until 2004 season: [[soccerbase]].com website. Retrieved on 24 March 2008.</ref> before being appointed as a [[The Football League|Football League]] [[Assistant referee (association football)|assistant referee]] in 1999. Whilst still a Conference referee, he was put in charge of an [[FA Vase]] [[semi-final]] first leg tie, between [[Oadby Town F.C.|Oadby Town]] and [[Brigg Town F.C.|Brigg Town]] on 22 March 2003,<ref>[http://www.soccerbase.com/results3.sd?gameid=385317 FA Vase semi-final first leg], 2003: soccerbase.com website. Retrieved on 24 March 2008.</ref> and, shortly before his elevation to Football League referee for the [[2004–05 in English football|2004–05]] season,<ref name="flprofile" /> he was appointed to the middle for the [[Conference National#Past Conference winners|Football Conference Playoff]] semi-final first leg between [[Aldershot Town F.C.|Aldershot Town]] and [[Hereford United F.C.|Hereford United]] on 29 April 2004.<ref>[http://www.soccerbase.com/results3.sd?gameid=421701 Football Conference Playoff semi-final first leg], 2004: soccerbase.com website. Retrieved on 24 March 2008.</ref>

His first match after his promotion was the [[Football League Two]] encounter between [[Bristol Rovers F.C.|Bristol Rovers]] and [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] at the [[Memorial Stadium (Bristol)|Memorial Stadium]] on 10 August 2004, in which he [[Misconduct (football)#Sending-off offences (red card)|sent off]] [[Colin Woodthorpe]] of Bury in the 65th minute.<ref>[http://www.soccerbase.com/results3.sd?gameid=427811 First ever Football League match as referee], Bristol Rovers v. Bury, 2004: soccerbase.com website. Retrieved on 24 March 2008.</ref>

His final match before retirement was on 1 May 2010, refereeing a [[Football League One|League One]] game between [[Yeovil Town F.C.|Yeovil Town]] versus [[Oldham Athletic F.C.|Oldham Athletic]] at [[Huish Park]] in [[Yeovil]]. Before the match he was unusually signing autographs and having photos taken with fans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yeovilexpress.co.uk/sport/8133322.Yeovil_Town_thank_referee_Jarnail_Singh/ |title=Yeovil Town thank referee Jarnail Singh |publisher=Yeovil Express |date=3 May 2010 |accessdate=9 December 2017 }}</ref>

He has refereed at international level taking charge of a friendly game between [[China national football team|China]] and [[United Arab Emirates national football team|UAE]] in October 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldfootball.net/referee_summary/jarnail-singh/3/1/freundschaft-2011/ | title=Jarnail Singh | publisher=worldfootball.net | accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref>

As a role model, [[The Football Association|The FA]] acknowledged the importance of his visibility.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmcumeds/89/89we03.htm |title=Culture, Media and Sport Committee - Racism in Football. Written evidence submitted by The Football Association (The FA) |website=publications.parliament.uk |accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref> In 2012, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the first Asian Football Awards supported by the Football Association and the anti-discrimination organisation, [[Kick It Out (organisation)|Kick It Out]].<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.thefa.com/news/governance/equality/2012/aug/asian-football-awards-2012 | title=Asian stars rewarded at Wembley | publisher=[[The Football Association]] |date=5 August 2012 |accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Singh is employed by the Metropolitan Police as a [[Police Community Support Officer]] in London, and is married with two children, Sunny and Bhupsy Gill, who are now also qualified referees.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.refworld.com/referee/167/1 |title=refworld.com |access-date=2 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529032249/http://www.refworld.com/referee/167/1 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 13 August 2022, Sunny become the first British South Asian to referee an EFL fixture, since his father, for over a decade.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/august/sunny-singh-gill-to-become-first-south-asian-to-referee-an-efl-fixture-in-over-a-decade/ |title=Sunny Singh Gill to become first British South Asian to referee an EFL fixture in over a decade |publisher=EFL |date=11 August 2022 |accessdate=14 August 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Soccerbase referee|810}}
*{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529032249/http://www.refworld.com/referee/167/1 |date=29 May 2010 |title=National Group Profile - Jarnail Singh at refworld.com}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jarnail}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:English football referees]]
[[Category:People from Hounslow]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from the London Borough of Hounslow]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Wolverhampton]]
[[Category:British people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British police officers]]
[[Category:British sportspeople of Indian descent]]

Jagvir Singh

2023-10-03T15:41:56Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Danish footballer (born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Jagvir Singh
|image = Jagvir Singh (2021).jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Singh in 2021
|fullname = Jagvir Singh Sidhu<ref name="3point-profile">{{cite web |title=Jagvir Singh Sidhu spillerprofil |url=https://3point.dk/stats/1920/spiller/jagvir-singh-sidhu |website=3point.dk |publisher=3point |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304094649/https://3point.dk/stats/2021/spiller/jagvir-singh-sidhu |archive-date=4 March 2021 |accessdate=11 August 2020}}</ref>
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|1|4|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Greve Strand]], Denmark
|height =
|position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]]
|currentclub = [[Aarhus Fremad]] (on loan from [[FC Fredericia|Fredericia]])
|clubnumber = 23
|youthyears1 = 2005–2015
|youthclubs1 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]]
|youthyears2 = 2015–2016
|youthclubs2 = [[Lyngby Boldklub|Lyngby]]
|youthyears3 = 2016–2019
|youthclubs3 = [[Hellerup IK|HIK]]
|youthyears4 = 2019–2021
|youthclubs4 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]]
|years1 = 2019
|clubs1 = [[Hellerup IK|HIK]]
|caps1 = 4
|goals1 = 0
|years2 = 2020–2022
|clubs2 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]]
|caps2 = 4
|goals2 = 0
|years3 = 2022–
|clubs3 = [[FC Fredericia|Fredericia]]
|caps3 = 11
|goals3 = 1
|years4 = 2023–
|clubs4 = → [[Aarhus Fremad]] (loan)
|caps4 = 8
|goals4 = 2
|club-update = 29 September 2023
}}
'''Jagvir Singh Sidhu''' (born 4 January 2001) is a Danish professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[winger (association football)|winger]] for [[Aarhus Fremad]], on loan from [[Danish 1st Division]] club [[FC Fredericia|Fredericia]].

==Career==
===Early career===
Born in [[Greve Strand]], Singh began playing football at an early age in the youth academy of [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]], a club his parents supported.<ref name="3point-interview">{{cite web |title=JAGVIR SINGH: OM SENIORFODBOLD, INDIVIDUELLE KVALITETER OG FØRSTEHOLDET I BRØNDBY |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvmAyjxJs94&ab_channel=3point.dk |website=3point.dk |language=da |date=23 July 2021}}</ref> At U15-level, he joined [[Lyngby Boldklub]], where he played for a year before moving to the youth department of [[Hellerup IK|HIK]].<ref name="3point-interview" />

Singh made his senior debut on 3 August 2019 in a third-tier [[Danish 2nd Division|2nd Division]] match against [[Boldklubben Avarta|Avarta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=HIK - Avarta // |url=https://www.dbu.dk/resultater/kamp/454808_306563/kampinfo |website=dbu.dk |publisher=Danish Football Association |accessdate=11 August 2020}}</ref> He made five total appearances for the club, including one in the [[Danish Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jægersborg - HIK |url=https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/kamp/jaegersborg-vs-hik/29424891/ |website=bold.dk |accessdate=11 August 2020 |date=6 August 2019}}</ref>

===Brøndby===
On 1 September 2019, Singh moved to the [[Brøndby IF]] academy,<ref>{{cite web |title=Jagvir Singh Sidhu skifter til Brøndby |url=https://hik.dk/news-posts/jagvir/ |website=hik.dk |publisher=Hellerup Idræts Klub |accessdate=11 August 2020 |date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506192055/https://hik.dk/news-posts/jagvir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> where he was including in their U19 team.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ny spiller til Brøndby Masterclass U19 |url=https://brondby.com/nyhed/2019/09/01/ny-spiller-til-broendby-masterclass-u19 |website=Brondby.com |publisher=[[Brøndby IF]] |accessdate=11 August 2020 |date=1 September 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808122222/https://brondby.com/nyhed/2019/09/01/ny-spiller-til-broendby-masterclass-u19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singh was included in the newly established U20 team in May 2020, which was announced by [[director of football]] [[Carsten V. Jensen]]. He received a one-year contract extension as part of the new team, alongside fellow under-19 graduates [[Jacob Rasmussen (footballer, born 2001)|Jacob Rasmussen]], [[Emil Staugaard]] and [[Andreas Pyndt]].<ref>{{cite web |title=U20-kontrakter til fire spillere |url=https://brondby.com/nyhed/2020/05/19/u20-kontrakter-til-fire-spillere |website=brondby.com |publisher=[[Brøndby IF]] |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=19 May 2020}}</ref>

On 20 December 2020, Singh first appeared in Brøndby's first-team matchday squad in their [[Danish Superliga|Superliga]] tie against [[AC Horsens|Horsens]], remaining as an unused substitute in the 2–1 victory<ref>{{cite news |last1=Møller Karlsen |first1=Nanna |title=Trupnyt: Jagvir Singh kan debutere mod AC Horsens |url=https://3point.dk/nyheder/trupnyt-jagvir-singh-kan-debutere-mod-ac-horsens |access-date=20 December 2020 |work=3point.dk |date=20 December 2020 |language=Danish}}</ref> He would mostly appear in the U19 league that season, making 15 appearances in which he scored 12 goals.<ref name="3point-profile" />

Singh made his professional debut on 25 July 2021, coming on as a substitute in the 83rd minute of a 1–1 draw in the [[Danish Superliga]] against [[Viborg FF]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brøndby vs. Viborg – 25 July 2021 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/07/25/denmark/superliga/brondby-if/viborg-ff/3510678/ |website=int.soccerway.com |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Karlsen |first1=Nanna Møller |title=Singh debuterede: Det er virkelig stort {{!}} 3point.dk |url=https://3point.dk/nyheder/singh-debuterede-det-er-virkelig-stort |work=3point.dk |date=25 July 2021 |language=da}}</ref> He scored his first senior goal on 23 September, in an 8–1 away win over [[Allerød FK]] in the [[Danish Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Allerød vs. Brøndby – 23 September 2021 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/23/denmark/dbu-pokalen/allerod-fk/brondby-if/3646514/ |website=int.soccerway.com |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref> Singh made his European debut on 9 December in the [[UEFA Europa League]] group stage match against [[AC Sparta Prague|Sparta Prague]], coming on as a 72nd-minute substitute for [[Simon Hedlund]] in a 2–0 loss away at [[Stadion Letná]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sparta Prague vs. Brøndby – 9 December 2021 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/12/09/europe/uefa-cup/ac-sparta-praha/brondby-if/3633580/ |website=int.soccerway.com |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SLUT: Sparta Prag - Brøndby minut for minut |url=https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/live-flere-store-chancer-til-broendby/ |work=bold.dk |date=9 December 2021 |language=da |quote=Brøndby IF foretager deres fjerde udskiftning. Jagvir Singh går ind i stedet for Simon Hedlund, der ikke spillede sin bedste kamp i aften.}}</ref>

===Fredericia===
Singh signed a three-year deal with [[FC Fredericia|Fredericia]] for an undisclosed fee.<ref>{{cite web |title=FC Fredericia henter spiller i Brøndby IF {{!}} FC Fredericia |url=https://fcfredericia.dk/fc-fredericia-henter-spiller-i-broendby-if/ |website=FC Fredericia |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113152038/https://fcfredericia.dk/fc-fredericia-henter-spiller-i-broendby-if/ |archive-date=13 November 2022 |language=da-DK |date=7 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Farvel til Jagvir Singh |url=https://brondby.com/nyheder/herrer/2022/juli/farvel-til-jagvir-singh |website=Brøndby IF |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711071931/https://brondby.com/nyheder/herrer/2022/juli/farvel-til-jagvir-singh |archive-date=11 July 2022 |language=da |date=7 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut for Fredericia in a 2–2 away draw against [[Nykøbing FC]] on the first matchday of the [[2022–23 Danish 1st Division|2022–23 season]], coming on in the 64th minute in place of [[Adam Jakobsen]].<ref name="frdb1">{{cite news |last1=Banke |first1=Jesper |title=Han kan blive FC Fredericias offensive es, men har ikke været på banen siden premieren: Derfor har Jagvir Singh ikke spillet i to kampe |url=https://frdb.dk/artikel/han-kan-blive-fc-fredericias-offensive-es-men-har-ikke-v%C3%A6ret-p%C3%A5-banen-siden-premieren-derfor-har-jagvir-singh-ikke-spillet-i-to-kampe?rss |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=Fredericia Dagblad |date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808192033/https://frdb.dk/artikel/han-kan-blive-fc-fredericias-offensive-es-men-har-ikke-v%C3%A6ret-p%C3%A5-banen-siden-premieren-derfor-har-jagvir-singh-ikke-spillet-i-to-kampe?rss |archive-date=8 August 2022 |language=da}}</ref> He twisted his ankle in practice a few days later and missed the next three games.<ref name="frdb1" /> He returned in action on 17 August, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–1 loss to newly promoted [[Hillerød Fodbold]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Viborg |first1=Patrick |title=FC Fredericia brændte straffespark i stor nedtur |url=https://fredericiaavisen.dk/fc-fredericia-braendte-straffespark-i-stor-nedtur/ |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=Fredericia Avisen |date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830184357/https://fredericiaavisen.dk/fc-fredericia-braendte-straffespark-i-stor-nedtur/ |archive-date=30 August 2022 |language=da-DK}}</ref> On 26 August, Singh scored his first Fredericia goal, curling in a shot in the far corner to secure a 3–3 away draw against [[Fremad Amager]] at [[Sundby Idrætspark]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jensen |first1=Mathias Bybjerg |title=Fremad A. og Fredericia delte i målrig affære |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/stillinger/1-division/nyheder/fremad-a-og-fredericia-delte-i-maalrig-affaere/ |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=bold.dk |date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826182858/https://bold.dk/fodbold/stillinger/1-division/nyheder/fremad-a-og-fredericia-delte-i-maalrig-affaere |archive-date=26 August 2022 |language=da}}</ref>

On 19 July 2023, Singh was loaned out to [[Danish 2nd Division]] club [[Aarhus Fremad]] for the 2023–24 season.<ref>{{cite press release |title=FC Fredericia udlejer Jagvir Singh |url=https://fcfredericia.dk/nyheder/2023/fc-fredericia-udlejer-jagvir-sing/ |website=FC Fredericia |access-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719162057/https://fcfredericia.dk/nyheder/2023/fc-fredericia-udlejer-jagvir-sing/ |archive-date=19 July 2023 |language=da-DK |date=19 July 2023}}</ref> He scored his first goal for the club in the second game of the season, on 12 August 2023 in a 3–1 win over [[FC Roskilde|Roskilde]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Cillian |title=Skive åbnede pointkontoen med sejr dybt inde i overtid |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/skive-abnede-pointkontoen-med-sejr-dybt-inde-i-overtid |access-date=12 August 2023 |work=bold.dk |date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812205015/https://bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/skive-abnede-pointkontoen-med-sejr-dybt-inde-i-overtid |archive-date=12 August 2023 |language=da}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
{{updated|match played 12 August 2023}}<ref name="SW">{{cite web |title=J. Singh: Summary |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/jagvir-singh-sidhu/686001/ |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|[[Danish Cup]]
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Hellerup IK|HIK]]
|[[2018–19 Danish 2nd Division|2018–19]]
|[[Danish 2nd Division|2nd Division]]
|8||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||8||0
|-
|[[2019–20 Danish 2nd Division|2019–20]]
|2nd Division
|4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!12!!0!!1!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!13!!0
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]]
|[[2020–21 Brøndby IF season|2020–21]]
|[[Danish Superliga|Superliga]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[2021–22 Brøndby IF season|2021–22]]
|Superliga
|4||0||2||2||1{{efn|name=UEL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||0||0||0||7||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!4!!0!!2!!2!!1!!0!!0!!0!!7!!2
|-
|[[FC Fredericia|Fredericia]]
|[[2022–23 Danish 1st Division|2022–23]]
|[[Danish 1st Division|1st Division]]
|11||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||1
|-
|[[Aarhus Fremad]] (loan)
|[[2023–24 Danish 2nd Division|2023–24]]
|2nd Division
|2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||1
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!29!!2!!4!!2!!1!!0!!0!!0!!34!!1
|}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh Sidhu, Jagvir}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Danish people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Danish men's footballers]]
[[Category:Brøndby IF players]]
[[Category:Lyngby Boldklub players]]
[[Category:Hellerup IK players]]
[[Category:FC Fredericia players]]
[[Category:Aarhus Fremad players]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Danish 2nd Division players]]
[[Category:Danish 1st Division players]]
[[Category:Danish Superliga players]]
[[Category:People from Greve Municipality]]
[[Category:Footballers from Region Zealand]]

Ish Sodhi

2023-10-03T15:41:45Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|New Zealand cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Ish Sodhi
| image = 2018.02.03.20.52.20-AUSvNZL T20 NZL innings, SCG (38618201470) (Sodhi cropped).jpg
| caption = Sodhi in 2018
| country = New Zealand
| fullname = Inderbir Singh Sodhi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|10|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| nickname = Ice Ice Sodhi
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2013–present

| testdebutdate = 9 October
| testdebutyear = 2013
| testdebutagainst = Bangladesh
| testcap = 262
| lasttestdate = 02 January
| lasttestyear = 2023
| lasttestagainst = Pakistan

| odidebutdate = 2 August
| odidebutyear = 2015
| odidebutagainst = Zimbabwe
| odicap = 187
| lastodidate = 31 March
| lastodiyear = 2023
| lastodiagainst = Sri Lanka
| odishirt = 61

| T20Idebutdate = 5 July
| T20Idebutyear = 2014
| T20Idebutagainst = West Indies
| T20Icap = 64
| lastT20Idate = 5 September
| lastT20Iyear = 2023
| lastT20Iagainst = England
| T20Ishirt = 61

| club1 = [[Northern Districts men's cricket team|Northern Districts]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2012/13–present}}
| club2 = [[Adelaide Strikers]]
| year2 = 2016/17
| club3 = [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]]
| year3 = 2017–2018
| club4 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year4 = 2018–2019
| club5 = [[Jamaica Tallawahs]]
| year5 = 2018
| club6 = [[St Kitts and Nevis Patriots]]
| year6 = 2020
| club7 = [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]
| year7 = 2021
| club8 = [[Welsh Fire]]
| year8 = 2022
| club9 = [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]]
| year9 = 2023

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 19
| runs1 = 524
| bat avg1 = 22.78
| 100s/50s1 = 0/4
| top score1 = 65*
| deliveries1 = 3,803
| wickets1 = 54
| bowl avg1 = 42.94
| fivefor1 = 1
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 6/86
| catches/stumpings1 = 11/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 49
| runs2 = 201
| bat avg2 = 10.05
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 35
| deliveries2 = 2,383
| wickets2 = 61
| bowl avg2 = 35.60
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 6/39
| catches/stumpings2 = 11/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches3 = 100
| runs3 = 155
| bat avg3 = 9.11
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 19
| deliveries3 = 2,071
| wickets3 = 121
| bowl avg3 = 22.87
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/28
| catches/stumpings3 = 31/–
| column4 = [[First class cricket|FC]]
| matches4 = 93
| runs4 = 2,587
| bat avg4 = 21.92
| 100s/50s4 = 0/13
| top score4 = 82[[not out|*]]
| deliveries4 = 17,177
| wickets4 = 303
| bowl avg4 = 33.05
| fivefor4 = 17
| tenfor4 = 2
| best bowling4 = 7/30
| catches/stumpings4 = 38/–
| date = 1 September 2023
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/ish-sodhi-559066 ESPNCricinfo
}}
'''Inderbir Singh '''"'''Ish'''"''' Sodhi''' (born 31 October 1992) is a New Zealand [[cricket]]er born in [[Punjab, India]] who represents the [[New Zealand national cricket team]] in all formats, and [[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]] in domestic cricket.<ref>{{cite web|title=Players / New Zealand / Ish Sodhi|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/559066.html|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=11 October 2013}}</ref> He [[Bowling (cricket)|bowls]] right-arm [[leg spin]], and bats right-handed. He reached the no.1 ranking for T20I bowlers in January 2018, jumping from no.10 at the end of the previous year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/587573|title=Munro and Sodhi on top of the world|access-date=2018-01-04|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sodhi is an ethnic [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] and was born in [[Ludhiana]], India to a [[Sikh]] family.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indianweekender.co.nz/Pages/ArticleDetails/7/11176/New-Zealand/Blackcap-spinner-Ish-Sodhi-ties-knot-in-Auckland | title=Blackcap spinner Ish Sodhi ties knot in Auckland! }}</ref> His grandparents hail from [[Lahore]] in Pakistan [[Partition of India|pre-partition]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cricketpakistan.com.pk/en/news/detail/to-be-here-is-special-sodhi-reveals-family-connection-with-lahore | title=To be here is special': Sodhi reveals family connection with Lahore|access-date=2023-05-08}}</ref> He moved to [[Papatoetoe]], New Zealand with his family when he was four years old. He attended [[Papatoetoe High School]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Mark Geenty|title=New Black Cap Sodhi in a spin after rapid rise|date=2013-09-14|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/9163328/New-Black-Cap-Sodhi-in-a-spin-after-rapid-rise|access-date=2018-06-05}}</ref>

==Domestic and T20 career==
Sodhi made his debut for [[Northern Districts men's cricket team|Northern Districts]] in the [[2012–13 Plunket Shield season]].

In 2017, Sodhi was not named in the Test squad against Bangladesh, which enabled him to play for [[Adelaide Strikers]] as an injury replacement for [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]]. On 18 January, in his third game for the Strikers, he ended the match with figures of 6/11 off 3.3 overs to win the match for the Strikers and Man of the Match. These are the second-best figures in [[Big Bash League|Big Bash]] history after [[Lasith Malinga]]'s 6/7 from 4 overs between the [[Melbourne Stars]] and [[Perth Scorchers]].<ref>{{Citation|last=cricket.com.au|title=Sodhi takes six to sink Thunder|date=2017-01-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xD9XsAVkZpQ|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=MrCricket1760|title=Lasith Malinga 6/7 vs Perth Scorchers 12/12/12|date=2012-12-12|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOkctodgNr4|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref>

He was the leading wicket-taker in the [[2018–19 Plunket Shield season]], with 36 dismissals in seven matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=12656;type=tournament |title=Plunket Shield, 2018/19: Most wickets |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> He was released by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] ahead of the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28087425 |title=Where do the eight franchises stand before the 2020 auction? |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> In July 2020, he was named in the [[St Kitts & Nevis Patriots]] squad for the [[2020 Caribbean Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29417692/nabi,-lamichhane,-dunk-earn-big-cpl-2020-draft |title=Nabi, Lamichhane, Dunk earn big in CPL 2020 draft |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.windiescricket.com/news/teams-selected-hero-cpl-2020/ |title=Teams Selected for Hero CPL 2020 |work=Cricket West Indies |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>

==International career==
His international debut for New Zealand came in a [[Test cricket|Test match]] against [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] during New Zealand's [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2013–14|2013 tour of Bangladesh]]. He made his [[Twenty20 International]] debut [[New Zealand cricket team in the West Indies in 2014#1st T20I|against the West Indies]] in July 2014. In November 2014, Sodhi was selected for a three-test series against [[Pakistan cricket team]]. In the first Test, he scored 63, a personal best and the best score by a New Zealand number-ten batsman in Test cricket. Sodhi made his [[One Day International]] debut for New Zealand [[New Zealand cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2015|against Zimbabwe]] on 2 August 2015.<ref name="ODI">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/894287.html |title=New Zealand tour of Zimbabwe and South Africa, 1st ODI: Zimbabwe v New Zealand at Harare, Aug 2, 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>

In May 2018, he was one of the twenty players to be awarded a new contract for the 2018–19 season by [[New Zealand Cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23512513 |title=Todd Astle bags his first New Zealand contract |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> In April 2019, he was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#New Zealand|New Zealand's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26426227 |title=Sodhi and Blundell named in New Zealand World Cup squad |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1154328 |title=Uncapped Blundell named in New Zealand World Cup squad, Sodhi preferred to Astle |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> In August 2021, Sodhi was named in New Zealand's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/black-caps/126013220/black-caps-announce-twenty20-world-cup-squad-two-debutants-for-leadup-tours-with-stars-absent |title=Black Caps announce Twenty20 World Cup squad, two debutants for leadup tours with stars absent |work=Stuff |date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>

In December 2022, Sodhi was recalled in New Zealand's Test squad after 4 years, for their [[New Zealand cricket team in Pakistan in 2022–23 (December 2022)|tour to Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sodhi & Phillips return to Test squad, Tickner retained |url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/sodhi-phillips-return-to-test-squad-tickner-retained/ |access-date=15 December 2022 |work=New Zealand Cricket}}</ref> In the first Test, he picked up his maiden [[five-wicket haul]] in Test cricket,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sodhi's maiden fifer keeps NZ in the hunt |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125027/sodhis-maiden-fifer-keeps-nz-in-the-hunt-cricbuzzcom |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref> besides scoring his career best 65 runs in the first innings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PAK vs NZ: Ish Sodhi registers his career-best Test score |url=https://www.geosuper.tv/latest/21338-pak-vs-nz-ish-sodhi-registers-his-career-best-test-score |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Geo Super |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo|id=559066}}

{{Trent Rockets squad}}
{{New Zealand Squad 2019 Cricket World Cup}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sodhi, Ish}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:New Zealand sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:New Zealand cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Test cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Northern Districts cricketers]]
[[Category:North Island cricketers]]
[[Category:Adelaide Strikers cricketers]]
[[Category:Nottinghamshire cricketers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:Jamaica Tallawahs cricketers]]
[[Category:St Kitts and Nevis Patriots cricketers]]
[[Category:Worcestershire cricketers]]
[[Category:People educated at Papatoetoe High School]]
[[Category:Colombo Stars cricketers]]
[[Category:Welsh Fire cricketers]]
[[Category:Somerset cricketers]]
[[Category:Trent Rockets cricketers]]

Harvinder Sahota

2023-10-03T15:41:32Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Indian English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Indian American cardiologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{peacock|date=February 2017}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2017}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Harvinder Sahota
| image =
| alt =
| caption =Dr. Sahota in 2014
| birth_name = Iqbal
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|04|15}}
| birth_place = Basti Tankawali, [[Ferozepur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University, Chandigarh|University of Punjab]] [[M.B.B.S.]] (1965) [[University of Liverpool]] (1970) [[Cardiff University]] (1971) [[University of Rochester]] (1976)
| boards = Orange County Emergency Medicine Commission Metro Hospital Heart Institute Institute of Therapy, Tbilisi [[Claremont Lincoln University]]
| occupation = [[Cardiologist]], [[Surgeon]]
| years_active = 1976-present
| other_names = H Sahota, Harry Sahota, Harvy Sahota
| known_for = Perfusion Balloon Angioplasty
}}

'''Harvinder Sahota''' (born 15 April 1941) is an [[Indian American]] cardiologist.<ref name="newsindiawest">{{cite news|title=Dr Harvinder Sahota: The father of Perfusion Balloon in Angioplasty|url=http://newseastwest.com/dr-harvinder-sahota-the-father-of-perfusion-balloon-in-angioplasty/|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Claremont Lincoln University Launches Center for Sikh Studies|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/claremont-lincoln-university-launches-center-for-sikh-studies/article_8e19c136-f7b0-59ac-a737-2990f0aab96d.html|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=17 February 2013}}</ref> He is the inventor of the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] approved Perfusion Balloon Angioplasty known as "Sahota Perfusion Balloon".<ref name="indiatimess"/><ref name="indiawestangioplasty">{{cite news|title=American Heart Association Honors SoCal Physician|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/american-heart-association-honors-socal-physician/article_ab0f272b-3ceb-5e21-893b-7eeab9b17223.html|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=30 May 2012}}</ref>

Sahota holds two dozen patents for other medical inventions including Red Laser Light for prevention of Restenosis, Multi-Lobe Balloon, Fibrin coated Stent, Hemostat to stop bleeding from ruptured artery during the procedure.<ref name="sikhchic">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Khushwant |date=21 August 2008 |title=Dr Harvinder Singh Sahota: Mender of Hearts |url=http://www.sikhchic.com/columnists/dr_harvinder_singh_sahota_mender_of_hearts |accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dr. Harvinder Singh Sahota, icon cardiologist from Punjab|url=http://www.nriinternet.com/NRIdoctors/A_USA/A_Z/S/Dr.Harvinder_Sahota/cardiologist_from_Punjab.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=NRI News|date=10 January 2010}}</ref> He holds license to promote a drug-coated stent. He performed the first coronary Angioplasty in many hospitals around the world including India, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine and the United States.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Kul |date=19 March 2018 |title=An Affair of the Heart to Heal the Heart |url=http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/an-affair-of-the-heart-to-heal-the-heart/ |access-date=19 March 2018 |website=Mauritiustimes.Com}}</ref> He has served as the Vice Chairman and Chairman of Orange County Emergency Medicine Commission in California and Research Director and Advisory Board members of the Metro Hospital Heart Institute in New Delhi, India, and Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia.<ref name="indiatimess">{{cite news|last1=Duttagupta|first1=Ishani|title=Dil ka doctor|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2003-12-22/news/27530886_1_angioplasty-advisory-board-doctors-of-indian-origin|accessdate=10 June 2015|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 December 2003}}</ref> Currently, he serves on the Board of Directors of [[Claremont Lincoln University]].<ref name="claremontlincoln">{{cite web|title=Board of Directors - Claremont Lincoln University|url=https://www.claremontlincoln.org/about/board-of-directors/|accessdate=10 June 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405101840/http://www.claremontlincoln.org/about/board-of-directors/|archivedate=5 April 2015}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Sahota was born on 15 April 1941 to Lachman Singh and Dhan Kaur in Basti Tankawali, near [[Ferozepur]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India]].<ref name=sikhchic/> He was named Iqbal.<ref name=sikhchic/> Later at the age of five, his name was changed to Harvinder as a result of medical setback he suffered in which he was declared dead.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Gurmukh|title=A Hero of American Hearts|year=2004|publisher=Rupa & Co|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-291-0515-2|page=83|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041121/spectrum/book10.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref> Because he was revived by a physician, the event was considered a second birth requiring a new name.<ref name=sikhchic/>

Sahota attended high schools and colleges in India, majoring in medicine. After completing an [[M.B.B.S.]] from the University of Punjab in 1965, Harvinder did Internship in Punjab Medical College. In 1967, he went to [[England]] to do further residency and specialization in medicine. For further specialization he enrolled as a post graduate student at the [[University of Liverpool]] where he did his specialization in [[tropical medicine]] and [[pulmonary medicine|pulmonary]] in Cardiff and London Hammersmith Hospitals.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

==Career==
Sahota came to the [[United States]] in 1974. He did his fellowship in cardiology at the [[University of Rochester]] in [[New York (state)|New York]]. Then he went to Regina, [[Saskatchewan]], [[Canada]] to complete his chief residency. In 1977, he came to [[St. Vincent Medical Center (Los Angeles)|St Vincent's hospital]] in [[Los Angeles, California]] to do another fellowship in cardiology. After completing his second fellowship in cardiology at St. Vincent, he started his practice in cardiology in Los Angeles in 1978. He holds licenses to practice cardiology in California, [[New York (state)|New York]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[India]].{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In 1985, Sahota invented "Sahota Perfusion Balloon" which allows blood to flow to the heart muscle during inflation and prevents chest pain during the operation. After getting the US FDA approval in the 1980s the balloon is now used in angioplasty surgeries all over the world.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Gary|title=Dr.Harvinder Singh Sahota, cardiologist- invented "Sahota Perfusion Balloon" & holding 24 patents|url=http://www.nriinternet.com/NRIdoctors/A_USA/A_Z/S/Dr.Harvinder_Sahota/innovation.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015|date=19 January 2010}}</ref> Sahota went on to invent several others devices, some non-medical, including the one with his son Neil about Identity Theft, especially for credit cards.<ref name=sikhchic/> On 17 January 1990 Sahota performed the first coronary angioplasty in North India and nine more followed in the week that the team spent in Chandigarh.<ref name="newsindiawest"/><ref name="claremontlincoln"/>

After the perfusion balloon, Sahota invented Multi-lobe perfusion balloon that straightens the artery on inflation during operation preventing blockages to occur at the bend of the artery. As an inventor, he holds a total of 24 patents and many other medical inventions such as Red Laser Light for prevention of Restenosis, Fibrin coated Stent, Hemostat to stop bleeding from ruptured artery during the procedure.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In 2000, Sahota received the distinguished physician award presented by former Indian Prime Minister [[I. K. Gujral]] and was honored by the National Federation of Indian-American Associations in the United States.<ref name="indiatimess"/> In 2003, he was appointed commissioner of medicine for Orange County, California, by the Orange County board of supervisors. He has also received the excellence in medicine award from the Global Indian Congress of San Francisco.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In 2012, Sahota was honored by the [[American Heart Association]] for his cardiovascular science and medicine research and his significant contribution to interventional cardiology.<ref name="indiawestangioplasty"/><ref name="dailypilot"/> In the same year, he was also awarded the Golden Orange Award by the World Affairs Council of Orange County.<ref name="goldenorangeaward"/>

==Awards, honors and recognitions==
* American Heart Association Award (2012)<ref name="indiawestangioplasty"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cook|first1=B.W.|title=The Crowd: A heartfelt night at the BBC|url=http://articles.dailypilot.com/2012-05-16/entertainment/tn-dpt-0517-cook-20120516_1_quest-software-dinner-event-sponsors|accessdate=15 June 2015|publisher=[[Daily Pilot]]|date=16 May 2012}}</ref>
* World Affairs Council - Golden Orange Award (2012)<ref name="dailypilot">{{cite news|title=World Affairs Council Award for NRI Dr. SAHOTA|url=http://www.nriinternet.com/NRIdoctors/A_USA/A_Z/S/Dr.Harvinder_Sahota/2012/GOLDEN_ORANGE_AWARD.htm|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=NRIpress News Services|date=14 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="goldenorangeaward">{{cite news|title=Sahota Receives Golden Orange Award|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/sahota-receives-golden-orange-award/article_a633432c-7ca5-52c2-8448-593cfe0e7ec8.html|accessdate=10 June 2015|publisher=India-West|date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Crowd: World Affairs Council honors three longtime members|url=http://articles.dailypilot.com/2012-07-20/entertainment/tn-dpt-0721-cook-20120720_1_dream-guild-nuclear-threat-world-affairs-council|accessdate=15 June 2015|publisher=[[Daily Pilot]]|date=20 July 2012}}</ref>
* Global Indian Congress - Excellence in Medicine Award (2003)<ref name="indiatimess"/>
* Distinguished Physician Award - presented by I.K. Gujral, Prime minister of India (2000)<ref name="indiatimess"/><ref>{{cite web|title=DISTINGUISHED PHYSICIAN AWARDEES|url=http://www.imasc.org/past_events_and_awards.asp|website=Indian Medical Association of Southern California|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref>
* Plaque of Excellence in Medicine - National Federation of Indian American Association, Dallas (2000)<ref name="indiatimess"/>

==Publications==
* Harvy Sahota, et al., (2000) "Endoluminal Reconstruction of the Arterial Wall with Endothelial Cell/Glue Matrix Reduced Restenosis in an Atherosclerotic Rabbit," Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 36. No. 4.
* Harvy Sahota, et al., (2000), "Long-term Follow-up after Coronary Stenting and Intravascular Red Laser Therapy," American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 86 (9): 927–937.
* Vossoughi Jafar, (2000), "Stent Graph Update," Medical & Engineering Publisher Inc. ISN 1-903-636-00-8.

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Rashmee |date=2011 |title= Roshni: The Light of South Asia North America |url=https://www.amazon.com/Roshni-Light-South-North-America/dp/B007MOVP88|location=Singapore |publisher=Tien Wah Press|asin= B007MOVP88 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Kushwant |date=2007 |title= The Sikhs Unlimited |url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2221910.Sikhs_Unlimited |location=New Delhi |publisher= Rupa & Co |isbn=978-8129112071 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |date=2006 |title= California Dream |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ual5AAAAMAAJ|location=Canada |publisher=British Columbia Books |asin= B007HG6WBG |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |date=2004 |title= A Hero of American Hearts: Dr. Harvinder Sahota Pioneer in Angioplasty|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2767229-a-hero-of-american-hearts?from_search=true&search_version=service_impr |location=New Delhi |publisher= Rupa & Co |isbn=81-291-0515-2 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |date=2004 |title=The Rise of the Sikhs Abroad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tx91AAAAMAAJ |location=New Delhi |publisher= Rupa & Co |isbn=81-291-0068-1 |access-date= 5 June 2015}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahota, Harvinder}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:People from Firozpur district]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Bellflower, California]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Liverpool]]
[[Category:Alumni of Cardiff University]]
[[Category:University of Rochester alumni]]
[[Category:University of Saskatchewan alumni]]
[[Category:Indian cardiac surgeons]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:American cardiologists]]
[[Category:American health professionals of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American Sikhs]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century surgeons]]

Harry Bains

2023-10-03T15:41:19Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Canadian English}}

{{Short description|Canadian politician}}
{{for|the Canadian Pediatrician|Harry Bain}}
{{Use Canadian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =[[The Honourable]]
| name = Harry Bains
| honorific-suffix =[[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| image = Harry Bains.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date ={{Birth based on age as of date|61|2013|4|25}}<ref>http://www.surreyleader.com/news/204720711.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| residence =
| office = Minister of Labour of [[British Columbia]]
| term_start = July 18, 2017
| term_end =
| premier = [[John Horgan]] [[David Eby]]
| predecessor = [[Shirley Bond]]
| successor =
| assembly1 = British Columbia Legislative
| constituency_AM1 = [[Surrey-Newton]]
| term_start1 = May 17, 2005
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Tony Bhullar]]
| successor1 =
| party = [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|New Democrat]]
| religion =
| profession =
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Harry Bains''' is a Canadian politician serving as the Minister of Labour in [[British Columbia]]. He has been the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|NDP]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Surrey-Newton]] since 2005.

== Career ==
Bains has experience in education due to his service on the [[Kwantlen University College]] Board of Governors as board member and vice chair from 1993 and 1999. He has also volunteered with [[Habitat for Humanity]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

Bains was an elected officer of [[IWA Canada|Steelworkers-IWA Canada]] Local 2171 for over fifteen years. He has served most recently as full-time vice president of his local chapter, in which he led negotiations and helped in bargaining to improve workers wages and working conditions.<ref>[http://bcndpcaucus.ca/harry_bains/ About Harry Bains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627023237/http://www.bcndpcaucus.ca/harry_bains |date=2006-06-27 }} New Democrat Opposition</ref>

== Critic roles ==
Bains served as opposition critic for the 2010 winter Olympic Games,Transportation and Infrastructure, forestry. Bains also served as Jobs, Employment, Labour and Worksafe BC Critic in the NDP shadow cabinet.<ref>[http://harrybains.ca/about-the-mla/ About Harry Bains] Harrybains.ca</ref>

== Election results ==
{{British Columbia provincial election, 2020/Surrey-Newton}}
{{British Columbia provincial election, 2017/Surrey-Newton}}
{{British Columbia provincial election, 2013/Surrey-Newton}}
{{British Columbia provincial election, 2009/Surrey-Newton}}
{{British Columbia provincial election, 2005/Surrey-Newton}}

== Personal life ==
Bains and his wife Rajvinder live in Surrey with their two children. He is an advocate for workers' rights and equality.<ref>[http://www.leg.bc.ca/hansard/36th3rd/h0329P9.HTM Official Report of DEBATES OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY] - MARCH 29, 1999</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=John_Horgan}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post1preceded = [[Shirley Bond]]
| post1 = Minister of Labour
| post1years = July 18, 2017–
| post1note =
| post1followed = Incumbent
}}
{{s-end}}

{{British Columbia MLAs}}
{{Horgan Ministry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bains, Harry}}
[[Category:British Columbia New Democratic Party MLAs]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
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[[Category:Punjabi people]]
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[[Category:People from Surrey, British Columbia]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian politicians]]
[[Category:International Woodworkers of America people]]

Harminder Dua

2023-10-03T15:40:57Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date= October 2023}}
'''Professor Harminder Singh Dua''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRCS|FRCOphth}} ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਹਰਮਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੁਆਹ, born in [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]) is an [[British Indians|Indian-British]] medical doctor and researcher.<ref name=bmj>[http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/advisory-panels/editorial-advisory-board/harminder-s-dua BMJ: Harminder Singh Dua biography]</ref> He is the chair and professor of ophthalmology at [[University of Nottingham]] and is the head of the Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Prior, he was associate professor at the [[Thomas Jefferson University]], [[Philadelphia]], USA when he was invited to chair in Nottingham in April 1994. He earlier did his Graduation in Medicine from Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1130613/jsp/nation/story_17002533.jsp#.UnAFR_nryc8 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20131030093914/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130613/jsp/nation/story_17002533.jsp%23.UnAFR_nryc8 | url-status=dead | archive-date=30 October 2013 | title=Indian surgeon finds new layer in cornea | date=13 June 2013 | first=G.S. | last=Mudur | newspaper=The Telegraph | location=India | access-date=11 April 2018 }}</ref>

Dua is also the co-editor in chief with Arun Singh of the ''[[British Journal of Ophthalmology]]''. He was president of EuCornea, the European society of Cornea and Ocular surface disease specialists. He is also president of the EVERf (European Association for Vision and Eye Research Foundation) and past president of the association itself. He was elected to the chair of Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis and invited to join as member of the [[American Ophthalmological Society]] by thesis. In March 2011 he was elected president of the [[Royal College of Ophthalmologists]], UK commencing his duties on 25 May 2011. He has over 200 research publications, 20 published letters, and 14 book chapters to his credit.<ref name=bmj/>

Dua was appointed [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the [[2019 Birthday Honours]] for services to eye healthcare, health education and ophthalmology.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=62666|supp=y|page=B8|date=8 June 2019}}</ref> In March 2021 he was appointed to the ceremonial post of [[Sheriff of Nottingham (position)|Sheriff of Nottingham]] for 2021-22.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Kate |title=Meet the new High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire |url=https://www.worksopguardian.co.uk/news/crime/meet-the-new-high-sheriff-of-nottinghamshire-3167027 |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=www.worksopguardian.co.uk |date=16 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Discovery of Dua's layer==
{{Main|Dua's layer}}
In a 2013 paper, Dua and others at the [[University of Nottingham]]<ref name=UPI>{{cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/Blog/2013/06/11/Scientists-discover-new-layer-of-human-cornea/3121370965203/|title=Scientists discover new layer of human cornea|author=Kristin Butler|publisher=UPI|date=12 June 2013|access-date=12 June 2013}}{{medrs|date=June 2013}}</ref> reported discovery of a previously unknown layer of the human [[cornea]] measuring just 15 [[micrometre]]s thick between the [[corneal stroma]] and [[Descemet's membrane]].<ref name=paper>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dua | first1 = H. S. | last2 = Faraj | first2 = L. A. | last3 = Said | first3 = D. G. | last4 = Gray | first4 = T. | last5 = Lowe | first5 = J. | title = Human Corneal Anatomy Redefined: A Novel Pre-Descemet's Layer (Dua's Layer)| doi = 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.018 | journal = Ophthalmology | volume = 120 | issue = 9 | pages = 1778–1785 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23714320}}</ref> They refer to the reported layer as [[Dua's layer]]. However, this was considered very controversial in the field due to the convention within the medical community to stop using eponyms.<ref>McKee, Hamish D.; Irion, Luciane C.D.; Carley, Fiona M.; Brahma, Arun K.; Jafarinasab, Mohammad R.; Rahmati-Kamel, Mohsen; Kanavi, Mozhgan R.; Feizi, Sepehr (May 2014). "Re: Dua et al.: Human corneal anatomy redefined: a novel pre-Descemet layer (Dua's layer) (Ophthalmology 2013;120:1778–85)". Ophthalmology. 121 (5): e24–e25. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.12.021. {{PMID|24560565}}. Abstract: We read the recent claim of the discovery of a new corneal layer by Dua et al with incredulity.1 The existence of pre-Descemet stromal tissue remaining after pneumodissection is well known. Their further investigation of this pre-Descemet stroma confirms that it is stroma, and not a new corneal layer.</ref> In 2001,he proposed Dua classification for chemical injuries in eye.

== See also ==

* [[List of British Sikhs]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101210032353/http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/scs/divisions/ophthalmologyvisualsciences/people/harminder.dua University of Nottingham - Professor Harminder Dua page]
* [https://www.laservision.co.uk/consultant/professor-harminder-dua/ LaserVision Nottingham - Professor Harminder Dua page]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dua, Harminder}}
[[Category:Living people]]
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[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:British medical researchers]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Nottingham]]
[[Category:Thomas Jefferson University faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to England]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]]

Harjit Sajjan

2023-10-03T15:40:31Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Canadian English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Canadian politician (born 1970)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Harjit Sajjan
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|OMM|MSM|CD|MP|size=100%}}
| image = Harjit Sajjan - 2023 - P060539-646377 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sajjan in 2023
|office = [[President of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
|term_start = July 26, 2023
|term_end =
|predecessor = [[Bill Blair (politician)|Bill Blair]]
|successor =
|primeminister = [[Justin Trudeau]]
|office1 = [[Minister of Emergency Preparedness]]
|term_start1 = July 26, 2023
|term_end1 =
|predecessor1 = Bill Blair
|successor1 =
|primeminister1 = Justin Trudeau
| office3 = [[Minister of International Development (Canada)|Minister of International Development]]
| primeminister3 = Justin Trudeau
| term_start3 = October 26, 2021
| term_end3 = July 26, 2023
| predecessor3 = [[Karina Gould]]
| successor3 = [[Ahmed Hussen]]
|office2 = [[Regional Development Agency (Canada)|Minister responsible for the Pacific Economic Development Agency of Canada]]
|term_start2 = October 26, 2021
|primeminister2 = Justin Trudeau
| office4 = [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]]
| primeminister4 = Justin Trudeau
| term_start4 = November 4, 2015
| term_end4 = October 26, 2021
| predecessor4 = [[Jason Kenney]]
| successor4 = [[Anita Anand]]
| office5 = [[Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Veterans Affairs]]
| primeminister5 = Justin Trudeau
| term_start5 = February 12, 2019
| term_end5 = March 1, 2019
| predecessor5 = [[Jody Wilson-Raybould]]
| successor5 = [[Lawrence MacAulay]]
| termlabel5 = Acting
| riding6 = [[Vancouver South]]
| parliament6 = Canadian
| term_start6 = October 19, 2015
| term_end6 =
| predecessor6 = [[Wai Young]]
| successor6 =
| birth_name = Harjit Singh Sajjan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1970|9|6}}
| birth_place = Bombeli, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Canadian
| party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Kuljit Kaur|1996}}
| children = 2
| profession = Police officer
| occupation = Politician
| residence = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Canada<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2019app/51/table12E.html|title=Official Voting Results|publisher=Elections Canada|access-date=January 23, 2021|archive-date=April 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424102941/https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2019app/51/table12E.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| allegiance = {{flag|Canada}}
| battles = {{plainlist|
* [[NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian War]]
* [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]
* [[Operation Medusa]]
}}
| branch = {{army|CAN}}
| serviceyears = 1989–2015<ref name=release151110>{{cite news|last1=Pugliese|first1=David|title=Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan released from military — so he doesn't have to take orders from generals|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/defence-minister-harjit-sajjan-released-from-military-so-he-doesnt-have-to-take-orders-from-generals|access-date=11 November 2015|work=National Post|agency=Postmedia News|publisher=Postmedia Network Inc.|date=10 November 2015|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430052924/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| rank = [[File:Canadian Army OF-4.svg|20px]] [[Lieutenant-colonel (Canada)|Lieutenant-Colonel]]
| mawards = {{unbulleted list|[[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Order of Military Merit]]|[[Meritorious Service Medal (Canada)|Meritorious Service Medal]]|[[Canadian Forces Decoration]]|[[South-West Asia Service Medal]]|[[General Campaign Star]]|[[Commendation Medal]]|[[NATO Medal|NATO Service Medal]]|[[Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal]]}}
| unit = [[The British Columbia Regiment]]
| commands = [[The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own)]]
| module = {{Infobox police officer|embed=yes
| currentstatus = Retired
| serviceyears =
| branch = Gang Crime Unit
| rank = Detective
| department = [[Vancouver Police Department]]
}}
}}

'''Harjit Singh Sajjan''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|OMM|MSM|CD|MP}} ({{IPAc-en|'|h|ɑːr|dʒ|iː|t|_|'|s|ɪ|ŋ|_|'|s|æ|dʒ|ən}}, {{Respell|HAR|jeet|_|SING|_|SAJ|ən}}; born September 6, 1970) is a Canadian politician who has served as the [[Minister of Emergency Preparedness|minister of emergency preparedness]] and the [[President of the King's Privy Council for Canada|president of the Privy Council]] since July 26, 2023. A member of the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]], Sajjan represents the [[British Columbia]] (BC) [[Electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Vancouver South]] in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]], taking office as [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|member of Parliament]] (MP) following the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 election]].

Sajjan served as the [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|minister of national defence]] from 2015 to 2021 and [[Minister of International Development (Canada)|minister of international development]] from 2021 to 2023. Before his entry into politics, Sajjan worked as a detective in the [[Vancouver Police Department]] and was a lieutenant-colonel in the [[Canadian Army]]. He is Canada's first [[Sikhism|Sikh]] minister of national defence,<ref>{{cite news| url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/harjit-sajjan-orders-crackdown-as-canadian-forces-facebook-page-features-racist-vulgar-comments| title=Harjit Sajjan orders crackdown as Canadian Forces Facebook page features racist, vulgar comments| date=April 12, 2018| first=David| last=Pugliese| work=[[Ottawa Citizen]]| access-date=August 31, 2018| archive-date=April 30, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430052950/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/harjit-sajjan-orders-crackdown-as-canadian-forces-facebook-page-features-racist-vulgar-comments| url-status=live}}</ref> and was also the first [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh Canadian]] to command a [[Canadian Army]] reserve regiment.

