Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Bhanupli–Leh line

2026-05-04T17:32:18Z

TimDuncan875676: started data.

{{Short description|Proposed high elevation railway track in Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Bhanupli–Leh line
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width = 100px
| logo_alt = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| type =
| system =
| status = * Final Location Survey & DPR completed
* Land acquisition in progress
* Bhanupli-Bilaspur section under construction
| locale = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Ladakh]], [[India]]
| start = Bhanupli, Punjab<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/timeline/edits-bhanupli-bnly/7819 | title=Bhanupli Railway Station Timeline - Railway Enquiry }}</ref>
| end = [[Leh]], [[Ladakh]]
| stations =
| routes = Bhanupli–[[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]–[[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Sundernagar]]–[[Kullu]]–[[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]–[[Keylong]]–[[Leh]]
| linelength_km = 489
| linelength_mi =
| linelength =
| tracklength_km = 489
| tracklength_mi =
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
| old_gauge =
| load_gauge =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation = {{convert|5359|m|ft|abbr=on}} at [[Taglang La]]
| electrification = In Progress
| website = http://www.indianrailways.gov.in
| map = {{Bhanupli–Leh line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Bhanupli–Leh line''', including {{convert|63.1|km|mi|abbr=on}} long Bhanupli-Barmana (Bilaspur) link<ref name="p3" /> and the {{convert|489|km|mi|abbr=on}} long Bilaspur-Manali-Leh link,<ref name="abn1">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-29 |title=New Rail Lines for Leh-Pathankot, Leh-Kargil-Srinagar Shelved Due to Low Traffic Projections |url=https://www.news18.com/india/new-rail-lines-for-leh-pathankot-leh-kargil-srinagar-shelved-due-to-low-traffic-projections-railways-8448973.html |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=bilr1/> is an under-construction {{convert|552.1|km|mi|abbr=on}} long {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}} wide [[Broad-gauge railway|broad-gauge]] all-weather [[Railway electrification|electrified railway track]] connecting Bhanupli in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhanupli Railway Station Timeline - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/timeline/edits-bhanupli-bnly/7819}}</ref> to [[Leh]] in [[Ladakh]].<ref name="p3" /><ref name="nvonews1">{{cite web |date=2009-09-19 |title=Himachal: Railways Awards Bhanupali-Bilaspur Railway Line Project |url=http://nvonews.com/2009/09/19/himachal-railways-awards-bhanupali-bilaspur-railway-line-project/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407105525/http://nvonews.com/2009/09/19/himachal-railways-awards-bhanupali-bilaspur-railway-line-project/ |archive-date=7 April 2012 |access-date=2012-04-02 |publisher=Nvonews.com |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="visitladakh1">{{cite web |title=Rail link to Leh: Centre seeks Plan panel nod. |url=http://www.visitladakh.com/news/142-rail-link-to-leh-centre-seeks-plan-panel-nod.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312152126/http://www.visitladakh.com/news/142-rail-link-to-leh-centre-seeks-plan-panel-nod.html |archive-date=12 March 2012 |access-date=2012-04-02 |publisher=visitladakh.com |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Passing through [[Earthquake zones of India|seismic zone IV and V]] at an elevation of {{Convert|600|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{Convert|5,360|m|ft|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]], this geostrategically important track will reduce travel time from [[New Delhi]] to Leh to 10 hours,<ref name=abn1/><ref name=bilr1>{{cite news |title=Leh? Soon, It'll Be Just a Train Ride Away |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/travelnews/story/69101/the-worlds-highest-railway-line-will-connect-delhi-to-leh-in-10-hours |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101032353/https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/travelnews/story/69101/the-worlds-highest-railway-line-will-connect-delhi-to-leh-in-10-hours |archive-date=1 November 2018 |access-date=31 October 2018 |newspaper=Outlook Traveller}}</ref> which takes 25–40 hours by road.

== Significance ==
{{anchor | Details | Features | Significance }}

The Bhanupali–Leh line (also referred to as the Bilaspur–Manali–Leh line) is a high-altitude, strategic railway project currently under construction in [[India]]. Upon completion, it will connect the plains of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the union territory of [[Ladakh]]. The line is widely regarded as one of the most challenging engineering feats in the history of global rail transport due to its extreme topography and high-altitude logistics.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=S. |title=Bhanupali-Leh Rail Project: A feat of engineering at world's highest peaks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com |work=The Times of India |date=2023-06-12}}</ref> After the [[Jammu–Baramulla line]], the Bhanupli–Leh line will be the most challenging railway project in [[Indian Railways]] due to high mountains, a large number of tunnels, high bridges, and severe cold weather.<ref name=abn1/>

===Geostrategic===
[[File:Indian K9 SPH at Ladakh during Indo-China Clashes .jpg|thumb|Indian [[K9 Thunder|Howitzer K9]] self-propelled artillery at Ladakh during [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes]].]]

* [[National_Security_Council_(India)#Strategic_Policy_Group|National security]]: The line's primary significance lies in its strategic utility for the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. Ladakh shares sensitive borders with both [[China]] and [[Pakistan]], and the current road access via the [[Leh–Manali Highway]] and [[Srinagar–Leh Highway]] is frequently blocked for six months a year due to heavy snowfall at passes like [[Rohtang Pass|Rohtang]] and [[Zoji La]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Strategic Rail Link to Leh: Why it matters for India's border security |url=https://www.ndtv.com |work=NDTV |date=2024-01-05}}</ref>

* [[Army Service Corps (India)|Indian military logistics]]: Five stations along the route - in Lahaul in Himachal; and [[Karu, Ladakh|Karu]], Leh, and Sesharthang in Ladakh - feature specialized [[Circle route|railway loop lines]] designed for military troop and equipment movement.<ref>{{cite press release |agency=Press Information Bureau |title=Strategic Railway Lines in Border Areas |url=https://pib.gov.in |date=2022-12-14}}</ref><ref name=p3/>

* [[Tourism_in_Ladakh#Tourist_roads|All-Weather connectivity]]: The rail link is designed to provide year-round logistics support, enabling the rapid deployment of troops and heavy equipment to the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) regardless of weather conditions.

===Socioeconomic===
[[File:The_9_Stupas.jpg|thumb|9 Stupas at [[Thikse Monastery]].]]

Beyond its military utility, the line is expected to transform the economy of the [[Lahaul and Spiti district]] and Ladakh:

* [[Tourism_in_Ladakh|Tourism expansion]]: By providing a safer and more reliable alternative to the treacherous mountain roads, the railway is expected to significantly increase tourist arrivals to [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]], [[Keylong]], and [[Leh]].

* Agricultural access: Local farmers in the Lahaul and Indus valleys will gain direct access to mainland Indian markets for the export of high-value crops like apples, apricots, and buckwheat.<ref>{{cite news |title=Economic windfall expected for Ladakh with Bhanupali-Leh rail link |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com |work=The Tribune |date=2025-05-10}}</ref>

* Price stability: All-weather connectivity will help stabilize the prices of essential commodities in Ladakh, which currently skyrocket during the winter months due to the "landlocked" nature of the region.

===Engineering===
[[File:Kashmir_top.jpg|thumb|The rail line passes through (western part of the picture) [[Geology of the Himalayas|geologically-fragile]] high-altitude [[Alpine climate|alpine]] terrain.]]
[[File:Tanglanglapass.jpg|thumb|[[Taglang La]], and [[List of mountain passes of India|many other high-altitude mountain passes]] enroute this line offer several engineering challenges.]]

The project is set to break several global engineering records:

* [[List of highest railways|World's highest railway]]: The station at Tengla (near [[Taglang La]]) is projected to be the highest in the world at an altitude of approximately 5,359 metres (17,582 ft), surpassing the current record held by the [[Tanggula railway station]] in [[Tibet]].<ref>{{cite news |title=India's Leh rail link to be higher than China's Qinghai-Tibet Railway |url=https://www.livemint.com |work=Mint |date=2023-08-19}}</ref>

* [[Underground construction|Subterranean infrastructure]]: Approximately 50% of the 489 km route will be underground. This includes Keylong railway station, which is designed to be India's first station built entirely inside a tunnel.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=A. |title=Keylong to get India's first station inside a tunnel |url=https://indianexpress.com |work=The Indian Express |date=2021-03-22}}</ref>

* Tunnels and [[viaduct]]s: The line includes 27 km of continuous tunneling and numerous high-altitude viaducts to bridge deep Himalayan gorges.

* Environmental and geological challenges: The project faces scrutiny regarding its environmental footprint in the fragile [[Himalayas]]. The route passes through high-seismic zones and areas prone to [[flash flood]]s and [[landslide]]s. Construction requires advanced seismic bracing and specialized drainage systems to mitigate the risk of tunnel collapses.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krishnan |first1=M. |title=The Environmental Cost of Himalayan Infrastructure |url=https://www.thehindu.com |work=The Hindu |date=2024-02-14}}</ref>

== Details ==

===Route===

The project has 42 new stations, including 5 between Bhaupali to Barmana (Bilaspur) and 37 stations from Bilaspur to Leh and Sarthang.<ref name="p2"/><ref name=featup1/>

* Punjab
** [[Rupnagar district]]
*** Bhanupali (existing station)<ref name="p2"/> (300m) of [[Ambala City railway station|Ambala]]-[[Sirhind railway station|Sirhind]]-[[Una Himachal railway station|Una]] rail line connects this line to the vast mainland [[Indian Railways|Indian railway network]].<ref name="p3" />
*** Thural<ref name="p2"/> (650m)

[[File:Sagarview.jpg|thumb|[[Gobind Sagar]] Reservoir in Bilaspur formed by the [[Bhakra Dam]] on the [[Sutlej]] river.]]
* [[Himachal Pradesh]]
** [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]]
*** [[Dharot]]<ref name="p2"/> (660m)
*** [[Jagatkhana]]<ref name="p2"/> (685m)
*** [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]<ref name="p2"/> (670m), the town is near the [[Gobind Sagar]] Reservoir.

*** [[Barmana]]<ref name="p2"/> (~620m)

** [[Mandi district]]
[[File:Sundar Nagar Lake.jpg|thumb|Sundar Nagar Lake at Sundar Nagar as part of the [[Beas River|Beas]]-Sutlej River Link project.]]
*** [[Sundar Nagar]] (~1,174m)<ref name=featup1/>, literally means "Beautiful Town" famous for the Sundar Nagar Lake.

*** [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]<ref name=featup1/> (~754m), line descends into the valley here before the major ascent. Mandi, on the banks of the Beas River, is also called the "''[[Varanasi]]'' of the Hills" due to its 81 ancient stone temples most of which are dedicated to Lord [[Shiva]] and hosts the world-famous week-long [[Mandi Shivaratri Fair|Mandi International Shivratri Fair]] where over 200 deities from surrounding valleys are brought to the town in grand processions.

*** [[Pandoh]] (~860m), home of touristic scenic green [[Pandoh Dam]] nestled between steep hills on the Beas River that diverts water to the Sutlej River for power generation.

*** [[Aut, Mandi|Aut]] (~900m), famous for the nearly 3 km long Aut Road Tunnel and acts as the critical gateway where travelers branch off to the serene [[Tirthan Wildlife Sanctuary|Tirthan Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]] and the [[Great Himalayan National Park]] (GHNP).

[[File:Kheerganga, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|thumb|[[Khirganga National Park]] with the thrillingly bautiful [[hairpin turn]] road in the [[Parvati River (Himachal Pradesh)|Parvati River Valley]] near Kullu in Himachal Pradesh.]]
*** [[Bhuntar]] (~1,219m), serves [[Kullu]] as the site of the [[Kullu-Manali Airport]], is also the confluence of [[Parvati River (Himachal Pradesh)|Parvati]] and Beas rivers. Bhuntar is the gateway to the touristic [[Parvati Valley]] which nestles the [[Kasol]], [[Manikaran]], and [[Khirganga National Park]].

*** [[Naggar, Himachal Pradesh|Naggar]] (~1,760m), famous for the [[Nicholas Roerich]] Art Gallery (of the famous Russian painter and explorer who lived here) and the [[Naggar Castle]] (a stunning example of regional wood-and-stone [[Kath kuni architecture]]) which served as the capital of the [[Early_history_of_Himachal_Pradesh|Kuluta Kingdom]] for centuries.

** [[Lahaul and Spiti district]]
*** [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]<ref name=featup1/> (~2,050m), the popular [[hill station]] and tourism hub famous for the 16th-century [[Hidimba Devi Temple|Hidimba Devi Cave Temple]], [[Solang Valley]], and as the [[Tourism_in_Himachal_Pradesh#Adventure_tourism|Adventure Capital]] for skiing, paragliding, and rafting.

*** [[Rohtang Pass]] Halt (~3,100m), famous for the road [[Atal Tunnel]].

[[File:Koksar_Himachal_Pradesh.jpg|thumb|[[Koksar]], floating in the clouds, on the [[Chenab River|Chandra River]] in Himachal Pradesh.]]
*** [[Koksar]]<ref name=featup1/> (~3,140m), historically famous as the coldest inhabited place in Lahaul as an ancient trade stop on the route to Tibet.

*** [[Sissu]] (~3,120m), with loop line siding for military logistics,<ref name=p3/> Famous for the [[Sissu Falls|Sissu Waterfall]] (locally called ''Palden Lhamo'') which is photographer's favorite in autumn due to the bright gold hues.

*** [[Tandi]] (~2,850m), sacred [[confluence]] (''sangam'') of "Chandra" (daughter of the Moon) and "Bhaga" (son of the Sun) rivers which met here to perform their eternal marriage to form the [[Chenab River]].

[[File:View from Shashur Monastery , Keylong.jpg|thumb|View of the [[Chenab River|Bhaga Valley]] and hairpin turn road from the [[Shashur Monastery]] in Keylong.]]
*** [[Keylong]] (underground station)<ref name=featup1/> (~3,000m), India's first underground station built inside a tunnel, famous for [[Kardang Monastery]].

*** [[Jispa]] (~3,200m), a riverside retreat famous for its stunning location right on the banks of the Bhaga River.

*** [[Darcha]]<ref name=featup1/> (~3,360m), the starting point for the famous [[Chadar trek]] and the [[Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road]] fork from NH3.

[[File:Baralacha La towards Leh Jul19 D72 10848.jpg|thumb|The [[Alpine_tundra|alpine]] view from the [[Bara-lacha la|Baralacha La]] towards Leh.]]
*** [[Bara-lacha la]] (~4,890m), the rail line in Himachal Pradesh from here starts to ascend in the following section climbing through the [[Great Himalayas]] range and [[Transhimalaya]]'s [[Zanskar range]] toward the Ladakh border. This pass is the source of both the Chandra and Bhaga rivers.

*** [[Sarchu]] (~4,290m), famous as the border point between Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh, is a desolate windswept plateau filled with tourist tent camps with freezing night temperatures.

* Ladakh
** [[Leh district]]

[[File:Lachulungla.JPG|thumb|Lungalacha La with dramatic yellowish-golden hued and [[Geological formation|needle-like jagged]] pillar [[List of rock formations|rock formations]].]]
*** [[Lungalacha La]] (~5,060m, also called Lachalungla), a mountain pass just north of Himachal-Ladakh border famous for its dramatic yellowish-golden hue and needle-like jagged rock pillar formations (unlike the grey and brown peaks elsewhere) offering the "Double Pass Challenge" (second of the twin-passes along with Nakee La) with thin air as the first place where travelers from Manali to Leh feel the true effects of [[Altitude sickness|Acute Mountain Sickness]] (AMS) due to the rapid ascent from Sarchu.

[[File:Desert_View_Near_Pang_Ladakh-5.jpg|thumb|Pang with [[Selenography|moon-like desert]] landscape.]]
*** [[Pang, Ladakh|Pang]] (~4,600m), gateway to the high-altitude [[More plains]] desert plateau with moonscape.

*** [[Debring]] (~4,570m), with loop line siding for military logistics,<ref name=p3/> is gateway to the stunning [[Tso Kar]] (White Lake) famous for its [[Salt Valley]] and rare birdlife like the [[Black-necked crane]].

*** [[Taglang La]] (also called "Tengla", 5,359 metres), will have Tengla Railway Station, which will be world's highest railway station.<ref name=tengla1>[https://news24online.com/photos/india/worlds-highest-railway-station-to-be-built-in-india-project-near-china-border-draws-attention-its-name-is-770317/worlds-highest-railway-station-7703174/ World’s highest railway station to be built in India, Project near China border draws attention, its name is...], News24, 9 Mar 2026.</ref> the line crosses the pass and starts descending toward the [[Indus River|Indus River Valley]] and Leh. It has about 50% of the oxygen found at sea level.

*** [[Rumtse]] (~4,260m), the home of nomadic [[Changpa]] people and wildlife (Tibetan Wild Ass [[Kiang]] and [[Snow leopard]]) is famous for 108 white-washed [[stupa]]s with barren reddish mountains as backdrop, and also serves as the base and starting point for the famous Rumtse to [[Tso Moriri]] trek in [[Rupshu]] plateau with dramatic "moonscape" scenery.

[[File:Upshi_(village).jpg|thumb|Upshi road junction along the Indus river.]]
*** [[Upshi]]<ref name=featup1/> (~3,380m), the line enters into the Indus Valley and turns left to run along the Indus River. It is the critical point where the [[Leh–Manali Highway]] ([[National Highway 3 (India)|NH3]]) meets the roads leading to the remote eastern regions of Tso Moriri and [[Mudh-Nyoma Air Force Station]]-[[Hanle (village)|Hanle]]-[[Nyoma]]-[[Demchok, Ladakh|Demchok]] sector. Historically, a major stop on the old trade route between Leh and Tibet, it today a popular spot for bikers and travelers to refuel and acclimatize.

*** [[Karu, Ladakh|Karu]] (~3,450m), Chang-Karu with loop line sliding for military logistics.<ref name=p3/><ref name=featup1/> Karu is transit Hub for [[Pangong Tso]] in the north via [[Chang La]] Pass by turning off north from the main NH3 highway.

*** [[Rambir Por]] (~3,300m), named after the [[Maharaj|Maharaja]] [[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Ranbir Singh]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir princely state]].

[[File:Thikse_Monastery_.jpg|thumb|[[Thikse Monastery]], also called the ''"Mini Potala"'' due to its resemblance with [[Lhasa]]'s [[Potala Palace]].]]
*** [[Thiksey]] (~3,280m), famous for the [[Thiksey Monastery]] of [[Gelug]] (Yellow Hat sect of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]) which is also called the ''"Mini Potala"'' due to its resemblance with [[Lhasa]]'s [[Potala Palace]] and for 15-m tall [[Thikse_Monastery#Maitreya_Buddha|Maitreya Buddha]] statue.

*** [[Shey]] (~3,210m), former summer capital of [[Kingdom of Maryul]] (Kingdom of Ladakh).

*** [[Sindhughat]] (~3,180m), site of the annual [[Sindhu Darshan Festival]] held every year in June.

[[File:Ladakh_Heritage.jpg|thumb|Buddhist [[Stupa]]s at Choglamsar.]]
*** [[Choglamsar]] (~3,150m), is [[Dalai Lama]]’s summer residence (called Jivetsal) drawing tens of thousands of pilgrims from across the globe for the [[Kalachakra]] teachings (transformation of one's body and mind into perfect [[Buddhahood]] through various [[yoga|yogic]] methods), also the home of [[Tibetans in India|Tibetan Refugee Settlement]] and the [[Tibetan Children's Villages]] (TCV) school for preserving Tibetan culture and education, and [[Central Institute of Buddhist Studies]] (CIBS) which is a deemed university dedicated to the study of Buddhist philosophy, languages, and traditional arts.

*** [[Leh]] (~3,215m), with loop line siding for military logistics<ref name=featup1/>

*** [[Sesharthang]] (~3,250m), with loop line siding for military logistics.<ref name=p3/>

=== Features ===

Bilaspur-Manali-Leh rail line, with a total length of {{convert|489|km|mi|abbr=on}}, including the {{convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}} Leh-Sasherthang rail link, will cost ₹99,000 [[crore]] (~US$12.4 billion). This includes ₹62,000 crore (~US$7.75 billion) for 62 tunnels totaling {{Convert|270|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length, 114 major bridges, and 90 minor bridges.<ref name=abn1/>
<ref name=featup1>[https://www.theweek.in/theweek/current/2025/04/05/bilaspur-manali-leh-rail-project-details.html India’s costliest rail line will change how we view travel], theweek.in, 13 Apr 2025.</ref> Bilaspur-Leh section will have 124 major bridges, 396 minor bridges, and 52% track passing through 74 tunnels (with 27 km long Keylong tunnel being longer). Since this track passes through sub-zero cold weather, the coaches will be pressurised to maintain oxygen level and will be heated, but there will be no sleeper class seats. Construction includes structure to mitigate landslides, cloudbursts, and avalanches in the 48% section running outside the tunnels.<ref name=featup1/>

== Construction ==
[[File:Buddha_Statue_at_Sindhu_Ghat,_Shey,_Ladakh_%28July_2025%29_-_03.jpg|thumb|Buddha statue at [[Indus|Sindhu]] [[Ghat]] where the annual Sindhu Darshan Festival is held in June.]]

=== Funding ===

According to the 2022 Detailed Project Report (DPR), project cost will exceed ₹1 lakh crore. Total 2200 hectares land, including 572 hectares (26%), will be acquired at the cost of ₹11,500 crore. Bridges and tunnels will cost ₹62,000 crore including the large escape tunnels for ensuring passenger safety during emergencies.<ref name=modb1/> The project requires the acquisition of {{convert|1100|ha|km2|abbr=on}} of land, of which 26% is forest land, at a cost of ₹11,500 crore (~US$8.5 billion). {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} of approach roads will be constructed.<ref name=p3/>

=== Sections ===

In March 2012, [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] sent the project to the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] for appraisal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Budget 2012-2013 Speech of Dinesh Trivedi Ministry of Railways. March 14, 2012|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ESpeech_2012-13.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324063208/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ESpeech_2012-13.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2012|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="himvani1">{{cite web|date=2010-12-26|title='Manali–Leh railway line project report with Planning Commission'|url=http://www.himvani.com/news/2010/12/26/manali-leh-railway-line-project-report-with-planning-commission/9555|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226072332/http://www.himvani.com/9555/manali-leh-railway-line-project-report-with-planning-commission/|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=2012-04-02|publisher=Himvani.com}}</ref> In December 2016, the {{convert|498|km|abbr=on}} the budget of ₹345 crore was approved for carrying out the Final Location Survey (FLS) for Bhanupli–Leh rail,<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 December 2016|title=Bilaspur-Manali-Leh rail line on fast track|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/bilaspur-manali-leh-rail-line-on-fast-track/articleshow/55764296.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204020642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/Bilaspur-Manali-Leh-rail-line-on-fast-track/articleshow/55764296.cms |archive-date=4 December 2016 }}</ref> which finally begun in June 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khosla|first=Sakshita|date=27 June 2017|title=Train to Leh, Ladakh: Suresh Prabhu lays foundation stone for Bilaspur-Mandi-Leh Rail Line to be built at a cost of Rs 157 cr|url=http://www.india.com/business/train-to-leh-ladakh-suresh-prabhu-lays-foundation-stone-for-bilaspur-mandi-leh-rail-line-to-be-built-at-a-cost-of-rs-157-cr-2275054/|url-status=live|website=India.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629024104/http://www.india.com/business/train-to-leh-ladakh-suresh-prabhu-lays-foundation-stone-for-bilaspur-mandi-leh-rail-line-to-be-built-at-a-cost-of-rs-157-cr-2275054/|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref> and was completed by October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 April 2017|agency=PTI|title=Centre announces final location survey of three railway lines in Arunachal Pradesh|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2017/apr/01/centre-announces-final-location-survey-of-three-railway-lines-in-arunachal-pradesh-1588716.html|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=The New Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011753/http://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2017/apr/01/centre-announces-final-location-survey-of-three-railway-lines-in-arunachal-pradesh-1588716.html |archive-date=7 November 2017 }}</ref> In March 2025, the FSL and subsequent DPR for Bilaspur-Manali-Leh line were complete.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Railways' big update on Bilaspur-Manali-Leh line |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/indian-railways-big-update-on-bilaspur-manali-leh-line-ashwini-vaishnaw-says-mega-kargil-project-will-cost-rs-1-31-lakh-crore-12963876.html |work=Money Control}}</ref>

* Section-0: Bhanupli to Barmana (Bilaspur), {{convert|63.1|km|mi|abbr=on}} long link begins at the existing Bhanupli station,
* Section-1: Barmana to [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]
* Section-2: Mandi to [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]
* Section-3: Manali to [[Upshi]]
* Section-4: Upshi to Leh
* Section-5: Leh to Sasherthang {{convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}} link, included in the project at the request of the [[Indian military]],<ref name="p3">{{cite web |url= https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/separate-railway-track-for-indian-army-in-leh-on-bhanupali-bilaspur-beri-manali-leh-railway-line |title= डीपीआर तैयार: सेना के लिए चीन सीमा तक अलग से बिछेगा 13 किलोमीटर रेल ट्रैक |publisher= Amar Ujala |access-date=2022-09-14 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and Ministry of Defence had granted final approval in December 2024.<ref name=modb1>[https://thenewshimachal.com/2024/12/bilaspur-manali-leh-rail-line-gets-green-signal-land-acquisition-process-begins/ Bilaspur-Manali-Leh Rail Line Gets Green Signal; Land Acquisition Process Begins], The News Himachal, 24 Dec 2024.</ref>

=== Section-0: Bhanupli to Barmana (Bilaspur), 63.1 km ===

The construction on this initial section is focused on connecting the existing Bhanupli railway station in the [[Rupnagar district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] to Barmana in the [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. It has a total track length of {{convert|63.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}, 20 tunnels totaling {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}, 24 bridges totaling {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and 2 viaducts totaling {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="p3" /><ref name="p2">[https://www.jagran.com/himachal-pradesh/kangra-himachal-pradesh-bhanupalli-leh-rail-line-first-station-in-dharot-of-bilaspur-diversion-from-barmana-22655125.html], Amar Ujala, 24 April 2022.</ref><ref name="p1">[https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/rail-vikas-nigam-track-started-for-bhanupally-bilaspur-leh-rail-line रेल विकास निगम: भानुपल्ली-बिलासपुर-लेह रेललाइन के लिए बिछने लगा ट्रैक], Amar Ujala, 15 May 2022.</ref>

=== Section-1: Barmana (Bilaspur) to Mandi ===

In May 2022, this section commenced with land acquisition between Barmana and Mandi.<ref name=fsl1>{{Cite web|date= 9 February 2022 |title= Land acquisition for strategic rail line begins in Himachal |url= https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/land-acquisition-for-strategic-rail-line-begins-in-himachal-368514 }}</ref>

== Related connectivity ==
{{ anchor | Future | Related| Extension | Extensions | Former |Formerly | Further}}

Originally, a couple of further extensions from Leh also were planned to be constructed at a later time. However, in 2023 these were officially declared to be "shelved due to low traffic projection".<ref name="abn1"/> They comprised the following.

* 1. [[Jammu railway division#SKLL|Srinagar-Kargil-Leh line]], {{Convert|480|km|mi|abbr=on}}, a Rs 55,896 crore project.,<ref name=abn1/><ref name="Leh_Srinagar_Line"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Centre Drops Srinagar-Kargil-Leh Rail Plan |url=https://kashmirlife.net/centre-drops-srinagar-kargil-leh-rail-plan-five-new-surveys-underway-in-jammu-kashmir-385508/ |work=Kashmir Life}}</ref> survey done, DPR on hold as of 2025.
** 1.1. Leh-Kargil rail line, {{Convert|210|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Leh_Srinagar_Line">{{Cite web |title=The Srinagar-Kargil-Leh line is a proposed railway line from Srinagar station via the town of Kargil to Leh by Indian Railways. The line was designated a national project on 26 February 2013 - www.Rail-Pass.com |url=https://www.rail-pass.com/srinagar-kargil-leh-line |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=www.rail-pass.com}}</ref>
** 1.2. Kargil-Srinagar rail line, {{Convert|225|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Leh_Srinagar_Line" />
* 2. [[Jammu railway division#PLL|Pathankot-Leh line]], {{Convert|664|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Rs 70,308 crore project,<ref name="abn1"/> survey done, DPR being prepared in 2025.

==See also==

* [[List of highest railway stations in the world|Highest railway stations of world]]
* [[India–China Border Roads]]
* [[Jammu–Baramulla line]]
* [[Future of rail transport in India#Geo|Strategic rail lines of India]]
* [[Transport in Ladakh]]
* [[Transport in Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[Jammu railway division#Future|Railway in Himachal, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh]]
* [[Aerial lift in India]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1Bi4GaxTvi6K77LPM4NxHbnadksk&hl=en_US&ll=32.039803292535616%2C78.45877654843753&z=7 Google map of the existing and planned route with additional spurs]

{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Punjab, India}}
{{Himachal Pradesh topics}}
{{Ladakh}}
{{Highest train stations of the world}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhanupli-Leh line}}
[[Category:Proposed railway lines in India]]
[[Category:Firozpur railway division|*]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Ladakh]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Leh]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]

Vasant Kunj metro station (Lucknow)

2026-05-03T14:29:19Z

TimDuncan875676: Adding a details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Proposed Lucknow Metro station in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{about|the proposed station on the Blue Line of Lucknow Metro|the metro station under construction with the same name on Delhi Metro's Golden Line|Golden Line (Delhi Metro)}}
{{update|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{ric|Lucknow Metro|size=40}} Vasant Kunj
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| cta_header =
| type =
| style = Lucknow Metro
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = 
| elevation = {{cvt|12.522|m|ft}}
| line = ''{{rcb|Lucknow Metro|b|route}} (Proposed)''
| other =
| structure =
| platform =
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened = 
| closed = 
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code =
| owned = [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
| operator = [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjstn|header1=Proposed|system1=Lucknow Metro|line1=b|left1=Musabagh}}
| map_locator =
| route_map =
| map_state =
}}
'''Vasant Kunj''' is a proposed [[Lucknow Metro]] station in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh, India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Metro gets a blueprint from Delhi|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Lucknow-Metro-gets-a-blueprint-from-Delhi/611040|work=The Indian Express|date=25 April 2010 |access-date=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Metro Map|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttarpradesh/lucknow-metro.html|work=mapsofindia.com|access-date=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UP Approves Detailed Project Report of Lucknow Metro|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=807564|work=Outlook India|access-date=16 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015161610/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=807564|archive-date=15 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Proposed Lucknow Metro Stations on North–South and East–West Corridors|url=http://mtariqkhan-hindustantimes.blogspot.in/2013/08/proposed-lucknow-metro-stations-on.html|work=mtariqkhan-hindustantimes.blogspot.in/|date=6 August 2013 |access-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>

{{Lucknow Metro Route Map}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Lucknow Metro stations]]
[[Category:Proposed railway stations in India]]

{{UttarPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Vikatan Group

2026-05-01T10:16:28Z

TimDuncan875676:

{{Short description|Indian news magazine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}{{Multiple|{{More citations needed|date=June 2021}}
{{Lead too short|date=October 2024}}}}
{{Infobox company
| logo = Ananda-Vikatan.jpg
| logo_size = 220
| caption =
| hq_location_city = [[Chennai]]
| key_people = [[S. S. Vasan]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1926}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.vikatan.com}}
}}
The '''Vikatan Group''' is an Indian media conglomerate based in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. Its flagship [[Tamil-language]] weekly magazine ''Ananda Vikatan'' was launched in 1926.

==History==
''Ananda Vikatan'' was started by Pudhoor Vaidyanadha Iyer in February 1926 as a monthly publication. The issue for December 1927 was not published due to financial difficulties. In January 1928, [[S. S. Vasan]] bought the rights from Iyer and relaunched the publication in February 1928 in a new format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-pasupathy.blogspot.in/2015/03/2.html|title=S. S. Vasan|language=ta|author=S. Pasupathy|date=10 March 2003|access-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314135650/http://s-pasupathy.blogspot.in/2015/03/2.html|archive-date=14 March 2017}}</ref> He paid {{INRConvert|200|year=1928}} at the rate of ₹25 per letter in the Tamil-language name (ஆனந்த விகடன்) of the publication to buy the rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301510600.htm |title=With a finger on people's pulse|date=23 May 2003|access-date=13 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030629133534/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301510600.htm |archive-date=29 June 2003|work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> He built it into a weekly and sales soon rose. Veteran journalist and media personality and Srinivasan's son [[S. Balasubramanian]] served as editor, managing director and publisher of the magazine for nearly fifty years till 2006.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trophy to Remember|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/16/stories/2003111602121000.htm |author=K. Ramachandran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040101101139/http://www.hindu.com/2003/11/16/stories/2003111602121000.htm |archive-date=1 Jan 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also started the "Manavar Thittam" or student journalism scheme that has been active for the last thirty years and counting. He also launched Junior Vikatan, a biweekly Tamil investigative journal in the 1980s. Balasubramanian later served as chairman emeritus of the Vikatan Group after retiring from active involvement and handing over the reins to his son B. Srinivasan.

== Publications ==
''Ananda Vikatan'' is the group's flagship magazine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vanitha continues to lead regional language magazines |url=http://www.printweek.in/news/irs-2017-vanitha-continues-lead-regional-language-magazines-27929 |website=www.printweek.in}}</ref> It also publishes various other magazines including ''Aval Vikatan'', ''Chutti Vikatan'', ''Doctor Vikatan'', ''Junior Vikatan'', ''Motor Vikatan'', ''Naanayam Vikatan'', ''Pasumai Vikatan'', ''Sakthi Vikatan'' and ''TimePass''. ''Cinema Vikatan'' is the group's YouTube channel that covers cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2019 |title=Vikatan to close down four magazines, online editions to continue |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/vikatan-close-down-four-magazines-online-editions-continue-108171 |access-date=5 August 2024 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Visual media ==
=== Television ===
Vikatan Televistas was launched by Vasan Publications in the late 1990s starting with mega-serials on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] such as [[Thirumathi Selvam]] and [[Thendral]]. In 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] it withdrew from [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] and decided to move and proceed with other channels, too.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/explained-how-vikatan-became-a-contextual-content-company-driven-by-technology/1676645/|title=Explained: How Vikatan became a contextual content company driven by technology|website=Financial Express|date=16 August 2019 }}</ref>
Since 2021, it has produced and made stories for [[Star Vijay]]. It debuted with shows such as [[Thamizhum Saraswathiyum|Thamizhum Saraswatiyum]] and [[Siragadikka Aasai (TV series)|Siragadikka Aasai]]. In 2023, it also debuted in [[Kalaignar TV]] with the show [[Ranjithame]].

In 2024, Vikatan Televistas debuted in Hindi television industry by co-producing Udne Ki Aasha for [[StarPlus]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Production house Vikatan steps into the Hindi GEC space with Udne Ki Asha on Star Plus |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/production-house-vikatan-steps-into-the-hindi-gec-space-with-udne-ki-asha-on-star-plus/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+TV serials produced by Vikatan
|-
!Name
!First aired
!Last aired
!Number of episodes
!Network
|-
| ''Akshaya''
| 1999
|
| 50
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|''Panchavarnakilli''
||2000
|
|
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''Pushpanjali''
| 2000
|
| 38
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''Anandha Bhavan''
| 2000
|
| 60
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Alaigal (TV series)|Alaigal]]''
| 29 October 2001
| 23 May 2003
| 403
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''Avargal''
| 6 January 2003
| 2 November 2007
| 1077
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''Appa''
| 26 May 2003
| 21 November 2003
| 125
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]''
| 24 November 2003
| 4 December 2009
| 1533
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''Alli Rajyam''
| 16 May 2005
| 21 July 2006
| 60
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]''
| 5 November 2007
| 22 March 2013
| 1360
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Thendral]]''
| 7 December 2009
| 17 January 2015
| 1340
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Deivamagal]]''
| 25 March 2013
| 17 February 2018
| 1466
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Priyamanaval]]''
| 19 January 2015
| 11 May 2019
| 1315
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Nayaki (TV series)|Nayaki]]''
| 19 February 2018
| 31 October 2020
| 718
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''[[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]]''
| 5 August 2019
| 30 March 2020
| 197
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ''Sravani Subrahmanyam''
| 18 July 2011
| 27 July 2012
| 266
| [[Gemini TV]]
|-
| ''Devatha''
| 12 January 2009
| 31 May 2013||1142
| [[Gemini TV]]
|-
| ''Ilam Thennal Pole''
| 28 November 2011
| 20 July 2012
| 170
| [[Surya TV]]
|-
| ''Thangali''
| 5 December 2011
| 4 October 2013
| 472
| [[Udaya TV]]
|-
| ''[[Thamizhum Saraswathiyum]]''
| 12 July 2021
| 19 April 2024
| 717
| [[Star Vijay]]
|-
| ''[[Siragadikka Aasai (TV series)|Siragadikka Aasai]]''
| 23 January 2023
|
| 905+
| [[Star Vijay]]
|-
| ''[[Ranjithame (2023 TV series)|Ranjithame]]''
| 17 July 2023
| 14 December 2024
| 436
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
|-
| ''[[Budget Kudumbam]]''
| 22 January 2024
| 7 March 2025
| 100
| [[DD Podhigai]]
|-
| [[Udne Ki Aasha]]
| 12 March 2024
|
| 665+
|[[StarPlus]]
|-
| [[Chinnanchiru Kiliye]]
| 21 June 2025 (only initial concept)
|
| 250+
| | [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
| [[Kanaa Kandenadi]]
| 19 January 2026
|
| 12+
| [[Star Vijay]]
|}

=== Films ===
The company ventured into film production as Vikatan Talkie with the comedy film ''[[Siva Manasula Sakthi]]'', starring [[Jiiva]] and [[Anuya]], in 2009.{{cn|date=November 2016}} It was followed by the commercially unsuccessful film ''[[Vaalmiki (film)|Vaalmiki]]'' in the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kollywoodtoday.com/previews/preview-vaalmiki/|title=Preview – Vaalmiki|work=Kollywood Today|date=21 May 2009|access-date=24 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127100840/http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/previews/preview-vaalmiki/|archive-date=27 January 2013|url-status=dead }}</ref> The media house still produces a variety of programs for television and has branched out into various streams of media content with an online digital broadcast of snippets of news, views, interviews, etc.<ref name=":0"/>

=== Web series ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Name
! First aired
! Last Aired
! Number of episodes
! Network
|-
| ''[[November Story]]''
| 2021
| 2021
| 7
| [[Disney+ Hotstar|Disney+ Hotstar (Tamil)]]
|-
| ''[[Uppu Puli Kaaram]]''
| 30 May 2024
| 2 January 2025
| 128
| Disney+ Hotstar (Tamil)
|}

== Ananda Vikatan Awards ==
{{main|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards}}
The awards ceremony has been held since 2008, with the most recent being in January 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2019-jan-09/ananda-vikatan-awards/147306-ananda-vikatan-awards-2018.html | title=ஆனந்த விகடன் சினிமா விருதுகள் 2018 - திறமைக்கு மரியாதை | date=3 January 2019 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.vikatan.com/ Official Website]
*[https://soundcloud.com/user-311470525/j-pod-tamil-magazine-pioneer-b J-POD: B. Srinivasan of ''Ananda Vikatan'', podcast on Krishna Prasad's jpod]

{{Works by Vikatan Televistas}}

[[Category:Companies based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1926]]
[[Category:Mass media in Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil-language magazines]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:1926 establishments in India]]

Gangapur City

2026-04-30T12:38:55Z

TimDuncan875676:

{{short description|City in Rajasthan, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2025}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gangapur City
| official_name =
| nickname = Kushalgarh
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Gangapur_City_Railway_Station.jpg
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|26.47171|N|76.71594|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]]
| established_title = Kushalgarh
| established_date = 1757 CE
| founder = Raja Kushaliram Haldiya
| named_for = Gangaram (brother of Raja Kushaliram)
| government_type = [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| governing_body = [[Nagar Parishad]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = Ramkesh Meena
([[Indian National Congress|INC]]) 
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Chairman
| leader_name4 = Vacant
 
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 32
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 260
| population_urban =
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_total = 165000
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Braj language|Braj Bhasha]], [[Dhundhari language|Dhundhari]] ([[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 322201,322202
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07463
| registration_plate = RJ-25
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 892 per 1000 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = * https://gangapurcity.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gangapur City''' is a [[municipal council]] located in [[Sawai Madhopur district]] in the eastern part of [[India|Indian]] state of [[Rajasthan]]. It is situated 140 km (87 mi) east of Rajasthan's capital [[Jaipur]], 76 km (47 mi) from [[Sawai Madhopur]], 33 km (20 mi) from [[Karauli]], 160 km (99 mi) from [[Agra]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is famous for its sweet cuisine ''Kheermohan'' and newly built ''Kushalgarh Baba Shyam Temple''.

Gangapur City holds a strategic position due to its location on the Delhi–Mumbai railway route, making it an important transportation hub. The city is well-connected to major urban centers like [[Jaipur]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], and [[Agra]]. Its proximity to attractions like [[Ranthambore National Park]] adds to its importance in the area.

== History ==
Gangapur was reportedly named Kushalgarh (Hindi: कुशालगढ़); by King Kushaliram Haldiya. Gangapur took its current name from Kushaliram's brother, Gangaram. Historically Gangapur City was the cultural capital of [[Jaipur State]] and was known as "The Jugad of the East".

== Geography ==
Gangapur City is located in the eastern part of Rajasthan; it is situated 140 km from [[Jaipur]] (The capital of Rajasthan). The city's area is about 25 km² and has an average elevation of 1,624 feet.

== Demographics ==
The [[2011 Census of India]] considered Gangapur City as an urban agglomeration. The city has a population of apx. 165,000 in the year 2023; males constitute 53% of the population and females constitute 47%.

{{Bar chart
| title = Population growth through the years
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Population
| bar_width = 20
| width_units = em
| data_max = 300,000
| label3 = 1891 | data3 = 15,443
| label4 = 1901 | data4 = 18,567
| label5 = 1911 | data5 =
| label6 = 1921 | data6 =
| label7 = 1931 | data7 =
| label8 = 1941 | data8 = 20,456
| label9 = 1951 | data9 = 25,566
| label10 = 1961 | data10 = 47,678
| label12 = 1971 | data12 = 60,457
| label13 = 1981 | data13 = 75,456
| label14 = 1991 | data14 = 89,789
| label15 = 2001| data15 = 1,07,459
| label16 = 2011 | data16 = 1,25,447
| label17 = 2021 | data17 = 1,54,000
| label18 = 2023 | data18 = 1,65,000}}

=== Language ===
[[Hindi]] is the Official Language of Gangapur City and here a mixture of [[Braj Bhasha]] and [[Dhundari language|Dhundhari (Rajasthani)]] is primarily spoken.

=== Literacy rates ===
The average literacy rate in Gangapur is 82.12%.

=== Religions ===

[[Hinduism]] is majority religion in Gangapur City, with 71.91% of the city as followers. Islam is the second most common religion, with 26.32% following it in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/75-gangapur.html|title=Gangapur City Population Census 2011 {{!}} Rajasthan|website=census2011.co.in|access-date=2016-09-29}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Religion
!Total
!Percentage
|-
|Hindu
|1,18,651
|71.91%
|-
|Muslims
|43,428
|26.32%
|-
|Jain
|1,617
|0.98%
|-
|Not Stated
|858
|0.52%
|-
|Christian
|247
|0.15%
|-
|Sikh
|132
|0.08%
|-
|Buddhist
|66
|0.04%
|-
|Others
|7
|0.004%
|}

== Climate ==
Gangapur City is in a subtropical dry climate that experiences summer, winter, and the [[wet season]]. Temperature may rise above 40°C in summers and can be low as 5°C in winters. The average precipitation is 24.48 cm. Humidity is about 5–10% in summers and rises to about 75% in rainy seasons.
{{Weather box
|location = Gangapur City
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 20
|Feb high C = 25
|Mar high C = 34
|Apr high C = 38
|May high C = 41
|Jun high C = 48
|Jul high C = 36
|Aug high C = 34
|Sep high C = 36
|Oct high C = 36
|Nov high C = 31
|Dec high C = 27
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 8
|Feb low C = 12
|Mar low C = 18
|Apr low C = 23
|May low C = 27
|Jun low C = 29
|Jul low C = 27
|Aug low C = 26
|Sep low C = 25
|Oct low C = 20
|Nov low C = 15
|Dec low C = 9
|year low C =
|Jan precipitation cm = 0.35
|Feb precipitation cm = 0.27
|Mar precipitation cm = 0.32
|Apr precipitation cm = 0.35
|May precipitation cm = 0.6
|Jun precipitation cm = 3.26
|Jul precipitation cm = 8.89
|Aug precipitation cm = 6.44
|Sep precipitation cm = 3.42
|Oct precipitation cm = 0.45
|Nov precipitation cm = 0.07
|Dec precipitation cm = 0.06
|year precipitation cm =
|source = Foreca
|date=June 2011}}

== Business ==
Major industries are related to Food processing and Agro Processing sector. Gangapur City is famous for its sweet [[Kheermohan]] (खीरमोहन).

== Administration and politics ==
[[File:Gangapur city map.png|thumb|Gangapur city wards map]]
*Gangapur City had 40 wards before 2019, currently it has 60 wards.
*It is part of [[Gangapur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency]].
*It is part of [[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Transportation ==
[[File:Ganagpur City Railway Station Main Entrance.jpg|thumb|Gangapur City railway station entrance]]

=== Railways ===
{{stnlnk|Gangapur City}} is a railway station on the [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line|Delhi–Kota–Vadodara–Mumbai railway line]] and it is abbreviated as '''GGC'''. Many of the major trains on this route stop at the station. It is in the [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway Zone]] under the [[Kota railway division|Kota Division]]. Gangapur City is directly connected to major cities like [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Jaipur]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Agra]], [[Indore]], [[Mathura]], [[Patna]], [[Jammu]], [[Amritsar]], and [[Udaipur]].

Station also serve as only railway source to places like [[Karauli]], [[Sapotara]], [[Bamanwas]], [[Lalsot]], [[Kaila Devi Temple|Kailadevi]], [[Piplai]] which did not have railway connectivity.

A new railway line is being constructed between {{stnlnk|Dausa}} and {{stnlnk|Gangapur City}} to connect Gangapur City to the [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station]], in order to decrease travel time to cities like [[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]], and [[Ahmedabad]] and provide railway connectivity to areas like Lalsot, Piplai, and Bamanwas. Currently DEMU Trains and Goods Trains run on this route.

Another railway line has been proposed between [[Dholpur]] and Gangapur City to connect Gangapur City to the Delhi–[[Bhopal]]–Mumbai rail route and to provide connectivity to Karauli.

=== Roadways ===
Gangapur city is close to newly built delhi mumbai expressway. Gangapur City has a Rajasthan roadways bus stand for Rajasthan government buses and a private bus stand for privately owned buses. Gangapur City has regular government and private buses to cities like [[Jaipur]], [[Dausa]], [[Karauli]], [[Dholpur]], [[Gwalior]], [[Ajmer]], [[Pushkar]], [[Hindaun]], [[Alwar]], [[Bikaner]], [[Bhilwara]], [[Sikar]] and [[Sawai Madhopur]].

Major roads passing through Gangapur City are:
* [[National Highway 23 (India)|National Highway 23]]: Dholpur–Karauli–Gangapur–Lalsot–Kothun
* [[State Highway 1 (Rajasthan)|Rajasthan SH-1]]: Jhalawar–Kota–Sawai Madhopur–Gangapur City–Bharatpur
* [[Rajasthan SH-25]]: Gangapur City–Sikandra–Bandikui–Rajgarh–Alwar–Tijara–Bhiwadi–Daruhera

The distances of major cities from Gangapur City are:
* Jaipur: 141 km
* Sawai Madhopur: 75 km
* Bharatpur: 145 km
* Mathura: 180 km
* Agra: 160 km
* Kota: 206 km
* Indore: 570 km
* New Delhi: 238 km
* Udaipur: 458 km
* Ajmer: 274 km
* Karauli: 34 km
* Gwalior: 203 km
* Alwar: 142 km
* Dausa: 85 km
* Sikar: 265 km

=== Airways ===
The nearest airports to the city are [[Jaipur International Airport]] in Jaipur and [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] in New Delhi.

== See also ==
* [[Rajasthan]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur district]]
* [[List of urban local bodies in Rajasthan]]
* [[List of districts of Rajasthan]]
* [[Gangapur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency]]
*[[Lakshya Beniwal]]

== External links ==
* https://www.gangapurcity.rajasthan.gov.in/home
* https://www.gangapur.city {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174959/https://www.gangapur.city/ |date=19 January 2019 }}
* https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/sawai-madhopur/gangapur/
* https://geoiq.io/places/Gangapur-City-(M)/yQSgXcvBJm
* https://www.giveindia.org/all-ngos/rajasthan/gangapur-city/
* https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/rajasthan/gangapur.html
* https://women.raftaar.in/ghumne-ki-jagah/rajasthan/gangapur_city

== References ==
{{Reflist}} [https://www.livemint.com/news/india/rajasthan-govt-greenlights-19-new-districts-3-divisions-in-state-details-here-11691163469977.html New District Announcement Rajasthan]

{{Sawai Madhopur district}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sawai Madhopur district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gangapur City district]]

Mami Varte

2026-04-25T16:39:56Z

TimDuncan875676: Made New Entry...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Mami Varte
| image = MamiVarte.jpg
| birth_name = Lalrinkimi Varte
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|04|19}}
| birth_place = [[Aizawl]], India
| spouse = Zoramchhana Sailo (married 20 March 2015)
| genre = [[Pop music]], [[pop rock]]
| label = [[K&P Records]]
| years_active = 2004–present
}}

'''Lalrinkimi Varte''' (born 19 April 1988), better known by her stage name '''Mami Varte''',<ref name="INKtalks">{{cite web|url=http://www.inktalks.com/people/mami-varte|title=People - Mami Varte|publisher=© 2013 INKtalks.com|accessdate=2014-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529051501/http://www.inktalks.com/people/mami-varte|archive-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> is a [[Mizoram|Mizo]] singer most notable in [[Northeast India]]. Described as the Mizo "pop diva",<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2012-02-20 |title=Zomis celebrate National Day in Imphal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/zomis-celebrate-national-day-in-imphal/articleshow/11967702.cms |access-date=2025-06-30 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224151440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/zomis-celebrate-national-day-in-imphal/articleshow/11967702.cms|archive-date=24 February 2012}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2012-02-20 |title=CM hums harmony tune on Zomi National Day : 21st feb12 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=10..210212.feb12 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=The Sangai Express |via=E-Pao|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223002629/https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=10..210212.feb12|archive-date=23 December 2025}}</ref> she had been honoured with Youth Icon Award by the North Eastern Economical Development Society (2010), and the FICCI Ladies Organisation (FLO) Award by the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (2013), among other accolades.

==Music career==
Mami Varte began singing at the age of 12, where she performed in various programs at church and school during her childhood.

She released her debut album ''Damlai Par'' in 2007. Her music video on the main song became a hit throughout Mizoram,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2019-02-14 |title=Music video thar 'Duhaisam' nen Mami Varte a rawn come back |trans-title=Mami Varte returns with a new music video |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/24828 |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=Vanglaini |language=Mizo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250630084515/https://vanglaini.org/thalai/24828|archive-date=30 June 2025}}</ref> and she became an established singer in northeast India. In 2010, she performed her rendition of "[[I Love the Way You Love Me]]" at a concert at Rabindra Bhawan in Guwahati, Assam, organized by [[Doordarshan|Doordarshan, Guwahati]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarmah |first=Chandan |date=2009-07-10 |title=Medley of bands in rhythm euphoria - Evening to remember |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/medley-of-bands-in-rhythm-euphoria-evening-to-remember/cid/503307 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223012645/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/medley-of-bands-in-rhythm-euphoria-evening-to-remember/cid/503307|archive-date=23 December 2025}}</ref> That year, Varte worked with Assamese singer [[Bhupen Hazarika]], Tripuri singer [[Sourabhee Debbarma]] (winner of the [[Indian Idol (Hindi TV series)|''Indian Idol 4'']]), and Khasi musician [[Lou Majaw]] on the song and music video for "Our North-East, Our Star" (in tune of ''[[Mile Sur Mera Tumhara]]''), a documentary video for promoting unification of northeast India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-10 |title=Limelight - Northeast sonata |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/limelight/cid/446620 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222233825/https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/limelight/cid/446620|archive-date=22 December 2025}}</ref> Supported by the [[Star Cement]] company and directed by [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]], the music video was released on 20 November 2010 in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legendary Dr. Bhupen Hazarika's first music video |url=https://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/web-special/64-2010/december/1224-legendary-dr-bhupen-hazarikas-first-music-video |access-date=2025-06-30 |website= |language=en-gb|publisher=[[Eastern Panorama]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250630103036/https://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/web-special/64-2010/december/1224-legendary-dr-bhupen-hazarikas-first-music-video|archive-date=30 June 2025}}</ref> The hoarding statement ran: "The pride of North East: Sourobhee Debbarma, Bhupen Hazarika, Mami Varte, Lou Majaw"''.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Soumyadip |date=2011-11-05 |title=Bhupen Hazarika (1926-2011). North-East India loses a star |url=https://www.cuttingthechai.com/2011/11/5448/bhupen-hazarika-1926-2011-north-east-india-loses-a-star/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Cutting the Chai |language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213132650/https://www.cuttingthechai.com/2011/11/5448/bhupen-hazarika-1926-2011-north-east-india-loses-a-star/|archive-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> The video was for an introductory screen in all cinema shows in northeast India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Serena |date=2010-11-23 |title=Now, song for the North East |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/now-song-for-the-north-east/story-4t8f5zT8fDgVRFOFmz6v3L.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223001256/https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/now-song-for-the-north-east/story-4t8f5zT8fDgVRFOFmz6v3L.html|archive-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>

In February 2012, Varte performed at the first Carnival of North East India held in New Delhi organized by the Indigenous People Welfare Organization and the [[Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation|Delhi Tourism]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhambri |first=Vaishali |date=2012-02-12 |title=North East comes calling |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/north-east-comes-calling/story-EXS9Z8sGyOtF2KTqgW73KK.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416004931/https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/north-east-comes-calling/story-EXS9Z8sGyOtF2KTqgW73KK.html|archive-date=16 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kanak |first=Prabha |date=2012-02-17 |title=North East comes calling |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/north-east-comes-calling/article2903788.ece |access-date=2025-06-30 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211232343/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/north-east-comes-calling/article2903788.ece|archive-date=11 February 2021}}</ref> In the same month, she was an invited artist at the ''Zomi Nam Ni'' (Zomi National day) at Bhagyachandra Opne Air Theatre in Imphal, Manipur.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> In 2013, she represented Mizoram to perform at the Handshake Concert held at [[Raj Bhavan, Kohima]], Nagaland, organized by the Rattle and Hum Music Society under the [[North East Zone Cultural Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-21 |title=Handshake Concert in Raj Bhavan |url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/handshake-concert-in-raj-bhavan |access-date=2025-06-30 |website= |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721125548/https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/handshake-concert-in-raj-bhavan|archive-date=21 July 2021|publisher=[[Eastern Mirror]]}}</ref>

She has also performed on the show [[Indian Idol]], at the Ink (Innovation and Knowledge) conference in [[Lavasa]], and season 2 of the Indian television series [[Coke Studio (India)|Coke Studio @ MTV]]. She sang "Kir Leh Rawh", composed by David Lalliansanga, and was released in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Mami Varte, Kaushiki Chakravarty New Mp3 Song Kir Leh Rawh Download - Raag.fm |url=https://raag.fm/kir-leh-rawh-mp3-song-6kgob.html |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=RAAG |language=English|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250630103007/https://raag.fm/kir-leh-rawh-mp3-song-6kgob.html|archive-date=30 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khurana |first=Suanshu |date=2012-05-20 |title=On Second Thoughts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/on-second-thoughts/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731105831/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/on-second-thoughts/|archive-date=31 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-08-14 |title=Shantanu Moitra-Usha Uthup on Coke Studio |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shantanu-moitra-usha-uthup-on-coke-studio/articleshow/15489265.cms |access-date=2025-06-30 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2013, she again represented Mizoram and performed at the North East Festival 2013 held at Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrating life in north-east style |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/celebrating-life-north-east-style-2293287 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website= |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222232025/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/celebrating-life-north-east-style-2293287|archive-date=22 December 2025|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> She was the only performer from Mizoram at the conference of Chin Youth Organization held in Indianapolis, US.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khonumthung |date=2013-07-01 |title=Chin and Mizo singers will perform in US |url=https://www.bnionline.net/en/khonumthung-news/item/15660-chin-and-mizo-singers-will-perform-in-us.html |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=[[Burma News International]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222234819/https://www.bnionline.net/en/khonumthung-news/item/15660-chin-and-mizo-singers-will-perform-in-us.html|archive-date=22 December 2025}}</ref>

For her earlier albums, Varte worked with Blue Wave Record, which released her last music video under contract "A Na Chuang E" in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2017-06-12 |title=Mami Varte Chhangchhe nu a rawn lang dawn! |trans-title=Mami Varte to return after motherhood |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/72472 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Vanglaini |language=Mizo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250630085019/https://vanglaini.org/thalai/72472|archive-date=30 June 2025}}</ref> In 2018, she signed with the record label Kings & Prophets Records.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingsandprophets.com/|title=Aizawl {{!}} Kings & Prophets Recording Studio|website=Aizawl {{!}} Kings & Prophets Recording Studio|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615222057/https://www.kingsandprophets.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, under the new label, she released an original music video, produced by Zonet TV, "Duhaisam". It was aired on [[Valentine's Day]],<ref name=":0" /> and remained on Ṭhazual Lengzem Top 10 list for several weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2019-04-02 |title=Thalai - Ṭhazual Lengzem-ah A hmun ngaiah Jonathan Lalengzauva |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/29723 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Vanglaini |language=en}}</ref>

After years of hiatus, she released an original single "Hmangaihna A Tlawm Dawn Lo" in 2023. Produced by Blue Wave Record, the music video from Moonshine Studio was broadcast simultaneously on 13 May on [[Spotify]], [[Apple Music]], [[Amazon Music]] and [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2023-05-12 |title=Mami Varte music video thar a chhuak dawn ta! |trans-title=New music video of Mami Varte upcoming |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/93450 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Vanglaini |language=Mizo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250630083511/https://vanglaini.org/thalai/93450|archive-date=30 June 2025}}</ref>

==''Mizo Idol''==
Varte became a judge on the 4th Season of the Mizo TV show ''[[Mizo Idol]]'' and she was also chosen to be the mentor for "Lengzem" categories.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} She was a guest judge in the elimination stage of the 5th season in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2015-05-13 |title=Mizo Idol turin inbuatsaih |trans-title=Mizo Idol in preparation |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/134161 |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=Vanglaini |language=Mizo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250630085639/https://vanglaini.org/thalai/134161|archive-date=30 June 2025}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Varte married Zoramchhana (grandson of Brigadier [[T. Sailo]]) in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-21 |title=Damlaipar tlân di'n hlasak thiem Mami Varte'n 'TIEM TLAT E' ti ve ta |url=https://www.virthli.in/2015/03/damlaipar-thlan-din-hlasak-thiem-mami.html |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=Virthli |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605075005/https://www.virthli.in/2015/03/damlaipar-thlan-din-hlasak-thiem-mami.html|archive-date=5 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* 2010, Varte received the Youth Icon Award under music category as part of the 3rd NEEDS Excellence Awards by the North Eastern Economical Development Society.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2010-09-15 |title=18 individuals, 3 teams get excellence awards |url=https://assamtribune.com/18-individuals-3-teams-get-excellence-awards |access-date=2025-06-30 |website= |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816141225/https://assamtribune.com/18-individuals-3-teams-get-excellence-awards|archive-date=16 August 2022|publisher=[[The Assam Tribune]]}}</ref>
* 2013, she received the FICCI Ladies Organisation (FLO) Award from the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]]. She was the third, after actress Arati Baruah and singer Archana Mahanta (both of Assam), to receive the award and the first from Mizoram.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-07 |title=Mizo music industry lagging behind: Varte |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mizo-music-industry-lagging-behind-varte/articleshow/19422974.cms |access-date=2025-06-30 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527225349/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mizo-music-industry-lagging-behind-varte/articleshow/19422974.cms|archive-date=27 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanai |first=Ezrela Dalidia |date=2025-03-25 |title=Mizoram's youngest MLA Baryl Vanneihsangi receives FLO Women Achievers Award 2025 |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/mizoram/story/mizorams-youngest-mla-baryl-vanneihsangi-receives-flo-women-achievers-award-2025-1189137-2025-03-25 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=India Today NE |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325163617/https://www.indiatodayne.in/mizoram/story/mizorams-youngest-mla-baryl-vanneihsangi-receives-flo-women-achievers-award-2025-1189137-2025-03-25|archive-date=25 March 2025}}</ref>
* 2013, she received the MPJA Award in entertainment category from the Mizoram Periodical Journalists Association.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-13 |title=MPJA Award 2013 |url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/mpja-award-2013-sem-a-ni |publisher=Directorate of Information & Publicity, Government of Mizoram}}</ref>
* 2019, she with Lalmalsawmi received the first Mizoram Entertainment Award (category Anggu's Group Excellence Award) from Anggu's Management.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanglaini |date=2019-03-25 |title=Thalai - Mizoram Entertainment Award sem a ni ta |url=https://vanglaini.org/thalai/32431 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=vanglaini.org |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222231645/https://vanglaini.org/thalai/32431|archive-date=22 December 2025}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*"A Na E" (July, 2004)
*"Tha Sensiar" (September, 2004)
*"Kum Sang Atan" (April, 2005)
*"Lenrual Hlui" (July, 2005)
*"Damlai Par" (September, 2005)
*"Ka Lung Di" (March, 2006)
*"Suihlunglen" (November, 2006)
*"Mangtha" (April, 2007)
*"Dawn Tawi" (May, 2007)
*"Vul Dun Zel Ang" (June, 2007)
*"Hmangaihna Vanduai" (March, 2009)
*"I Kiang Ah" (September 2011)
*"Duhaisam" (2019)
*"Hmangaihna A Tlawm Dawn Lo" (2023)
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://twitter.com/Mami_Varte Mami Varte on Twitter]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varte, Mami}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Aizawl]]
[[Category:Indian women pop singers]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Indian child singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Mizoram]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women artists from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Artists from Mizoram]]

Cherukuvada Sri Ranganadha Raju

2026-04-24T23:32:22Z

TimDuncan875676: added new article

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Cherukuvada Sri Ranganadha Raju
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
| birth_name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| predecessor = Satyanarayana Pithani
| constituency = [[Achanta Assembly constituency|Achanta]]
| term_start1 = 2004
| term_end1 = 2009
| predecessor1 = Dandu Sivarama Raju
| constituency1 = [[Attili assembly constituency|Attili]]
| successor = [[Satyanarayana Pithani]]
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Cherukuvada Sri Ranganadha Raju''' is the Ex-Minister of Housing in [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]'s government of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Here is how Jagan Reddy's Cabinet looks like |date=8 June 2019 |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/here-is-how-jagan-reddy-s-cabinet-looks-like-119060800697_1.html}}</ref> He was elected to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Achanta Assembly constituency|Achanta constituency]] in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Achanta Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Ranganadha Raju of YSRCP Wins |date=23 May 2019 |work=[[News18]] |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/achanta-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2153613.html}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranganadha Raju, Cherukuvada Sri}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from West Godavari district]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]

{{AndhraPradesh-YSRCP-politician-stub}}

Sufiya Sufi

2026-04-20T09:27:05Z

TimDuncan875676: Adding new entry v1

{{Short description|Indian sprint athlete}}{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Sufiya Sufi
| birth_date = 1987
| birth_place = Ajmer, Rajasthan
| country = {{IND}}
| sport = Sprint (running)
}}

'''Sufiya Sufi''' (born 1987) is an Indian [[Sprint (running)|sprint]] athlete from Ajmer, Rajasthan. She is the first female runner to complete Manali to Leh Ultramarathon in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=6,000 Km In 110 Days: Delhi Woman Breaks World Record For Golden Quadrilateral Run |url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/sufiya-khan-breaks-world-record-for-golden-quadrilateral-run-2851523 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-28 |title=6,000 km in 110 days—Sufiya Khan sets Ultra run record |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/6000-km-in-110-days-sufiya-khan-sets-ultra-run-record-101648490268448.html |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-12 |title=Ultra-runner Sufiya Sufi keeps going even after breaking 5 Guinness World records |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/ultra-runner-sufiya-sufi-keeps-going-even-after-breaking-5-guinness-world-records/articleshow/103601819.cms |access-date=2023-11-09 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sufiya was born in Ajmer in 1987. Her father died when she was 16, after which she was raised by her single mother.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fatima |first=Sakina |date=2023-01-18 |title=Qatar: Indian ultrarunner Sufiya Khan breaks another Guinness World Record |url=https://www.siasat.com/qatar-indian-ultramarathoner-sufiya-khan-breaks-another-guinness-world-record-2505429/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sufia quit her job in 2017 and embarked on a journey, running all the way from Kashmir to Kanyakumari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukhari |first=Rukaya |date=2019-04-07 |title=Ultra runner Sufiya Khan to run for peace from Kashmir to Kanyakumari |url=https://thebridge.in/marathon/ultra-runner-sufiya-khan-run-peace-kashmir-to-kanyakumari/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Sufiya Khan, first female runner to complete Manali to Leh Ultramarathon |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/women/2021/10/19/sufiya-khan-first-female-runner-manali-leh-ultramarathon.html |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> She accomplished a remarkable 6000 km race, covering four major cities in just 110 days. After that,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-13 |title=The story of Sufiya, India's record breaking long distance runner |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/big-story/the-story-of-sufiya-india-s-record-breaking-long-distance-runner-111618229199924.html |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> Sufia set her sights on covering a distance of approximately 480 km between Manali and Leh. She successfully accomplished this feat in just seven days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Sufiya Khan who ran 6,000 km in 110 days, sets Guinness World Record for golden quadrilateral run |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-meet-sufiya-khan-who-ran-6000-km-in-110-days-sets-guinness-world-record-for-golden-quadrilateral-run-2943008 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultramarathoner {{!}} Sufiya Sufi {{!}} Global Indian |url=https://www.globalindian.com/story/global-indian-exclusive/how-ultramarathoner-sufiya-sufi-runner-is-smashing-the-records-one-run-at-a-time/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=The Global Indian |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Guinness ==
The Guinness Book of World Records, confirmed her as the fastest runner to run across Qatar (north to south), covering a distance of 200 kilometers in 30 hours and 31 minutes.