==Early and personal life==
Sajjan was born on September 6, 1970, in Bombeli, a village in the [[Hoshiarpur district]] of [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Hon. Harjit Singh Sajjan, P.C., M.P.|url=https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=18450|access-date=2021-04-30|publisher=[[Parliament of Canada]]|archive-date=December 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210155015/https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile%3FpersonId%3D18450|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://vancouversun.com/life/who-are-we-part-12-in-defence-of-the-rights-of-others-with-video|title=Who are we? Part 12: In defence of the rights of others (with video)|last=Bramham|first=Daphne|date=18 September 2012|website=www.vancouversun.com|publisher=[[Vancouver Sun]]|access-date=2015-11-05|archive-date=September 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918145648/https://vancouversun.com/life/who-are-we-part-12-in-defence-of-the-rights-of-others-with-video|url-status=live}}</ref> His father, Kundan Sajjan, was a [[head constable]] with the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] in India,<ref>{{cite web |title=Hoshiarpur village rejoices as Sajjan wins |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/diaspora/hoshiarpur-village-rejoices-as-sajjan-wins/148627.html |website=www.tribuneindia.com |access-date=February 19, 2019 |archive-date=November 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095633/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/diaspora/hoshiarpur-village-rejoices-as-sajjan-wins/148627.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and is currently a member of the [[World Sikh Organization]] (WSO), a Sikh advocacy group.<ref name="CBC profile" /> Sajjan, along with his mother and older sister, immigrated to Canada in 1976, when he was five years old, to join their father who had left for BC two years earlier to work at a sawmill.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/harjit-sajjan-the-secret-weapons-of-trudeaus-commando-in-chief/|title=Behind the sunglasses: Harjit Sajjan's rise to cabinet|last=Geddes|first=John|date=2016-03-08|website=Macleans.ca|publisher=[[Maclean's]]|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-08|archive-date=February 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205085622/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/harjit-sajjan-the-secret-weapons-of-trudeaus-commando-in-chief/|url-status=live}}</ref> While the family was getting established in their new life in Canada, his mother worked on berry farms in BC [[Lower Mainland]] during the summer where Sajjan and his sister would frequently join her.<ref name=":2" /> Harjit Singh grew up in South [[Vancouver]].<ref name=":2" />

Sajjan married Kuljit Kaur, a family physician in 1996, and they have a son and a daughter, Arjun and Jeevut.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="CBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/harjit-sajjan-badass-canada-defence-minister-1.3304931|title=Harjit Sajjan: Meet Canada's new 'badass' defence minister|date=November 5, 2015|work=cbc.ca|access-date=November 5, 2015|archive-date=November 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105140205/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/harjit-sajjan-badass-canada-defence-minister-1.3304931|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sajjan was [[Amrit Sanchar|baptized as a Sikh]] when he was a teenager, seeing it as a way to get away from a bad crowd, such as his classmate [[Bindy Johal]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name="foreignpolicy.com">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/05/canadas-new-defense-minister-made-his-own-gas-mask-to-work-with-his-sikh-beard/|title=Canada's New Defense Minister Made His Own Gas Mask to Work With His Sikh Beard|work=Foreign Policy|date=November 5, 2015 |access-date=March 7, 2017|archive-date=February 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218104937/http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/05/canadas-new-defense-minister-made-his-own-gas-mask-to-work-with-his-sikh-beard/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Military and police career ==
Sajjan joined [[The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own)]] in 1989 as a [[Trooper (rank)|trooper]] and was commissioned as an officer in 1991. He eventually rose to the rank of [[Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia|lieutenant-colonel]]. He deployed overseas four times in the course of his career: once to [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and three times to [[Canada's role in the Afghanistan War|Afghanistan]].<ref name="CBC profile" /> Sajjan began his 11-year career as an officer of the Vancouver Police Department after returning from his Bosnian deployment.<ref name="CBC profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/harjit-sajjan-badass-canada-defence-minister-1.3304931 | title=Harjit Sajjan: Meet Canada's new 'badass' defence minister | publisher=[[CBC News]] | date=5 November 2015 | access-date=5 November 2015 | author=Baluja, Tamara | archive-date=November 5, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105140205/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/harjit-sajjan-badass-canada-defence-minister-1.3304931 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> He ended his career with the Vancouver Police Department as a detective with the department's gang crimes unit specializing in drug trafficking<ref name="CBC profile" /> and organized-crime investigation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="foreignpolicy.com" />

Sajjan's first deployment to Afghanistan was shortly before the start of [[Operation Medusa]] in 2006, during which he took leave from his work in the Vancouver Police Department's gang squad.<ref name=":2" /> He deployed with the 1st Battalion, [[The Royal Canadian Regiment|Royal Canadian Regiment]] Battle Group in [[Kandahar]] and worked as a liaison officer with the Afghan police.<ref name=":1" /> Sajjan found that corruption in the Afghan government was driving recruitment to the [[Taliban]].<ref name=":1" /> After reporting these findings to [[Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia|Brigadier General]] [[David Fraser (military officer)|David Fraser]], Sajjan was tasked with helping the general plan aspects of Operation Medusa.<ref name=":1" />

Fraser evaluated Sajjan's leadership during the operation as "nothing short of brilliant".<ref name=":1" /> When Sajjan returned to Vancouver, Fraser sent a letter to the police department which called Sajjan "the best single Canadian intelligence asset in theatre", stated that his work saved "a multitude of coalition lives", and noted that the Canadian Forces should "seek his advice on how to change our entire tactical intelligence training and architecture".<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/04/29/analysis/heres-what-harjit-sajjan-really-did-operation-medusa|title=Here's what Harjit Sajjan really did with OPERATION MEDUSA|last=Garossino|first=Sandy|date=April 29, 2017|website=[[National Observer (Canada)|National Observer]]|access-date=May 1, 2017|archive-date=April 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430013224/http://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/04/29/analysis/heres-what-harjit-sajjan-really-did-operation-medusa|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajjan was [[mentioned in dispatches]] for the usefulness of his tactical counterinsurgency knowledge in the planning and implementation of an unnamed operation in September 2006 to secure important terrain.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/04/28/defence-minister-harjit-sajjan-pays-price-for-rash-battlefield-boast.html|title=Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan pays price for rash battlefield boast|last=Campion-Smith|first=Bruce|date=April 28, 2017|work=[[Toronto Star]]|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=September 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927193748/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/04/28/defence-minister-harjit-sajjan-pays-price-for-rash-battlefield-boast.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Upon his return, Sajjan left his position with the Vancouver police, but stayed as a reservist and started his own consulting business that taught intelligence gathering techniques to Canadian and American military personnel.<ref name=":1" /> He also consulted for US policy analyst and Afghanistan expert [[Barnett Rubin]], which began as a correspondence over Sajjan's views on how to tackle the Afghan opium trade and evolved into a collaboration as advisers to American military and diplomatic leaders in Afghanistan.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rubin|first1=Barnett|last2=Sherman|first2=Jake|title=Counter-Narcotics to Stabilize Afghanistan: The False Promise of Crop Eradication|date=2008|publisher=[[New York University]]|pages=57–58|url=http://cic.es.its.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/counternarcoticsfinal.pdf|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-date=November 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106133132/http://cic.es.its.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/counternarcoticsfinal.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sajjan returned to Afghanistan for another tour of duty in 2009, taking another tour of leave from the Vancouver Police Department to do so.<ref name=":2" /> Having already taken two leaves of absence, Sajjan had to leave the Vancouver Police Department for his third tour of duty in 2010, during which he was assigned as a special assistant to then Major-General [[James L. Terry]], the commander of American forces in Afghanistan.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2015/11/04/opinion/you-have-no-idea-how-badass-trudeaus-defence-minister-really|title=You have no idea how badass Trudeau's Defence Minister really is|work=National Observer|date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=February 21, 2018|archive-date=February 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207174933/https://www.nationalobserver.com/2015/11/04/opinion/you-have-no-idea-how-badass-trudeaus-defence-minister-really|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, he became the first [[Sikh]] to command a Canadian Army reserve regiment when he was named commander of The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own).<ref>Garima Goswami, [http://www.darpanmagazine.com/magazine/spotlight/taking-commandlieutenantcolonel-harjit-singh-sajjan/ Taking Command - Lieutenant-Colonel Harjit Singh Sajjan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191843/http://www.darpanmagazine.com/magazine/spotlight/taking-commandlieutenantcolonel-harjit-singh-sajjan/ |date=March 5, 2016 }}, ''Darpan Magazine'', April 20, 2013.</ref>

He was bestowed with the [[Meritorious Service Medal (Canada)|Meritorious Service Medal]] in 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/honour.aspx?id=903&t=16&ln=Sajjan|title=The Governor General of Canada > Find a Recipient|work=gg.ca|access-date=November 6, 2015|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430053001/https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients|url-status=live}}</ref> for diluting the [[Taliban insurgency|Taliban's]] influence in Kandahar Province.<ref name="CBC profile" /> He has also been awarded the [[Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal]],<ref name="CBC profile" /> the [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Order of Military Merit]] award, and served as [[Aide-de-camp|Aide-de-Camp]] to the [[Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia|lieutenant governor of British Columbia]].<ref name=":0">[http://harjitsajjan.liberal.ca/biography/ Meet Harjit Sajjan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105133239/http://harjitsajjan.liberal.ca/biography/ |date=November 5, 2015 }}, Liberal.ca.</ref>

His Sikh beliefs require him to keep his facial hair which prevents the use of regular military gas masks, so Sajjan invented his own gas mask that worked with his beard, and patented it in 1996.<ref name="foreignpolicy.com" /><ref>{{cite patent |country=CA |number=2189378 |status=patent| title = Protective hood}}</ref>

== Political career ==
[[File:Canadian Minister of Defence Harjit Singh Sajjan addresses the U.S. congressional delegation in Halifax, NS, for the 2016 Halifax International Security Forum (30299569794).jpg|left|thumb|Sajjan speaking at the [[Halifax International Security Forum]] in 2016]]
[[File:Secretary Pompeo, Secretary Mattis, Canadian Foreign Minister Freeland and Canadian Defense Minister Sajjan Address the Press (44499792130).jpg|left|thumb|Sajjan with U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] and U.S. Secretary of Defense [[James Mattis]] in 2018]]
Sajjan was elected for the riding of [[Vancouver South]] during the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 federal election]], defeating Conservative incumbent [[Wai Young]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2284476/liberal-harjit-sajjan-defeats-tory-incumbent-wai-young-in-vancouver-south/ | title=Liberal Harjit Sajjan defeats Tory incumbent Wai Young in Vancouver South | work=Global News | author=Jon Azpiri | date=October 19, 2015 | access-date=October 19, 2015 | archive-date=October 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022232903/http://globalnews.ca/news/2284476/liberal-harjit-sajjan-defeats-tory-incumbent-wai-young-in-vancouver-south/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/canada-election-2015-list-of-elected-b-c-candidates-1.3279444 | title=Canada election 2015: List of elected B.C. candidates | publisher=CBC News | date=October 19, 2015 | access-date=October 20, 2015 | archive-date=November 11, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151111145013/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/canada-election-2015-list-of-elected-b-c-candidates-1.3279444 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/19-indian-canadians-elected-to-canadian-parliament/articleshow/49464520.cms | title=19 Indian-Canadians elected to Canadian parliament | publisher=[[The Economic Times]] | date=October 20, 2015 | access-date=October 20, 2015 | archive-date=November 11, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151111145903/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/19-indian-canadians-elected-to-canadian-parliament/articleshow/49464520.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> Sajjan was appointed [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|minister of national defence]] in the [[Cabinet of Canada|federal Cabinet]], headed by [[Justin Trudeau]], on November 4, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full list of Justin Trudeau's cabinet|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/full-list-of-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3300699|website=CBC News|access-date=November 4, 2015|archive-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403163026/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/full-list-of-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3300699|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also briefly acting minister of [[Veterans Affairs Canada|veterans affairs]] in February 2019 following the resignation of [[Jody Wilson-Raybould]],<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Walsh|first1=Marieke|last2=Feb 12|first2=Marco Vigliotti Published on|last3=2019 1:30pm|date=2019-02-12|title=Sajjan acting veterans affairs minister after Wilson-Raybould's resignation|url=https://ipolitics.ca/2019/02/12/sajjan-named-acting-veterans-affairs-minister-after-wilson-rayboulds-resignation/|access-date=2020-10-22|website=iPolitics|language=en-US|archive-date=October 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024163903/https://ipolitics.ca/2019/02/12/sajjan-named-acting-veterans-affairs-minister-after-wilson-rayboulds-resignation/|url-status=live}}</ref> until the appointment of [[Lawrence MacAulay]] to the portfolio.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lawrence MacAulay named veterans affairs minister in mini cabinet shuffle|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/newsalert-trudeau-names-macaulay-veterans-affairs-minister-in-cabinet-shuffle|access-date=2020-10-22|website=National Post|language=en-CA|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430052919/https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/newsalert-trudeau-names-macaulay-veterans-affairs-minister-in-cabinet-shuffle|url-status=live}}</ref>

His alleged links with the [[Khalistan movement]] have caused diplomatic friction with Punjab's former chief minister, [[Amarinder Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=By M.D. |title=A minister's faith complicates Canada's relations with India |url=https://www.economist.com/erasmus/2017/05/08/a-ministers-faith-complicates-canadas-relations-with-india |newspaper=The Economist |date=8 May 2017 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219130308/https://www.economist.com/erasmus/2017/05/08/a-ministers-faith-complicates-canadas-relations-with-india |url-status=live }}</ref> Harjit Sajjan also has faced allegations from [[New Democratic Party]] (NDP) that he is "playing down his connections to the detainee controversy during the [Afghanistan] combat mission [Medusa], where Canadians handed over prisoners to torture by Afghan authorities."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chase |first1=Steven |title=Opposition denounce Defence Minister Sajjan, make case for non-confidence |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/opposition-denounce-defence-minister-sajjan-make-case-for-non-confidence/article34924034/ |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=May 8, 2017 |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430052950/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/opposition-denounce-defence-minister-sajjan-make-case-for-non-confidence/article34924034/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2019, Sajjan attended an event that was held to celebrate the [[70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China|70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China]], for which he was subsequently criticized by the Conservatives.<ref>{{cite news |title=Glavin: Liberals still kowtowing to China's thugs –– just with a bit more subtlety than usual |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/glavin-liberals-still-kowtowing-to-chinas-thugs-just-with-a-bit-more-subtlety-than-usual |agency=Ottawa Citizen |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |date=October 2, 2019 |access-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006202110/https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/glavin-liberals-still-kowtowing-to-chinas-thugs-just-with-a-bit-more-subtlety-than-usual |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Harjit Sajjan criticized for attending event celebrating Chinese regime |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2019/09/30/harjit-sajjan-criticized-for-attending-event-celebrating-chinese-regime/ |agency=iPolitics |publisher=iPolitics |date=Sep 30, 2019 |access-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007063139/https://ipolitics.ca/2019/09/30/harjit-sajjan-criticized-for-attending-event-celebrating-chinese-regime/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=npsajjan/> A spokesperson for Sajjan said that he appeared in his capacity as a candidate for his riding and did not stay for long.<ref name=npsajjan>{{cite news |title=Defence minister ripped for attending gala honouring Chinese Communist Party anniversary |agency=NP |publisher=NP |date=September 30, 2019 |quote=“During the event, Mr. Sajjan delivered brief remarks where he spoke of the long-standing focus of the organization on promoting diversity and their efforts to grant Chinese-Canadians the right to vote. Mr. Sajjan took the opportunity to state that the Chinese government needed to address the consular cases of the two arbitrarily detained Canadians. Mr. Sajjan believes in standing up for the rights of Canadians and has done so on numerous occasions. Shortly following the remarks, Mr. Sajjan departed. … Mr. Sajjan did not stay for dinner.”}}</ref>

=== Controversy over role in Operation Medusa ===
In an April 2017 public speech in [[New Delhi]], Sajjan called himself "the architect" of [[Operation Medusa]], a September 2006 Canadian offensive to remove [[Taliban]] fighters from around [[Kandahar]].<ref name=":4" /> In July 2015, Sajjan had made the same claim during an episode of the BC program ''Conversations That Matter'', stating that General [[Jonathan Vance]], the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)|chief of the defence staff]] at the time the story broke in 2017, saw him as "the architect" in the 2006 offensive.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/04/29/harjit-sajjan-apologizes-for-claiming-he-was-architect-of-canadas-largest-afghanistan-battle.html|title=Harjit Sajjan apologizes for claim about Afghan offensive|last=Campion-Smith|first=Bruce|date=April 29, 2017|work=[[Toronto Star]]|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=October 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003195323/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/04/29/harjit-sajjan-apologizes-for-claiming-he-was-architect-of-canadas-largest-afghanistan-battle.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1fWSq0mnXM|title=Canada Minister of Defense Lt Col Harjit Sajjan: Fighting Terrorism|date=July 2, 2015|website=[[YouTube]]|publisher=Conversations That Matter, with Stuart McNish, presented by the [[Simon Fraser University]] Centre for Dialogue|at=Statement at 14:08|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=September 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928041813/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1fWSq0mnXM|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time of Operation Medusa, Sajjan was a [[major]] in the [[Canadian Army]] reserve and a liaison officer to [[Task Force Kandahar]], where large combat operations such as Medusa were usually worked upon by generals and [[colonel]]s.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/sajjan-retracts-claim-he-was-architect-of-canadas-biggest-combat-operation-in-afghanistan|title=Sajjan retracts claim he was 'architect' of Canada's biggest combat operation in Afghanistan|last=Fisher|first=Matthew|date=April 27, 2017|work=[[National Post]]|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430053004/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/sajjan-retracts-claim-he-was-architect-of-canadas-biggest-combat-operation-in-afghanistan|url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the anonymous officers cited in the ''[[National Post]]'', which first broke the story, called Sajjan's statement "a bald-faced lie", while others praised him on a personal level and for his expert intelligence work, but found his claim "really, quite outrageous" because the planning for Operation Medusa was collaborative.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> Canadian historian [[Jack Granatstein]] said that Sajjan was a skilled intelligence officer who would have presented important intelligence in the leadup to the operation, but that he "certainly wouldn't have been the chief planner". Granatstein said that while the mistake was not one that was worth resigning over, it would still hurt his relationship with the military.<ref name=":4" /> In an interview on [[AM640 Toronto Radio|AM640]], [[Chris Vernon|Christopher Vernon]], a British officer who served as chief of staff for [[NATO]] forces in Southern Afghanistan at Kandahar during Medusa, said that Sajjan's role in the planning was "more than integral" and that Sajjan was a "pivotal player" in the operation. Vernon noted that Sajjan had worked "hand-in-glove" with the Australian [[lieutenant colonel]] who was the lead planner and that without Sajjan's intelligence work, the operation would not have happened.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3439350/commentary-operation-medusa-wouldnt-have-happened-without-minister-sajjan/|title=Operation Medusa wouldn't have happened without Minister Sajjan|last=Dwivedi|first=Supriya|date=May 10, 2017|website=[[Global News]]|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032429/https://globalnews.ca/news/3439350/commentary-operation-medusa-wouldnt-have-happened-without-minister-sajjan/|url-status=live}}</ref> Brigadier-General [[David Fraser (soldier)|David Fraser]] had also extensively praised the indispensable nature of Sajjan's role in Operation Medusa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/04/29/analysis/heres-what-harjit-sajjan-really-did-operation-medusa/|title=Here's what Harjit Sajjan really did with OPERATION MEDUSA|last=Garossino|first=Sandy|date=April 29, 2017|website=[[National Observer (Canada)|National Observer]]|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107114043/https://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/04/29/analysis/heres-what-harjit-sajjan-really-did-operation-medusa|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sajjan issued apologies in which he apologized to members of the Canadian Forces, the [[United States Armed Forces]], and the [[Afghan Armed Forces]] in the operation, and noted that the successes of Operation Medusa were due to the contributions of all members of the Canadian Forces who were involved. Sajjan also acknowledged that describing himself as "the architect" was a mistake, and highlighted the role of Brigadier-General [[David Fraser (soldier)|David Fraser]] in leading the team that planned the operation.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/HarjitSajjan/status/858332848612417536|title=I made a mistake in describing my role. I wish to retract that description and apologize for it. I am truly sorry: www.facebook.com/harjit.sajjan.7/posts/675523262650123 …|last=Sajjan|first=Harjit|date=April 29, 2017|website=[[Twitter]]|language=en|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=July 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712122943/https://twitter.com/HarjitSajjan/status/858332848612417536|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/harjit.sajjan.7/posts/675523262650123|title=The response to my remarks about Operation Medusa has been a good reminder of something important for me as a leader - always set a standard that honours those you serve.|last=Sajjan|first=Harjit|date=April 29, 2017|website=[[Facebook]]|language=en|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-date=December 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217213149/https://www.facebook.com/harjit.sajjan.7/posts/675523262650123|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sajjan was supported by Justin Trudeau amidst calls from the opposition for him to resign.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/sajjan-apology-operation-medusa-1.4093270|title=Opposition accuses defence minister of 'stolen valour' in demanding resignation for Afghan battle claim|work=CBC News|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en|archive-date=June 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601103542/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/sajjan-apology-operation-medusa-1.4093270|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/05/01/trudeau-backs-sajjan-after-exaggerated-operation-medusa-claim.html|title=Trudeau backs Sajjan after exaggerated combat claim from Afghanistan mission {{!}} Toronto Star|website=thestar.com|date=May 2017 |access-date=2017-08-29|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830102157/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/05/01/trudeau-backs-sajjan-after-exaggerated-operation-medusa-claim.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A failed vote of no confidence in Sajjan was put forth by the [[Conservative Party of Canada]] in the House of Commons.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/liberals-vote-down-conservatives-non-confidence-motion-against-sajjan/article34933544/|title=Liberals vote down Conservatives' non-confidence motion against Sajjan|date=2017-05-09|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en-GB|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430052919/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/liberals-vote-down-conservatives-non-confidence-motion-against-sajjan/article34933544/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news1130.com/2017/05/03/tories-target-trudeau-inflated-claims-defence-minister/|title=Tories target Trudeau over inflated claims by defence minister - NEWS 1130|date=2017-05-03|work=NEWS 1130|access-date=2017-08-29|language=en-US|archive-date=September 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923185145/http://www.news1130.com/2017/05/03/tories-target-trudeau-inflated-claims-defence-minister/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sajjan was moved from minister of defence to minister of international development in an October 2021 cabinet reshuffle.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-trudeau-names-new-ministers-to-several-key-files-in-sizable-cabinet-shakeup-1.5638339 |title=PM Trudeau names new ministers to several key files in sizable cabinet shakeup |last=Aiello|first=Rachel |date= 2021-10-26|website=CTV News |publisher= |access-date=2022-02-01 |quote=}}</ref>

==Honours and decorations==

Sajjan has received the following honours and decorations during and after his military career.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:DarkGreen;color:white " align="center"
|Ribbon || Description || Notes
|-
|[[File:Order of Military Merit (Canada) ribbon (OMM).jpg|80px]] || [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Order of Military Merit]] (OMM) ||
*Appointed Officer (OMM) on 17 October 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/150-4379|title=Order of Military Merit List|publisher=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:MSM Ribbon-military.png|80px]] || [[Meritorious Service Medal (Canada)|Meritorious Service Medal]] (MSM) ||
* Awarded August 22, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/139-903|title=The Diamond Jubilee Medal List|publisher=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
* Military Division
|-
|[[File:South-West Asia Service Medal with Afganistan bar ribbon.png|80px]] || [[South-West Asia Service Medal]] ||
* With Clasp "AFGHANISTAN"
|-
|[[File:CAN General Campaign Star SWA two bars (390 days).png|80px]] || [[General Campaign Star (Canada)|General Campaign Star]] ||
* South West Asia Ribbon
* 2 Rotation Bars
|-
|[[File:UK MID 1920-94.svg|80px]] || [[Mentioned in dispatches]] ||
* Awarded June 4, 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/134-576|title=The Diamond Jubilee Medal List|publisher=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-leaf|ribbon=NATO Medal Yugoslavia ribbon bar with decoration.svg|width=80}}||[[NATO Medal]] for the former Yugoslavia||
*with '''FORMER YUGOSLAVIA''' clasp
|-
|[[File:CPSM Ribbon.png|80px]] || [[Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal]] ||
|-
|[[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|80px]] || [[Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal]] ||
*Decoration awarded in 2002<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/125-38518|title=The Diamond Jubilee Medal List|publisher=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
*Canadian version
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-leaf|ribbon=QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|width=80}}||[[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]]||
*Decoration awarded in 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/126-205838|title=The Diamond Jubilee Medal List|publisher=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
*Canadian version
|-
|[[File:CD-ribbon and bar.png|80px]] || [[Canadian Forces' Decoration]] (CD) ||
*with one Clasp for 22 years of services
|-
|[[File:Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg|80px]] || [[Commendation Medal]] ||
* From the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] of the United States of America
|-
|[[File:Canadian Chief of the Defence Staff Commendation.jpg|80px]] || Chief of Defence Staff Commendation ||
|-
| || Deputy Minister Award||
* From the [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]]
|-
|
|[[Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Awards]]
|
* 2016 recipient<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canadas Top 25 Immigrants 2016|url=https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2016|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Canadian Immigrant|language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

==Electoral record==
{{2021 Canadian federal election/Vancouver South}}
{{2019 Canadian federal election/Vancouver South}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2015|Vancouver South|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Harjit Sajjan|21,773|48.81|+15.05|$161,402.16}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|[[Wai Young]]|15,115|33.88|-8.54|$118,748.27}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Amandeep Nijjar|6,230|13.97|-7.10|$63,954.79}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Elain Ng|1,149|2.58|+0.37|$5,232.68}}
{{CANelec|CA|Marxist-Leninist|Charles Boylan|178|0.40|–|–}}
{{CANelec|CA|Progressive Canadian|Raj Gupta|166|0.37|–|–}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|44,611|100.00| |$203,440.39}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|259|0.58|–}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|44,870|64.04|–}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters|70,062}}
{{CANelec/gain|CA|Liberal|Conservative|+11.80}}
{{CANelec/source|Source: [[Elections Canada]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.ca/Scripts/vis/candidates?L=e&ED=59040&EV=41&EV_TYPE=1&PC=&PROV=BC&PROVID=59&MAPID=&QID=8&PAGEID=17&TPAGEID=&PD=&STAT_CODE_ID=-1|title=Voter Information Service - Who are the candidates in my electoral district?|first=Elections|last=Canada|website=www.elections.ca|access-date=February 9, 2020|archive-date=October 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004032248/http://www.elections.ca/Scripts/vis/candidates?L=e&ED=59040&EV=41&EV_TYPE=1&PC=&PROV=BC&PROVID=59&MAPID=&QID=8&PAGEID=17&TPAGEID=&PD=&STAT_CODE_ID=-1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/canlim&document=index&lang=e|title=Final Election Expenses Limits for Candidates|first=Elections|last=Canada|website=www.elections.ca|access-date=April 30, 2021|archive-date=August 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815061116/http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand%2Fcanlim&document=index&lang=e|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==

* [http://harjitsajjan.liberal.ca/ Official Website]
* [https://pm.gc.ca/en/cabinet/honourable-harjit-sajjan Bio & mandate from the Prime Minister]
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=18450}}

{{s-start}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=29}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
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|post1 = [[Minister of International Development (Canada)|Minister of International Development]]
|post1years = October 26, 2021 – July 26, 2023
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|post2preceded = [[Jason Kenney]]
|post2 = [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sajjan, Harjit}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Canadian Army officers]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
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[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the 29th Canadian Ministry]]
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[[Category:People from Hoshiarpur district]]
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[[Category:Foreign-born Canadian politicians]]

Harinder Takhar

2023-10-03T15:40:11Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Canadian English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Use Canadian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Harinder Takhar
| image = Takhar1.jpg
| caption =
| office1 = [[Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)|Ontario MPP]]
| term_start1 = 2003
| term_end1 = 2018
| predecessor1 = [[Rob Sampson]]
| successor1 = ''Riding abolished''
| constituency1 = [[Mississauga—Erindale (provincial electoral district)|Mississauga—Erindale]] [[Mississauga Centre (provincial electoral district)|Mississauga Centre]] (2003-2007)
| party = [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberal]]
| birth_name = Harinder Jeet Singh Takhar
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951}}
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India]]
| spouse = Balwinder
| children = 2
| residence = [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]]
| occupation = Businessman
| alma_mater = MA [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] BA [[Punjabi University]]
}}
'''Harinder Jeet Singh Takhar''' (born {{circa|1951}}) is a former politician in [[Ontario]], Canada. He was a [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberal]] member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]] from 2003 to 2018 who represented the ridings of [[Mississauga Centre (provincial electoral district)|Mississauga Centre]] and [[Mississauga—Erindale (provincial electoral district)|Mississauga—Erindale]]. He served in the cabinets of [[Dalton McGuinty]] and [[Kathleen Wynne]].

==Background==
Takhar was born to a [[Sikh]] family in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], with a background in farming and civil service work.<ref name=gaz>{{cite news|title=The Candidates: Harinder Takhar|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/the-ontario-liberal-candidates-harinder-takhar|access-date=October 15, 2021|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|date=January 18, 2013}}</ref> He moved to Canada in 1974, and arrived in [[Mississauga, Ontario|Mississauga]], Ontario in 1977. He obtained a bachelor's degree in English and a master's degree in economics and political science and recently added Kellogg Schlich's EMBA degree to his FCPA and FCMA designations.

He has been certified as a [[Certified Management Accountant|CMA]]. He has taught CMA and CGA-accredited courses at [[Sheridan College]] for thirteen years. Takhar held senior financial positions with AGRA Industries Limited, Linear Technology Inc./Gennum Corporation, and Timex Canada Inc. He also served as an Associate Director and Chief Financial Officer of Peel Dtsricy School Board from 1994 to 2003. In addition, he also served as the president and chief executive officer of the Chalmers Group of Companies until his election to the Ontario legislature.<ref>{{cite news |title=Border 'top priority,' new minister vows |first=Dave |last=Battagello |newspaper=The Windsor Star |date=November 6, 2003 |page=A2}}</ref>

Takhar received the 2001 Community Service Award from the Society of Management Accountants of Ontario for "demonstrating selflessness and kindness for the benefit of society." He lives with his wife Balwinder and their two daughters in Mississauga.<ref>{{cite journal |title=On their own |last=Cooper |first=John |journal=CMA Management |date=September 2001 |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=16–21}}</ref>

==Politics==
Takhar ran in the [[2003 Ontario general election|2003 provincial election]] as the [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberal]] candidate in the riding of [[Mississauga Centre (provincial electoral district)|Mississauga Centre]]. He defeated [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservative]] incumbent [[Rob Sampson]] by 2,620 votes.<ref name="2003 results">{{cite web |url=http://results.elections.on.ca/results/2003_results/valid_votes.jsp?e_code=38&rec=0&district=mississauga+centre&flag=E&layout=G |title=Summary of Valid Ballots by Candidate |publisher=Elections Ontario |date=October 2, 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903212807/http://results.elections.on.ca/results/2003_results/valid_votes.jsp?e_code=38&rec=0&district=mississauga+centre&flag=E&layout=G |archive-date=September 3, 2014 }}</ref> He ran again in [[2007 Ontario general election|2007]] in the redistributed riding of [[Mississauga—Erindale (provincial electoral district)|Mississauga—Erindale]] defeating PC candidate David Brown by 6,638 votes.<ref name="2007 results">{{cite web |url=http://elections.on.ca/NR/rdonlyres/AB409CCD-84F3-46FA-B3BD-39AB659EFC2D/0/SummaryofValidBallotsCastforEachCandidate.pdf |title=Summary of Valid Ballots Cast for Each Candidate |publisher=Elections Ontario |date=October 10, 2007 |page=8 (xvii) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007160233/http://www.elections.on.ca/NR/rdonlyres/AB409CCD-84F3-46FA-B3BD-39AB659EFC2D/0/SummaryofValidBallotsCastforEachCandidate.pdf |archive-date=October 7, 2009 }}</ref> He was re-elected in [[2011 Ontario general election|2011]].<ref name="2011 results">{{cite web |url=http://elections.on.ca/NR/rdonlyres/7849B894-4C4F-490E-9E8C-271BCF0C0D4D/5712/SummaryofvalidvotescastforeacndGE2011.pdf |title=Summary of Valid Ballots Cast for Each Candidate |publisher=Elections Ontario |date=October 6, 2011 |page=10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330163815/http://elections.on.ca/NR/rdonlyres/7849B894-4C4F-490E-9E8C-271BCF0C0D4D/5712/SummaryofvalidvotescastforeacndGE2011.pdf |archive-date=March 30, 2013 }}</ref> While it was initially reported that he intended to retire, he changed his mind about running and was re-elected in [[2014 Ontario general election|June 2014]].<ref name=kleestakhar>{{cite news |title=MPP Frank Klees won't seek re-election |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/queenspark/2014/01/21/mpp_frank_klees_wont_seek_reelection.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=January 21, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2014 results">{{cite web |title=General Election by District: Mississauga-Erindale |publisher=Elections Ontario |date=June 12, 2014 |url=http://wemakevotingeasy.ca/en/general-election-district-results.aspx?d=049 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617105655/http://wemakevotingeasy.ca/en/general-election-district-results.aspx?d=049 |archive-date=June 17, 2014 }}</ref>

He was appointed [[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario|Minister of Transportation]] on October 23, 2003, by [[Premier of Ontario|Premier]] [[Dalton McGuinty]]. He is the first Indian-Canadian to hold a cabinet post in Ontario.<ref name="2003McGuintyCab">{{cite news |title=Premier Dalton McGuinty and his 22-member Cabinet were sworn in Thursday |publisher=Canadian Press NewsWire |date=October 23, 2003 |page=1}}</ref> In October 2007 he was appointed as a Minister of Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

In September 2008, Takhar was reappointed to a slightly revised cabinet post of Minister of Small Business and Consumer Services.<ref name="McGuinty2008Cab">{{cite news |title=The new-look Ontario cabinet |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |date=September 19, 2008 |page=A9}}</ref> In June 2009, Takhar's moved to the positions of [[Ministry of Government Services (Ontario)|Minister of Government Services]].<ref>{{cite news |title=McMeekin gets new portfolio |last=Werner |first=Kevin |newspaper=Flamborough Review |location=Waterdown, Ont |date=June 26, 2009 |page=1}}</ref>

He resigned from Cabinet in 2012 to stand as a candidate in the [[2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election|2013 Liberal leadership convention]] to choose McGuinty's successor. Takhar ran a very focused campaign, put forward very innovative policies, and surprised everyone with the number of delegates he could secure to support his leadership bid. After the first round, he withdrew to endorse [[Sandra Pupatello]], who went on to lose to [[Kathleen Wynne]].

On February 11, 2013, Wynne reappointed Takhar to Minister of Government Services. Also, it made him the Management Board Chair.<ref name="2013WynneCab">{{cite news |title=Ontario's new cabinet |newspaper=Waterloo Region Record |location=Kitchener, Ont |date=February 12, 2013 |page=A3}}</ref> On May 8, 2013, he resigned from Cabinet after being hospitalized after he lost his mother .<ref>{{cite news |title=Harinder Takhar resigns cabinet post, citing health issues |last=Stewart |first=John |newspaper=Mississauga News |date=May 8, 2013 |page=1}}</ref>

He remained in the legislature as MPP until he decided not to seek reelection in June 2018. He currently serves as the Chairman/CEO of Chalmers Group of Companies based in Mississauga. He previously served as the Chairman of United Way of Peel and Chair of the Board of Credit Valley Hospital. He was also the founding member and president of the International Punjabi of Commerce. Takhar frequently appears on radio programs to express his views regarding political and economic issues and well a respected member of the South Asian community.

===Cabinet positions===
{{s-start}}
{{Canadian cabinet member navigational box header |ministry=Kathleen_Wynne}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post1preceded = [[Dwight Duncan]]
| post1 = Chair of the Management Board of Cabinet
| post1years = 2013 (February–May)
| post1note =
| post1followed = [[Charles Sousa]]
}}
{{Canadian cabinet member navigational box header |ministry=Dalton_McGuinty}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post3preceded = [[Ted McMeekin]]
| post3 = [[Ministry of Government Services (Ontario)|Minister of Government Services]]
| post3years = 2009–2013
| post3note =
| post3followed = [[Dwight Duncan]]

| post2preceded = New ministry
| post2 = [[Ministry of Small Business and Consumer Services (Ontario)|Minister of Small Business and Consumer Services]]
| post2years = 2006–2009
| post2note =
| post2followed = [[Ted McMeekin]] <ref group=note>[[Ministry of Consumer Services (Ontario)|Minister of Consumer Services]]</ref> [[Sandra Pupatello]] <ref group=note>[[Ministry of Economic Development and Trade (Ontario)|Minister of Small Business]]</ref>

| post1preceded = [[Frank Klees]]
| post1 = [[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario|Minister of Transportation]]
| post1years = 2003–2006
| post1note =
| post1followed = [[Donna Cansfield]]
}}
{{s-end}}

==Electoral record==
{{CANelec/top|ON|2014|percent=yes|change=yes|prelim=no}}
{{CANelec|ON|Liberal|Harinder Takhar|25,174|48.83|+3.80}}
{{CANelec|ON|PC|Jeff White |15,375|29.82|-5.88}}
{{CANelec|ON|NDP|Michelle Bilek |7,745|15.02|-2.00}}
{{CANelec|ON|Green|Vivek Gupta|1,196|2.32|+0.45}}
{{CANelec|ON|Libertarian|Christopher Jewell |892|1.73|}}
{{CANelec|ON|None of the Above|Greg Vezina|706|1.37|}}
{{CANelec|ON|Family Coalition|Nabila Kiyani|469|0.91|}}
{{CANelec/total|Total valid votes|51,557|100.00 ||}}
{{CANelec/hold|ON|Liberal|+4.84}}
{{CANelec/source|Source: [[Elections Ontario]]<ref name="2014 results"/>}}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|ON|2011|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|ON|Liberal|Harinder Takhar|20,552 |45.0 |-2.6 }}
{{CANelec|ON|PC|David Brown |16,294 |35.7 |+2.5 }}
{{CANelec|ON|NDP|Michelle Bilek |7,768 |17.0 |-5.6 }}
{{CANelec|ON|Green|Otto Casanova|853 |1.9 |-5.9 }}
{{CANelec|ON|Freedom|Gerald Jackson |176 |0.4 | }}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|45,643 |100.0 | | }}
{{end}}

{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Ontario general election]]}}
{{CANelec|ON|Liberal|Harinder Takhar|21,294|47.6%|N/A}}
{{CANelec|ON|Progressive Conservatives|David Brown|14,838|33.2%|N/A}}
{{CANelec|ON|NDP|Shaila Kibria|5,117|11.4%|N/A}}
{{CANelec |ON |Green |Richard Pietro |3,495 |7.8% |N/A}}
{{end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[2003 Ontario general election]]}}
{{CANelec|ON|Liberal|Harinder Takhar|18,466|47.45|+7.19}}
{{CANelec|ON|Progressive Conservatives|[[Rob Sampson]]|15,846|40.72|-10.91}}
{{CANelec|ON|NDP|Michael Miller|3,237|8.32|+3.29}}
{{CANelec |ON |Green |Jeffrey Scott Smith |776 |1.99}}
{{CANelec|ON|FCP|John R. Lyall|588|1.51}}
{{end}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Ontario MPP biography|id=harinder-s-takhar}}

{{McGuinty Ministry}}
{{Wynne Ministry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Takhar, Harinder}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian politicians]]
[[Category:Canadian accountants]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Executive Council of Ontario]]
[[Category:Ontario Liberal Party MPPs]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mississauga]]
[[Category:Foreign-born Canadian politicians]]

Harcharan Singh (writer)

2023-10-03T15:39:52Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Indian English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Indian dramatist and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox
|name = Harcharan Singh
|abovestyle = background:#cfc;
|title = Harcharan Singh
|above = Punjabi Playwright
|subheader = 10 December 1914 - 12 April 2006 (age 92)
| image = [[File:Dr. Harcharan Singh.jpg|200px|alt=Dr. Harcharan Singh]]
|caption = ''The Man Of All Seasons''
|headerstyle = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|datastyle =
|header1 = Books written
| label1 =
| data1 =
|header2 =
| label 2 =
| data2 = Kal Ajj Te Bhalak (1971)
|header3 =
| label 3 =
| data3 = Ratta Sallu (1953)
|header4 =
| label 4 =
| data4 = Shobha Shakti (1961)
| header5 =
| label5 =
| data5 = Chamkaur Di Garhi (1966)
| header6 =
| label6 =
| data6 = Hind Di Chaddar (1975)
| header7 = Married
| label7 =
| data7 =
| header8 =
| label8 =
| data8 = Dharam Kaur in 1938
| header9 = Children<ref name="lifehistory">{{cite book|editor1-last=Singh Ghuman|editor1-first=Kapoor|editor2-last=Singh Kasail|editor2-first=Kirpal|editor3-last=Singh Lamba|editor3-first=Gobind|title=Life History of Dr. Harcharan Singh|publisher=Language Dept. Govt. of Punjab|location=India|language=Punjabi|chapter=Introduction}}</ref>
| data10 = Dr. Amarjit Singh Banwatt
| data11 = Jasbir Kaur Gahunia
| data12 = Jagbir Kaur Vaid
| data13 = Amrit Kaur Gahunia
| data14 = Harbux Singh Latta
}}
'''Dr. Harcharan Singh''' (1914–2006) was an Indian dramatist and writer in the [[Punjabi language]]. He dedicated 69 years of his life to Punjabi theater, in which he authored 51 books and staged numerous plays all over the world.<ref name="monograph" />

==Life==
Singh was born in 1914 at Chak # 576, near Nankana Sahib (now in Pakistan) to father, Kirpa Singh, and mother, Rakkhi.<ref name="lifehistory" /> He was sent to his ancestral village, Urapar in Jalandhar District, for education. After passing class 8th from the Govt. School, Chakdanna, Singh was sent to Khalsa School, Jalandhar, for Matric (Class 10). Singh enrolled in B.A. at [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]] in 1933. Then he obtained his master's degree in Punjabi and history from [[Forman Christian College|FC College Lahore]]. Moreover, he earned his Ph.D. degree in orientalism and oriental history, with particular emphasis on classical, pre-[[Maurya Empire|Maurya]] Indo-Aryan dynasties of the Punjab and Himalayas for his thesis "Theatre Traditions in Punjab" from [[Delhi University]] in 1943.<ref name=sikhencyclopedia>{{cite encyclopedia | url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/famous-sikh-personalities/singh-harcharan-1915 | title=Singh, Harcharan (1915-) | encyclopedia=The Sikh Encyclopedia | accessdate=6 April 2018 }}</ref>

He was the head of Punjabi Dept., [[Punjabi University]], Patiala, for 10 years, from 1965 to 1975. He held the post of chairman at the Punjab Sangeet Natak Academy from 1982 to 1991 and again from 1994 to 1997. He was then appointed the chairman of Punjab Arts Council, Chandigarh, from 1999 to 2002.<ref name="George1992">{{cite book|author=K. M. George|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA330|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|pages=330–}}</ref>

==Writing==
Singh wrote his first play, ''Kamla Kumari'', in 1937, which was first staged in Amritsar on 21 January 1938.<ref name="lifehistory"/> He established the Punjab Art Theatre at Lahore in 1939 and popularized theatrical activities in Punjab.<ref name="monograph">{{cite book|author1=Satish Kumar Verma|title=A Monograph on Punjabi Playwright Dr Harcharan Singh|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-4593-8|page=35|language=Punjabi}}</ref> He initiated a trend in Punjabi theatre with his wife Dharam Kaur, who dared to act female role in his play Anjorh, staged at YMCA Hall Lahore in 1939. This paved the way for women on Punjabi stage.<ref name="Datta1988">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1097|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0|pages=1097–}}</ref>

[[File:Anjorh 1949.jpg|thumbnail|Anjorh 1941]]

Singh authored 51 books in Punjabi.<ref name="monograph" /> He was an authority on Sikh historical plays.<ref name="Tribunenonika">{{cite news|author1=Nonika Singh|title=Interview with Dr. Harcharan Singh|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98oct04/sunday/view.htm|accessdate=14 March 2016|issue=Sunday Review|publisher=The Tribune India|date=4 October 1998|language=English}}</ref> His well-known historical plays are ''Chamkaur Di Garhi'', ''Punian Da Chan'', ''Miti Dhundh Jag Chanan Hoa'', ''Jafarnama'', ''Sarhand Di Kandh'', ''Hind Di Chadar'', ''Rani Jindan'', ''Kama Gata Maru'' and ''Shubh Karman Te Kabh Hoon Na Taron''. The play ''Chamkaur Di Garhi'' was first staged on the occasion of the tercentenary birth celebration of Shri Guru Gobind Singh at famous Sunmukh Nanda Auditorium, Bombay, in December 1966. For the last 38 years, different theatrical groups have been staging this play in India and abroad. Six of his plays have been translated into Hindi and one into Russian.

About a dozen of his books have won awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi Award Winners|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#PUNJABI|website=Sahitya-Akademi.gov.in|accessdate=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084937/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#PUNJABI|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was given the prestigious [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Punjabi|Sahitya Academy Award]] in 1973 for his play ''Kal Aj Te Bhalak'' (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow). He was honored by Punjab Govt. as Shromani Sahitkar in 1974. Besides these decorations he was honored by more than a dozen national and international institutions. The feature film ''Sarbansdani Guru Gobind Singh'' was based on his famous play ''Chamkaur Di Garhi''.<ref name="Sarbansdani Film">{{cite web|title=Sarbans Dani Film|url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=Guru_Gobind_Singh_(Film)&oldid=93606|website=Sikhi Wiki}}</ref> His historical play ''Rani Jindan'' was performed by Punjabi Kala Kendra Chandigarh in 20 big cities of Canada and the US in 1981.

Singh wrote the scripts of Bole So Nihal, (a world-famous multimedia Sight & Sound Panorama on 500 years of Sikh History, specially produced for the Birth of Khalsa celebrations,) Sher-e-Punjab (a multimedia Sight & Sound Panorama on 40 glorious years of Khalsa Raj) and Guru Maneo Granth, (another mega multi-media sight & sound panorama dedicated to the 400th centenary of the Prakash of [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]]). These shows have been shown in 50 cities of [[Punjab]] and India besides in 54 major cities of the US, Canada and UK since 1999.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Prashar|first1=A.S.|title=Sight, sound, royalty relived|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011012/art-trib.htm#1|accessdate=14 March 2016|issue=Arts Tribune|publisher=Tribune India|date=12 October 2001}}</ref><ref name="Sight and Sound Shows">{{cite web|title=Sight and Sound Shows|url=http://lattaproductions.com/w/sight-and-sound-shows/|website=Latta Productions|publisher=Latta Productions}}</ref>

==List of books<ref name="List of books">{{cite book|author1=Satish Kumar Verma|title=Monograph on Dr. Harcharan Singh|date=2014|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-260-4593-8|pages=36–39|edition=1st|language=Punjabi|chapter=List of Books}}</ref><ref name="List of Books - Upto 1974">{{cite book|editor1-last=Singh Ghuman|editor1-first=Kapoor|editor2-last=Singh Kasail|editor2-first=Kirpal|editor3-last=Singh Lamba|editor3-first=Gobind|title=Dr. Harcharan Singh - Life History|date=1974|publisher=Language Dept. Govt. of Punjab|location=Bhasha Bhavan Patial India|pages=1–2|language=Punjabi|chapter=List of Books - Old}}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No. !! First published in !! Book title !! Publisher !! ISBN
|-
| 1 || 1937 || Kamla Kumari || Self Published || NA
|-
| 2 || 1938 || Raja Porus || Self Published ||NA
|-
| 3 || 1939 || Dur Durade Shahron || Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana || NA
|-
| 4 || 1941 || Anjorh || NA || NA
|-
| 5 || 1943 || Khedan De Din Chaar || NA || NA
|-
| 6 || 1949 || Dosh || Punjabi Publisher, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 7 || 1953 || Ratta Sallu || Aarsi Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 8 || 1954 || Tera Ghar So Mera Ghar || Sundar Pustak Bhandhar, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 9 || 1955 || Punia Da Chan || Punjabi Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 10 || 1961 || Shobha Shakti || Aarsi Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 11 || 1966 || Chamkaur Di Garhi || Singh Brothers, Amritsar || NA
|-
| 12 || 1969 || Mitti Dhundh Jag Chanan Hoa || Singh Brothers, Amritsar || NA
|-
| 13 || 1971 || Kal Ajj Te Bhalak || Navyug Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 14 || 1973 || Lehande Da Noor (Poetic Drama) || Punjabi Pyare Publisher, Chandigarh ||NA
|-
| 15 || 1974 || Samaaj De Tham || NA || NA
|-
| 16 || 1975 || Hind Di Chaddar || Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana || NA
|-
| 17 || 1977 || Dekh Kabira Roya || Singh Brothers, Amritsar || NA
|-
| 18 || 1979 || Sahit Te Sabhyachar De Ambar Tare || Aarsi Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 19 || 1980 || Maseeha Suli Te Muskuraya || Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana || NA
|-
| 20 || 1981 || Rani Jindhan || Aarsi Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 21 || 1983 || Kamagata Maru || Raghbir Rachna Publishers, Chandigarh || NA
|-
| 22 || 1984 || Ambar Kala || NA || NA
|-
| 23 || 1989 || Aag Bujao || Singh Brothers, Amritsar || NA
|-
| 24 || 1992 || Shubh Karman Te Kabhu Na Tro || Singh Brothers, Amritsar || 81-7205-090-9
|-
| 25 || 1995 || Mitti Puche Ghumiar Toh || Navyug Publishers, New Delhi ||81-86216-70-7
|-
| 26 || 2004 || Guru Maneo Granth || NA || NA
|-
| 27 || 2005 || Jene Lahor Nahin Dekhea (Stories) || Tarlochan Publishers, Chandigarh || 81-7914-120-9
|-
| 28 || 2006 || Udhala (Stories) || Tarlochan Publishers, Chandigarh || 81-7914-135-7
|-
| 29 || 1960 || Murkhe Di Khusboo (One Act Play) || Ludhiana Book Shop, Ludhiana || NA
|-
| 30 || NA || Marhian Di Puja || NA || NA
|-
| 31 || NA || Khet De Baney || NA || NA
|-
| 32 || 1997 || Baapu Di Ghorhi || Punjabi University, Patiala || 81-7380-262-9
|-
| 33 || NA || Kanchan Matti || NA || NA
|-
| 34 || 1972 || Zafarnama (One Act Play) || Singh Brothers, Amritsar || 81-7205-104-2
|-
| 35 || NA || Sirhand Di Kand || NA || NA
|-
| 36 || 1940 || Jeevan Leela || Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana || NA
|-
| 37 || 1943 || Sipiyan (Stories) || Punjabi Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 38 || 1957 || Meri Chonvi Ikangi || Sundar Pustak Bhandar, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 39 || 1979 || Che Rang (Collection of One Act Plays) || Singh Brothers, Amritsar || NA
|-
| 40 || 1944 || Panj Geetrha || P.S. Datta, Lahore || NA
|-
| 41 || 1942 || Sapt Rishi (Collection of One Act Plays) || Lahore Book Shop, Lahore || NA
|-
| 42 || 1989 || Meri Pratinidh Rachna || Punjabi University, Patiala || NA
|-
| 43 || 1988 || Meri Sahitik Save-Keevni || Punjabi University, Patiala || NA
|-
| 44 || 1979 || Natak Kala Te Mera Anubhav || Language Dept. Govt of Punjab || NA
|-
| 45 || 1964 || Punjabi Sahit Dhara || Surjit Book Depot, New Delhi || NA
|-
| 46 || 1977 || Meri Chonvi Kahaniyan || Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana || NA
|-
| 47 || NA || Naat Kala Te Hor Lekh || Pepsu Book Depot, Patiala || NA
|-
| 48 || 1971 || Eshwar Chandan Nanda || Punjabi University, Patiala || NA
|-
| 49 || 1972 || Punjabi Vartak Da Janam Te Vikas || Pepsu Book Depot, Patiala || NA
|-
| 50 || 1949 || Sanjha Raaj (Collection of One Act Plays) || Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana || NA
|-
| 51 || 1955 || Navi Saver || Punjabi Publishers, New Delhi || NA
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Harcharan}}
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Punjabi]]
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Punjabi University]]
[[Category:Sangeet Natak Akademi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Harbans Singh

2023-10-03T15:39:40Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{EngvarB|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
[[File:Photograph of professor Harbans Singh.jpg|thumb|Harbans Singh]]
'''Harbans Singh''' (6 March 1921 – 30 May 1998) was an educationist, administrator, scholar and the editor-in-chief of the ''Encyclopaedia of Sikhism''. He was respected for his contributions to Sikh scholarship and Punjabi literary studies and had a vital and pervasive influence in the field of religious studies, with special reference to Sikhism.<ref name="Singh1992">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Dharam|title=Souvenir Professor Harbans Singh|year=1992|publisher=Shromani Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee|location=Amritsar}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Harbans Singh was born on 6 March 1921 in the village of Kotha Guru in the [[Bathinda]] district of the [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]]. His mother, Roop Kaur, belonged to the Sodhi family and traced her ancestry to the [[Hari Singh Nalwa]] clan. She deeply influenced his religious sensibilities. He received his schooling at Khalsa Secondary School at [[Muktsar]]. Thereafter, much to the disappointment of his parents, he refused to attend Medical School, and joined the [[Khalsa College, Amritsar|Khalsa College]] in [[Amritsar]], where he became president of the Khalsa College Students Association, Editor of the Darbar, and president of the Khalsa College Hockey Club. He received both his undergraduate and graduate degrees from this premier Sikh institute. The college authorities were so familiar with his academic potential that they offered him his first academic position even before his exam results were out. Harbans Singh started his career as a lecturer of English at the Khalsa College in Amritsar in 1943.<ref name="Singh1992" /> His daughter, Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh, is Crawford Professor of Religious Studies at [[Colby College]] in Maine, USA.

== Early career ==
In 1944 he joined the Brijindra College at [[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot]] as head of the department of English.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Roopinder|title=Prof. Harbans Singh: A Gentleman Scholar|url=http://www.roopinder.com/prof-harbans-singh-a-gentleman-scholar/|accessdate=11 July 2013|newspaper=The Tribune|year=1994}}</ref> Soon thereafter the Maharaja of Faridkot took him on lien from the Punjab State Education department. He wrote his first book on the history of the State of Faridkot depicting its rulers’ sponsorship and enshrinement of Sikh traditions. During that initial phase he also wrote a history of the Sikh rule under Maharaja Ranjit Singh – the first major book on the Maharaja and his times by a scholar other than the European travelers and political observers. In 1958 he rejoined his position with the Punjab State Education Department and became Principal of Government College, Muktsar. During his tenure he wrote his book on Aspects of Punjabi Literature.

== Creation of the Punjabi University ==
In 1960 he became the Member-Secretary of the Punjabi University Commission with Maharaja Yadvindra Singh of Patiala as the president. The commission was instrumental for creating the Punjabi University to advance Punjabi language, literature, and culture. The Hebrew University in Israel is the only other University founded on language. Though extremely busy with the administrative demands of the growing University, he kept up with his scholarship, writing important books, including ''Guru Gobind Singh'' (which was translated into 14 Indian languages)<ref>{{cite news|last=Talib|first=G. S.|title=book review of Harbans Singh's biography of Guru Gobind Singh|newspaper=The Spokesman|date=3 July 1967}}</ref> and ''The Heritage of the Sikhs'' (one of the most popular of his titles, which went to several editions with significant additions and revisions). In 1964 he was invited by the United States Government to study the administrative functioning and educational system of universities in the US. He compiled his impressions of this visit in the form of a book ''Higher Education in America'' (1966), which has been appreciated for its informative and educative value and its insights on continuing education – this last became the cornerstone of the Evening Studies program at the Punjabi University.