The [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for Most Marathons Run in a Calendar Year by a Woman, in 2018.

The Manali-Leh stretch on foot. She completed the 485 km distance in 6 days, 12 hours, and 6 minutes, making her the fastest female to cover the distance.

The Guinness record for setting the fastest time by a female to complete the [[Golden Quadrilateral]], a network of highways connecting Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai, in 2021. Sufiya had then covered the 6002-km distance in 110 days, 23 hours, and 24 minutes.

The Guinness record for being the fastest woman to traverse from Kashmir to Kanyakumari in 2019, running the length in 87 days, 2 hours, and 17 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-14 |title=Grit meets passion - How Sufiya Sufi Runner set three Guinness World Records in ultra running |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/grit-meets-passion-how-sufiya-sufi-runner-set-three-guinness-world-records-in-ultra-running-101652499428632.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority Control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sufi, Sufiya}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian runners]]
[[Category:Indian ultramarathon runners]]
[[Category:Guinness World Records holders]]

Chopal Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:22Z

TimDuncan875676: added post...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chopal (Chaupal)
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 60
| map_image = 60-Chopal constituency.svg
| mla = [[Balbir Singh Verma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shimla Lok Sabha constituency|Shimla]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:81782}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
}}
'''Chopal Assembly constituency''' is one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of India. [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chopal]] is also part of [[Shimla Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Chopal Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chopal.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan="2"| Kewal Ram Chauhan
|rowspan="2"|
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|[[Radha Raman Shastri]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Kewal Ram Chauhan
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Yogendra Chandra
|
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|[[Radha Raman Shastri]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|rowspan="2"| Yogendra Chandra
|rowspan="2"|
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Subhash Chand Manglate]]
|rowspan="2"|
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Balbir Singh Verma]]<ref name=election2017/>
|rowspan="3"|
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2022 Election Results |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0860.htm?ac=60 |website=www.results.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=5 March 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305155749/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0860.htm?ac=60 |archivedate=5 March 2023}}</ref>
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh Verma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,873 |percentage=41.58% |change={{decrease}}10.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sh. Rajneesh Kimta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,840 |percentage=33.49% |change={{decrease}}10.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Independent politician |votes=13,706 |percentage=22.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=550 |percentage=0.88% |change={{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sh. Ashok Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=463 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sh. Uday Singhta |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=413 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=382 |percentage=0.61% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,033 |percentage=8.09% |change= {{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,227 |percentage=76.09% |change= {{decrease}}1.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,782 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh Verma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,537 |percentage=52.02% |change={{increase}}42.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,950 |percentage=43.94% |change={{increase}}0.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=498 |percentage=0.88% |change={{decrease}}0.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=452 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh Panwar |party=Independent politician |votes=340 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,587 |percentage=8.08% |change= {{increase}}6.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,783 |percentage=77.63% |change= {{increase}}1.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,147 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}7.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balbir Singh Verma]] |party=Independent politician |votes=22,056 |percentage=44.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,409 |percentage=42.96% |change={{decrease}}9.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Seema |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,747 |percentage=9.52% |change={{decrease}}31.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=740 |percentage=1.48% |change={{decrease}}2.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender Singh |party=Trinamool Congress |votes=465 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramla Devi |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=304 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=647 |percentage=1.30% |change= {{decrease}}9.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,839 |percentage=75.73% |change= {{increase}}3.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,811 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.92 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.00 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,785 |percentage=52.26% |change={{increase}}30.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radha Raman Shastri]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,453 |percentage=41.37% |change={{increase}}23.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,440 |percentage=3.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=547 |percentage=1.38% |change={{decrease}}0.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhanvir Singh Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=531 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,332 |percentage=10.89% |change= {{increase}}4.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,773 |percentage=71.87% |change= {{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,342 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.70 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}24.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=10,910 |percentage=28.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,339 |percentage=21.46% |change={{decrease}}36.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Shashtri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,919 |percentage=17.81% |change={{decrease}}1.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arun Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,646 |percentage=17.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,569 |percentage=11.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=666 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalbir Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=534 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chand |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=269 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,571 |percentage=6.62% |change= {{decrease}}31.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,852 |percentage=78.44% |change= {{increase}}6.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,546 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}30.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,972 |percentage=58.45% |change={{increase}}35.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=6,735 |percentage=20.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radha Raman Shastri]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,276 |percentage=19.33% |change={{increase}}0.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangat Ram Ajata |party=Janata Dal |votes=477 |percentage=1.47% |change={{increase}}0.86 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,237 |percentage=37.70% |change= {{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,460 |percentage=73.10% |change= {{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,157 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.50 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Independent politician |votes=16,796 |percentage=58.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwar Uday Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,490 |percentage=22.56% |change={{decrease}}5.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radha Raman Shastri]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,304 |percentage=18.44% |change={{decrease}}51.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Singh Ghuna |party=Janata Dal |votes=175 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,306 |percentage=35.83% |change= {{decrease}}5.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,765 |percentage=72.81% |change= {{increase}}4.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,787 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}11.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radha Raman Shastri]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,124 |percentage=69.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,027 |percentage=28.55% |change={{decrease}}42.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kripa Ram Thakur Chopali |party=Janata Party |votes=377 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,097 |percentage=41.02% |change= {{decrease}}2.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,616 |percentage=67.81% |change= {{decrease}}7.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,534 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,221 |percentage=71.15% |change={{increase}}13.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Independent politician |votes=6,229 |percentage=27.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhopinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=271 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,992 |percentage=43.83% |change= {{increase}}23.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,797 |percentage=75.05% |change= {{increase}}1.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,648 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.82 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,307 |percentage=57.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radha Raman Shastri]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,013 |percentage=37.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Attar Singh Tahkur |party=Independent politician |votes=598 |percentage=2.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangat Ram Ajata |party=Lokdal |votes=329 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,294 |percentage=20.21% |change= {{decrease}}1.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,247 |percentage=73.53% |change= {{increase}}15.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,238 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.98 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}12.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radha Raman Shastri]] |party=Janata Party |votes=6,466 |percentage=45.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,313 |percentage=23.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,901 |percentage=13.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabla Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,744 |percentage=12.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=307 |percentage=2.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=304 |percentage=2.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Davinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=251 |percentage=1.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,153 |percentage=22.04% |change= {{decrease}}50.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,307 |percentage=57.57% |change= {{increase}}13.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,210 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}37.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,717 |percentage=82.56% |change={{increase}}34.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,035 |percentage=9.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Radha Raman Shastri]] |party=Independent politician |votes=807 |percentage=7.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,682 |percentage=72.75% |change= {{increase}}68.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,559 |percentage=44.24% |change= {{decrease}}14.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,326 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}16.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}30.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chopal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=8,818 |percentage=52.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,139 |percentage=48.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=679 |percentage=4.00% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,957 |percentage=59.66% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,250 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly By-election 1963 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1963 elections in India#Himachal Pradesh|1963 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Chopal}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Mohan Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=Uncontested |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chopal]]
* [[Shimla district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|30.95|77.59|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shimla district]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Randhir

2026-04-15T14:32:10Z

TimDuncan875676: creating a stub!

{{wikt|hi:रनधीर}}
'''Randhir''' is a common Indian male name. It may refer to:
{{tocright}}

==Entertainment==
* [[Randhir (actor)]], Indian character actor in Hindi and Punjabi films from the 1940s to the 1980s
* [[Randhir Kapoor]] (born 1947), Indian actor
* [[Randhir Gattla]], an Indian film actor working in Telugu cinema
* Randhir, fictional villain in the 1980 Indian film ''[[The Burning Train]]'', portrayed by [[Danny Denzongpa]]

==Politics==
* [[Randhir Singh of Bharatpur]] (died 1823), Indian ruler of princely state Bharatpur
* [[Randhir Singh Kapriwas]], member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly
* [[Randhir Prasad]] (died 1980), Indian politician and businessman from Giridih, Bihar
* [[Rana Randhir]], member of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Bihar
* [[Randhir Pralhadrao Savarkar]] (born 1973), member of the 15th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly

==Sports==
* [[Randhir Singh (sport shooter)]] (born 1946), Indian trap and skeet shooter
* [[Randhir Singh Gentle]] (1922–1981), Indian field hockey player
* [[Randhir Singh (cricketer)]] (1957{{ndash}}2023), Indian cricketer

==Other==
* [[Randhir Prasad Verma]] (1952–1991), Indian police officer
* [[Randhir Singh (Sikh)]] (1878–1961), Sikh saint
* [[Randhir Sud]], Indian gastroenterologist
* [[NJSA Government College]], formerly known as Randhir College

==See also==
*[[Randhir Singh (disambiguation)]]
*''[[Ranadheera]]'', a 1998 Indian film

{{Disambiguation}}
[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]

Meghna Mishra

2026-04-08T08:33:50Z

TimDuncan875676: Made Data...

{{Short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Meghna Mishra
| birth_name = Meghna Mishra
| image = Meghna Mishra (2).jpg
| caption = Self-portrait photograph
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|07|23}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| genre =
| occupation = [[Playback Singer]]
| instrument =
| years_active = 2014–present
| label =
}}

'''Meghna Mishra''' is an Indian [[playback singer]], mainly a selected playback singer of music director [[Amit Trivedi]]. She delivered 2 superhit tracks, "[[Nachdi Phira]]" and "[[Main Kaun Hoon]]", in the 2017 film ''[[Secret Superstar]]'' starring [[Zaira Wasim]], [[Meher Vij]] and [[Aamir Khan]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/secret-superstars-musical-discovery-meghna-mishra-says-response-to-film-is-a-dream-come-true-4169377.html|title= Secret Superstar's musical discovery Meghna Mishra says response to film is 'a dream come true'|date= October 26, 2017|work= First Post}}</ref> She won [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] for "Nachdi Phira" at the [[63rd Filmfare Awards]]. The song "Main Kaun Hoon" was picked as one of the best Hindi songs of 2017 by an online portal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/861276/bollywood-in-2017-its-pritams-year-again-but-tanishk-vayu-is-the-talent-to-watch-out-for?_e_pi_=7,PAGE_ID10,4460272804|title=Bollywood in 2017: It's Pritam's year again, but Tanishk-Vayu is the talent to watch out for|first=Devarsi|last=Ghosh|date=22 December 2017 |publisher=}}</ref> The songs were written by [[Kausar Munir]] and composed by [[Amit Trivedi]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://bollyworm.com/exclusive/aamir-khan-introduces-meghna-mishra-main-kaun-hoon-song-launch-event/|title= Aamir Khan introduces Meghna Mishra at Main Kaun Hoon song launch event|date= August 21, 2017|work= Bolly Worm}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{| class= "wikitable"
|-
! | Year
! | Movie
! | Song(s)
! | Music
!Lyrics
!Co-singer(s)
! | Language
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014
| ''[[Kkoli: A Journey of Love]]''
| "Elitin Beletin"
| [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]
|[[Rana Mazumder]]
|Aryan Bhattcharya
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
| ''[[Vitti Dandu]]''
| "Chalaa Kheluya Vitti Daandoo"
| Santosh Mulekar
|Shrirang Godbole
|
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|-
|rowspan="5"|2017
|rowspan="5"|''[[Secret Superstar]]''
| "Main Kaun Hoon"
| rowspan="6" |[[Amit Trivedi]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Kausar Munir]]
|
| rowspan="6" |[[Hindi]]
|-
|"Meri Pyaari Ammi"
|
|-
|"Nachdi Phira"
|
|-
|"Sapne Re"
|
|-
|"O Re Manwa"
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Manmarziyaan]]''
|"Kundali"
|[[Shellee]]
|[[Meenal Jain]], Yashita Sharma, Yashika Sikka, Rani Kaur, Anita Gandharva, Vaishnavi Mishra
|-
|2019
|''[[Tritiya Adhyay]]''
|"Hazar Bochor"
| colspan="2" |Arin
|[[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
|2021
|''[[Pagglait]]''
|"Dil Udd Ja Re"
(Revisited)
|[[Arijit Singh]]
|[[Neelesh Misra]]
|rowspan=2|Arijit Singh
|rowspan=3|[[Hindi]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2026
|rowspan=2|''[[Ek Din]]''
|"Behke Yaar"
|rowspan=2|[[Ram Sampath]]
|rowspan=2|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|-
|"Ek Din (Title Track Female)"
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==

{| width="80%" class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! width="5%" | Year
! width="25%" | Award
! width="30%" | Category
! width="30%" | Nominated Work
! width="10%" | Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="9" align="center" | 2018
| align="center" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |Best Playback Singer (Female)
| align="center" | "Nachdi Phira" (''[[Secret Superstar]]'')
| {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018-complete-winners-list/articleshow/62582673.cms |title=63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018: Complete winners' list | date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=28 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" | "Main Kaun Hoon" (''[[Secret Superstar]]'')
| {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2018/winners/ |title=Zee Cine Awards 2018 - Winners |publisher=[[Zee Cine Awards]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3"| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]
| rowspan="3"| Upcoming Female Vocalist of the year
| {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/winners/ |title=Mirchi Music Awards 2017 Winners |publisher=Mirchi Music Awards}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/ |title=Mirchi Music Awards 2017 Nominations |publisher=Mirchi Music Awards}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| "Meri Pyaari Ammi" (''[[Secret Superstar]]'')
|rowspan="2" {{nom}}
|-
| align="center"| "Nachdi Phira" (''[[Secret Superstar]]'')
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2"| Bollywood Film Journalistic Awards
|rowspan="4"| Best Playback Singer (Female)
| align="center" | "Main Kaun Hoon" (''[[Secret Superstar]]'')
| rowspan="4" {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://powerbrands360.com/power-brands-awards.html |title=List of Power Brands Bollywood Award Winners |publisher=Power Brands}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2"| "Nachdi Phira" (''[[Secret Superstar]]'')
|-
| align="center"| News18 Reel Movie Awards
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/reel-movie-awards-2018/behind-the-scenes-awards/ |title=News18 Reel Movie Awards 2017 |publisher=[[News18]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[IIFA Awards]]
| align="center" | "Main Kaun Hoon" (''[[Secret Superstar]]'')
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iifa.com/awards2018 |title=IIFA Awards 2018 Winners |publisher=[[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA]]}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm9369799}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleSinger}}
{{IIFAAwardBestFemalePlaybackSinger}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Meghna}}
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]

Subhadra Yojana

2026-04-07T19:20:26Z

TimDuncan875676: Adding some data needs work

{{Short description|Women-centric welfare scheme in Odisha, India}}
{{Promotional|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox project
| title =
| image = Subhadra-icon.webp
| caption = Launched by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on September 17, 2024, in Odisha
| date_established =
| country = [[India]]
| budget = ₹55,825 crore (2024–2029)
| ministry = Ministry of Women and Child Development
| key_people = [[Narendra Modi]] (Prime Minister),
[[Mohan Charan Majhi]] (Chief Minister of Odisha)
| status =
| website = {{url|https://subhadra.odisha.gov.in/}}
|projectname=
|name=Subhadra Yojana
|launch_date=September 17, 2024
|launch_place=[[Odisha]]
|current_status=On going}}

'''Subhadra Yojana''' (introduced 17 September 2024) is a women-centric welfare scheme launched by the [[Government of Odisha]] aiming on empowering women aged 21 to 60 years by providing direct financial assistance. The initiative, inaugurated by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]], intends to benefit over 1 crore women across the state of [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-17 |title=PM Modi launches Odisha's flagship Subhadra Scheme, projects over Rs 3800 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-launches-odishas-flagship-subhadra-scheme-projects-over-rs-3800-crore/articleshow/113417598.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-09-17 |title=PM Modi launches Subhadra, Odisha's financial assistance scheme for women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/pm-modi-to-launch-subhadra-yojana-railway-highway-projects-in-odisha/article68650508.ece |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-09-17 |title=Modi to fulfil BJP's big promise with Subhadra rollout today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2024/Sep/17/modi-to-fulfil-bjps-big-promise-with-subhadra-rollout-today |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Objective ==
The main objective of the Subhadra Yojana is to provide financial assistance to women from economically weaker sections, thereby promoting economic empowerment. Women eligible under the scheme will receive ₹50,000 over a five-year period, starting from the fiscal year 2024–25. The funds are transferred directly into Aadhaar-linked bank accounts through two annual instalments of ₹5,000, disbursed on [[Raksha Bandhan]] and [[International Women's Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=Subhadra Yojana: PM Modi launches Subhadra Yojana. Check installment amount, eligibility, benefits, registration details |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/personal-finance/news/story/subhadra-yojana-odisha-pm-modi-launches-subhadra-yojana-check-installment-amount-eligibility-benefits-registration-details-446280-2024-09-17 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=PM Modi launches Odisha govt's 'Subhadra' scheme, railway, NH projects worth over Rs 3,800 cr |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/odisha/pm-modi-launches-odisha-govts-subhadra-scheme-railway-nh-projects-worth-over-rs-3800-cr-3193991 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-16 |title=Govt tests Subhadra transaction with ₹1 transfer to accounts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-government-tests-subhadra-scheme-with-1-transfer-to-beneficiaries/articleshow/113376831.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Key features ==
* '''Eligibility''': Women aged between 21 and 60 years who belong to economically weaker sections. Government employees, income-tax payers, and women receiving more than ₹1,500 per month under other government schemes are ineligible.
* '''Installments''': Each eligible woman will receive ₹10,000 annually in two instalments of ₹5,000.
* '''Duration''': The scheme is planned for five years (2024–2029).
* '''Registration''': The registration for the scheme began on September 1, 2024, with over 50 lakh women already registered as beneficiaries. There is no deadline for registration, ensuring maximum participation.
* '''Incentives''': The top 100 beneficiaries in each gram panchayat and urban area with the highest digital transactions will receive an additional ₹500.
* '''Debit Card''': Beneficiaries are provided with a "Subhadra Debit Card" to facilitate seamless transactions.

== Implementation ==
The government aims to leverage the [[JAM Yojana|JAM trinity]] (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) to ensure efficient delivery of the funds. Beneficiaries must complete e-KYC to qualify for the scheme. As of September 17, 2024, ₹1,250 crore was transferred to over 25 lakh registered women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi Launches Subhadra Yojana, Railway, Highway Projects In Odisha |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-in-odisha-pm-narendra-modi-to-launch-subhadra-yojana-railway-highway-projects-in-odisha-6582585 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi launches flagship women empowerment scheme 'SUBHADRA' in Odisha |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/index.php/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1227299 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Political and economic impact ==
Subhadra Yojana was a key promise in the BJP's 2024 election manifesto in [[Odisha]]. The scheme, named after [[Devi Subhadra]], sister of [[Lord Jagannath]], holds cultural significance in the state. It also serves as a direct counter to the BJD's [[Mission Shakti]] program.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=PM Modi Unveils Projects Worth Over Rs 3,800 Crore, Launches Odisha's Subhadra Scheme |url=https://www.news18.com/india/pm-modi-unveils-projects-worth-over-rs-3800-crore-launches-odishas-subhadra-scheme-9054283.html |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

Economists suggest that the scheme, with a budget of ₹55,825 crore, will generate a multiplier effect, potentially contributing ₹2.5 lakh crore to Odisha's economy over the next five years.

== Subhadra Yojana – Key Statistics (2024–2026) ==

=== Budget & Financial Allocation ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Indicator
!Value
!Period
|-
|Total Outlay
|₹55,825 crore
|2024–29 (5-year period)
|-
|Budget Allocation
|₹8,570 crore
|2024–25 (Revised Estimate)
|-
|Budget Allocation
|₹10,145.20 crore
|2025–26 (Budget Estimate)
|-
|Budget Growth (YoY)
| +18.85%
|2024–25 to 2025–26
|}
----

=== Beneficiary & Disbursement Data ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Phase / Indicator
!Beneficiaries
!Amount Disbursed
|-
|Phase I
|25 lakh women
|₹1,250 crore
|-
|Phase II
|39 lakh women
|₹1,950 crore
|-
|Phase III
|20 lakh women
|₹1,000 crore
|-
|Phase IV
|18 lakh women
|₹900 crore
|-
|Phase V
|2.3 lakh women
|₹115+ crore
|-
|Second Installment (8 March 2025)
|~1 crore women
|₹5,000 crore
|}
----

=== Application & Coverage Data ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Indicator
!Value
|-
|Total Applications (by Nov 2024)
|1.06 crore
|-
|District Coverage
|30 districts (Odisha)
|-
|Verification-based Exclusions
|~2 lakh applicants
|-
|Helpline Operational Hours
|6 AM – 10 PM
|}
----

=== Eligibility Parameters ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Parameter
!Requirement
|-
|Age Range
|21–60 years
|-
|Income Ceiling
|₹2.5 lakh annual family income
|-
|Transfer Mode
|Aadhaar-linked Direct Bank Transfer
|-
|Exclusion Criteria
|Govt benefit ≥ ₹1,500/month; income tax payers; four-wheeler owners
|-
|Digital Incentive Bonus
|₹500 (top-performing beneficiaries)
|}

== See also ==
* [[Direct Benefit Transfer]]
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* [[List of schemes of the government of Odisha]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.odisha.gov.in/ Subhadra Yojana Official Website]
* [https://finance.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-03/Gender%20Budget%202025-26%20V8_0.pdf Finance.odisha.gov.in]

[[Category:Women in India]]
[[Category:2024 in India]]
[[Category:Government of Odisha|Schemes]]

{{India-poli-stub}}

Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple

2026-04-07T09:03:58Z

TimDuncan875676: Adding new place v1

{{Short description|Vishnu temple in Tirunelveli}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar Temple
| image = Thirukarungudi temple.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|8|26|09|N|77|33|58|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
| location = [[Thirukkurungudi]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Vaishnava Nambi ([[Vishnu]])
Neela Devi ([[Lakshmi]])
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar Temple''' in [[Thirukkurungudi]], a village in [[Tirunelveli district]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Vishnu]]. It is located 45 km from [[Tirunelveli]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Vaishnava Nambi and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Thirukurungudivalli.<ref>{{cite book|title=108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu|last= M. S. |first=Ramesh|publisher= Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam|year=1993}}.</ref> The temple is locally referred as [[Vaikuntha|Dakshina Vaikuntam]], the holy abode of Vishnu.

A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and two of its three bodies of water. The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower, is {{convert|110|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall. Vaishnava Nambi is believed to have appeared to slay the [[asura]] Somuka who abducted the four ''[[Vedas]]''. The temple follows [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] tradition of worship. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the ten-day annual Brahmotsavam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chittirai'' (April - May) and Brahmotsavam during the month of ''Chittirai'', being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Thirukkurungudi Temple.png|250px|left|thumb|Image of the temple tower]]
As per accounts in the ''[[Varaha Purana]]'', a treatise of [[Varaha]], an avatar of Vishnu, Varaha preferred to stay at this place with his consort [[Varahi]] in a small form and hence came to be known as Thirkurungudi (literally meaning a small house).

As per a Hindu legend, Nambaduvan, a peasant and singer (locally called ''panan'') from lower section of the society, was an ardent devotee of Vishnu. On account of his low life, he never entered the temple and worshipped from outside. While walking towards the temple one day, he was stopped by an asura. He sang the verses which he set for the presiding deity to him. He also assured the asura that he will come back from the temple when the asura can consume him. Nambi, the presiding deity was pleased by his devotion and appeared outside the temple. While returning, Nambi appeared as a [[Brahmin]] and tried to convince him to escape the asura. But Nambudavan was staunch and wanted to be true to his promise. The asura was pleased by the songs and said it did not want to consume him anymore. It is believed that the asura was a Brahmin who was cursed during his previous birth as he was not sincere doing his penance. He was relieved off his curse listening to the songs of Nambaduvan.<ref name=hindu1/>

It is also said that [[Nammalwar]], who was born in [[Azhwar Thirunagari]], was a reincarnation of this deity.

==Architecture==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 400
| width1 = 600 | height1 = 450
| width2 = 442 | height2 = 408
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Nambi.jpg
|caption1=Image of festival deities
|image2=Nammazhwar.jpg
|caption2=Image of Nammazhwar
}}
Vaishnava Nambi temple is located in [[Thirukkurungudi]], a village in [[Tirunelveli district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Tirunelveli]] and {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Nanguneri]]. The temple has a flat entrance tower and a five-tiered ''[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower). The temple has five ''[[prakarams]]'', closed precincts of a temple and all the shrines are enclosed in the first two enclosures.<ref>''Tourist Guide to South India ''.Various authors. Page 117.</ref><ref name=M>{{cite book|title=15 Vaishnava Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=M.|first=Rajagopalan|pages=129–143|publisher=Govindaswamy Printers|location=Chennai, India|year=1993}}</ref> The temple occupies around {{convert|18.5|acre|ha|abbr=on|order=flip}}. There are a number of halls, that have sculpted pillars from the [[Nayak dynasty|Nayak period]].<ref name=hindu1/> There is a festival hall in the second precinct in the temple facing South that has sculpted pillars indicating various Hindu legends. The most notable of them being a legend of ''[[Mahabharata]]'' where [[Bhima]] attacks a lion legged person with his club.<ref>{{cite journal|title='Expanding Form': The Architectural Sculpture of the South Indian Temple, ca. 1500-1700|page=237|first=Crispin |last=Branfoot|volume=62|issue=2|year=2002|journal=Artibus Asiae|publisher=Artibus Asiae Publishers|doi=10.2307/3250266|jstor=3250266}}</ref> The composite columns of [[Virabhadra]] holding sword and horn are found be additions of the Vijayanayagara kings during the early 1500s. Similar columns of Virabhadra are found in [[Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari|Adikesava Perumal Temple]] at Thiruvattaru, [[Meenakshi Temple]] at [[Madurai]], [[Nellaiappar Temple]] at [[Tirunelveli]], [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]] at [[Tenkasi]], [[Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple]], [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] at [[Rameswaram]], [[Soundararajaperumal temple, Thadikombu|Soundararajaperumal temple]] at [[Thadikombu]], [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]], [[Srivaikuntanathan Permual temple]] at [[Srivaikuntam]] and [[Tirupperunturai|Avudayarkovil]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India|jstor=20619601|last=Branfoot|first=Crispin |journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=90|issue=2|date=1 June 2008|page=186|publisher=College Art Association|doi=10.1080/00043079.2008.10786389|s2cid=154135978}}</ref>

In [[Tamil language]] the word Nambi means personification of all virtuous and righteous qualities blended with beauty and grace. There are five Nambis in this Kshetram. They are Ninra Nambi (Standing posture), Irundha Nambi (Sitting posture), Kidandha Nambi (Sleeping posture), Thiruparkadal Nambi and Thirumalai Nambi. Thiruparkadal Nambi Temple is located near to the River Nambiyaru, one km from the main temple. Thirumalai Nambi Temple is on the hills (Mahendragiri Mountain) 8 km from the main temple.<ref name=R/>

==Digital Preservation==
In August 2023, the temple was the subject of a digital preservation project. A Matterport Pro2 3D scanner was used to create a detailed digital record of the temple's art and architecture.

[[File:Rajagopuram of Azhagiya Nambi Rayar Temple, Thirukurungudi.jpg|thumb|right|A 3D scanner positioned to capture the main ''rajagopuram'' (tower).]]

==History==
[[File:Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple.jpg|right|thumb|Temple tower]]
The temple has inscriptions from the 10th century during the [[Medieval Chola]] period indicating grants to the temple in the form of sheep. Another inscription from the 14th century is attributed to Sundara Pandya II indicating gifts of 25 cows for the perpetual lighting of ghee lamps in the temple. There are also inscriptions from the same regime indicating gift of lands to the temple. The Nayak period during the 15th century saw lot of additions to the temple complex in terms of pillared halls.<ref name=hindu1/> The inscriptions on the southern wall of the hall dated 1059 indicates excavation of a channel with dams. There are similar inscriptions on the northern wall indicating repairs made to the same dam. There are two unreadable inscriptions on two pillars of the temple. There are three copper plate inscriptions in the temple dated 1456, 1537 and 1592 indicating grants from Sabala Veera Chandra Ramavarma Maharaja, Vittala Raya of [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara Empire]] and Vira Vasantha Venkatadeva Maharaja respectively indicating several grants to the temple.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Presidency of Madras, Volume 1|page=315|first=Robert |last=Sewell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QswOAAAAQAAJ&q=nanguneri+temple&pg=PA315|publisher=E. Keys, at the Government Press|year=1882}}</ref>

==Religious significance==
[[File:Temple priest11.jpg|250px|thumb|Image of the temple priests carrying the image of festival deity]]
The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Periyalvar]], [[Nammazhwar|Nammalvar]], [[Thirumangai Azhwar|Thirumangai Alvar]] and [[Thirumalisai Alvar]]. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the temple finds mention in several works like ''108 Tirupathi Anthathi'' by Divya Kavi Pillai Perumal Aiyangar. It is believed that Thirumangai Alvar spent his last days in this place and attained [[Moksha]]. The place is thus referred as Dakshina Vaikuntam, the ultimate destination of [[Vaishnavite]]s. A tradition of worshipping Vishnu through dance, music and art is called Kaisika Nataka is believed to have originated at Thirukkurungudi. A festival called Kaisika Ekadasi held at the temple every year. The local belief is that the devotees practising Kaisika Vratha or witnessing the performance would attain Moksha. Arayar Sevai, another form of worshipping Vishnu is also believed to have originated in this place. As per legend, the practise was established by [[Nathamuni]], who was practising with his fellow mates and Vishnu was hiding in the South Mada street and enjoying the performance. Vishnu is also called as ''Gana Priyan'', the one who enjoys music.<ref name=hindu1>{{cite news|title=How to reach Thirukkurungudi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/how-to-reach-thirukkurungudi/article3716893.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 August 2012|access-date=25 October 2015|last=S.|first=Prabhu}}</ref> It is believed that [[Ramanuja]], the proponent of [[Sri Vaishnavism|Vaishavadvaita]] philosophy taught Vishnu about Astakshara and hence the presiding deity came to be known as Vaishnava Nambi.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=479–81}}</ref>

[[File:Thirukurungkudi Temple Elephant.jpg|thumb|Thirukkurungudi temple elephant]]

==Festival==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
|total_width=300
|width1=1920| height1=2560
|width2=1920| height2=2560
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Thirukkurungudi4.jpg
|image2=Thirukkurungudi5.jpg
|footer=Images of Vishnu's avatar [[Narasimha]] slaying [[Hiranyakashipu]]
}}
The ''Chittirai utsavam''(festival) in the month of Chittirai (April - May), Vaikasi Jestabishekam during June, Aavani Pavithrotsavam during ''Aavani'' (August - September), Float festival during ''Thai'' (January - February) and Brahmostavam during March–April are the major festivals in the temple.

The temple follows the traditions of the [[Thenkalai]] sect of Vaishnavite tradition and follows ''Vaikanasa aagama''. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day: ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungaivalli. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Azhagia Nambirayar temple
|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=194|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamilvedham.org/index.php?r=site/thivyadesam&username=&thivyadesam_id=89|title=Divyadesa Paasurangal - Thirukurungudi|language=Tamil|accessdate=4 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907035557/http://www.tamilvedham.org/index.php?r=site/thivyadesam&username=&thivyadesam_id=89|archivedate=7 September 2022}}
{{commons category|Thirukkurungudi}}
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tirunelveli district]]

Mahesh Chandra Tripathi

2026-04-05T17:37:58Z

TimDuncan875676: Made A Entry

{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1966)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mahesh Chandra Tripathi
| office = [[Judge]] of [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start = 27 September 2013
| term_end =
| appointer =
| nominator =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|6|21|df=y}}
| honorific_prefix = The Hon. Justice
| image =
| caption =
| preceded =
| alma_mater = Lucknow University
| website =
}}

'''Mahesh Chandra Tripathi''' (born 21 June 1966) is an Indian [[judge]], currently serving on the [[Allahabad High Court]] in the [[Indian state|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=High Court of Judicature at Allahabad|url=https://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/service/judgeDetail.jsp?id=201 |website=Allahabadhighcourt.in}}</ref>

==Life==

Tripathi pursued a law degree from [[Lucknow University]] (1990) and enrolled as an Advocate on 11 January 1992. He majorly practiced on the Civil side. He served as the Additional Chief Standing Counsel, State of Uttar Pradesh and was the counsel for Kanpur Nagar Nigam, [[Kanpur Development Authority]], Agra Development Authority, Uttar Pradesh Food and Essential Commodities Corporation Limited (UPSFECC), Moradabad Development Authority and [[Kumaun University]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

He was appointed as Additional Judge of Allahabad High Court on 27 September 2013 and took oath as Permanent Judge on 10 April 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Judge Profile |url=
https://www.cdjlawjournal.com/judge-profile1.php?id=947&cid=14|website=CDJ Law Journal}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahesh Chandra Tripathi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Haj Committee of India

2026-03-27T20:10:56Z

TimDuncan875676: small reworked article and updated info

{{Short description|Government agency}}
[[File:Indie_2006.png | thumb | right]]
'''Haj Committee of India''' (also known as '''Central Haj Committee (CHC)'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Functions of Haj Committee of India|url=http://www.hajcommittee.gov.in/functions.aspx|website=www.hajcommittee.gov.in|accessdate=5 November 2016|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421002629/http://hajcommittee.gov.in/functions.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>) is a statutory body of the Indian government which organises [[Haj|Islamic pilgrimage]] to [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Haj panel in row over 'arranging' qurbani|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Haj-panel-in-row-over-arranging-qurbani/articleshow/47350727.cms|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=The Times of India|date=20 May 2015}}</ref> It was established under ''Haj Committee Act'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi High Court upholds election of Kidwai as Haj Committee Chairperson|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2120095121.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912170034/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2120095121.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2018|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=Hindustan Times|date=25 August 2010|url-access= }}</ref> The committee acts as a nodal agency for state Haj committees and has 23 members, of which six are elected by state Haj committees, four are ex-official, three are [[member of parliament|MP]]s, seven are nominated by the [[Indian government|central government]] and the rest come from the state which sends the largest number of pilgrims to Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite news|title=No member from Maharashtra in Central Haj Committee|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/No-member-from-Maharashtra-in-Central-Haj-Committee/articleshow/17960921.cms|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=The Times of India|date=10 January 2013}}</ref> Saudi Arabia granted India a quota of 136,200 pilgrims in 2016, out of which 1,00,200 pilgrims' travel was said to have been arranged by the Haj committee. The committee distributes the allotted quota state-wise based on Muslim population density, according to the [[Census of India, 2011|2011 census]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India gets quota of 136,020 pilgrims for Haj|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/india-gets-quota-of-136-020-pilgrims-for-haj/story-41a4vO7WMBXg9pp6wnYJmM.html|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=Hindustan Times|date=11 March 2016}}</ref>

The tradition of arranging religious pilgrimages by the Haj committee is traced back to 1927. The committee organised pilgrimages through sea-route and was headed by the [[Police Commissioner of Bombay]] D. Healy. The first meeting of the committee was held on 14 April 1927.<ref>{{cite news|title=Congress leader Ahmed Patel appointments in Haj committee|url=http://www.vishwagujarat.com/gujarat/congress-leader-ahmed-patel-appointments-in-haj-committee/|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=Vishwa Gujarat|date=29 July 2015}}</ref> Prior to ''2002 Haj Committee Act'', the first attempt to grant legal recognition to the committee was made by the [[British raj|British]] which passed ''Port Haj Committees Act'' in 1932 and later in 1959, when ''Haj Committee Act'' was passed by the [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]]-headed Government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meaning of secularism|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/01/30/stories/13300612.htm|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 January 2001}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Nizam's Rubath accommodation==
The [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad]] had bought a big house for Hajj pilgrims from homeland to stay for free during their visit to [[Mecca]]. The government of [[Telangana]] performs a draw contest to choose the lucky winners who get to stay in the Rubath (free accommodation).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telanganastatehajcommittee.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/new6__e0.gif |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-31 |archive-date=2018-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901003749/http://www.telanganastatehajcommittee.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/new6__e0.gif |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=20 Pilgrims Selected from Nizam Royal Family |url=http://www.hrubath.org|website=hrubath.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rubat facility for Haj pilgrims from Telangana State |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20140824/2447013.html |accessdate=31 August 2018 |publisher=webindia123 |archive-date=18 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518065430/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20140824/2447013.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Originally, there were 42 buildings, but only a couple are left after the expansion of the grand mosque of [[Mecca]].

==See also==
* [[Haj subsidy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* {{Cite journal |last=Bianchi |first=Robert |date=2017-03-24 |title=Reimagining the Hajj |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/6/2/36 |journal=Social Sciences |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=36 |doi=10.3390/socsci6020036 |doi-access=free|issn=2076-0760}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://hajcommittee.gov.in/}}
* [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1912/1/A2002-35.pdf Haj Committee Act, 2002]

[[Category:Hajj pilgrimage from India]]
[[Category:Government organizations related to the Hajj]]

Harris Jayaraj

2026-03-25T23:38:13Z

TimDuncan875676: reworked lead after review

{{Short description|Indian music composer (born 1975)}}
{{Unbalanced|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Harris Jayaraj
| image = Harris Jayaraj at Gethu Audio Launch (cropped).jpg
| caption = Harris at Gethu Audio Launch
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|01|08}}
| birth_place = [[Madras, Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Composer]]|[[music producer]]|[[songwriter]]|[[musician]] [[keyboardist]]|[[guitarist]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Suma Jayaraj|18 October 1999}}
| children = 2
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| years_active = 2001–present
| genre = [[Film score]], [[World Music]], [[Soundtrack]]
| instrument = [[Guitar]], [[Synthesizer]], [[Piano]], [[Percussion]], [[Electronic keyboard|Keyboard]]
| origin = [[Madras, Tamil Nadu]], India
| label = {{hlist|[[Sony Music India]]||[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]||[[Think Music India]]|[[Divo (Record Label)|Divo]]|[[Ayngaran International|Ayngaran]]|[[Junglee Music|Junglee]]|[[Aditya Music|Aditya]]|[[Zee Music Company|Zee]]|[[Saregama]]}}
}}
}}

'''Harris Jayaraj''' (born 8 January 1975) is an Indian composer from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He composes soundtracks predominantly for [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films, and has also composed for a few films in [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu]]. He has also worked on a few [[Hindi]] films that were remakes of his Tamil films.

He has been honoured with [[Kalaimamani]] Award from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/25/stories/2009022560211000.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227083854/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/25/stories/2009022560211000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 February 2009 |title=Tamil Nadu News : 70 artists get Kalaimamani awards |date=25 February 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref> and the [[List of lifetime achievement awards|Life Time Achievement Award]] from [[Konijeti Rosaiah]], the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Award for Harris Jayaraj">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/award-for-harris-jayaraj/article6810102.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404142837/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/award-for-harris-jayaraj/article6810102.ece |title=Award for Harris Jayaraj |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-date=4 April 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=25 January 2015 |access-date=2015-01-22 }}</ref> Since 2001, he has won 6 [[Filmfare Awards South]] and received 20 [[Filmfare Awards South]] nominations. He has also won 6 [[Mirchi Music Awards]], 5 [[Vijay Awards]], 4 [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], 3 [[International Tamil Film Awards]] and [[Big FM (Indian radio station)|Big FM]] Awards. In 2019, he was bestowed with the Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute [[Doctor of Letters|Honorary Doctorate of Letters]] for his significant contributions to [[Music of Tamil Nadu|Tamil cinema music]].<ref name="indiaglitz.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/harris-jayaraj-doctorate-drmgr-educational-and-research-institute-a-r-rahman-wishing-tamil-news-246306|title=Harris Jayaraj conferred Doctorate - A.R.Rahman and other celebs applaud - Tamil News|date=21 October 2019|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021045743/https://www.indiaglitz.com/harris-jayaraj-doctorate-drmgr-educational-and-research-institute-a-r-rahman-wishing-tamil-news-246306|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
Harris Jayaraj was born and brought up in [[Chennai]] to [[Tamils|Tamil]] parents. His father hails from a Christian family and his mother from a [[Hindu]] family.<ref name=S.M.Jayakumar>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j356LX3v3D4 |url-status=bot: unknown |title=God is Good கர்த்தர் நல்லவர் Episode 105 Dr. S.M. Jayakumar |publisher=Angel TV |via=[[YouTube]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703163829/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j356LX3v3D4 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022 }}</ref> He studied at Krishnaswamy Matric School. At age six, Harris began his formal training in [[carnatic music]].<ref name=HJcareer>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/01/stories/2007060151990100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603175658/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/01/stories/2007060151990100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 June 2007 |title=Friday Review Chennai : From 'Minnalae' to 'Unnalae...' |date=1 June 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-08-28}}</ref> His father, S. M. Jayakumar, was a noted film guitarist and had frequently collaborated with [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[A. L. Raghavan]], [[M.S.Viswanathan]], [[Soolamangalam Sisters]], [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Shankar Ganesh]], [[S.P.Balasubramaniam]], [[K. V. Mahadevan]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], [[Jikki]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]], [[P.Susheela]] and [[Cinema of Kerala|Malayalam]] music director [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]].<ref name=S.M.Jayakumar /><ref name=HJfame /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/harrisjayarajofficial/photos/pb.100044173162284.-2207520000../3382331021804029/|title=Harris Jayaraj about S.P.Balasubramaniyam|via=facebook|date=27 September 2020|access-date=2022-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222150851/https://www.facebook.com/harrisjayarajofficial/photos/pb.100044173162284.-2207520000../3382331021804029/|archive-date=22 December 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Following two distressing bomb blast incidents he became more religiously inclined and young Harris had to take over the family responsibility.<ref name=HJfame /> His father wanted him to become a guitarist and made him learn [[classical guitar]] from Mr. A. Abdul Sattar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3ZWqBMJ8dQ | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211118/_3ZWqBMJ8dQ| archive-date=2021-11-18 | url-status=live| title=Harris Jayaraj interview on OK OK |publisher=Nickhilschannel |date=12 March 2012 | access-date=2012-03-16}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Harris scored the highest mark in Asia on his 4th grade exam of [[Trinity College of Music]], [[London]].<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hf6GBnGMB2I | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211118/hf6GBnGMB2I| archive-date=2021-11-18 | url-status=live|title=Harris on the edge oru Munnotam|via=[[YouTube]]|access-date= 2012-02-17}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He started his music career as a guitarist under M. S. Viswanathan's assistant Joseph Krishna for a Malayalam film and he was paid ₹200.<ref name=hjinterviewbw>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/music-director/harris-jayaraj.html |title=Interview with Music Director Harris Jayaraj |website=Behindwoods.com |date=21 January 2009 |access-date=2011-08-28 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060535/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/music-director/harris-jayaraj.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUJj9qt9R14|title=
“Rejected 10 Vijay Films & Got Scolded for Buying Instruments” - The SS Podcast ft. Harris Jayaraj|time=4:00-5:34|work=[[SS Music]]|via=YouTube|date=12 March 2025|access-date=2 January 2026}}</ref> Harris could pursue his academics only up to High School, by then he always had problem with his attendance due to his recording sessions.<ref name=HJfame /> Having been trained in [[classical guitar]], Harris completed Grade VIII exams conducted by the Trinity College, London.<ref name=HJfame /> Later he started playing [[Electronic keyboard|keyboard]] and developed interest over [[synthesizers]].<ref name=HJame /> For this there was no tutor.<ref name=HJcareer /> He then started programming with his [[Roland Corporation|Roland MC-500]] and went on to work as a [[Programming (music)|programmer]] under more than twenty five music directors in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Oriya Language|Oriya]] working in more than 600 projects till the year 2000.<ref name=hjinterviewbw /><ref name=hj600 /><ref name=HJame>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsrwYeAPcVk | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211118/IsrwYeAPcVk| archive-date=2021-11-18 | url-status=live|title=Harris on ame |publisher=audiomediaedu |date=22 January 2012 |access-date=2012-03-16 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> Until 2000, he worked under noted composers including [[Raj–Koti]], [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Mani Sharma]], [[Karthik Raja]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Sirpy]], [[Suresh Peters]], [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]], [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]], [[Ouseppachan]], [[Adithyan]], [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] and Bala Bharathi.<ref name=hjinterviewbw /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pradeep|first=K.|date=2016-04-28|title=Music, his driving force|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/composer-ouseppachan-on-his-threedecadelong-journey-in-mollywood/article8528482.ece|access-date=2022-01-21|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121181208/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/composer-ouseppachan-on-his-threedecadelong-journey-in-mollywood/article8528482.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exelweb.com/tollywood/music-directors/1267/harris-jayaraj.html |title=Harris Jayaraj | Harris Jayaraj Movies List |publisher=Exelweb.com |access-date=2011-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320055205/http://www.exelweb.com/tollywood/music-directors/1267/harris-jayaraj.html |archive-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=hj600>{{cite video|via=[[YouTube]]|publisher=BehindwoodsTV|access-date=2019-11-25|title=600 Films before Minnale, For Rs.200 Salary as Musician|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05MErjM-OsA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807071420/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05MErjM-OsA|archive-date=7 August 2022|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> In his early years as a musician, Harris has worked in movie [[soundtrack]]s and [[film score]]s of various popular movies including ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'', ''[[Seevalaperi Pandi]]'', ''[[Asuran (1995 film)|Asuran]]'', '' [[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'', ''[[Aravindhan]]'', ''[[Ullaasam]]'', ''[[Ratchagan]]'', ''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]'', ''[[Padayappa]]'', ''[[Poovellam Kettuppar]]'', ''[[Mudhalvan]]'', ''[[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|Taj Mahal]]'', ''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]'' and ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]''.<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8mhh_JN3No|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807085508/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8mhh_JN3No&gl=US&hl=en|archive-date=7 August 2022|url-status=bot: unknown|title=பகல் ல TELUGU - NIGHT ல தமிழ் Harris Jayaraj & GVM Exclusive on Dhruva Natchatiram by Mirchi Jawi|publisher=Mirchi Tamil|via=[[YouTube]]|access-date=2020-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/Jharrisjayaraj/status/1533737175241613312 |title=Harris Jayaraj about Chakku Chakku Vathikuchi |via=twitter |date=6 June 2022 |access-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220807090823/https://twitter.com/Jharrisjayaraj/status/1533737175241613312 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hj600" /> While working as an additional programmer under A. R. Rahman, he composed music for various television commercials including a [[Coca-Cola]] commercial featuring actor [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]].<ref name=HJfame>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/25/stories/2002102501150300.htm |title=The Hindu : Fame on a platter |publisher=Thehindujobs.com |date=25 October 2002 |access-date=2011-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205064444/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/25/stories/2002102501150300.htm |archive-date=5 February 2010 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> In his early years, he admired music composers M. S. Viswanathan, [[Ennio Morricone]], A. R. Rahman, [[Salil Chowdhury]], and [[Hans Zimmer]].<ref name=hjinterviewbw /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Jharrisjayaraj/status/1280189307597324289|title=Harris Jayaraj about Ennio Morricone|via=twitter|date=6 July 2020|access-date=2022-08-07|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220807100812/https://twitter.com/Jharrisjayaraj/status/1280189307597324289|archive-date=7 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=HJcareer />

==Film career==

Harris debuted as a composer with [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s ''[[Minnale]]''. The album was well received, particularly the song ''Vaseegara'' sung by [[Bombay Jayashri]] was exceptionally popular.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/35778.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110112757/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/35778.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2008 |title=A special birthday for Harris – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/07/03/stories/2009070350451600.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105012508/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/07/03/stories/2009070350451600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2012 |title=Cinema Plus / Columns : My First break |date=3 July 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> He received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil]] for his work in ''Minnale'', breaking the 9 years continuous record of A. R. Rahman. The following soundtrack albums ''[[12B]]'' and ''[[Majunu]]'' met with high acclaim and praise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hindu.com/2001/10/05/stories/09050227.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204000715/http://hindu.com/2001/10/05/stories/09050227.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 February 2014 |title=First in many ways |date=5 October 2001 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> He also composed for the [[Hindi language|Hindi]] remake of ''[[Minnale]]'' titled ''[[Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein]]'', also directed by Gautham Menon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News39/16-12-05/harris.html |title=Tamil movies : Harris Jayaraj all set to break the Hindi jinx |website=Behindwoods.com |date=16 December 2005 |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201170500/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News39/16-12-05/harris.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/audiolisting/6838/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218050245/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/audiolisting/6838/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 February 2009 |title=Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein : Soundtrack listing and details |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=18 October 2001 |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> Most of the tunes from the Tamil version were retained in the Hindi version too, and only two fresh tunes were composed. He then worked in ''[[Lesa Lesa]]'' directed by [[Priyadarshan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301320201.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030730120131/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/23/stories/2003052301320201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2003 |title=Lesa Lesa |date=23 May 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> The title track of ''[[Lesa Lesa]]'' was the first song in India to be released as a single prior to a film soundtrack album release.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/25/stories/2002102501150300.htm |title=The Hindu : Fame on a platter |publisher=Thehindujobs.com |date=25 October 2002 |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205064444/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/25/stories/2002102501150300.htm |archive-date=5 February 2010 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Harris made his debut in [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu cinema]] with ''[[Vasu (film)|Vasu]]''. He received the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil, [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director]] and [[ITFA Best Music Director Award]] for ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'', starring [[Suriya (actor)|Suriya]] and [[Jyothika]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/2009/10/02211011/Suriya-Bollywood8217s-hott.html |title=Suriya: Bollywood's hottest six-pack – Culture |publisher=livemint.com |date=2 October 2009 |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=7 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007115905/http://www.livemint.com/2009/10/02211011/Suriya-Bollywood8217s-hott.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This film directed by [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] was a huge commercial success and the songs met with great critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web |author=Baradwaj Rangan |url=http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2011/02/12/between-reviews-shooting-from-the-lip/ |title=Between Reviews: Shooting from the Lip « Blogical Conclusion |publisher=Baradwajrangan.wordpress.com |date=12 February 2011 |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=12 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812054225/http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2011/02/12/between-reviews-shooting-from-the-lip/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In its Telugu remake ''[[Gharshana]]'' two new songs apart from the Tamil version were added to suit the taste of Telugu audience.<ref>{{cite web |author=Free Movies says |url=http://subsplanet.com/gharshana-2004-telugu-movie-subtitle.html |title=Gharshana (2004) Telugu Movie Subtitle | Subtitles Download |publisher=Subsplanet.com |date=9 August 2011 |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=17 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017053653/http://subsplanet.com/gharshana-2004-telugu-movie-subtitle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The song "Uyirin Uyire" reused as "Cheliya Cheliya" in Telugu and "Khwabon Khwabon" in Hindi had effective use of gibberish words which later became a signature element in Harris songs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-08/news-interviews/27902051_1_music-composer-ar-rahman-harris-jayaraj-soundtracks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615121305/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-08/news-interviews/27902051_1_music-composer-ar-rahman-harris-jayaraj-soundtracks |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 June 2013 |title=How time flies! |date=8 July 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/opinion/a-harris-jayaraj-fan-analyses-his-harris-jayaraj-fandom | title=A Harris Jayaraj Fan Analyses His Harris Jayaraj Fandom | date=18 September 2019 }}</ref>

Harris once again paired up with director [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]] on ''[[Ullam Ketkumae]]'' after ''12B''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/04/19/stories/2004041901370201.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040928115335/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/04/19/stories/2004041901370201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2004 |title=Campus caper |date=19 April 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/preview/7012.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024113740/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/preview/7012.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2004 |title=Ullam Ketkumae Tamil Movie Preview |website=IndiaGlitz |date=10 May 2004 |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> The music was appreciated for its excellency and synergy with the atmosphere in and out of the movie.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/1540/tamil/ullam-ketkumae/258/review.htm |title=Ullam Ketkumae Review – Tamil Movie Review by P.V.Sathish Kumar |publisher=Nowrunning.com |date=15 July 2004 |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709001633/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/1540/tamil/ullam-ketkumae/258/review.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Director [[S. Shankar]], noted leading director of Tamil cinema, paired up with Harris in his magnum opus ''[[Anniyan]]''. It was the first time Shankar did not team up with A. R. Rahman. Shankar later mentioned that working with Harris was an experience.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13694467&cid=2408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405152350/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13694467&cid=2408 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 April 2005 |title=Welcome to |website=[[Sify]] |date=20 January 2007 |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101810100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404001604/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101810100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 April 2005 |title=Entertainment Chennai : Director's dream project |date=11 March 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> The [[soundtrack album]] received several awards including [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director]] and Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/oct-07-03/16-10-07-award.html |title=TAMIL NADU STATE GOVERNMENT FILM AWARD YEAR 2005 |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322174208/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/oct-07-03/16-10-07-award.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/sep-07-01/06-09-07-kamal-rajini.html |title=Tamil Nadu Government awards |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=10 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310075227/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/sep-07-01/06-09-07-kamal-rajini.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibe.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218153431/http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibe.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 February 2011 |title='Anniyan' sweeps Filmfare Awards! |website=[[Sify]] |date=10 September 2006 |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> The next film he scored was ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'' directed by [[AR Murugadoss]], for which he received [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director]]. Critics noted that the album had "scintillating, party-hopping numbers", which resulted in a huge commercial success in audio sales; the track "Sutum Vizhi" crossed 20 million downloads and turned out to be phenomenally successful.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Topten/top10musicdirectors/tamil-cinema-topten-musicdirector-1.html |title=Harris Jayaraj |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112054413/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Topten/top10musicdirectors/tamil-cinema-topten-musicdirector-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/music-director/harris-jayaraj.html |title=Music Director Harris Jayaraj |website=Behindwoods.com |date=21 January 2009 |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060535/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/music-director/harris-jayaraj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Harris crafted a necessary classiness into Gautham Menon's blockbuster crime thriller ''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]'' starring [[Kamal Haasan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Musicreviews/vettaiyadu%20villaiyadu/vettaiyadu%20villaiyadu%20music%20review.html |title=Music Review :Vettaiyadu Vilaiyadu |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2012-01-06 |archive-date=21 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121030157/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Musicreviews/vettaiyadu%20villaiyadu/vettaiyadu%20villaiyadu%20music%20review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gautham revealed that he shares the entire script with Harris and provides input's from his side.<blockquote>"Harris and I, when we work together, we put in a lot of effort. I give him the entire script. I give him inputs. When we sat down for ''Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu'', I told him to do away with the traditional [[pallavi]]-[[charanam]] format in the "Manjal veyyil" song."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2006/12/17/interview-gautham-menon/ |title=Interview: Gautham Menon « Baradwaj Rangan |publisher=Baradwajrangan.wordpress.com |date=17 December 2006 |access-date=2012-01-06 |archive-date=12 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812052934/http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2006/12/17/interview-gautham-menon/ |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> Harris once again ventured into Telugu films with a successful album ''[[Sainikudu]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/26841.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118224810/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/26841.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 November 2006 |title='Sainikudu' slated for 30 Nov. release – Telugu Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=2012-01-06}}</ref> The music album of the film was released simultaneously in 10 chosen venues from five different countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-sainikudu.html |title=Sainikudu audio release – Telugu cinema – Mahesh Babu & Trisha |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=21 October 2006 |access-date=2012-01-06 |archive-date=29 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129204221/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-sainikudu.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gautham Menon who considers the music and background score of Harris as a major asset of his films,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=14149001&cid=2408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719142418/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=14149001&cid=2408 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 July 2008 |title=Welcome to |website=[[Sify]] |date=20 January 2007 |access-date=2012-01-06}}</ref> once again teamed up with Harris on a romantic-thriller ''[[Pachaikili Muthucharam]]''. The soundtracks of Pachaikili Muthucharam are appraised as melancholic, lilting, mysterious, and alternatively catchy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8251.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102034547/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8251.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 November 2006 |title=Pachai Kili Muthucharam Music Review songs lyrics |website=IndiaGlitz |date=24 January 2007 |access-date=2012-01-06}}</ref> Harris' collaboration with [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]] continued with ''[[Unnale Unnale]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/8248.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106032259/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/8248.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 January 2007 |title=Unnale Unnale Tamil Movie Review – cinema preview stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes |website=IndiaGlitz |date=13 April 2007 |access-date=2012-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/unnale-unnale-review-tamil-14428511.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328225621/http://www.sify.com/movies/unnale-unnale-review-tamil-14428511.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-03-28 |title=Movie Review:Unnale Unnale |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2012-01-06}}</ref> The music album oozing with energy all through proved to be a cut above the rest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8248.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202025013/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8248.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 February 2007 |title=Unnale Unnale Music Review songs lyrics |website=IndiaGlitz |date=24 January 2007 |access-date=2012-01-06}}</ref> His next Telugu venture ''[[Munna (2007 film)|Munna]]'' had a good commercial reception, and the song "Manasa" fetched a Filmfare Best Singer Female award to [[Sadhana Sargam]]. With the following album ''[[Bheema]]'', Harris continued his mettle with all the six songs. The track "Siru Parvaiyalae" used [[Pashto language|Pashto]] words in interludes. The album was praised for bringing up visual recapitulation from audio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-06/bheema-music-review.html |title=Bheema – Music Review |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2012-03-19 |archive-date=7 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407052059/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-06/bheema-music-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Harris used a live orchestra of 84 members for the action cop film ''[[Sathyam (2008 film)|Sathyam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-music-reviews/review-1/satyam-music-review.html|title=SATYAM MUSIC REVIEW - HARRIS JAYARAJ Behindwoods CAST VISHAL NAYANTHARA DIRECTION RAJASEKAR A PRODUCTION VIKRAM KRISHNA MUSIC HARRIS JAYARAJ images gallery|website=behindwoods.com|access-date=8 April 2012|archive-date=8 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308081341/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-music-reviews/review-1/satyam-music-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/9451.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021183527/http://indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/9451.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2007|title=Tamil Cinema News - Tamil Movie Reviews - Tamil Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Tamil}}</ref> In 2009, Harris Jayaraj was signed in for [[Vikram Kumar]]'s ''24'', which was to star Vikram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/aug/28/chiyaan-vikram-ready-for-24-81423.html|title='Chiyaan' Vikram ready for '24'|website=The New Indian Express|date=15 May 2012 |access-date=8 December 2021|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208192918/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/aug/28/chiyaan-vikram-ready-for-24-81423.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also signed in for the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]] ''Yoddha 2'', starring [[Mohanlal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/The-Vaseegara-guy/article15387949.ece|title=The Vaseegara guy|date=25 August 2008|work=The Hindu|access-date=26 September 2018|archive-date=13 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513224950/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/The-Vaseegara-guy/article15387949.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> But both films were subsequently shelved.

In ''[[Anegan]]'', Harris's "Danga Maari Oodhari", featuring lyrics in [[Madras Bashai|North Madras]] slang become an instant chart-buster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/anegan/anegan-top-ten-songs-danga-maari-oodhari-feb-26.html|title=Anegan Danga Maari Oodhari Anegan, Dhanush|website=behindwoods.com|access-date=27 February 2015|archive-date=27 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227104422/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/anegan/anegan-top-ten-songs-danga-maari-oodhari-feb-26.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After a hiatus of 6 years, Harris collaborated with [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] for the action cop film ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paatuvarigal.com/2014/12/adhaaru-adhaaru-song-lyrics-from-yennai-arindhaal.html|title=Paatuvarigal - Tamil Song Lyrics: Adhaaru Adhaaru Song Lyrics from yennai Arindhaal|last=xxxxx|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123443/http://www.paatuvarigal.com/2014/12/adhaaru-adhaaru-song-lyrics-from-yennai-arindhaal.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack received positive reviews from critics and according to Behindwoods, it was the most played album of 2015 in Chennai radio stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/yennai-arindhaal-is-2015s-most-played-album-in-chennai-radio-stations.html|title=Yennai Arindhaal is 2015's most played album in Chennai radio stations.|date=17 October 2015|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-date=20 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020185641/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/yennai-arindhaal-is-2015s-most-played-album-in-chennai-radio-stations.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Live in concert==

[[File:HOTE 1.jpg|thumb|right|Harris performing live]]
{{Main|Harris: On The Edge}}

In 2011, Harris announced his first musical world tour titled "Harris on the Edge". The tour featured live performance of Harris all over the world accompanied by a troupe of Tamil playback singers, including [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Haricharan]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], [[Aalap Raju]], [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Benny Dayal]], [[Andrea Jeremiah|Andrea]], [[Suvi Suresh]], [[Sunitha Sarathy]], [[Srilekha Parthasarathy]] and [[Shweta Mohan]] and international musicians and dancers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/26550/kollywood/harris-jayaraj-shut-down-new-film-assignment-news-details |title=Harris Jayaraj shut down new film assignment |publisher=Supergoodmovies.com |accessdate=6 September 2011 |archive-date=25 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925113804/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/26550/kollywood/Harris-Jayaraj-shut-down-new-film-assignment-News-Details |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The event was coordinated by ''Techfront'' and was directed by [[A. L. Vijay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Harris-Jayaraj-to-go-on-world-tour-news-tamil-lgbmW1hejba.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604112009/http://www.sify.com/movies/harris-jayaraj-to-go-on-world-tour-news-tamil-lgbmW1hejba.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 June 2011 |title=Harris Jayaraj to go on world tour |website=[[Sify]] |accessdate=7 October 2011}}</ref> The tour kick started in Chennai on 8 October 2011, and later continued in Coimbatore on 23 December 2011 and in Dubai on 4 February 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Harris Jayaraj's Chennai concert postponed|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/sep-11-05/harris-jayaraj-al-vijay-30-09-11.html|date=30 September 2011|website=Behindwoods.com|accessdate=13 October 2011|archive-date=15 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015094820/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/sep-11-05/harris-jayaraj-al-vijay-30-09-11.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The whole tour was covered by Jaya TV.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/on-the-stage-with-harris-jayaraj/article2470380.ece|title=On the Stage with Harris Jayaraj|website=The Hindu|date=20 September 2011|access-date=7 August 2022|archive-date=7 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807062629/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/on-the-stage-with-harris-jayaraj/article2470380.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flixedin.com/events/harris-jayaraj-live-in-switzerland|title=Harris Jayaraj Live in Switzerland on 20th january 2024|website=flixedin|date=20 January 2024|access-date=13 November 2023|archive-date=13 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113201652/https://www.flixedin.com/events/harris-jayaraj-live-in-switzerland|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Studio H==
Harris opened a new studio on 8 January 2017, called ''Studio H''. The studio consists of the latest audio recording systems and technology. The first song to be composed in the studio was Halena from [[Iru Mugan]]. The [[Si3 (film)|S3]] soundtrack was the first project entirely composed here.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/ViewArticle/150450/Mahesh23-S3-album-recorded-in-Harris-Jayaraj-s-new-Studio-H-/|title=Mahesh23, S3 album recorded in Harris Jayaraj s new Studio H|website=indiaherald.com|access-date=8 December 2021|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208195301/https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/ViewArticle/150450/Mahesh23-S3-album-recorded-in-Harris-Jayaraj-s-new-Studio-H-/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/event-photos-pictures-stills/harris-jayarajs-studio-h-opening/harris-jayarajs-studio-h-opening-stills-photos-pictures-index.html|title=Harris Jayaraj's Studio H Opening, Event Gallery, Harris Jayaraj, Gautham Menon|website=Behindwoods|date=14 January 2017|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116141850/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/event-photos-pictures-stills/harris-jayarajs-studio-h-opening/harris-jayarajs-studio-h-opening-stills-photos-pictures-index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Guest appearances===
* 2011 ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' - in song "Aga Naga Naga" (uncredited)

==Discography==

===As a music director===
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
![[Tamil language|Tamil]]
!Other Languages
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2001
|''[[Minnale]]'' •
|''[[Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein]]'' ♦ (Hindi)
''Cheli'' (Telugu)
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil]]
|-
|''[[Majunu]]'' •
|''Majnu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[12B]]'' •
|''12B'' (Telugu) ''Do Raaste 12B'' (Hindi)
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2002
|''Vetri''
|''[[Vasu (film)|Vasu]]'' • (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Samurai (2002 film)|Samurai]]'' •
|''Samurai'' (Telugu) ''Samurai: Ek Yodha'' (Hindi)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003
| ''[[Lesa Lesa]]'' •
|
|
|-
|''[[Saamy]]'' •
|''Swamy IPS'' (Telugu) ''Policewala Gunda 3'' (Hindi)
|
|-
|''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' •
|''[[Gharshana]]'' (2004)♦ (Telugu) ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' (2011)♦# (Hindi)
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Tamil Nadu Award for Best Music Director]] [[ITFA Best Music Director Award|ITFA Award for Best Music Director]]
Reused one song from ''Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein''
|-
| rowspan="4" |2004
|''[[Kovil (film)|Kovil]]'' •
|''Rudhrudu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Chellamae]]'' •
|''Prema Chadarangam'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Arasatchi]]'' •
|''Judgement'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]'' •
|''Akhandudu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2005
|''[[Thotti Jaya]]'' •#
|''Jalakanta'' (Telugu)
|Reused one song from ''Gharshana''
|-
|''[[Ullam Ketkumae]]'' •
|''Preminchi Choodu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Anniyan]]'' •
|''Aparichithudu'' (Telugu) ''Aparichit'' (2006) (Hindi)
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Tamil Nadu Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'' •
|''Ghajini'' (Telugu)
|[[53rd Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Special Award - South]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Tamil Nadu Award for Best Music Director]] [[ITFA Best Music Director Award|ITFA Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2006
|''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]'' •
|''Raghavan'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''Kumaran''
|''[[Sainikudu]]'' • (Telugu)
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2007
|''[[Pachaikili Muthucharam]]'' •
|''Dhrohi'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Unnale Unnale]]'' •
|''Neevalle Neevalle'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''Vetri Thirumagan'' (2008)
|''[[Munna (2007 film)|Munna]]'' • (Telugu) ''Munna'' (Malayalam)
| Reused one song from ''Pachakili Muthucharam''
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2008
|''[[Bheemaa]]'' •
|''Bheema'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Satyam (2008 film)|Satyam]]'' •
|''[[Salute (2008 Telugu film)|Salute]]'' (Telugu)
|25th Film
|-
|''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]'' •
|''Rakshakudu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'' •
|''Surya S/O Krishnan'' (Telugu)
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil]] [[Vijay Award for Best Music Director]] [[ITFA Best Music Director Award|ITFA Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009
|''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]'' •
| ''Veedokkade'' (Telugu)
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil]] [[Mirchi Music Awards South|Mirchi Music Award for Best Album – Tamil]] [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|''[[Aadhavan]]'' •
|''Ghatikudu'' (Telugu)
|[[Vijay Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2010
|''Ramcharan''
|''[[Orange (2010 Telugu film)|Orange]]'' • (Telugu)'' Hai Ramcharan'' (Malayalam)
|[[Mirchi Music Awards South|Mirchi Music Award for Best Album – Telugu]] Reused one song from the delayed film ''Engeyum Kadhal''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/harris-jayaraj-the-man-of-momemt/articleshow/5343861.cms|title=Harris Jayaraj, the man of {{sic|nolink=y|momemt}}|author=Sreedhar Pillai|date=17 December 2009|work=The Times of India|access-date=16 May 2022|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516133629/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/harris-jayaraj-the-man-of-momemt/articleshow/5343861.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]'' •
|''Ninnu Chooste Love Vastundi'' (Telugu)
|[[Vijay Music Awards|Vijay Music Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2011
|''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' •
|''Rangam'' (Telugu)
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Tamil Nadu Award for Best Music Director]] [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|''[[7 Aum Arivu]]'' •
|''Seventh Sense'' (Telugu) ''7 Aum Arivu'' (Malayalam) ''Chennai v/s China'' (Hindi)
|
|-
|''[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]'' •
|''Snehithudu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2012
|''[[Oru Kal Oru Kannadi]]'' •
|''Ok Ok'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Maattrraan]]'' •
|''Brothers'' (Telugu) ''Maattrraan'' (Malayalam) ''No 1 Judwaa'' (2014) (Hindi)
|
|-
|''[[Thuppakki]]'' •
|''Thuppakki'' (Telugu)
|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Tamil]] The background score went on to be reused in the Bengali remake, ''[[Game (2014 film)|Game]]'' (2014).
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2013
|''[[Irandaam Ulagam]]'' #
|''Varna'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Endrendrum Punnagai]]'' •
|''Chirunavvula Chirujallu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2014
|''[[Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal]]'' •
|''Seenu Gaadi Love Story'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Yaan (film)|Yaan]]'' •
|''Nene'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Anegan]]'' •
|''Anekudu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Nannbenda]]'' •
|''Good Evening'' (Telugu)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]'' •
|''Yentha Vaadu Gaanie'' (Telugu) ''Satyadev IPS'' (Kannada)
|
|-
|''[[Gethu]]'' •
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2016
|''[[Iru Mugan]]'' •
|''Inkokkadu'' (Telugu)
|
|-
||''[[S3 (film)|S3]]'' •
|''Yamudu 3'' (Telugu)
|The background score went on to be reused in the Hindi remake, ''[[Romeo S3]]'' (2025).
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Vanamagan]]'' •
|
| 50th Film
|-
|''Spyder'' •
|''[[Spyder (film)|Spyder]]'' • (Telugu)
''Spyder'' (Malayalam, Hindi, Kannada)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Dev (2019 film)|Dev]]'' •
|''Dev'' (Telugu)
|
|-
|''[[Kaappaan]]'' •
|''Bandobast'' (Telugu) ''Kaappaan'' (Malayalam) ''Rowdy Rakshak'' (Hindi)
|
|-
| 2022
|''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' •
|''The Legend'' (Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu)
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (soundtrack)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]'' •
|''Dhruva Nakshathram'' (Telugu)
|Soundtrack was released, but the movie remains unreleased
|-
|''Extra Ordinary Man''
|''[[Extra Ordinary Man]]'' # (Telugu)
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Brother (2024 film)|Brother]]'' •
|
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Kadhal Reset Repeat]]'' •
|''Prema Reset Repeat'' (Telugu)
|The song "Un Paarvai" is a recomposed version of "Sangathil Padatha" composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] from the 1982 film [[Auto Raja (1982 film)|''Auto Raja'']]
|}

Notes:
* • Indicates languages of original release.
* ♦ Indicates a film remade in another language with a different cast, retaining Harris as the composer.
* # indicates the soundtrack album has one or more bonus songs composed by a different composer.
* The movie '' Thotti Jaya'' has an additional track "Indha Ooru" composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja used only in the Tamil version of the movie. It was replaced in Telugu by the song "Ee Calcutta" composed by Harris.
* The movie ''Force'' has four songs composed by Harris. Film scoring is done by Sameer Phatarpekar with some themes having some of their melodies borrowed from the songs.