== Pioneer for the academic study of religion ==
Harbans Singh spent the 1968–69 academic year at the Center for World Religions at Harvard. It was here that he prepared a biography of Guru Nanak entitled ''Guru Nanak and Origins of the Sikh Faith'' (1969) to mark the five hundredth anniversary of the birth of the Guru.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Harbans|title=Guru Nanak and Origins of the Sikh Faith|url=https://archive.org/details/gurunanakorigins0000sing|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Asia Publishing House|location=Bombay}}</ref> Upon his return to the Punjabi University, he played a vital role in the establishment of a full-fledged department of the academic study of religion. He became the founder chair of the first department of religious studies in India that offered courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It reflected the best modalities of this kind of study in American and European universities. Called the Guru Gobind Singh Department of Religious Studies, it was established by the Punjabi University to commemorate the quincentenary of the Guru's birth.<ref name="Singh1992" />

For the celebrations Harbans Singh arranged an international seminar on Guru Nanak (September 1969). He then published the proceedings of the seminar in a volume entitled ''Perspectives on Guru Nanak'' (1975). In collaboration with Dr. L.M. Joshi he published ''An Introduction to Indian Religions'' (1973) to serve as a textbook for the first-year undergraduate students. In 1969 he also launched a biannual Journal of Religious Studies and became its founder-Editor.

During his tenure as Professor of Sikh Studies and Head of the Department of Religious Studies, he hosted many international conferences and brought distinguished scholars to the Punjabi University. He also travelled extensively, lecturing on different facets of Sikhism in Japan, Belgium, the Netherlands, England, Ireland, and the US. The series of lectures that he delivered at Berkeley at the invitation of its university in May 1984 were published in a book, ''The Berkeley Lectures on Sikhism.'' He was an active member of the [[Religions for Peace|World Conference on Religion and Peace]], and he also joined the International Consultation in Search of Non-Violent Alternatives in Derry, Northern Ireland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Nikky-Guninder Kaur|title=Birth of the Khalsa: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity|year=2005|publisher=SUNY|location=Albany|page=xii-xv}}</ref> All through he kept up with his scholarship in Sikh history and literature by writing books, contributing articles to journals and newspapers, translating Punjabi authors like Bhai Vir Singh, Amrita Pritam, and Ajeet Cour into English, and editing collections of short-stories, essays, and conference papers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Nikky-Guninder Kaur|title=Remembering Professor Harbans Singh|newspaper=The Tribune|year=2008}}</ref> His book on [[Bhai Vir Singh]], which first appeared in "[[Makers of Indian Literature]]" series sponsored by the Sahitya Akademy, was republished posthumously in Punjabi by the Bhai Vir Singh Sadan in New Delhi. Harbans Singh wrote an autobiographical essay in Punjabi after losing his beloved wife Kailash Kaur.

== Finale ==
The culmination of his life was the momentous ''Encyclopaedia of Sikhism'', the first in the English language. This comprehensive work covers different aspects of Sikh history, literature, and philosophy.<ref name=eos/> The four-volume set was released by the Prime Minister of India on 5 March 1999 at New Delhi in a special function.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjabiuniversity.ac.in/pbiuniweb/pages/research/research1.html|title=Professor Harbans Singh Department|date=1999|publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala|accessdate=28 December 2016}}</ref> Though Harbans Singh suffered a paralytic stroke, he received an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from [[Guru Nanak Dev University]], and continued working on his project until his death on 30 May 1998. He was also honored by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|Shiromani Gurdwara Committee]] on 17 August 1992, at a function at his residence in Punjabi University where the SGPC president, Jathedar Gurcharan Singh Tohra, bestowed a siropa on him in the presence of Mr Parkash Singh Badal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Roopinder|title=Prof. Harbans Singh: A Gentleman Scholar|url=http://www.roopinder.com/prof-harbans-singh-a-gentleman-scholar/|accessdate=11 July 2013|newspaper=The Tribune}}</ref> During the Khalsa Tercentenary Celebrations in 1999, he was posthumously invested with the "Order of the Khalsa." The Punjabi University honored him by prefixing his name "Professor Harbans Singh" to the Department of the Encyclopedia of Sikhism to which he had totally dedicated himself during the last decades of his life. This full-fledged Department will continue to ensure that the Encyclopaedia of Sikhism is made available in Punjabi and is constantly revised and updated. An online version is published on the internet by Punjabi University.<ref name=eos>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |access-date=28 December 2016}}</ref> Essays in Honour of Professor Harbans Singh were published by Dr. Dharam Singh entitled Sikhism and Secularism.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Dharam|title=Sikhism and Secularism: Essays in Honour of Professor Harbans Singh|year=1994|publisher=Harman Publishing|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Harbans Singh was a sage-like figure who worked away from the limelight, selflessly pursuing his literary and scholarly interests.

== Publications ==
* Maharaja Ranjit Singh
* Aspects of Punjabi Literature
* Heritage of the Sikhs
* Higher Education in America
* Guru Gobind Singh (translated into 14 Indian languages)
* Guru Nanak and Origins of the Sikh Faith
* Perspectives on Guru Nanak
* Punjab Past and Present: Essays in Honour of Dr. Ganda Singh (with N.G. Barrier)
* Approaches to the Study of Religion
* Bhai Vir Singh ([[Makers of Indian Literature]] Series) (also translated into Punjabi)
* An Introduction to Indian Religions (with Dr. L.M. Joshi)
* Guru Tegh Bahadur
* Mahindi and Other Short Stories
* Sada Virsa
* Four Volume Encyclopedia of Sikhism

==References==
{{Reflist|40em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Harbans}}
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:People from Bathinda]]

Gurinder Sandhu

2023-10-03T15:39:31Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|Australian cricketer}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Gurinder Sandhu
| fullname = Gurinder Singh Sandhu
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|06|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Blacktown]], [[New South Wales]], Australia
| nickname =
| heightcm = 196<ref name="cricket.com.au">{{cite web|title=Gurinder Sandhu|url=http://www.cricket.com.au/players/gurinder-sandhu/by_lh695A0CqwjjE9EJtNg|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=[[Cricket Australia]]|access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref>
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]

| international = true
| country = Australia
| internationalspan = 2015
| odidebutdate = 18 January
| odidebutyear = 2015
| odidebutagainst = India
| odicap = 206
| lastodidate = 23 January
| lastodiyear = 2015
| lastodiagainst = England
| odishirt = 28

| club1 = [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2012/13–2017/18}}
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Sydney Thunder]]
| year2 = 2012/13–2019/20
| clubnumber2 =
| club3 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| year3 = 2015
| clubnumber3 =
| club5 = [[Tasmania cricket team|Tasmania]]
| year5 = 2018/19–2019/20
| clubnumber5 =
| club6 = [[Sydney Sixers]]
| year6 = 2020/21
| clubnumber6 =
| club7 = [[Queensland cricket team|Queensland]]
| year7 = 2021/22–present
| clubnumber7 =

| columns = 4

| column1 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches1 = 2
| runs1 = –
| bat avg1 = –
| 100s/50s1 = –
| top score1 = –
| deliveries1 = 120
| wickets1 = 3
| bowl avg1 = 35.66
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/49
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

| column2 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches2 = 45
| runs2 = 797
| bat avg2 = 16.26
| 100s/50s2 = 0/2
| top score2 = 97[[Not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 7,556
| wickets2 = 117
| bowl avg2 = 30.73
| fivefor2 = 4
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 6/57
| catches/stumpings2 = 19/–

| column3 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches3 = 65
| runs3 = 270
| bat avg3 = 12.85
| 100s/50s3 = 0/1
| top score3 = 51
| deliveries3 = 3,309
| wickets3 = 124
| bowl avg3 = 22.98
| fivefor3 = 2
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 7/56
| catches/stumpings3 = 18/–

| column4 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches4 = 68
| runs4 = 83
| bat avg4 = 9.22
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 20[[Not out|*]]
| deliveries4 = 1,333
| wickets4 = 69
| bowl avg4 = 26.11
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 4/22
| catches/stumpings4 = 18/–

| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/499660.html ESPNcricinfo
| date = 20 December
| year = 2022
|year8=2021/22–present|club8=[[Sydney Thunder]]}}

'''Gurinder Singh Sandhu''' (born 14 June 1993) is an Australian international cricketer who plays for [[Queensland cricket team|Queensland]] in Domestic cricket.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/499660.html Gurinder Sandhu – Cricinfo profile]</ref> He played for the [[Australia Under-19 cricket team]] in the [[2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/squad/575973.html ICC Under-19 World Cup 2012 / Australia squad]</ref> Sandhu made his senior cricket debut for the [[Sydney Thunder]] in the [[2011–12 Big Bash League season]]. He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] and [[First-class cricket]] debut for [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]] at the end of the 2012–2013 Australian cricket season.

Sandhu, born in [[Blacktown, New South Wales]], is the first male cricketer of [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian descent]] to represent Australia in an international tournament.<ref name="indianexpress">[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/indian-origin-teen-sensation-gurinder-sandhu-set-to-help-oz-under19-team/991592 Indian origin teen sensation Gurinder Sandhu set to help Oz under-19 team]</ref>{{efn|Two Indian–born [[Caucasian race|Caucasian]] Australians have previously played Test cricket for Australia, [[Bransby Cooper]] in the first ever Test match and [[Rex Sellers (cricketer)|Rex Sellers]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cricketbadger.com/2015/01/gurinder-sandhu-not-the-first-aussie-selected-of-indian-origin/|title=Gurinder Sandhu not the first Aussie selected of Indian origin|date=15 January 2015|access-date=18 January 2015|archive-date=15 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515140346/http://cricketbadger.com/2015/01/gurinder-sandhu-not-the-first-aussie-selected-of-indian-origin|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Stuart Clark]] is also of Anglo-Indian ancestry.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/05/08/stories/2006050800290500.htm|title=The Clarks and the Booseys|date=8 May 2006|author=S. Muthaih|access-date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803014724/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/05/08/stories/2006050800290500.htm|archive-date=3 August 2009|url-status=usurped}}</ref>}} His parents emigrated to Australia in the 1980s.<ref name="Coverdale">{{cite web|last=Coverdale|first=Brydon| author-link = Brydon Coverdale|title=Emerging Sandhu wins another award| url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/629526.html|work=ESPNCricinfo.com|access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> In March 2013, Sandhu was voted the [[Australian Cricketers' Association]] player of the month.<ref name="Coverdale" />

It was announced on 26 April 2018 that Sandhu had signed for [[Tasmania cricket team|Tasmania]] for the upcoming season, ending a five-year stint with New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://crickettas.com.au/news/gurinder-sandhu-signs-with-cricket-tasmania/2018-04-26 |title=Gurinder Sandhu Signs With Cricket Tasmania |work=Cricket Tasmania |access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref>

==Domestic career==

Sandhu played three games for [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]] in the [[2017–18 JLT One-Day Cup]], taking 5 wickets but conceding 6.13 runs per over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12012;team=438;type=tournament|title=Records / JLT One-Day Cup, 2017/18 – New South Wales / Batting and bowling averages|access-date=30 October 2017|website=ESPNcricinfo.com|publisher=[[ESPN Inc.]]}}</ref> His best performance of the tournament came against [[Western Australia cricket team|Western Australia]], when he took 4 wickets for 57 runs in a 9-run loss.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8626/report/1118571/|title=Labuschagne penalised under new 'fake fielding' rule|date=29 September 2017|access-date=30 October 2017|website=ESPNcricinfo.com|publisher=[[ESPN Inc.]]}}</ref>

==International career==

He made his senior international debut for Australia in a [[One Day International]] against [[India national cricket team|India]] at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] in January 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2015/01/18/sandhu-debut-india-bat-odi|date=18 January 2015|title=Sandhu to debut, India to bat in ODI|agency=Australian Associated Press}}</ref> He had limited success in the series and played no further games for [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]].

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cricinfo|id=499660}}
* {{Twitter}}

{{Queensland Bulls squad}}
{{Sydney Thunder current squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandhu, Gurinder}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Australian cricketers]]
[[Category:Australia One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Sydney]]
[[Category:Sydney Thunder cricketers]]
[[Category:New South Wales cricketers]]
[[Category:Australian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Delhi Capitals cricketers]]
[[Category:Tasmania cricketers]]
[[Category:Sydney Sixers cricketers]]

Gurinder Gill

2023-10-03T15:39:20Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Indo-Canadian rapper-singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Gurinder Gill
| birth_name = Gurinderbir Singh Gill
| alias = GG <ref>{{Cite web |title=GG (@gurindergill96) • Instagram photos and videos |url=https://www.instagram.com/gurindergill96/ |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=www.instagram.com |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| origin =
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
* [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]
* [[trap music|trap]]
}}
| occupations = {{hlist|Singer|rapper|songwriter}}
| instrument = Vocals
| years_active = 2019–present
| label = [[Run-Up Records]]
| current_member_of = Run-Up
| current_members = AP Dhillon Shinda Kahlon
| website = 
}}

'''Gurinderbir Singh Gill''' is an Indo-Canadian singer and rapper associated with [[Punjabi music]]. His numerous tracks charted on [[UK Asian Music Chart|UK Asian]] and Punjabi music charts by [[Official Charts Company]]; "Majhail" and "Brown Munde" have topped the charts. Gill released his debut EP ''Not by Chance'' in December 2020. Gurinder, alongside his label-mates [[AP Dhillon]], [[Shinda Kahlon]] and Gminxr works as trio under their label [[Run-Up Records]].

== Career ==

Gill started his career in 2019 with singles "Faraar" and "Feels". His single "Droptop", with [[AP Dhillon]] entered UK Asian chart by [[Official Charts Company]], and peaked at number 28.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20200717/asian/|access-date=26 November 2020|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en}}</ref> Also, the song entered top 10 on UK Punjabi chart.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20200719/punjabi/|access-date=26 November 2020|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en}}</ref> In June 2020, he collaborated with AP Dhillon and Manni Sandhu for single "Majhail", which topped both the UK Asian and Punjabi charts, and became their best performance till date.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/|access-date=26 November 2020|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en}}</ref> In July 2020, he appeared in "Excuses" by Intense, which peaked at number 3 on UK Asian and topped the UK Punjabi chart.<ref name=":14" /> In September 2020, he released "Brown Munde" with Dhillon, Gminxr, and Shinda Kahlon. [[Nav (rapper)|Nav]], [[Sidhu Moose Wala]], Money Musik, and [[Steel Banglez]] appeared in its music video.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumari|first=Priyanca|date=18 September 2020|title=Breaking Boundaries: Sidhu Moose Wala and Steel Banglez Cameo in 'Brown Munde'|url=https://britasia.tv/breaking-boundaries-sidhu-moose-wala-steel-banglez-cameo-in-brown-munde/|access-date=26 November 2020|website=BritAsia TV|language=en-GB}}</ref> The song entered [[Apple Music]] chart in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Top 100: Canada|url=https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-canada/pl.79bac9045a2540e0b195e983df8ba569|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919131834/https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-canada/pl.79bac9045a2540e0b195e983df8ba569|archive-date=19 September 2020|access-date=19 September 2020|website=[[Apple Music]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> The song debuted at number one on UK Asian chart, became his second number one on the chart.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20201113/asian/|access-date=26 November 2020|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Discography ==

=== Studio albums ===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:13em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:19.5em;" | Album details
! scope="col"| Peak chart positions
|-
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=5596|title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=19 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''Hard Choices''
|
* Released: 9 June 2023
* Label: Run-Up Records
* Music: Gminxr, Money Musik
* Format: [[Music download|Digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| 34
|}

=== Extended plays ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" style="width:14em;" rowspan="2" | Title
! scope="col" style="width:19em;" rowspan="2" | Details
! scope="col"| Peak chart positions
|-
! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]] <ref>{{cite magazine|title=Gurinder Gill Chart History: Canadian Albums|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/gurinder-gill/chart-history/CNA|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=14 January 2021}}{{dead link|date=December 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''Not By Chance'' (with AP Dhillon & Money Musik)
|
* Released: 23 December 2020
* Label: Run-Up
* Format: [[Music download|Digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| 63<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Billboard Canadian Albums Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums|access-date=14 January 2021|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''Hidden Gems'' (with AP Dhillon & Gminxr)
|
* Released: 21 November 2021
* Label: Run-Up
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| —
|}

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" |Title
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Year
! colspan="5" |Peak chart positions
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Music
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ Hot]] <ref name="nztop40.co.nz">Peaks on the NZ Hot Singles Chart:
* "Fate", "Takeover", "Chances" and "Goat": {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4999|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=4 January 2021|accessdate=2 January 2021}}
* "Wake Up", "Network", "Breathe" and "4 Bakyian": {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5596|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=19 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | [[Hits of the World|IND]]
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | [[Official Charts Company#Chart synopsis|UK Asian]]
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | UK Punjabi
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | [[Billboard charts|WW (Triller)]]
|-
! scope="row"|"Faraar" {{small|(with [[Shinda Kahlon]])}}
| 2019
| — || — || — || 11<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20210627/punjabi/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>|| —
| [[AP Dhillon]]
| rowspan="10" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row"|"Feels" {{small|(with [[AP Dhillon]])}}
| rowspan="15"|2020
| — || — || — || — || —
| rowspan="2"| Gminxr
|-
! scope="row"|"Most Wanted" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Kirsaan" {{small|(with AP Dhillon and Gminxr)}}
| — || — || — || — || —
| Gminxr & S-Kay
|-
! scope="row"|"Don't Test"
| — || — || — || — || —
| rowspan="2"| Gminxr
|-
! scope="row"|"Droptop" {{small|(with AP Dhillon and Gminxr)}}
| — || — || 28 || 8 || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Majhail" {{small|(with AP Dhillon & [[Manni Sandhu]])}}
| — || — || 1 || 1 || —
| [[Manni Sandhu]]
|-
! scope="row"|"Excuses" {{small|(with Intense and AP Dhillon)}}
| — || 4 || 3 || 1<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20200802/punjabi/|access-date=10 August 2020|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en}}</ref> || —
| Intense
|-
! scope="row"|"Free Smoke" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| — || — || — || — || —
| Manu
|-
! scope="row"|"Brown Munde" {{small|(with AP Dhillon, Gminxr & Shinda Kahlon)}}
| — || — || 1 || 1 || 3
| Gminxr
|-
! scope="row"|"Foreigns" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| — || — || 2 || 2 || —
| rowspan="6" | Money Musik || rowspan="6" | ''Not By Chance''
|-
! scope="row"|"Goat" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| 21 || — || 2 || 3 || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Fate" {{small|(with AP Dhillon and Shinda Kahlon)}}
| 33 || — || — || 5 || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Takeover" {{small|(with AP Dhillon and [[AR Paisley]])}}
| 28 || — || — || 10 || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Chances" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| 29 || — || — || 3 || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Drip" {{small|(with AP Dhillon and Duvy)}}
| — || — || — || 13 || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Insane" {{small|(with AP Dhillon, Gminxr & Shinda Kahlon)}}
| rowspan="6"|2021
| 10 || — || 1 || — || —
| Gminxr & PVLI
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row"|"Against All Odds" {{small|(with Shinda Kahlon, Gminxr and AP Dhillon )}}
| — || — || — || — || —
| rowspan="2"| Gminxr
| rowspan="5"| ''Hidden Gems''
|-
! scope="row"|"Majhe Alle" {{small|(with [[Shinda Kahlon]], Gminxr & AP Dhillon)}}
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row"|"Tere Te" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| 32 || — || 4 || — || —
| rowspan="2"| AP Dhillon
|-
! scope="row"|"Desires" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| 22 || — || 3 || — || —
|-
! scope="row"|"War" {{small|(with AP Dhillon)}}
| — || — || — || — || —
| Manu
|-
! scope="row"| "Wake Up"
| rowspan="8" | 2023
| 20 || — || 6<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/ |access-date=20 June 2023 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>|| 5<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20230611/punjabi/ |access-date=20 June 2023 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>|| —
|Manu/Muddy
| rowspan="7" | ''Hard Choices''
|-
! scope="row"| "Network"
| 29 || — || 10 || 6 || —
|Sach
|-
! scope="row"| "Breathe"
| 36 || — || 9 || 7 || —
|Money Musik & Manu
|-
! scope="row"| "4 Bakyian" (with Money Musik)
| 37 || — || — || 12 || —
| Money Musik
|-
! scope="row" | Forever (with Gminxr)
|—
|—
|—
|13
|—
|Gminxr & Deep
|-
! scope="row" | Lonestar (with Gminxr)
|—
|—
|—
|16
|—
| rowspan="2" |Gminxr
|-
! scope="row" | "Moments" (with Gminxr)
| — || — || — || 17 || —
|-
! scope="row" | Times Up
|—
|
|—
|
|
|Manu, GG & Sach
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Gurinder}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian hip hop singers]]
[[Category:Canadian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Canadian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Canadian hip hop singers]]
[[Category:Desi musicians]]
[[Category:Punjabi rappers]]

Gobind Singh Deo

2023-10-03T15:39:06Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|Malaysian politician and lawyer}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{distinguish||text = [[Guru Gobind Singh]], the Sikh religious leader}}
{{Indian name|Gobind Singh Deo|Karpal Singh}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Malay titles|Yang Berhormat Tuan]]
| name = Gobind Singh Deo
| native_name = {{nobold|ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਿਓ}}
| native_name_lang = pa
| honorific-suffix = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| image = Gobind Singh Deo - Global Conference for Media Freedom (48256794802) (cropped).jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Gobind Singh Deo s/o Karpal Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|06|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]
| residence =
| citizenship = [[Malaysian people|Malaysian]]
| death_date =
| death_place =

| office = [[Minister of Communications and Multimedia (Malaysia)|Minister of Communications and Multimedia]]
| monarch = [[Muhammad V of Kelantan|Muhammad V]] {{small|(2018–2019)}} [[Abdullah of Pahang|Abdullah]] {{small|(2019–2020)}}
| primeminister = [[Mahathir Mohamad]]
| term_start = 21 May 2018
| term_end = 24 February 2020
| deputy = [[Eddin Syazlee Shith]]
| predecessor = [[Salleh Said Keruak]]
| successor = [[Saifuddin Abdullah]]
| constituency = [[Puchong (federal constituency)|Puchong]]

| constituency_MP2 = [[Damansara (Selangor federal constituency)|Damansara]]
| parliament2 = Malaysian
| term_start2 = 19 November 2022
| term_end2 =
| majority2 = 124,619 ([[2022 Malaysian general election|2022]])
| predecessor2 = [[Tony Pua|Tony Pua Kiam Wee]] ([[Pakatan Harapan|PH]]–[[Democratic Action Party|DAP]])
| successor2 =

| constituency_MP3 = [[Puchong (federal constituency)|Puchong]]
| parliament3 = Malaysian
| term_start3 = 8 March 2008
| term_end3 = 19 November 2022
| majority3 = 19,972 ([[2008 Malaysian general election|2008]]) 32,802 ([[2013 Malaysian general election|2013]]) 47,635 ([[2018 Malaysian general election|2018]])
| predecessor3 = Lau Yeng Peng ([[Barisan Nasional|BN]]–[[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|GERAKAN]])
| successor3 = [[Yeo Bee Yin]] (PH–DAP)

| party = [[Democratic Action Party]] (DAP)
| otherparty = [[Pakatan Rakyat]] (PR) {{small|(2008–2015)}} [[Pakatan Harapan]] (PH) {{small|(since 2015)}}
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| profession = [[Lawyer]]
| relations = [[Jagdeep Singh Deo]] (brother) [[Ramkarpal Singh]] (brother)
| spouse = Sangeeta Kaur Sidhu
| children = Jaydn Jhan Karpal Singh Deo
Kheeshan Karpal Singh Deo
Kayden Karpal Singh Deo
Neshaan Karpal Singh Deo
| alma_mater = [[University of Warwick]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
| parents = [[Karpal Singh]] Gurmit Kaur
| website = {{url|http://gobindsinghdeo.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Gobind Singh Deo s/o Karpal Singh''' ({{lang-pa|ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਿਓ|Gobind Siṅgh Dio}}; born 19 June 1973) is a [[Malaysian people|Malaysian]] [[politician]] and [[lawyer]] who has served as the [[Dewan Rakyat|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Damansara (federal constituency)|Damansara]] since November 2022. He served as the [[Minister of Communications and Multimedia (Malaysia)|Minister of Communications and Multimedia]] in the [[Pakatan Harapan]] (PH) administration under former Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]] from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020 and the MP for [[Puchong (federal constituency)|Puchong]] from March 2008 to November 2022. He is a member and National Deputy Chairman of the [[Democratic Action Party]] (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly [[Pakatan Rakyat]] (PR) coalitions. Known as the "Little Lion of Puchong",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenutgraph.com/theres-no-democracy-in-parliament/|title="There's no democracy in Parliament" - The Nut Graph|website=www.thenutgraph.com|date=11 June 2009}}</ref> he is the son of the late DAP leader [[Karpal Singh]], who was known as the "Tiger of Jelutong". His brothers [[Ramkarpal Singh]] and [[Jagdeep Singh Deo]], are also DAP leaders. He also created history by becoming the first ever [[Sikh]] [[Cabinet of Malaysia|Cabinet]] minister in [[Malaysian history]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/371696/gobind-malaysias-1st-sikh-minister|title=Gobind: Malaysia's 1st Sikh minister|date=2018-05-21|work=NST Online|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life, education and early career ==
Gobind Singh was born on 19 June 1973 in [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]].

He received his [[Bachelor of Laws]] (LLB) from [[University of Warwick]].

He by profession is a law practitioner and founded his law firm Gobind Singh Deo & Co.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcakl.org.my/gobind-singh-deo-co-9331.html|title=Gobind Singh Deo & Co., Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia Legal Directory|website=www.rcakl.org.my|access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> based in Damansara, Kuala Lumpur. The firm is operated together with his members lawyers. He was admitted to the [[Malaysian Bar]] in 1996, a year after returning from [[Lincoln's Inn]].

==Political career==
===Member of Parliament (since 2008)===
[[File:Gobind_SIngh_and_Meerashini_Mahadevan_01.jpg|left|thumb|Gobind Singh signing Plaque for Trader Malaysia.]]
In the [[2008 Malaysian general election|2008 general election]], Gobind Singh made his electoral debut after being nominated by PR to contest for the Puchong federal seat. He won the seat and was elected to the [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]] as the Puchong MP for the first term after defeating Lau Yeng Peng of [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) by a majority of 19,972 votes amid a significant swing and switch of support to the opposition in Selangor.

In the [[2013 Malaysian general election|2013 general election]], Gobind Singh was renominated by PR to defend the Puchong seat. He defended the seat and was reelected to the Parliament as the Puchong MLA for the second term after defeating A. Kohillan Pillay of BN y a majority of 32,802 votes.

In the [[2018 Malaysian general election|2018 general election]], Gobind Singh was nominated by PH to defend the Puchong seat. He defended the seat and was reelected to the Parliament as the Puchong MLA for the third term after defeating Ang Chin Tat of BN and Mohamad Rosharizan Mohd Rozlan of [[Gagasan Sejahtera]] (GS) by a majority of 47,635 votes.

In the [[2022 Malaysian general election|2022 general election]], Gobind Singh was renominated by PH to contest for the Damansara federal seat instead of defending the Puchong seat. He won the seat and was reelected to Parliament as the Damansara MP for the first term after defeating Lim Si Ching of [[Perikatan Nasional]] (PN) and Tan Gim Tuan of BN by a majority of 124,619 votes.

[[File:Gobind Singh in 2023.jpg|left|thumb|Gobind Singh standing and smiling at guests at the [[2023 Selangor state election]] [[Dusun Tua (state constituency)|Dusun Tua]] DAP fundraising dinner in [[Kajang]], [[Selangor]] on 3 June 2023.]]

===Minister of Communications and Multimedia (2018–2020)===
{{main|Seventh Mahathir cabinet|Second premiership of Mahathir Mohamad}}
After PH defeated BN in the 2018 general election and resulted in the first ever [[transition of power]] in the Malaysian history, Gobind Singh was appointed as the Minister of Communication and Multimedia on 21 May 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/gobind-singh-deo-is-malaysia-s-first-sikh-minister/story-E1oFBLb96h1Jqw5vOM8PXM.html|title=Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister|date=2018-05-21|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/nri/other-news/indian-origin-sikh-man-becomes-malaysias-first-minister/amp_articleshow/64268344.cms|title=Indian-origin Sikh man becomes Malaysia's first cabinet minister - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/gobind-singh-deo-is-malaysia-s-first-sikh-minister/story-E1oFBLb96h1Jqw5vOM8PXM.html|title=Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1284409/malaysia-has-appointed-its-first-sikh-minister-gobind-singh-deo-the-little-lion-of-puchong/|title=Malaysia has appointed its first Sikh minister: the "little lion of Puchong"|author=Maria Thomas|publisher=Quartz India|date=22 May 2018}}</ref> He said The Anti-Fake News Act officially gazetted in April will be repealed. Gobind Singh also stated that the proposal to repeal the act would be presented to Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]] for swift action.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-22 |title=Anti-Fake News Act will be repealed, says Gobind |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/371756/anti-fake-news-act-will-be-repealed-says-gobind |website=New Straits Times}}</ref>

He lost the position following the collapse of the PH administration in the [[2020 Malaysian political crisis|2020 political crisis]].

=== National Deputy Chairman of the Democratic Action Party ===
At the [[2022 Democratic Action Party National Congress]] on 20 March 2022, Gobind Singh was reelected to the Central Executive Committee of DAP by 1,782 votes. He is also the candidate with the highest number of votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gobind receives highest votes in DAP polls |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/20/gobind-receives-highest-votes-in-dap-polls |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> He was then reappointed the National Deputy Chairman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-20 |title=Anthony Loke is new DAP secretary-general; Lim Guan Eng made chairman |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/anthony-loke-new-dap-secretarygeneral-lim-guan-eng-made-chairman |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=The Edge Markets}}</ref>

== Controversies and issues ==
In 2009 he was suspended from Parliament for 12 months for calling the Prime Minister, [[Najib Razak]], a "[[Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa|murderer]]" in a parliamentary debate and insulting the deputy speaker. He later won a legal challenge seeking to be paid his normal remuneration for his period of suspension.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/federal-court-orders-parliament-to-pay-gobinds-salary |title=Federal Court orders Parliament to pay Gobind's salary |date=3 November 2014 |work=The Malaysian Insider |access-date=4 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103094633/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/federal-court-orders-parliament-to-pay-gobinds-salary |archive-date=3 November 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

== Election results ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+ '''[[Dewan Rakyat|Parliament of Malaysia]]'''<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Malaysia Decides 2008
|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]
|url=http://thestar.com.my/election/
|access-date=3 January 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111075207/http://thestar.com.my/election/
|archive-date=11 January 2010
|df=dmy
}} Results only available from the [[2004 Malaysian general election|2004 election]].</ref><ref name="election results">{{cite web|url=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php |title=Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri |publisher=[[Election Commission of Malaysia]] |language=ms|access-date=26 May 2010}} Percentage figures based on total turnout.</ref><ref name="undiinfo">{{Cite web
| title = Malaysia General Election
| work = undiinfo Malaysian Election Data
| publisher = [[Malaysiakini]]
| url = http://undi.info/#
| access-date = 4 February 2017}} Results only available from the [[2004 Malaysian general election|2004 election]].</ref><ref name="PRU13">{{cite web |url=http://resultpru13.spr.gov.my/module/keputusan/paparan/paparan_laporan.php |title=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM 13|work=Sistem Pengurusan Maklumat Pilihan Raya Umum|publisher=[[Election Commission of Malaysia]]|language=ms|access-date=24 March 2017}}Results only available for the [[2013 Malaysian general election|2013 election]].</ref><ref name ="myundi pru 13">{{cite web |url=http://www.myundi.com.my/pru13/region.aspx |title=my undi : Kawasan & Calon-Calon PRU13 : Keputusan PRU13 (Archived copy) |website=www.myundi.com.my|access-date=2014-04-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331000718/http://www.myundi.com.my/pru13/region.aspx |archive-date=31 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Utusan PRU 13 results">{{cite web|url=http://ww2.utusan.com.my/utusan/special.asp?pr=PilihanRaya2013&pg=keputusan.htm|title=Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum ke-13|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|access-date=26 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321134049/http://ww2.utusan.com.my/utusan/special.asp?pr=PilihanRaya2013&pg=keputusan.htm|archive-date=21 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="GE14 results">{{cite web|url=https://keputusan.spr.gov.my/|title=SEMAKAN KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM KE - 14|publisher=[[Election Commission of Malaysia]] |language=ms|access-date=17 May 2018}} Percentage figures based on total turnout.</ref><ref name="The Star GE14">{{cite web|url=https://election.thestar.com.my/|title=The Star Online GE14|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|access-date=24 May 2018}} Percentage figures based on total turnout.</ref>
!|Year
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |Candidate
!|Votes
!|Pct
!colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballots cast
!|Majority
!|Turnout
|-
|[[2008 Malaysian general election|2008]]
| rowspan="4" |'''P103 [[Puchong (federal constituency)|Puchong]]'''
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Gobind Singh Deo'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''35,079'''
|'''59.14%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Lau Yeng Peng ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|GERAKAN]])
|align="right" |15,107
|25.47%
|59,317
|19,972
|78.44%
|-
|[[2013 Malaysian general election|2013]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} |
|{{nowrap|'''Gobind Singh Deo'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|'''DAP''']])
|align="right" |'''62,938'''
|'''66.69%'''
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|A. Kohilan Pillay ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|GERAKAN]])
|align="right" |30,136
|31.93%
|94,367
|32,802
|88.19%
|-
| rowspan=2|[[2018 Malaysian general election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Keadilan}} |
| rowspan=2| '''Gobind Singh Deo ([[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|DAP]])'''
| rowspan=2 align="right" | '''60,429'''
| rowspan=2|'''72.66%'''
| {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Ang Chin Tat ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|GERAKAN]])
| align="right" | 12,794
| 13.27%
| rowspan=2|96,437
| rowspan=2|47,635
| rowspan=2|87.47%
|-
|{{Party shading/PAS}} |
|Mohamad Rosharizan Mohd Rozlan ([[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]])
|10,255
|10.63%
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2022 Malaysian general election|2022]]
|rowspan=2|'''P106 [[Damansara (federal constituency)|Damansara]]'''
|rowspan=2 {{Party shading/PH}} |
|rowspan=2|{{nowrap|'''Gobind Singh Deo'''}} ([[Democratic Action Party|'''DAP''']])
|rowspan=2 align="right" |'''142,875'''
|rowspan=2|'''81.67%'''
|{{Party shading/Perikatan Nasional}} |
|Lim Si Ching ([[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia|GERAKAN]])
|align="right" |18,256
|10.44%
|rowspan=2|176,625
|rowspan=2|124,619
|rowspan=2|73.9%
|-
|{{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Tan Gim Tuan ([[Malaysian Chinese Association|MCA]])
|align="right" |13,806
|7.89%
|}

== See also ==
* [[Puchong (federal constituency)]]
* [[Damansara (federal constituency)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cci}}

{{Malaysia 15th FedRep}}
{{Seventh Mahathir cabinet}}
{{Pakatan Harapan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deo, Gobind Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:People from Penang]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian Sikhs]]
[[Category:20th-century Malaysian lawyers]]
[[Category:Democratic Action Party (Malaysia) politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Dewan Rakyat]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Malaysia]]
[[Category:21st-century Malaysian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Malaysian lawyers]]

Fauja Singh

2023-10-03T15:38:47Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use British English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Marathon runner and supercentenarian}}
{{For-multi|Punjab MLA|Fauja Singh Sarari|anti-Nirankari protester|Fauja Singh (Sikh leader)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Use British English|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name = Fauja Singh
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|BEM}}
| image = Fauja Singh in 2007.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Singh in 2007
| nickname = Turbaned Tornado Running Baba Sikh Superman<ref name="straits">{{cite news|last=Wee|first=Lea|title=Running gave him second wind|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|date=13 December 2012|page=24}}</ref>
| nationality = British
| birth_place = [[Beas Pind]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| yearsactive = 2000–present
| height = 1.72 m
| weight = {{convert|53|kg|lb|0}}
| country = United Kingdom
| sport = [[Marathon]]
| retired = 24 February 2013<ref name="feb2013">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Marathon-runner-Fauja-Singh-to-retire-after-one-last-run/Article1-999041.aspx | page= 169 |title=New Delhi Marathon runner Fauja Singh to retire after one last run 3rd of September |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125060049/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Marathon-runner-Fauja-Singh-to-retire-after-one-last-run/Article1-999041.aspx |archive-date=25 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/othersports/item/204074-at-101-fauja-singh-completes-his-final-marathon?pfrom=home-otherstories|title=At 101, Fauja Singh completes his final marathon|date=24 February 2013|agency=Agence France-Presse|access-date=24 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226234019/http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/othersports/item/204074-at-101-fauja-singh-completes-his-final-marathon?pfrom=home-otherstories|archive-date=26 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| updated = 26 January 2013
}}

'''Fauja Singh''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|BEM}} ({{lang-pa|ਫੌਜਾ ਸਿੰਘ}}) is a British [[Sikh]] and retired [[marathon]] runner of [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Indian people|Indian]] descent. He has beaten a number of [[Masters Athletics World Records|world records]] in multiple age brackets, but none of his times have been ratified as records. His personal best time for the [[London Marathon]] (2003) is 6 hours 2 minutes,<ref name="bbc2005">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/funny_old_game/4631111.stm|title=Life Begins at 90|first=Mark|last=Ashenden|work=BBC News|date=30 June 2005|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> and his marathon best, claimed for the 90-plus age bracket, is 5 hours 40 minutes at the alleged age of 92, at the 2003 [[Toronto Waterfront Marathon]].<ref name="express2004"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4084162.stm|title=Runner, 94, finishes capital race|work=BBC News|access-date=16 October 2011|date=12 June 2005}}</ref>

==Biography==

=== Early life ===
Fauja Singh claims to have been born in [[Beas Pind]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab region|Punjab]], [[British India]] on 1 April 1911,<ref name="express2004">{{cite news|first=Vijay|last=Rana|title=At 93, Adidas Marathon man Fauja runs with god as partner|date=19 April 2004|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/45350|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]| access-date=18 October 2011|quote="I run while talking to God."}}</ref> the youngest of four children. Singh did not walk until he was five years old. His legs were thin and weak, and he could hardly walk long distances. Because of this, he was often teased, and he was called by the nickname "danda" ({{lang-pa|ਡੰਡਾ}} for "stick") for the next ten years. As a young man, Singh was an avid amateur runner, but he gave it up at the time of the [[Partition of India]].

=== Return to running as a passion ===
It was only after witnessing the death of his fifth son, Kuldip, in a construction accident in August 1994, that Singh returned to his passion for running, in 1995. The death of his wife in 1992, and his eldest daughter who had died from complications after giving birth to his third granddaughter, gave him the determination for this new focus in life.<ref name="straits"/> He emigrated to England in the 1990s and lives with one of his sons in [[Ilford]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Age catches up with Fauja Singh|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/age-catches-up-with-fauja-singh-8508316.html|work=The Independent|access-date=22 March 2013|location=London|first=Simon|last=Turnbull|date=24 February 2013}}</ref>

At 89 years, he took seriously to running and ended up in international marathon events. When he first turned up for training at [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]], [[Essex]], he was dressed in a three-piece suit. The coach had to rework everything, including his attire. Singh ran his first race, the [[London Marathon]], in 2000.<ref name="ndtv2011"/> According to his coach, he used to run up to 20 kilometres easily and wanted to run a marathon, thinking it to be just 26 kilometres and not {{convert|26|mi|km|abbr=off}}. It was after he realised this that he began training seriously.<ref>{{cite news|first=John |last=Carney |title=Marathon man, 100, takes challenges in his stride |date=3 February 2012 |url=http://topics.scmp.com/news/hk-news-watch/article/Marathon-man-100-takes-challenges-in-his-stride |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715195945/http://topics.scmp.com/news/hk-news-watch/article/Marathon-man-100-takes-challenges-in-his-stride |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2012 |work=South China Morning Post |access-date=14 February 2012 }}</ref>

At the age of 93, Singh completed a marathon in 6 hours and 54 minutes, 58 minutes quicker than the world best for the 90-plus age bracket.<ref name="express2004"/>

In 2004, he was featured in an [[advertising campaign]] for sportswear manufacturer [[Adidas]] alongside [[David Beckham]] and [[Muhammad Ali]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The secret of the world's oldest marathon runner|date=19 October 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/19/secret-worlds-oldest-marathon-runner-100|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=14 February 2012|location=London, UK|first=Nosheen|last=Iqbal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The new face of adidas, 93 |date=30 March 2004 |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-9978399-the-new-face-of-adidas-93.do |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=14 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126113624/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-9978399-the-new-face-of-adidas-93.do |archive-date=26 January 2012}}</ref>

Singh bettered the UK records for the 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, mile and 3000 m for his, claimed, age group, all within a single 94-minute period,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.currybear.com/wordpress/?p=4239|title=The Real Singh, the Real King (Fauja Singh)|work=Curry Bear|date=April 2010|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bvaf.org.uk/oldnews.htm|title=94-year-old breaks 5 records within 94 minutes|publisher=British Masters Athletic Federation|access-date=16 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017173311/http://www.bvaf.org.uk/oldnews.htm|archive-date=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://diabetesdietdialogue.wordpress.com/2007/07/14/who-are-the-oldest-people-on-our-planet-and-why-are-they-that-healthy-part-4|title=Who Are The Oldest People on Our Planet? And, Why Are They That Healthy?|work=Diabetes Diet Dialogue|date=14 July 2007|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> but they are not currently listed as records.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mastersathletics.co.uk/uk-age-group-track-records/|title=UK Age Group Track Records|publisher=Masters Athletics UK|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

At the age of 100, Singh attempted and accomplished eight [[world records in masters athletics|world age group records]] in one day, at the special Ontario Masters Association Fauja Singh Invitational Meet, held at [[Birchmount Stadium]] in [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], [[Canada]]. Timed by officials in Canada, he ran the [[100 metres]] in 23.14, [[200 metres]] in 52.23, the [[400 metres]] in 2:13.48, the [[800 metres]] in 5:32.18, the [[1500 metres]] in 11:27.81, the [[Mile run|mile]] in 11:53.45, the [[3000 metres]] in 24:52.47, and the [[5000 metres]] in 49:57.39, setting five world records for his age group in one day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://masterstrack.com/2011/10/20285 |title=M100 Indian sets 8 world records in succession? Check ID first |publisher=Masterstrack.com |access-date=16 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031133913/http://masterstrack.com/2011/10/20285/ |archive-date=31 October 2011}}</ref> Some events had no previous record holder, as nobody over age 100 had ever attempted the distance. Some of his marks are significantly superior to the listed world record in the M95 age group as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ontariomastersathletics.ca/?p=2407|title=100 Year Old Fauja Singh Sets EIGHT World Records in a Row|publisher=Ontario Masters Athletics|date=13 October 2011|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref>

Three days later, on 16 October 2011, Singh was claimed to have become the first 100-year-old to finish a marathon, completing the [[Toronto Waterfront Marathon]] in 8:11:06.<ref>{{cite news|title=Another marathon milestone for centenarian|date=17 October 2011|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111018/main6.htm|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref> As it took him over 14 minutes after the gun to cross the starting line, the official time submitted, and declined, for the age group record was 8:25:17.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.php?lang=eng&racecode=47498&first=Fauja&last=Singh&bibnum=&page=&sortby=place&city=&sizeofpage=20&limit=2000 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910045908/http://www.sportstats.ca/display-results.php?lang=eng&racecode=47498&first=Fauja&last=Singh&bibnum=&page=&sortby=place&city=&sizeofpage=20&limit=2000 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2012 |title=Scotiabank Toronto Waterfront Marathon |publisher=Sport Stats |access-date=16 October 2011 }}</ref>

''[[Guinness World Records]]'' refused to include Singh in its record book because he could not produce his birth certificate to prove his age. Birth records were not kept in India in 1911<ref>{{cite news|title=Fauja Singh, 100, won't make Guinness|publisher=ESPN|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/7143946/guinness-certify-100-year-old-fauja-singh-marathon|agency=Associated Press|access-date=24 October 2011}}</ref> although Singh was able to produce a passport listing his date of birth as 1 April 1911, and a letter from [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] congratulating him on his 100th birthday.<ref>https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/2011/10/24/fauja-singh-marathon-no-record_n_1028410.html?ir=UK {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

In October 2011, Singh, a [[vegetarian]], became the oldest man to be featured in a [[PETA]] campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/100-year-old-marathoner-fauja-singh-becomes-petas-poster-boy/articleshow/10441985.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112010253/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-21/off-the-field/30305790_1_vegetarian-diet-peta-ad-peta-india|archive-date=12 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=100-year-old marathoner Fauja Singh becomes PETA's poster boy|date=21 October 2011}}</ref>
In July 2012, Singh carried the Olympic torch.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/london-olympics-2012/news/Fauja-Singh-101-dazzles-in-Olympic-Torch-relay/articleshow/15080036.cms|title=Fauja Singh, 101, dazzles in Olympic Torch relay|date=21 July 2012|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Singh had stated that he would retire from competitive running after taking part in the Hong Kong marathon on 24 February 2013, five weeks shy of his 102nd birthday.<ref name="feb2013"/> He completed the 10 kilometre run at the Hong Kong marathon in 1 hour 32 minutes and 28 seconds,<ref name="ndtv"/> and said that he intends to continue running for pleasure, health and charity.