====Upcoming====
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Language
!Status
|-
|{{TBA}}
|''[[Naga Shaurya|Bad Boy Karthik]]''
|Telugu
|Completed
|}

===As a lyricist===
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Song
|-
|2011
|''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]''
|'Kulu Kulu Venpani'
|-
|2017
|''[[Singam 3 ]]''
|'Hey Wi Wi Wifi'
|}

=== Music videos ===
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Lyricist
|-
| 2022
|''Vaadi Vaadi''
|Ravi G, Nicholas Samuel, [[Sunitha Sarathy]]|| [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
|-
|rowspan="1" | 2023
|''Makka Makka''
|Sathyaprakash, [[Bamba Bakya]]|| [[Pa. Vijay]]
|}

==Ad jingles==
He composed music for various television commercials including a [[Coca-Cola]] commercial featuring [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]. In 2008, he composed for ''[[Herova? Zerova?]]'' ad campaign which Suriya initiated under the Agaram Foundation, working to help children who drop out of school early in [[Tamil Nadu]]. With the Ministry of Education in Tamil Nadu, he created a short commercial video outlining child poverty, labour and lack of education written and produced by [[Sivakumar]] and also starred [[Suriya]], [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[R. Madhavan]] and [[Jyothika]].

==Personal life==
Harris is married to Suma Jayaraj, the couple have a son named Samuel Nicholas Harris and a daughter named Karen Nikitha Harris, born in 2006.<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmSZuPlpwTE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807234808/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmSZuPlpwTE|archive-date=7 August 2022|url-status=bot: unknown|title=India Turns Pink Pink Ambassador Mrs.Suma Jayaraj|publisher=India Turns Pink|via=[[YouTube]]|access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Nikitha is a [[playback singer]] who made her debut through the song "Vinnil Vinmeen" for the movie ''[[Kaappaan]]'',<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/harris-jayarajs-daughter-makes-her-singing-debut/articleshow/70330178.cms "Harris Jayaraj's daughter makes her singing debut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715063129/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/harris-jayarajs-daughter-makes-her-singing-debut/articleshow/70330178.cms |date=15 July 2021 }}. Times of India. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/301119/musics-in-her-blood.html "Music's in her blood"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715063130/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/301119/musics-in-her-blood.html |date=15 July 2021 }}. Deccan Chronicle. 30 November 2019, Retrieved 15 July 2021</ref> and won a V4U Media award in 2020.<ref name="mgr-sivaji-award2020">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPoWuviwIkc "MGR - SIVAJI Cinema Awards 2020 | Best Debut Singer"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721095119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=VPoWuviwIkc&feature=youtu.be |date=21 July 2021 }}. [[Vasanth TV]]. 22 Feb 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
;Special Honours
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
|-
|2009
|[[Kalaimamani]] Award from the Government of Tamil Nadu<ref name="The Hindu" />
|-
|2015
|[[List of lifetime achievement awards|Life Time Achievement Award]] from [[Konijeti Rosaiah]], the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]]<ref name="Award for Harris Jayaraj" />
|-
|2015
|Maestro Award from the Ritz Style Awards 2015<ref>{{cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Audi RITZ Icon Awards 2015: Chiyaan Vikram, Dulquer Salmaan, Samantha Ruth Prabhu Honoured |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/audi-ritz-icon-awards-2015-chiyaan-vikram-dulquer-salmaan-samantha-ruth-prabhu-honoured-622248 |access-date=6 February 2015 |work=[[International Business Times]] |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014804/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/audi-ritz-icon-awards-2015-chiyaan-vikram-dulquer-salmaan-samantha-ruth-prabhu-honoured-622248 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2019
|Behindwoods Gold MIC Award for Icon of Inspiration - Setting New Precedents in Film Music<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2019 |title=Harris Jayaraj 'Aalavandhan' flashback | Behindwoods Gold Mic Awards: Special Highlight Moments |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-highlight-moments-of-behindwoods-gold-mic-awards-ft-kamal-haasan-anirudh-ar-rahman/aalavandhan-was-offered-to-harris-jayaraj-reveals-kalaippuli-thanu.html |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009013113/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/the-highlight-moments-of-behindwoods-gold-mic-awards-ft-kamal-haasan-anirudh-ar-rahman/aalavandhan-was-offered-to-harris-jayaraj-reveals-kalaippuli-thanu.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2019
|Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute [[Doctor of Letters|Honorary Doctorate of Letters]]<ref name="indiaglitz.com" />
|}
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Language
!Film
!Category
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[49th Filmfare Awards South|2001]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Minnale]]''
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6" | [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director]]
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[50th Filmfare Awards South|2002]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Vasu (film)|Vasu]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |[[51st Filmfare Awards South|2003]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Saamy]]''
| rowspan="2" {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[52nd Filmfare Awards South|2004]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Gharshana]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |2005
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4" |Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Anniyan]]''
| rowspan="2" {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Filmfare Special Award – South|Filmfare Special Award for]] [[Filmfare Special Award - South|Best Outstanding Score]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[54th Filmfare Awards South|2006]]
|''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]''
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="12" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director]]
| rowspan="3" {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |[[55th Filmfare Awards South|2007]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Unnale Unnale]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Munna (2007 film)|Munna]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[56th Filmfare Awards South|2008]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]''
| rowspan="2" {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |[[57th Filmfare Awards South|2009]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Aadhavan]]''
| rowspan="7" {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[58th Filmfare Awards South|2010]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Orange (2010 Telugu film)|Orange]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |[[59th Filmfare Awards South|2011]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5" |Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[7 Aum Arivu]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[60th Filmfare Awards South|2012]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Thuppakki]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[63rd Filmfare Awards South|2015]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[64th Filmfare Awards South|2016]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Iru Mugan]]''
|}

;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Category
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]''
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| rowspan="4" {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2005
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Anniyan|Anniyan /]] [[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2011
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|}

;[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] (SIIMA)

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Category
!Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|2012]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Thuppakki]]''
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" | Best Music Director
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|2015]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Yennai Arindhaal]]''
| rowspan="2" {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|2016]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Iru Mugan]]''
|}

;[[Vijay Awards]]
*2008: Won - [[Vijay Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] - ''Vaaranam Aayiram''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/47587.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618072752/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/47587.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2009|title=Univercell 3rd Vijay Awards - Winners List - Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |date=15 June 2009 |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2009: Won - Best Music Director - ''Aadhavan''<ref>{{cite news |author=K. Lakshmi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article441682.ece |title=The Hindu : Cities / Chennai : 'Pasanga' steals show at Vijay awards |work=The Hindu |date=30 May 2010 |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=29 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129122805/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article441682.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2008: Won - [[Vijay Award for Favourite Song|Favorite Song of the Year]] - "Ava Enna" from ''Vaaranam Aayiram''<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5mo2MkN_m0 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063648/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5mo2MkN_m0| archive-date=2013-09-21 | url-status=dead|title=Vijay Awards 06/18/09 |via=YouTube |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2011: Won - Favorite Song of the Year - "[[Enamo Aedho]]" from ''Ko''<ref>{{cite web |author=Prakash |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2012/ajith-vikram-vijay-awards-096600.html |title=Vijay Awards 2012 winners |publisher=Oneindia |date=18 June 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=27 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027095349/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/news/2012/ajith-vikram-vijay-awards-096600.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2012: Won - Favorite Song of the Year - "[[Google Google]]" from ''Thuppakki''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Thuppakki-sweeps-Vijay-Awards/articleshow/20026331.cms|title=Google Google was awarded favorite song of 2012|last=|first=|date=|website=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929235636/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Thuppakki-sweeps-Vijay-Awards/articleshow/20026331.cms|archive-date=2017-09-29|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref>
*2007: Nominated - Best Music Director - ''Unnale Unnale''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tN-Bu6timek |title=Vijay Awards 06/06/08 |date=30 May 2012 |via=YouTube |access-date=2012-07-13}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
*2011: Nominated - Best Music Director - ''Engeyum Kaadhal''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrxb20U7a98 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063702/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrxb20U7a98&feature=showob| archive-date=2013-09-21 | url-status=dead|title=Vijay Awards 06/30/12 |via=YouTube |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2012: Nominated - Best Music Director - ''Nanban''
*2011: Nominated - Best Background Score - ''Ko''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6UDPyNwLgw | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801091106/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6UDPyNwLgw| archive-date=2013-08-01 | url-status=dead|title=6th Annual Vijay Awards Oru Munnottam 06/03/12 |via=YouTube |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2008: Nominated - Favourite Song of the Year - "Mundhinam" from ''Vaaranam Aayiram''<ref name=autogenerated1 />
*2008: Nominated - Favourite Song of the Year - "Nenjukkul" from ''Vaaranam Aayiram''
*2009: Nominated - Favourite Song of the Year - "Hasili Fisili" from ''Aadhavan''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f76kTlztT7g&list=ELmQEOtsK-Dug | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607223952/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f76kTlztT7g| archive-date=2015-06-07 | url-status=dead|title=Vijay Awards 06/21/10 |via=YouTube |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2009: Nominated - [[Vijay Award for Favourite Song|Favourite Song of the Year]] - "Vizhi Moodi" from ''Ayan''
*2012: Nominated - Favourite Song of the Year - "Venaam Machan" from ''Oru Kal Oru Kannadi''
*2014: Nominated - Favourite Song of the Year - "Aathangara Orathil" from ''Yaan''

;[[Vijay Music Awards]]
*2011: Won - Best Music Director - ''Engeyum Kaadhal''<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://reviews.in.88db.com/index.php/movie/movie-news/19154-2nd-vijay-music-awards-winners-list |title= 2nd Annual Vijay Music Awards Winners List (for 2011) |access-date=31 October 2012 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130101170631/http://reviews.in.88db.com/index.php/movie/movie-news/19154-2nd-vijay-music-awards-winners-list |archive-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2011: Won - Popular Song of the Year - "[[Enamo Aedho]]" from ''Ko''
*2011: Won - Best Western Song - "Nangaai" from ''Engeyum Kaadhal''

;[[International Tamil Film Awards]] (ITFA)
*2003: Won - Best Music Director - ''Kaakha Kaakha''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://in.movies.yahoo.com/040929/125/2gzze.html |title=Kakka Kakka receives eight ITFA awards |work=Yahoo Movies|access-date=2012-07-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050419222046/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/040929/125/2gzze.html |archive-date= 19 April 2005}}</ref>
*2005: Won - Best Music Director - ''Ghajini''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/keyword/ghajini|title=ghajini: Latest News & Videos, Photos about ghajini - The Economic Times|website=The Economic Times|access-date=16 April 2014|archive-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219065230/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/keyword/ghajini|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2008: Won - Best Music Director - ''Vaaranam Aayiram''<ref>http://forum.indya.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=30492&d=1242813200 {{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

;[[Mirchi Music Awards South]]
*2009: Won - Best Album of the Year - ''Ayan''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/radioandmusiclinx/y2k10/july/mirchi_music_south.htm |title=Mirchi Music Awards - South |publisher=Radioandmusic.com |access-date=2012-07-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815124644/http://www.radioandmusic.com/radioandmusiclinx/y2k10/july/mirchi_music_south.htm |archive-date=15 August 2013}}</ref>
*2009: Won - Mirchi Listeners' Choice for Best Album - ''Ayan''<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Glitz-glamour-and-gaiety-mark-Uninor-Mirchi-Music-awards/articleshow/6182205.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811085452/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-18/chennai/28311410_1_uninor-mirchi-music-awards-album-music-composer |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=Glitz, glamour and gaiety mark Uninor Mirchi Music awards |date=18 July 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2010: Won - Best Album of the Year - ''Orange''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kuraltv.com/news/radio-mirchi-music-awards-2010/?pid=8862 |title=Picture 8862 « RADIO MIRCHI MUSIC AWARDS 2010 |publisher=Kural TV |access-date=2012-07-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323074110/http://www.kuraltv.com/news/radio-mirchi-music-awards-2010/?pid=8862 |archive-date=23 March 2012}}</ref>
*2010: Won - Mirchi Listeners' Choice for Best Album - ''Orange''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1L2uvK4zwE | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820124216/http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=related&v=J1L2uvK4zwE&gl=US&hl=en&client=mv-google&guid=| archive-date=2013-08-20 | url-status=dead|title=Mirchi Music Awards - Mirchi Music Awards Full Length |via=YouTube |date=31 March 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2010: Won - Mirchi Listeners' Choice for Best Song - "Nenu Nuvvantu" from ''Orange''<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Mirchi Music Awards South#Jury awards]]</ref>
*2011: Won - Best Song of the Year - "Enamo Aedho" from ''Ko''<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

;[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]
*2009: Won - Best Music Director - ''Ayan''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edisonawards.in/ |title= Edison Awards 2012 |publisher=Edisonawards.in |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=13 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213074130/http://www.edisonawards.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2011: Won - Best Music Director - ''Ko''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://images.behindwoods.com/photo-galleries-q1-09/tamil-photo-gallery/edison-awards-2012-01/edison-awards-2012-01-edison-awards-2012-59.html |title=Edison Awards 2012 |publisher=Images.behindwoods.com |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=5 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605055551/http://images.behindwoods.com/photo-galleries-q1-09/tamil-photo-gallery/edison-awards-2012-01/edison-awards-2012-01-edison-awards-2012-59.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.top10cinema.com/dataimages/14414/13-02-2012-2012-14414-99-2.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 July 2012 |archive-date=5 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605055823/http://www.top10cinema.com/dataimages/14414/13-02-2012-2012-14414-99-2.jpg |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
*2015: Won - Favourite Song of the Year - "Danga Maari" from ''Anegan''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edisonawards.in/pages/pompous-occasion-details.php?id=28 |title=Edison Awards 2016 |publisher=[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]] |access-date=2016-07-10 |archive-date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706091650/http://www.edisonawards.in/pages/pompous-occasion-details.php?id=28 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2015: Nominated - Best Music Director - ''Anegan''

;MGR Sivaji Cinema Awards
*2019 - Best Music Director - ''Kaappaan''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlpVX6oEGgs |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/OlpVX6oEGgs |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=MGR - SIVAJI Cinema Awards 2020 | Best Music Director - Harris Jayaraj | Kaappaan | Vasanth TV|date=15 February 2020 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*2019 - Mellisai Mannar M.S.Viswanathan Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_huQ5bc-1wA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/_huQ5bc-1wA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=MGR - SIVAJI Cinema Awards 2020 | Mellisai Mannar M.S.Viswanathan Award - Harris Jayaraj | VasanthTV|date=22 February 2020 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

;Isaiaruvi Tamil Music Awards
*2007 - Best Youthful Album of the Year - ''Unnale Unnale''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mirchigossips.in/music/isayaruvi-music-awards-2008/ |title=Isayaruvi Sunfeast Tamil Music Awards 2008 |publisher=mirchigossips.in |date=11 July 2008 |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=23 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723154632/http://www.mirchigossips.in/music/isayaruvi-music-awards-2008/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2007 - Most Listened Song of the Year - "June Ponal" from ''Unnale Unnale''
*2008 - Best Romantic Song of the Year - "Anbe En Anbe" from ''Dhaam Dhoom''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/hindi-tamil-galleries/isaiaruvi-music-award/isaiaruvi-07.html |title=Isaiaruvi Music Awards - images - Behindwoods.com - Tamil Movie Events - Isaiaruvi Harris Jayaraj sundar c Hariharan James Vasanthan |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=10 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810231555/http://www.behindwoods.com/hindi-tamil-galleries/isaiaruvi-music-award/isaiaruvi-07.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2008 - Best Album of the Year - ''Vaaranam Aayiram''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Meera-Isaiaruvi-Tamil-Music-Awards-09-imagegallery-kollywood-jhqmxnggghd.html?html=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223050827/http://www.sify.com/movies/Meera-Isaiaruvi-Tamil-Music-Awards-09-imagegallery-kollywood-jhqmxnggghd.html?html=5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-12-23 |title=Meera Isaiaruvi Tamil Music Awards 09 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2008 - Best Music Director - ''Vaaranam Aayiram''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/hindi-tamil-galleries/isaiaruvi-music-award/isaiaruvi-01.html |title=Isaiaruvi Music Awards - images - Behindwoods.com - Tamil Movie Events - Isaiaruvi Harris Jayaraj sundar c Hariharan James Vasanthan |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123602/http://www.behindwoods.com/hindi-tamil-galleries/isaiaruvi-music-award/isaiaruvi-01.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2009 - Best Romantic Song of the Year - "Vizhi Moodi Yosithal" from ''Ayan''
*2009 - Best Album of the Year - ''Aadhavan''
*2009 - Best Music Director of the Year - ''Aadhavan''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.images.behindwoods.com/photo-galleries-q1-09/tamil-photo-gallery/tamil-music-awards/isaiaruvi-tamil-music-awards-11.html |title=ISAIARUVI TAMIL MUSIC AWARDS - Tamil Movie Event Images - ISAIARUVI TAMIL MUSIC AWARDS - Vijay | Shruti Hassan |publisher=Images.behindwoods.com |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=17 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717233936/http://www.images.behindwoods.com/photo-galleries-q1-09/tamil-photo-gallery/tamil-music-awards/isaiaruvi-tamil-music-awards-11.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Big FM Awards
*2010 - Best Music Director - ''Orange''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/Jharrisjayaraj/statuses/51519950476685313 |title=Twitter / Jharrisjayaraj: It's nice to receive the B |via=Twitter |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=9 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809152858/https://twitter.com/Jharrisjayaraj/statuses/51519950476685313 |url-status=live }}</ref>

; Big Tamil Melody Awards
*2011 - Best Music Director - ''Engeyum Kaadhal''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/83364.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701221120/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/83364.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2012 |title=Celebs galore at BIG Tamil Melody Awards - Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |date=30 June 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2011 - Best Album of the Year - ''Engeyum Kaadhal''<ref>{{cite web |author=Venkadesan S, TNIE |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article554538.ece |title=Big Tamil Melody Awards: Big stars great melodies |work=The New Indian Express |date=30 June 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=2 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702111114/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article554538.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2012 - Best Music Director - ''Nanban''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/the-winners-of-the-big-melody-awards-harris-jayaraj-haricharan-19-08-13.html|title=The winners of the BIG Melody Awards!|website=behindwoods.com|access-date=21 August 2013|archive-date=22 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822102147/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/the-winners-of-the-big-melody-awards-harris-jayaraj-haricharan-19-08-13.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Chennai Times Film Awards
*2011 - Best Music Director - ''Ko''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-Chennai-Times-Film-Awards-2011/articleshow/14318349.cms |title=The Chennai Times Film Awards 2011 |work=The Times of India |date=22 June 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=26 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626143659/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-Chennai-Times-Film-Awards-2011/articleshow/14318349.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Maa Music Awards
*2011 - Best Dubbing Song - "Enduko Emo" from ''Ko''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g1KZdZtk-U |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410124215/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g1KZdZtk-U |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-date=10 April 2023 |title=Maa Music Awards 2012 |website=youtube.com | date=5 February 2012 |access-date=2023-04-10 }}</ref>

;South Scope Awards
*2008 - Most Stylish Music Director - ''Dhaam Dhoom''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/19860.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718110819/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/19860.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2012 |title=Events - South Scope Style Awards 2009 Presented |website=IndiaGlitz |date=26 October 2009 |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref>
*2009 - Best Music Director - ''Ayan''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/sep-10-04/shaam-shriya-saran-sridevi-20-09-10.html |title=South Scope award - Tamil Movie News - And the South Scope award goes to |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=28 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228195235/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/sep-10-04/shaam-shriya-saran-sridevi-20-09-10.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;[[Stardust Awards]]
*2011: Nominated - Standout Performance by a Music Director - ''Force''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/stardust-awards-2011-2012-nominations |title=Stardust Awards 2011–2012 Nominations |publisher=Indicine.com |date=25 January 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13 |archive-date=11 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105050/http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/stardust-awards-2011-2012-nominations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Harris Jayaraj}}
* {{Twitter}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1069415}}
{{Harris Jayaraj}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestTamilMusicDirector}}
{{TamilNaduStateAwardForBestMusicDirector}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaraj, Harris}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College of Music]]
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Indian Christians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Jingle composers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]

Nadiya Ke Paar (1982 film)

2026-03-25T17:29:55Z

TimDuncan875676: brief add layout to improve readability additionally and updated info

{{Short description|1982 Indian film by Govind Moonis}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Nadiya Ke Paar
|image = Nadiya Ke Paar (1982).jpg
|caption = Poster
|director = Govind Moonis
|producer = [[Tarachand Barjatya]]
|writer = Keshav Prasad Mishra
|based_on = {{based on|''Kohbar Ki Shart''|Keshav Prasad Mishra}}
|starring = [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] [[Sadhana Singh]]
| cinematography = Sunil Sharma
| editing =
|music = [[Ravindra Jain]]
|distributor = [[Rajshri Productions]]
|released = {{Film date|df=y|1982|10|10}}
|runtime = 143 minutes
|country = India
|language = Hindi{{efn|Spoken with/in a strong [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] accent. [[Jagran.com]] called it a "hybrid of Bhojpuri and Awadhi dialects which are spoken in the central and eastern regions of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/photogallery/bihar-patna-city-people-of-bihar-villages-still-like-to-see-bhojpuri-movie-nadiya-ke-paar-24656.html |title=भोजपुरी फिल्म नदिया के पार की गुंजा और चंदन आज भी हैं लोगों की पसंद, देखें तस्वीरें...|author= |website=[[Jagran.com]]|publisher=[[Jagran Prakashan]]|date=13 September 2017|trans-title=Gunja and Chandan of Bhojpuri film Nadiya Ke Paar are still people's favourite, see photos...|language=hi|quote=इसे भोजपुरी और अवधि बोलियों का मिश्रित रूप माना जा सकता है जो बिहार तथा उत्तर प्रदेश के मध्य और पूर्वी इलाकों में बोली जाती है। |trans-quote=It can be considered a hybrid of Bhojpuri and Awadhi dialects which are spoken in the central and eastern regions of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430185908/https://www.jagran.com/photogallery/bihar-patna-city-people-of-bihar-villages-still-like-to-see-bhojpuri-movie-nadiya-ke-paar-24656.html |archive-date=30 April 2023}}</ref> In another article of ''Jagran.com'' written by Radha Krishna in 2025, it was mentioned as a ''Bhojpuri film''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=भोजपुरी को असली पहचान देने वाली फिल्म ‘नदिया के पार’ 43 साल बाद पटना में फिर होगी प्रदर्शित - nadiya ke paar bhojpuri film screening in patna |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-nadiya-ke-paar-bhojpuri-film-screening-in-patna-40077464.html |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> [[India Today]] called it a "bhojpuri classic."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=After 43 years, Bhojpuri classic Nadiya Ke Paar to return on the big screen |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/after-43-years-bhojpuri-classic-nadiya-ke-paar-to-return-on-the-big-screen-2839063-2025-12-20 |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Sachin Pilgaonkar in a interview said, "Nadiya Ke Paar was not a Bhojpuri film, it was a Hindi film, but it had Awadhi language which is spoken in some districts of UP, especially those which fall in Purvanchal."<ref>{{cite news |last=Dube |first=Sneha |date=23 July 2025 |title=क्या ‘नदिया के पार’ थी भोजपुरी फिल्म? सचिन पिलगांवकर ने सालों बाद किया था खुलासा |trans-title=Was 'Nadiya Ke Paar' a Bhojpuri film? Sachin Pilgaonkar revealed the truth years later. |language=hi |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/sachin-pilgaonkar-talked-about-his-blockbuster-movie-nadiya-ke-paar-hindi-or-bhojpuri-film-know-what-he-said-3403433.html |work=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]] |access-date=14 February 2026}}</ref> }}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/nadiya-ke-paar/umc.cmc.6gitl3d2gbkd934x9fjmd50ex |title=Nadiya Ke Paar |website=[[Apple TV app|Apple TV]] |access-date=6 May 2023 |quote=Original Audio: Hindi |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506192154/https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/nadiya-ke-paar/umc.cmc.6gitl3d2gbkd934x9fjmd50ex |url-status=live }}</ref>
|budget = {{INR}}18 [[lakh]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sampada |date=5 August 2023 |title=This 1982 film from Rajshri inspired Sooraj Barjatya's Hum Aapke Hain Koun as he updated the family drama space |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nadiya-ke-paar-sooraj-barjatya-remade-1982-film-came-up-with-hum-aapke-hain-koun-8876518/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=25 December 2023 |url-access=limited |quote=Made on a modest budget of just Rs 18 lakh, the film was a big hit for the Rajshris at a time when they had witnessed a string of flops at the box office. |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806080422/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nadiya-ke-paar-sooraj-barjatya-remade-1982-film-came-up-with-hum-aapke-hain-koun-8876518/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|gross = {{INR}}5.4 [[crore]]<ref name=BOI82/>
}}
'''''Nadiya Ke Paar''''' ({{IPA|hi|'nədɪjɑː 'keː 'paːr}}; {{Translation|Across The River}}) is a 1982 Indian [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Govind Moonis. Based on the first half of the novel ''Kohbar Ki Shart'' by Keshav Prasad Mishra. It featured an [[ensemble cast]] comprising [[Sachin (actor)|Sachin]], [[Sadhana Singh]], [[Inder Thakur]], Mitali, Savita Bajaj, [[Sheela David]], [[Leela Mishra]] and Soni Rat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nadiya Ke Paar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/nadiya-ke-paar-2/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=1 December 1981 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927025905/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/nadiya-ke-paar-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Set in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh]], the film was primarily shot in the Bijaipur and Rajepur villages of [[Kerakat]] tehsil.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/jaunpur/news/the-shooting-of-nadia-ke-paar-took-place-in-jaunpur-41-years-ago-131666945.html|title=The shooting of 'Nadia-ke-Paar' took place in Jaunpur 41 years ago.|trans-title=The shooting of 'Nadia-ke-Paar' took place in Jaunpur 41 years ago. | The songs of the film still remain in people's minds, 90 percent shooting was done in Bijaipur village.|work=Dainik Bhaskar|date=10 August 2023|location=Jaunpur|language=hi|quote=90% केराकत तहसील के विजयपुर और राजेपुर नामक गांवों में हुई, ये दोनों गांव सई नदी और गोमती नदी के किनारों पर बसे हैं|trans-quote=90% of the film took place in Bijaipur and Rajepur villages of Kerakat tehsil, both of which are situated on the banks of Sai River and Gomti River|access-date=26 September 2023|archive-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926222321/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/jaunpur/news/the-shooting-of-nadia-ke-paar-took-place-in-jaunpur-41-years-ago-131666945.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released in 1982 by [[Rajshri Productions]] and was one of the highest-grossing films of 1982.<ref name=BOI82>{{cite web|date=2 January 2010|title=Top Earners 1982|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=188&catName=MTk4Mg== |website=[[Box Office India]] |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102005947/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=188&catName=MTk4Mg==|archivedate=2 January 2010|accessdate=1 February 2021}}</ref> Rajshri later remade the film in 1994 as ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]''.<ref name=toi>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/hum-aapke-hain-koun-20-lesser-known-facts/photostory/39670204.cms|title=Hum Aapke Hain Koun @ 20: Lesser Known Facts|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 August 2015|accessdate=14 July 2021|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714172224/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/hum-aapke-hain-koun-20-lesser-known-facts/photostory/39670204.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
Tiwari, a farmer from eastern Uttar Pradesh lives in a village with his two nephews Omkar and Chandan. He falls ill and is treated by a [[Vaidya]] (indigenous medical practitioner) from another village across river. When the farmer feels okay, he asks the Vaidya about his fees. The Vaidya who is a father of two daughters, asks for the farmer's elder nephew, Omkar, to marry his elder daughter, Roopa. The farmer readily agrees. Omkar has a younger brother Chandan and Roopa has a younger sister Gunja.

The marriage takes place and Omkar's house is filled with joy and happiness with Roopa's arrival. Chandan and Gunja are seen bickering and teasing each other all the time. Soon, Roopa gets pregnant and gives birth to a baby boy. Since there is no other female in the house, Roopa asks Omkar to call Gunja for some time to support her in household chores. Everyone agrees happily and Chandan visits his sister-in-law's village to bring Gunja home. During this journey, both of them sing happy songs and become friends. There is some liking which starts brewing between them. Gunja bonds with everyone in the family and takes up all the responsibilities of the house. Chandan and Gunja eventually begin to fall in love.

After a few months, Gunja leaves for her home with a heavy heart. Chandan keeps coming up with excuses to go and meet her. However, Gunja takes a promise from Chandan to only come to her as her groom. While visiting her parents a couple of months later, Roopa learns about their love. She promises to talk to everyone at home and arrange their marriage alliance. Unfortunately, she dies in an accident while she is still at her parents' house, and never gets the chance to tell everyone.

Time passes and Omkar's life drives into despair and sadness without Roopa. In order to bring happiness back into his life and a mother for his child, his uncle and Roopa's father suggest to marry Gunja to Omkar. Chandan is unable to tell anyone about his love for Gunja and remains silent for his brother's life. Gunja confusingly thinks her father has arranged her wedding with Chandan and gets extremely happy. Things take a different turn when she sees her brother-in-law Omkar dressed up as the groom on the wedding day. She believes that Chandan cheated her and agrees to marry Omkar for her father's reputation. Despite trying to control emotions, she faints during the wedding rituals. Chandan tries to explain his situation to Gunja in private. He makes her understand that he decided to sacrifice his love for his love for his brother. He tells her that he thought that Gunja would trust him and support him in this decision. Gunja starts to think highly of Chandan after hearing all this and assures him that she will support his decision now. Right then, Omkar enters the room, having heard this entire conversation. He disapproves this huge sacrifice of theirs and informs their families of their love. Gunja and Chandan get married with their families' blessing.

==Cast==
*[[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] as Chandan Tiwari; Omkar's younger brother
*[[Sadhana Singh]] as Gunja Tiwari; Vaidji's youngest daughter; Roopa's younger sister<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-sadhna-singh-got-film-nadiya-ke-paar-when-she-went-to-see-shooting-of-one-film-2356193 |title=Sadhna Singh Story: शूटिंग देखने गई ये लड़की बन गई फिल्म 'नदियां के पार' की हीरोइन, जानिए कहां है आजकल |date=12 March 2023 |website=[[ABP Live]] |publisher=[[ABP Group]] |access-date=6 May 2023 |trans-title=Sadhna Singh Story: This girl who went to see the shooting and became the heroine of the film 'Nadiya Ke Paar', know where she is nowadays |language=hi |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506180819/https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-sadhna-singh-got-film-nadiya-ke-paar-when-she-went-to-see-shooting-of-one-film-2356193 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Inder Thakur]] as Omkar Tiwari
*[[Mitali]] as Roopa Tiwari; Vaidji's elder daughter; Gunja's elder sister; Omkar's wife; Chandhan sister in - law.
*Vishnukumar Vyas as Vaidji (Gunja's and Roopa's father)
*[[Leela Mishra]] as Kaki
*[[Ram Mohan]] as Tiwari (the farmer) (Uncle of Omkar and Chandan)
*[[Sheela Sharma]] as Rajjo (Chandan's childhood friend)
*Ranjana Sachdev as Gunja's mother

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack of the album was composed by [[Ravindra Jain]], also wrote the lyrics of the songs.

{{Track listing

| headline = ''Nadiya Ke Paar'' track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 32:27

|title1 = Jogi Ji Dheere Dheere<ref>{{cite news |date=10 March 2020 |title=Holi 2020: Top Bollywood Holi tracks of all time |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/holi-2020-top-bollywood-holi-tracks-6307185/ |work=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |access-date=26 December 2023 |quote=And when it comes to oldies, it would be a sin to not mention the Nadiya Ke Paar track “Jogiji Haan”. An innocent track to remind us how differently things were done in the past. |archive-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328044700/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/holi-2020-top-bollywood-holi-tracks-6307185/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|extra1 = [[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]], [[Jaspal Singh (singer)|Jaspal Singh]], [[Chandrani Mukherjee]], [[Sushil Kumar]] & chorus
|length1 = 08:14

|title2 = Kaun Disaa Mein Le Ke Chalaa Re Batohiyaa
|extra2 = Hemlata and Jaspal Singh
|length2 = 06:44

|title3 = Jab Tak Poore Na Ho Phere Saat
|length3 = 05:51
|extra3 = Hemlata and [[Chorus (song)|Chorus]]

|title4 = Sanchi Kahe Tore Aavan Se
|extra4 = Jaspal Singh
|length4 = 05:05

|title5 = Gunja Re Chandan
|extra5 = [[Suresh Wadkar]] and Hemlata
|length5 = 05:09

|title6 = Jab Tak Poore Na Ho Phere Saat (Sad)
|extra6 = Hemlata and Chorus
|length6 = 01:34
}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0256951}}
*{{BH film|540014}}

[[Category:1982 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Rajshri Productions films]]
[[Category:Bhojpuri films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1980s Bhojpuri-language films]]
[[Category:Awadhi language]]

HMIS Khyber

2026-03-25T02:04:10Z

TimDuncan875676: new new article...

{{Short description|Indian minesweeper}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=India
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval 1947}}
|name=''Khyber''
|ordered=20 December 1939
|awarded=
|builder=[[William Hamilton and Company]]
|laid_down=10 December 1940
|launched=17 February 1942
|christened=
|acquired=
|commissioned=12 August 1942
|recommissioned=
|decommissioned=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|reclassified=
|refit=
|captured=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|fate=Scrapped 1949
|homeport=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class={{sclass|Bangor|minesweeper}}
|displacement=*{{convert|656|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} standard
*{{convert|820|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} full
|length={{convert|174|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
|beam={{convert|28|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|draught={{convert|10|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|depth=
|hold_depth=
|power=*{{convert|2000|ihp|abbr=on|lk=in}}
*2 × [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s
|propulsion=*2 shafts
*2 [[steam turbine]]s
|speed={{convert|16|kn|lk=in}}
|range={{convert|2800|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}}
|complement=60
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=*1 × single [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|12-pounder {{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on}}]] [[anti-aircraft gun]]
*1 × single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pounder (4 cm)]] AA gun
|notes=
}}
}}

'''HMIS ''Khyber'' (J190)''' was a {{sclass|Bangor|minesweeper}} built for the [[Royal Navy]], but transferred to the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) during the Second World War.

==Design and description==
The ''Bangor'' class was designed as a small minesweeper that could be easily built in large numbers by civilian shipyards; as [[steam turbine]]s were difficult to manufacture, the ships were designed to accept a wide variety of engines. ''Khyber'' displaced {{convert|656|LT|t}} at [[Displacement (ship)|standard]] load and {{convert|820|LT|t}} at [[deep load]]. The ship had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|174|ft|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|28|ft|6|in|m|1}} and a [[draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|10|ft|3|in|m|1}}.<ref>Lenton, pp. 253–54</ref> The ship's complement consisted of 60 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]].<ref name=c1>Chesneau, p. 64</ref>

She was powered by two [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two [[Admiralty three-drum boiler]]s. The engines produced a total of {{convert|2000|shp|lk=in}} and gave a maximum speed of {{convert|16|kn|lk=in}}. ''Khyber'' carried a maximum of {{convert|160|LT|t|0}} of [[fuel oil]] that gave her a range of {{convert|2800|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}}.<ref name=l3>Lenton, p. 254</ref>

The turbine-powered ''Bangor''s were armed with a [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|12-pounder {{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on}}]] [[anti-aircraft gun]] and a single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pounder (4 cm)]] AA gun. In some ships the 2-pounder was replaced a single or twin [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm Oerlikon]] AA gun, while most ships were fitted with four additional single Oerlikon mounts over the course of the war.<ref name=l3/> For escort work, her minesweeping gear could be exchanged for around 40 [[depth charge]]s.<ref name=c1/>

==Construction and career==
HMIS ''Khyber'' was ordered from [[William Hamilton and Company]], originally for the [[Royal Navy]] as {{HMS|Harwich}} in 1939. However, before she was launched, she was transferred to the Royal Indian Navy and eventually commissioned as ''Khyber''.<ref name=u-harwich>{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/7890.html |title=FFL La Surprise (K 292) of the Free French Navy - Free French Frigate of the River class - Allied Warships of WWII |publisher=uboat.net |access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref> She was a part of the [[Eastern Fleet]], and escorted numerous convoys between [[Africa]], [[British India]] and [[Australia]] in 1943–45.<ref name=nh-1943>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWD-EF1943b.htm |title=Eastern Fleet War Diary 1943 |publisher=Naval-history.net |access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref><ref name=nh-1944>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWD-EF1944-11.htm |title=East Indies Fleet War Diary 1944 |publisher=Naval-history.net |date=1944-12-30 |access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref><ref name=nh-1945>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWD-EF1945.htm |title=East Indies Fleet War Diary 1945 |publisher=Naval-history.net |access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref> ''Khyber'' was scrapped in 1949.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{Colledge: Ships RN|year=2006}}
* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|author-link=Henry Trevor Lenton|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}}

{{Bangor class minesweeper}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khyber (J190)}}
[[Category:Bangor-class minesweepers of the Royal Indian Navy]]
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[Category:World War II minesweepers of India]]

Mirza Rahmat Baig

2026-03-19T10:19:25Z

TimDuncan875676: Made New Info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mirza Rahmat Baig
| native_name =
| party = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| term_start = 2023{{endash}}present
| term_end =
| office = [[Telangana Legislative Council|Member of Legislative Council, Telangana]]
| constituency = Hyderabad Local Authorities
| successor =
| predecessor =
}}
'''Mirza Rahmat Baig''' or '''Mirza Rahmat Bhaig Quadri''' is an Indian politician member of the [[Telangana Legislative Council]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=telugu |first=NT News |date=22 February 2023 |title=ఎంఐఎం ఎమ్మెల్సీ అభ్యర్థి మీర్జా రహమత్‌ బేగ్‌ |url=https://www.ntnews.com/telangana/brs-to-support-aimim-in-mlc-election-978366 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=www.ntnews.com |language=te}}</ref> since 2023 He is a member of the [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (AIMIM) and constituency [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=AIMIM's Mirza Baig elected unopposed as MLC for Hyderabad constituency |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/aimims-mirza-baig-elected-unopposed-as-mlc-for-hyderabad-constituency-8470533/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Member Profile official government website |url=https://legislature.telangana.gov.in/getmlcmemberdetailsnew?memid=95&constid=20 |website=Member profile official government website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telangana government |url=https://www.telangana.gov.in/legislature/members-of-legislative-council/ |website=Telangana Government}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SRI MIRZA RAHMAT BAIG |url=https://hellohyderabad.org/people/sri-mirza-rahmat-baig/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=hellohyderabad.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=media |first=news and |title=Majlis candidate Mirza Rahmat Baig wins Hyderabad MLC seat unopposed |url=https://www.en.etemaaddaily.com/aimim/majlis-candidate-mirza-rahmat-baig-wins-hyderabad-mlc-seat-unopposed:127991 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=www.en.etemaaddaily.com |language=english}}</ref>

== Political career ==

In the 2021 Telangana Legislative Council elections for the Hyderabad Local Authorities constituency, Mirza Rahmat Baig was declared elected unopposed. Other candidates, including independent civic advocate Mohammed Rahim Khan, had also filed nominations, but their papers were rejected or withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=AIMIM's Mirza Baig elected unopposed as MLC for Hyderabad constituency |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/aimims-mirza-baig-elected-unopposed-as-mlc-for-hyderabad-constituency-8470533/ |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaig, Mirza Rahmat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians]]

{{Telangana-AIMIM-politician-stub}}

Sindhi language

2026-03-17T02:13:27Z

TimDuncan875676:

{{Short description|Indo-Aryan language native to Sindh}}
{{Distinguish|Hindi|Sandhi|Sinti}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Sindhi
| nativename = {{flatlist|
*{{Transliteration|sd|''Sindhī''|i=no}}
*{{lang|sd|{{Naskh|سِنڌِي}}}}
*{{lang|sd-Deva|सिन्धी}}}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|sd|sɪndʱiː|}}
| states = {{unbulleted list|
*[[Languages of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
*[[Languages of India|India]]}}
| region = [[Sindh]] and parts of [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]], [[Kutch district|Kutch]] and [[Barmer district|Barmer]]
| speakers = 37 million
| date = 2011–2023
| ref = {{efn|[[2011 Indian Census]], [[2023 Pakistani Census]].}}
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages|Northwestern]]
| fam5 = [[Sindhi languages|Sindhic]]
| ancestor = [[Prakrit]]
| ancestor2 = [[Apabhraṃśa]] (''debated''){{efn|See [[#Origins|origins]]}}
| ancestor3 = [[#Early Sindhi (–16th century)|Early Sindhi]]
| ancestor4 = [[#Medieval Sindhi (16th–19th centuries)|Middle Sindhi]]
| ancestor5 = [[#British India (1843–1947)|Early Modern Sindhi]]
| script = {{ubl|'''Standard'''|[[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]] ([[#Perso-Arabic script|Sindhi alphabet]])|'''Non-standard'''|[[Devanagari]]{{efn|In Pakistan, only the Perso-Arabic form of Sindhi is used. On the other hand, in India, both Perso-Arabic and Devanagari scripts are used.}}|[[Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]]|'''Historical'''|[[Khojki script|Khojki]]|[[Gurmukhi]]<ref name="in">{{cite journal|title =Like Community, Like Language: Seventy-Five Years of Sindhi in Post-Partition India |year = 2021|journal =Journal of Sindhi Studies |doi =10.1163/26670925-bja10002 |last1 =Iyengar |first1 =Arvind |last2 =Parchani |first2 =Sundri |volume =1 |pages =1–32 |s2cid =246551773 |doi-access =free | issn=2667-0925 }}</ref>}}
| stand1 = [[#Dialects|Standard Sindhi]]
| sign = [[India–Pakistan Sign Language|Signed Sindhi]]
| nation = *[[Languages of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
**[[Sindh]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/545670/Sindhi-language |title=Sindhi Language |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=December 29, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Official languages of India|India]]<ref name="in"/>
| agency = *[[Sindhi Language Authority]] (Pakistan)
*National Council for Promotion of Sindhi Language (India)
| development_body = [[Sindhi Language Authority]]
| iso1 = sd
| iso2 = snd
| iso3 = snd
| lingua = 59-AAF-f
| image = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1b = Sindhi language.svg
| photo1a = Sindhi.svg
| spacing = 15
| color =
| border = 0
| foot_montage = }}
| imagecaption = Sindhi written in the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] (left) and [[Devanagari]] (right) scripts
| notice = IPA
| glotto = sind1272
| map = Sindhi-speakers by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
| mapcaption = The proportion of people with Sindhi as their [[mother tongue]] in each Pakistani [[Districts of Pakistan|District]] as of the [[2017 Pakistan Census]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Sindhi}}

'''Sindhi''' ({{Lang|sd|{{resize|{{Naskh|سِنڌِي}}}}}}, ''Sindhī'', {{IPA|sd|sɪndʱiː|}}){{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|d|i}} {{respell|SIN|dee}};<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> In some instances, the diasporic Sindhi population in India uses the [[Devanagari]] script to write the language in which 'Sindhi' is written as: {{lang|sd-Deva|सिन्धी}} In less commonly used scripts: {{lang|sd-Guru|ਸਿੰਧੀ}} ([[Gurmukhi]]), {{lang|sd-Khoj|𑈩𑈭𑈴𑈝𑈮}} ([[Khojki]]), {{lang|sd-Sind|𑋝𑋡𑋟𑋐𑋢}} ([[Khudabadi]])}} is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] belonging to the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] branch of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language family. It is primarily spoken by the [[Sindhis|Sindhi people]] native to the [[Administrative units of Pakistan|Pakistani province]] of [[Sindh]], where the language has [[1972 Sindhi Language Bill|official status]].<ref name="auto2">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/545670/Sindhi-language |title=Sindhi Language |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=December 29, 2013}}</ref> It constitutes the [[First language|mother tongue]] of over 34 million people in [[Pakistan]], primarily concentrated in Sindh; with [[Sindhis of Balochistan|historic communities]] in neighbouring [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] as well. It is also spoken by 1.7 million people in [[India]], mostly by the [[Sindhis in India|descendants of partition-era migrants]]; with it having the status of a [[Scheduled languages of India|scheduled language]] in the country without any state-level official status.<ref name="in"/> Sindhi is written in the [[#Perso-Arabic script|Sindhi alphabet]] of the [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]], the sole official script for the language in Pakistan; while in India, both the Perso-Arabic and [[Devanagari]] scripts are used.

With over 37 million native speakers, Sindhi is a major [[Languages of South Asia|South Asian language]], being the most-widely spoken language in southern Pakistan{{efn|Southern Pakistan constitutes the southern provinces, i.e. [[Sindh]] and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]].}} and [[Languages of Pakistan#Major regional languages|third most-widely spoken]] in the entirety of Pakistan (after [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Pashto]]). The language is also geographically spread out of [[South Asia]] as it is spoken by the [[Sindhi diaspora]], present around the world, primarily in the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf states]], the [[Western world]] and the [[Far East]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sindh diaspora: India and the United Kingdom |url=https://gtr.ukri.org/project/438D25C7-5334-4E3B-B844-94D9696BDAE8 |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=UK Research and Innovation |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119183358/https://gtr.ukri.org/project/438D25C7-5334-4E3B-B844-94D9696BDAE8 }}</ref>

Being classified under the [[Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages|Northwestern branch]] of the Indo-Aryan languages, Sindhi, apart from other [[Sindhi languages|Sindhic languages]], is most closely related to the [[Punjabi dialects|Punjabi language varieties]]. It is descended from [[Shauraseni Prakrit]], which gradually developed into [[Apabhraṃśa]] and then into [[#Early Sindhi (–16th century)|Early Sindhi]]. Sindhi further developed during the [[Islamic Golden Age]] and the [[Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent|Islamic period in South Asia]], expanding its vocabulary under the influence of [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]; with the earliest written evidence of Sindhi as a language being a [[Quran translations|translation]] of the [[Quran]], dated back to 883 AD.<ref name="ELL" /> [[#Medieval Sindhi (16th–19th centuries)|Middle Sindhi]] produced the language's greatest pieces of [[Sindhi literature|literature]], including recorded forms of orally-transmitted [[Sindhi folktales|folk tales]]; as well as [[Sufi literature]], including ''[[Shah Jo Risalo]]'', the single greatest piece of Sindhi literature, by [[Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai]]. [[#British India (1843–1947)|Modern Sindhi]] developed and was officially standardised and promoted during the [[History of Sindh#British Rule (1843–1947)|British colonial era]], replacing Persian as the primary official language of Sindh in 1848.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tns.thenews.com.pk/declaring-major-languages-as-national-languages/#.U0oQ-VWSygQ |title= The language link |first= Naseer |last= Memon |date= April 13, 2014 |work= [[The News on Sunday]] |access-date= April 13, 2014 |archive-date= April 13, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143150/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/declaring-major-languages-as-national-languages/#.U0oQ-VWSygQ |url-status= dead }}</ref>

Sindhi is an [[Fusional language|inflected language]], with five [[Grammatical case|cases]] for [[#Nouns|noun]], three for [[#Personal pronouns|personal pronoun]], four for [[#Third-person pronouns|third-person pronoun]]; eleven [[#Case markers|case markers]]; two [[Grammatical gender|genders]] (masculine, feminine); and two [[Grammatical number|numbers]] (singular, plural). The base of its vocabulary is derived from [[Sanskrit]] in the form of Prakrit and Apabhraṃśa, while a significant portion of its [[Register (sociolinguistics)#Register as formality scale|high-register speech]] is derived from Persian and Arabic, along with a number of recent loanwords borrowed from [[English language|English]]; and to a lesser extent from [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[French language|French]]. It has also had minor influence from and on neighbouring languages such as [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Brahui language|Brahui]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and [[Marwari language|Marwari]].<ref name="lsi">{{Linguistic Survey of India|8|3|chapter=Sindhi}}</ref>

Sindhi has a number of [[#Dialects|dialects]] and an established [[#Dialects|standard form]], referred to as ''Standard Sindhi'', which is based on the dialect of [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]] and surrounding areas of central Sindh. The primary regulatory agency for the development and promotion of the language is the [[Sindhi Language Authority]], an autonomous institution of the [[government of Sindh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sl.sindhila.org/en/lets-learn-sindhi/21-sindhila/about-sindhi/175-present-chairman|title=Present Chairman of Sindhi Language Authority|last=Official site|first=Official Site|date=26 December 2018|website=|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417182404/http://sl.sindhila.org/en/lets-learn-sindhi/21-sindhila/about-sindhi/175-present-chairman|archive-date=17 April 2019|url-status=dead|access-date=}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Dodo Chanesar Khudabadi script.png|thumb|right|Cover of a book containing the epic [[Dodo Chanesar]] written in ''Hatvanki Sindhi'' or [[Khudabadi script]].]]{{Sindhis}}

===Origins===
The name "Sindhi" is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] ''síndhu'', the original name of the [[Indus River]], along whose delta Sindhi is spoken.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Sindhi.html |title=Sindhi |work= The Languages Gulper|access-date=January 29, 2013}}</ref> In the [[Bronze Age]] ({{circa|3300|1200 BCE}}), the primary language of this region was likely the [[Harappan language]], but no records exist indicating when or how that language was replaced by the [[Indo-Aryan languages]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cole |first=Jennifer |title=The Sindhi language |url=http://www.linguistics.uiuc.edu/jscole/Sindhi_Elsevier_encyl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106015921/http://www.linguistics.uiuc.edu/jscole/Sindhi_Elsevier_encyl.pdf |archive-date=January 6, 2007 |access-date=2025-06-02}}</ref>

Like other languages of the Indo-Aryan family, Sindhi is descended from Old Indo-Aryan ([[Sanskrit]]) via Middle Indo-Aryan ([[Pali]], secondary Prakrits, and [[Apabhramsha]]). 20th century Western scholars such as [[George Abraham Grierson]] believed that Sindhi descended specifically from the Vrācaḍa dialect of Apabhramsha (described by [[Markandeya]] as being spoken in ''Sindhu-deśa'', corresponding to modern Sindh)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grierson |first1=G. A. |title=Apabhramsa According to Markandeya and "Dhakki" Prakrit |journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1913 |pages=875–883 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00045627 |jstor=25189069 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25189069 |access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grierson |first1=G. A. |title=Vrācaḍa and Sindhī |journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1902 |pages=47–48 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00157077 |jstor=25208372 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25208372 |access-date=6 June 2025}}</ref> but later work has shown this to be unclear.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wadhwani |first1=Y. K. |title=The Origin of the Sindhi Language |journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute |date=1981 |volume=40 |pages=192–201 |jstor=42931119 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/42931119.pdf |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

The sound changes that characterise the development of Sindhi from Middle Indo-Aryan are:
* Development of [[implosive consonant|implosives]] from [[gemination|geminate]] and initial stops (e.g. ''g-'', ''-gg'' > ''ɠ''); this is a highly distinctive sound change in NIA{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=209}}
* Shortening of geminates (e.g. MIA ''akkhi'' > Sindhi ''akhi'' "eye"){{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=198}}
* Voicing of post-nasal consonants (e.g. MIA ''danta'' > Sindhi ''ɗ̣andu'' "tooth"){{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=198}}{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=203}}
* [[Debuccalization]] of intervocalic ''-s-'' > ''-h-'' (shared with some [[Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjabi varieties]], primarily [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]){{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=194}}
* Intervocalic ''-l-'' > ''-r-'' (likely via intermediate retroflex ''-ḷ-''), ''-ll-'' > ''-l-'',{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=193}} ''-ḍ-'' > ''-ṛ-''
* Fronting of ''r'' from medial clusters to initial (e.g. OIA ''dīrgha'' > Sindhi ''ḍrigho'' "long"){{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=209}}

Additionally, the following retentions distinguish Sindhi from other New Indo-Aryan languages:
* Retention of MIA ''-ṇ-''{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=193}}
* Retention of final short vowels ''-a'', ''-i'', ''-u'',{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=196}} but also insertion of these into loanwords{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=197}}
* Retention of long vowels before geminates (more archaic than e.g. [[Prakrit]]){{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=198}}
* Retention of stop + ''r'' clusters but with retroflexion, e.g. ''tr-'' > ''ṭr-''{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=201}}{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=210}}
* Retention of ''v-''{{sfnp|Masica|1999|p=202}}

===Early Sindhi (–16th century)===
Literary attestation of early Sindhi is sparse. The earliest written evidence of Sindhi as a language can be found in a translation of the Qur’an into Sindhi dating back to 883 A.D.<ref name="ELL">{{cite book |last1=Cole |first1=J. |editor1-last=Brown |editor1-first=Keith |chapter=Sindhi |title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |edition=Second |date=2006 |pages=384–387 |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02241-0 |chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542022410 |publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-044854-1 |chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> Historically, [[Isma'ilism|Isma'ili]] religious literature and poetry in India, as old as the 11th century CE, used a language that was closely related to Sindhi and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]; at this point in time, Sindhi was not clearly established as an independent literary language. Much of this work is in the form of ''[[ginans]]'' (a kind of devotional hymn).<ref name="shackle">{{Britannica|1550738|Sindhi literature|Christopher Shackle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sacred Literature-Ginans |url=http://heritage.ismaili.net/ginan_view |website=Ismaili.NET |publisher=Heritage Society |access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref>

Sindhi was the first Indo-Aryan language to be in close contact with [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] following the [[Umayyad campaigns in India|Umayyad conquest of Sindh]] in 712 CE. Arabic sources thus do mention the language of Sindh in various instances. The following excerpts are translated from ''[[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]]'' by [[Henry Miers Elliot]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elliot |first1=Henry Miers |editor1-last=Dawson |editor1-first=John |title=The History Of India As Told By Its Own Historians |date=1867–1877 |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.448955}}</ref>

{{Blockquote
|text=The '''language of Sind is different than that of India'''. Sind is the country which is nearer the domains of the Moslims, India is farther from them.
|author=[[al-Masudi]] ({{circa|lk=no|896}}–956 CE)
|source=''[[The Meadows of Gold]]''
}}

{{Blockquote
|text=The language of [[Mansura, Sindh|Mansúra]], [[Multan|Multán]], and those parts is Arabic and '''Sindian'''. In [[Makran|Makrán]] they use Persian and Makranic.
|author=[[Ibn Hawqal]]
|source=''[[Surat Al-Ard]]'' (977 CE)
}}

Additionally, the Korean [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk [[Hyech'o]] mentions the unique language of Sindh in his travelogue:

{{Blockquote
|text=From Takka I walked towards the West for another month and arrived at the country of Sindhukula. The dress, customs, climate, and temperature are similar to north India, although '''the language is slightly different'''.
|author=[[Hyech'o]]
|source=''[[Wang och'ŏnch'ukkuk chŏn]]'' ({{circa|lk=no|723}}–728 CE)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ch'o |first1=Hye |last2=Ch'ao |first2=Hui |last3=Yang |first3=Han-sŭng |title=The Hye Ch'o Diary: Memoir of the Pilgrimage to the Five Regions of India |date=1984 |publisher=Jain Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-89581-024-3 |pages=45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWo47KtISe8C&pg=PA50 |language=en}} Also published by the Asian Humanities Press, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Hye_Ch_o_diary.html?id=9yHHzQEACAAJ Issue 2 of Religions of Asia series Unesco collection of representative works].</ref>
}}

===Medieval Sindhi (16th–19th centuries)===
Medieval Sindhi literature is of a primarily religious genre, comprising a syncretic [[Sufi]] and [[Advaita Vedanta]] poetry, the latter in the devotional [[bhakti]] tradition. The format of this poetry is the ''[[Bayt (poetry)|bayt]]'', indicating significant influence from Arabic and Persian. The earliest known Sindhi poet of the Sufi tradition is [[Qazi Qadan]] (1493–1551). Other early poets were [[Shah Inat Rizvi]] ({{circa}} 1613–1701) and [[Shah Abdul Karim Bulri]] (1538–1623). These poets had a mystical bent that profoundly influenced Sindhi poetry for much of this period.<ref name="shackle"/>

Another famous part of Medieval Sindhi literature is a wealth of folktales, adapted and readapted into verse by many bards at various times and possibly much older than their earliest literary attestations. These include romantic epics such as [[Sassui Punnhun]], [[Sohni Mahiwal]], [[Momal Rano]], [[Noori Jam Tamachi]], [[Lilan Chanesar]], and others.<ref name="mahfil">{{cite journal |last1=Schimmel |first1=Annemarie |title=Sindhi Literature |journal=Mahfil |date=1971 |volume=7 |issue=1/2 |pages=71–80 |jstor=40874414 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40874414}}</ref>

The greatest poet of Sindhi was [[Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai]] (1689/1690–1752), whose verses were compiled into the [[Shah Jo Risalo]] by his followers. While primarily Sufi, his verses also recount traditional Sindhi folktales and aspects of the cultural history of Sindh.<ref name="shackle"/>

The first attested Sindhi translation of the Quran was done by [[Akhund Azaz Allah Muttalawi]] (1747–1824) and published in [[Gujarat]] in 1870. The first to appear in print was by Muhammad Siddiq in 1867.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=1391|title=The Holy Qur'an and its Translators – Imam Reza (A.S.) Network|website=Imamreza.net|access-date=29 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115045637/http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=1391|archive-date=15 January 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===British India (1843–1947)===

In 1843, the [[British conquest of Sindh]] led the region to become part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]. Soon after, in 1848, Governor George Clerk established Sindhi as the official language in the province, removing the literary dominance of [[Persian language|Persian]]. Sir Bartle Frere, the then commissioner of Sindh, issued orders on August 29, 1857, advising civil servants in Sindh to pass an examination in Sindhi. He also ordered the use of Sindhi in official documents.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tns.thenews.com.pk/declaring-major-languages-as-national-languages/#.U0oQ-VWSygQ |title= The language link |first= Naseer |last= Memon |date= April 13, 2014 |work= [[The News on Sunday]] |access-date= April 13, 2014 |archive-date= April 13, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143150/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/declaring-major-languages-as-national-languages/#.U0oQ-VWSygQ |url-status= dead }}</ref> In 1868, the [[Bombay Presidency]] assigned ''Narayan Jagannath Vaidya'' to replace the [[Abjad]] used in Sindhi with the ''[[Khudabadi script]]''. The script was decreed a standard script by the Bombay Presidency thus inciting anarchy in the [[Muslim]] majority region. A powerful unrest followed, after which Twelve [[Martial Law]]s were imposed by the British authorities. The granting of official status of Sindhi along with script reforms ushered in the development of modern Sindhi literature.

The first printed works in Sindhi were produced at the Muhammadi Press in [[Bombay]] beginning in 1867. These included Islamic stories set in verse by [[Muhammad Hashim Thattvi]], one of the renowned religious scholars of Sindh.<ref name="mahfil"/>

===Independent Pakistan and India (1947–)===
The [[Partition of India]] in 1947 resulted in most Sindhi speakers ending up in the new state of [[Pakistan]], commencing a push to establish a strong sub-national linguistic identity for Sindhi. This manifested in resistance to the imposition of [[Urdu]] and eventually [[Sindhi nationalism]] in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Levesque |first1=Julien |title=Beyond Success or Failure: Sindhi Nationalism and the Social Construction of the "Idea of Sindh" |journal=Journal of Sindhi Studies |date=2021 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1163/26670925-bja10001 |s2cid=246560343 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The language and literary style of contemporary Sindhi writings in Pakistan and India were noticeably diverging by the late 20th century; authors from the former country were borrowing extensively from Urdu, while those from the latter were highly influenced by Hindi.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite web |title=Sindhi language {{!}} Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/545670/Sindhi-language |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]}}</ref>

==Geographical distribution==
Sindhi is the official language of the Pakistani province of [[Sindh]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url= https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pols/Currentissue-pdf/Gulshan3.pdf|title=Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan|first=Gulshan |last=Majeed |work=Journal of Political Studies|access-date=December 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/> and one of the scheduled languages of India, where it does not have any state-level status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rajbhasha.nic.in/en/languages-included-eighth-schedule-indian-constution |title=Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constution |publisher=Department of Official Language, [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> Prior to the inception of Pakistan, Sindhi was the national language of Sindh.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Language and Politics in Pakistan|title=The Sindhi Language Movement |url=https://www.academia.edu/7588035|website=academia.edu|access-date=12 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Imposition Of Urdu|url=http://nation.com.pk/editorials/10-Sep-2015/the-imposition-of-urdu|access-date=12 September 2015|publisher=NAWAIWAQT GROUP OF NEWSPAPERS|date=September 10, 2015|archive-date=11 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911082914/http://nation.com.pk/editorials/10-Sep-2015/the-imposition-of-urdu|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apnaorg.com/research-papers-pdf/rahman-3.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - Teaching of Sindhi & Sindhi ethnicity.doc|website=Apnaorg.com |access-date=2018-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sindhi Language Movement |url=http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/scholorly_articles/sindhi_lang_mov.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905005418/http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/scholorly_articles/sindhi_lang_mov.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-05 |access-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>

Sindhi is additionally spoken by many members of the [[Sindhi diaspora]], particularly in [[Malaysia]], [[Oman]], [[Singapore]], [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]], [[United States|USA]] and [[United Kingdom|UK]].

===Pakistan===
In Pakistan, Sindhi is the first language of 34.40 million people, or {{sigfig|14.57|3}}% of the country's population as of the 2023 census. 33.46 million of these are found in [[Sindh]], where they account for {{sigfig|60.14|2}}% of the total population of the province.<ref name="2023 census">{{cite web |title=Population by Mother Tongue, Sex and Rural/Urban, Census–2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220005033/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2024|website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]]}}</ref> There are 0.55 million speakers in the province of [[Balochistan]], especially in the [[Kacchi Plain]].