Singh was awarded the [[British Empire Medal]] (BEM) in the [[2015 New Year Honours]] for services to sport and charity.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=61092|supp=y|page=N33|date=31 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/391413/New_Year_Honours_List_2015.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102104907/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/391413/New_Year_Honours_List_2015.pdf|url-status=dead|title=2015 New Year Honours List|archivedate=2 January 2015}}</ref>

Singh is {{convert|1.72|m|ftin|abbr=off}} tall and weighs {{convert|52|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. He attributes his physical fitness and longevity to abstaining from smoking and alcohol and to following a simple vegetarian diet.<ref>{{cite news|first=Lauren|last=Johnston|title=100-year-old Fauja Singh sets world record: Oldest runner to complete a marathon|date=17 October 2011|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/running_dialogue/2011/10/100-year-old-fauja-singh-sets-world-record-oldest-runner-to-complete-a-mara|work=Daily News|location=New York |access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref> He has been quoted as saying "I am very careful about different foods. My diet is simple [[phulka]], [[dal]], green vegetables, yogurt and milk. I do not touch [[paratha]]s, [[pakora]]s, rice or any other fried food. I take lots of water and tea with [[ginger]]. ... I go to bed early taking the name of my ''Rabba'' (God) as I don't want all those negative thoughts crossing my mind."<ref name="express2004"/>

Speaking about the marathon, he said: "The first 20 miles are not difficult. As for last six miles, I run while talking to God."<ref name="express2004"/>

=== Retirement from running ===
As of April 2023, Fauja no longer runs himself but still enjoys cheering on marathon runners at events.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kanthwal |first=Gaurav Kanthwal |date=30 April 2023 |title=What keeps Fauja Singh going |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/what-keeps-fauja-singh-going-503214}}</ref>

==Sikhs in the City==
He is the eldest of a group of Sikhs who call themselves "Sikhs in the City". There were three other Sikhs, aged 79, 79 and 80, in the "Golden Oldies" team which ran the Edinburgh Marathon relay in 2009.<ref name=Potter>{{cite news|first=Laura|last=Potter|title=Glad to be grey|date=20 June 2009|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2009/jun/20/fauja-singh-marathon-runners|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=14 February 2012|location=London, UK}}</ref> The SITC running group are a now a well-established team based in East London, running marathons across the world with interfaith groups and raising money for Fauja Singh's charities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sikhsinthecity.org/history-archive/|title=History of Sikhs in the City|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216084639/http://www.sikhsinthecity.org/history-archive/|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==''Turbaned Tornado''==
His biography, titled ''Turbaned Tornado'', was formally released in the Attlee Room of Britain's [[House of Lords]] on 7 July 2011 by [[Anthony Young, Baron Young of Norwood Green|Lord Anthony Young]] of Norwood Green and retired British Crown Court judge Sir [[Mota Singh]]. The book was written by [[Chandigarh]]-based columnist and writer [[Khushwant Singh]].<ref name="ndtv2011">{{cite news|title=Fauja Singh: Marathoner, poster boy, 100 yrs old|date=8 July 2011|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/fauja-singh-marathoner-poster-boy-100-yrs-old-117750|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=100-year-old Sikh marathoner's biography released in Britain|date=8 July 2011|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/100year-old-sikh-marathoners-biography-rel/814740|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref>

==Achievements==
;Running Career

*Marathons run: London (6), Toronto (2), New York (1)
*Marathon debut: London, 2000, aged 89
*London Flora Marathon 2000: 6:54
*London Flora Marathon 2001: 6:54
*London Flora Marathon 2002: 6:45
*Bupa Great North Run (Half Marathon) 2002: 2:39
*London Flora Marathon 2003: 6:02
*Toronto Waterfront Marathon 2003: '''5:40'''
*New York City Marathon 2003: 7:35
*London Flora Marathon 2004: 6:07
*Glasgow City Half Marathon 2004: 2:33
*Capital Radio Help a London Child 10,000 m 2004: 1:08
*Toronto Waterfront Half Marathon 2004: 2:29:59
*Toronto Waterfront Marathon 2011: 8:11:0
*London Marathon 2012 : 7:49:21
*Hong Kong Marathon (10 km) 2012: 1:34 (raised $25,800 for charity)<ref>{{cite news|first=Katerina|last=Nikolas|title=Oldest marathon runner 'Turbaned Torpedo' runs in HK marathon|date=6 February 2012|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/319104|work=Digital Journal|access-date=14 February 2012}}</ref>
*parkrun uk 2012 – Age graded record holder: 179.04% with a time of 38:34<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parkrun.org.uk/|title=home | parkrun UK|website=www.parkrun.org.uk}}</ref>
*Hong Kong Marathon (10 km) 2013: 1:32:28<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/othersports/item/204074-at-101-fauja-singh-completes-his-final-marathon?pfrom=home-otherstories |title=At 101, Fauja Singh completes his final marathon | Other Sports - More | NDTVSports.com |access-date=24 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226234019/http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/othersports/item/204074-at-101-fauja-singh-completes-his-final-marathon?pfrom=home-otherstories |archive-date=26 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards==
On 13 November 2003, Singh was awarded the [[Ellis Island Medal of Honor]] by the [[National Ethnic Coalition]], a US group that advocates ethnic pride and tolerance. William Fugazy, the chairman of the coalition, said Singh is a symbol of racial tolerance, and his running helps bridge the gap created by the [[11 September terrorist attacks]]. "He is the greatest inspiration," said Fugazy, and added that Singh was the first non-American to receive the honour.<ref>[http://articles.nydailynews.com/2003-11-14/news/18238551_1_sikh-religion-ellis-island-medal Osama Jeers Didn't Stop Sikh Marathon Man, 92, by Austin Fenner Daily News (New York), Friday, 14 November 2003]</ref> He was awarded the "Pride of India" title by a UK-based organisation for his achievements in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Centenarian Fauja Singh does it again|date=5 February 2012|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/Centenarian-Fauja-Singh-does-it-again/articleshow/11766409.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 February 2012}}</ref>

==Punjab elections 2012==
He attended an election rally at village Kukranwala under the Raja Sansi constituency (near Amritsar) for the [[People's Party of Punjab]] candidate, where he was reported to have extended his support for the party.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fauja Singh runs for PPP|date=24 January 2012|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/fauja-singh-runs-for-ppp/903130|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> However, the party was criticized by ''Sikhs in the City'' for the "misuse of Fauja Singh for political purposes", and for having "abused the vulnerability of an old man for its own ends".<ref>{{cite news|title=100-year-old marathoner's family miffed with political party|date=25 January 2012|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/athletics/item/184553-100-year-old-marathoners-family-miffed-with-political-party|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129011923/http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/athletics/item/184553-100-year-old-marathoners-family-miffed-with-political-party|archive-date=29 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Chardikala Run 2012==
Fauja Singh was invited as a special guest for the 2nd Annual Chardikala Run in Malaysia. The run was given a theme '101 and running' as a mark of respect for Singh. He was given a warm crowd response and was also presented with The BrandLaureate Award on stage during the closing ceremony.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

Singh was given a warm response by the people of Malaysia. He was escorted to the Chardikala Charitable Fun Run venue, Astaka in [[Petaling Jaya]], by the Malaysian Bikers Group. Singh flagged off the start of the Marathon. Fauja Singh's attitude was praised especially because he had taken part in the Standard Chartered Singapore Marathon on the same morning, yet was in full spirits meeting, greeting and being a major part of the successful CCFR 2012.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

==References==
{{More footnotes needed|date=March 2016}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/sikh-personalities/26263-fauja-singh-oldest-marathon-runner.html Passage on Fauja Singh, The Oldest Marathon Runner] (''Sikh Personalities'')
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/funny_old_game/4631111.stm "Life begins at 90"] (''[[BBC Sport]]'')
*[http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_041904a.html Biography] in ''[[The Sikh Times]]''
*[http://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/mar/23fauja.htm REDIFF article regarding ADIDAS deal]
*[http://www.sikhsinthecity.org Sikhs in the City Running Team]
*[http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?264632 Roll Over Bannister], Article in ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook magazine]]''
*{{cite news | title = Fauja Singh Reflection Healthy Living | date = 4 February 2011 | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAGcDfkJscI&feature=player_embedded | publisher = [[Sangat TV]] | access-date = 19 October 2011 | language = Punjabi | quote = Fauja Singh gives some tips on how to be healthy, happy and holy.}}
*{{cite news | title = Michael Mosley meets 101-year-old Fauja Singh | date = 6 August 2012 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00wzn5j | quote = [[BBC Horizon]]'s [[Michael J. Mosley|Michael Mosley]] interviews Fauja Singh as he becomes the world record holder for oldest marathon runner.}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Fauja}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British supercentenarians]]
[[Category:Men supercentenarians]]
[[Category:British male long-distance runners]]
[[Category:Indian male long-distance runners]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Indian male marathon runners]]
[[Category:World record holders in masters athletics]]
[[Category:Longevity claims]]
[[Category:People from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British Sikhs]]
[[Category:Indian masters athletes]]
[[Category:Recipients of the British Empire Medal]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Athletes from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Down (Jay Sean song)

2023-10-03T15:38:32Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|2009 song by Jay Sean}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Down
| cover = Jay Sean Ft. Lil Wayne - Down.jpg
| alt =
| border = yes
| type = single
| artist = [[Jay Sean]] featuring [[Lil Wayne]]
| album = [[All or Nothing (Jay Sean album)|All or Nothing]]
| released = 31 May 2009
| recorded = 2008–2009
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = {{hlist|[[Electropop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]}}
| length = {{ubl|3:32 (single version)|3:17 (without rap)}}
| label = {{hlist|Jayded|[[2Point9 Records|2Point9]]|[[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]]|[[Universal Republic Records|Universal Republic]]}}
| writer = {{hlist|[[Jay Sean|Kamaljit Jhooti]]|[[Lil Wayne|Dwayne Carter]]|[[Jared Cotter]]|[[Orange Factory Music|J-Remy]]|[[Orange Factory Music|Bobby Bass]]|[[Orange Factory Music|Jonathan Perkins]]}}
| producer = {{hlist|[[Orange Factory Music|J-Remy]]|[[Orange Factory Music|Bobby Bass]]}}
| chronology = [[Jay Sean]]
| prev_title = [[Tonight (Jay Sean song)|Tonight]]
| prev_year = 2009
| next_title = [[Written on Her]]
| next_year = 2009
| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Lil Wayne]]
| type = singles
| prev_title = [[Maybach Music 2]]
| prev_year = 2009
| title = Down
| year = 2009
| next_title = [[Forever (Drake, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and Eminem song)|Forever]]
| next_year = 2009
}}
{{External music video|{{YouTube|oUbpGmR1-QM|"Down"}}}}
}}

"'''Down'''" is a song by British singer [[Jay Sean]] featuring American rapper and labelmate [[Lil Wayne]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/7514155/Jay-Sean-and-Taio-Cruz-wowing-America.html | location=New York | work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] | title=Jay Sean and Taio Cruz wowing America | first=Neil | last=McCormick | date=24 March 2010|access-date=12 September 2011}}</ref> The song was released in North America as his debut single from his first album there, ''[[All or Nothing (Jay Sean album)|All or Nothing]]''. In other markets, including the United Kingdom, the song serves as Jay Sean's lead single from his third studio album. Produced by [[Orange Factory Music|J-Remy and Bobby Bass]], "Down" is the seventh-best selling single of 2009<ref name=Caulfield>{{cite web|title=Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle For 2009's Top-Selling Album|first=Keith|last=Caulfield|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=6 January 2010|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/960801/taylor-swift-edges-susan-boyle-for-2009s-top-selling-album|access-date=7 January 2009}}</ref> and has been certified [[List of music recording certifications|Platinum]] in several countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universalmusic.com/artist-news/cash-moneyuniversal-republic-newcomer-jay-sean-hits-one-million-platinum-single-mileston |title=Cash Money/Universal Republic Newcomer Jay Sean Hits One Million Platinum Single Milestone with Smash Debut 'Down' |publisher=Universalmusic.com |access-date=11 January 2012}}</ref> The song went on to sell six million copies in the United States<ref name="riaa"/> and received a large [[airplay]] on radio worldwide.<ref>{{YouTube|id=n1t0OxWqpp8|title=4Music 360 SESSION I Jay Sean interview in Miami I Part 1/3}}</ref><ref>{{citation|first=Silvio|last=Pietroluongo|title=Jay Sean Sends Peas Packing From Hot 100 Penthouse|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=7 October 2009|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267156/jay-sean-sends-peas-packing-from-hot-100-penthouse|access-date=1 November 2009}}</ref>

The track was released to US radio on 31 May 2009 and digital retailers on 30 June 2009. "Down" hit number one on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart in the issue dated 17 October 2009, unseating "[[I Gotta Feeling]]" by [[The Black Eyed Peas]] after their 14-week reign at number one. This made Jay Sean the first British act to score a [[List of songs by British artists which reached number-one on the Hot 100 (USA)|''Billboard'' Hot 100 number-one single]] since [[Coldplay]]'s "[[Viva la Vida]]" in 2008, and the fourth British act overall in the 2000s decade.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhansali |first=Akshay |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609331/20090415/lil_wayne.jhtml |title=Lil Wayne Gives A Boost To British R&B Star Jay Sean |work=Mtv |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=8 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423104444/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609331/20090415/lil_wayne.jhtml |archive-date=23 April 2009}}</ref> The song also made him "the first UK urban act ever to top ''Billboard''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Hot 100",<ref>{{citation|title=Jay Sean's the Urban US legend|work=Daily Mirror |location=UK|date=10 October 2009|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/10/10/jay-sean-s-the-urban-us-legend-115875-21736136/|access-date=30 September 2009}}</ref> and the first British act to have reached number one in the United States and not in the United Kingdom with a song since [[Seal (musician)|Seal]]'s "[[Kiss from a Rose]]" in 1995. It was also the best-selling single by a British and European male artist in North America since [[Elton John]]'s "[[Candle in the Wind 1997|Candle in the Wind]]" in 1997,<ref>{{cite news|title=Jay Sean: Ahead of the race|first=Nick|last=Duerden|work=The Independent |location=UK|date=6 December 2009|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/jay-sean-ahead-of-the-race-1832823.html|access-date=6 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=[[Live from Studio Five]], Episode #1.38|publisher=[[Five (TV channel)|Channel 5]]|date=4 November 2009}} (see {{YouTube|id=tvb4D3Aha0M|title=Jay Sean's Interview live from Studio 5 on Channel 5 – 04 / 11 / 2009}})</ref><ref name=streettalkin/> and the first by a [[British Asian]] artist since [[Freddie Mercury]] in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title= Freddie's the champion of Indian communities|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|first=Robin|last=Millard|date=1 December 2009|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/entertainment/music/freddies-the-champion-of-indian-communities/2009/12/01/1259429371254.html|access-date=6 December 2009}}</ref>

==History==

===Development===
On 15 October 2008, at the [[MOBO Awards]], Jay Sean announced that he had signed with the American [[hip hop music|hip hop]] record label [[Cash Money Records]]. He explained, "It's always been a dream for me to sign to an American label. And it's great to be accepted by the best in the game."<ref>{{cite web |first=Shuhel |last=Miah |url=http://www.insidedesi.com/2008/10/16/jay-sean-cash-money/ |title=Jay Sean to take on the U.S |publisher=Insidedesi.com |date=16 October 2008 |access-date=8 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019055217/http://www.insidedesi.com/2008/10/16/jay-sean-cash-money/ |archive-date=19 October 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It was rumoured that his first single in the US would be a remix of the single, "[[Tonight (Jay Sean song)|Tonight]]" featuring Lil Wayne. In fact, a remix had not been produced, but the song "Down" which originally began recording in December 2008. Jay Sean and Lil Wayne co-wrote the song with [[Jared Cotter]], [[Orange Factory Music|Jonathan Perkins, J-Remy, and Bobby Bass]]. It was also produced by J-Remy and Bobby Bass. The track was originally for ''[[My Own Way (album)|My Own Way: Deluxe Edition]]'' without Lil Wayne, alongside "War". The CEO of Cash Money [[Ronald "Slim" Williams]] liked the track, played it to Wayne and wanted Wayne to be on the track; Wayne loved it and added a new verse on the track.

Sean told MTV News that he recorded this song in 90 minutes, after which he received a call from Ronald "Slim" Williams. He recalled: "Slim called me up and was like, 'Yo, man, there's something wrong on the second verse that just doesn't sound right.' I was like, 'Really? What?' He played the song. All of a sudden I heard Wayne's [[Auto-Tune]] stuff, and I'm like, 'OK. What's going on? Right! That's Lil Wayne on my song right now!' That day was brilliant."

"The news was on, everything was depressing and we were like 'look at this man – everything's so down in the dumps. Why don't we write a song to take everyone's mind away from being down?'" explains Sean about how the track came about during a late night recording session in Miami's [[Hit Factory]] studio. According to Sean, "Wayne heard it, fell in love and dropped a verse on it," which resulted in the up-tempo summer record peppered with Wayne's gritty pipes.<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267673/breaking-and-entering-jay-sean Breaking and Entering: Jay Sean]</ref>

===After the release===
The BBC reported in 2009 that Jay Sean became "The Most Successful Male U.K. Urban artist in U.S chart history". "I want to do my best to represent the UK in America and let people really understand that it doesn't matter if we're from a little place called [[Hounslow]]. As long as you work hard and strive to do you best and make good music, and of course with a bit of luck, it is possible," Jay told the BBC.<ref>{{cite news|last=Youngs |first=Ian |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8269400.stm |title=British R&B star conquers America |work=BBC News |date=23 September 2009 |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref> The success of "Down" has also led to Sean being considered the most successful European urban artist in North America.<ref name=streettalkin>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean Live Interview with Jessie Jordan Q102 Philadelphia Jingle Ball|publisher=StreetTalkin|date=14 December 2009|url=http://streettalkin.com/streettalkin-video-jay-sean-live-interview-with-jessie-jordan-q102-philadelphia-jingle-ball|access-date=15 December 2009}}</ref>

When the track topped the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], Jay Sean was on stage with labelmate Lil Wayne, on the first night of the US rapper's London concert tour. Before he returned to the US, Jay Sean was asked, "How does it feel to have the top song of the week?", and replied, "This is insane. It's just incredible to have reached number one with my first release in America. It's difficult for me to put into words. My head is spinning. I've been grinding hard for the last seven years releasing records independently and now to have the biggest record in the USA this week. It's just a dream come true."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?116 |title=Jay Sean hits No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the UK Top 40 Chart |publisher=Jaysean.com |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071629/http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?116 |archive-date=28 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The second time the song hit number one, he was performing at ''"The Justin Timberlake and Friends Concert Benefiting Shriners Hospitals For Children"'' on 17 October 2009 with [[Justin Timberlake]].

==Music video==
The music video for "Down" was produced alongside the video for "[[Written On Her]]". The "Down" video was first shot in London on 24 April 2009, with Cash Money crew without Lil Wayne. The video was shot over two days. The Buckinghamshire mansion featured is [[Hedsor House]], an enormous private mansion and park where [[Mark Ronson]] hosted his 33rd birthday and where scenes for the feature film ''[[The Golden Compass (film)|The Golden Compass]]'' were filmed.<ref>{{cite web|author=18 mei 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNNA1dPz-64 |title=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne – Down "Behind The Scenes" |work=Youtube |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref> The video was completed in Miami, with Jay Sean heading to the US to finish the video with Lil Wayne on 20 May 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/05/21/lil-wayne-jay-sean-rock-the-down-video-shoot-in-miami/ |title=Lil Wayne, Jay Sean Rock The 'Down' Video Shoot In Miami |publisher=Newsroom.mtv.com |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newlilwayne.com/2009/06/video-jay-sean-lil-wayne-are-down-down-down-down-down/ |title=Jay Sean & Lil Wayne Are "Down, Down, Down, Down, Down" |publisher=Newlilwayne.com |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220014035/http://www.newlilwayne.com/2009/06/video-jay-sean-lil-wayne-are-down-down-down-down-down/ |archive-date=20 February 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The video features [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] model Korrina Rico as the lead lady, dancers, bright blue lights and bottles. The video was produced by Shurwin Beckford and directed by Richard Pengelley for Jayded Entertainment/Guerilla Hype/Hey Buddy and edited by Jamie Mac and Adam Wood. During the rap break, Lil Wayne is seen wearing a red T-shirt with the word 'COMMUNIST' in white capitalized letters. The prelude of his previous single "[[Ride It (Jay Sean song)|Ride It]]" can be heard in the music video as the introduction to this song.

On 23 July 2009, the video premiered on Jay Sean's YouTube page; it was the number one most viewed music video on YouTube for its first two weeks and had over 5 million views as of 24 December 2009.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 July 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_8V_RyijlI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/M_8V_RyijlI |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|title=Jay Sean – "Down" feat. Lil Wayne – OFFICIAL VIDEO HD |publisher=YouTube |access-date=24 December 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> During the week of 10 August 2009, the music video was featured as [[iTunes]]' Free Music Video of the Week. The video was added to MTV's rotation on 5 August 2009 include MTV Hits and MTV U.S.A. The video was also added to the Universal Music Group's channel where the video had more than 20 million views as of 23 November 2009.<ref>{{YouTube|id=m34xyw8E-Qs|title=Jay Sean – Down: Closed-Captioned – Clean Version}}</ref> The video was added to the Island Records channel where his UK fans can see the video, which had around 5 million views as of 20 December 2009.<ref>{{YouTube|id=pgA09CaCmB8|title=Jay Sean ft. Lil Wayne – Down}}</ref> The video was also added to the Jay Sean [[Vevo]] channel, where it has more than 300 million views as of November 2021.<ref>{{YouTube|oUbpGmR1-QM|Jay Sean – Down ft. Lil Wayne}}</ref> [[Chipmunk (rapper)|Chipmunk]] and [[Tinie Tempah]] make cameo appearances in the video.

==Reception==

===Critical reception===
The song received generally favorable reviews. Ginger Clements from ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' gave the song a positive review, stating that Jay Sean's "melodic vocals [...] resonate with impressive tonal clarity".<ref>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean Featuring Lil Wayne, "Down" – Preview|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/review/1071086/jay-sean-featuring-lil-wayne-down|access-date=7 November 2009}}</ref> ''Billboard'' gave the song a score of 91/100.<ref>{{cite web|title=Down|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jay sean|chart=all}}|access-date=7 November 2009}}</ref> Alex MacGregor of UK Mix gave the song 4 out of 5 stars, stating that it "is actually a creditable offering of world beating R&B-pop that reminds the listener of some of the better moments in [[Usher (singer)|Usher]]'s back catalogue."<ref>{{cite web|first=Alex|last=MacGregor|title=Jay Sean: "Down"|publisher=UK Mix|date=October 2009|url=http://www.ukmix.org/reviews/release.php?release_id=13871|access-date=5 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517200310/http://www.ukmix.org/reviews/release.php?release_id=13871|archive-date=17 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===In pop culture===
The song was in the "[[List of Melrose Place (2009) episodes|Canon]]" episode of ''[[Melrose Place (2009 TV series)|Melrose Place]]''.<ref>{{IMDb name|id=1915047|name=Jay Sean}}</ref> [["Weird Al" Yankovic]] covered "Down" as part of "[[Polka Face]]," the polka medley from his 2011 album ''[[Alpocalypse]]''.

"Down" has been used and covered in numerous user videos on YouTube, including a [[Breast Cancer Awareness Month|breast cancer awareness]] video by the [[Providence St. Vincent Medical Center]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital Gets 'Down' For Good Cause|publisher=[[DesiHits]]|date=19 November 2009|url=http://www.desihits.com/blog/article/hospital-gets-down-for-breast-cancer-awareness-20091119|access-date=19 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123202004/http://www.desihits.com/blog/article/hospital-gets-down-for-breast-cancer-awareness-20091119|archive-date=23 November 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital Gets Down In "Pink Glove Dance" For Breast Cancer Awareness|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=18 November 2009 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/18/hospital-gets-down-in-pin_n_362403.html|access-date=19 November 2009}}</ref> A cover version of the song was also performed on the episode 2 of ''[[The Sing-Off]]'' by the [[a cappella]] group [[Nota (group)|Nota]]. After Nota went on to win the contest during the finale, Sean himself made an appearance, performing "Down" with the group in the show's ending.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-surprises-a-cappella-group-nota-on-nbc-s-the-sing-off-20091223 |title=Jay Sean Surprises A Cappella Group Nota on NBC's The Sing-Off |publisher=Desihits.com |date=23 December 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305091939/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-surprises-a-cappella-group-nota-on-nbc-s-the-sing-off-20091223 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> DJ Bikram Keith and DJ Vix made a "Desi Remix" to "Down".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/dj-bikram-keith-remixes-jay-seans-down-20091105 |title=Jay Sean's DJ Bikram Keith and DJ Vix Remix 'Down' |publisher=Desihits.com |date=5 November 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305092520/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/dj-bikram-keith-remixes-jay-seans-down-20091105 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the [[52nd Grammy Awards|Grammy Awards 2010]], where Jay Sean was,<ref>{{YouTube|L3MnqvcN0vM|Akon, Kelly Rowland and Brandy attend Grammy party}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> [[Taylor Swift]] stated that "Down" was her favorite song of 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-country-starlet-taylor-swift-gets-down-to-down-20100202 |title=Video: Country Starlet Taylor Swift Gets Down to 'Down' |publisher=Desihits.com |date=2 February 2010 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305094111/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-country-starlet-taylor-swift-gets-down-to-down-20100202 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In early December 2009, the song appeared at number 20 on the [[Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2009|''Billboard'' Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2009]]. As a result, the single was also included on [[DJ Earworm]]'s [[Mashup (music)|mash-up]] of all the top 25 ''Billboard'' hits of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-in-united-state-of-pop-2009-20091228 |title=Jay Sean's 'Down' Makes 'United State of Pop 2009' Mash-Up |publisher=Desihits.com |date=28 December 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093027/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-in-united-state-of-pop-2009-20091228 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The song also appeared at number 14 on the ''Billboard'' Year-End Pop Songs of 2009.<ref name="Year-End">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2009/hot-100-songs?begin=11&order=position |title=Year End Charts – Year-end Singles – The Billboard Hot 100 |work=Billboard |access-date=11 December 2009}}</ref> Later in the month, it appeared at number 4 on [[WHTZ|Z100]]'s Top 100 Songs of 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Z100's Top 100 Songs of 2009|publisher=[[WHTZ|Z100]]|url=http://www.z100.com/pages/top100/2009.html?article=6485011|access-date=25 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104110950/http://www.z100.com/pages/top100/2009.html?article=6485011|archive-date=4 January 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> It also appeared on VH1's Top 40 Music Videos of 2009 List at number 20. Having sold more than three million digital copies in the United States alone, "Down" is the seventh-best-selling single of 2009,<ref name=Caulfield/> in a year noted for having the highest record sales of all time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Overall music sales hit an all-time high in 2009; Taylor Swift's 'Fearless' is the year's top-selling album|work=Los Angeles Times|date=6 January 2010|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/01/overall-music-purchases-hit-an-alltime-high-in-2009.html|access-date=7 January 2009}}</ref>

The song has been made into a playable track on the [[Kinect]] game ''[[Dance Central]]'' for the [[Xbox 360]] which was released on 4 November 2010.

==Live performance==
After the track was leaked on the Internet on 21 May 2009, Jay Sean performed the "Without Rap" version of the track for the first time live in Chicago.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-of-jay-sean-performing-down-and-ride-it-in-chicago-20090527 |title=Jay Sean Performs 'Down' and 'Ride It' in Chicago |publisher=Desihits.com |date=27 May 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305094625/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-of-jay-sean-performing-down-and-ride-it-in-chicago-20090527 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also performed the track on [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-at-the-macy-s-thanksgiving-day-parade-20091126 |title=Jay Sean at Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade |publisher=Desihits.com |date=26 November 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305095130/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-at-the-macy-s-thanksgiving-day-parade-20091126 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Toronto]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-to-perform-in-toronto-20091201 |title=Jay Sean to Perform in Toronto on 19 December |publisher=Desihits.com |date=1 December 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305095636/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-to-perform-in-toronto-20091201 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> on [[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-jay-sean-performs-down-on-jimmy-kimmel-live-20091210 |title=Video: Jay Sean Performs 'Down' on Jimmy Kimmel Live |publisher=Desihits.com |date=10 December 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305100138/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-jay-sean-performs-down-on-jimmy-kimmel-live-20091210 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> on [[Madison Square Garden]], alongside "[[Do You Remember (Jay Sean song)|Do You Remember]]",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-jay-sean-wows-crowd-at-madison-square-garden-20091214 |title=Video: Jay Sean Wows Crowd at Madison Square Garden |publisher=Desihits.com |date=14 December 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305100650/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/video-jay-sean-wows-crowd-at-madison-square-garden-20091214 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/behind-the-scenes-video-jay-sean-performs-do-you-remember-at-madison-square-garden-20091229 |title=Behind the Scenes Video: Jay Sean Performs 'Do You Remember' at Madison Square Garden |publisher=Desihits.com |date=29 December 2009 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101203/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/behind-the-scenes-video-jay-sean-performs-do-you-remember-at-madison-square-garden-20091229 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> on ''[[The Wendy Williams Show]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-brings-down-the-house-at-the-wendy-williams-show-20100127 |title=Video: Jay Sean Brings 'Down' the House on The Wendy Williams Show |publisher=Desihits.com |date=27 January 2010 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101707/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/jay-sean-brings-down-the-house-at-the-wendy-williams-show-20100127 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> on BBC 1Xtra Live 2009, an "acoustic version" for ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' and [[Yahoo! Music]],<ref name="billboard.com"/><ref>[http://new.music.yahoo.com/programs/pepsi-music/jay-sean/311/20091020/?vid=218598153 Watch Jay get "Down" in New York City's High Line Park.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026181630/http://new.music.yahoo.com/programs/pepsi-music/jay-sean/311/20091020/?vid=218598153 |date=26 October 2009 }}</ref> and the "Candle Light Remix" for [[BBC Radio 1]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abmp3.com/download/7964936-down.html |title=Jay Sean performing 'DOWN' piano version Live on BBC Radio 1 live lounge |publisher=Abmp3.com |access-date=11 January 2012}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JmsVxpD_ysY Youtube.com]</ref> On 21 December 2009, he performed the song on ''[[The Sing-Off]]'' with the winning group [[Nota (group)|Nota]].

==Chart performance==
"Down" debuted at number 72 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] for the chart week of 6 August 2009, and stayed at number two for three weeks. After fourteen weeks on the chart, the song reached number one for the chart week ending 17 October 2009, making Jay Sean the first [[India]]n-origin solo artist to achieve a number-one single in the US. "Down" ended [[The Black Eyed Peas]]' 26-week reign at the number-one spot on the Hot 100.<ref name="billboard.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267156/jay-sean-sends-peas-packing-from-hot-100-penthouse|title=Jay Sean Sends Peas Packing From Hot 100 Penthouse|website=billboard.com}}</ref> Furthermore, "Down" had managed to top one of the most competitive weeks in the US charts this decade, with the top five titles (Sean's "Down", [[Miley Cyrus]]' "[[Party in the U.S.A.]]", [[Jay Z]]'s "[[Run This Town]]", [[Jason Derulo]]'s "[[Whatcha Say]]", and Black Eyed Peas' "[[I Gotta Feeling]]") being "separated by the tightest point margin in more than six years."<ref>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean Leads Packed Hot 100 Top Five|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|first=Silvio|last=Pietroluongo|date=8 October 2009|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267143/jay-sean-leads-packed-hot-100-top-five|access-date=4 November 2009}}</ref> After spending a week at the top spot, "Down" was succeeded by [[Britney Spears]]' "[[3 (Britney Spears song)|3]]", but the following week, it returned to number one.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?120 |title="Down" continues to break records Stateside |publisher=Jaysean.com |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071649/http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?120 |archive-date=28 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On the [[Canadian Hot 100]], it debuted at number 40 for the week of 17 August 2009, and peaked at number three for the week of 15 October 2009. The song also peaked at number one on ''Billboard''{{'}}s Pop Songs, [[Billboard Hot 100 Airplay|Radio Songs]] (airplay), and [[Rhythmic Top 40]] charts, and number two on the [[Hot Digital Songs|Digital Songs]] (sales) chart. Since its release, it has sold over 4,000,000 downloads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74329/week-ending-feb-6-2011-songs-katy-stands-alone/|title=Week Ending Feb 6, 2011: Songs: Katy Stands Alone – Yahoo! Chart Watch|publisher=New.music.yahoo.com|date=9 February 2011|access-date=11 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004054636/http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-feb-6-2011-songs-katy-stands-alone.html|archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref>

On the [[Recorded Music NZ]], "Down" debuted at number 18, and after six weeks the song peaked at number two (where it spent four weeks) for the week of 5 November 2009. On ''[[Sverigetopplistan]]'', "Down" debuted at number 52 and, in its second week, and peaked at number 29, beginning on 5 November 2009, where it spent ten weeks at that position. In Switzerland, for the week of 8 October 2009, the song debuted on the [[Swiss Music Charts]] at number 65 and peaked at number 57 five weeks later. The single debuted at number nine on 22 October 2009, on the [[Norwegian Singles Chart]] and peaked at number five two weeks later. In the UK, "Down" entered and peaked at number three on the [[UK Singles Chart]] and spent one week at number one on the [[UK R&B Chart]]. It is his highest-charting single in the UK since "[[Stolen (Jay Sean song)|Stolen]]" charted at number four in 2004.

On the [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|Austrian Singles Chart]], "Down" debuted at number 70 for the week beginning of 5 November 2009, and peaked at number 52. On the Australian [[ARIA Charts]], the song debuted at number nine that same week and peaked at number two three weeks later. On the [[Ultratop 50|Belgian Singles Chart]], the song peaked at number two. The song debuted at number nine on the [[European Hot 100]] and number 94 on the [[Japan Hot 100]] during the week dated 9 November 2009,<ref name="Japan-Billboard">{{cite web|title=Japan Billboard Hot 100|publisher=[[Billboard charts]]|date=2009-11-09|url=http://www.billboard-japan.com/system/jp_charts/hot100/51-100/page:6|access-date=15 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513085610/http://www.billboard-japan.com/system/jp_charts/hot100/51-100/page:6|archive-date=13 May 2012}}</ref> and peaked at number 79 on the week dated 6 March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jay Sean|publisher=[[Billboard charts]]|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jay sean|chart=all}}|access-date=26 February 2010}}</ref> The song debuted on the French [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]] chart at number 19 on 27 February 2010.

==Track listing==
;iTunes digital download
# "Down" (featuring [[Lil Wayne]]) – 3:32

;Promo US CD
# "Down" (Clean featuring Lil Wayne) – 3:32
# "Down" (Clean Without Rap) – 3:17
# "Down" (Instrumental) – 3:32
# "Down" (Bobbybass Dance Remix) – 4:00

;UK single CD
# "Down" (featuring Lil Wayne) – 3:32
# "Down" ([[Jason Nevins]] Edit) – 3:39
# "Down" ([[Roll Deep]] Mix) – 4:05
# "Down" (K-Warren Remix) – 5:45
# "Down" (Chasing Pluto Remix) – 3:47

==Charts==
Jay Sean's first single with [[Cash Money Records]] and [[Universal Music Group]] (and his American-debut single), became his first number one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and first single to sell more than two million copies in America,<ref name=Akbar>{{cite news|title=After 2,000 gigs, Hounslow singer tops the US charts|first=Arifa|last=Akbar|work=The Independent |location=UK|date=30 October 2009|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/after-2000-gigs-hounslow-singer-tops-the-us-charts-1811724.html|access-date=30 October 2009}}</ref> and the second for featured artist Lil Wayne who first topped the chart for five weeks the previous year with "[[Lollipop (Lil Wayne song)|Lollipop]]" on the Hot 100.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/267143/jay-sean-leads-packed-hot-100-top-five|title=Jay Sean Leads Packed Hot 100 Top Five|website=billboard.com}}</ref>

"Down" entered the [[UK Singles Chart]] on 1 November 2009 at number 3, and number one on the [[UK R&B Chart|R&B Chart]], becoming Sean's highest-charting positions on both charts.<ref name="musicweek.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/MusicWeekWeb/DisplayChart.aspx?chartname=&title=down&artist=jay%20sean&chartFamilyId=family-2&sectionHeader=Sales&artistId=8471&titleId=18876&search=2&selArtist=Jay+Sean+feat.+Lil+Wayne&selTitle=Down&selRecordLabel=Island&menuname=promoCharts&pageName=&chartId=&rid=108&groupBy=chartName |title=Music Week |publisher=Music Week |access-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Weekly charts===
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"|Chart (2009–2011)
! scope="col"|Peak position
|-
{{single chart|Australia|2|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Australiaurban|1|url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20091204130000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20091205-0000/issue1031.pdf|urltitle=Issue 1031|access-date=18 November 2021}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
|-
{{single chart|Austria|8|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Belgium (Flanders)|32|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Belgium (Wallonia) Tip|2|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardcanadianhot100|3|artist=Jay Sean}}
|-
{{single chart|CIS|35|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down|songid=18800|access-date=6 May 2022}}
|-
{{single chart|Czech Republic|20|year=2010|week=2}}
|-
{{single chart|Denmark|7|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
| Europe ([[European Hot 100 Singles]])<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=121|issue=45|page=51|date=14 November 2009}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|-
{{single chart|France|17|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down|date=20100206}}
|-
{{single chart|Germany|9|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down|songid=601917}}
|-
{{single chart|Hungary|33|year=2009|week=43}}
|-
{{single chart|Ireland2|10|artist=Jay Sean featuring Lil Wayne|access-date=18 January 2020}}
|-
| Italy ([[FIMI]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/ricerca#/type:artists/show:charts/keyword:Jay+Sean+Feat.+Lil+Wayne/page:0|title=FIMI – Database Top of the music – FIMI|website=www.fimi.it}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|30
|-
{{single chart|Billboardjapanhot100|79|artist=Jay Sean|artistid=623772}}
|-
{{single chart|Dutch40|17|artist=Jay Sean|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Dutch100|31|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|New Zealand|2|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Norway|5|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Slovakia|1|year=2009|week=49}}
|-
{{single chart|Sweden|25|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|Switzerland|8|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down}}
|-
{{single chart|UKrandb|1|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down|date=7 November 2009}}
|-
{{single chart|UK|3|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|song=Down|date=20091107}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardhot100|1|artist=Jay Sean|artistid=623772}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Jay Sean|artistid=623772}}
|-
{{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|1|artist=Jay Sean|artistid=623772}}
|}
{{col-2}}

===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Chart (2009)
!Position
|-
|Australia (ARIA)<ref name="news.com.au">{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,26561471-16601,00.html | work=The Advertiser | title=Top 100 singles of the noughties | date=7 January 2010}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|34
|-
|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2009/canadian-hot-100|title=Canadian Hot 100 – Year-End 2009|work=Billboard|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|40
|-
|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2009|title=Éves összesített listák – MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 (súlyozott)|publisher=Mahasz}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|153
|-
|New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|title=New Zealand Top 50 Singles of 2009 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp |access-date=1 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915190126/http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp |archive-date=15 September 2008}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|-
|UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref name="UK2009year">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2009.pdf |title=Charts Plus Year end 2009 |publisher=Charts Plus|access-date=19 July 2010}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|64
|-
|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2009/hot-100-songs|title=Hot 100 Songs – Year-End 2009|work=Billboard|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|-
|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2009/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2009|work=Billboard|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|-
|US Rhythmic (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2009/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2009|work=Billboard|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"|Chart (2010)
!scope="col"|Position
|-
|Australia (ARIA)<ref name="AUSendofyear">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2010 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=8 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205172929/http://aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |archive-date=5 December 2010}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|66
|-
|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?categorie=Top%20Single%20de%20l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e&annee=2010|title=Top de l'année Top Singles 2010|publisher=SNEP|language=fr|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|81
|-
|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2010|publisher=Dutch Top 40|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|100
|-
|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2010/hot-100-songs|title=Billboard Year End Chart 2010|work=[[Billboard.com]]|access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|41
|-
|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2010/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2010|work=Billboard|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|46
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" | Chart (2011)
! scope="col" | Position
|-
|Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/single-jahr/for-date-2011|title=Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts|language=de|work=[[GfK Entertainment]]|publisher=offiziellecharts.de|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|97
|}

===All-time charts===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Chart (1992–2017)
!Position
|-
| US [[Pop Songs]] (''Billboard'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-pop-songs|title=GREATEST OF ALL TIME POP SONGS|work=Billboard|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|28
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chart (1958–2018)
! Position
|-
| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart|work=Billboard|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|128
|}
{{col-end}}

==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|relyear=2009|certyear=2010}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Denmark|type=single|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne| title=Down|award=Platinum|id=10291|relyear=2009|certyear=2021}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|type=single|award=Gold|relyear=2009|certyear=2018|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|title=Down|access-date=1 May 2018}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|type=single|award=Platinum|relyear=2009|certyear=2009|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|title=Down|id=1562|access-date=26 July 2019}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Sweden|type=single|award=Platinum|relyear=2009|certyear=2011|artist=Jay Sean feat. Lil Wayne|title=Down|access-date=July 26, 2022}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|award=Platinum|relyear=2009|certyear=2019|artist=Jay Sean ft Lil Wayne|title=Down|access-date=26 July 2019|id=9786-2827-1}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|type=single|award=Platinum|number=6|relyear=2009|certyear=2014|artist=Jay Sean|title=Down|refname=riaa}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}}

==Release history==
{|class=wikitable
|-
!Region
!Date
!Format
!Label
|-
| United States
| rowspan="2"|31 May 2009
| rowspan="2"|[[Music download|Digital download]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]]
|-
| Canada
|-
| Norway<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thevoice.no/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=249&Itemid=7 |title=Jay Sean ft. Lil' Wayne – Down |publisher=Thevoice.no |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref>
| 18 August 2009
| Airplay
| rowspan="5"|[[Universal Republic Records|Universal Republic]]
|-
| Belgium
| rowspan="4"|24 August 2009
| rowspan="4"|Digital download
|-
| France
|-
| Sweden
|-
| New Zealand
|-
| United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?111 |title="Down" sells 1 million units in the USA |publisher=Jaysean.com |access-date=8 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922213938/http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?111 |archive-date=22 September 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 10 September 2009
| Airplay
| {{hlist|Jayded|[[2Point9 Records|2Point9]]}}
|-
| Switzerland
| 23 September 2009
| rowspan="2"|Digital download
| rowspan="2"|Universal Republic
|-
| Norway
| 13 October 2009
|-
| United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?113 |title=The UK prepares to get "Down" |publisher=Jaysean.com |access-date=8 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929080401/http://www.jaysean.com/news.shtml?113 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 25 October 2009
| {{hlist|CD|digital download}}
| {{hlist|Jayded|2Point9}}
|-
| Worldwide
| 31 October 2009
| Digital download
| Universal Republic
|}

==Destine version==
{{Infobox song
| name = Down
| cover = Destine - Down.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Destine]]
| album = [[Lightspeed (Destine album)|Lightspeed]] (2011 Japan release)
| released = 1 October 2010
| recorded = 2010
| studio =
| genre = [[Pop punk]]
| length = 3:19
| label = [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]
| writer = {{hlist|[[Jay Sean|Kamaljit Jhooti]]|[[Lil Wayne|Dwayne Carter]]|[[Jared Cotter]]|[[Orange Factory Music|J-Remy]]|[[Orange Factory Music|Bobby Bass]]|[[Orange Factory Music|Jonathan Perkins]]}}
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Spiders (Destine song)|Spiders]]
| prev_year = 2010
| next_title = [[Stay (Destine song)|Stay]]
| next_year = 2011
}}

The Dutch [[pop punk]] band [[Destine]] released a cover version of "'''Down'''" as a stand-alone single on 1 October 2010 and as an [[iTunes Store|iTunes]] download on 4 October. The official music video was meant to debut on EFM on 8 October, but was released through the band official YouTube page three days earlier on 5 October 2010, although it was deleted the next day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://destinemusic.com/blog/ |title=Destine | The Official Website » Blog |publisher=Destinemusic.com |date=26 September 2011 |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110709015700/http://destinemusic.com/blog/ |archive-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Their debut album, ''[[Lightspeed (Destine album)|Lightspeed]]'', was released on 3 August 2011 in Japan, and included "Down" as a bonus track.

===Digital single===
{{Tracklist
| title1 = Down
|length1 = 3:19
| title2 = Down (Instrumental Version)
|length2 = 3:19
}}

==Breathe Carolina version==
{{Infobox song
| name = Down
| cover = Bc single 400x400.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Breathe Carolina]]
| album = [[Punk Goes Pop 3]]
| released = 16 September 2010
| recorded = 2010
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Electronicore]]
| length = 3:42
| label = [[Fearless Records|Fearless]]
| writer = {{hlist|[[Jay Sean|Kamaljit Jhooti]]|[[Lil Wayne|Dwayne Carter]]|[[Jared Cotter]]|[[Orange Factory Music|J-Remy]]|[[Orange Factory Music|Bobby Bass]]|[[Orange Factory Music|Jonathan Perkins]]}}
| producer = Mike Green
| prev_title = [[I.D.G.A.F. (Breathe Carolina song)|I.D.G.A.F.]]
| prev_year = 2010
| next_title = [[Blackout (Breathe Carolina song)|Blackout]]
| next_year = 2011
}}
American [[electronicore]] band [[Breathe Carolina]] covered the track for the [[compilation album]] ''[[Punk Goes Pop 3]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendId=428048118&blogId=539482888 |title=Punk Goes Pop 3 Now Available For Pre-Order van Punk Goes... op Myspace |publisher=Blogs.myspace.com |date=27 September 2010 |access-date=11 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207065936/http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view |archive-date=7 February 2009}}</ref> which was released on 2 November 2010. It was available for [[music download|digital download]] on 16 September 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myspace.com/punkgoes/ |title=Punk Goes... | Gratis muziek, tourneedata, foto's, video's |publisher=Myspace.com |access-date=11 January 2012}}</ref> A music video including live footage of the band performing the song was released on 2 February 2011.<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrea Holmes |url=http://music.aol.com/blog/2011/02/02/breathe-carolina-down-video/ |title=Breathe Carolina, 'Down' – Video Premiere – AOL Music Blog |publisher=Music.aol.com |date=2 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204210825/http://music.aol.com/blog/2011/02/02/breathe-carolina-down-video/ |archivedate=February 4, 2011 |access-date=11 January 2012}}</ref> Singer David Schmitt explained why the group chose the song to cover for the album as it "appealed to the band on a technical level" and how it "struck a chord with the way the duo talks."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/bbfede/breathe-carolina-jay-sean-down-pop-goes-pun|title=Video: Breathe Carolina On Their 'Punk Goes Pop 3' Cover Of Jay Sean's 'Down'|website=[[MTV]]|author=Chris Ryan|date=November 2, 2010|access-date=October 27, 2022}}</ref> ''[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]'' named their version of the song as the 41st best "Top 50 Punk Goes Pop covers of all time".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.altpress.com/best-punk-goes-pop-covers-ranked/|title=Here are the top 50 Punk Goes Pop covers of all time|magazine=[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]]|author=Ariana Leo|date=January 7, 2021|access-date=November 25, 2022}}</ref>

===Charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performance for "Down"
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2010)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| US [[Billboard charts|Rock Digital Song Sales]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/breathe-carolina/chart-history/rkt/|title=Breathe Carolina Chart History (Rock Digital Song Sales)|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref>
| 31
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[List of number-one R&B hits of 2009 (UK)]]
*[[List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2009 (U.S.)]]
*[[List of Mainstream Top 40 number-one hits of 2009 (U.S.)]]
*[[List of Billboard Rhythmic number-one songs of the 2000s#2009|List of Billboard Rhythmic number-one songs of the 2000s]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jay Sean}}
{{Lil Wayne singles}}
{{Destine}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:2009 songs]]
[[Category:2009 singles]]
[[Category:Jay Sean songs]]
[[Category:Lil Wayne songs]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Drumma Boy]]
[[Category:Cash Money Records singles]]
[[Category:Songs written by Drumma Boy]]
[[Category:Songs written by Jay Sean]]
[[Category:Songs written by Lil Wayne]]
[[Category:Songs written by Jared Cotter]]
[[Category:Breathe Carolina songs]]
[[Category:Songs containing the I–V-vi-IV progression]]
[[Category:Electropop songs]]

Dhar Mann

2023-10-03T15:38:18Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use mdy dates}}

{{short description|American entrepreneur, film producer and YouTuber (born 1984)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dhar Mann
| image = Dhar Mann Updated (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = Mann in 2018
| birth_name = Dharminder Mann
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|05|29}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| nationality = American
| education =
| occupation = {{hlist|Entrepreneur|film producer}}
| partner = Laura Avila
| children = 2
| parents =
| relatives =
| website = {{URL|https://www.dharmann.com/}}
}}

'''Dharminder "Dhar" Mann''' (born May 29, 1984) is an American entrepreneur, film producer and [[YouTuber]]. He is best known for his video production company, Dhar Mann Studios, that creates short films for social media platforms such as YouTube. The films target a young audience and typically feature a turn of events that teaches the antagonist a moral lesson.<ref name="NYT 2021" />

In 2010, Mann and stockbroker Derek Peterson founded the [[weGrow]] store that sold [[hydroponics]] marketed for growing [[medical marijuana]]. weGrow was closed two years later amid lawsuits between the business partners.

In 2013, Mann was convicted of defrauding the city of [[Oakland, California]], through his real estate company MannEdge Properties.<ref name="SFGate 2012" /><ref name="BC 2012" /><ref name=":0" />

==Early life==
Dharminder Mann was born on May 29, 1984,<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1398720779538345993 |user=dharmann |title=Today's not only special because it's my 37th bday- it's also the 3-year anniversary of Dhar Mann Studios. I'm not always the best at describing my feelings, but from what I've been told I am pretty good at telling stories. [Read more on my Instagram] |date=May 29, 2021 |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529192005/https://twitter.com/dharmann/status/1398720779538345993 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |url-status=live |link=https://twitter.com/dharmann/status/1398720779538345993 |last=Mann |first=Dhar}}</ref> to Surinder Mann and Baljit Singh Mann, who emigrated from India to the United States.<ref name="NYT 2021">{{Cite news |last=Marcus |first=Ezra |date=August 19, 2021 |title=The Moral Philosopher of YouTube |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/style/dhar-mann-youtube.html |access-date=August 23, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Oaklandside">{{cite news |last1=Orenstein |first1=Natalie |title=Oakland landlord hit with $3.9 million penalty for hazardous housing conditions |url=https://oaklandside.org/2021/09/13/oakland-landlord-hit-with-3-9-million-penalty-for-hazardous-housing-conditions/ |access-date=February 5, 2022 |work=The Oaklandside |date=September 14, 2021}}</ref><ref name="SFGate 2014">{{Cite news |last1=Matier |first1=Phillip |last2=Ross |first2=Andrew |date=April 28, 2014 |title=FBI agents' sting tried to lure more S.F., Oakland officials |work=[[SFGate]] |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/FBI-agents-sting-tried-to-lure-more-S-F-5433978.php |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> The Singh family owns Friendly Cab, a taxi cab operator based in [[Oakland, California]].<ref name="SFGate 2014" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Harkinson |first=Josh |date=December 11, 2013 |title=How a local "Ganjapreneur" bummed Oakland's high, and cheated the city out of thousands. |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2013/12/marijuana-entrepreneur-dhar-mann-fraud-oakland/ |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> They have owned several local real estate companies since 1980, and more than 130 properties.<ref name="Oaklandside" /><ref name="EBX 2015">{{Cite news |last=BondGraham |first=Darwin |date=April 24, 2015 |title=Oakland Taxicab Family Hit with $37,500 Fine for Defrauding Oakland |work=[[East Bay Express]] |url=https://eastbayexpress.com/oakland-taxicab-family-hit-with-37500-fine-for-defrauding-oakland-2-1/ |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref>

Mann recalls growing up in a one-bedroom [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]] apartment that was shared with three other families. As his parents were focused on managing their company, he has said that rather than "give me their time, they gave me money to do things".<ref name="NYT 2021" />

== Early career and legal issues ==
At the age of nineteen, Mann started a real estate company, and founded other, often failed, companies within the decade,<ref name="NYT 2021" /> including ventures in [[luxury car]] rental services and mortgage refinancing.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harkinson|first=Josh|title=Weedmart: Marijuana Superstores. IPOs. Reality TV.|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|issue=January/February 2011|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/12/wegrow-dhar-mann-derek-peterson/|access-date=September 4, 2021}}</ref> Mann founded [[weGrow]], a retailer of [[cannabis]]-growing [[hydroponics]], with former stock broker Derek Peterson in January 2010. Mann and Peterson rented a supply store in Oakland, California, to sell hydroponics equipment, and aimed to open franchises in eight other states.<ref name="NYT 2021" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=McLean |first=Kate |date=July 18, 2010 |title=Proposal for Marijuana Factories Prompts a Battle for Control |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/18/us/18bcmarijuana.html |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref>

In early 2011, the weGrow store was closed, and Peterson filed lawsuits against the company, citing unpaid debts,<ref name="NYT 2021" /> and accusing Mann of running a "hydroponzi scheme" in a ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' interview.<ref name="MJ 2011">{{Cite news |last=Harkinson |first=Josh |date=March 1, 2011 |title=WeGrow's "Joint Venture" Goes Up in Smoke |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |url=https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2011/03/wegrow-joint-venture-goes-smoke/ |access-date=September 4, 2021}}</ref> A spokesman for Mann subsequently accused Peterson of fabricating the allegations in retaliation for Mann's decision to downsize their partnership,<ref name="MJ 2011" /> and Mann successfully countersued Peterson for a cash settlement and stocks in Peterson's own company.<ref name="NYT 2021" />

In 2012, Mann was charged with thirteen felony counts of fraud for allegedly defrauding a city beautification program while operating his real estate company MannEdge Properties in 2008 and 2009.<ref name="SFGate 2012">{{Cite news |last1=Bulwa |first1=Demian |last2=Kuruvila |first2=Matthai |date=May 18, 2012 |title=Oakland pot entrepreneur charged with fraud |work=[[SFGate]] |url=https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Oakland-pot-entrepreneur-charged-with-fraud-3567342.php |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref><ref name="BC 2012">{{Cite news |date=September 6, 2012 |title=Indicted Oakland Pot Entrepreneur Leaned on Political Relationships |publisher=[[NBC Bay Area]] |url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/indicted-oakland-pot-entrepreneur-leaned-on-political-relationships/1927584/ |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref> Prosecutors reduced the charges to five felony counts in August 2013, and later that year Mann pled [[no contest]] to the five counts.<ref name="OT 2013">{{Cite news |last=Artz |first=Matthew |date=December 10, 2013 |title=Oakland "ganjapreneur" pleads no contest to fraud charges |work=[[Oakland Tribune]] |url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/news/ci_24697161/oakland-ganjapreneur-pleads-no-contest-fraud-charges |access-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215004843/http://www.insidebayarea.com/news/ci_24697161/oakland-ganjapreneur-pleads-no-contest-fraud-charges |archive-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref> He was sentenced to five years of [[probation]] and ordered to pay a $10,000 fine and [[restitution]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Tucker |first=Jill |date=February 1, 2014 |title='Ganja-preneur' of Oakland sentenced, fined $10,000 |work=[[SFGate]] |url=https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Ganja-preneur-of-Oakland-sentenced-fined-5195154.php |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> Mann told ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 2021 that the conviction was later [[expunged]].<ref name="NYT 2021" />

== Dhar Mann Studios ==
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Dhar Mann
| channel_name =
| channel_direct_url = @DharMann
| channel_display_name = Dhar Mann
| channel_url =
| years_active = 2018–present
| genre = [[Morality plays]]
| subscribers = 18.7 million
| views = 11.5 billion
| network =
| associated_acts =
| location = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U. S.
| silver_button = y
| silver_year =
| gold_button = y
| gold_year = 2020
| diamond_button = y
| diamond_year = 2021
| ruby_button = n
| ruby_year =
| red_diamond_button = n
| red_diamond_year =
| stats_update = Aug 11, 2023
}}

In 2018, Mann founded Dhar Mann Studios, a video production company that produces films for social media platforms such as [[YouTube]].<ref name="NYT 2021" /><ref name="HR 2021">{{Cite news |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=April 7, 2021 |title=Filmmaker Dhar Mann Signs With CAA (Exclusive) |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/filmmaker-dhar-mann-signs-with-caa-exclusive |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref> When Mann began publishing videos on YouTube in 2018, his output comprised [[Motivational speaker|motivational]] videos, and later shifted focus to [[morality plays]].<ref name="NYT Magazine 2021">{{Cite news |last=Kaiser-Schatzlein |first=Robin |date=August 4, 2021 |title=The Internet Demands Uplifting Videos. So He Stages Them. |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/04/magazine/wholesome-youtube-dhar-mann.html |access-date=September 6, 2021}}</ref> In 2021, Mann started a contract with the [[Creative Artists Agency]]<ref name="HR 2021" /> and launched a mobile app where users can watch videos produced by his studio.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weiss |first=Geoff |date=October 22, 2021 |title=YouTube Moralist Dhar Mann Launches His Own Video App, Rockets To No. 1 On Apple |work=[[Tubefilter News]] |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2021/10/22/dhar-mann-video-app-no-1/ |access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref>

A ''New York Times'' profile of Mann described his YouTube videos as "timely narratives about police-calling [[Karen (slang)|Karen]]s and [[Covid-19]] hoarders" told in the fashion of "1980s [[after-school special]]s and the educational short films of the '50s", and noted their often "thin and absolutist" moral philosophy and "openly [[click bait]]" titles.<ref name="NYT 2021" /> ''[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]'' called them "feel-good" videos intended to "encourage people to be decent to one another."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burney |first=Lawrence |date=March 3, 2021 |title=Watching YouTube Through My Daughter's Eyes |work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/watching-anna-oop-youtube-drama-daughter.html |access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref>

As of May 2023, the channel has received 18.1 million subscribers and 10.78 billion views.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/c/dharmannofficial |title=Dhar Mann's YouTube Stats (Summary Profile) - Social Blade Stats |newspaper=Socialblade.com |date= |accessdate=February 10, 2023}}</ref>

=== Workplace scandal and actors' protest ===
In February 2023, multiple actors employed by Dhar Mann Studios stated on social media that they had poor working conditions and unsustainable pay.<ref name="ABC">{{cite news|last=Hayes|first=Rob|date=February 14, 2023|url=https://abc7.com/dhar-mann-studios-youtube-channel-burbank-actor-protest/12816197/|title=Actors for popular Burbank-based YouTube channel protest for better wages, work conditions|location=[[Burbank, California]]|publisher=ABC7|access-date=July 5, 2023}}</ref> Many of the actors took to protesting outside of one of Mann's studio lots, with the protests happening abruptly. Actor Charles Laughlin revealed that many actors requested a meeting with Mann about working conditions, but Mann declined to meet with them. Laughlin also accused Mann of firing actress Jessica Ruth Bell after the actors requested the meeting. Laughlin and actor Colin Borden stated that actors who spoke out against the working conditions were immediately let go. Borden stated that many of the actors employed by Mann could not afford rent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Joseph |date=2023-02-09 |title=Actors in Influencer Dhar Mann's Videos Have Gone on Strike Over Low Wages |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-dhar-mann-actors |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Distractify |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Beskyldninger mot YouTube-gigant |url=https://www.vg.no/i/mQ3Q9l |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-10 |title=YouTube's Dhar Mann Studios Accused Of Paying Actors Unfair Wages |url=https://www.cgmagonline.com/news/dhar-mann-paying-actors-poorly/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=www.cgmagonline.com |language=en-CA}}</ref> After the protests, Mann issued a statement on his YouTube channel and Instagram account disputing the claims of the protesting actors and accusing them of "spreading false information" about his studio, family and himself. He explained how the studio operated and disclosed hourly rates for actors.<ref name="ABC"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gutelle |first1=Sam |title=Moral video creator Dhar Mann responds to the protest launched by some of his regular actors |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2023/02/14/protest-dhar-mann-actors-speak-out-moral-videos-response/ |publisher=[[Tubefilter]] |access-date=February 22, 2023 |date=February 14, 2023 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2014, Mann was in a relationship with businesswoman Lilly Ghalichi, known for participating on the reality television series ''[[Shahs of Sunset]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Zach |last2=Sobol |first2=Beth |date=April 4, 2014 |title=''Shahs of Sunset''{{Apostrophe}}s Lilly Ghalichi Engaged to Entrepreneur Dhar Mann—But Will She Keep the Ring? |work=[[E! Online]] |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/528442/shahs-of-sunset-s-lilly-ghalichi-engaged-to-entrepreneur-dhar-mann-but-will-she-keep-the-ring |access-date=August 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Webber |first=Stephanie |date=December 19, 2014 |title=Lilly Ghalichi, Dhar Mann Split: ''Shahs of Sunset'' Star Ends Engagement |work=[[E! Online]] |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/607973/shahs-of-sunset-s-lilly-ghalichi-calls-off-engagement-i-know-that-every-ending-is-a-new-beginning |access-date=August 23, 2021}}</ref> Mann met his fiancée Laura Avila in 2015. Together, the couple manage LiveGlam, a cosmetics company that Mann founded in 2015.<ref name="NYT 2021" /> The couple had their first child in 2020.<ref name="Variety 2020">{{Cite news |last=McClain |first=James |date=November 3, 2020 |title=Khloe Kardashian Sells $15.5 Million Calabasas Mansion to Dhar Mann |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2020/dirt/entertainers/khloe-kardashian-sells-15-5-million-calabasas-mansion-to-dhar-mann-1234822374/ |access-date=August 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103173001/https://variety.com/2020/dirt/entertainers/khloe-kardashian-sells-15-5-million-calabasas-mansion-to-dhar-mann-1234822374/ |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In late 2020, Mann purchased a mansion in [[Calabasas, California]], previously owned by media personality [[Khloé Kardashian]].<ref name="Variety 2020" /> Along with his family's real estate activities in Oakland, Mann and his brother Harmit also own property across the city.<ref name="Oaklandside" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.dharmann.com/}}
* {{IMDb name|4990531}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mann, Dhar}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American businesspeople convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:American businesspeople in the online media industry]]
[[Category:American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American cosmetics businesspeople]]
[[Category:American entertainment industry businesspeople]]
[[Category:American people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American real estate businesspeople]]
[[Category:American YouTubers]]
[[Category:YouTube channels launched in 2018]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:University of California, Davis alumni]]

Desan Kaur

2023-10-03T15:37:59Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = Sardarni of the [[Sukerchakia Misl]]
| consort = yes
| name = Desan Kaur
| title =
| image =
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
| succession1 = Regent of [[Sukerchakia Misl]]
| reign = 1756 - 1770
| successor = [[Raj Kaur]]
| pre-type2 = Monarch
| predecessor2 = [[Maha Singh]]
| reign-type2 = [[Regency]]
| reign2 = {{circa}} 1770 – 1780
| birth_date = 1740
| birth_place = [[Gujranwala]], [[Sikh Confederacy]] (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
| death_date = 1794
| death_place = [[Gujranwala]], [[Sikh Confederacy]] (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
| spouse = [[Charat Singh]] (m. 1756)
| issue = [[Mahan Singh]]
 Sahej Singh Raj Kaur Saher Kaur
| house = [[Warraich]] (by birth) 
[[Sandhawalia]] (by marriage)
| father = Sardar Amir Singh Waraich
}}
'''Sardarni Desan Kaur Waraich''' (1740 – 1794), also known as '''Mai Desan''' was the regent of the [[Sukerchakia Misl]] during the minority of her son from 1770. She was the wife of [[Sardar]] [[Charat Singh]] and the mother of Sardar [[Maha Singh]]. Her grandson, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], was the founder of the [[Sikh Empire]].

==Early life and marriage==
Bibi Desan Kaur Waraich was born to Sardar Amir Singh Waraich possibly in the year 1740. Sardar Amir Singh, was a very old Sikh Chieftain of Gujranwala, belonging to the Waraich Jat Clan. She had two elder brothers Dal Singh and Gurbaksh Singh, and a sister.

In 1756 <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Amarinder|title=The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar|year=2010|pages=7}}</ref> she married [[Charat Singh|Sardar Charat Singh]] of the [[Sukerchakia Misl]]. The couple had four children two sons, [[Mahan Singh]] also known as [[Maha Singh]], and Sahej Singh followed by two daughters, Bibi Raj Kaur (not to be confused with the wife of Mahan Singh) and Saher Kaur.

Sardarni Desan Kaur administered the Sukerchakia Misl since her husband was mostly away to battle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=indica|date=2020-10-24|title=Women in the Building of Sikh Shrines|url=https://indicanews.com/2020/10/24/women-in-the-building-of-sikh-shrines/|access-date=2020-11-26|website=Indica news|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Regent of Sukerchakia Misl==
In 1770, her spouse died and was succeeded by her son, who was a minor. Mai Desan Kaur assumed the leadership of the Sukerchakia Misl as Mahan Singh was too young to run his affairs. Desan Kaur was an able administrator, her people prospered and were happy under her rule.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luoKAQAAMAAJ&q=desan+kaur|title=Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion|date=2006|publisher=Guru Nanak Foundation|language=en}}</ref> She was courageous and had tact and ability.<ref name="Lafont 2002">{{Cite book|last=Lafont|first=Jean Marie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrG_aJTgnw0C&dq=desan+kaur&pg=PA14|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh|date=2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|language=en}}</ref> One of the first tasks she undertook was the rebuilding of the fort at Gujranwala which had been destroyed by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1751-1752. She renamed the new fort Mahan Singh ki Garhi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D068dKeyGW4C&dq=maha+singh&pg=PA3|title=Ranjit Singh|date=2009-03-24|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306543-2|language=en}}</ref>

She formed a political alliance with [[Sardar]] [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] of the Kanhaiya Misl.<ref name=":0" /> She arranged for her son Maha Singh to be married to [[Mananwala|Man Kaur]], daughter of Sardar Jai Singh Mann of Mogalchak-[[Mananwala]] and [[Raj Kaur]], daughter of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind; she became popularly known as Mai Malwain. Desan Kaur married her daughter, Raj Kaur to Sahib Singh, the son of Gujar Singh of the [[Bhangi Misl]]. Her youngest daughter was married to Sohel Singh. By setting up these alliances she ensured the sympathies of the [[Phulkian Misl|Phulkians]] and the [[Bhangi Misl|Bhangis]]( who were jealous of the growing fame of her late husband); these matrimonial alliances helped consolidate her power.<ref name="Lafont 2002"/>

== In popular culture ==
Simmi Sekhon portrays Desan Kaur in the 2010 historical TV series ''[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (TV series)|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]'' telecasted on [[DD National]].

== References ==
<references />

{{improve categories|date=October 2020}}

[[Category:18th-century women rulers]]
[[Category:1736 births]]
[[Category:1788 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian politicians]]

Deep Saini

2023-10-03T15:37:49Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Canadian scientist, Vice Chancellor and Principal of McGill University}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Deep Saini
| honorific_suffix = FRSN
| native_name = ਹਰਗੁਰਦੀਪ ਸੈਣੀ
| native_name_lang = Punjabi
| image = Deep_Saini_Headshot_Wikipedia_2019.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Hargurdeep Saini
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| region =
| nationality =
| period =
| successor =
| term_end =
| occupation = Principal and Vice-Chancellor, [[McGill University]]
| title =
| known_for =
| spouse =
| children =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| era =
| language =
| discipline = [[Biology]]
| sub_discipline = [[Plant biology]], [[Biotechnology]], [[Molecular Biology]]
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Punjab Agricultural University]] (1977), [[University of Adelaide]] (1982)
| thesis_title = Physiological studies on sterility induced in wheat by heat and water deficit
| thesis_url = https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/21190
| thesis_year = 1982
| main_interests =
| workplaces = 
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hargurdeep Saini''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: '''ਹਰਗੁਰਦੀਪ ਸੈਣੀ'''), also known as '''Deep Saini''', is a scientist,<ref name ="Sparks"/> and is the Principal and [[Vice-chancellor|Vice-Chancellor]] of [[McGill University]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/mcgill-university-appoints-h-deep-saini-new-principal-and-vice-chancellor-343502|title=McGill University appoints H. Deep Saini as new Principal and Vice-Chancellor|date=2022-11-14|language=en-CA|access-date=2022-11-14}}</ref>

==Career==
Hargurdeep Saini was previously the President and Vice-Chancellor of [[Dalhousie University]],<ref name="dal.ca">{{Cite web |title=Important announcement regarding President Deep Saini |url=https://www.dal.ca/news/2022/11/14/announcement.html |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Dalhousie News |language=en}}</ref> a [[Vice-Chancellor]] and President of [[University of Canberra]], a vice-president of [[University of Toronto]], and principal of the university's Mississauga campus, and dean of the Faculty of Environment at the [[University of Waterloo]] in [[Waterloo, Ontario]].<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|url=http://twocircles.net/2010jan22/indo_canadian_gets_top_post_canadas_top_university.html|title=Indo-Canadian gets top post in Canada's top university|last=Singh|first=Gurmukh|date=22 January 2010|access-date=30 December 2018|publisher=IANS|via=TwoCircles.net}}</ref><ref name="UoT">{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/January2010/21/c3105.html|title=UofT appoints new Vice President and Principal of the University of Toronto Mississauga|access-date=11 September 2016}}</ref> Saini became a noted plant physiologist<ref name ="Sparks">Advances in Agronomy, pp ix, Volume 68 By Donald L. Sparks, San Diego [etc.] : Academic Press, cop. 2000.</ref><ref>Bulletin - American Society of Plant Physiologists, Issue 52, Bethesda, Md. [etc.] American Society of Plant Physiologists.</ref> and served as director general of the Plant Biology Research Institute in Montreal before moving into university administration.<ref name="dal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dal.ca/news/2019/05/16/introducing-dalhousie-s-12th-president.html|title=Introducing Deep Saini, Dalhousie's 12th president|website=Dalhousie News|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>

On 14 November 2022, it was announced that Deep Saini will step down from his role as president of Dalhousie, effective 31 December 2022,<ref name="dal.ca"/> to become Principal and Vice-Chancellor of [[McGill University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dal.ca/news/2022/11/14/announcement.html |title=Important announcement regarding President Deep Saini}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saini, Deep}}
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian physiologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Toronto]]
[[Category:Plant physiologists]]
[[Category:Canadian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Canberra]]
[[Category:University of Adelaide alumni]]
[[Category:University of Alberta alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Waterloo]]
[[Category:Scientists from Ontario]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian scientists]]
[[Category:Punjab Agricultural University people]]
[[Category:Indian physiologists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Danny Batth

2023-10-03T15:37:33Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {{Use British English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|English footballer}}
{{Use British English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Danny Batth
|image = Danny Batth.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Batth playing for [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] in 2014
|fullname = Daniel Tanveer Batth<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/efl-documents/202021/efl-squad-numbering-11.09.2020.pdf |title=Notification of shirt numbers: Stoke City |publisher=English Football League |page=67 |access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref>
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1990|09|21}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11">{{cite book| editor-first = Barry J.| editor-last = Hugman| title = The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11| year = 2010| publisher = Mainstream Publishing| location = Edinburgh| isbn = 978-1-84596-601-0| page = 37 }}</ref>
|birth_place = [[Brierley Hill]], [[Dudley]], England
|height = {{height|ft=6|in=3}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11"/>
|position = [[Defender (association football)|Centre back]]
|currentclub = [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]]
|clubnumber = 21
|youthyears1 = 2000–2009 |youthclubs1 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Development Squad and Academy|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
|years1 = 2009–2019 |clubs1 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] |caps1 = 195 |goals1 = 14
|years2 = 2009–2010 |clubs2 = → [[Colchester United F.C.|Colchester United]] (loan) |caps2 = 17 |goals2 = 1
|years3 = 2010 |clubs3 = → [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] (loan) |caps3 = 1 |goals3 = 0
|years4 = 2011 |clubs4 = → [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] (loan) |caps4 = 10 |goals4 = 0
|years5 = 2011–2012 |clubs5 = → [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] (loan) |caps5 = 44 |goals5 = 2
|years6 = 2018–2019 |clubs6 = → [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |caps6 = 10 |goals6 = 0
|years7 = 2019–2022 |clubs7 = [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] |caps7 = 100 |goals7 = 5
|years8 = 2022–2023 |clubs8 = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |caps8 = 49 |goals8 = 1
|years9 = 2023– |clubs9 = [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]] |caps9 = 1 |goals9 = 0
|club-update = 19:15, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
}}
'''Daniel Tanveer Batth''' (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)|defender]] for [[EFL Championship]] club [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]].

Batth began his career with his local side [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], joining their [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Development Squad and Academy|youth academy]] as a teenager. In order to gain first-team experience he spent time out on loan at [[Colchester United F.C.|Colchester United]], [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] and [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] (twice). He broke into Wolves' first team in the [[2012–13 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2012–13]] season, and was made captain by [[Kenny Jackett]] for the [[2013–14 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2013–14]] season as Wolves won the [[EFL League One|League One]] title, with Batth being named in the [[PFA Team of the Year (2010s)|PFA Team of the Year]].

Batth remained a key member of the Wolves team as the play-offs were narrowly missed in [[2014–15 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2014–15]] before promotion to the [[Premier League]] was gained in [[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]. After not being considered by [[Nuno Espírito Santo]] for his Premier League squad, Batth joined [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] on loan in August 2018. Batth moved to [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] in January 2019 for a fee of £3 million. Batth spent three years at Stoke, making 107 appearances, before joining [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] in January 2022.

==Club career==
===Wolverhampton Wanderers===
====Early career====
Born in [[Brierley Hill]], [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]],<ref name="Hugman2010-11"/> Batth joined the [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] Academy at the age of 15. He attended [[Thorns Community College]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wolves' Danny Batth's tribute to friend killed in car crash |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/2014/04/06/wolves-danny-batths-tribute-to-friend-killed-in-car-crash/ |website=Express and Star |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> He captained the youth team and overcame a dislocated shoulder in his reserve team debut, aged 16. He was one of seven academy graduates to sign a professional deal at the end of the [[2008–09 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2008–09 season]].<ref name="WW profile">{{cite web|title=Danny Batth|url=http://www.wolves.co.uk/team/player-profile/index.aspx?playerid=432329&tcmuri=181191|publisher=Wolverhampton Wanderers FC|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.wolves.co.uk/team/player-profile/index.aspx?playerid=432329&tcmuri=181191|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref>

====Loan to Colchester United====
Batth had his first taste of first-team football when he was signed by [[Aidy Boothroyd]] for [[EFL League One|League One]] club [[Colchester United F.C.|Colchester United]] on loan on 17 September 2009. He made his [[The Football League|Football League]] and professional debut two days later, starting in central defence alongside [[Magnus Okuonghae]] in a 2–0 win over [[Hartlepool United F.C.|Hartlepool United]] and earning the [[man of the match]] award.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colchester Utd 2–0 Hartlepool United|url=http://coludata.co.uk/matchdetails.asp?mid=3447|work=Coludata.co.uk|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://coludata.co.uk/matchdetails.asp?mid=3447|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> After making five starts during his first month with the club, his loan was extended until the end of the season at the [[Colchester Community Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=BBC Sport|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/c/colchester_united/8308438.stm|title=Colchester extend defender loan|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/c/colchester_united/8308438.stm|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref>

On 20 February 2010, Batth scored his first professional goal with a header from a [[David Prutton]] corner to secure a 1–0 victory against [[Oldham Athletic A.F.C.|Oldham Athletic]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_2/8495723.stm|title=Colchester 1–0 Oldham|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_2/8495723.stm|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> Batth made 17 league starts for Colchester and made one substitute appearance, scoring one goal.<ref name="SB">{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=52337 |title=Danny Batth – Football Stats – Soccer Base |publisher=Soccerbase |access-date=16 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=52337 |archive-date=21 July 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> Colchester occupied a [[EFL League One play-offs|play-off]] position during a large part of Batth's spell.

====Loan to Sheffield United====
On his return to [[Molineux Stadium|Molineux]], Batth was named "Young Professional of the Year" at the club's end of season dinner.<ref name="WW profile"/> Following this, he made his competitive debut for Wolves in a [[EFL Cup|League Cup]] [[Overtime (sports)|extra time]] home win at the expense of [[Southend United F.C.|Southend United]] on 24 August 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wolverhampton 2–1 Southend|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/league_cup/8936647.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=24 August 2010|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/league_cup/8936647.stm|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> Three months later, he joined [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] on loan for one month,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2010/11/25/danny-batth-joins-sheffield-united/|title=Danny Batth joins Sheffield United|publisher=Express & Star|date=25 November 2010|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2010/11/25/danny-batth-joins-sheffield-united/|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> where he would make just a single substitute league appearance<ref name="SB"/> before being recalled to Wolves' [[Premier League]] squad for games against [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[West Ham United]] and [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], where he was a substitute.

====Loan to Sheffield Wednesday====
Batth then went out on loan once again to [[Sheffield]], only this time to [[Steel City derby|arch-rivals]] [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]. He joined the Owls on 16 March 2011 until the end of the season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sheffield Wednesday sign Wolves' Danny Batth on loan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/s/sheff_wed/9427139.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=16 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/s/sheff_wed/9427139.stm|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> His spell ended having made ten league appearances for the club.<ref name="SB"/>

Having impressed at Sheffield Wednesday during his loan stint the previous season, the club moved to re-sign him on loan once again, agreeing another six-month spell on 26 July 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sheffield Wednesday re-sign Danny Batth on loan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14300995|publisher=BBC Sport|date=26 July 2011|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14300995|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy}}</ref> In December 2011, the loan was extended to the end of the season, as the Owls challenged for promotion to the [[EFL Championship|Championship]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sheffield Wednesday agree extension of Danny Batth loan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16290517|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14300995|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy}}</ref> He scored in a 2–0 away win at [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]] on New Year's Eve 2011,<ref>{{cite news|title=Preston 0–2 Sheffield Wed|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16325033|publisher=BBC Sport|date=31 December 2011|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16325033|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> and a second league goal on 10 March 2012 in a 3–0 win against [[A.F.C. Bournemouth|Bournemouth]] at [[Hillsborough Stadium|Hillsborough]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sheffield Wed 3–0 Bournemouth|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17243531|publisher=BBC Sport|date=10 March 2012|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17243531|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> Batth finished his second stay at Sheffield Wednesday having totalled 49 appearances in all competitions, and having been part of their promotion as League One runners-up.<ref name="SB"/> He was voted runner-up in the club's "Player of the Season" award as a result of his fine season.

====Return to Wolverhampton Wanderers====
Batth began the [[2012–13 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2012–13 season]] back at Wolves, with Sheffield Wednesday manager [[Dave Jones (footballer born 1956)|Dave Jones]] ruling out a return for the defender.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19342727|title=Sheffield Wednesday boss Dave Jones praises Rodri debut|date=22 August 2012|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19342727|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy}}</ref> Back in Wolves' colours, he scored the opening goal in a League Cup defeat of [[Northampton Town F.C.|Northampton Town]] on 30 August 2012,<ref>{{cite news|title=Northampton 1–3 Wolves|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19352817|author=Mike Whalley|date=30 August 2012|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19352817|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy}}</ref> and then scored his first league goal for Wolves with a late equaliser in a 2–2 draw with [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] on 9 February 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wolves 2–2 Leeds|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21311670|date=9 February 2013|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21311670|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy}}</ref> In his first full season in the Wolves first-team, Batth accumulated twelve league and two cup appearances in addition to his two goals.<ref name="SB"/> The club were however relegated from the Championship at the end of the campaign and took up the option on Batth's contract of an additional year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Options taken up|publisher=Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|url=http://www.wolves.co.uk/news/article/retained-list-826143.aspx|date=17 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.wolves.co.uk/news/article/retained-list-826143.aspx|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy}}</ref>

Following Wolves' relegation to League One, the club installed [[Kenny Jackett]] as head coach for the [[2013–14 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2013–14 season]]. One of his first acts as manager was to give Batth the vice-captaincy at the club. Wolves enjoyed a hugely successful season and gained automatic promotion back to the Championship with four games to spare. Batth was the only ever-present in the promotion-winning side, playing all 46 league games in a season where Wolves won the League One title with a division record of 103 points.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2014/05/04/wolves-lift-the-league-one-trophy/ |title=Wolves lift the League One trophy – in pictures and video |work=Express & Star |date=26 November 2014 |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021133104/http://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2014/05/04/wolves-lift-the-league-one-trophy/ |archive-date=21 October 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> In January 2014 he signed a long-term deal with the club that ran until summer 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Danny Batth signs new Wolves contract|work=Express & Star|date=14 January 2014|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2014/01/14/danny-batth-signs-new-wolves-contract/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2014/01/14/danny-batth-signs-new-wolves-contract/|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead
}}</ref> Batth was also named in the [[PFA Team of the Year (2010s)#League One 5|PFA League One Team of the Year]]<ref>{{cite news|title=League One team of the year 2014|publisher=PFA|date=27 April 2014|url=http://www.thepfa.com/thepfa/pfaawards/l1-team-of-the-year-2014/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209142031/http://www.thepfa.com/thepfa/pfaawards/l1-team-of-the-year-2014/|archive-date=9 December 2014}}</ref>

The [[2014–15 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2014–15 season]] was Batth's first as a regular in the Championship. He remained as the only ever-present since Jackett's arrival, playing in every game of a side that had won 50 out of 86 games. Wolves got off to a positive start, maintaining a play-off position until mid-November as Batth formed a solid partnership with [[Richard Stearman]]. The club held the best defensive record in the league for the majority of the season, keeping 15 clean sheets along the way.{{cn|date=July 2023}} In December 2014, Batth scored an 88th-minute equaliser for Wolves in a 1–1 draw against [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] at Molineux.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wolves 1–1 Brighton |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30459412 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> A string of commanding performances led to rumours of interest from local rivals [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]].<ref>{{cite news|work=Sky Sports |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9403144/transfer-news-wolves-have-no-intention-of-selling-danny-batth |title=Transfer news: Wolves have no intention of selling Danny Batth |date=1 August 2014 |access-date=23 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423104018/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9403144/transfer-news-wolves-have-no-intention-of-selling-danny-batth |archive-date=23 April 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> Wolves continued to be in the hunt for the play-offs with two games to play of the season but missed out on goals scored to [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Wolves 4–2 Millwall |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32460070 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> On 23 April it was revealed that Batth was facing a three-month layoff due to a stress fracture to his foot.<ref>{{cite news |title=Danny Batth: Injured Wolves defender to miss end of season |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32432636 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> Batth played 39 times for Wolves in [[2015–16 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2015–16]] as they finished in 14th position.<ref name="2015/16"/>

Batth scored in a 3–1 win against rivals Birmingham City on 20 August 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Birmingham 1–3 Wolves |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37067354 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> On 22 September 2016, the day after his 26th birthday, he signed a new four-year contract with Wolves to potentially tie him to the club until summer 2020.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37446018|title=Danny Batth: Wolves skipper signs new four-year contract at Molineux|date=22 September 2016|access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref> On 1 April 2017, Batth scored twice against [[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]] moving Wolves eight points clear of the relegation zone.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wolves 3–1 Cardiff |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39390887 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> He scored in the final match of the [[2016–17 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2016–17 season]], a 1–0 win against [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]] which secured 15th place for Wolves.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wolves 1–0 Preston |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39760476 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> Portuguese manager [[Nuno Espírito Santo]] was appointed ahead of the [[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]] campaign which proved a very successful one for Wolves as they won the Championship title with 99 points.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wolves 0–0 Sheff Wed |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/43846716 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref>

====Loan to Middlesbrough====
On 31 August 2018, Batth returned to the [[EFL Championship|Championship]], after joining [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] on a season-long loan deal, after falling out of favour with Wolves, after they had been promoted to the [[Premier League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Middlesbrough sign George Saville and Danny Batth on loan |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11680/11487162/middlesbrough-sign-george-saville-and-danny-batth-on-loan |access-date=22 September 2018 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]] |date=31 August 2018}}</ref> Batth made 13 appearances under [[Tony Pulis]] at Middlesbrough before his loan was cut short in January 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Danny Batth Departs Boro |url=https://www.mfc.co.uk/news/danny-batth-departs-boro |website=Middlesbrough |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>

===Stoke City===
Batth joined [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] on 29 January 2019 on a three-and-a-half year contract for a fee understood to be an initial £3 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stoke City: Danny Batth completes moves from Wolves |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47040051 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Batth made his Stoke debut on 2 February 2019 against [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] and was given the captain's armband by [[Nathan Jones (Welsh footballer)|Nathan Jones]] in the absence of [[Ryan Shawcross]].<ref>{{cite web |title=New acquisition speaks of his pride after being handed captaincy on his Potters bow |url=https://www.stokecityfc.com/news/captaincy-surprised-batth |website=Stoke City |access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> Batth played 17 times in the remainder of the [[2018–19 Stoke City F.C. season|2018–19]] season as Stoke finished in 16th place.<ref name="2018/19"/> Batth helped improve the Potters defence with the side keeping eight clean sheets.<ref>{{cite web |title=If this happens, Danny Batth has to be a strong contender for Stoke City player of the season |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-city-danny-batth-award-2732453 |website=Stoke Sentinel |date=8 April 2019 |access-date=13 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=From drunk grandad to the comeback kid - how Stoke City's goalkeepers and defenders rated in 2018/19 |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/gallery/stoke-city-201819-player-ratings-2859565 |website=Stoke Sentinel |date=12 May 2019 |access-date=13 May 2019}}</ref>

Batth scored his first goal for Stoke in an [[EFL Cup]] tie against [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] on 27 August 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49403080 |title=Leeds 2-2 Stoke|date=27 August 2019 |publisher=BBC|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> Stoke made a poor start to the [[2019–20 Stoke City F.C. season|2019–20]] season failing to win any of the first ten matches under Jones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Skipper assures Stoke City fans that players are desperate to put things right |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-city-batth-bristol-city-3313501 |website=Stoke Sentinel |date=13 September 2019 |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> Speaking in May 2020 Batth said he believed that Stoke made such a poor start because Jones brought in too many new players.<ref>{{cite web |title=At home with... Stoke duo Danny Batth and Sam Vokes |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11688/11990419/at-home-with-stoke-duo-danny-batth-and-sam-vokes |website=Sky Sports |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Danny Batth and Sam Vokes open up on life under Nathan Jones and how Michael O'Neill is turning things around |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-city-championship-sky-sports-4147544 |website=Stoke Sentinel |date=19 May 2020 |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> Jones was replaced by [[Michael O'Neill (footballer)|Michael O'Neill]] in November and results began to improve.<ref>{{cite web |title=This is why - Defender on reason behind Stoke City upsurge |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-batth-oneill-swansea-sky-3774051 |website=Stoke Sentinel |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> Batth scored in three of the final four matches as Stoke gained ten points to avoid relegation and finish in 15th position.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nottingham Forest 1–4 Stoke City |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53412704 |access-date=23 July 2020}}</ref> In the [[2020–21 Stoke City F.C. season|2020–21 season]], Batth made 32 appearances as Stoke finished in 14th position.<ref name="2020/21"/><ref>{{cite news |title=AFC Bournemouth 0–2 Stoke City |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56953367 |access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref>

===Sunderland===
On 18 January 2022, Batth joined League One side [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] on a free transfer, signing an eighteen-month deal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/danny-batth-signs-for-sunderland|title=Danny Batth signs for SAFC|website=safc.com|date=18 January 2022}}</ref> He scored his first goal for Sunderland against [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] on 23 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61124863 |title=Sunderland 5-1 Cambridge |date=23 April 2022 |work=BBC Sport|access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref>

===Norwich City===
Batth joined [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]] on a one-year contract in September 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunderland's Danny Batth and Nottingham Forest's Hwang Ui-jo join Canaries |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66695149 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>

==International career==
While never representing England at any level, Batth is technically eligible to play for [[India national football team|India]] through his father. However, he was left frustrated by Indian residency rules and passport regulations in July 2017, and has yet to play for the country.<ref name="Sky Sports">{{cite web|publisher=Sky Sports |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11699/10940401/wolves-skipper-danny-batth-left-frustrated-by-his-quest-to-play-for-india|title=Wolves skipper Danny Batth left frustrated by his quest to play for India|date=7 July 2017|access-date=7 July 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Batth is of mixed [[English people|English]] and [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sher Punjabi|url=http://www.punjabiwolves.com/?goal=content&mode=news_details&id=185|publisher=Punjabi Wolves|access-date=16 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721195910/http://www.punjabiwolves.com/?goal=content&mode=news_details&id=185|archive-date=21 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy
}}</ref> Batth set up his own charity in August 2017, Foundation DB, with his partner Natalie Ann Cutler, to raise money to combat homelessness in [[Wolverhampton]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Foundation DB|url=https://www.foundationdb.co.uk/|website=Foundation DB|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701233111/https://www.foundationdb.co.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wolves captain Danny Batth to tackle homelessness in city with new charity foundation |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/local-hubs/wolverhampton/2017/08/30/wolves-captain-danny-batth-to-tackle-homelessness-in-city-with-new-charity-foundation---with-pictures/ |website=Express & Star |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{{updated|match played 30 September 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Danny Batth profile|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=52337|website=Soccerbase|access-date=15 August 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|FA Cup
!colspan="2"|League Cup
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=10|[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
|[[2009–10 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="2009/10">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2009}}</ref>
|[[Premier League]]
|0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0
|-
|[[2010–11 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="2010/11">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2010}}</ref>
|Premier League
|0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||1||0
|-
|[[2012–13 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2012–13]]<ref name="2012/13">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2012}}</ref>
|[[EFL Championship|Championship]]
|12||1||0||0||2||1||colspan="2"|—||14||2
|-
|[[2013–14 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2013–14]]<ref name="2013/14">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2013}}</ref>
|[[EFL League One|League One]]
|46||2||2||0||1||0||1{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}}||0||50||2
|-
|[[2014–15 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2014–15]]<ref name="2014/15">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2014}}</ref>
|Championship
|44||4||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||46||4
|-
|[[2015–16 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2015–16]]<ref name="2015/16">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2015}}</ref>
|Championship
|38||2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||39||2
|-
|[[2016–17 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2016–17]]<ref name="2016/17">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2016}}</ref>
|Championship
|39||3||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||41||3
|-
|[[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref name="2017/18">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2017}}</ref>
|Championship
|16||1||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|—||21||2
|-
|[[2018–19 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name="2018/19">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2018}}</ref>
|Premier League
|0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!195!!14!!7!!0!!9!!2!!1!!0!!212!!16
|-
|[[Colchester United F.C.|Colchester United]] (loan)
|[[2009–10 Colchester United F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref name="2009/10"/>
|League One
|17||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||18||1
|-
|[[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] (loan)
|[[2010–11 Sheffield United F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="2010/11"/>
|Championship
|1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] (loan)
|[[2010–11 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref name="2010/11"/>
|League One
|10||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||0
|-
|[[2011–12 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref name="2011/12">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2011}}</ref>
|League One
|44||2||4||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||49||3
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!54!!2!!4!!0!!1!!0!!colspan="2"|—||59!!2
|-
|[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] (loan)
|[[2018–19 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name="2018/19"/>
|Championship
|10||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||13||0
|-
|rowspan=5|[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]]
|[[2018–19 Stoke City F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name="2018/19"/>
|Championship
|17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||17||0
|-
|[[2019–20 Stoke City F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref name="2019/20">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2019}}</ref>
|Championship
|43||4||0||0||2||1||colspan="2"|—||45||5
|-
|[[2020–21 Stoke City F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref name="2020/21">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2020}}</ref>
|Championship
|29||1||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||32||1
|-
|[[2021–22 Stoke City F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref name="2021/22">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2021}}</ref>
|Championship
|11||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||13||0
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!100!!5!!1!!0!!6!!1!!colspan="2"|—||107!!6
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]
|[[2021–22 Sunderland A.F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref name="2021/22"/>
|League One
|9||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs]]}}||0||12||1
|-
|[[2022–23 Sunderland A.F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref name="2023/24">{{Soccerbase season|id=52337|season=2022}}</ref>
|Championship
|40||0||2||0||0||0||0||0||42||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Sunderland A.F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref name="2023/24"/>
|Championship
|0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||1||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!49!!1!!2!!0!!1!!0!!3!!0!!55!!1
|-
|[[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]]
|[[2023–24 Norwich City F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref name="2023/24"/>
|Championship
|1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!427!!23!!15!!0!!20!!3!!4!!0!!456!!26
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
'''Sheffield Wednesday'''
*[[Football League One]] runner-up: [[2011–12 Football League One|2011–12]]

'''Wolverhampton Wanderers'''
*[[EFL Championship]]: [[2017–18 EFL Championship|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=John |editor-last=Anderson |title=Football Yearbook 2018–2019 |year=2018 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-1-4722-6106-9 |pages=386–387}}</ref>
*Football League One: [[2013–14 Football League One|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 3–0 Carlise United |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27167811 |access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref>

'''Sunderland'''
* [[EFL League One play-offs]]: [[2022 English Football League play-offs#League One|2022]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61447041 |title=Sunderland 2–0 Wycombe |first=Chris |last=Paddy |website=BBC Sport |date=21 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref>

'''Individual'''
*[[Football League Awards|Football League One Team of the Season]]: [[2013–14 Football League One|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite web |title=League 1 Team of the Season 2013/14 |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2014/may/sky-bet-league-1-team-of-the-season-201314/ |website=efl.com |publisher=English Football League |access-date=1 August 2018}}</ref>
*[[PFA Team of the Year]]: [[PFA Team of the Year (2010s)#League One 5|2013–14 League One]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27180793 |title=Luis Suarez: Liverpool striker wins PFA Player of the Year award |publisher=BBC Sport |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>

* [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] Player of the Year: [[2022–23 Sunderland A.F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2023 |title=Batth wins Club award |url=https://www.safc.com:443/news/team-news/2023/april/season-awards/batth-wins-poty |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Sunderland Association Football Club}}</ref>

*[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] Young Player of the Season: [[2009–10 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2009–10]]<ref>{{cite web |title=End of Season Dinner – Live! |url=http://www.wolves.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10307~2043559%2C00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507174202/http://www.wolves.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10307~2043559%2C00.html |archive-date=7 May 2010 |access-date=1 August 2018 |website=Wolves |publisher=Wolves Website}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of Sikh footballers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Soccerbase}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards
| bg = gold
| fg = navy
| list1 =
{{2013–14 Football League One PFA Team of the Year}}
{{Sunderland A.F.C. Player of the Year}}
}}
{{Norwich City F.C. squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Batth, Danny}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:British Asian footballers]]
[[Category:Colchester United F.C. players]]
[[Category:English Football League players]]
[[Category:English men's footballers]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Middlesbrough F.C. players]]
[[Category:People from Brierley Hill]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:English people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Sheffield United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players]]
[[Category:Stoke City F.C. players]]
[[Category:Sunderland A.F.C. players]]
[[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]]
[[Category:Norwich City F.C. players]]

Dalip Kaur Tiwana

2023-10-03T15:37:16Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|Indian writer (1935–2020)}}
{{More citations needed|date =January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
|image = DalipKaurTiwana.jpg
|imagesize = 200px
| name = Dalip Kaur Tiwana
| image_name =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name=
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|5|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = Rabbon, [[Ludhiana District]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], British India
| death_date ={{death date and age|2020|1|31|1935|5|4|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| occupation = novelist, short-story writer
| nationality =
| period =
| genre = novel, short-story
| subject =
| movement =
|notableworks =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website =
}}
'''Dalip Kaur Tiwana''' ( 4 May 1935 – 31 January 2020) was one of the foremost novelists and short-story writers of contemporary [[Punjabi literature]]. She won awards, both regional and national, and was a widely translated author. She retired as Professor of Punjabi, and Dean, from Punjabi University, Patiala. She is widely credited as a tour-de-force in the creation of the contemporary literature in the Punjabi language.

==Biography==
Dalip Kaur Tiwana was born on 4 May 1935 in the village of Rabbon in the [[Ludhiana district]] of [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]] in a well-to-do land-owning family in British India. She was educated at Patiala, where her uncle, Sardar Sahib Tara Singh Sidhu was Inspector General of Prisons. She had a distinguished academic career. She earned first class honors in the pursuit of her M.A., and then received a PhD degree from the [[Panjab University, Chandigarh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ludhianadistrict.com/personality/dalip-kaur-tiwana.php|title=Dr. Dalip Kaur Tiwana|website=Ludhianadistrict.com|access-date=31 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106192217/http://www.ludhianadistrict.com/personality/dalip-kaur-tiwana.php|archive-date=6 January 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1963, she joined the [[Punjabi University]], [[Patiala]] as a lecturer and then went on to become professor<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.quamiekta.com/englishnews/p.php?q=1353 |title = Privacy Policy | Punjab News - Quami Ekta Punjabi Newspaper (ਕੌਮੀ ਏਕਤ… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908203514/http://www.quamiekta.com/englishnews/p.php?q=1353 |archive-date=8 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and head of the department of Punjabi, and dean, faculty of languages. She was also a UGC National Lecturer for a year. She often lectured in England, United States, and Canada where she also received awards for her contributions to the literature.

She was married to sociologist and poet and professor Bhupinder Singh and has a son Dr Simranjit Singh, who is an assistant professor of electronics engineering at Punjabi University. Dr. Tiwana lived with her family on the campus of Punjabi University, Patiala, where she was life fellow and writer-in-residence.

On 14 October 2015, she renounced her Padma Shri award (the highest honor for an Indian writer bestowed by the country) against increasing 'intolerance' in the country. She received this award in 2004 for her contribution to literature and education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/writer-returns-padma-shri-rss-lashes-out/|title=Writer Dalip Kaur Tiwana returns Padma Shri, RSS lashes out|date=14 October 2015|website=Indianexpress.com|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref>

==Collection==
===Novels===
#Agni Prikhya
#Eho Hamara Jiwna
#Waat Hamari
#Teeli da Nishaan
#Sooraj te Samandar
#Doosri Seeta
#Within Without
#Sarkandyaan de Des
#Dhupp Chhaan te Rukh
#Sabh Des Paraya
#Hey Ram
#Lambi Udaari
#Peele Pattyaan di daastan
#Hastaakhar
#Pairchaal
#Rin Pittraan da
#Air Wair Mildayaan
#Langh gaye dariya
#Jimi Puchhay Asmaan
#Katha Kuknoos Di
#Duni Suhava Baagh
#Katha Kaho Urvashi
#Bhaujal
#Oh taan pari si
#Moh maaya
#Janam Juye Haarya
#Khada Pukare Pattani
#Paunaan di jind meri
#Khitij ton paar
#Teen lok se nyari
#Tumri katha kahi na jaye
#Vichre Sabho Vaari Vaari
#Takhat Hazara Door Kude

===Stories===
#Merian saariyaan kahaniyaan
#Kise da Munda
#Saadhna
#Yaatra Na Kro Corona hega
#Ik kudi
#Tera Kamra mera kamra
#Panjaan Vich Prmeshar
#Fullan Dian Kahaniyaan
#Panchhiyaan Dian Kahaniyaan
#Baabaniyaan Kahaniyaan
#Putt Saputt Karen
#Paidaan
#Kaale Likh Na Lekh
#Athhe Pehar
#Rab Te Ruttan
#Vedna (1958)
#Yatra
#Tera kamra mera kamra
#Pira (1965)
#Malan
#Merian saariyan kahaniyaan (1995)

===Autobiography===
#Nange Pairaan da safar
#Poochte ho to suno
#Turdyaan Turdyaan

===Essays===
#Tere mere sarokaar
#Jeeun joge<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/literature/dalipktiwana.html|title=Dr. Dalip Kaur Tiwana|first=Sandeep Singh|last=Bajwa|website=Sikh-history.com|access-date=31 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226110824/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/literature/dalipktiwana.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===English Translations===
#Such is her fate (Punjabi University)
#A journey on bare feet (Orient Longman)
#Twilight+Mark of the nosepin (NBT, Delhi)
#Gone are the rivers (Macmillan)
#The tale of the phoenix (Unistar, Chandigarh)
#Who am I (Diamond Pocket Books, Delhi)
#Tell the tale Urvashi (Orient Blackswan).
Who Am I? ( trans. Dr. Rajinder Singh) Who am I is the story of a young and educated married woman, who feels suffocated in her monotonous life and chooses to renounce the world for self-realization. She follows a group of sadhus and sadhvis to Hardwar, but from there moves on alone in her quest for truth.

The characters in Tiwana's novels and short-stories are the downtrodden and the innocent rural folk with suppressed desires and passions. Tragedy and irony mark the main elements of her fiction. Complex inner duality of the female psyche is the chief theme of Tiwana.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} Besides her achievement in fiction, Tiwana has also written two books on literary criticism.

==Awards==
'''Academic'''
* Honored with UGC National Lecturership.
'''Literary'''
* Govt. of Punjab Award for Sadhana as the best book of short stories, 1960–61.
* Woman of the year - American biographical institute, USA, 1955
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1971 for novel ''[[Eho Hamara Jeevna]]'' (This our life, 1969)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10316.htm#punjabi |title=Awards & fellowships-Akademi Awards |access-date=31 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331234058/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10316.htm |archive-date=31 March 2009 }}</ref>
* Ministry of Education and Social Welfare Award for ''Punjaan Vich Parmeshar'' in 1975
* Nanak Singh Puruskar (Languages Department, Govt. of Punjab) for the novel ''Peele Patian Di Dastan''
* Gurmukh Singh Musafir Award (Languages Department, Govt. of Punjab) for the autobiography ''Nange Pairan Da Safar'' in 1982
* Canadian International Association of Punjabi Authors and Artists Award, 1985.
* Shiromani Sahitkar Award, Languages Department, Govt. of Punjab, 1987.
* Pramaan Pattar from Punjab Govt. 1989.
* Dhaliwal Award from Punjabi Sahit Academy, Ludhiana, 1991.
* Best Novelist of the Decade (1980–90), Punjabi Academy, Delhi, 1993.
* Nanjanagudu Thirumalamba Award for the novel ''Katha Kuknus Di'', Karnataka, 1994
* Vagdevi Award for the novel ''Duni Suhava Bagh'' from Bhartiya Bhasha Parishad, Calcutta, 1998
* Honored with Mata Sahib Kaur Award during the tercentenary celebrations of the Birth of the Khalsa for outstanding contribution in the field of language, art and literature at Anandpur Sahib on 11 April 1999.
* Kartar Singh Dhaliwal Award (Lifetime achievement) from Punjabi Sahit Academy, Ludhiana, 2000
* [[Saraswati Samman]] in 2001 for novel ''Katha Kaho Urvashi''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020125/nation.htm#8|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Nation|website=Tribuneindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Padma Shri Award]] in 2004 for Literature & Education<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref>
* Panj Pani Award from Jalandhar Doordarshan, 2005.
* Punjabi Sahit Rattan Award from Govt. of Punjab, 2008.
* Honorary D.Litt. from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 2011.

==See also==

*[[List of Punjabi authors]]
*[[List of Punjabi language poets]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://hook2book.com/index.php?rt=product/search&keyword=Daleep%20Kaur%20Tiwana&category_id=0&page=1&limit=45 All Books of Dalip Kaur Tiwana]

{{Saraswati Samman}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwana, Dalip}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Saraswati Samman Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Punjabi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education]]
[[Category:Novelists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sikh writers]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:People from Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Punjabi University]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]

Chandeep Uppal

2023-10-03T15:36:53Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use British English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|British actress (born 1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Use British English|date= October 2023}}

'''Chandeep Uppal''' (born 19 July 1988) is a British actress best known for her critically acclaimed starring role as Meena Kumar in the film ''[[Anita and Me (film)|Anita and Me]]''.

==Career==
Uppal is known for her performances in the [[British Academy Film Awards|Bafta Award]]-winning children's series ''[[My Life as a Popat]]'', in which she plays Dimple, the outspoken, teenage daughter of a [[British Indians|British-Indian]] family.

She played barmaid Narinder Gurai in the [[soap opera]] ''[[Echo Beach (TV series)|Echo Beach]]'', which ran from January to March 2008. She played the role of Ayesha Begham in an episode of ''[[Holby City]]'' and appeared on the popular sketch show, [[Harry and Paul]], for the BBC. She made two appearances in [[BBC]] drama series ''[[Waterloo Road (TV series)|Waterloo Road]]'' in episodes 15 and 16 of the current fourth series as Waffa. She again starred in Holby City as Sunita Majvi, a character with cancer who befriends the temporarily paralysed nurse [[Maria Kendall]]. Her character died on Tuesday 13 October in the episode entitled "The Uncertainty Principle". Chandeep played the part of Amita (one of Del's 'fiancées') in the ''[[Rock & Chips]]'' 2010 Christmas Special: "Five Gold Rings".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00jzm33 | title=BBC One - Waterloo Road, Series 4, Episode 16}}</ref>

Uppal appears in the BBC comedy thriller, ''[[The Wrong Mans (UK TV series)|The Wrong Mans]]'', as Sabrina.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/wrong-mans-cast.html | title=Cast announced for The Wrong Mans on BBC Two | work=BBC | date=28 January 2013 | accessdate=10 October 2013 | archive-date=26 September 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926202650/http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2013/wrong-mans-cast.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> The show was written by, and stars, [[Mathew Baynton]] and [[James Corden]]. The premiere was on 24 September 2013.

She featured as Frankie opposite Ainsley Howard in three episodes of the third series of Sky 1 comedy ''[[Mount Pleasant (TV series)|Mount Pleasant]]'' in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/10499270.Stretford_Mall_shoppers_get_close_to_the_action_as_TV_comedy_series_is_filmed/?ref=nt | title=Stretford Mall shoppers get close to the action as TV comedy series is filmed| date=27 June 2013}}</ref>

In January 2020, Uppal appeared as murder suspect Jasra Hatoum in the third series of light-hearted crime drama ''[[Shakespeare & Hathaway: Private Investigators]]''.

She also helped found The Space Birmingham, an agency that helps to promote digital engagement across the arts and cultural sector.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaur |first1=Rupinder |title=Chandeep Uppal. The Space. Birmingham |url=http://www.sikhentrepreneur.com/chandeep-uppal-the-space-birmingham/ |website=Sikh Entrepreneur |accessdate=28 January 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128143941/http://www.sikhentrepreneur.com/chandeep-uppal-the-space-birmingham/ |archivedate=28 January 2019 |date=16 July 2014}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Film===
* 2002: ''[[Anita and Me (film)|Anita & Me]]'' - Meena Kumar

===Television===
* 2004–2007: ''[[My Life as a Popat]]'' - Dimple Popat (12 episodes)
* 2007: ''All About Me'' - Anji (television film)
* 2008: ''[[Echo Beach (TV series)|Echo Beach]]'' - Narinder Gurai (12 episodes)
* 2008: ''[[Moving Wallpaper]]'' - Herself (4 episodes; uncredited)
* 2009: ''[[Waterloo Road (TV series)|Waterloo Road]]'' - Waffa ([[List of Waterloo Road episodes|2 episodes]])
* 2008–2009: ''[[Holby City]]'' - Sunita Mavji/Ayesha Begum ([[List of Holby City episodes|5 episodes]])
* 2010: ''[[Rock & Chips]]'' - Amita ([[Five Gold Rings|1 episode]])
* 2013: ''A Nice Arrangement'' - Jaswinder
* 2013: ''[[The Wrong Mans (UK TV series)|The Wrong Mans]]'' - Sabrina
* 2013: ''[[Mount Pleasant (TV series)|Mount Pleasant]]'' - Frankie
* 2019: ''[[Doctors (2000 TV series)|Doctors]]'' - Bahija Uppal (1 episode)
* 2020: ''Shakespeare and Hathaway: Private Investigators'' - Jasra Hatoum (Series 3, Episode 5)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1100762|name=Chandeep Uppal}}
* [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article833464.ece Times Online article]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uppal, Chandeep}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Birmingham, West Midlands]]
[[Category:British actresses of Asian descent]]
[[Category:English child actresses]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:English Sikhs]]
[[Category:English soap opera actresses]]

{{UK-screen-actor-stub}}

Burberry

2023-10-03T15:36:19Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {{Use British English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|British luxury fashion house}}
{{For|the shrub|Barberry}}
{{Use British English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Burberry Group plc
| logo = Logo Burberry 01.svg
| image = Burberry - Store (51396234449).jpg
| image_alt = Burberry location on 5th Avenue in Manhattan
| image_caption = Location on [[Fifth Avenue]], Manhattan
| type = [[Public limited company]]
| traded_as = {{lse|BRBY}} [[FTSE 100 Index|FTSE 100 component]]
| founder = [[Thomas Burberry]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1856}} in [[Basingstoke]], England
| locations = 418 (2022)
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|class=nowrap|[[Gerry Murphy (businessman)|Gerry Murphy]] ([[chairperson]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Fashion house Burberry appoints Gerry Murphy as chairman |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5f7b9202-3f12-11e8-b7e0-52972418fec4 |website=Financial Times |access-date=5 May 2023 |date=13 April 2018}}</ref>|Jonathan Akeroyd ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref>{{cite web |last1=WW |first1=FashionNetwork com |title=Versace's Jonathan Akeroyd is new Burberry CEO |url=https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Versace-s-jonathan-akeroyd-is-new-burberry-ceo,1345524.html |website=FashionNetwork.com |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=en-WW}}</ref>|[[Daniel Lee (designer)|Daniel Lee]] ([[Chief creative officer|CCO]])<ref>{{cite news |last=Scott |first=Fiona Sinclair |date=21 February 2023 |title=Burberry's Daniel Lee makes his big debut at London Fashion Week |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/burberry-daniel-lee-debut-collection-london-fashion-week/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref>}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|GB0031743007}}
| industry = [[Fashion industry|Fashion]]
| location = [[London]], England, UK
| products = {{flatlist|
*Ready-to-wear
*handbags
*leather accessories
*footwear
}}
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} [[Pound sterling|£]]3,094 million (2023)<ref name="ar">{{cite web|url=https://www.burberryplc.com/content/dam/burberryplc/corporate/documents/annual-report-2022-23/Annual-report-2022-23.pdf|title=Annual Report 2023|publisher=Burberry|access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} £657 million (2023)<ref name="ar"/>
| net_income = {{increase}} £492 million (2023)<ref name="ar"/>
| num_employees = 8,868 (2023)<ref name="ar"/>
| num_employees_year =
| parent =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://burberry.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Burberry Group plc''' is a British [[Luxury goods|luxury]] [[fashion house]] established in 1856 by [[Thomas Burberry]] and headquartered in [[London]], England.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-09 |title=Burberry: The History and Heritage of the Iconic Luxury Brand |url=https://luxity.co.za/history-of-burberry/ |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Luxity |language=en-ZA}}</ref> It currently designs and distributes [[ready to wear]], including [[trench coat]]s (for which it is most famous), leather accessories, and footwear.