{{static row numbers}}{{sticky header}}{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible static-row-numbers sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:right"
|+2023 Census Statistics<ref name="2023 census"/>
!State
!Population
|- style="background:#e6e6e6" class="sorttop static-row-header"
| '''{{flag+link|Languages of|Pakistan}}'''
| 34,401,564
|-
|{{flag+link|Languages of|Sindh}}
|33,462,299
|-
|{{flag+link|Languages of|Balochistan}}
|555,198
|-
|{{flag+link|Languages of|Punjab}}
|352,686
|-
|{{flag+link|Languages of|Islamabad}}
|21,362
|-
|{{flag+link|Languages of|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
|10,019
|}

The Pakistan Sindh Assembly has ordered compulsory teaching of the Sindhi language in all private schools in Sindh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samar |first=Azeem |date=13 March 2019 |title=PA resolution calls for teaching Sindhi as compulsory subject in private schools |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/443160-pa-resolution-calls-for-teaching-sindhi-as-compulsory-subject-in-private-schools |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=[[The News International]] |language=en}}</ref> According to the Sindh Private Educational Institutions Form B (Regulations and Control) 2005 Rules, "All educational institutions are required to teach children the Sindhi language.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PakistanToday |date=25 September 2018 |title=Sindhi to be made compulsory in all private schools across province {{!}} Pakistan Today |url=https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/09/25/sindhi-to-be-made-compulsory-in-all-private-schools-across-province/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=[[Pakistan Today]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Sindh Education and Literacy Minister, [[Syed Sardar Ali Shah]], and Secretary of School Education, Qazi Shahid Pervaiz, have ordered the employment of Sindhi teachers in all private schools in Sindh so that this language can be easily and widely taught.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-09-25 |title=Private schools directed to make Sindhi compulsory subject |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1434751 |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> Sindhi is taught in all provincial private schools that follow the Matric system and not the ones that follow the Cambridge system.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-09-24 |title=Sindh private schools told to teach Sindhi as compulsory subject |url=http://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/1556672 |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=[[Samaa TV]] |language=en}}</ref>

At the [[Festival|occasion]] of [[International Mother Language Day|'Mother Language Day]]' in 2023, the [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh|Sindh Assembly]] under Culture minister [[Syed Sardar Ali Shah|Sardar Ali Shah]], passed a [[Unanimity|unanimous]] [[Resolution (logic)|resolution]] to extend the use of [[language]] to [[Primary school|primary]] level<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-20 |title=Call for using local languages at primary level |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2402116/call-for-using-local-languages-at-primary-level |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> and increase the [[Social status|status]] of Sindhi as a [[national language]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title=Members decry delay in declaring Sindhi a national language |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2402560/members-decry-delay-in-declaring-sindhi-a-national-language |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Tahir |date=2023-02-22 |title=Govt, opposition demand national language status for Sindhi |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1738443 |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: Members of Sindh Assembly demand national language status for Sindhi |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pakistan-members-of-sindh-assembly-demand-national-language-status-for-sindhi20230223134703/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> of [[Pakistan]].

There are many Sindhi language television channels broadcasting in Pakistan such as Time News, KTN, [[Sindh TV]], [[Awaz Television Network]], Mehran TV, and [[Dharti TV]].

===India===
The Indian Government has legislated Sindhi as a scheduled language in [[India]], making it an option for education. Despite lacking any state-level status, Sindhi is still a prominent minority language in the Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |title=National Committee for Linguistic Minorities |access-date=2018-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In India, Sindhi mother tongue speakers were distributed in the following states:
{{static row numbers}}{{sticky header}}{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible static-row-numbers sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:right"
|+2011 Census Statistics<ref name="india census">{{cite web|title = C-16: Population by mother tongue, India - 2011| author = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10191| access-date = 29 October 2022}}</ref>{{efn|This is the number of people who identified their mother-tongue as "Sindhi"; it does not include speakers of related languages, like [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]].}}
!State
!Population
|- style="background:#e6e6e6" class="sorttop static-row-header"
| '''{{flag+link|Languages of|India}}'''
| 2,772,264
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|1,184,024
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|723,748
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|386,569
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|245,161
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|93,424
|-
|[[Delhi|Delhi (NCT)]]
|31,177
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|28,952
|-
|[[Assam]]
|19,646
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|16,954
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|11,299
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|8,448
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|7,828
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|2,863
|-
|[[Odisha]]
|2,338
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|2,227
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|1,701
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|1,658
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|1,251
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|754
|-
|[[Goa]]
|656
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
|894
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|236
|-
|[[Chandigarh]]
|134
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|94
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|82
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|62
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|30
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|19
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|14
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|12
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|7
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|2
|}

===Sindhi diaspora===
In [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], and [[Singapore]] (where Sindhi has no official status), ethnics Sindhis are largely shifting to [[English language|English]] as their first language, excepting some monolingual first-generation immigrants and second-generation speakers who use Sindhi at home. Codeswitching of varying degrees is observed in some speakers, usually with English but also with [[Malay language|Malay]] and [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khemlani-David |first1=Maya |title=Language shift, cultural maintenance, and ethnic identity; a study of a minority Community: the Sindhis of Malaysia |journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language |date=1998 |issue=130 |doi=10.1515/ijsl.1998.130.67 |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijsl.1998.130.67/html |access-date=6 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khemlani-David |first1=Maya |title=Language shift amongst the Sindhis of Malaysia |journal=South Pacific Journal of Psychology |date=1999 |volume=10 |issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khemlani-David |first1=Maya |title=The Sindhis of Singapore–Language Maintenance or Language Shift? |journal=Migracijske i etničke teme |date=2000 |volume=16 |issue=3 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/159556 |access-date=6 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=Matthew A. |last2=Khemlani-David |first2=Maya |title=Language Shift and Identity Reproduction among Diaspora Sindhis in India and Southeast Asia |journal=Modern Asian Studies |date=2020 |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=734–763 |access-date=6 June 2025 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X20000013 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/language-shift-and-identity-reproduction-among-diaspora-sindhis-in-india-and-southeast-asia/678711394095029BE7AC10943ADA6946|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Similar shift to English is found in the smaller [[Hong Kong]] Sindhi community.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lock |first1=Graham |last2=Detaramani |first2=Champa |title=Being Indian in post-colonial Hong Kong: Models of ethnicity, culture and language among Sindhis and Sikhs in Hong Kong |journal=Asian Ethnicity |date=2006 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=267–284 |doi=10.1080/14631360600926972 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14631360600926972#page=12.27 |access-date=6 June 2025|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Sindhi speakers by country===
{{static row numbers}}{{sticky header}}{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible static-row-numbers sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:right"
!Country
!Population
|-
| {{flag+link|Languages of|Pakistan}}<ref name="2023 census"/>
| 34,401,564
|-
| {{flag+link|Languages of|India}}<ref name="india census"/>
| 2,772,264
|-
| {{flag+link|Languages of|UAE}}<ref>{{Ethnologue25}}</ref>
| 102,000
|-
| {{flag+link|Languages of|USA}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/language-use/2017-2021-lang-tables.html|title=Detailed Languages Spoken at Home by English-Speaking Ability for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2017-2021|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=2025-06-05}}</ref>
| 6,299
|-
| {{flag+link|Languages of|Canada}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heritage |first=Canadian |date=2024-02-07 |title=Statistics on official languages in Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/official-languages-bilingualism/publications/statistics.html |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref>
| 5,315
|-
| {{flag+link|South Asian languages in|Singapore}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singapore Department of Statistics |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/cop2010/census_2010_release1/cop2010sr1.pdf |title=Census of Population 2010 Statistical Release 1: Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion |date=2011 |publisher=Singapore Department of Statistics |isbn=978-981-08-7808-5 |access-date=2018-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213154440/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/cop2010/census_2010_release1/cop2010sr1.pdf |archive-date=2020-02-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 3,971
|}

==Dialects==
[[File:The dialects of Sindhi language.png|thumb|The dialects of Sindhi language shown on map.]]
Sindhi has many dialects, and forms a [[dialect continuum]] at some places with neighboring languages such as [[Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjabi]] to the north and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] to the south, but not with [[Marwari language|Marwari]] to the east.<ref name="lsi"/> Some of the documented dialects of Sindhi are:<ref>{{e19|Sindhi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3tAqIU0dPsC|title=One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost|last1=Austin|first1=Peter|last2=Austin|first2=Marit Rausing Chair in Field Linguistics Peter K.|date=2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520255609|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|last=Paniker|first=K. Ayyappa|date=1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126003655|language=en}}</ref><ref name="lsi"/><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC7mfihnTcAC&q=sindhi+tribe |title=Gazetteer of the Province of Sind |date=1907 |publisher=Government at the "Mercantile" Steam Press |pages=188–519 |language=en}}</ref>

* '''Vicholi''': The prestige dialect spoken around [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] and central Sindh (the ''Vicholo'' region), on which the literary standard is based.
* '''Uttaradi:''' The dialect of northern Sindh (''Uttaru'', meaning "north"), with minor differences in [[Larkana District|Larkana]], [[Shikarpur District|Shikarpur]] and in parts of [[Sukkur District|Sukkur]] and [[Kandiaro Tehsil|Kandiaro]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1919 |title=Uttaradi |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=8-1&pages=600#page/1/mode/1up}}</ref>
* '''[[Lari dialect (Sindhi)|Lari]]''': The dialect of southern Sindh (''Lāṛu'') spoken around areas like [[Karachi]], [[Thatta District|Thatta]], [[Sujawal District|Sujawal]], [[Tando Muhammad Khan District|Tando Muhammad Khan]] and [[Badin District|Badin]] districts.
* [[Siraiki (Sindhi dialect)|'''Siroli''']] (also '''Siraiki''', '''Ubheji'''): The dialect of northernmost Sindh (''Siro'', meaning "head").{{sfnp|Shackle|2007|p=114}} Spoken in smaller number all over Sindh but mainly in [[Jacobabad District|Jacobabad]] and [[Kashmore District|Kashmore]] districts, it may be transitional with the [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] language variety of southern [[Punjab]]{{sfnp|Masica|1991|p=443}} and has variously been treated either as a dialect of Saraiki or as a dialect of Sindhi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Tariq |date=1995 |title=The Siraiki Movement in Pakistan |journal=Language Problems & Language Planning |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=3 |doi=10.1075/lplp.19.1.01rah}}</ref>
* '''[[Lasi dialect|Lasi]]''': The dialect of [[Lasbela District|Lasbela]], [[Hub District|Hub]] and [[Gwadar District|Gwadar]] districts in Balochistan, closely related to Lari and Vicholi, and in contact with [[Balochi language|Balochi]].
* '''Firaqi''': The dialect of the [[Kacchi Plain|Kachhi plains]] the north eastern districts of Balochistan, where it is referred to as Firaqi Sindhi or commonly just Sindhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fraki Sindhi |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360206034 |quote=Sindhi spoken at Sibi is known as Fraki.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-30 |title=Firaqi Sindhi |url=https://iaoj.wordpress.com/2016/11/30/dialects-of-sindhi-language/comment-page-1/ |website=Indus Asia Online Journal}}</ref>
* '''[[Thareli]]''' (also '''Tharechi'''): Spoken in the northeastern [[Thar Desert|Thar]] desert of Sindh, but mainly spoken in the western part of [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]] district of [[Rajasthan]], India by many Sindhi Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linguistic Survey of India |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=9-2&pages=494#page/122/mode/1up |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/onethousandlangu0000unse |title=One thousand languages : living, endangered, and lost |date=2008 |location=Berkeley |publisher= University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-25560-9}}</ref>
* '''[[Sindhi Bhili]]:''' Spoken in Sindh by the Sindhi [[Sindhi Meghwars|Meghwars]] and [[Sindhi Bhils|Bhils]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sindhi bhil language |url=https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1706816.html?page=3 |website=LotsOfEssays.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sindhi Bhil |url=https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/16734 |website=Global Recordings Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sindhi bhil |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sbn/ |website=Ethnologue}}</ref>

Furthermore, [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] and [[Jadgali language|Jadgali]] are sometimes classified as dialects of Sindhi rather than independent languages.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sindhi dialects Comparison<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linguistic Survey of India |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=8-1&pages=600#page/229/mode/1up |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |page=214}}</ref>
!English
!Vicholi
!Lari
!Uttaradi
!Lasi
!Kutchi<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=The Sweet Language of Kutch |url=https://www.memeraki.com/blogs/news/the-language-of-kutch |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Memeraki Retail and Tech Pvt Ltd. |language=en}}</ref>
!Dhatki
|-
|I
|Aao(n)
|Aao(n)
|Mā(n)
|Ã
|Aau(n)
|Hu(n)
|-
|My
|Muhnjo
|Mujo
|Mānjo/Māhjo
|Mojo/Mājo
|Mujo
|Mānjo/Māhyo
|-
|You "Sin, plu" (formal)
|Awha(n)/Awhee(n)
Tawha(n)/Tawhee(n)
|Aa(n)/Aei(n)
|Taha(n)/Taa(n)/
Tahee(n)/Taee(n)
|Awa(n)/Ai(n)
|Aa(n)/Ai(n)
|Awha/Ahee(n)/ Aween
|-
|To me
|Mukhe
|Muke
|Mānkhe
|Mukh
|Muke
|Mina
|-
|We
|Asee(n)
|Asee(n), Pān
|Asā(n)
|Asee(n)
|Asee(n), Pān
|Asee(n), Asā(n)
|-
|What
|Chha/Kahirō
|Kujjāro/Kujja
|Chha/Shha
|Chho
|Kuro
|Kee
|-
|Why
|Chho
|Ko
|Chho/Shho
|Chhela
|Kolāi/Kurelāe
|Kayla
|-
|How
|Kiya(n)
|Kei(n)
|Kiya(n)
|
|Kee(n)
|Kiya(n)
|-
|No
|Na, Kōna, Kōn
|Nā(n), Kīna
|Na, Kōna, Kāna, Kon, Kān
|Nā(n), Ma
|Nā
|Nā, Ni, Ko, Kon, Ma
|-
|Legs (plural, fem)
|Tangu(n), Jjanghu(n)
|Tangu(n), Jjangu(n)
|Tangā(n), Jjanghā(n)
|
|
|
|-
|Foot
|Pair
|Pair/Pagg/Pagulo
|Pair
|Pair
|Pag
|Pagg, Pair
|-
|Far
|Pare
|Ddoor
|Pare/Parte
|Ddor
|Chhete
|Ddor
|-
|Near
|Vejhō
|Vejo/Ōdō/Ōdirō/Ore
|Vejhō/Vejhe/Orte
|Ōddō
|Wat, bājūme
|Nerro
|-
|Good/Excellent
|Sutho, Chaṅō
|Khāso/Sutho/Thhāuko
|Sutho, Bhalo, Chango
|Khāsho
|Khāso, Laat
|Sutho, Phutro, Thhāuko
|-
|High
|Utāho
|Ucho
|Mathe
|Ucho
|Ucho
|Uncho
|-
|Silver
|Rupo
|Chādi/Rupo
|Chāndi
|Rupo
|Rupo
|
|-
|Father
|Piu
|Pay/Abo/Aba/Ada
|Pee/Babo/Pirhe(n)
|Pe
|Pe, Bapa, Ada
|
|-
|Wife
|Joe/Gharwāri
|Joe/Wani/Kuwār
|Zaal/Gharwāri
|Zaal
|Vahu/Vau
|Ddosi, Luggai
|-
|Man
|Mardu
|Māņu/Mārū/Mard
/Murs/Musālu
|Mānhu/Musālo/Bhāi
/Kāko/Hamra
|Mānhu
|Māḍū/Mārū
|Mārū
|-
|Woman
|Aurat
|Zāla/ōrat/ōlath
|Māi/Ran
|Zāla
|Bāeḍi/Bāyaḍī
|
|-
|Child/Baby
|Bbār/Ningar/Bbālak
|Bbār/Ningar/Gabhur/
Bacho/Kako
|Bbār/Bacho/Adro/
Phar (animal)
|Gabhar
|Bār/Gabhar/Chokro
|
|-
|Daughter
|Dhiu/Niyāni
|Dia/Niyāni/Kañā
|Dhee/Adri
|Dhia
|Dhi/Dhikri
|Dikri
|-
|Sun
|Siju
|Sij, Sūrij
|Sijhu
|Siju
|Sūraj
|Sūraj
|-
|Sunlight
|
|Kārro
|Oosa
|
|Tarko
|
|-
|Cat
|Billi
|Bili/Pusani
|Billi
|Phushini
|Minni
|
|-
|Rain
|Barsāt/Mee(n)h
/Bārish
|Varsāt/Mee(n)/Mai(n)
|Barsāt/Mee(n)hu
|
|Varsāt
|Meh, Maiwla
|-
|And
|Aēi(n)
|Ãū(n)/Ãē(n)/Nē
|Aēi(n)/Aū(n)/Aen
|Ãē/Or
|Nē/Anē
|A'e(n)/Ān
|-
|Also
|Pin/Bhi
|Pin, Bee
|Bu/Pun
|
|Pin/Pan
|
|-
|Is
|Āhe
|Āye
|Aa/Āhe/Hai
|Āhe/Āye
|Āye
|Āhe/Āh/Āye/Hai
|-
|Fire
|Bāhe
|Bāē/āgg/jjērō
|Bāhe/Bāh
|Jjērō
|Jirō/lagāņō/āg
|
|-
|Water
|Pāņī
|Pāņī/Jal
|Pāņī
|Pāņī
|Pāņī/Jal
|Pāņī
|-
|Where
|Kithē
|Kithē
|Kithē, Kāthe, Kehda, Kāday, Kādah, Kidah, Kithrē
|Kith
|Kidhē/Kidhā
|Kith
|-
|Sleep
|Nindr(a)
|Nind(a)
|Nindr(a)
|Nind
|Ninder
|Oongh
|-
|Slap
|Thaparr/Chammāt
|Tārr
|Chamātu/Chapātu/
Lapātu/Thapu
|
|Thapaat
|
|-
|To Wash
|Dhoain(u)
|Dhun(u)
|Dhoain(u)/Dhuan(u)/
Dhowan(u)
|
|Dhowan
|Dhuwan(u)/
Dhoon(u)
|-
|Will write (Masc)
|Likhandum, Likhandus
|Likhados
|Likhdum, Likhdus
|Likhdosī
|likhdos (m) / likhdis (f)
|Likhsā(n)
|-
|I Went
|Aao(n) Vius
|Aao(n) Vēs
|Ma(n) Vayus (m)/ Vayas (f)
|Ã viosī
|Aau vyos (m) / veyis (f)
|Hu Gios
|}

== Phonology ==
Sindhi has a relatively large inventory of both consonants and vowels compared to other Indo-Aryan languages.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/sindhi/ | title=Sindhi Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet - MustGo }}</ref> Sindhi has 46 [[consonant]] [[phoneme]]s and 10 [[vowel]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Raza |first1=Sarfraz |last2=Zahid |first2=Agha Furrukh |last3=Raza |first3=Usman |title=Phonemic Inventory of Sindhi and Acoustic Analysis of Voiced Implosives |url=https://uogenglish.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/sindhi-phonemic-inventory.pdf |access-date=29 October 2023 |website=uogenglish.files.wordpress.com}}</ref> The consonant to vowel ratio is around average for the world's languages at 2.8.<ref>Nihalani, Paroo. (1999). ''Handbook of the International Phonetic Association'' (Sindhi). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> All [[plosive]]s, [[affricate]]s, [[nasal stop|nasals]], the [[retroflex flap]], and the [[lateral approximant]] /l/ have [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] or [[breathy voice]]d counterparts. The language also features four [[Implosive consonant|implosive]]s.

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|- style="font-size: 90%;"
|+Sindhi consonants<ref>{{cite journal |title= Illustration of the IPA – Sindhi |issue= 2 |pages= 95–98 |first= Paroo |last= Nihalani |date=December 1, 1995 |journal= Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume= 25 |doi= 10.1017/S0025100300005235 |s2cid= 249410954 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |
!colspan=2| [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
!colspan=2| [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
!colspan=2| [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
!colspan=2| [[Palatal consonant|(Alveolo-) Palatal]]
!colspan=2| [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
!colspan=2| [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
!plain
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|m}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|م}}}} {{script/Devanagari|म}}}} 𑋗
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|n}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ن}}}} {{script/Devanagari|न}}}} 𑋑
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɳ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڻ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|ण}}}} 𑋌
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɲ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڃ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|ञ}}}} 𑋅
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ŋ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڱ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|ङ}}}} 𑊿
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Breathy voice|breathy]]
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|mʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|مهہ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|म्ह}}}}
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|nʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|نهہ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|न्ह}}}}
| style="border-right:none;"| || style="border-left:none;"|{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɳʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڻهہ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|ण्ह}}}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]/ [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!plain
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|p}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|پ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|प}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|b}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ب}}}} {{script/Devanagari|ब}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|t̪|t̪}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ت}}}}{{script/Devanagari|त}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|d̪|d̪}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|د}}}}{{script/Devanagari|द}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ʈ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ٽ}}}} {{script/Devanagari|ट}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɖ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڊ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ड}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|tɕ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|چ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|च}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑋀}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|dʑ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ج}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ज}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|k}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڪ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|क}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑊺}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɡ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|گ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ग}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑊼}}}}
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Breathy voice|breathy]]
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|pʰ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڦ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|फ}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|bʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڀ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|भ}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|t̪ʰ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ٿ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|थ}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|d̪ʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڌ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ध}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ʈʰ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ٺ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ठ}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɖʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڍ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ढ}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|tɕʰ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڇ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|छ}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑋁}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|dʑʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|جهہ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|झ}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|kʰ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ک}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ख}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑊻}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɡʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|گهہ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|घ}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑊾}}}}
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Implosive consonant|Implosive]]
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɓ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ٻ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ॿ}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɗ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڏ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ॾ}}}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ʄ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڄ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ॼ}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɠ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڳ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ॻ}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑊽}}}}
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|f}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ف}}}}{{script/Devanagari|फ़}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|s}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|س}}}}{{script/Devanagari|स}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|z}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ز}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ज़}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ʂ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ش}}}}{{script/Devanagari|श ष}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|x}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|خ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ख़}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑊻𑋩}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɣ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|غ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ग़}} {{script/Khudawadi|𑊼𑋩}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|h}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ھ ه}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ह}}}}|| style="border-left:none;" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
!plain
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ʋ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|و}}}}{{script/Devanagari|व}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|l̪|l}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ل}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ल}}}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|j}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ي}}}}{{script/Devanagari|य}}}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Breathy voice|breathy]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|lʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|لهہ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ल्ह}}}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
!plain
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|r}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ر}}}}{{script/Devanagari|र}}}}
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɽ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڙ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ड़}}}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Breathy voice|breathy]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:none;" | || style="border-left:none;" |{{nowrap|{{IPA link|ɽʱ}} {{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڙهہ}}}}{{script/Devanagari|ढ़}}}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
The retroflex consonants are [[Apical consonant|apical]] [[postalveolar]] and do not involve curling back of the tip of the tongue,{{sfnp|Nihalani|1974|p=207}} so they could be transcribed {{IPA|[t̠, t̠ʰ, d̠, d̠ʱ n̠ n̠ʱ ɾ̠ ɾ̠ʱ]}} in phonetic transcription. The affricates {{IPA|/tɕ, tɕʰ, dʑ, dʑʱ/}} are laminal post-alveolars with a relatively short release. It is not clear if {{IPA|/ɲ/}} is similar, or truly palatal.<ref>The IPA ''Handbook'' uses the symbols {{IPA|c, cʰ, ɟ, ɟʱ}}, but makes it clear this is simply tradition and that these are neither palatal nor stops, but "laminal post-alveolars with a relatively short release". [[#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996|Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:83)]] confirm a transcription of {{IPA|[t̠ɕ, t̠ɕʰ, d̠ʑ, d̠ʑʱ]}} and further remarks that "{{IPA|/ʄ/}} is often a slightly creaky voiced palatal approximant" (caption of table 3.19).</ref> {{IPA|/ʋ/}} is realized as labiovelar {{IPA|[w]}} or labiodental {{IPA|[ʋ]}} in free variation, but is not common, except before a stop.[[File:Sindhi vowel chart.svg|thumb|The vowel phonemes of Sindhi on a [[vowel chart]]]]

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
|{{IPA link|ɪ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʊ}}
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|
|{{IPA link|ə}}
|
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| rowspan="2" |{{IPA link|æ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|{{IPA link|ɑ}}
|}The vowels are modal length {{IPA|/i e æ ɑ ɔ o u/}} and short {{IPA|/ɪ ʊ ə/}}. Consonants following short vowels are lengthened: {{IPA|/pət̪o/ [pət̪ˑoː]}} 'leaf' vs. {{IPA|/pɑt̪o/ [pɑːt̪oː]}} 'worn'.

== Grammar ==

===Nouns===
Sindhi nouns distinguish two [[grammatical gender|genders]] (masculine and feminine), two [[grammatical number|numbers]] (singular and plural), and five [[grammatical case|cases]] (nominative, vocative, oblique, ablative, and locative). This is a similar paradigm to [[Punjabi grammar|Punjabi]]. Almost all Sindhi noun stems end in a vowel, except for some recent loanwords. The declension of a noun in Sindhi is largely determined from its grammatical gender and the final vowel (or if there is no final vowel). Generally, ''-o'' stems are masculine and ''-a'' stems are feminine, but the other final vowels can belong to either gender.

The different paradigms are listed below with examples.<ref name="jetley">{{cite thesis |last1=Jetley |first1=Murlidhar Kishinchand |title=Morphology of Sindhi: A descriptive analysis of Vicholi, the standard Sindhi dialect |date=1964 |publisher=Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute Pune |hdl=10603/145755 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/145755}}</ref> The ablative and locative cases are used with only some lexemes in the singular number and hence not listed, but predictably take the suffixes ''-ā̃'' / ''-aū̃'' / ''-ū̃'' ({{gcl|ABL}}) and ''-i'' ({{gcl|LOC}}).

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | {{gcl|SG}}
! colspan=3 | {{gcl|PL}}
! rowspan=2 | Gloss
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}} !! {{gcl|VOC}} !! {{gcl|OBL}}
! {{gcl|NOM}} !! {{gcl|VOC}} !! {{gcl|OBL}}
|-
! rowspan=6 | {{gcl|M}}
! ''I''
| {{Naskh|ڇوڪِرو}} {{script/Devanagari|छोकिरो}} ''chokiro''
| {{Naskh|ڇوڪِرا}} {{script/Devanagari|छोकिरा}} ''chokirā''
| {{Naskh|ڇوڪِري}} {{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे}} ''chokire''
| {{Naskh|ڇوڪِرا}} {{script/Devanagari|छोकिरा}} ''chokirā''
| {{Naskh|ڇوڪِرا / ڇوڪِرَ}}{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरो / छोकिर}} ''chokirā'' / ''chokira''
| {{Naskh|ڇوڪِرَنِ}}{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरनि}} ''chokirani''
| boy
|-
! ''II''
| {{Naskh|ٻارُ}} {{script/Devanagari|ॿारु}} ''ɓāru''
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|ٻارَ}} {{script/Devanagari|ॿार}} ''ɓāra''
| {{Naskh|ٻارو / ٻارَ}} {{script/Devanagari|ॿार /ॿारो}} ''ɓāra'' / ''ɓāro''
| {{Naskh|ٻارَنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|ॿारनि}} ''ɓārani''
| child
|-
! rowspan=2 | ''III''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|ساٿِي}} {{script/Devanagari|साथी}} ''sāthī''
| {{Naskh|ساٿِيءَ}} {{script/Devanagari|साथीअ}} ''sāthīa''
| {{Naskh|ساٿِي}} {{script/Devanagari|साथी}} ''sāthī''
| {{Naskh|ساٿيئَرو}} {{script/Devanagari|साथीअरो}} ''sāthīaro''
| {{Naskh|ساٿيَنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|साथियनि}} ''sāthyani''
| companion
|-
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|رَھاڪُو}} {{script/Devanagari|रहाकू}} ''rahākū''
| {{Naskh|رَھاڪُوءَ}} {{script/Devanagari|रहाकूअ}} ''rahākūa''
| {{Naskh|رَھاڪُو}} {{script/Devanagari|रहाकू}} ''rahākū''
| {{Naskh|رَھاڪُئو}} {{script/Devanagari|रहाकूओ}} ''rahākuo''
| {{Naskh|رَھاڪُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|रहाकुनि}} ''rahākuni''
| inhabitant
|-
! rowspan=2 | ''IV''
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|راجا}} {{script/Devanagari|राजा}} ''rājā''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|راجا / راجائتو }} {{script/Devanagari|राजा / राजाइतो}} ''rājā'' / ''rājāito''
| {{Naskh|راجائُنِ }} {{script/Devanagari|राजाउनि}} ''rājāuni''
| king
|-
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|سيٺُ}} {{script/Devanagari|सेठु}} ''seṭhu''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|سيٺَ }} {{script/Devanagari|सेठ}} ''seṭha''
| {{Naskh|سيٺَنِ }} {{script/Devanagari|सेठनि}} ''seṭhani''
| merchant
|-
! rowspan=7 | {{gcl|F}}
! rowspan=2 | ''I''
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|زالَ}} {{script/Devanagari|ज़ाल}} ''zāla''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|زالُون}} {{script/Devanagari|ज़ालूं}} ''zālū̃''
| {{Naskh|زالُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|ज़ालुनि}} ''zāluni''
| woman, wife
|-
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|سَسُ}} {{script/Devanagari|ससु}} ''sasu''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|سَسُون}} {{script/Devanagari|ससूं}} ''sasū̃''
| {{Naskh|سَسُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|ससुनि}} ''sasuni''
| mother-in-law
|-
! rowspan=3 | ''II''
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|دَوا}} {{script/Devanagari|दवा}} ''davā''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|دَوائُون}} {{script/Devanagari|दवाऊं}} ''davāū̃''
| {{Naskh|دَوائُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|दवाउनि}} ''davāuni''
| medicine
|-
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|راتِ}} {{script/Devanagari|राति}} ''rāti''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|راتيُون}} {{script/Devanagari|रातियूं}} ''rātyū̃''
| {{Naskh|راتيُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|रातियुनि}} ''rātyuni''
| night
|-
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|هوٽَل}} {{script/Devanagari|होटल}} ''hoṭal''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|هوٽَلُون}} {{script/Devanagari|होटलूं}} ''hoṭalū̃''
| {{Naskh|هوٽَلُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|होटलुनि}} ''hoṭaluni''
| hotel
|-
! ''III''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|ڳَئُون}} {{script/Devanagari|ॻऊं}} ''ɠaū̃''
| {{Naskh|ڳَئُونَ}} {{script/Devanagari|ॻऊंअ}} ''ɠaū̃a''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|ڳَئُون}} {{script/Devanagari|ॻऊं}} ''ɠaū̃''
| {{Naskh|ڳَئُونِ}} {{script/Devanagari|ॻऊनि}} ''ɠaūni''
| cow
|-
! ''IV''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|نَدِي}} {{script/Devanagari|नदी}} ''nadī''
| {{Naskh|نَدِيءَ}} {{script/Devanagari|नदीअ}} ''nadīa''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|نَديُون}} {{script/Devanagari|नदियूं}} ''nadyū̃''
| {{Naskh|نَديُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|नदियुनि}} ''nadyuni''
| river
|}

A few nouns representing familial relations take irregular declensions with an extension in ''-r-'' in the plural. These are the masculine nouns {{Naskh|ڀاءُ}} {{script/Devanagari|भाउ}} ''bhāu'' "brother", {{Naskh|پِيءُ}} {{script/Devanagari|पिउ}} ''pīu'' "father", and the feminine nouns {{Naskh|ڌِيءَ}} {{script/Devanagari|धीअ}} ''dhīa'' "daughter", {{Naskh|نُونھَن}} {{script/Devanagari|नूंहं}} ''nū̃hã'' "daughter-in-law", {{Naskh|ڀيڻَ}} {{script/Devanagari|भेण}} ''bheṇa'' "sister", {{Naskh|ماءُ}} {{script/Devanagari|माउ}} ''māu'' "mother", and {{Naskh|جوءِ}} {{script/Devanagari|जोइ}} ''joi'' "wife".<ref name="jetley"/>

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | {{gcl|SG}}
! colspan=3 | {{gcl|PL}}
! rowspan=2 | Gloss
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}} !! {{gcl|VOC}} !! {{gcl|OBL}}
! {{gcl|NOM}} !! {{gcl|VOC}} !! {{gcl|OBL}}
|-
! {{gcl|M}}
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|ڀاءُ}} {{script/Devanagari|भाउ}} ''bhāu''
| {{Naskh|ڀائُرُ / ڀائُرَ}} {{script/Devanagari|भाउरु / भाउर}} ''bhāuru'' / ''bhāura''
| {{Naskh|ڀائُرَ / ڀائُرو}} {{script/Devanagari|भाउर / भाउरो}} ''bhāura'' / ''bhāuro''
| {{Naskh|ڀائُرَنِ / ڀائُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|भाउरनि / भाउनि}} ''bhāurani'' / ''bhāuni''
| brother
|-
! {{gcl|F}}
| colspan=3 | {{Naskh|ڌِيءَ / ڌِيءُ}} {{script/Devanagari|धीअ / धीउ}} ''dhīa'' / ''dhīu''
| colspan=2 | {{Naskh|ڌِيئَرُ / ڌِيئَرُون / ڌِيئُون}} {{script/Devanagari|धीअरु / धीअरूं / धीऊं}} ''dhīaru'' / ''dhīarū̃'' / ''dhīū̃''
| {{Naskh|ڌِيئَرُنِ / ڌِيئُنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|धीअरुनि / धीउनि}} ''dhīaruni'' / ''dhīuni''
| daughter
|}