==History==

===Early years, 19th century===
Burberry was founded in 1856 when 21-year-old [[Thomas Burberry]], a former draper's apprentice, opened his own store in [[Basingstoke]], Hampshire, England.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |url=http://www.burberryplc.com/about_burberry/company-history |title=''Burberry History'' |publisher=Burberryplc.com |access-date=4 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622090514/http://www.burberryplc.com/about_burberry/company-history |archive-date=22 June 2015 }}</ref> By 1870, the business had established itself by focusing on the development of outdoors attire.<ref name="history"/> In 1879, Burberry introduced [[gabardine]] to his brand, a hardwearing, water-resistant yet breathable fabric, in which the yarn is waterproofed before weaving.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chastain|first=Sue|date=4 December 1985|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/25081026.html?dids=25081026:25081026&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+04%2C+1985&author=Sue+Chastain%2C+Knight-Ridder+Newspapers&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=TRENCHANT+COAT+CUFFS+MAY+FRAY+AND+BUTTONS+MAY+POP%2C+BUT+A+TRUE+BELIEVER+WON%27T+ABANDON+HIS+BURBERRY.&pqatl=google|title=Trenchant coat cuffs may fray and buttons may pop but a true believer won't abandon his Burberry|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=40|access-date=15 March 2015|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105234155/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/25081026.html?dids=25081026%3A25081026&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Dec+04%2C+1985&author=Sue+Chastain%2C+Knight-Ridder+Newspapers&pub=Chicago+Tribune+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=TRENCHANT+COAT+CUFFS+MAY+FRAY+AND+BUTTONS+MAY+POP%2C+BUT+A+TRUE+BELIEVER+WON%27T+ABANDON+HIS+BURBERRY.&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1891, Burberry opened a shop in [[the Haymarket]], London.<ref name="history"/>

===20th century===
[[File:Burberry pattern.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|Burberry check]]
In 1901, the Burberry Equestrian Knight logo was developed containing the Latin word "Prorsum", meaning "forwards", and it was registered as a trademark in 1909.<ref name="history"/> In 1911, the company became the outfitters for [[Roald Amundsen]],<ref name="history"/> the first man to reach the [[South Pole]], and [[Ernest Shackleton]], who led a 1914 expedition to cross Antarctica. A Burberry gabardine jacket was worn by [[George Mallory]] on his attempt on [[Mount Everest]] in 1924.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 October 2011 |title=Mallory and Irvine: Should we solve Everest's mystery? |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher= |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-15123551 |access-date=9 March 2014}}</ref>

Adapted to meet the needs of military personnel, the "[[trench coat]]"<ref name="history"/> was born during the First World War; it was worn by British officers in the trenches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry trench coat: a style pioneer |url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/90884/burberry-trench-coat-a-style-pioneer?amp |website=The Week UK |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> After the war, it became popular with civilians.<ref>{{cite web |title=The fascinating history of the Burberry trench coat – and the best styles to buy now |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/a41964443/burberry-trench-coat/ |website=Harper's BAZAAR |access-date=1 May 2023 |date=21 February 2023}}</ref> The Burberry check has been in use since at least the 1920s, primarily as a lining in its trench coats.<ref name="history"/> The celebrity motorcycling sisters [[Betty and Nancy Debenham]] wore their trench coats for travelling and racing in the 1920s and recommeded the garment in their 1928 book ''Motor-Cycling for Women''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Harriet |date=2023-07-28 |title=How Burberry dressed Britain’s female thrill-seekers |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/burberry-aviation-fashion-times-luxury-lrv0c9vw3 |access-date=2023-07-29 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Debenham |first=Betty & Nancy |title=Motorcycling for Women 1928: A Book for the Lady Driver, Sidecar Passenger and Pillion Rider}}</ref> Burberry also specially designed aviation garments. They outfitted [[Mrs Victor Bruce]] for her 1930 round the world flight and her one woman flight to Japan. She wore a reversible coat with waterproof gabardine outside for flying and with a tweed inner side which could be turned outside to create a smart look for disembarking under the glare of the publicity her exploites attracted.<ref name=":1" /> In 1937, [[A. E. Clouston]] and [[Betty Kirby-Green]] broke the world record for the fastest return flight from London to Cape Town in ''The Burberry'' airplane that was sponsored by the brand.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://forum.keypublishing.com/showthread.php?95871-DH-Comet-G-ACSS-amp-The-Burberry-Racer-Project
|title = The Burberry Comet (G-ACSS) Racer Project
|access-date = 18 May 2013
|date = 20 November 2009
|publisher = Key Publishing Ltd
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131207101826/http://forum.keypublishing.com/showthread.php?95871-DH-Comet-G-ACSS-amp-The-Burberry-Racer-Project
|archive-date = 7 December 2013
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> Burberry was an independent family-controlled company until 1955, when [[GUS (retailer)|Great Universal Stores]] (GUS) assumed ownership.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nicolamelhuish.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/timeline-burberry/ |title=Timeline: Burberry |date=2 November 2010 |access-date=9 March 2014}}</ref>

==== Influences and rise to prominence ====
During the 1970s and 1980s, Burberry signed agreements with worldwide manufacturers to produce goods complementary to the existing British collection, such as suits, trousers, shirts, sportswear and accessories, for men, women, and children. These products, designed under the strict control of headquarters in London, were produced and distributed through independent retail stores worldwide as well as through the Burberry stores, and contributed to the growth of the brand in sales and profits through to the late 90s, although the full extent of sales was not apparent in the parent company accounts since much was done through licensed agreements. The company had signed [[Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield|Lord Lichfield]] as photographer, [[Leonard Wolfson, Baron Wolfson|Lord (Leonard) Wolfson]] was Chairman and Stanley Peacock [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] Managing Director.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8Mzowj8MXsC&q=Stanley+Peacock+Burberry&pg=PA142|title=Fashion Brands: Branding Style from Armani to Zara|first= Mark |last=Tungate|page=142|publisher=Kogan Page|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7494-6446-2}}</ref> In 1997, [[GUS (retailer)|GUS]] director [[Victor Barnett]] became chairman of Burberry, hiring [[Rose Marie Bravo]] to execute a corporate reorganization and restoration of the brand as a luxury fashion house.<ref name="Forbes2000">{{cite news |last1=Heller |first1=Richard |date=January 24, 2000 |title=Can this woman do a Gucci on Burberry |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2000/0124/0302050a.html#d525ddc2d80e}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schiro |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Burberry Modernizes and Reinvents Itself |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/05/style/burberry-modernizes-and-reinvents-itself.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=5 May 2023 |date=5 January 1999}}</ref> Barnett led the company up to its successful [[IPO]] in 2001.<ref name="WWD2001">{{cite news |last1=Lockwood |first1=Lisa |date=April 26, 2001 |title=Barnett steps down, Burberry set for IPO |work=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |publisher= |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1182828/}}</ref>

===21st century===
In May 2001, [[Christopher Bailey (Fashion Designer)|Christopher Bailey]] joined Burberry as creative director.<ref name="Times Sep 09">{{cite news |last=McDowell |first=Colin |date=6 September 2009 |title=Christopher Bailey: Burberry's golden boy |work=[[The Times]] |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article6817273.ece |access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dolly |last=Jones |title=All Hail Bailey |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/091111-burberry-creative-director-christop.aspx |work=Vogue |date=11 November 2009 |access-date=7 December 2009 |archive-date=14 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114102153/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/091111-burberry-creative-director-christop.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bailey was the [[chief creative officer]] from 2014, as well as chief executive (CEO) from 2014 until November 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Biondi |first1=Annachiara |title=Christopher Bailey: A brief history of his career so far |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/christopher-bailey-brief-history-career-far-christopher-bailey-career-timeline/amp |website=Vogue India |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How Christopher Bailey Transformed Burberry and Redefined Brand Revivals in the 21st Century |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/burberry-christopher-bailey-legacy |website=Vogue |access-date=1 May 2023 |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> Bailey stepped down as chief creative officer in March 2018 and had departed the brand completely by the end of 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/oct/31/christopher-bailey-to-cut-all-ties-with-burberry|title=Christopher Bailey to cut all ties with Burberry|last=Fletcher|first=Nick|date=2017-10-31|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-11-26|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
[[File:Burberry logo.png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|The "Equestrian Knight" logo (1999–2018)]]


Between 2001 and 2005, Burberry became associated with "[[chav]]" and [[football hooligan]] culture. This change in the brand reputation was attributed to lower priced products, the proliferation of counterfeit goods adopting Burberry's trademark [[Check (pattern)|check pattern]], and adoption by celebrities prominently identified with "chav" culture. The association with football hooliganism led to the wearing of Burberry check garments being banned at some venues.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bothwell |first=Claire |date=28 October 2005 |title=Burberry versus The Chavs |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4381140.stm |access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref>

Burberry Group plc was initially floated on the London Stock Exchange in July 2002. GUS divested its remaining interest in Burberry in December 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Finch |first=Julia |date=18 November 2005 |title=GUS shareholders to receive Burberry cheque |work=[[The Guardian]] |publisher= |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2005/nov/18/3 |access-date=4 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Richard |date=18 January 2011 |title=How Burberry was kept in check at GUS |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/richardfletcher/8268069/How-Burberry-was-kept-in-check-at-GUS.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/richardfletcher/8268069/How-Burberry-was-kept-in-check-at-GUS.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |access-date=12 May 2015 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2005, Sanyo-shokai was the Burberry [[ready-to-wear]] licence holder in Japan, with retail value of €435 million.<ref name="Luxury">{{cite book | title=Luxury Brand Management | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | author=Chevalier, Michel | year=2012 | location=Singapore | isbn=978-1-118-17176-9}}</ref>

In 2006, [[Rose Marie Bravo]], who as chief executive had led Burberry to mass market success through licensing, retired.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 October 2005 |title=Bravo move to quit puts Burberry shares out of fashion |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2923391/Bravo-move-to-quit-puts-Burberry-shares-out-of-fashion.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2923391/Bravo-move-to-quit-puts-Burberry-shares-out-of-fashion.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |access-date=15 March 2015 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> She was replaced by another American, [[Angela Ahrendts]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://special.hsmglobal.com/us/wbfny2011/ahrendts-info.php|title=World Business Forum 2011 : Home|work=hsmglobal.com|access-date=15 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521044059/http://special.hsmglobal.com/us/wbfny2011/ahrendts-info.php|archive-date=21 May 2015}}</ref> who joined from [[Liz Claiborne]] in January 2006, and took up the position of CEO on 1 July 2006. Ahrendts and Bailey successfully turned around the then chav-like reputation that the brand had acquired at the end of Bravo's tenure and the cheapening effect of the brand's omnipresence, by removing the brand's check-pattern from all but 10% of the company's products, taking the fragrance and beauty product licenses back in-house and buying out the Spanish franchise that was worth 20% of group revenues.<ref name="Times Sep 09" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Rethinking Prestige Branding – Secrets of the Ueber-Brands|last1=Kuehlwein|first1=JP|last2=Schaefer|first2=Wolfgang|publisher=Kogan Page|year=2015|isbn=978-0-7494-7003-6|location=London|pages=211–212}}</ref><ref name="WSJInt">{{cite news |last=Hass |first=Nancy |date=9 September 2010 |title=Earning Her Stripes |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=http://magazine.wsj.com/features/the-big-interview/earning-her-strips/ |access-date=9 March 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://www.styl.sh/articles/381-the-burberry-story The Burberry Story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307163925/https://www.styl.sh/articles/381-the-burberry-story# |date=7 March 2014 }} Styl.sh. Retrieved 31 January 2014</ref>
[[File:Burberry Chicago.jpg|thumb|Burberry Chicago flagship store on the [[Magnificent Mile]], built in 2012]]Burberry first sold on line in the US, then in the UK in October 2006, and in the rest of the EU in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uk.burberry.com |title=Shop on line |publisher=Uk.burberry.com |date=5 December 2010 |access-date=4 January 2011}}</ref>

====2010s====
It was reported in 2012 that Ahrendts was the highest paid CEO in the UK, making £16.9m.<ref>{{cite news |last=Petroff |first=Alanna |date=11 June 2013 |title=Top paid CEO in UK is an American woman |work=[[CNN Money]] |publisher= |url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/06/11/news/companies/burberry-pay-ceo/index.html?iid=HP_LN&hpt=ibu_c2 |access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref>

In October 2013, it was announced that Ahrendts would take up the position of Senior Vice President of retail and online at Apple, Inc. from April 2014, and would be replaced as CEO by Bailey.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Broeke |first1=Teo van den |title=Christopher Bailey: A life at Burberry |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/christopher-bailey-a-life-at-burberry/amp |website=British GQ |date=17 February 2018 |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="Angela Ahrendts Named Honorary DBE">{{cite web |author=Marfil, Lorelei |date=8 April 2014 |title=Angela Ahrendts Named Honorary DBE |url=http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/ahrendts-accolade-7633326?src=nl/mornReport/20140408 |access-date=8 April 2014 |website=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |publisher=}}</ref> During her tenure, sales increased to over £2 billion, and the [[market capitalization]] more than tripled to £7 billion.<ref>{{cite news |author=Andrew Roberts |date=15 October 2013 |title=Burberry Designer Bailey to Become CEO as Ahrendts Goes to Apple |newspaper=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-15/burberry-says-bailey-to-become-ceo-as-ahrendts-leaves-for-apple.html |access-date=15 October 2013}}</ref> Burberry promotes its British connection; according to [[The Guardian]], a British national daily newspaper, as of July 2012, Burberry maintained two production facilities in Great Britain, one in [[Castleford]] producing raincoats, and one in [[Keighley]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Carole Cadwalladr |date=16 July 2012 |title=The hypocrisy of Burberry's 'Made in Britain' appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/16/burberry-china-british-carole-cadwalladr |access-date=15 March 2015 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> In spring 2014, Bailey became CEO of Burberry and retained the role of chief creative officer.<ref name="Angela Ahrendts Named Honorary DBE"/> His basic salary was £1.1m, with total compensation of up to £10m a year depending on sales targets being met.<ref name="Vote">{{cite news |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-28261916|title = Burberry shareholders vote against remuneration report|work = [[BBC News]]|date = 11 July 2014|access-date = 12 July 2014}}</ref>

In July 2016, it was announced that [[Celine (brand)|Celine]] boss Marco Gobbetti would become CEO of Burberry plc, while Bailey became the Creative Director with the title of President.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Conlon |first1=Scarlett |title=Burberry CEO to join the company this month |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/burberry-ceo-to-join-the-company-this-month/amp |website=Vogue India |date=20 January 2017 |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/12/business/international/burberry-bailey-gobbetti.html?_r=0|title=Burberry C.E.O. to Step Down, Ending Dual-Role Experiment at Helm|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Paton|first1=Elizabeth|date=11 July 2016|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref> In 2016, the label launched its "Mr Burberry" fragrance.<ref name=ft-vand/>
[[File:Camp - Notes on Fashion at the Met - Burberry rainbow cape (73854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|Cape by Bailey at [[The Metropolitan Museum of Art|The Met]]'s exhibit, ''[[Camp: Notes on Fashion]]'']]

In early May 2017, the store announced it was moving 300 employees from London to Leeds. In July 2017, Gobbetti replaced Bailey as CEO.<ref name="ft-vand">{{cite news |last=Vandevelde |first=Mark |date=18 May 2017 |title=Burberry sales rise as Bailey bows out as chief executive |url=https://www.ft.com/content/aa989b84-3ba0-11e7-821a-6027b8a20f23 | work=[[Financial Times]] |location=United Kingdom |access-date=18 May 2017}}</ref> In March 2018, Burberry named [[Riccardo Tisci]], creative director at [[Givenchy]] from 2005 to 2007, as the brand's chief creative officer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of Burberry: A Timeline|url=http://www.hautehistory.co.uk/7/post/2020/07/house-history-the-burberry-timeline.html|access-date=2022-02-25|website=Haute History|language=en}}</ref> He said: "I am honoured and delighted to be joining Burberry as its new chief creative officer and reuniting with Marco Gobbetti. I have an enormous respect for Burberry’s British heritage and global appeal and I am excited about the potential of this exceptional brand."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Newbold |first=Alice |title=Burberry Announces Riccardo Tisci As Chief Creative Officer |work=[[British Vogue]] |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/riccardo-tisci-to-burberry |access-date=2018-03-08}}</ref>

A few months later, Tisci presented a new logo and monogram for the brand, designed by the English graphic designer [[Peter Saville (graphic designer)|Peter Saville]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Riccardo Tisci Unveils New Burberry Logo And It's Drawing An Unexpected Comparison |url=https://www.nylon.com/articles/riccardo-tisci-new-burberry-logo-monogram/amp |website=Nylon |date=2 August 2018 |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sebra |first=Matt |date=2018-08-02 |title=Burberry Has a New Logo |language=en |work=[[GQ]] |url=https://www.gq.com/story/new-burberry-logo-riccardo-tisci |access-date=2018-10-06}}</ref>
[[File:Burberry TB monogram.png|thumb|left|upright=0.6|The interlocking TB monogram, which pays homage to founder Thomas Burberry, debuted in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a22623947/burberry-new-logo-monogram/|title=Burberry Has A New Logo and Monogram|date=2018-08-02|work=Harper's BAZAAR|access-date=2018-10-06|language=en-US}}</ref>]]

In April 2018, it was announced that [[John Peace|Sir John Peace]] would be stepping down as chairman of the board and would be replaced by as chairman by [[Gerry Murphy (businessman)|Gerry Murphy]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Media |first1=Insider |title=Burberry names chairman designate to succeed Sir John Peace {{!}} Yorkshire Business News |url=https://www.insidermedia.com/news/yorkshire/burberry-names-chairman-designate-to-succeed-sir-john-peace |website=Insider Media Ltd |date=13 April 2018 |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jahshan |first1=Elias |title=Burberry chairman Sir John Peace to step down - Retail Gazette - retail news, features & analysis |url=https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2017/06/burberry-chairman-john-peace-resigns/ |website=www.retailgazette.co.uk |date=22 June 2017}}</ref> Murphy said: "Burberry is a unique British brand that I have admired for a long time and I am looking forward to working with Marco Gobbetti and the Board to guide the company through its next phase of growth."<ref>{{cite web |title=Tate & Lyle's Gerry Murphy is Burberry 's new chairman |url=https://londonlovesbusiness.com/tate-lyles-gerry-murphy-is-burberry-s-new-chairman/ |website=London Business News {{!}} Londonlovesbusiness.com |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=13 April 2018}}</ref>

Murphy had been CEO of [[Kingfisher plc]], as well as being current chairman of [[Tate and Lyle]] and Blackstone Group International Partners LLP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry appoints Tate & Lyle's Murphy as new chairman |url=https://www.ft.com/content/67a76014-3f12-11e8-b7e0-52972418fec4 |website=Financial Times |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=13 April 2018}}</ref> Peace's departure marked a change in leadership for the group, with Gobetti and Ahrends having left in the previous years.<ref name="Butler">{{Cite news |last=Butler |first=Sarah |date=2018-04-13 |title=Burberry hires former Kingfisher boss Gerry Murphy as chairman |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/apr/13/burberry-hires-former-kingfisher-boss-gerry-murphy-as-chairman |access-date=2018-12-29 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry Appoints New Chairman |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/burberry-appoints-new-chairman/ |website=The Business of Fashion |date=13 April 2018 |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2018, it was reported that Burberry had filed a lawsuit against [[Target Corporation]], claiming that Target had copied its check print designs and was seeking an amount of $2 million, in addition to its legal costs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hanbury |first=Mary |date=2018-05-09 |title=Target is being sued by Burberry, and it reveals one of the biggest problems facing the clothing industry |work=[[Business Insider]] |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/target-sued-by-burberry-reveals-big-problem-fashion-2018-5 |access-date=2018-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=UK |first1=FashionNetwork com |title=Burberry sues Target for copying its check pattern |url=https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/burberry-sues-target-for-copying-its-check-pattern,976189.html |website=FashionNetwork.com |access-date=5 May 2023 |language=en-UK}}</ref>

In July 2018, it was reported that in the previous five years Burberry had destroyed unsold clothes, accessories, and perfume worth over £90m in order to protect its brand and prevent the items being stolen or sold cheaply. While a representative of [[Greenpeace]] criticised the decision, Burberry claimed that the energy generated from burning its products was [[Carbon capture and storage|captured]], making it environmentally friendly.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kollewe |first1=Julia |title=Burberry to stop burning unsold items after green criticism |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/sep/06/burberry-to-stop-burning-unsold-items-fur-after-green-criticism |website=The Guardian |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Paton |first1=Elizabeth |title=Burberry to Stop Burning Clothing and Other Goods It Can't Sell |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/business/burberry-burning-unsold-stock.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44885983|title=Burberry burns luxury goods worth millions|last=Morris|first=Ben|date=2018-07-19|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-07-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> According to Burberry's annual report, by the end of the financial year 2018, the company had destroyed goods worth £28.6m, an increase on the £26.9m from its financial year 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last=Handley |first=Lucy |date=6 September 2018 |title=British fashion house Burberry to stop burning unsold items |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/06/british-fashion-house-burberry-to-stop-burning-unsold-items.html |access-date=6 September 2018 |website=[[CNBC]] |publisher=}}</ref> In September 2018, Burberry reported that it would stop the practice of burning unsold goods, with immediate effect. Burberry also announced it would stop using real fur in its products, and would phase out existing fur items.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-06 |title=Burberry stops burning unsold goods |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45430683 |access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>

In February 2019, Burberry apologized for showcasing a hoodie with a [[noose]] around the neck in its show at the [[London Fashion Week]]. Burberry said it had removed the item from its collection, after criticism from one of its own models led to an online backlash.<ref>{{cite web|title='Suicide isn't fashion': Burberry apologizes for hoodie with noose around the neck|date=19 February 2019|language=en|website=CNN.com|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/burberry-noose-hoodie-scli-gbr-intl/index.html}}</ref> In February 2020 Burberry was forced to close 24 of its 64 Chinese mainland stores because of COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-07|title=Burberry Says Viral Epidemic Devastates China Sales|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-07/burberry-withdraws-forecast-as-coronavirus-hits-china-sales|access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref>

====2020s====
In 2021, Burberry announced that it would become a "climate positive" company by 2040.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Jessica |date=2021-06-11 |title=Burberry to be climate positive by 2040 |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a36694857/burberry-climate-positive-sustainability/ |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=[[Harper's BAZAAR]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Staff |first1=M. W. |title=Burberry Aims To Be Climate Positive By 2040 |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/style-luxury/burberry-aims-to-be-climate-positive-by-2040/amp/ |website=Man's World India |access-date=1 May 2023 |date=11 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Can fashion be climate positive? Burberry commits to finding out |url=https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/can-fashion-be-climate-positive-burberry-commits-to-finding-out |website=Vogue Business |access-date=1 May 2023 |date=10 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry plans to be climate positive by 2040 – here's how |url=https://www.vogue.fr/fashion/article/burberry-climate-positive-2040 |website=Vogue France |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=fr-FR |date=11 June 2021}}</ref> The fashion brand also announced that it would commit to a new target to reduce supply chain emissions (i.e. assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organisation) by 46% by 2030, an increase from an earlier pledge of a 30% reduction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keating |first=Cecilia |date=2021-06-14 |title='Going further': Burberry vows to be 'climate positive' by 2040 |url=https://www.businessgreen.com/news/4032789/burberry-vows-climate-positive-2040 |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=Business Green |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Nature-Based Solutions': Burberry Promises To Slash Emissions By 46% By 2030 & Be Climate Positive By 2040 - Green Queen |url=https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/amp/nature-based-solutions-burberry-promises-to-slash-emissions-by-46-by-2030-be-climate-positive-by-2040/ |website=www.greenqueen.com.hk |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> In March 2021, Burberry was the first luxury brand to be targeted in China as part of the backlash regarding sanctions against the alleged human rights abuses in [[Xinjiang]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Togoh |first=Isabel |date=2021-03-26 |title=As Burberry Faces Backlash In China Over Xinjiang Cotton, Other Luxury Brands Could Face Boycott |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/isabeltogoh/2021/03/26/as-burberry-faces-backlash-in-china-over-xinjiang-cotton-other-luxury-brands-could-face-boycott/ |access-date=2021-03-26 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Brand ambassador and Actress [[Zhou Dongyu]] terminated her contract with Burberry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fletcher |first=Richard |title=Burberry hit by Chinese boycott |language=en |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/burberry-hit-by-chinese-boycott-r2c2pvw37 |access-date=2021-03-26 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

In April 2022, after the departure of [[Marco Gobbetti]], the Versace boss Jonathan Akeroyd took over Burberry as the next chief executive in a deal including a £6m golden hello to cover the loss of bonus and share awards for leaving his previous position.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jonathan Akeroyd BoF 500 The People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/amp/community/people/jonathan-akeroyd |website=www.businessoffashion.com |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry Posts Strong Growth in H1 as Jonathan Akeroyd Sets Out Strategy |url=https://footwearnews.com/2022/business/earnings/burberry-first-half-earnings-jonathan-akeroyd-1203370564/amp/ |website=Footwear News |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=17 November 2022}}</ref>

In July, 2022, Burberry announced Thai artist [[Vachirawit Chivaaree]] as their first Global Brand Ambassador from the South Asia-Pacific Region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Style File: Bright Vachirawit Chivaaree, Thai Actor & Burberry Ambassador |url=https://www.voguehk.com/en/article/fashion/style-file-bright-vachirawit/ |website=Vogue Hong Kong |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bright Vachirawit Dominates Social Media With His Attendance to Burberry's SS23 Show |url=https://www.envimedia.co/bright-vachirawit-dominates-social-media-with-his-attendance-to-burberrys-ss23-show/ |website=EnVi Media |access-date=24 May 2023 |language=en |date=26 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2022-11-03 |title=Bright Vachirawit is a Thai celebrity with the most influence in the fashion world |url=https://www.thaiupdate.info/bright-vachirawit-fashion-world/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Thai Update |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tso |first1=Gloria Christine |title=Bright Vachirawit Chivaaree On The Living Legacy Of F4 Thailand's Thyme |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/bazaar-man/bright-vachirawit-chivaaree-on-the-living-legacy-of-f4-thailands-thyme/ |website=Harper's Bazaar Singapore |access-date=15 May 2023 |date=15 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2023-04-12 |title=Bright Vachirawit and Yaya Urassaya Are On The Top 30 Influencers With The Highest EMV (Earned Media Value) During Fashion Week Fall Winter 2023 |url=https://www.thaiupdate.info/bright-yaya-fashion-week-2023/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Thai Update |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bright Vachirawit And The Liberating Power Of The Seaside At Burberry Spring/Summer 2023 |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/gallery/all-the-looks-burberry-spring-summer-2023/ |website=Harper's Bazaar Singapore |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref>

Later in 2022, the company's chief operating and financial officer announced a ban on the use of exotic skins—such as alligator and snake—in its collections.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sachkova |first1=Margarita |title=Big News: Burberry Bans Exotic Skins! |url=https://www.peta.org.uk/blog/burberry-bans-exotic-skins/ |website=PETA UK |access-date=1 May 2023 |date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry Bans Exotic Skins |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/sustainability/burberry-bans-exotic-skins/ |website=The Business of Fashion |date=18 May 2022 |access-date=1 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glover |first=Simon |title=Burberry announces ban on exotic skins |url=https://www.ecotextile.com/2022052029373/fashion-retail-news/burberry-announces-ban-on-exotic-skins.html |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Ecotextile News |date=20 May 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> In September 2022, Burberry announced designer [[Daniel Lee (designer)|Daniel Lee]], former creative director of [[Bottega Veneta]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phelps |first=Nicole |date=2022-09-28 |title=Riccardo Tisci Is Out at Burberry, and Daniel Lee Has Been Hired to Replace Him |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/riccardo-tisci-exits-burberry-daniel-lee-hired |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |language=en-US}}</ref> as Riccardo Tisci's replacement as the company's chief creative officer.<ref name="BOFLeeBurberry">{{Cite web |title=Burberry Names Daniel Lee Chief Creative Officer |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/luxury/burberry-names-daniel-lee-chief-creative-officer/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The Business of Fashion |date=28 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadhirah |first=Lyana |date=2023-02-22 |title=Bright Vachirawit, Jun Ji-Hyun Tampil Bergaya Dengan Burberry! |url=https://eh.my/artikel/fesyen/bright-vachirawit-jun-ji-hyun-tampil-bergaya-dengan-burberry/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=EH! |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Tianwei |date=2022-09-26 |title=Bright, Simone Ashley, Kanye West, Milly Alcock, and Gillian Anderson Gather for Burberry Show |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bright-simone-ashley-kanye-west-milly-alcock-gillian-anderson-burberry-spring-2023-show-1235356512/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Tianwei |date=2023-02-21 |title=Bright, Son Heung-Min and Jun Ji-Hyun Wear Trenchcoats to Daniel Lee's Burberry Debut |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bright-son-heung-min-jun-ji-hyun-trench-coats-daniel-lee-burberry-debut-1235538413/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref>

In February 2023 a new logo and branding was introduced: this brought back the Equestrian Knight logo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=Burberry unveils "archive-inspired" charging knight logo |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2023/02/07/burberry-daniel-lee-logo-equestrian-knight-design/ |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-06 |title=Burberry's New Logo Breaks From Modern Tradition |url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/style/a42777540/burberrys-new-logo-breaks-from-modern-tradition/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Esquire |language=en-gb}}</ref> The advertising campaign features famous British models and musicians such as [[Shygirl]], [[Liberty Ross]], [[Skepta]] and more.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Shygirl, John Glacier and a swan front Daniel Lee's first Burberry campaign |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/58121/1/shygirl-john-glacier-and-a-swan-front-daniel-lee-s-first-burberry-campaign |website=Dazed |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=en |date=6 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wright |first1=Georgia |title=In pictures: Burberry unveils refreshed brand image under Daniel Lee - Retail Gazette |url=https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2023/02/burberrys-rebrand/ |website=www.retailgazette.co.uk |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=6 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cripps |first1=Amie |title=Raheem Sterling and Skepta Feature in Burberry's Latest Campaign |url=https://versus.uk.com/2023/02/raheem-sterling-skepta-feature-burberrys-latest-campaign/ |website=VERSUS |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-06 |title=Here's a First Look at Daniel Lee's Burberry |url=https://www.gq.com/story/burberry-new-logo-daniel-lee |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Street |first1=Chloe |title=Daniel Lee debuts his new look Burberry featuring Shygirl and Skepta |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/fashion/daniel-lee-burberry-new-campaign-shygirl-skepta-liberty-ross-vanessa-redgrave-b1058159.html |website=Evening Standard |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=en |date=6 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How singer and rapper Shygirl became the fashion muse of today |url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/singer-rapper-shygirl-talks-interview-burberry-riccardo-tisci-fashion-music |website=Vogue India |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=en-IN |date=23 April 2021}}</ref>

In April 2023, Burberry added rapper [[Kane Robinson|Kano]] to the "British Burberry revolution".<ref>{{cite web |last1=IN |first1=FashionNetwork com |title=Kano joins line-up of British stars fronting Burberry marketing |url=https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kano-joins-line-up-of-british-stars-fronting-burberry-marketing,1508012.html |website=FashionNetwork.com |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kano Hits East London In Latest Burberry Campaign by Daniel Lee |url=https://hypebeast.com/2023/4/kano-burberry-campaign-daniel-lee-info |website=Hypebeast |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=17 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Letonja |first1=Timotej |title=Exploring the Intersection of Rap and Fashion: Daniel Lee's Latest Burberry Collection Featuring Kano |url=https://www.numeromag.nl/exploring-the-intersection-of-rap-and-fashion-daniel-lees-latest-burberry-collection-featuring-kano/ |website=Numéro Netherlands |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Willson |first=Tayler |date=17 April 2023 |title=Kano's A Burberry Boy Now |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/burberry-kano/ |website=HIGHSNOBIETY}}</ref> That phrase itself is part of the company's new culture introduced by Lee since February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WW |first=FashionNetwork com |title=Launchmetrics AW23 report: Dior and Burberry are big hits, but what else made an impact? |url=https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Launchmetrics-aw23-report-dior-and-burberry-are-big-hits-but-what-else-made-an-impact-,1498680.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=FashionNetwork.com |language=en-WW}}</ref> The ''new direction'' was phrased as ''"a modern take on British luxury".''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willson |first=Tayler |date=20 February 2023 |title=WELCOME TO DANIEL LEE'S VERY BRITISH BURBERRY |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/burberry-reboot-daniel-lee/ |website=HIGHSNOBIETY}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=Inside Daniel Lee's brand new vision for Burberry |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/style/fashion/daniel-lee-new-look-and-logo-for-burberry/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Lifestyle Asia Kuala Lumpur |language=en-US}}</ref>

== In Popular Culture ==

On 29 March 2023, a Burberry tote was used in an episode from [[Succession (TV series)|Succession]]. According to Google, viewers have searched for the "Burberry tote bag".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Burberry Tote Bag Is The Breakout Star Of 'Succession' Season Four |url=https://graziamagazine.com/articles/burberry-tote-bag-succession/ |website=Grazia |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title='Succession' Season Premiere Drives 310 Percent Search Interest Spike for Burberry Handbags After Viral 'Ludicrously Capacious' Scene |url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/culture-news/succession-burberry-bag-search-interest-1235597441/amp/ |website=WWD |access-date=1 May 2023 |date=29 March 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |last1=Segarra |first1=Edward |title='Succession' fans can't get enough of 'monstrous' Burberry bag cameo: 'It deserves an Emmy' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/03/29/succession-season-premiere-burberry-bag-viral-moment/11565460002/ |website=USA TODAY |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> Google searches for Burberry and the tote rose by more than 310% after the episode aired.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-29 |title=The Burberry tote is actually rising in popularity after that 'Succession' episode |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a43448755/burberry-tote-succession/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Harper's BAZAAR |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stevenson |first=Gabi |title=A $2,900 Burberry tote was deemed 'ludicrously capacious' by a character on 'Succession.' Fans can't get enough of the memes — and the bag itself. |url=https://www.insider.com/2900-dollar-burberry-bag-mocked-succession-season-premiere-goes-viral-2023-3 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Logos ==
<gallery>

Logo Burberry 02.svg|1999–2018<ref>{{cite web |title=戰馬回歸、狐狸與天鵝為何獨具意義？關於Burberry Logo演變故事：創新不是抹滅，而是延伸百年經典元素！ |url=https://www.gq.com.tw/fashion/article/burberry-logo-%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B-daniel-lee |website=GQ Taiwan |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=zh-Hant-TW |date=7 February 2023}}</ref>
Burberry wordmark.svg|1999–2018<ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry Has Changed Its Iconic Logo for the First Time in 20 Years {{!}} Fortune |url=https://fortune.com/2018/08/02/burberry-new-logo/amp/ |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Burberry Logo.svg|2018–2023<ref>{{cite web |last1=Admin |first1=Joe-LMW |title=Burberry Logo and Its History {{!}} LogoMyWay |url=https://blog.logomyway.com/burberry-logo/ |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry Logo and symbol, meaning, history, PNG, brand |url=https://1000logos.net/burberry-logo/amp/ |website=1000logos.net |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Burberry Logo Subline.svg|2018–2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Burberry Logo, symbol, meaning, history, PNG, brand |url=https://logos-world.net/burberry-logo/ |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
Logo Burberry 04.svg|since 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Daniel Lee breathes new creativity and life at Burberry |url=https://www.lofficielmalaysia.com/fashion/daniel-lee-burberry-debut-new-logo |website=L'Officiel Malaysia {{!}} Fashion, Beauty, Lifestyle, Arts & Culture |access-date=2 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
Logo Burberry 03.svg|since 2023 (coloured)<ref>{{cite web |title=Inside Daniel Lee's brand new vision for Burberry |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/style/fashion/daniel-lee-new-look-and-logo-for-burberry/amp/ |website=Lifestyle Asia Kuala Lumpur |access-date=2 May 2023 |date=7 February 2023}}</ref>
Logo Burberry 01.svg|since 2023<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maoui |first1=Zak |title=Burberry's big return to British eccentricity |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/new-burberry-daniel-lee-2023/amp |website=British GQ |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==

* [https://www.burberryplc.com Official Burberry Group plc corporate website]
* [https://www.burberry.com Official Burberry consumer website]
* {{PM20|FID=co/003929|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}

{{British Royal Warrant holders}}
{{FTSE 100 Index constituents}}

[[Category:Burberry| ]]
[[Category:Clothing brands of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Clothing companies of England]]
[[Category:Clothing companies based in London]]

[[Category:Clothing retailers of England]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Luxury brands]]
[[Category:High fashion brands]]
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[[Category:Companies based in Hampshire]]
[[Category:British companies established in 1856]]
[[Category:Clothing companies established in 1856]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1856]]
[[Category:1856 establishments in England]]
[[Category:British royal warrant holders]]
[[Category:British brands]]
[[Category:Youth culture in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Eyewear brands of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Companies based in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:1940s fashion]]
[[Category:1950s fashion]]
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Bobby Friction

2023-10-03T15:35:56Z

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[[Image:Bobby Friction at Radio 1 Big Weekend in Preston.jpg|thumb|right|Bobby DJing in Preston in 2007 for a Radio 1 event]]
'''Paramdeep Sehdev''' ({{Lang-pa|ਪਰਮਦੀਪ ਸਹਦੇਵ}}) (born 21 August 1971, in [[Hammersmith]])<ref>[http://www.findmypast.com Births in England and Wales 1837-2006]</ref> better known as '''Bobby Friction''', is a DJ, television presenter and radio presenter from west [[London]].

== Early life ==
After studying Contemporary Arts at [[Nottingham Trent University]], Friction's career as a DJ started in 1997 with residencies at the ‘Swaraj' night at the Blue Note, [[Hoxton]], and the ‘Shaanti' club at [[Birmingham]]’s [[Custard Factory]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MmFJA2DRh1MC&pg=PA76|title=Hub|publisher=Vinny Bhagat|language=en}}</ref>

== Broadcasting career ==

=== BBC Radio 1 ===
Friction joined [[BBC Radio 1]] in 2002 co-hosting ''Bobby Friction & Nihal Presents'' with [[DJ Nihal]]. In 2003 the show won a [[Radio Academy Awards|Sony Radio Academy Award]] in the Specialist Music category.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3012217.stm|title=Sony Radio Awards 2003: Winners|date=2003-05-08|access-date=2019-10-05|language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2004 Friction and Nihal released a compilation album of music featured on the show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Various-Bobby-Friction-Nihal-Present/release/1309372|title=Various - Bobby Friction & Nihal Present...|website=Discogs|language=en|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>

=== BBC Asian Network ===
Friction joined [[BBC Asian Network]] in 2005, initially presenting the station's Saturday afternoon ''Album Chart Show'' and then ''The Mix'' on Sunday afternoons. In 2006 he began presenting a weeknightly show, ''Friction,'' showcasing new music by British Asian and South Asian artists. Friction moved to a daily drivetime show at the station in 2012,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radiotoday.co.uk/2012/09/three-new-presenters-at-bbc-asian-network/|title=Radio Today}}</ref> winning Best Radio Show at the Asian Media Awards in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://asianmediaawards.com/asian-media-awards-2016-winners/|title=Asian Media Awards 2016 Winners List|date=2016-10-28|work=Asian Media Awards|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2018 his documentary ''Straight Outta Mumbai'' explored the history of Indian hip-hop.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://asianlite.com/news/uk-news/straight-outta-mumbai-story-of-hip-hop-rap-in-india/|title=Straight Outta Mumbai: Story of hip-hop & rap in India|last=Newsdesk|first=Asianlite|date=2018-03-31|work=Leading Asian News in the UK|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Television ===
In 2004 Friction was one of the judging panel in [[Channel 4|Channel 4's]] series ''Bollywood Star''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/film-and-tv/telly-talk-bollygood-show-1111090|title=Telly talk: Bollygood show!|last=News|first=Manchester Evening|date=2007-02-19|work=men|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref> He went on to present documentaries for the channel including Generation 7/7 and The Countryside Sucks''.'' He has also made appearances on The Wright Stuff (Channel 5), The Daily Politics (BBC2) and Sunday Morning Live (BBC1). In 2012 he appeared on [[Celebrity Mastermind]], answering questions on the life and music of [[Prince (musician)|Prince]].

== Other work ==
Friction presented ''Friction on EVR'', a weekly show on [[East Village Radio]] from 2012 and has been featured on streaming service [[Saavn]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/entertainment/music/140317/indian-music-receives-a-big-rap-while-going-desi.html|title=Indian music receives a big rap while going desi|date=2017-03-14|work=asianage.com/|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref> He has made regular appearances on [[BBC 6 Music]], presenting a self-titled show,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0686t6c|title=Bobby Friction - BBC Radio 6 Music|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref> curating a tribute to [[Prince (musician)|Prince]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08n8qwz|title=Bobby Friction sits in, Guy Garvey's Finest Hour - BBC Radio 6 Music|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref> and sitting in for other presenters in their absence.

In 2015 Friction presented an Asian Network Night at the BBC [[The Proms|Proms]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_prom_review.php?id=13017|title=Prom 8: Late Night with ... BBC Asian Network – Bobby Friction, Naughty Boy, Kanika Kapoor, Benny Dayal, Palak Muchhal, Emeli Sandé & Arrow Benjamin with the BBC Philharmonic & Richard Davis @www.classicalsource.com|access-date=2018-04-24|language=en}}</ref>

He has presented documentaries for [[BBC Radio 4]] on topics such as pub culture in the West Midlands Punjabi community (so called [[Desi pub]]s),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00t8xfh|title=Desi Pubs - BBC Radio 4|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref> the aftermath of the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]] in New Delhi in 1984,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04mhd58|title=Assassination: When Delhi Burned - BBC Radio 4|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref> and [[filter bubble]]s in social media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b083p4lw|title=Bursting the Social Network Bubble - BBC Radio 4|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://bobbyfriction.com}}
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rydpz ''Bobby Friction''] (BBC Asian Network)
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/shows/friction/about/ BBC Asian Network Biography]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friction, Bobby}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:People from Hammersmith]]
[[Category:British radio DJs]]
[[Category:English Sikhs]]
[[Category:BBC Asian Network presenters]]
[[Category:BBC Radio 1 presenters]]
[[Category:Alumni of Nottingham Trent University]]

Billboard Hot 100

2023-10-03T15:35:31Z

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{{Short description|Song chart in the United States}}
{{Redirect|Hot 100}}

{{Italic title|string=Billboard}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Use American English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}

[[File:Billboard Hot 100 logo.svg|thumb|The current ''Billboard'' Hot 100 logo|240x240px]]

The '''''Billboard'' Hot 100''' is the [[music industry]] standard [[record chart]] in the United States for songs, published weekly by [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'' magazine]]. Chart rankings are based on sales (physical and [[Music download|digital]]), [[Music streaming|online streaming]], and [[airplay|radio play]] in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=May 1, 2018|title=Billboard Finalizes Changes to How Streams Are Weighted for Billboard Hot 100 & Billboard 200|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8427967/billboard-changes-streaming-weighting-hot-100-billboard-200|access-date=August 4, 2021|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>

A new chart is compiled and released online to the public by ''Billboard'' website on Tuesdays but post-dated to the following Saturday, when the printed magazine first reaches newsstands.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=January 23, 2013 |title=Billboard Charts Legend |url=https://www.billboard.com/billboard-charts-legend/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=January 27, 2023}}</ref> The weekly tracking period for sales is currently Friday–Thursday, after being changed in July 2015. It was initially Monday–Sunday when [[Nielsen Holdings PLC|Nielsen]] started tracking sales in 1991. This tracking period also applies to compiling online streaming data. Radio airplay is readily available on a real-time basis, unlike sales figures and streaming, but is also tracked on the same Friday–Thursday cycle, effective with the chart dated July 17, 2021.<ref name="Radio Airplay Friday to Thursday">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9599515/bts-butter-number-one-seventh-week-hot-100/|title=BTS' 'Butter' Leads Hot 100 for Seventh Week, Lil Nas X's 'Montero' Returns to Top Five|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=July 12, 2021|access-date=July 12, 2021}}</ref> Previously, radio was tracked Monday–Sunday and, before July 2015, Wednesday–Tuesday.<ref name="tracking">{{cite magazine|authors=|date=June 24, 2015|title=Billboard to Alter Chart Tracking Week for Global Release Date|magazine=Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6605842/billboard-alter-chart-tracking-week-global-release-date|access-date=June 24, 2015}}</ref>

The first number-one song of the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 was "[[Poor Little Fool]]" by [[Ricky Nelson]], on August 4, 1958.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.umgcatalog.com/news/ricky-nelson-rules-first-ever-hot-100-poor-little-fool|title = Ricky Nelson Rules First-Ever Hot 100 with 'Poor Little Fool'|date = August 4, 2019}}</ref> As of the issue for the week ending on September 30, 2023, the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 has had 1,156 different number-one entries. The current number-one song on the chart is "[[Slime You Out]]" by [[Drake (musician)|Drake]] featuring [[SZA]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/drake-sza-slime-you-out-hot-100-number-one-debut-1235420205/|title=Drake & SZA's 'Slime You Out' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|last=Trust|first=Gary|magazine=Billboard|date=September 25, 2023|access-date=September 26, 2023}}</ref>

== History ==

[[File:1958 Billboard Hot 100 logo.svg|thumb|1958 iteration of the logo]]
The first chart published by ''Billboard'' was "Last Week's Ten Best Sellers Among the Popular Songs", a list of best-selling sheet music, in July 1913. Other charts listed popular song performances in theatres and recitals. In 1928, "Popular Numbers Featured by Famous Singers and Leaders" appeared, which added radio performances to in-person performances. On January 4, 1936, Billboard magazine published "Ten Best Records for Week Ending", which recorded the 10 top selling records of three leading record companies as reported by the companies themselves. In October 1938, a review list, "The Week's Best Records", was retitled "The Billboard Record Buying Guide" by incorporating airplay and sheet music sales, which would eventually become the first trade survey of record popularity.<ref name="chart history">{{cite magazine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT149|title= The Chart in Evolution: A Chronicle |magazine=Billboard |page=RS-110 |date=May 21, 1977}}</ref> This led to the full-page "Billboard Music Popularity Chart" for the week ending July 20, 1940, and published in the July 27 issue, with lists covering jukebox play, retail sales, sheet music sales, and radio play. Listed were 10 songs of the national "Best Selling Retail Records", which was the fore-runner of today's pop chart, with "[[I'll Never Smile Again]]" by [[Tommy Dorsey]] its first number one.<ref name="retail records">{{cite magazine |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1940/Billboard-1940-07-27.pdf |title=Billboard Music Popularity Chart|page=11 |magazine=Billboard |date=July 27, 1940 }}</ref>

Starting on March 24, 1945, ''Billboard''{{'}}s lead popularity chart was the ''Honor Roll of Hits''. This chart ranked the most popular songs regardless of performer (it combined different versions of the same song by different artists) based on record and sheet sales, disk jockey, and jukebox performances as determined by ''Billboard''{{'}}s weekly nationwide survey.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=April 24, 1954|title=Billboard Honor Roll of Hits Represents Culmination of Disk's Life on the Charts|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/50s/1954/Billboard%201954-04-24.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=34}}</ref> At the start of the rock era in 1955, there were three charts that measured songs by individual metrics:<ref name="NPR">{{cite news|last1=Molanphy|first1=Chris|title=How The Hot 100 Became America's Hit Barometer|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2013/08/16/207879695/how-the-hot-100-became-americas-hit-barometer|access-date=March 14, 2018|work=All Things Considered|publisher=NPR|date=August 1, 2013}}</ref>

* ''Best Sellers in Stores'' was the best seller chart first established in July 1940. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country (20 to 50 positions).
* ''Most Played by Jockeys'' was ''Billboard''{{'}}s original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio DJs and radio stations (20 to 25 positions).
* ''Most Played in Jukeboxes'' ranked the most played songs in [[jukebox]]es across the United States (20 positions). This was one of the main outlets of measuring song popularity with the younger generation of music listeners, as many radio stations resisted adding [[rock and roll]] music to their playlists for many years.

Although officially all three charts had equal "weight" in terms of their importance, ''Billboard'' retrospectively considers the ''Best Sellers in Stores'' chart when referencing a song's performance before the creation of the Hot 100.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=CHART BEAT CHAT 12/2/2005|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60472/chart-beat-chat|magazine=Billboard|access-date=July 15, 2020|date=December 2, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928024313/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60472/chart-beat-chat|archive-date=September 28, 2015|quote=The main chart was Best Sellers in Stores, and that's the list Billboard uses as THE pre-Hot 100 chart.}}</ref> In its issue of November 12, 1955, ''Billboard'' published '''The Top 100''' for the first time (for the survey weeks ending October 26 and November 2).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Top 100 for survey week ending November 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCEEAAAAMBAJ&q=top+100+sides |magazine=Billboard |access-date=July 22, 2023 |date=November 12, 1956}}</ref> ''The Top 100'' combined all aspects of a single's performance (sales, airplay and jukebox activity), based on a point system that typically gave sales (purchases) more weight than radio airplay. The first No. 1 in that chart was "[[Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (song)|Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing]]" by [[The Four Aces]].<ref name="chart history"/> The ''Best Sellers in Stores'', ''Most Played by Jockeys'' and ''Most Played in Jukeboxes'' charts continued to be published concurrently with the new ''Top 100'' chart.

On June 17, 1957, ''Billboard'' discontinued the ''Most Played in Jukeboxes'' chart, as the popularity of jukeboxes waned and radio stations incorporated more and more rock-oriented music into their playlists. The week of July 28, 1958, had the final ''Most Played by Jockeys'' and ''Top 100'' charts, both of which had [[Perez Prado]]'s instrumental version of "[[Patricia (Perez Prado song)|Patricia]]" ascending to the top.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Bvm2rnwUDIC&pg=PA879 |title=The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 9th Edition|first= Joel |last=Whitburn |date= 2012|isbn=9780307985125|publisher=Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed |page=879}}</ref>

On August 4, 1958, ''Billboard'' premiered one main all-genre singles chart: the ''Hot 100'', with "[[Poor Little Fool]]" by [[Ricky Nelson]] its first No. 1.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Hot 100 55th Anniversary: Every No. 1 Song (1958-2013) |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/hot-100-55th-anniversary-every-no-1-song-1958-2013/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=December 26, 2021 |date=August 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/1958-08-02/ |title=Billboard Hot 100 |magazine=Billboard |date=August 4, 1958 }}</ref> The Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and ''Billboard'' discontinued the ''Best Sellers In Stores'' chart on October 13, 1958.

The Hot 100 was created by journalists Tom Noonan, [[Paul Ackerman]], and [[Seymour Stein]]; Stein did not recall who chose the name.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Gary|last=Trust|title=Seymour Stein on His Billboard Beginning & How the Hot 100 Was Born on Aug. 4, 1958|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/hot-100-co-creator-seymour-stein-interview/|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=August 4, 2021|access-date=October 1, 2022|url-access=subscription|quote=Tom [Noonan] could have come up with the name. I certainly did not. It might have been one of the reporters, or Paul Ackerman. I just don't remember.}}</ref>

The ''Billboard'' Hot 100 is still the standard by which a song's popularity is measured in the United States. The Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by [[Nielsen SoundScan|Nielsen Soundscan]] (both at retail and digitally) and streaming activity provided by online music sources.<ref name="NPR"/>

There are several component charts that contribute to the overall calculation of the Hot 100. The most significant ones are:

* ''[[Radio Songs (chart)|Radio Songs]]'': ''(per Billboard)'' approximately 1,000 stations, "composed of [[adult contemporary]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Country music|country]], [[Rock music|rock]], [[Gospel music|gospel]], [[Latin music (genre)|Latin]] and [[Christian music|Christian]] formats, digitally monitored twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with [[Arbitron]] listener data."
* ''Hot Singles Sales'': ''(per Billboard)'' "the top selling singles compiled from a national sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled, and provided by [[Nielsen SoundScan]]." The chart is released weekly and measures sales of physical commercial singles. With the decline in sales of physical singles in the US, many songs that become number one on this chart often do not even chart on the Hot 100.
* ''[[Digital Songs]]'': Digital sales are tracked by Nielsen SoundScan and are included as part of a title's sales points.
* ''[[Streaming Songs]]'': a collaboration between ''Billboard'', Nielsen SoundScan and [[National Association of Recording Merchandisers]] which measures the top streamed radio songs, on-demand songs and videos on leading online music services.

== Compilation ==

The tracking week for sales, streaming and airplay begins on Friday and ends on Thursday (airplay used to have a tracking week from Monday to Sunday, but effective with the chart dated July 17, 2021, the week was adjusted to align with the other two metrics<ref name="Radio Airplay Friday to Thursday"/>). A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by ''Billboard'' on Tuesday. Each chart is post-dated with the "week-ending" issue date four days after the charts are refreshed online (i.e., the following Saturday).<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8071011/billboard-chart-magazine-dates-release-week-change|title=Billboard Chart & Magazine Dates Now to Align Closer to Release Week|magazine=Billboard|date=December 19, 2017|access-date=January 1, 2018}}</ref> For example:

* Friday, January 1 – tracking-week begins for sales, streaming and airplay
* Thursday, January 7 – tracking-week ends for sales, streaming and airplay
* Tuesday, January 12 – new chart released, with issue post-dated Saturday, January 16

== Policy changes ==

The methods and policies by which this data is obtained and compiled have changed many times throughout the chart's history.

Although the advent of a singles music chart spawned chart historians and chart-watchers and greatly affected [[popular culture|pop culture]] and produced countless bits of trivia, the main purpose of the Hot 100 is to aid those within the music industry: to reflect the popularity of the "product" (the singles, the albums, etc.) and to track the trends of the buying public. ''Billboard'' has (many times) changed its methodology and policies to give the most precise and accurate reflection of what is popular. A very basic example of this would be the ratio given to sales and airplay. During the Hot 100's early history, singles were the leading way by which people bought music. At times, when singles sales were robust, more weight was given to a song's retail points than to its radio airplay.

As the decades passed, the recording industry concentrated more on album sales than singles sales. Musicians eventually expressed their creative output in the form of full-length albums rather than singles, and by the 1990s many record companies stopped releasing singles altogether (see ''Album Cuts'', below). Eventually, a song's airplay points were weighted more so than its sales. ''Billboard'' has adjusted the sales/airplay ratio many times to more accurately reflect the true popularity of songs.

=== Double-sided singles ===

''Billboard'' has also changed its Hot 100 policy regarding "two-sided singles" several times. The pre-Hot 100 chart "Best Sellers in Stores" listed popular A- and-B-sides together, with the side that was played most often (based on its other charts) listed first. One of the most notable of these, but far from the only one, was [[Elvis Presley]]'s "Don't Be Cruel" / "Hound Dog". During the Presley single's chart run, top billing was switched back and forth between the two sides several times. But on the concurrent "Most Played in Juke Boxes", "Most Played by Jockeys" and the "Top 100", the two songs were listed separately, as was true of all songs. With the initiation of the Hot 100 in 1958, A- and-B-sides charted separately, as they had on the former Top 100.

Starting with the Hot 100 chart for the week ending November 29, 1969, this rule was altered; if both sides received significant airplay, they were listed together. This started to become a moot point by 1972, as most major record labels solidified a trend they had started in the 1960s by putting the same song on both sides of the singles provided to radio.

More complex issues began to arise as the typical A-and-B-side format of singles gave way to [[12 inch singles]] and maxi-singles, many of which contained more than one B-side. Further problems arose when, in several cases, a B-side would eventually overtake the A-side in popularity, thus prompting record labels to release a new single, featuring the former B-side as the A-side, along with a "new" B-side.

The inclusion of album cuts on the Hot 100 put the double-sided hit issues to rest permanently.

=== Album cuts ===

As many Hot 100 chart policies have been modified over the years, one rule always remained constant: songs were not eligible to enter the Hot 100 unless they were available to purchase as a single. However, on December 5, 1998, the Hot 100 changed from being a "singles" chart to a "songs" chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2013/08/16/207879695/how-the-hot-100-became-americas-hit-barometer|title=How The Hot 100 Became America's Hit Barometer|work=[[NPR]]|date=August 1, 2013|access-date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> During the 1990s, a growing trend in the music industry was to promote songs to radio without ever releasing them as singles. It was claimed by major record labels{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} that singles were cannibalizing album sales, so they were slowly phased out. During this period, accusations began to fly of chart manipulation as labels would hold off on releasing a single until airplay was at its absolute peak, thus prompting a top ten or, in some cases, a number-one debut. In many cases, a label would delete a single from its catalog after only one week, thus allowing the song to enter the Hot 100, make a high debut and then slowly decline in position as the one-time production of the retail single sold out.

It was during this period that several popular mainstream hits never charted on the Hot 100, or charted well after their airplay had declined. During the period that they were not released as singles, the songs were not eligible to chart. Many of these songs dominated the ''Hot 100 Airplay'' chart for extended periods of time:

* 1995 [[The Rembrandts]]: "[[I'll Be There for You (The Rembrandts song)|I'll Be There for You]]" (number one for eight weeks)
* 1996 [[No Doubt]]: "[[Don't Speak]]" (number one for 16 weeks)
* 1997 [[Sugar Ray]] featuring [[Super Cat]]: "[[Fly (Sugar Ray song)|Fly]]" (number one for six weeks)
* 1997 [[Will Smith]]: "[[Men in Black (song)|Men in Black]]" (number one for four weeks)
* 1997 [[The Cardigans]]: "[[Lovefool]]" (number two for eight weeks)
* 1998 [[Natalie Imbruglia]]: "[[Torn (Ednaswap song)#Natalie Imbruglia version|Torn]]" (number one for 11 weeks)
* 1998 [[Goo Goo Dolls]]: "[[Iris (Goo Goo Dolls song)|Iris]]" (number one for 18 weeks)

As debate and conflicts occurred more and more often, ''Billboard'' finally answered the requests of music industry artists and insiders to include airplay-only songs (or "album cuts") in the Hot 100, while the retail component was reduced from 40% to 25%.<ref>{{cite magazine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LgoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA129 |pages=3, 129 |title=A New Hot 100 Reflects Changes in Music Business|magazine=Billboard |date=December 5, 1998}}</ref>

=== EPs ===

[[Extended play]] (EP) releases were listed by ''Billboard'' on the Hot 100 and in pre-Hot 100 charts (Top 100) until the mid-to-late 1960s. With the growing popularity of albums, it was decided to move EPs (which typically contain four to six tracks) from the Hot 100 to the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], where they are included to this day.

=== Digital downloads, online streaming and bundles ===

Since February 12, 2005, the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 tracks paid digital downloads from such internet services as [[iTunes Store|iTunes]], [[Musicmatch]], and [[Rhapsody (online music service)|Rhapsody]]. ''Billboard'' initially started tracking downloads in 2003 with the [[Hot Digital Tracks]] chart. However, these downloads did not count towards the Hot 100 and that chart (as opposed to [[Hot Digital Songs]]) counted each version of a song separately. This was the first major overhaul of the Hot 100's chart formula since December 1998.

The change in methodology has shaken up the chart considerably, with some songs debuting on the chart strictly with robust online sales and others making drastic leaps. In recent years, several songs have been able to achieve 80-to-90 position jumps in a single week as their digital components were made available at online music stores. Since 2006, the all-time record for the biggest single-week upward movement was broken nine times.

In the issue dated August 11, 2007, ''Billboard'' began incorporating weekly data from [[streaming media]] and on-demand services into the Hot 100. The first two major companies to provide their statistics to Nielsen BDS on a weekly basis were [[AOL]] Music and [[Yahoo! Music]].<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Geoff |last=Mayfield |title=Billboard Hot 100 To Include Digital Streams |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1050326/billboard-hot-100-to-include-digital-streams |magazine=Billboard |date=August 4, 2007 |access-date=July 30, 2007}}</ref> On March 24, 2012, Billboard premiered its On-Demand Songs chart, which ranks web radio streams from services such as [[Spotify]], as well as on-demand audio titles.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/502020/hot-100-impacted-by-new-on-demand-songs-chart|magazine=Billboard|title=Hot 100 Impacted by New On-Demand Songs Chart|first=Gary|last=Trust|date=March 14, 2012|access-date=March 14, 2012}}</ref> Its data was then incorporated into the equation that compiles the Hot 100, and this was expanded to a broader [[Streaming Songs]] chart in January 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1510640/new-danceelectronic-songs-chart-launches-with-william-britney-at-no-1|magazine=Billboard|title=New Dance/Electronic Songs Chart Launches With Will.i.am & Britney at No. 1|first=Silvio|last=Pietroluongo|date=January 17, 2013|access-date=February 19, 2012}}</ref> In February 2013, U.S. views for a song on [[YouTube]] were added to the Hot 100 formula. "[[Harlem Shake (song)|Harlem Shake]]" was the first song to reach number one after the changes were made.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=What's Billboard's No. 1? Now YouTube Has a Say|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/arts/music/billboard-makes-youtube-part-of-hot-100-formula.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 20, 2013|date=February 20, 2013}}</ref>

In July 2020, ''Billboard'' announced that they would no longer allow sales of physical/digital bundles to be reported as digital sales. This refers to songs being bought along with merchandise, either from an artists website or through another vendor. The magazine stated that this was a tactic generally used by certain artists to boost their chart positions. Instead, such physical releases are now only counted when they are shipped to the consumer, rendering the tactic "ineffectual".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/9417842/billboard-new-chart-rules-no-more-merch-ticket-bundles|title=Billboard Announces New Chart Rules: No More Merch & Ticket Bundles|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|last=Eggertsen|first=Chris|date=July 13, 2020|access-date=July 16, 2020}}</ref>

=== Remixes ===

A growing trend early in the first decade of the 21st century was to issue a song as a "remix" that was so drastically different in structure and lyrical content from its original version that it was essentially a whole new song. Under normal circumstances, airplay points from a song's album version, "radio" mix and/or [[dance music]] remix, etc. were all combined and factored into the song's performance on the Hot 100, as the structure, lyrics and melody remained intact. Criticisms began when songs were being completely re-recorded to the point that they no longer resembled the original recording. The first such example of this scenario is [[Jennifer Lopez]]'s "[[I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song)|I'm Real]]". Originally entering the Hot 100 in its album version, a "remix" was issued in the midst of its chart run that featured rapper [[Ja Rule]]. This new version proved to be far more popular than the album version and the track was propelled to number one.

To address this issue, ''Billboard'' now separates airplay points from a song's original version and its remix, if the remix is determined to be a "new song". Since administering this new chart rule, several songs have charted twice, normally credited as "Part 1" and "Part 2". The remix rule is still in place.

=== Recurrents ===

''Billboard'', in an effort to allow the chart to remain as current as possible and to give representation to new and developing artists and tracks, has (since 1991) removed titles that have reached certain criteria regarding its current rank and number of weeks on the chart. Recurrent criteria have been modified several times and currently ({{as of|2015|lc=y}}), a song is permanently moved to "recurrent status" if it has spent 20 weeks on the Hot 100 and fallen below position number 50. Additionally, descending songs are removed from the chart if ranking below number 25 after 52 weeks.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6770427/adele-tops-hot-100-fourth-week-justin-bieber-alessia-cara|magazine=Billboard|title=Adele Tops Hot 100 for Fourth Week; Justin Bieber, Alessia Cara Hit Top 10|first=Gary|last=Trust|date=November 23, 2015|access-date=November 23, 2015}}</ref> Exceptions are made to re-releases and sudden resurgence in popularity of tracks that have taken a very long time to gain mainstream success. These rare cases are handled on a case-by-case basis and ultimately determined by ''Billboard''{{'}}s chart managers and staff. Christmas songs have been a regular presence on the Hot 100 each December since the relaxation of recurrent rules, culminating in [[Mariah Carey]]'s 1994 recording "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" reaching #1 on the chart in December 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Wish Come True: Mariah Carey's 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' Hits No. 1 on Hot 100 After 25-Year Wait |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8546418/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-number-one |magazine=Billboard |access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref>

=== Adjustment of tracking week ===

''Billboard'' altered its tracking-week for sales, streaming and radio airplay in order to conform to a new Global Release Date, which now falls on Fridays in all major-market territories (United States product was formerly released on Tuesdays before June 2015). This modified tracking schedule took effect in the issue dated July 25, 2015.<ref name="tracking"/>

== Year-end charts ==

''Billboard''{{'}}s "chart year" runs from the first week of December to the final week in November. This altered calendar allows for ''Billboard'' to calculate [[Billboard Year-End|year-end charts]] and release them in time for its final print issue in the last week of December.

Before Nielsen SoundScan, year-end singles charts were calculated by an inverse-point system based solely on a song's performance on the Hot 100 (for example, a song would be given one point for a week spent at position 100, two points for a week spent at position 99 and so forth, up to 100 points for each week spent at number one). Other factors including the total weeks a song spent on the chart and at its peak position were calculated into its year-end total.

After ''Billboard'' began obtaining sales and airplay information from Nielsen SoundScan, the year-end charts are now calculated by a very straightforward cumulative total of yearlong sales, streaming, and airplay points. This gives a more accurate picture of any given year's most popular tracks, as the points accrued by one song during its week at number one in March might be less than those accrued by another song reaching number three in January. Songs at the peak of their popularity at the time of the November/December chart-year cutoff many times end up ranked on the following year's chart as well, as their cumulative points are split between the two chart-years, but often are ranked lower than they would have been had the peak occurred in a single year.

== Use in media ==

The Hot 100 served for many years as the data source for the weekly radio countdown show ''[[American Top 40]]''. This relationship ended on November 30, 1991, as ''American Top 40'' started using the [[Billboard Hot 100 Airplay|airplay-only side of the Hot 100]] (then called '''Top 40 Radio Monitor'''). The ongoing splintering of [[Contemporary hit radio|Top 40 radio]] in the early 1990s led stations to lean into specific formats, meaning that practically no station would play the wide array of genres that typically composed each weekly Hot 100 chart.

An artist or band's ability to have hits in the Hot 100 across multiple decades is recognized as a sign of longevity and being able to adapt to changing musical styles. Only five artists had a Hot 100 Top 40 hit in each of the four decades from the 1980s through the 2010s: [[Michael Jackson]], [[Madonna (artist)|Madonna]], [["Weird Al" Yankovic]], [[U2]], and [[Kenny G]].<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8542554/kenny-g-top-40-hits-four-decades-kanye-west-use-this-gospel | title = Thanks to Kanye, Kenny G Is Just the Fifth Act With Hot 100 Top 40 Hits in Each of the Last Four Decades | first = Gary | last = Trust | date = November 4, 2019 | access-date = November 6, 2019 | magazine = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref> [[Mariah Carey]] is the first artist to have a number-one single in four different decades.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you | title = Mariah Carey Becomes First Artist at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 in Four Decades, Thanks to 'All I Want for Christmas' | first = Gary | last = Trust | date = December 30, 2019 | access-date = December 30, 2019 | magazine = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref>

== Similar charts ==

A new chart, the [[Pop 100]], was created by ''Billboard'' in February 2005 to answer criticism that the Hot 100 at the time was too dominated by hip hop and R&B. It was discontinued in June 2009 due to the charts becoming increasingly similar.

The [[Canadian Hot 100]] was launched June 16, 2007. Like the Hot 100 chart, it uses sales and airplay tracking compiled by Nielsen SoundScan and [[Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems|BDS]].<ref>{{cite magazine | title = Billboard Launches Canadian Hot 100 Chart | url = http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1051685/billboard-launches-canadian-hot-100-chart | magazine = Billboard | date = June 7, 2007 | access-date = June 4, 2010 }}</ref>

The [[Billboard Japan Hot 100|''Billboard'' Japan Hot 100]] was launched in the issue dated May 31, 2008, using the same methodologies as the Hot 100 charts for the U.S. and Canada, using sales and airplay data from SoundScan Japan and radio tracking service Plantech.<ref>{{cite magazine | first = Gary | last = Trust | title = Billboard Japan Hot 100 Finds Global Audience | url = http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045309/billboard-japan-hot-100-finds-global-audience | magazine = Billboard | date = May 21, 2008 | access-date = June 4, 2010 }}</ref>

The Vietnamese edition of Hot 100, [[Billboard Vietnam Hot 100|''Billboard'' Vietnam Hot 100]], was launched on January 14, 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine | title = Billboard Vietnam Hot 100 | url = https://billboardvn.vn/billboard-vietnam-hot-100/ | magazine = Billboard | date = January 20, 2022 | access-date = January 19, 2022 }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{cols|colwidth=22em}}

* ''[[American Top 40]]''
* [[Bestseller (music)|Bestseller]]
* [[Billboard charts|''Billboard'' charts]]
* [[Billboard Global 200|''Billboard'' Global 200]]
* [[Billboard Music Awards|''Billboard'' Music Awards]]
* [[Chart-topper]]
* [[List of artists who reached number one in the United States]]
* [[List of best-selling music artists]]
* [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|List of ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones]]
* [[List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of the 2020s|List of ''Billboard'' Hot 100 number-one singles of the 2020s]]
* [[List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles|List of ''Billboard'' Hot 100 top-ten singles]]
* [[List of Billboard number-one singles|List of ''Billboard'' number-one singles]]
* [[Single certifications]]
* [[Rolling Stone Top 100|''Rolling Stone'' Top 100]]

{{colend}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}

* [[Fred Bronson|Bronson, Fred]]. ''Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition'' ({{ISBN|0-8230-7677-6}})
* Feldman, Christopher G. ''The Billboard Book of No. 2 Singles'' ({{ISBN|0-8230-7695-4}})
* [[Joel Whitburn|Whitburn, Joel]]. ''Top Pop Singles 1955–2008, 12 Edition'' ({{ISBN|0-89820-180-2}})
* [[Joel Whitburn|Whitburn, Joel]]. ''The Billboard Pop Charts, 1955–1959'' ({{ISBN|0-89820-092-X}})
* [[Joel Whitburn|Whitburn, Joel]]. ''The Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties'' ({{ISBN|0-89820-074-1}})
* [[Joel Whitburn|Whitburn, Joel]]. ''The Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Seventies'' ({{ISBN|0-89820-076-8}})
* [[Joel Whitburn|Whitburn, Joel]]. ''The Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Eighties'' ({{ISBN|0-89820-079-2}})
* [[Joel Whitburn|Whitburn, Joel]]. ''The Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties'' ({{ISBN|0-89820-137-3}})

{{Refend}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100}}

{{Number-one singles in the United States}}
{{USTop10s}}
{{Billboard}}
{{Music industry}}
{{Hot 100 year-end charts}}

[[Category:Billboard charts|Hot 100]]
[[Category:Top lists]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles| ]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in the United States]]

Bhai Trilochan Singh Panesar

2023-10-03T15:34:44Z

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[[File:Bhai trilochan singh panesar.jpg|thumb|Picture of Bhai Trilochan Singh Panesar also known as Veerji.]]
'''Bhai Trilochan Singh Panesar''' also known as '''Veerji''' (18 November 1937 – 19 March 2010) was a social worker in India. He is famously known as Jhaaroo (broom) Wale Veerji as he made it his mission to clean all the major historical [[Gurdwara]]s in Delhi. He organised his team of volunteers to prepare food whole day and feed thousands of people through [[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]] (community kitchen) every morning, in front of [[Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib]], [[Chandni Chowk]], [[Delhi]].

Veerji was born in [[Mandalay]], [[Burma]] on 18 November 1937. His father Sadhoo Singh served in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War II]] and later in the [[Indian Railways]]. Singh retired as a technical officer with the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]], Pusa, [[New Delhi]]. He died on 19 March 2010. His wife was Sardarni Dalip Kaur. She died on 5 Mar 2008. The couple had two sons, Premjit Singh Panesar and Kamaljeet Singh, who are now continuing the mission started by their parents. Veerji was deeply influenced by the teachings of Sikh Gurus, Bhai Kanhaiya, and Mother Teresa.

== Works ==
Noted columnist [[Khushwant Singh]] wrote a column in ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' in September 2002 appreciating his work with the article "No One Will Go Hungry" ([http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020907/windows/above.htm]) after seeing his volunteers distribute food to pilgrims in Sach Khand Express train. He discouraged people from drawing commercial benefit from sale of Sikh religious texts and instead distributed them free of cost. He campaigned for a vegetarian diet. He organized camps for the inmates of Tihar Jail, New Delhi, and many jails in states such as [[Bihar]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in which free eye check-up and distribution of spectacles, scanning and treatment for [[tuberculosis]], and distribution of clothes for inmates was organized. He and his teams cremate unclaimed dead bodies in various mortuaries around the city with the help of [[Department of Police, Delhi]]. He has immunized several of people for [[Hepatitis B]]. He, in various capacities, constructed and repaired a number of crematoriums. He hired land to grow crops from which grain could be used for feeding the poor.

== Construction works ==
Veerji helped in the construction of many temples. He contributed in construction of Gurudwara Moti Bagh and the [[Gurudwara Bangla Sahib|pond at Bangla Sahib]]. He got many [[tube well]]s dug in the city to provide water for drinking and cleaning. He started Virdhashram, a hospital where patients who need continued care are admitted. The last project he started was the construction of a multi-storeyed bath room block building in the [[Gurudwara Bangla Sahib]] near Cannaught Place, New Delhi. His team is currently constructing a multi-utility building at Gurudwara Bala Sahib in Delhi. The Langar Hall has been completed and a living accommodation for pilgrims and travellers is being completed.

== Emergency services ==

He constructed a 200-bed hospital in [[Limbdi]], [[Gujarat]] as a part of [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] relief works. He also worked to provide relief during events such as [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]], bomb blasts at [[Sarojini Nagar]], New Delhi, [[Bihar]] floods in September 2008. His team contributed in relief work for the 2014 floods in Kashmir.

== Early life==
Veerji was born in Mandalay in Burma; it is said that in 1942 some of his family members were killed during the Japanese bombing. He was a five-year-old child, was picked up by his elder sister and brought to Punjab. His father who was then serving in Army, discovered that his children were alive much later. He studied in a village [[Madrasah|madrassa]] initially and in a school. He joined Engineering College at [[Nilokheri]], [[Haryana]], where he earned his diploma in civil engineering. Veerji joined PWD Punjab, and was involved in survey work in Rohtang Pass. He came on deputation to New Delhi for construction of IIT Delhi. He left IIT in 1971, and joined IARI Pusa.

== Highlighting Sikhism ==
Veerji encouraged marriages without dowry. He organized many marriages, and advised the couples to avoid expenditure. He opposed abortion and urged people instead to give such children to him, so that he could care for orphans. He helped many orphans by settling them in good families. Veerji discouraged ritualism, and orthodox behaviour.

==His Philosophy==
Life is short, make the best use of it. Realize that service (sewa) and prayer (simran) are the only two bedrocks of life. Without mercy in the heart even a saint becomes a monster. To achieve anything one has to first give up slumber, rest and one has to undergo pain. Giving is no giving till it pains to give. Serving is no serving till it pains to serve. When there is opposition, and hurt, the service is accepted by Almighty. Seek no publicity, work alone without politics, there are many who will value your work. If you are running after fame and respect, God is never happy. Serve the needy in silence. Nature rewards the humble. Serve the needy. Compassion is the most important quality in a person, the start point of religion. Without compassion, all is futile. Remembering God always, and making small prayers (Ardaas) before each work gets success. Building temples and places of worship is good, but real good thing is to serve humanity, and nature. Realize that each breath we take takes us closer to our end, do not waste time in petty affairs. Work with own hands, humbly. Share and consume, and do not eat meat. Your food itself should be pure, do not consume intoxicants. Do not use drugs, or tobacco. Suffering bad words, without reacting is real tapasya(strenuous worship). God loves us, and looks after us, he is always close to us, and cares for us. When you are serving the needy, you are serving God.
Service in which there is no pain involved is no service, giving is no giving till it pains to give. If you face opposition in your works, consider it as certain that success is near and you are about to be blessed. Shun the company of publicity seekers, they do work for fame and will barter your works for personal selfish motives. If you get into worry, feed the birds, worry disappears from under the roof of the house on which birds feed. If you have less money and cannot feed the birds, feed the ants, as they will be satisfied with just a few grams of sugar and flour (chini te atta). It is the number of souls which are satisfied by you which will matter. If you are in a great problem, and cannot get any results, go to a butchery, buy a pregnant cow, or an animal about to be butchered. Get that animal released, care for it, and you will be blessed. Release fish which is about to be eaten, into flowing water/ponds. Give water to the thirsty. Clothes to those who have none. Bandage the injured and those who cannot afford it. Sweep the floors of prayer houses, keep them clean. One who pays daily respects to a Master is loved by his master. Salute God daily, in each breath you take. Remembrance is being with Him. Have a contract with God: I will do your works, You do mine.

==Current works==
Veerji is revered as a saint by many. All projects started by him are still continuing. People who respect the way shown by him for humanitarian services continue to contribute their energies in the mission started by him. His mission seeks no donations in cash.

==References==

* Khushwant Singh (2002) in [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020907/windows/above.htm No One Will Go Hungry]. ''The Tribune'', 7 September 2002. Retrieved on 29 April 2010.
* Gabriel Brau (2010) in [http://gabrielbrau.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html Visit to India - 6]. A photoessay on blogspot.com tell the story.
* Jeroem Swolf's Reportage in [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724154644/http://www.jeroenswolfs.nl/frame.php?catId=21136 Chandni Chowk Mornings] An independent foreign reporter covers the Morning Services in Delhi.
* Streets of the World in [http://www.streetsoftheworld.nl/countries/new_delhi/431 Activity at Chandni Chowk, New Delhi—Feeding the Hungry and tending to the sick and wounded.]
* Gobind Times a website devoted to Bhai Trilochan Singh Panesar and his writings in [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143026/http://gobindtimes.in/ Gobind Times—A Mouthpiece of Veerji].
* Why Not Give article in Times of India (Speaking Tree) dated 14 Oct 2012 [http://www.speakingtree.in/spiritual-articles/lifestyle/why-not-give].
* Keeping humanity alive on Delhi streets by Tamanna Naseer (The Statesman) dated 5 Sep 2015 accessed at [http://www.thestatesman.com/news/features/keeping-humanity-alive-on-delhi-streets/87773.html].
* Photography by Branson Q 360 Bhai Trilochan Singh Panesar at [http://bransonq360.com/p940366922].
* Zee TV coverage about medical services provided by this mission in Hindi, TV grab at Facebook at [https://www.facebook.com/jaswinder.kaur.714655/videos/10157387960785171/].
* Prime Asia TV, Canada has covered the mission in a 25-minute documentary in Punjabi and Hindi at [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ukQgDwQviq8&feature=youtu.be].
* Hospital on Street, an inspirational video on YouTube at [https://www.youtube.com/attribution_link?a=OH_tGsS6Eoo&u=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUxF69VH5EpI%26feature%3Dshare].
* National Geographic TV Channel coverage in Programme Mega Kitchens about team's contribution in Hola Mahalla and Baisakhi, Facebook post on TV grab at [https://www.facebook.com/jaswinder.kaur.714655/videos/10157386819345171/].
* Coverage on Navbharat Times, 03 Dec 17, Facebook post Facebook post at [https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1942141045813243&id=100000520982686].
{{Sikhism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panesar, Bhai Trilochan}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]

Bhai Balmukund

2023-10-03T15:33:50Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Indian English}} and {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Use Indian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
'''Bhai Balmukund''' (1889 – 8 May 1915) was an Indian revolutionary freedom fighter. He was sentenced to death and hanged by the [[British Raj]] for his role in [[Delhi conspiracy case]]. He was a cousin of another revolutionary [[Bhai Parmanand]], who was a founder member of [[Ghadar Party]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bhai Parmanand|2009|page=79}}</ref>

==Earlier life==
Bhai Balmukund was born in 1889 at Kariala village in [[Jhelum district]] (now in Pakistan). His father's name was Bhai Mathura Das. His family hailed from a famous martyr of [[Hindu]] history [[Bhai Mati Das]] from whom they attached the epithet ''Bhai'' to their names.<ref>{{harvnb|Sarala|1999}}</ref> Balmukund's interest in national movement aroused when he was a student. After graduation, he took the profession of teaching, but his attachments to the national movement made him an ardent nationalist.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

==Revolutionary activities==
On 23 December 1912, when [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]] was marching in a state through the [[Chandni Chowk]], [[Delhi]], a bomb was thrown on him. The Viceroy received minor injuries only, but his attendant was killed. Another bomb was thrown at some Europeans at [[Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore|Lawrence Garden]], [[Lahore]] five months later on 17 May 1913. Following investigations, Balmukund was arrested from [[Jodhpur]], where he was working as a tutor of the Jodhpur Maharaja's sons.

==Death==
A trial was held at Delhi after the investigations of the bombings and Balmukund was sentenced to death along with his companions Master Amir Chand, Awadh Behari, and [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]] on 5 October 1914. He was hanged in the Old Delhi Jail near Delhi Gate on 8 May 1915 at the age of 26.<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Trust of India |title=Sheila Dikshit pays tribute to martyrs of Hardinge bomb case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/sheila-dikshit-pays-tribute-to-martyrs-of-hardinge-bomb-case-481520 |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Sarala |first=Shrikrishna |title=Indian revolutionaries: a comprehensive study, 1757-1961 |volume=II |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=1999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVx-yK6MhaQC&q=bhai%20balmukand&pg=PT65 |access-date=1 April 2010 |pages=221–224 |isbn=9788187100171 }}
*{{cite book |last=Bhai Parmanand |title=The Story Of My Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CHMoCHJl98C&pg=PP1 |access-date=2 April 2010 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-87100-38-6 }}

{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:People from Jhelum]]

Bhai Balmukund

2023-10-03T15:15:29Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {{{{{{{{Use dmy dates}}}}, {{{{Use British English}}}}, {{{{Use Indian English}}}}, {{{{Use Canadian English}}}}, {{{{Use American English}}}}}}}} -> {{{{{{{{Use dmy dates|date={subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME} {subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}}, {{{{Use British English|date={subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME} {subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}}, {{{{Use Indian English|date={subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME} {subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}}, {{{{Use Canadian English|date={subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME} {subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}}, {{{{Use...

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
'''Bhai Balmukund''' (1889 – 8 May 1915) was an Indian revolutionary freedom fighter. He was sentenced to death and hanged by the [[British Raj]] for his role in [[Delhi conspiracy case]]. He was a cousin of another revolutionary [[Bhai Parmanand]], who was a founder member of [[Ghadar Party]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bhai Parmanand|2009|page=79}}</ref>

==Earlier life==
Bhai Balmukund was born in 1889 at Kariala village in [[Jhelum district]] (now in Pakistan). His father's name was Bhai Mathura Das. His family hailed from a famous martyr of [[Hindu]] history [[Bhai Mati Das]] from whom they attached the epithet ''Bhai'' to their names.<ref>{{harvnb|Sarala|1999}}</ref> Balmukund's interest in national movement aroused when he was a student. After graduation, he took the profession of teaching, but his attachments to the national movement made him an ardent nationalist.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

==Revolutionary activities==
On 23 December 1912, when [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]] was marching in a state through the [[Chandni Chowk]], [[Delhi]], a bomb was thrown on him. The Viceroy received minor injuries only, but his attendant was killed. Another bomb was thrown at some Europeans at [[Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore|Lawrence Garden]], [[Lahore]] five months later on 17 May 1913. Following investigations, Balmukund was arrested from [[Jodhpur]], where he was working as a tutor of the Jodhpur Maharaja's sons.

==Death==
A trial was held at Delhi after the investigations of the bombings and Balmukund was sentenced to death along with his companions Master Amir Chand, Awadh Behari, and [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]] on 5 October 1914. He was hanged in the Old Delhi Jail near Delhi Gate on 8 May 1915 at the age of 26.<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Trust of India |title=Sheila Dikshit pays tribute to martyrs of Hardinge bomb case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/sheila-dikshit-pays-tribute-to-martyrs-of-hardinge-bomb-case-481520 |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Sarala |first=Shrikrishna |title=Indian revolutionaries: a comprehensive study, 1757-1961 |volume=II |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=1999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVx-yK6MhaQC&q=bhai%20balmukand&pg=PT65 |access-date=1 April 2010 |pages=221–224 |isbn=9788187100171 }}
*{{cite book |last=Bhai Parmanand |title=The Story Of My Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CHMoCHJl98C&pg=PP1 |access-date=2 April 2010 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-87100-38-6 }}

{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:People from Jhelum]]

Bardish Chagger

2023-10-03T14:10:31Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {Use Canadian English} -> {Use Canadian English}

{{Use Canadian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Short description|Canadian politician (born 1980)}}
{{Infobox CanadianMP
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Bardish Chagger
| honorific-suffix ={{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|MP|size=100%}}
| image = Waterloo MP 2017.jpg
| imagesize =
| office = [[Minister of Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities|Minister of Diversity and Inclusion and Youth]]
| primeminister = [[Justin Trudeau]]
| term_start = November 20, 2019
| term_end = October 26, 2021
| predecessor = ''Position created''
| successor = [[Ahmed Hussen]] (Diversity and Inclusion) [[Marci Ien]] (Youth)
| office1 = [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada)|Leader of the Government in the House of Commons]]
| primeminister1 = [[Justin Trudeau]]
| term_start1 = August 19, 2016
| term_end1 = November 20, 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Dominic LeBlanc]]
| successor1 = [[Pablo Rodríguez (Canadian politician)|Pablo Rodríguez]]
| office2 = [[Minister of Small Business and Tourism]]
| primeminister2 = [[Justin Trudeau]]
| term_start2 = November 4, 2015
| term_end2 = July 18, 2018
| predecessor2 = [[Maxime Bernier]]
| successor2 = [[Melanie Joly]] (Tourism) [[Mary Ng]] (Small Business)
| riding3 = [[Waterloo (federal electoral district)|Waterloo]]
| parliament3 = Canadian
| term_start3 = October 19, 2015
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = ''Riding established''
| successor3 =
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|mf=yes|1980|4|6}}
| birth_place =[[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| death_date =
| death_place =
| profession = [[Community organizing|Community organizer]]
| party = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| residence = [[Waterloo, Ontario]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2019app/51/table12E.html|title=Official Voting Results|publisher=Elections Canada|access-date=January 23, 2021}}</ref>
| website = {{url|http://bardishchaggermp.ca/|bardishchaggermp.ca}}
| footnotes =
| spouse =
| children=
| alma_mater = [[University of Waterloo]]
|}}

'''Bardish Chagger''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|MP}} (born April 6, 1980) is a Canadian politician who served as a Cabinet minister from 2015 to 2021. A member of the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]], Chagger has sat in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] as the [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for the [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Waterloo (federal electoral district)|Waterloo]] since the [[2015 Canadian federal election|2015 federal election]].<ref>"[http://www.therecord.com/news-story/5968087-liberal-chagger-takes-waterloo/ Liberal Chagger takes Waterloo]", ''[[Waterloo Region Record]]'', 20 October 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=20 October 2015|title=19 Indian-Canadians elected to Canadian parliament|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/19-indian-canadians-elected-to-canadian-parliament/articleshow/49464520.cms|access-date=20 October 2015|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|archive-date=11 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151111145903/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/19-indian-canadians-elected-to-canadian-parliament/articleshow/49464520.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Chagger previously held the portfolios of [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons]] and [[Minister of Small Business and Tourism]].<ref name="CBC News">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/cabinet-shuffle-house-learder-1.3728243|title=Bardish Chagger adds government House leader to small business, tourism duties|date=19 August 2016|publisher=CBC News}}</ref> Chagger was the first female [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons]] in the history of Canada.

==Early life and education==
Chagger's parents immigrated to [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]] from [[Punjab, India]] in the 1970s. Her family is Sikh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Amato |first1=Luisa |title=Bardish Chagger's politics are always local, and her office rarely locked |url=https://www.therecord.com/opinion-story/7998838-d-amato-bardish-chagger-s-politics-are-always-local-and-her-office-rarely-locked/ |access-date=26 June 2018 |publisher=Waterloo Region Record |date=15 December 2017}}</ref> Her father, Gurminder "Gogi" Chagger, was active in the Liberal Party and an admirer of [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Pierre Trudeau]]. Chagger's first involvement in politics came in the [[1993 Canadian federal election|1993 federal election]] as a 13-year-old volunteer for [[Andrew Telegdi]]'s successful campaign in Waterloo.<ref name="Loves political life" />

She attended the [[University of Waterloo]], with aspirations to become a nurse, but she subsequently became an executive assistant to Telegdi, who represented Waterloo in the House of Commons for the Liberals from 1993 to 2008.<ref name="Loves political life">{{cite web | url=http://www.therecord.com/news-story/6047089-newly-elected-waterloo-mp-bardish-chagger-loves-the-political-life/ | title=Newly elected Waterloo MP Bardish Chagger loves the political life | publisher=[[The Waterloo Region Record]] | date=27 October 2015 | access-date=4 November 2015 | author=Mercer, Greg}}</ref>

Chagger graduated from the University of Waterloo with a bachelor of science degree.<ref name="Named to Cabinet">{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/waterloo-mp-bardish-chagger-named-to-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3303633 | title=Waterloo MP Bardish Chagger named to Justin Trudeau's cabinet | publisher=[[CBC News]] | date=4 November 2015 | access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> After Telegedi's defeat in 2008, Chagger became a director of special events for the Kitchener-Waterloo Multicultural Centre.<ref name="Named to Cabinet" />

==Federal politics==
Chagger volunteered for [[Justin Trudeau]]'s [[2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election|2013 party leadership bid]], and subsequently became the Liberal Party's candidate in the newly reconstituted [[Waterloo (federal electoral district)|Waterloo]] riding. She took 49.7% of the vote and defeated two-term [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] incumbent [[Peter Braid]], who had earlier ousted her former employer Andrew Telegdi.<ref name="Loves political life" /><ref name="Named to Cabinet" />

===Minister for Small Business and Tourism===
On November 4, 2015, Chagger was sworn in as [[Minister of Small Business and Tourism]].<ref>Record Staff, [http://www.therecord.com/news-story/6080283-waterloo-mp-chagger-named-to-federal-cabinet/ Waterloo MP Chagger named to federal cabinet], ''The Waterloo Region Record'', November 4, 2015</ref>

As a result of the July 18, 2018 cabinet shuffle, Chagger's responsibilities for Small Business were given to [[Mary Ng]], and [[Mélanie Joly]] took on the responsibilities of Tourism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-cabinet-shuffle-2018-1.4749976 |title=Trudeau cabinet shuffle brings new faces, several changes for run-up to 2019 campaign |work=CBC News |last=Harris |first=Kathleen |date=July 18, 2018 |access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref>

===Leader of the Government in the House of Commons===
On August 19, 2016, Chagger was sworn in as [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons]] replacing [[Dominic Leblanc]] in the position. She retained her responsibilities as [[Minister of Small Business and Tourism]] until the July 18, 2018 cabinet shuffle.<ref name="CBC News"/>

On March 10, 2017, Chagger in her role as Government House Leader released a discussion paper titled ''Modernization of the Standing Orders of the House of Commons''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/leader-government-house-commons/services/reform-standing-orders-house-commons/2017/march.html|title=Reforming the Standing Orders of the House of Commons|last=Office|first=Privy Council|date=2017-03-10|website=aem|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref> which sought to implement different ways that House of Commons procedure and practice could be improved to be more accountable, predictable and available to all Members of Parliament, and the public. The modernization paper suggested reforms to the House of Commons such as the implementation of electronic voting, the curtailment of Friday sittings, the reformation of Question Period, including a Prime Minister's Question Period, changes to the process of prorogation, greater powers for the Speaker to separate votes and committee studies on omnibus bills and legislative programming.

Opposition members of Parliament were concerned with the reforms proposed in the discussion paper, in particular with proposals to implement legislative programming and the elimination or change of Friday sittings in the House of Commons. In late April 2017, Chagger sent a letter to her counterparts, then New Democratic Party House Leader Murray Rankin and Conservative House Leader Candice Bergen, to inform them that the government would be abandoning several of the key proposals that were part of the modernization paper, such as changes to the Friday sitting, legislative programming, and electronic voting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/346845163/Government-House-Leader-Bardish-Chagger-s-letter-to-her-opposition-counterparts|title=Government House Leader Bardish Chagger's letter to her opposition counterparts {{!}} Government|website=Scribd|language=en|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref> They would continue however with proposals that were explicitly part of the 2015 Liberal election platform, including the decision to have a Prime Minister’s Question Period, requiring the government to issue a report following the use of prorogation, and allowing the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)|speaker of the House of Commons]] to separate votes or committee studies on different parts of a bill that he or she deems to be omnibus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3415895/house-of-commons-rules-reform-dropped/|title=Liberals shelve House of Commons reform plans after opposition criticism - National {{!}} Globalnews.ca|date=2017-04-30|website=globalnews.ca|language=en|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref>

===WE Charity Ethics Investigation===
{{see also|WE Charity controversy}}
In July 2020, Chagger was the first witness who testified in front of a parliamentary committee investigating awarding of a sole-sourced contract to run Canada Student Service Grant (CSSG) to [[We Charity|WE Charity]], an organization with ties to Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] and [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Finance Minister]] [[Bill Morneau]]. Chagger was the one who signed the contracts with WE Charity, and had met with WE Charity days before student program was announced by Trudeau.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-20|title=Liberal minister Bardish Chagger met with WE Charity days before student program was announced by Trudeau|url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2020/07/20/liberal-minister-bardish-chagger-met-with-we-charity-days-before-student-program-was-announced-by-trudeau.html|access-date=2020-08-02|website=thestar.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=Jul 21, 2020|title=Waterloo MP Chagger says she won't resign over WE Charity scandal|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/waterloo-mp-minister-bardish-chagger-we-charity-1.5657204|access-date=Aug 2, 2020}}</ref> Originally it was reported that WE charity would get a payment of at least $19.5 million, later it was disclosed that the contract was paying them up to $43.5 million to run student volunteer grant program. Chagger testified that it was the public service that recommended the grant program be outsourced to a third party via a contribution agreement, specifically it was Assistant Deputy Minister of Employment and Social Development Rachel Wernick.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trudeau government was willing to pay WE Charity up to $43.5M to run student volunteer grant program|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/trudeau-government-was-willing-to-pay-we-charity-up-to-43-5m-to-run-student-volunteer-grant-program|access-date=2020-07-17|website=National Post|language=en-CA}}</ref>

==Electoral record==
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2021|Waterloo (federal electoral district)|Waterloo|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Bardish Chagger|26,926|45.1|-3.7}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Meghan Shannon|16,528|27.7|+3.2}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Jonathan Cassels|11,360|19.0|+3.8}}
{{CANelec|CA|PPC|Patrick Doucette|2,802|4.7|+3.0}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Karla Villagomez Fajardo|2,038|3.4|-6.3}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|59,654|99.4}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|353|0.6}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|60,007|69.4}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters|86,456}}
{{CANelec/hold|CA|Liberal|-3.5}}
{{CANelec/source|Source: [[Elections Canada]]<ref>{{cite web |title=List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election |url=https://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/lst&document=index&lang=e |website=[[Elections Canada]] |access-date=2 September 2021}}</ref>|}}
{{end}}

{{2019 Canadian federal election/Waterloo}}
{{2015 Canadian federal election/Waterloo}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://bardishchaggermp.ca/}}
* [https://pm.gc.ca/en/cabinet/honourable-bardish-chagger Bio & mandate from the Prime Minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210013004/https://pm.gc.ca/en/cabinet/honourable-bardish-chagger |date=2020-12-10 }}
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=18546}}

{{s-start}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=29}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post3preceded = ''Position established''
| post3 = [[Minister of Diversity and Inclusion and Youth]]
| post3years = November 20, 2019 – October 26, 2021
| post3note =
| post3followed = [[Ahmed Hussen]] (Diversity and Inclusion) [[Marci Ien]] (Youth)
| post2preceded = [[Dominic LeBlanc]]
| post2 = [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada)|Leader of the Government in the House of Commons]]
| post2years = August 19, 2016 – November 20, 2019
| post2note =
| post2followed = [[Pablo Rodríguez (Canadian politician)|Pablo Rodriguez]]
| post1preceded = [[Maxime Bernier]]
| post1 = [[Minister of Small Business and Tourism]]
| post1years = November 4, 2015 – July 18, 2018
| post1note =
| post1followed = [[Mary Ng]] (Small Business) [[Melanie Joly]] (Tourism)
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Justin Trudeau Ministry}}
{{CanCabinet}}
{{Current Members of the Canadian House of Commons}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chagger, Bardish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Women members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Politicians from Waterloo, Ontario]]
[[Category:University of Waterloo alumni]]
[[Category:Women in Ontario politics]]
[[Category:Members of the 29th Canadian Ministry]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of Canada]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian women politicians]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]

Balwant (Bal) Singh Saini

2023-10-03T13:51:21Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {Use dmy dates}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
'''Balwant (Bal) Singh Saini''' is a former British [[field hockey|hockey]] international of Indian descent. He made his debut for [[England men's national field hockey team|England]] on 12 March 1977 when he played against [[West Germany]] at [[Lord's Cricket Ground|Lords, London]]. He scored a spectacular goal on his debut at Lords which is still remembered. He went on to win 18 England caps and represented British field hockey team in 4th World Cup in [[Buenos Aires]] in 1978.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sikhhockeyolympians.com/Countries/GreatBritain.html | title=Sikhs in Hockey in Great Britain | accessdate=May 21, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301101550/http://www.sikhhockeyolympians.com/Countries/GreatBritain.html | archive-date=March 1, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Bal also won his first England Indoor cap on 10 January 1981. He went on to win 18 Indoor caps, scoring 11 goals.

On the domestic circuit, he was also a member of Slough's successful teams in the late 70s and early 80s.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saini, Balwant}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British male field hockey players]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{UK-fieldhockey-bio-stub}}

Bali Rai

2023-10-03T13:41:39Z

TimeStampBot: Dating maintenance tags: {Use dmy dates}

{{Short description|English author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use British English}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Bali Rai
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|11|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Leicester]], [[Leicestershire]], England
| occupation = Novelist
| language = English
| genre = [[Young adult fiction]]
| movement =
| notableworks = ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]'', ''Rani and Sukh'', ''Killing Honour''
| spouse =
| website = {{URL|http://www.balirai.co.uk/}}
}}
'''Bali Rai''' (born 30 November 1971) is an English author of [[children's literature|children's]] and [[young adult fiction]].

==Early life==
Rai was born in [[Leicester]] in 1971, to [[Punjab|Punjabi]] parents.<ref name="tamarind">{{cite web|title=Sohni Mehiwal: Bali Rai|url=http://www.tamarindbooks.co.uk/blog/index.php/2014/01/sohni-mehiwal-bali-rai/|website=Tamarind Books Blog|publisher=Tamarind Books|accessdate=15 January 2018|ref=tamarind1}}</ref> At the age of eleven, he read ''[[The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾|The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole]]'' by [[Sue Townsend]], which inspired him to take up writing. He has also cited [[Roald Dahl]] as an early influence on his writing.<ref name="official">{{cite web|title=Bali Rai Biography|url=http://www.balirai.co.uk/biography|website=Bali Rai Official Website|accessdate=15 January 2018|ref=official1|archive-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915142850/http://www.balirai.co.uk/biography|url-status=dead}}</ref> He attended [[Judgemeadow Community College]], moving to [[Wyggeston and Queen Elizabeth I College]] for [[sixth form college|sixth form]].

In 1991, Rai moved to London to study at [[South Bank University]], graduating with a 2:1 in politics.<ref name="bkt">{{cite web|title=Bali Rai|url=https://www.booktrust.org.uk/authors/r/rai-bali/|website=BookTrust|publisher=BookTrust|accessdate=15 January 2018|ref=bkt}}</ref> He stayed in London for two years after graduating, but was forced to return to Leicester due to personal circumstances. He had a number of jobs, including working for a supermarket, in telesales, and managing a bar. He began to write his first novel, ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]'', during this period.<ref name="official" />

==Writing career==
Bali Rai showed parts of his debut novel, ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]'', to literary agent Jennifer Luithlen, who agreed to represent him. Once the novel had been edited, Rai signed a contract with [[Transworld Publishers|Transworld]]. The novel was published in 2001 to critical acclaim.

''Rani & Sukh'', which Rai described as a "true mash-up of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], [[Bollywood]] and [[Punjabi folklore|Punjabi folk tales]]", was published in 2004 and later became a [[General Certificate of Secondary Education|GCSE]] set-text.<ref name="tamarind" /> He has also written several books for dyslexia-friendly publisher [[Barrington Stoke]], such as ''Dream On'' and its sequel ''Game On''. His work has been published in various anthologies, including the 2017 book ''Here I Stand'', raising money and awareness for the human rights charity [[Amnesty International]].

Rai has made appearances on television and radio to discuss racism, his writing, and promoting reading for pleasure.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|title=Four Thought, Series 2, Bali Rai: Stop Talking About Race|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01bb7k6|website=BBC Radio 4|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=15 January 2018|ref=bbc1}}</ref><ref name="bbc2">{{cite web|title=Sonia Deol, Author Bali Rai|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b014j413|website=BBC Asian Network|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=15 January 2018|ref=bbc2}}</ref> He has also been an ambassador for [[The Reading Agency]]'s Reading Ahead programme, and was [[BookTrust]]'s sixth online writer-in-residence.<ref name="bkt2">{{cite web|title=Writer in Residence Bali Rai|url=https://www.booktrust.org.uk/books/writer-in-residence/previous-writers-in-residence/bali-rai/#!?sortOption=MostRecent&pageNo=1|website=BookTrust|publisher=BookTrust|accessdate=15 January 2018|ref=bkt2}}</ref> In 2019 he became an Ambassador for audiobook charity [https://www.listening-books.org.uk/ Listening Books].

In 2014, Rai received an honorary doctorate from [[De Montfort University]] in Leicester.<ref name="dmu">{{cite web|title=Summer Graduations - Saturday PM|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10154401366195377.1073741979.83533635376&type=3|website=[[Facebook]]|publisher=[[De Montfort University]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=dmu}}</ref>

==Awards==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award
|-
| 2002 || [[Angus Book Award]], for ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]''<ref name="angus">{{cite web|title=Archived: Angus Book Award Winners|url=http://www.booksfromscotland.com/Books/Award-Winning-Scottish-Books/Angus-Book-Award|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117170100/http://www.booksfromscotland.com/Books/Award-Winning-Scottish-Books/Angus-Book-Award|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2014|website=Books from Scotland|publisher=[[Wayback Machine]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=angus}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || Leicester Children's Book Award, for ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]''<ref name="lboty">{{cite web|title=Book of the Year 2006 – award ceremony|url=https://www.leicester.gov.uk/news/news-story-details/?nId=2774|website=[[Leicester City Council]]|publisher=[[Leicester City Council]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=lboty|archive-date=17 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117011828/https://www.leicester.gov.uk/news/news-story-details/?nId=2774|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || Stockport Schools' Book Award, for ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]''<ref name="stock">{{cite web|title=Archived: Winners From Previous Years|url=http://www.stockport.gov.uk/services/leisureculture/libraries/otherlibraryservices/stockportschoollibraryservice/sba/pastwinners/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928202900/http://www.stockport.gov.uk/services/leisureculture/libraries/otherlibraryservices/stockportschoollibraryservice/sba/pastwinners/|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 September 2011|website=[[Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council]]|publisher=[[Wayback Machine]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=stock}}</ref>
|-
| 2004 || Calderdale Book of the Year, for ''The Crew''<ref name="random" />
|-
| 2004 || Leicester Children's Book Award, for ''The Crew''<ref name="random" />
|-
| 2004 || North Lanarkshire Book Award, for ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]''<ref name="random" />
|-
| 2005 || [[International Board on Books for Young People |IBBY]] Sweden ''Silverstjärnor'' (Silver Star), for the Swedish translation of ''Rani and Sukh''<ref name="ibby">{{cite web|title=Tidigare mottagare av Silverstjärnor|url=http://ibby.se/priserutmarkelser/peter-pan-priset/tidigare-mottagare-av-silverstjarnorna/|website=[[International Board on Books for Young People|IBBY]] Sverige|publisher=[[International Board on Books for Young People]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=ibby}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || Redbridge Teenage Book Award, for ''Rani and Sukh''<ref name="redb">{{cite web|title=Redbridge Children's Book Awards|url=https://www.redbridge.gov.uk/libraries/redbridge-childrens-book-awards/|website=[[London Borough of Redbridge]]|publisher=[[London Borough of Redbridge]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=redb}}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || Renfrewshire Teenage Book Award, for ''Rani and Sukh''<ref name="random">{{cite web|title=Archived: Prizes & Awards|url=http://www.randomhousesites.co.uk/childrens/grownups/prizes/prizes.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430004916/http://www.randomhousesites.co.uk/childrens/grownups/prizes/prizes.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 April 2013|website=[[Random House|Kids at Random House]]|publisher=[[Wayback Machine]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=random}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || North East Teenage Book Award, for ''Killing Honour''<ref name="netba">{{cite web|title=And the winner is...|url=https://northeastteenagebookaward.wordpress.com/2012/01/29/and-the-winner-is-3/|website=North East Teenage Book Award|publisher=North East Teenage Book Award|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=netba}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Honorary doctorate from [[De Montfort University]], Leicester<ref name="dmu" />
|-
| 2015 || Leeds Book Award, for ''Web of Darkness''<ref name="leeds">{{cite web|title=Winners - Leeds Book Awards|url=https://www.leedsbookawards.co.uk/winners.php|website=Leeds Book Awards|publisher=[[Leeds City Council|Leeds Libraries]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=leeds}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Shropshire Teenage Book Award, for ''Web of Darkness''<ref name="shrop">{{cite web|title=Teenage Book Award 2015 to be launched on 23 September|url=http://shropshire.gov.uk/news/2015/09/teenage-book-award-2015-to-be-launched-on-23-september/|website=Shropshire Newsroom|publisher=[[Shropshire Council]]|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=shrop}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Southern Schools Book Award, for ''Web of Darkness''<ref name="ssba">{{cite web|title=Southern Schools Book Award 2015 Presentation Evening|url=http://southernschoolsbookaward.co.uk/2015-2/|website=Southern Schools Book Award|publisher=Southern Schools Book Award|accessdate=16 January 2018|ref=ssba|archive-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116193239/http://southernschoolsbookaward.co.uk/2015-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==Works==
* ''[[(Un)arranged Marriage]]'' (2001)
* ''The Crew'' (2003)
* ''What's Your Problem?'' (2003)
* ''Rani and Sukh'' (2004)
* ''The Whisper'' (2005)
* ''Dominoes and Other Stories'' (2005)
* ''The Last Taboo'' (2006)
* ''The Angel Collector'' (2007)
* ''City of Ghosts'' (2009)
* ''Killing Honour'' (2011)
* ''The Guru and The King'' (2012)
* ''Fire City'' (2012)
* ''Demon Hunter'' (2012)
* ''The Night Run'' (2014)
* ''Kiss of Death'' (2014)
* ''Web of Darkness'' (2014)
* ''Tales from India'' (2017)
* ''[[Doctor Who]]'': ''Rebellion on Treasure Island'' (2023)

===''Soccer Squad'' series===
* ''Starting Eleven'' (2008)
* ''Missing!'' (2008)
* ''Stars!'' (2008)
* ''Glory!'' (2008)

===''Tales from Devana High'' series===
* ''Concrete Chips'' (2004)
* ''Sold as Seen'' (2005)
* ''Jugglin' '' (2006)
* ''Trouble'' (2013)
* ''Secrets'' (2013)

===Barrington Stoke===
* ''Dream On'' (2002)
* ''Two Timer'' (2005)
* ''Revenge of the Number Two'' (2007)
* ''Are You Kidding?'' (2008)
* ''Them and Us'' (2009)
* ''The Gun'' (2011)
* ''Shivers'' (2013)
* ''Old Dog, New Tricks'' (2014)
* ''Game On'' (2015), sequel to ''Dream On''
* ''The Harder They Fall'' (2017)

===Non-fiction===
* ''Politics: Cutting Through the Crap'' (2006)

===Contributor===
Bali Rai has contributed short stories to a number of anthologies, including:
* ''Thirteen'' (2005)
* ''Losing It'', edited by Keith Gray (2010)
* ''How to be a Boy'', edited by [[Tony Bradman]] (2011)
* ''The Library Book'' (2012)
* ''Love Hurts'', edited by [[Malorie Blackman]] (2015)
* ''Here I Stand'', by [[Amnesty International]] (2017)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.balirai.co.uk Official website]
*[http://www.luithlenagency.com/rai.html Agent's website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Bali}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:English children's writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of London South Bank University]]

Avtar Lit

2023-10-03T06:14:50Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{Short description|British businessman (1950–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
'''Avtar Singh Lit''' (7 April 1950 – 27 June 2023) was a British businessman who was the owner and chairman of [[Sunrise Radio Group]]. He was listed by AIM magazine as one of the "20 most powerful [[British Asian|Asians in British media]]" in 2005, and was said to have amassed a big personal fortune.<ref name="asiansinmedia">{{cite web|url=http://www.asiansinmedia.org/top20/2005/14.php|publisher=asiansinmedia.org|title=asiansinmedia.org|accessdate=2017-02-24|archive-date=27 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427181319/http://www.asiansinmedia.org/top20/2005/14.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was declared bankrupt by the High Court in 2014, having lost five companies which went into administration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2113422|title = Avtar Lit | Bankruptcy Orders | the Gazette}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/avtar-lit-declared-bankrupt-by-high-court/|title = Avtar Lit declared bankrupt by High Court|date = 9 April 2014}}</ref>

==Political ambitions==
Avtar Lit stood unsuccessfully as an Independent candidate for the [[Ealing Southall (UK Parliament constituency)|Ealing Southall]] [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|parliament]]ary constituency in the [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001 General Election]], finishing third of nine candidates, with 12.3% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary election results: Ealing Southall 2001 |url=https://www.ealing.gov.uk/info/201277/parliamentary_elections/590/parliamentary_election_results/19 |website=[[Ealing Council]] |access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref> Sunrise Radio carried extracts from an interview with him in advance of this, contrary to section 90(2)(b) of the [[Broadcasting Act]] 1990; the Radio Authority (now [[Ofcom]]) fined Sunrise Radio £10,000. Avtar Lit's son, Surinderpal Singh Lit, commonly known as [[Tony Lit]], stood, also unsuccessfully, as a candidate in the [[2007 Ealing Southall by-election]] as the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] candidate, also finishing third.<ref name="ofcom">{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/rau/newsroom/news-release/01/pr073.htm|publisher=ofcom.org.uk|title=Regulator archives - Ofcom – Radio Authority fines Sunrise Radio £10,000 (press release) |date=16 September 2016|accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary election results: Ealing Southall 2007 |url=https://www.ealing.gov.uk/info/201277/parliamentary_elections/590/parliamentary_election_results/14 |website=[[Ealing Council]] |access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref>

==Controversy==
In 2011, it was reported in ''The Guardian'' that £160,000 donated by Sunrise Radio listeners in support of victims of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]] and [[2005 Kashmir earthquake]] was not spent on the victims as had been intended with the campaign, but "left dormant in a bank account for almost seven years", it being judged by the Charities Commission that although there was "no evidence to suggest that the funds were at risk of misapplication", the account's trustees "did not act appropriately", and had "failed to provide a sufficient satisfactory explanation or provide evidence to give reason for their delay". The money was subsequently given to two registered charities working in the affected areas. [[Virendra Sharma]], Labour MP for Ealing and Southall, demanded that an explanation be provided by the trustees. A spokesman for the [[Disasters Emergency Committee]], whilst supporting the trustees' "good intentions", observed that these were not enough and a "clear plan and procedures to ensure you will be able to spend the money you raise in a timely, effective and transparent fashion" were required in such circumstances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2011/oct/17/sunrise-radio-station-cash-disasters|title = Asian radio station left disaster relief cash in bank for seven years|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 17 October 2011}}</ref>

In 2007, Lit was embroiled in what [[Joan Ryan (politician)|Joan Ryan]], Labour MP and vice-chair, called "breathtaking and naked Tory opportunism" in the course of "[[David Cameron]]'s personal intervention to overrule local Tories and appoint a candidate"; ''The Guardian'' reported that Lit's son, Tony, Cameron's "star candidate" viewed as "a new type of Tory: young, successful, metropolitan" and who, it was hoped, would "deliver a blow to [[Gordon Brown]] by winning the contest", attended with his family a farewell dinner for [[Tony Blair]] at the cost of £4,800- spending an additional £4,000 in a bid for "a weekend trip to Atlanta, the highlight of which was two seats at a dinner with [[Hillary Clinton]]"- despite being announced as the Conservative candidate for the Ealing Southall by-election the next week. The Labour party released photographs of Lit and Blair, and made it known that the £4,000 bid had not been paid, questioning whether this was due to the fact that "the Lits wanted to avoid all this coming out in the run-up to the election".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/jul/15/uk.conservatives|title = The £4,800 cheque that tripped Cameron's man|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 14 July 2007}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Lit was born on 7 April 1950.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/QQROHdQ7grZ4gt-8_tefFX2SQIY/appointments|title=Avtar Singh LIT personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK}}</ref> He lived in [[Osterley]], in a house estimated to be worth £2.5 million-<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2113422|title = Avtar Lit | Bankruptcy Orders | the Gazette}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoopla.co.uk/property/354-jersey-road/osterley/isleworth/tw7-5pl/24723497|title = Property details for 354 Jersey Road Isleworth TW7 5PL - Zoopla}}</ref> sold in 2022 for £3,650,000-<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dbkestates.com/property-details/31896055/middlesex/osterley/jersey-road-2 | title=Jersey House, Jersey Road, Osterley, TW7, 7 bedroom, House - Detached }}</ref> and was a father of 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/jul/15/uk.conservatives|title = The £4,800 cheque that tripped Cameron's man|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 14 July 2007}}</ref>

Lit died on 27 June 2023, at the age of 73.<ref>[https://radiotoday.co.uk/2023/06/sunrise-radio-founder-and-chairman-avtar-lit-dies-aged-73/ Sunrise Radio founder and Chairman Avtar Lit dies aged 73]</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Avtar Lit, founder of Sunrise Radio, the world’s largest South Asian radio network – obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2023/07/08/avtar-lit-sunrise-radio-parliament-southall-obituary/ |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=8 July 2023}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lit, Avtar}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:English Sikhs]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Independent British political candidates]]
[[Category:People from Isleworth]]
[[Category:British radio executives]]
[[Category:British businesspeople of Indian descent]]

{{UK-business-bio-stub}}

Arshdeep Bains

2023-10-03T06:14:23Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Canadian English}} and {{Use mdy dates}}

{{short description|Canadian ice hockey player}}
{{Use Canadian English|date= October 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox ice hockey player
| name = Arshdeep Bains
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|1|9}}
| birth_place = [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]], [[British Columbia]], Canada
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 0
| weight_lb = 183
| position = [[Winger (ice hockey)|Left wing]]
| shoots = Left
| league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| team = [[Vancouver Canucks]]
| prospect_team = [[Abbotsford Canucks]]
| prospect_league = [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| former_teams =
| draft = Undrafted
| career_start = 2022
| career_end =
}}

'''Arshdeep Bains''' (born January 9, 2001) is a Canadian professional [[ice hockey]] [[Winger (ice hockey)|left winger]] playing for the [[Abbotsford Canucks]] in the [[American Hockey League]] (AHL) as a prospect to the [[Vancouver Canucks]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL).

==Early life==
Bains was born on January 9, 2001, in [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]], [[British Columbia]], Canada,<ref name="EP">{{cite web |title=Arshdeep Bains |url=https://www.eliteprospects.com/player/290353/arshdeep-bains |publisher=Elite Prospects |access-date=July 8, 2023}}</ref> to father Kuldip, an immigrant from India.<ref name="color">{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=William |title=Color of Hockey: Bains' path to Canucks inspiring South Asian community |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-arshdeep-bains-path-to-canucks-inspiring-south-asian-community/c-334054170 |publisher=National Hockey League |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=May 16, 2022}}</ref> He began playing ice hockey after playing mini-sticks and road hockey with his older brothers.<ref name="Faber">{{cite web |last1=Faber |first1=Chris |title=Hometown kid Arshdeep Bains chasing childhood dream |url=https://www.nhl.com/canucks/news/bains-chasing-childhood-dream/c-332293898 |publisher=National Hockey League |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=March 27, 2022}}</ref>

==Playing career==
===Amateur===
While growing up in Surrey, Bains began playing AAA ice hockey with the Burnaby Winter Club Bruins. In 2012, he was the top scorer in the Bell Capital Cup tournament as he led the team to a championship win.<ref>{{cite web |title=Skating with confidence |url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/skating-confidence |website=sikhnet.com |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=April 17, 2012}}</ref> He was also a member of the BC Junior Canucks that competed at the 2011 Brick Hockey Invitational Hockey Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=# 17 Arshdeep Bains |url=https://stats.pointstreak.com/playerpage.html?playerid=5052529&seasonid=7018 |website=pointstreak.com |access-date=July 8, 2023}}</ref> Following the Bruins, Bains enrolled at Delta Hockey Academy where he played on their U15 Prep team in the Canadian Sport School Hockey League.<ref name="Grewal">{{cite web |last1=Grewal |first1=Naina |title=Meet Canucks’ Newest Entry: Arshdeep Bains |url=https://www.darpanmagazine.com/people/sportspersons/meet-canucks-newest-entry-arshdeep-bains-1/ |publisher=Darpan Magazine |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=May 24, 2022}}</ref> After being passed over in the [[Western Hockey League]] (WHL) Draft, Bains was recruited to attend the [[Red Deer Rebels]] rookie camp.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Papke |first1=Carson |title=Bainses look to impress at Rebels camp |url=https://www.reddeeradvocate.com/sports/bainses-look-to-impress-at-rebels-camp/ |access-date=July 8, 2023 |publisher=Red Deer Advocate |date=August 29, 2016}}</ref> When he failed to make the team, Bains played one season with the Vancouver North East Chiefs U18 AAA team during the 2016–17 season.<ref name="EP"/> The following season, he again attended the Rebels training camp but was returned to the Valley West Hawks.<ref name="Beggs">{{cite news |last1=Beggs |first1=Trevor |title=Valley West Hawks lose top scorer ahead of international tournament |url=https://www.northdeltareporter.com/local-sports/valley-west-hawks-lose-top-scorer-ahead-of-international-tournament/ |access-date=July 8, 2023 |publisher=North Delta Reporter |date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> However, he was named to the Rebels' 50-player protected list in 2017 which allowed them to call him up to the WHL if needed.<ref name="Meachem">{{cite web |last1=Meachem |first1=Greg |title=After breakthrough 2019-20 WHL season, Bains remains as one of Rebels’ key forwards |url=https://reddeerrebels.com/article/after-breakthrough-2019-20-whl-season-bains-remains-as-one-of-rebels-key-forwards |publisher=Red Deer Rebels |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=October 28, 2021}}</ref> After accumulating 16 goals and 41 assists for 56 points through 22 games, Bains joined the Rebels for the remainder of the season.<ref name="Beggs"/><ref name="Sachdeva">{{cite web |last1=Sachdeva |first1=Sonny |title=Arshdeep Bains dreams of repping hometown Canucks: ‘I couldn’t even imagine’ |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/article/arshdeep-bains-dreams-of-repping-hometown-canucks-i-couldnt-even-imagine/ |publisher=Sportsnet |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=May 29, 2022}}</ref> Prior to joining the Rebels, Bains was recognized as the BCMML’s ‘Player of the Month’ for the month of November.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beggs |first1=Trevor |title=Surrey’s Arshdeep Bains name BCMML’s ‘Player of the Month’ |url=https://www.peacearchnews.com/sports/surreys-arshdeep-bains-name-bcmmls-player-of-the-month/ |access-date=July 8, 2023 |publisher=Peach Arch News |date=November 7, 2017}}</ref> He finished his rookie season with the Rebels with seven points through 40 games.<ref name="EP"/> Bains returned to the Rebels for the [[2018–19 OHL season|2018–19 season]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hackett |first1=Byron |title=Rebels young forwards must play big role this season |url=https://www.reddeeradvocate.com/sports/rebels-young-forwards-must-play-big-role-this-season/ |access-date=July 8, 2023 |publisher=Red Deer Advocate |date=September 20, 2018}}</ref> where he set new career-highs in goals, assists, and points.<ref name="EP"/>

Although the [[2019–20 OHL season|2019–20 season]] was shortened due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Bains broke numerous personal records by setting career highs in goals, assists, and points.<ref name="EP"/> After working to improve himself over the summer, Bains began receiving more responsibility on the ice as he also found chemistry with linemates Ben King and Chris Douglas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rebels winger Bains pushing forward in his second full WHL season |url=https://reddeerrebels.com/article/rebels-winger-bains-pushing-forward-in-his-second-full-whl-season |publisher=Red Deer Rebels |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=December 12, 2019}}</ref> He finished the season with 18 goals and 51 points through 63 games before the season was cancelled.<ref name="Meachem"/>

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bains and his Red Deer Rebels teammates lived in the Rebels’ home arena, the Westerner Park Centrium, for the entirety of the [[2020–21 OHL season|2020–21 season]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Greenizan |first1=Nick |title=Living at rink ‘a cool opportunity’ for Surrey’s Bains and WHL teammates |url=https://www.surreynowleader.com/sports/living-at-rink-a-cool-opportunity-for-surreys-bains-and-whl-teammates/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |publisher=Surrey-Now Leader |date=February 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230709011041/https://www.surreynowleader.com/sports/living-at-rink-a-cool-opportunity-for-surreys-bains-and-whl-teammates/ |archive-date=July 9, 2023}}</ref> In March 2021, Bains was named an alternate captain for the Rebels alongside King, Douglas, Josh Tarzwell, and Zak Smith.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grubbe named team captain |url=https://reddeerrebels.com/article/grubbe-named-team-captain |publisher=Red Deer Rebels |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>

In his final season with the Rebels, Bains broke out offensively and set career-highs in goals, assists, and points. Bains was the WHL Scoring Champion for the 2021-22 season, finishing the season with 43 goals and 69 assists, becoming the first player of [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] descent to win the [[Bob Clarke Trophy]].<ref name="clarketrophy">{{cite news|url=https://whl.ca/article/arshdeep-bains-becomes-first-player-of-south-asian-descent-to-win-bob-clarke-trophy-as-whl-scoring-champion|title=Arshdeep Bains becomes first player of South Asian descent to win Bob Clarke Trophy as WHL Scoring Champion|author=Western Hockey League|date=April 17, 2022|access-date=May 19, 2022}}</ref>

===Professional===
On March 11, 2022, Bains signed an entry-level contract with the [[Vancouver Canucks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Canucks sign WHL leading scorer Arshdeep Bains to entry-level deal |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/article/canucks-sign-whl-leading-scorer-arshdeep-bains-to-entry-level-deal/ |publisher=Sportsnet |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=March 11, 2022}}</ref> After participating in the Canucks' training camp and pre-season games, Bains was re-assigned to their [[American Hockey League]] affiliate, the [[Abbotsford Canucks]], for the [[2022–23 AHL season|2022–23 season]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Canucks Reduce 2022 Pre-Season Roster by 13 Players |url=https://www.nhl.com/canucks/news/canucks-reduce-2022-pre-season-roster-by-13-players/c-336059184 |publisher=National Hockey League |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=October 4, 2022}}</ref> He scored his first professional goal in his first career AHL game in Abbotsford’s season opener against the Ontario Reign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lypka |first1=Ben |title=Abbotsford Canucks fall 8-2 to Ontario Reign in season opener |url=https://www.abbynews.com/sports/abbotsford-canucks-fall-8-2-to-ontario-reign-in-season-opener/ |access-date=July 8, 2023 |publisher=Abby News |date=October 14, 2022}}</ref> Bains then quickly tallied 13 points in his first 24 games by January 3, 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bains feeling right at home in Abbotsford |url=https://theahl.com/bains-feeling-right-at-home-in-abbotsford |publisher=American Hockey League |access-date=July 8, 2023 |date=January 3, 2023}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em"
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
! colspan="5" | [[Regular season]]
! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
! colspan="5" | [[Playoffs]]
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! [[Season (sports)|Season]]
! Team
! League
! GP
! [[Goal (ice hockey)|G]]
! [[Assist (ice hockey)|A]]
! [[Point (ice hockey)|Pts]]
! [[Penalty (ice hockey)|PIM]]
! GP
! G
! A
! Pts
! PIM
|-
| [[2017–18 WHL season|2017–18]]
| [[Red Deer Rebels]]
| [[Western Hockey League|WHL]]
| 40
| 2
| 5
| 7
| 13
|5
|0
|0
|0
|4
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2018–19 WHL season|2018–19]]
| Red Deer Rebels
| WHL
| 63
| 6
| 12
| 18
| 37
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| [[2019–20 WHL season|2019–20]]
| Red Deer Rebels
| WHL
| 63
| 18
| 33
| 51
| 18
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2020–21 OHL season|2020–21]]
| Red Deer Rebels
| WHL
| 23
| 8
| 13
| 21
| 15
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
| [[2021–22 WHL season|2021–22]]
| Red Deer Rebels
| WHL
| 68
| 43
| 69
| 112
| 56
| 10
| 4
| 6
| 10
| 12
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2022–23 AHL season|2022–23]]
| [[Abbotsford Canucks]]
| [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| 66
| 13
| 25
| 38
| 28
| 6
| 2
| 1
| 3
| 4
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" |AHL totals
! 66 !! 13 !! 25 !! 38 !! 28
! 6 !! 2 !! 1 !! 3 !! 4
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{icehockeystats|elite = 290353|hockeydb=211213}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bains, Arshdeep}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Abbotsford Canucks players]]
[[Category:Canadian ice hockey left wingers]]
[[Category:Ice hockey people from Surrey, British Columbia]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Canadian sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Red Deer Rebels players]]

Apna Sangeet

2023-10-03T06:04:45Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags

{{short description|Musical band}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Apna Sangeet
| image =
| caption = World Number One
| image_size =
| alias =
| origin = [[Birmingham]], United Kingdom
| instrument =
| genre = [[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]]
| occupation =
| years_active = 1983 - current
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
| current_members = Sardara Gill, Kulwant Bhamra
| past_members = Sardara Gill, Gurcharan Mall, Kulwant Bhamra, Davinderpal Kalsi, Niki Patel, Arjinder Kang
}}

'''Apna Sangeet''' were a [[British Asian]] [[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]] band from [[Birmingham, England]].

The group was formed in 1984 by six Birmingham musicians. In contrast to the more western sounds of contemporary groups like [[DCS (band)|DCS]], they played a very traditional style of bhangra with a [[dhol]] player centre stage.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title = World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|last = Dorian|first = Frederick|last2 = Duane|first2 = Orla|last3 = McConnachie|first3 = James|publisher = Rough Guides|year = 1999|isbn = 1858286352|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo}}</ref> By 1991 they were platinum disc holders, and held the title of UK Asian Pop Award for Best Asian Band.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |title=Bhangra bonanza |work= Sandwell Evening Mail |date=4 October 1991 |access-date=10 November 2019 |url= https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002488/19911004/229/0026| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

By 1994, the group had released nine albums and sold more than 2,000,000 records, and were awarded Best Bhangra Band by Movie International Magazine.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Brum band hits top note|work=Sandwell Evening Mail |date=22 July 1994 |access-date=10 November 2019 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002488/19940722/218/0028 | via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

[[The Stage]] in 1995 described the group as a "superband...who are virtually unknown to non-Asians".<ref name=":3">{{cite news |title=Redefining the borders |work= The Stage |date=7 September 1995 |access-date=19 November 2019 |url= https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001637/19950907/099/0021 | via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In 2009, the band reunited for one charity show.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Bhangra superstars choose Sona Web |url=http://www.sonaweb.co.uk/blog/47-blog/71-blogbhangraapnasangeeet |access-date=5 October 2020 |work=www.sonaweb.co.uk |date=23 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=APNA SANGEET REUNION DINNER AND DANCE EVENING CHARITY FOR BRIDGE OF LOVE |url=https://punjab2000.com/apna-sangeet-reunion-dinner-and-dance-evening-charity-for-bridge-of-love/ |website=Punjab2000.com |access-date=5 October 2020 |date=31 March 2009}}</ref> They also reformed for the 2014 [[Vaisakhi]] celebrations in [[Trafalgar Square]], London, together with groups [[Heera Group UK|Heera]] and Premi.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Join the Mayor's Vaisakhi celebrations in Trafalgar Square |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/press-releases-6145 |website=London City Hall |access-date=5 October 2020 |date=1 May 2014}}</ref>

Apna Sangeet released a song in 2021 on the album Hope with Kiss Music.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1983 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Birmingham, West Midlands]]
[[Category:Bhangra (music) musical groups]]

Arjan Raikhy

2023-10-02T19:20:58Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use dmy dates}}

{{short description|English footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= October 2023}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Arjan Raikhy
| image =
| fullname = Arjan Singh Raikhy<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 October 2020|title=2020/21 Premier League squads confirmed|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/1869523|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020174721/https://www.premierleague.com/news/1869523 |archive-date=2020-10-20 |access-date=9 January 2020|website=Premier League Website}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|10|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Wolverhampton]], England
| height = 1.83 m
| position = [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]
| clubnumber = 47
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[West Bromwich Albion Academy|West Bromwich Albion]]
| youthyears2 = {{0|0000}}–2021
| youthclubs2 = [[Aston Villa Under-23s and Academy|Aston Villa]]
| years1 = 2021–2023
| clubs1 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2021–2022
| clubs2 = → [[Stockport County F.C.|Stockport County]] (loan)
| caps2 = 5
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2022
| clubs3 = → [[Grimsby Town F.C.|Grimsby Town]] (loan)
| caps3 = 7
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2023–
| clubs4 = [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 25 May 2022
| nationalteam-update =
}}
'''Arjan Singh Raikhy''' (born 20 October 2002) is a [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[midfielder]] for [[EFL Championship|Championship]] club [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]. He is a product of the Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion academies.

==Career==
===Youth football===
Raikhy played at [[West Bromwich Albion]] in his early teens, before switching to the nearby [[Aston Villa Academy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dean Smith sent 'special' demand after Jack Grealish watches Aston Villa youngsters dazzle |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-news-grealish-liverpool-20603588 |access-date=29 July 2021 |agency=[[Birmingham Mail]] |date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

Having played regularly for the under-18 side in the 2019–20 season, Raikhy featured for the Aston Villa U21 side in the [[EFL Trophy]] against [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]], losing 3–1.<ref>{{cite web |title=MATCH REPORT: United 3 - 1 Villa U21 |url=https://www.carlisleunited.co.uk/matches/fixtures/first-team/202021/november/carlisle-united-vs-aston-villa-u21-on-10-nov-20/ |website=[[Carlisle United F.C.]] |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

Having been a key player in Villa's Under-18 [[FA Youth Cup]] squad that season, on 24 May 2021, Raikhy was part of the side that defeated [[Liverpool F.C. Reserves and Academy|Liverpool U18]] 2–1 in the final.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Preece|first=Ashley|date=2021-05-24|title=Aston Villa vs Liverpool FA Youth Cup final LIVE updates|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/match-reports/aston-villa-youth-cup-liverpool-20666405|access-date=2021-05-24|website=BirminghamLive|language=en}}</ref>

===Aston Villa debut and loans===
Raikhy was named in the [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] starting line-up for his senior debut on 8 January 2021 in an [[FA Cup]] third-round tie against [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/news/2021/january/Villa-hand-senior-debuts-to-all-starting-XI/|title=Aston Villa name young and inexperienced side for their FA Cup third-round tie against Liverpool |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=www.avfc.co.uk |publisher=Aston Villa F.C.|date=8 January 2021}}</ref> On 7 July 2021, Raikhy was one of several young players who signed a new contract with Aston Villa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=7 July 2021|title=Young Lions sign new contracts|url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/news/2021/july/Young-Lions-sign-new-contracts/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-07|website=Aston Villa Football Club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707114602/https://www.avfc.co.uk/news/2021/july/Young-Lions-sign-new-contracts/ |archive-date=2021-07-07 }}</ref>

On 20 August, Raikhy joined [[National League (English football)|National League]] side [[Stockport County F.C.|Stockport County]] on a season-long loan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 August 2021|title=Raikhy joins Stockport County on loan|url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/news/2021/august/Raikhy-joins-Stockport-County-on-loan/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-20|website=Aston Villa Football Club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820131913/https://www.avfc.co.uk/news/2021/august/Raikhy-joins-Stockport-County-on-loan/ |archive-date=2021-08-20 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-20|title=Exciting midfielder joins County on loan|url=https://www.stockportcounty.com/exciting-midfielder-joins-county-on-loan/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=Stockport County|language=en-US}}</ref> He made his National League debut in a 1–0 victory over [[Southend United F.C.|Southend United]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Southend United 0-1 Stockport County|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58289765|access-date=2021-08-31}}</ref> He made eight appearances for Stockport, including one [[Player of the match|man of the match]] award, before being recalled to Aston Villa on 3 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-03|title=Midfielder returns to parent club|url=https://www.stockportcounty.com/midfielder-returns-to-parent-club/|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Stockport County|language=en-US}}</ref>

On 24 January 2022, Raikhy went on loan to the National League once again, this time joining [[Grimsby Town F.C.|Grimsby Town]] until the end of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-24|title=Mariners Secure Raikhy On Loan! - Grimsby Town Football Club|url=https://gtfc.co.uk/mariners-secure-raikhy-on-loan/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=gtfc.co.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> The following day, he made his Grimsby debut as a second-half substitute in a 1–0 defeat to [[Wrexham A.F.C.|Wrexham]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Wrexham debutant Palmer sinks Mariners|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60019019|access-date=2022-01-25}}</ref> On 5 June 2022, Raikhy played in the [[2022 National League play-off Final|National League play-off final]] at the [[London Stadium]] as Grimsby beat [[Solihull Moors F.C.|Solihull Moors]] in extra time to secure promotion back to the [[English Football League|Football League]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peddy |first=Chris |date=5 June 2022 |title=Grimsby beat Solihull Moors to seal EFL return |language=en-GB |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61628696 |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> This marked an unusual achievement, as both of the teams he had been at loan to in that National League season had been promoted.

On 16 June 2023, Raikhy was released by Aston Villa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League clubs publish 2022/23 retained lists |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/3537139 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.premierleague.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Leicester City ===
On 17 August 2023, Raikhy signed for [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dorsett |first=Rob |date=17 August 2023 |title=Arjan Raikhy: Punjabi wonderkid joins former Premier League champions Leicester after leaving Aston Villa |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11712/12941599/arjan-raikhy-punjabi-wonderkid-joins-former-premier-league-champions-leicester-after-leaving-aston-villa |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Raikhy is from a [[British Punjabi]] [[Sikh]]<ref>https://mobile.twitter.com/arjanraikhy20/status/1382419105937043460</ref> family, he was born in [[Wolverhampton]] and attended school in [[Telford]].<ref name="Background">{{cite web |title='Dad, he looks like me' - The Aston Villa teenager who blazed a trail against Liverpool |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-punjabi-villans-raikhy-19619712 |website=[[Birmingham Mail]] |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

==Career statistics==

===Club===
{{updated|19 September 2023}}<ref>{{Soccerway|arjan-raikhy/627167|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|[[FA Cup]]
!colspan="2"|[[EFL Cup]]
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
|[[2020–21 Aston Villa F.C. season|2020–21]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Premier League]]
|0||0||1||0||0||0||1{{efn|name=EFLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy]]}}||0||2||0
|-
|[[2021–22 Aston Villa F.C. season|2021–22]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[2022–23 Aston Villa F.C. season|2022–23]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||3{{efn|name=EFLT}}||0||3||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!0!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!4!!0!!5!!0
|-
|[[Stockport County F.C.|Stockport County]] (loan)
|[[2021–22 National League|2021–22]]
|[[National League (English football)|National League]]
|5||0||3||0||0||0||0||0||8||0
|-
|[[Grimsby Town F.C.|Grimsby Town]] (loan)
|[[2021–22 National League|2021–22]]
|National League
|7||0||0||0||0||0||2{{efn|name=NLP|Appearances in [[National League play-offs]]}}||0||9||0
|-
|[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]
|[[2023–24 Leicester City F.C. season|2023–24]]
|[[EFL Championship|Championship]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||1{{efn|name=EFLT}}||1||1||1
|-
! colspan="3" |'''Career total'''
!12!!0!!4!!0!!0!!0!!7!!1!!23!!1
|}
{{notelist}}

== Honours ==
'''Aston Villa U18'''
*[[FA Youth Cup]]: [[2020-21 FA Youth Cup|2020–21]]
'''Grimsby Town'''

* [[National League play-offs]]: [[2022 National League play-off Final|2022]]
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== See also ==
*[[List of Sikh Footballers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Raikhy, Arjan}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Aston Villa F.C. players]]
[[Category:British Asian footballers]]
[[Category:British sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English men's footballers]]
[[Category:English people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Grimsby Town F.C. players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National League (English football) players]]
[[Category:Stockport County F.C. players]]
[[Category:Leicester City F.C. players]]
[[Category:Footballers from Wolverhampton]]

Arjan Bhullar

2023-10-02T19:18:15Z

TimeStampBot: /* top */Dating maintenance tags: {{Use Canadian English}}, {{Use mdy dates}}

{{short description|Canadian mixed martial artist}}
{{Use Canadian English|date= {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}
{{Use mdy dates|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}
{{Infobox martial artist
| name = Arjan Bhullar
| other_names =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Arjan Singh Bhullar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|5|13}}
| birth_place = [[Richmond, British Columbia]], Canada
| nationality =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=1}}
| weight = {{convert|241|lb|kg st|0|abbr=on}}
| weight_class = [[Heavyweight (MMA)|Heavyweight]]
| reach = 76 in
| style = [[Wrestling]]
| fighting_out_of = [[Richmond, British Columbia]], Canada
| team = Checkmat Vancouver (formerly)<ref name=sn18 /> [[American Kickboxing Academy]] (2014–present)<ref name=sn18>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/mma/arjan-bhullar-using-ufc-spotlight-inspire-promote-positivity/|title=Arjan Bhullar using UFC spotlight to inspire, promote positivity|date=October 26, 2018|work=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref><ref name=mmaj21 /> WKX Vancouver<ref name=mmaj21>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sPEQop1mv0|title=Arjan Bhullar grateful for Daniel Cormier's praise after ONE Championship title win|date=May 20, 2021|via=YouTube|work=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}</ref>
| wrestling = [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic]] [[Freestyle Wrestling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/olympics/summer/2012/athletes/_/athlete/15240|title= 2012 Summer Olympics - Athletes|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] [[Collegiate wrestling|Wrestling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://static.souraiders.com/custompages/wrestling/Final%20Brackets%20-all%20in%20one.pdf|title= 2009 NAIA National Wrestling Championship|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref>
| stance = Orthodox
| years_active = 2014–present
| mma_kowin = 4
| mma_subwin =
| mma_decwin = 7
| mma_koloss = 1
| mma_subloss = 1
| mma_decloss =
| mma_draw =
| mma_nc =
| am_win = 1
| am_kowin =
| am_loss =
| university = [[Simon Fraser University]]
| url =
| sherdog = 175321
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport | Men's [[freestyle wrestling]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{CAN}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Delhi]]|[[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|120 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Pan American Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2007 Pan American Games|2007 Rio De Janeiro]]|[[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|120 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World University Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2006 World University Championships#Wrestling|2006 Ulanbataar]]|120 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|FILA Grand Prix of Germany}}
{{MedalGold|2012 Cologne|120 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|Pan American Olympic Qualification Tournament}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament|2012 Kissimmee]]|[[2012 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament#120 kg|120 kg]]}}
{{MedalCountry | the}} [[Simon Fraser Clan]]
{{MedalCompetition|[[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] National Championships}}
{{MedalGold|2009 Calgary|130 kg}}
{{MedalSport | [[Collegiate Wrestling]]}}
{{MedalCountry | [[Simon Fraser University|Simon Fraser]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[NAIA Men's Wrestling Championship|NAIA Wrestling Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2007 Sioux City|285 lb}}
{{MedalGold|2008 Sioux City|285 lb}}
{{MedalGold|2009 Oklahoma City|285 lb}}
}}

'''Arjan Singh Bhullar'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Arjan Bhullar Bio |url=https://www.arjanbhullar.com/bio/}}</ref> (born May 13, 1986) is a Canadian [[Mixed martial arts|mixed martial artist]] currently competing in the [[Heavyweight (MMA)|heavyweight]] division of [[ONE Championship]], where he is the former [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Champion]]. He has also competed in the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]].

Bhullar is also a former [[freestyle wrestler]] and [[Collegiate wrestling|American folkstyle wrestler]]. In freestyle, he was a [[U Sports|CIS]] national champion in 2009<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2023 |title=2009 CIS Wrestling Championship Results |url=https://universitysport.prestosports.com/championships/wrest/pastresults/09results |website=U Sports Wrestling Championships}}</ref> and represented Canada at the [[2007 World Wrestling Championships|2007]], [[2009 World Wrestling Championships|2009]], [[2010 World Wrestling Championships|2010]] and [[2011 World Wrestling Championships|2011]] [[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]], the [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Commonwealth Games]], the [[Wrestling at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007 Pan American Games]] and at the [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Summer Olympics]]. In folkstyle, Bhullar is a 2-time [[NAIA Wrestling Championship|NAIA Champion]].

==Wrestling career==

=== Early life and collegiate wrestling ===
Bhullar was born and raised in [[Vancouver, British Columbia]]. He started wrestling at a young age.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motivatecanada.ca/en/athletes-esteem/esteem-team-athletes-esteem-roster/87-vancouver-area/2133-arjan-bhullar|title=Arjan Bhullar - Wrestling|last=motivate-admin|website=www.motivatecanada.ca|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> As a [[Collegiate wrestling|collegiate wrestler]], he competed for the [[Simon Fraser Clan]] at [[Simon Fraser University]], a [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] university at the time. He had a successful career while wrestling at 285 pounds, placing third in 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrestlingusa.com/college/ewExternalFiles/2007%20NAIA%20Final%20Results.pdf|title=Lindenwood University (MO) Wins 2007 NAIA Wrestling National Championship}}</ref> and becoming champion in 2008 and 2009 at the [[NAIA Wrestling Championship]]s. He was also named Canada's Wrestler of the year and NAIA outstanding wrestler in 2009.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://intermatwrestle.com/articles/6652|title=Notre Dame wins first NAIA national title in wrestling|website=InterMat|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vancouversun.com/ARJAN+BHULLAR/6888217/story.html|title=ARJAN BHULLAR|last=Committee|first=Canadian Olympic|website=www.vancouversun.com|language=en-ca|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> At the 2009 CIS Championships, Bhullar became the first wrestler to ever win the [[NAIA Wrestling Championship|NAIA]] and CIS titles in the same year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.theopenmat.com/college-wrestling-news/bhullar-first-wrestler-to-win-both-naia-and-cis-championships/1549|title=Bhullar first wrestler to win both NAIA and CIS Championships|first=Jason|last=Bryant|date=June 7, 2009|website=The Open Mat|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref>

=== Freestyle career ===
For five years, Bhullar was a member of the Canadian National Team and was also the National Champion since 2008 to 2012 at 120 kilograms.<ref name="UFV, 2013">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufvcascades.ca/coaches-staff/arjan-bhullar/|title=Arjan Bhullar {{!}} UFV Cascades|last=UFV, 2013|first=Anthony Lepki, Marcom|language=en-CA|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> In 2006, Bhullar placed third at the World University Championships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fisu.net/medias/fichiers/2006_WUC_Wrestling_results.pdf|title=2006 WUC Wrestling Results|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> In [[Wrestling at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007]], he won a bronze medal at the [[Wrestling at the Pan American Games|Pan American Games]] and competed at the [[2007 World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]. He competed again at the [[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]] in [[2009 World Wrestling Championships|2009]] and [[2010 World Wrestling Championships|2010]], in the latter year he also won the championship at 120 kg of the [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onefc.com/features/top-5-north-american-collegiate-wrestlers-in-one-championship/|title=Top 5 North American Collegiate Wrestlers in ONE Championship {{!}} ONE Championship - Features|date=March 18, 2020|website=ONE Championship - The Home Of Martial Arts|language=en-US|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> In [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] he became the first Canadian wrestler with South Asian ethnicity to represent the National Freestyle Wrestling Team at the [[Wrestling at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]. He ended up placing 13th.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://olympic.ca/team-canada/arjan-bhullar/|title=Arjan Bhullar|date=October 25, 2011|website=Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website|language=en|access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref>

=== Coaching ===
Bhullar was one of the founding coaches of the [[UFV Cascades]] wrestling team at [[University of the Fraser Valley]].<ref name="UFV, 2013"/> He is also a member of his family's training center; Bhullar Wrestling Club.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.richmond-news.com/sports/bhullar-wrestling-producing-national-champions-1.23818449|title=Bhullar Wrestling producing national champions|last=Booth|first=Mark|website=Richmond News|date=May 10, 2019 |access-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref>

==Mixed martial arts career==
===Early career===
In August 2014, Bhullar had his first amateur fight as a mixed martial artist. He turned pro in November of that year fighting with the Battlefield Fight League.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://battlefieldfl.com/olympian-arjan-bhullar-makes-his-mma-debut-august-23rd-against-undefeated-heavyweight-josh-morgan/|title=Olympian Arjan Bhullar makes his MMA debut on August 23rd against undefeated heavyweight Josh Morgan -|work=battlefieldfl.com|date=July 23, 2014}}</ref> Over the next few years, Bhullar competed exclusively in his native Canada and remained undefeated with a record of six wins. Arjan won the vacant BFL Heavyweight Title with a victory over Blake Nash on October 17, 2015. He has defended the title twice.

===Ultimate Fighting Championship===
In May 2017, Bhullar signed with the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] becoming the first fighter of [[Indo-Canadian]] descent to sign with the company.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://vancouversun.com/sports/mma/richmonds-arjan-bhullar-ready-to-rock-the-ufc-as-its-first-indian-fighter| title = Richmond's Arjan Bhullar ready to rock the UFC as its first Indian fighter| website = vancouversun.com| access-date = August 3, 2017| date = May 28, 2017}}</ref>

Bhullar made his promotional debut at [[UFC 215]] on September 9, 2017, against [[Luis Henrique (fighter)|Luis Henrique]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2017/06/luis-henrique-olympian-arjan-bhullar-ufc-216-edmonton|title=Luis Henrique vs. Olympian Arjan Bhullar booked for UFC 216 in Edmonton|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Staff|date=June 8, 2017|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> He won the fight via unanimous decision.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2017/09/ufc-215-results-arjan-bhullar-starts-quick-survives-luis-henrique|title=UFC 215 results: Arjan Bhullar starts quick, survives late Luis Henrique charge|date=September 9, 2017|work=MMAjunkie|access-date=September 10, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

Bhullar's next fight was against [[Adam Wieczorek]] on April 14, 2018, at [[UFC on Fox 29]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2018/01/arjan-bhullar-ufc-heavyweight-bout-vs-adam-wieczorek|title=Arjan Bhullar announces UFC heavyweight bout vs. Adam Wieczorek|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Staff|date=January 9, 2018|access-date=January 9, 2018}}</ref> After controlling the first round with his wrestling, Bhullar would eventually get caught with an omoplata early in the second round, officially losing the fight via submission at 1:59 of round 2.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2018/04/ufc-on-fox-29-results-adam-wieczorek-struggles-early-then-taps-arjan-bhullar-with-rare-omo-plata|title=UFC on FOX 29 results: Adam Wieczorek struggles early, then taps Arjan Bhullar with rare omoplata|date=April 14, 2018|work=MMAjunkie|access-date=April 15, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

For his third fight with the promotion, Bhullar faced [[Marcelo Golm]] on October 27, 2018, at [[UFC Fight Night 138]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2018/07/arjan-bhullar-vs-marcelo-golm-heavyweight-bout-ufc-moncton|title=Arjan Bhullar says he's fighting Marcelo Golm at UFC Fight Night 138|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Staff|date=July 31, 2018|access-date=August 1, 2018}}</ref> He won the fight via unanimous decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-fight-night-138-moncton-fight-highlights-arjan-bhullar-vs-marcelo-golm|title=Arjan Bhullar Defeats Marcelo Golm (UFC Moncton Fight Highlights) {{!}} MMAWeekly.com|website=www.mmaweekly.com|language=en-US|access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref>

Bhullar next faced [[Juan Adams]] on May 4, 2019, at [[UFC Fight Night 151]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmamania.com/2019/2/20/18233251/ufc-ottawa-canada-official-may-4-espn-mma|title=UFC Ottawa official for May 4 on ESPN+|publisher=mmamania.com|author=Jesse Holland|date=February 20, 2019|access-date=February 20, 2019}}</ref> He won the fight by unanimous decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2019/05/04/ufc-ottawa-results-arjan-bhullar-edges-juan-adams/|title=UFC Ottawa Results: Arjan Bhullar Edges Out Juan Adams|last=Shillan|first=Keith|date=May 4, 2019|website=Cageside Press|language=en-US|access-date=May 5, 2019}}</ref> The fight marked the last fight of his prevailing contract with the UFC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2019/05/ufc-ottawa-arjan-bhullar-wants-to-retire-andrei-arlovski|title=Arjan Bhullar expects new contract after UFC on ESPN+ 9 win, plans on 'neutering' Andrei Arlovski|author=Mike Bohn|date=May 5, 2019|publisher=mmajunkie.com}}</ref>

===ONE Championship===
On July 3, 2019, it was announced that Bhullar signed a deal with Asia-based MMA promotion [[ONE Championship]], and was expected to make his promotional debut against Mauro Cerilli at [[2019 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Dawn Of Heroes|ONE Championship: Dawn of Heroes]] on August 2, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/platform/amp/2019/7/3/20681619/ufc-arjan-bhullar-signs-one-championship|title=Arjun Bhullar signs with ONE Championship|date=July 3, 2019|access-date=July 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-Veteran-Arjan-Bhullar-to-Clash-with-Mauro-Cerilli-at-One-Dawn-of-Heroes-157823|title=UFC Veteran Arjan Bhullar to Clash with Mauro Cerilli at One: Dawn of Heroes|author=Tudor Leonte|publisher=sherdog.com|date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> However, Cerilli pulled out of the bout due to staph infection and the fight was cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/8/2/20751327/arjan-bhullars-one-championship-debut-scrapped-hours-ahead-of-the-event|title=Arjan Bhullar's ONE Championship debut scrapped hours ahead of the event|last=Martin|first=Damon|date=August 2, 2019|website=MMA Fighting|access-date=August 3, 2019}}</ref> The fight eventually took place at [[2019 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Century|ONE Championship: Century]] on October 13, 2019, with Bhullar winning by unanimous decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/one-championship/arjan-bhullar-defeats-mauro-cerilli-in-one-debut/|title=Arjan Bhullar defeats Mauro Cerilli in ONE debut|date=October 13, 2019|website=bjpenn.com|author=Tom Taylor}}</ref>

====ONE Heavyweight World Champion====
On February 1, 2020, it was announced that Bhullar would be challenging [[Brandon Vera]] for the [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Championship]] at [[2020 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship|ONE Championship: Code of Honor]] on May 29, 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/brandon-vera-to-defend-heavyweight-title-against-arjan-bhullar-at-one-code-of-honor/|title=Brandon Vera to defend heavyweight title against Arjan Bhullar at ONE: 'Code of Honor'|website=Asian MMA|date=February 1, 2020|access-date=February 1, 2020}}</ref> but the fight was canceled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The bout was rebooked to take place at [[2021 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Dangal|ONE Championship: Dangal]] on May 15, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/brandon-vera-to-defend-heavyweight-title-against-arjan-bhullar-at-one-dangal/|title= Brandon Vera to defend heavyweight title against Arjan Bhullar at ONE: 'Dangal'|website=Asian MMA|date=April 29, 2021|access-date=April 29, 2021}}</ref> He defeated Vera via second-round technical knockout to win the ONE Heavyweight World Championship, becoming the first fighter of Canadian/Indian descent to win an MMA world title.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gasgonia |first=Denni |date=May 15, 2021 |title=MMA: Bhullar stops Vera, crowns self as new ONE heavyweight king |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/05/15/21/mma-bhullar-stops-vera-crowns-self-as-new-one-heavyweight-king |work=ABS-CBN News |access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/arjan-bhullar-stops-brandon-vera-claims-heavyweight-crown-at-one-dangal/|title= Arjan Bhullar stops Brandon Vera, claims heavyweight crown at ONE: 'Dangal'|website=Asian MMA|date=May 15, 2021|access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref>

After a contract dispute,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/martial-arts/mixed-martial-arts/article/3161194/one-championship-sets-interim-heavyweight|title=Exclusive &;vert ONE Championship sets up interim heavyweight title fight after Arjan Bhullar 'declines multiple offers' to defend belt |date=December 27, 2021|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|author=Nicolas Atkin}}</ref> Bhullar eventually signed a new contract with the organization<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/martial-arts/mixed-martial-arts/article/3166312/one-championship-arjan-bhullar-finally-agrees|title= ONE Championship: Arjan Bhullar finally agrees new deal; heavyweight title unification fight set for summer |date=February 9, 2022|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|author=Nicolas Atkin}}</ref> and was scheduled to face interim champion [[Anatoly Malykhin]] for the [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Championship]] unification bout at [[ONE 161]] on September 29, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 10, 2022 |title=Arjan Bhullar vs. Anatoly Malykhin heavyweight title unification bout set for ONE Championship 161 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/08/arjan-bhullar-vs-anatoly-malykhin-one-championship-161-heavyweight-title-unification-bout |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> However, Bhullar withdrew due to an injury in training, It was announced that Bhullar had surgery on the arm two weeks prior and the bout was cancelled.<ref name="ONE161">{{Cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/one-championship-announces-heavyweight-kickboxing-grand-prix/|title=ONE Championship announces heavyweight kickboxing Grand Prix|publisher=AsianMMA|date=August 29, 2022|access-date=September 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asianmma.com/arjan-bhullar-has-arm-surgery/|title=Arjan Bhullar has arm surgery!|publisher=AsianMMA|date=August 30, 2022|access-date=September 4, 2022}}</ref> The bout was rescheduled for March 25, 2023, at [[ONE Fight Night 8]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/martial-arts/mixed-martial-arts/article/3205911/one-championship-anatoly-malykhin-challenging-arjan-bhullar-heavyweight-title-fight-night-8-main|title=ONE Championship: Anatoly Malykhin challenging Arjan Bhullar for heavyweight title in Fight Night 8 main event, source says|website=South China Morning Post|author=Nicolas Atkin|date=January 6, 2023|access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref> In turn, the bout was removed from the event due to a shift in broadcaster commitments and the bout will be rescheduled again to a later date.<ref name="Update">{{Cite web|url=https://www.onefc.com/news/one-fight-night-8-gets-new-main-event-bhullar-vs-malykhin-rescheduled/|title=ONE Fight Night 8 gets new main event, Bhullar vs. Malykhin rescheduled|website=ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts|date=March 15, 2023|access-date=March 15, 2023}}</ref> The bout was scheduled on July 15, 2023, at [[ONE Fight Night 12]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Damon |date=April 10, 2023 |title=Arjan Bhullar vs. Anatoly Malykhin in ONE heavyweight title unification bout rescheduled for July 14 |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2023/4/10/23677840/arjan-bhullar-vs-anatoly-malykhin-in-one-heavyweight-title-unification-bout-rescheduled-for-july-15 |access-date=May 17, 2023 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en-US}}</ref> However, for unknown reasons, the bout was moved to [[ONE Friday Fights 22]] on June 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frazer |first=Ben |date=May 19, 2023 |title=Arjan Bhullar vs. Anatoly Malykhin Heavyweight world title unification match rescheduled for ONE Friday Fights 22
|url=https://www.onefc.com/news/arjan-bhullar-vs-anatoly-malykhin-heavyweight-world-title-unification-match-rescheduled-for-one-friday-fights-22/
|website=ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts |access-date=May 19, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> Bhullar lost the bout and the title via TKO in the third round.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=June 23, 2023 |title=Anatoly Malykhin Overwhelms Arjan Bhullar to Unify Heavyweight Title at ONE Friday Fights 22 |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/06/23/arjan-bhuller-anatoly-malykhin-one-friday-fights-22/ |access-date=June 25, 2023 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Bhullar is of [[Indo-Canadians|Indian]] [[Punjabi Canadians|Punjabi]] [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/b59b727a-61ab-442a-ae63-2922759c763c| title=Sikh UFC fighter Arjan Bhullar will wear a turban at this weekend's UFC event|website=bbc.co.uk| date=April 13, 2018}}</ref>

Through his MMA career, Bhullar has developed a friendship with fellow [[Indo-Canadians|Indo-Canadian]] and former [[WWE Championship|WWE champion]] [[Jinder Mahal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=James |last2=Sapp |first2=Sean Ross |title=Exclusive: UFC's Arjan Bhullar Talks Friendship With Jinder Mahal, Possible Move To WWE, Upcoming Fight {{!}} Fightful News |url=https://www.fightful.com/mma/exclusives/exclusive-ufc-s-arjan-bhullar-talks-friendship-jinder-mahal-possible-move-wwe-upcoming-fight |access-date=January 13, 2020 |work=www.fightful.com |date=April 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Championships and achievements==

===Mixed martial arts===
*'''[[ONE Championship]]'''
**[[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight World Championship]] (one time)
*'''Battlefield Fight League'''
**BFL Heavyweight Championship (one time)

=== Freestyle wrestling ===

* '''[[United World Wrestling]]'''
** 2012 Germany Grand Prix Gold Medalist
** [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualification|2012 Pan American Olympic Qualification Tournament]] Gold Medalist
** [[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg|2010 Commonwealth Games]] Gold Medalist
** [[Wrestling at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007 Pan American Games]] Bronze Medalist
** 2006 World University Championships Bronze Medalist
** 2005 World Junior Championships - 5th place
** 2004 Pan American Championships Gold Medalist
* '''Wrestling Canada Lutte'''
** 2012 Canadian Olympic Team Member
** 2012 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2011 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2011 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2010 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2010 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2009 Canadian Senior Wrestler of the Year
** 2009 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2009 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2008 Canadian Senior National Champion
** 2007 Canadian Senior World Team Member
** 2006 Canadian Junior National Champion
** 2006 Canadian Junior World Team Member
** 2005 Canadian Junior National Champion
** 2005 Canadian Junior World Team Member

* '''[[Canadian Interuniversity Sport]]'''
**[[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] 130 kg National Champion out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2009)

===Collegiate wrestling===
* '''[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics]]'''
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] Outstanding Wrestler (2009)
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] 285 lb National Champion out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2009)
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] 285 lb National Champion out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2008)
**[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]] 285 lb National 3rd Place out of [[Simon Fraser University]] (2007)

==Mixed martial arts record==
{{MMArecordbox
|ko-wins=4
|ko-losses=1
|sub-wins=0
|sub-losses=1
|dec-wins=7
|dec-losses=0
|nc=
}}
{{MMA record start}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|11–2
|[[Anatoly Malykhin]]
|TKO (punches)
|[[ONE Friday Fights 22]]
|{{dts|2023|June|23|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:42
|[[Bangkok]], Thailand
|{{small|Lost the [[ONE Heavyweight Championship]].}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|11–1
| [[Brandon Vera]]
|TKO (punches)
|[[2021 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Dangal|ONE: Dangal]]
|{{dts|2021|April|28|format=mdy}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:27
|[[Kallang]], Singapore
|{{small|Won the [[List of ONE Championship champions#Heavyweight World Championship|ONE Heavyweight Championship]].}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|10–1
|Mauro Cerilli
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[2019 in ONE Championship#ONE Championship: Century|ONE: Century Part 2]]
|{{dts|2019|October|13|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Tokyo]], Japan
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|9–1
|[[Juan Adams]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Iaquinta vs. Cowboy]]
|{{dts|2019|May|4|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Ottawa, Ontario]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|8–1
|[[Marcelo Golm]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Volkan vs. Smith]]
|{{dts|2018|October|27|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Moncton, New Brunswick]], Canada
|
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|7–1
|[[Adam Wieczorek]]
|Submission (omoplata)
|[[UFC on Fox: Poirier vs. Gaethje]]
|{{dts|2018|April|14|format=mdy}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:59
|[[Glendale, Arizona]], United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 7–0
|[[Luis Henrique (fighter)|Luis Henrique]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC 215]]
|{{dts|2017|September|9|format=mdy}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Edmonton, Alberta]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 6–0
|Joe Yager
|Decision (unanimous)
|Battlefield Fight League 48
|April 29, 2017
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 5–0
|Chris Catala
|TKO (punches)
|Hard Knocks 51
|October 14, 2016
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:29
|[[Calgary, Alberta]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 4–0
|Ryan Pokryfky
|Decision (unanimous)
|Battlefield Fight League 45
|September 17, 2016
|align=center|5
|align=center|5:00
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|{{small|Defended the BFL Heavyweight Championship.}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 3–0
|Blake Nash
|TKO (doctor stoppage)
|Battlefield Fight League 39
|October 17, 2015
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|{{small|Won the vacant BFL Heavyweight Championship.}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 2–0
|Jon-Taine Hall
|Decision (unanimous)
|Hard Knocks 44
|June 28, 2015
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Calgary, Alberta]], Canada
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center| 1–0
|Adam Santos
|TKO (punches)
|Battlefield Fight League 33
|November 7, 2014
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:22
|[[Coquitlam, British Columbia]], Canada
|
{{end}}
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Arjan-Singh-Bhullar-175321|title=Arjan Singh Bhullar MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography - Sherdog.com|last=Sherdog.com|website=Sherdog|access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of current ONE fighters]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}
* {{Sherdog|175321}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130416155358/http://www.wrestling.ca:80/athletes/Bhullar_12.php Wrestling Canada profile]

{{ONE Heavyweight Championship}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhullar, Arjan}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Canadian male mixed martial artists]]
[[Category:Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling]]
[[Category:Mixed martial artists utilizing freestyle wrestling]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2007 Pan American Games]]
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[[Category:Canadian male sport wrestlers]]
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[[Category:Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games]]
[[Category:ONE Championship champions]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:University of the Fraser Valley people]]
[[Category:ONE Championship mixed martial artists]]
[[Category:Simon Fraser Red Leafs men's wrestlers]]
[[Category:Simon Fraser University alumni]]