===Pronouns===

====Personal pronouns====

{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Personal pronouns
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | {{gcl|SG}}
! colspan=2 | {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}}
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}}
|-
! {{gcl|NOM}}
| {{script/Arabic|مَان}} / {{script/Arabic|آئُون}} {{script/Devanagari|मां}} / {{script/Devanagari|आऊं}} ''mā̃'' / ''āū̃''
| {{script/Arabic|تُون}} {{script/Devanagari|तूं}} ''tū̃''
| {{script/Arabic|اَسِين}} {{script/Devanagari|असीं}} ''asī̃''
| {{script/Arabic|تَوِھِين}} {{script/Devanagari|तव्हीं}} ''tavhī̃''
|-
! {{gcl|OBL}}
| {{script/Arabic|مُون}} {{script/Devanagari|मूं}} ''mū̃''
| {{script/Arabic|تو}} {{script/Devanagari|तो}} ''to''
| {{script/Arabic|اَسَان}} {{script/Devanagari|असां}} ''asā̃''
| {{script/Arabic|تَوِھَان}} {{script/Devanagari|तव्हां}} ''tavhā̃''
|-
! {{gcl|GEN}}
| {{script/Arabic|مُنھِنجو}} {{script/Devanagari|मुंहिंजो}} ''mũhinjo''
| {{script/Arabic|تُنھِنجو}} {{script/Devanagari|तुंहिंजो}} ''tũhinjo''
| colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|}
Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Sindhi has first and second-person [[personal pronoun]]s as well as several types of third-person proximal and distal [[demonstrative]]s. These decline in the nominative and oblique cases. The genitive is a special form for the first and second-person singular, but formed as usual with the oblique and case marker جو {{script/Devanagari|जो}} ''jo'' for the rest. The personal pronouns are listed to the right.{{sfnp|Khubchandani|2003}}<ref name="sindhi1">{{cite web |date=April 21, 2024 |title=Structure of Sindhi Language |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Sindhi/sindhi_struct.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241028182548/http://lisindia.ciil.org/Sindhi/sindhi_struct.html |archive-date=28 October 2024 |website=Central Institute of Indian Languages |location=India Mysore}}</ref>

The third-person pronouns are listed below. Besides the unmarked demonstratives, there are also "specific" and "present" demonstratives. In the nominative singular, the demonstratives are marked for gender. Some other pronouns which decline identically to {{script/Arabic|ڪو}} {{script/Devanagari|को}} ''ko'' "someone" are {{script/Arabic|ھَرڪو}} {{script/Devanagari|हरको}} ''har-ko'' "everyone", {{script/Arabic|سَڀڪو}} {{script/Devanagari|सभको}} ''sabh-ko'' "all of them", {{script/Arabic|جيڪو}} {{script/Devanagari|जेको}} ''je-ko'' "whoever" (relative), and {{script/Arabic|تيڪو}} {{script/Devanagari|तेको}} ''te-ko'' "that one" (correlative).{{sfnp|Khubchandani|2003}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Third-person pronouns
! colspan=3 rowspan=3 |
! colspan=7 | [[Demonstratives|Demonstrative]]
! rowspan=3 | [[Interrogative pronoun|Interrogative]]
! rowspan=3 | [[Relative pronoun|Relative]]
! rowspan=3 | [[Correlative pronoun|Correlative]]
|-
! colspan=2 | Unmarked
! colspan=2 | Specific
! colspan=2 | Present
! rowspan=2 | Indefinite
|-
! {{gcl|PROX|proximal}} !! {{gcl|DIST}}
! {{gcl|PROX|proximal}} !! {{gcl|DIST}}
! {{gcl|PROX|proximal}} !! {{gcl|DIST}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | {{gcl|SG}}
! rowspan=2 | {{gcl|NOM}}
! {{gcl|M}}
| {{script/Arabic|ھِي}} {{script/Devanagari|ही}} ''hī''
| {{script/Arabic|ھُو}} {{script/Devanagari|हू}} ''hū''
| {{script/Arabic|اِھو}} {{script/Devanagari|इहो}} ''iho''
| {{script/Arabic|اُھو}} {{script/Devanagari|उहो}} ''uho''
| {{script/Arabic|اِجهو}} {{script/Devanagari|इझो}} ''ijho''
| {{script/Arabic|اوجهو}} {{script/Devanagari|ओझो}} ''ojho''
| {{script/Arabic|ڪو}} {{script/Devanagari|को}} ''ko''
| {{script/Arabic|ڪيرُ}} {{script/Devanagari|केरु}} ''keru''
| {{script/Arabic|جو}} {{script/Devanagari|जो}} ''jo''
| {{script/Arabic|سو}} {{script/Devanagari|सो}} ''so''
|-
! {{gcl|F}}
| {{script/Arabic|ھِيءَ}} {{script/Devanagari|हीअ}} ''hīa''
| {{script/Arabic|ھُوءَ}} {{script/Devanagari|हूअ}} ''hūa''
| {{script/Arabic|اِھَا}} {{script/Devanagari|इहा}} ''ihā''
| {{script/Arabic|اُھَا}} {{script/Devanagari|उहा}} ''uhā''
| {{script/Arabic|اِجَها}} {{script/Devanagari|इझा}} ''ijhā''
| {{script/Arabic|اوجَها}} {{script/Devanagari|ओझा}} ''ojhā''
| {{script/Arabic|ڪَا}} {{script/Devanagari|का}} ''kā''
| {{script/Arabic|ڪيرَ}} {{script/Devanagari|केर}} ''kera''
| {{script/Arabic|جَا}} {{script/Devanagari|जा}} ''jā''
| {{script/Arabic|سَا}} {{script/Devanagari|सा}} ''sā''
|-
! colspan=2 | {{gcl|OBL}}
| {{script/Arabic|ھِنَ}} {{script/Devanagari|हिन}} ''hina''
| {{script/Arabic|ھُنَ}} {{script/Devanagari|हुन}} ''huna''
| {{script/Arabic|اِنهين}} {{script/Devanagari|इन्हें}} ''inhẽ''
| {{script/Arabic|اُنهين}} {{script/Devanagari|उन्हें}} ''unhẽ''
| colspan=2 {{n/a}}
| colspan=2 | {{script/Arabic|ڪَنْھِن}} {{script/Devanagari|कंहिं}} ''kãhĩ''
| {{script/Arabic|جَنْھِن}} {{script/Devanagari|जंहिं}} ''jãhĩ''
| {{script/Arabic|تَنْھِن}} {{script/Devanagari|तंहिं}} ''tãhĩ''
|-
! rowspan=2 | {{gcl|PL}}
! colspan=2 | {{gcl|NOM}}
| {{script/Arabic|ھِي}} {{script/Devanagari|ही}} ''hī''
| {{script/Arabic|ھُو}} {{script/Devanagari|हू}} ''hū''
| {{script/Arabic|اِھي}} {{script/Devanagari|इहे}} ''ihe''
| {{script/Arabic|اُھي}} {{script/Devanagari|उहे}} ''uhe''
| {{script/Arabic|اِجهي}} {{script/Devanagari|इझे}} ''ijhe''
| {{script/Arabic|اوجهي}} {{script/Devanagari|ओझे}} ''ojhe''
| {{script/Arabic|ڪي}} {{script/Devanagari|के}} ''ke''
| {{script/Arabic|ڪيرَ}} {{script/Devanagari|केर}} ''kera''
| {{script/Arabic|جي}} {{script/Devanagari|जे}} ''je''
| {{script/Arabic|سي}} {{script/Devanagari|से}} ''se''
|-
! colspan=2 | {{gcl|OBL}}
| {{script/Arabic|ھِنَنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|हिननि}} ''hinani''
| {{script/Arabic|ھُنَنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|हुननि}} ''hunani''
| {{script/Arabic|اِنَهنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|इन्हनि}} ''inhani''
| {{script/Arabic|اُنَهنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|उन्हनि}} ''unhani''
| colspan=2 {{n/a}}
| colspan=2 | {{script/Arabic|ڪِنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|किनि}} ''kini''
| {{script/Arabic|جِنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|जिनि}} ''jini''
| {{script/Arabic|تنِ}} {{script/Devanagari|तिनि}} ''tini''
|}

====Pronominal suffixes====
Unlike other Indo-Aryan languages, Sindhi has prononimal suffixes which can be used as an alternative way to express possession instead of possessive pronouns.{{r|trumpp|p=225}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Pronominal suffixes
! colspan=3 | {{gcl|SG}}
! colspan=3 | {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}
|-
| {{script/Arabic|-مِ}} {{script/Devanagari|-मि}} ''-mi''
| {{script/Arabic|-ِ}} {{script/Devanagari|-इ}} ''-i''
| {{script/Arabic|-سِ}} {{script/Devanagari|-सि}} ''-si''
| {{script/Arabic|-ُون}} {{script/Devanagari|-ऊं}} ''-ū̃''
| {{script/Arabic|-وَ}} {{script/Devanagari|-व}} ''-va''
| {{script/Arabic|-نِ}} {{script/Devanagari|-नि}} ''-ni''
|}

===Numerals===
{|
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
! Num.{{r|trumpp|p=157-158}}
! colspan=2 | Cardinal
!
|-
! 0
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|ٻُڙِي}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|ॿुड़ी}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|ɓuṛi}}
|-
! 1
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|هِڪُ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|हिकु}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|hiku}}
|-
! 2
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|ٻَہ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|ॿ}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|ɓa}}
|-
! 3
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|ٽي}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|टे}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|ṭe}}
|-
! 4
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|چَارِ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|चारि}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|cāri}}
|-
! 5
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|پَنج}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|पञ्ज}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|pañja}}
|-
! 6
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|ڇَھَہ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छह}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|chaha}}
|-
! 7
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|سَتَ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|सत}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|sata}}
|-
! 8
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|اَٺَ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|अठ}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|aṭha}}
|-
! 9
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|نَوَ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|नव}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|nava}}
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
! Num.
! colspan=2 | Cardinal
!
|-
! 10
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|ڏَھَہ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|ॾह}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|ɗaha}}
|-
! 11
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|يَارَنھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|यारंहं}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|yārãhã}}
|-
! 12
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|ٻَارَھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|ॿारहं}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|ɓārahã}}
|-
! 13
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|تيرَھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|तेरहं}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|terahã}}
|-
! 14
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|چوڏَھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|चोॾहं}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|coɗahã}}
|-
! 15
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|پَندرَھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|पन्द्रहं}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|pandrahã}}
|-
! 16
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|سورَھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|सोरहं}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|sorahã}}
|-
! 17
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|سَترَھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|सत्रहं}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|satrahã}}
|-
! 18
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|اَرِڙَھَن / اَٺَارَھَن}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|अरिड़हं/ अठारहं}}}} || {{Transliteration|sd|ariṛahã / aṭhārahã}}
|-
! 19
| {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|اُڻوِيھَہ}}}} || {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|उणवीह}}}} ||{{Transliteration|sd|uṇvīha}}
|}
|}

===Postpositions===
Most nominal relations (e.g. the [[theta role|semantic role]] of a nominal as an argument to a verb) are indicated using postpositions, which follow a noun in the oblique case. The subject of the verb takes the bare oblique case, while the object may be in nominative case or in oblique case and followed by the [[accusative case]] marker {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|کي}}}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|खे}}}} ''khe''.<ref name="trumpp">{{cite book |last1=Trumpp |first1=Ernest |title=Grammar of the Sindhi language |date=1872 |publisher=Trübner and Co. |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/grammarofsindhil00trum}}</ref>

The postpositions are divided into '''case markers''', which directly follow the noun, and '''complex postpositions''', which combine with a case marker (usually the genitive {{lang|sd-Arab|{{script/Arabic|جو}}}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|जो}}}} ''jo'').

====Case markers====
The case markers are listed below.{{r|trumpp|p=399}}

The postpositions with the suffix ''-o'' decline in gender and number to agree with their governor, e.g. {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِرو جو پِيءُ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरो जो पीउ}}}} ''chokiro j-o pīu'' "the boy's father" but {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِر جِي مَاءُ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरो जी माउ}}}} ''chokiro j-ī māu'' "the boy's mother".

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Case markers
! Case !! Marker !! Example !! English
|-
| [[Nominative case|Nominative]] || — || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِرو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरो}}}} ''chokiro'' || the boy
|-
| [[Accusative case|Accusative]] [[Dative case|Dative]]
| {{script/Arabic|کي}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|खे}}}} ''khe''
| {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري کي}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे खे}}}} ''chokire khe''
| the boy to the boy
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Genitive case|Genitive]]
| {{script/Arabic|جو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|जो}}}} ''j-o'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري جو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे जो}}}} ''chokire jo''
| rowspan=2 | of the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|سَندو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|सन्दो}}}} ''sand-o'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري سَندو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे सन्दो}}}} ''chokire sando''
|-
| [[Sociative case|Sociative]] || {{script/Arabic|سُڌو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|सुधो}}}} ''sudh-o'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري سُڌو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे सुधो}}}} ''chokire sudho'' || along with the boy
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Comitative case|Comitative]] [[Instrumental case|Instrumental]]
| {{script/Arabic|سَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|सां}}}} ''sā̃'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري سَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे सां}}}} ''chokire sā̃''
| rowspan=2 | with the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|سَاڻُ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|साणु}}}} ''sāṇu'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري سَاڻُ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे साणु}}}} ''chokire sāṇu''
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Locative case|Locative]]
| {{script/Arabic|۾}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|में}}}} ''mẽ'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري ۾}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे में}}}} ''chokire mẽ''
| rowspan=2 | in the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|مَنجِهہ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|मंझि}}}} ''manjhi'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري مَنجِهہ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे मंझि}}}} ''chokire manjhi''
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Adessive case|Adessive]]
| {{script/Arabic|تي}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|टे}}}} ''te'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري تي}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे टे}}}} ''chokire te'' || on the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|وَٽِ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|वटि}}}} ''vaṭi'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري وَٽِ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे वटि}}}} ''chokire vaṭi'' || near the boy the boy has...
|-
| [[Orientative case|Orientative]] || {{script/Arabic|ڏَانھَن}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|ॾांहं}}}} ''ḍā̃hã'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري ڏَانھَن}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे ॾांहं}}}} ''chokire ḍā̃hã'' || towards the boy
|-
| [[Terminative case|Terminative]] || {{script/Arabic|تَائيِن}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|ताईं}}}} ''tāī̃'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري تَائيِن}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे ताईं}}}} ''chokire tāī̃'' || up to the boy
|-
| [[Benefactive case|Benefactive]] || {{script/Arabic|لاءِ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|लाइ}}}} ''lāi'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري لاءِ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे लाइ}}}} ''chokire lāi'' || for the boy
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Semblative case|Semblative]]
| {{script/Arabic|وَانگُرُ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|वांगुरु}}}} ''vānguru'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري وَانگُرُ}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे वांगुरु}}}} ''chokire vānguru''
| rowspan=2 | like the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جَھْڙو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|जहड़ो}}}} ''jahṛ-o'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري جَھْڙو}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे जहड़ो}}}} ''chokire jahṛo''
|}

There are several [[ablative case]] markers formed from the spatial postpositions and the ablative ending ''-ā̃''. These indicate complex motion such as "from inside of".{{r|trumpp|p=400}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ablative case markers
! Marker !! Example !! English
|-
| {{script/Arabic|کَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|खां}}}} ''khā̃'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري کَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे खां}}}} ''chokire khā̃'' || from the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|مَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|मां}}}} ''mā̃'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري مَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे मां}}}} ''chokire mā̃'' || from inside the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|تَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|तां}}}} ''tā̃'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري تَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे तां}}}} ''chokire tā̃'' || from upon the boy
|-
| {{script/Arabic|ڏَانھَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|ॾांहां}}}} ''ḍā̃hā̃'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري ڏَانھَان}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे ॾांहां}}}} ''chokire ḍā̃hā̃'' || from the direction of the boy
|}

Finally, some case markers are found in medieval Sindhi literature and/or modern poetic Sindhi, and otherwise not used in standard speech.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Obsolete/rare case markers
! Case !! Marker !! Example !! English
|-
| [[Accusative case|Accusative]] [[Adessive case|Adessive]] || {{script/Arabic|ڪَني}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|कने}}}} ''kane'' || {{script/Arabic|ڇوڪِري ڪَني}} {{lang|sd-Deva|{{script/Devanagari|छोकिरे कने}}}} ''chokire kane'' || to/near the boy
|}

====Complex postpositions====
The complex postpositions are formed with a case marker, usually the genitive but sometimes the ablative. Many are listed below.{{r|trumpp|p=405}}

{| class="wikitable"
! {{script/Arabic|سِنڌِي}} !! {{script/Devanagari|सिन्धी}} !! Transliteration !! Explanation
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي اَڳيَان}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे अॻ्यां}} || ''je aɠyā̃'' || "ahead of, before"; [[apudessive case|apudessive]]
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي اَندَرِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे अन्दरि}} || ''je andari'' || "inside of"; [[inessive case|inessive]]
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي بَدِرَان}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे बदिरां}} || ''je badirā̃'' || "instead of, in place of"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي بَرَابَر}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे बराबर}} || ''je barābar'' || "equal to"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي ٻَاھَرَان}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे ॿाहरां}} || ''je ɓāharā̃''
| rowspan=2 | "outside of"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|کَان ٻَاھَرِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|खां ॿाहरि}} || ''khā̃ ɓāhari''
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي باري ۾}} || ''{{script/Devanagari|जे बारे में}}'' || ''je bāre mẽ''|| "about, concerning"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي چَوڌَارِي}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे चौधारी}} || ''je caudhārī'' || "around"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي ھيٺَان}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे हेठां}} || ''je heṭhā̃'' || "below, under"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي ڪَري}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे करे}} || ''je kare'' || "for, on account of"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي لَاءِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे लाइ}} || ''je lāi'' || "for"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي مَٿَان}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे मथां}} || ''je mathā̃'' || "above, on top of, upon"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|کَان پَري}} || {{script/Devanagari|खां परे}} || ''khā̃ pare'' || "far from"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي پَارِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे पारि}} || ''je pāri'' || "across, on the other side of"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي پَاسي}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे पासे}} || ''je pāse'' || "on the side of, near"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|کَان پوءِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|खां पोइ}} || ''khā̃ poi'' || "after"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي پُٺيَان}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे पुठियां}} || ''je puṭhyā̃'' || "behind"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي سَامهون}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे साम्हों}} || ''je sāmhõ'' || "in front of, facing"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|کَان سِوَاءِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|खां सिवाइ}} || ''khā̃ sivāi'' || "besides, apart from"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي وَاسطي}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे वास्ते}} || ''je vāste'' || "for the sake of, on account of"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي ويجهو}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे वेझो}} || ''je vejho'' || "near"; [[adessive case|adessive]]
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي وِچِ ۾}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे विचि में}} || ''je vici mẽ'' || "between, among"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي خَاطِرِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे ख़ातिरि}} || ''je xātiri'' || "for the sake of"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي خِلَافِ}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे ख़िलाफ़ि}} || ''je xilāfi'' || "against"
|-
| {{script/Arabic|جي ذَرِيعي}} || {{script/Devanagari|जे ज़रिये}} || ''je zarī'e'' || "via, through"; [[perlative case|perlative]]
|}

=== Vocabulary ===
According to historian [[Nabi Bux Baloch]], most Sindhi vocabulary is from ancient [[Sanskrit]]. However, owing to the influence of the Persian language over the subcontinent, Sindhi has adapted many words from Persian and Arabic. It has also borrowed from English and [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]. Today, Sindhi in Pakistan is slightly influenced by [[Urdu]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}, with more borrowed Perso-Arabic elements, while Sindhi in India is influenced by Hindi{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}, with more borrowed [[tatsama|tatsam]] Sanskrit elements.{{sfnmp|Cole|2001|1pp=652–653|Khubchandani|2003|2pp=624–625}}

==Writing systems==
Sindhis in Pakistan use a version of the [[Perso-Arabic script]] with new letters adapted to Sindhi phonology, while in India a greater variety of scripts is in use, including [[Devanagari script|Devanagari]], [[Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]], [[Khojki script|Khojki]], and [[Gurmukhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Manoj R. |date=2018-07-30 |title=The dispute over script still endures among Sindhis |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/the-dispute-over-script-still-endures-among-sindhis/story-vCiMcJEBCrlgoKO1hLponN.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Perso-Arabic for Sindhi was also made digitally accessible relatively earlier.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 7, 2020 |title=Sindhi becomes the first language from Pakistan to be selected for digitization. |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/322814-sindhi-becomes-first-language-from-pakistan-to-be-selected-for-digitisation |website=Geo News}}</ref>

The earliest attested records in Sindhi are from the 15th century.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica"/> Before the standardisation of Sindhi orthography, numerous forms of [[Devanagari]] and [[Laṇḍā]] scripts were used for trading. For literary and religious purposes, a [[Perso-Arabic script]] developed by [[Abul Hassan Sagheer Sindhi|Abul-Hasan as-Sindi]] and [[Gurmukhi]] (a subset of Laṇḍā) were used. Another two scripts, Khudabadi and Shikarpuri, were reforms of the Landa script.{{sfnp|Khubchandani|2003|p=633}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ancientscripts.com/landa.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-05-07 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307104920/http://www.ancientscripts.com/landa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> During British rule in the late 19th century, the Perso-Arabic script was decreed standard over Devanagari.{{sfnp|Cole|2001|p=648}}

=== Perso-Arabic script ===
{{Arabic-script sidebar|Sindhi}}
During the [[British Raj]], a variant of the [[Persian alphabet]] was adopted for Sindhi in the 19th century. The script is used in Pakistan and India today. It has a total of 52 letters, augmenting the Persian with [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] and eighteen new letters (<big>{{lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڄ ٺ ٽ ٿ ڀ ٻ ڙ ڍ ڊ ڏ ڌ ڇ ڃ ڦ ڻ ڱ ڳ ڪ}}}}</big>) for sounds particular to Sindhi and other Indo-Aryan languages. Some letters that are distinguished in Arabic or Persian are homophones in Sindhi.

Below table presents Sindhi Perso-Arabic alphabet. Letters shaded in yellow are solely used in writing of loanwords, and the phoneme they represent are also represented by other letters in the alphabet. Letters and digraphs shaded in green aren't usually considered as part of the base alphabet. They are either commonly used digraphs representing aspirated consonants, or are [[Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] serving a grammatical function. These ligatures include the {{script/Arabic|۽}}, which is pronounced as [ãĩ̯] and represents ''and'', and the {{script/Arabic|۾}}, which is pronounced as [mẽ] and it creates a locative relationship between words.

{|class="wikitable Unicode" dir="rtl"
|+ Sindhi alphabet
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ا}} {{IPAblink|∅|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|ʔ|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|aː|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ب}} {{IPAblink|b|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ٻ}} {{IPAblink|ɓ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڀ}} {{IPAblink|bʱ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ت}} {{IPAblink|t|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ٿ}} {{IPAblink|tʰ|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ٽ}} {{IPAblink|ʈ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ٺ}} {{IPAblink|ʈʰ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ث}} {{IPAblink|s|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|پ}} {{IPAblink|p|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ج}} {{IPAblink|d͡ʑ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڄ}} {{IPAblink|ʄ|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|جهہ}} {{IPAblink|d͡ʑʰ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڃ}} {{IPAblink|ɲ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|چ}} {{IPAblink|t͡ɕ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڇ}} {{IPAblink|t͡ɕʰ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ح}} {{IPAblink|h|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|خ}} {{IPAblink|x|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|د}} {{IPAblink|d|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڌ}} {{IPAblink|dʱ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڏ}} {{IPAblink|ɗ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڊ}} {{IPAblink|ɖ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڍ}} {{IPAblink|ɖʱ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ذ}} {{IPAblink|z|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ر}} {{IPAblink|r|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڙ}} {{IPAblink|ɽ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#d0dead" | {{script/Arabic|ڙهہ}} {{IPAblink|ɽʰ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ز}} {{IPAblink|z|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ژ}} {{IPAblink|ʒ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|س}} {{IPAblink|s|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ش}} {{IPAblink|ʂ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ص}} {{IPAblink|s|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ض}} {{IPAblink|z|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ط}} {{IPAblink|t|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ظ}} {{IPAblink|z|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|ع}} {{IPAblink|ɑː|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|oː|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|eː|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|ʔ|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|∅|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|غ}} {{IPAblink|ɣ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ف}} {{IPAblink|f|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڦ}} {{IPAblink|pʰ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ق}} {{IPAblink|q|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڪ}} {{IPAblink|k|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ک}} {{IPAblink|kʰ|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|گ}} {{IPAblink|ɡ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڳ}} {{IPAblink|ɠ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|گهہ}} {{IPAblink|ɡʱ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڱ}} {{IPAblink|ŋ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ل}} {{IPAblink|l|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#d0dead" | {{script/Arabic|لهہ}} {{IPAblink|lʱ|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|مـ}} {{IPAblink|m|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#d0dead" | {{script/Arabic|مهہ}} {{IPAblink|mʰ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ن}} {{IPAblink|n|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|◌̃|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#d0dead" | {{script/Arabic|نهہ}} {{IPAblink|nʰ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ڻ}} {{IPAblink|ɳ|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#d0dead" | {{script/Arabic|ڻهہ}} {{IPAblink|ɳʰ}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|و}} {{IPAblink|ʋ|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|ʊ|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|oː|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|ɔː|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|uː|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ھ}} {{IPAblink|h|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | {{script/Arabic|هـ ه}} {{IPAblink|h|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ـہ ہ}} [ə]/[əʰ]/[∅]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ء}} {{IPAblink|ʔ|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|∅|audio=yes}}
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{script/Arabic|ي}} {{IPAblink|j|audio=yes}}/{{IPAblink|iː|audio=yes}}
|-
! Perso-Arabic <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#d0dead" | {{script/Arabic|۽}} [ãĩ̯]
| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#d0dead" | {{script/Arabic|۾}} [mẽ]
|}

The orthography of the letter ''hāʾ'' in Sindhi, especially as it comes to typing as opposed to handwriting, has been a source of confusion for many. Especially because whereas in [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] and [[Persian alphabet|Persian]], there exists one single letter for ''hāʾ'', in [[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]], the letter has diverged into two distinct variants: ''[[gol he]]'' ("round he") and ''do-cašmi he'' ("two-eyed he"). The former is written is written round and zigzagged as "{{Nastaliq|ہـ ـہـ ـہ ہ}}", and can impart the "h" ({{IPA|/ɦ/}}) sound anywhere in a word, or the long "a" or the "e" vowels ({{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}}) at the end of a word. The latter is written in Arabic Naskh style (as a loop) ({{Nastaliq|ھ}}), in order to be used in digraphs and to create the aspirate consonants.

For most aspirated consonants, Sindhi relies on unique letters as opposed to the Urdu practice of digraphs. However, this doesn't apply to all aspirated consonants. Some are still written as digraphs. The letter ''hāʾ'' is also used in Sindhi to represent the sound [h] in native Sindhi words, in Arabic and Persian loanwords, and to represent vowels ({{IPA|/ə/}} or {{IPA|/əʰ/}}) at the end of the word. The notations and conventions in Sindhi are different from either Persian or Arabic and from Urdu. Given the variety of the types of ''hāʾ'' across these languages for which [[Unicode]] characters have been designed, in order for the letters to be displayed correctly when typing, a correct and consistent convention needs to be followed. The following table will present these in detail.<ref>Kamal Mansour (2023), ''Handling of the Heh in Sindhi Text'', L2-23/17 [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23117-sindhi-heh.pdf https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23117-sindhi-heh.pdf] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20240509150748/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23117-sindhi-heh.pdf Archive])</ref><ref>Lorna Priest Evans (2021), Regarding the Sindhi Heh, L2-22/052 [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22052-regarding-sindhi-heh.pdf https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22052-regarding-sindhi-heh.pdf] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20240114104153/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22052-regarding-sindhi-heh.pdf Archive])</ref>

{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|- style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan="2"|[[Arabic script in Unicode|Unicode]]
!colspan="4"|Letter or Digraphs
!rowspan="2"|[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!rowspan="2"|Note
!rowspan="2"|Examples
|- class="static-row-header"
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! Isolated
|-
| [[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـھ}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـھـ}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ھـ}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ھ}}
| {{IPAblink|h}}
|
| style="font-size: 110%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|دو{{red|ھَ}}⹁ {{red|ھُ}}و⹁ م{{red|ھ}}ينن⹁ وي{{red|ھُ}}}}
|-
| [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـه}}
| {{IPAblink|h}}
| Used for borrowed words
| style="font-size: 110%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|وحد{{red|هُ}} لا⹁ والل{{red|ه}}}}
|-
| [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]] + [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـجهہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـجهـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|جهـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|جهہ}}
| {{IPAblink|d͡ʑʰ}}
| rowspan="2" | In ''isolated'' and ''final'' positions, an extra ''hāʾ'' {{script/Arabic|ـہ}} ([[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]]) is added
| style="font-size: 110%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|ٻا{{red|جَهہ}}⹁ اُ{{red|جِه}}ي⹁ من{{red|جه}}ان⹁ ڪُ{{red|جهہ}}}}
|-
| [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]] + [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـگهہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـگهـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|گهـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|گهہ}}
| {{IPAblink|ɡʱ}}
| style="font-size: 110%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|{{red|گهہ}}⹁ {{red|گه}}وٽُ⹁ {{red|گه}}ڻ{{red|گُه}}رون⹁ س{{red|گهہ}}}}
|-
| [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـهہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـهـ}}
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | -
| {{IPAblink|◌ʰ}}
| Forming part of digraph for representation of other aspirated consonants ([ɽʰ], [lʱ], [mʰ], [nʰ], [ɳʰ]). In ''isolated'' and ''final'' positions, an extra ''hāʾ'' {{script/Arabic|ـہ}} ([[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]]) is added
| style="font-size: 110%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|ٻن{{red|ه}}ي⹁ ٿال{{red|هہ}}}}
|-
| [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" |{{script/Arabic|ـہ}}
| colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | -
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|ہ}}
| [ə] / [əʰ] / [∅]
|
| style="font-size: 110%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|ن{{red|ہ}}}}
|}

The punctuation of Sindhi Perso-Arabic script differs slightly from that of [[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]], [[Persian alphabet|Persian]], and [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]. Namely, instead of using the typical ''inverted comma'' ({{script/Arabic|،}} <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[:wiktionary:،|U+060C]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>) common in these mentioned alphabet, a ''reversed comma'' ({{script/Arabic|⹁}} <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[:wiktionary: ⹁|U+2E41]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>) is used, although many documents do indeed incorrectly use Urdu punctuations.<ref>{{cite web | title=Sindhi Arabic orthography notes | url=https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arab/sd.html }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plain-row-headers"
|+ Comparison of Punctuations
! !! Full Stop !! Comma !!‌ Semicolon
|- class="letters-teal"
! scope="row" | Sindhi
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|.}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|⹁}}
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|⁏}}
|- class="letters-orange"
! scope="row" | [[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|۔}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|،}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|؛}}
|- class="letters-red"
! scope="row" | [[Persian alphabet|Persian]]/[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
| style="font-size: 150%" dir="rtl" | {{script/Arabic|.}}
|}

[[File:Sindhi alphabet.png|thumb|Farsi (perso-Arabic) or Shikarpuri Sindhi.]]

===Devanagari script ===
In India, the Devanagari script is also used to write Sindhi.<ref name="auto3"/> A modern version was introduced by the government of India in 1948; however, it did not gain full acceptance, so both the Sindhi-Arabic and Devanagari scripts are used. In India, a person may write a Sindhi language paper for a Civil Services Examination in either script.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=201 |title=UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile |access-date=2007-10-06 |archive-date=2014-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022024834/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=201 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Devanagari was seen as the most practical option for Sindhi language in India.<ref name="in"/> [[Diacritic]]al bars below the letter are used to mark implosive consonants, and [[dot (diacritic)|dots]] called ''[[nukta]]'' are used to form other additional consonants.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! {{script/Devanagari|अ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|आ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|इ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ई}}
! {{script/Devanagari|उ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ऊ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ए}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ऐ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ओ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|औ}}
|-
| {{IPA|ə}}
| {{IPA|a}}
| {{IPA|ɪ}}
| {{IPA|i}}
| {{IPA|ʊ}}
| {{IPA|uː}}
| {{IPA|e}}
| {{IPA|ɛ}}
| {{IPA|o}}
| {{IPA|ɔ}}
|-
! {{script/Devanagari|क}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ख}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ख़}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ग}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ॻ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ग़}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|घ}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|ङ}}
|-
| {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
| {{IPA|x}}
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
| {{IPA|ɠ}}
| {{IPA|ɣ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɡʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|-
! {{script/Devanagari|च}}
! {{script/Devanagari|छ}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|ज}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ॼ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ज़}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|झ}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|ञ}}
|-
| {{IPA|t͡ɕ}}
| {{IPA|t͡ɕʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|d͡ʑʰ}}
| {{IPA|ʄ}}
| {{IPA|z}}
|
| {{IPA|d͡ʑ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! {{script/Devanagari|ट}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ठ}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|ड}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ॾ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ड़}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|ढ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ढ़}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ण}}
|-
| {{IPA|ʈ}}
| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɖ}}
| {{IPA|ɗ}}
| {{IPA|ɽ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɖʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɽʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɳ}}
|-
! {{script/Devanagari|त}}
! {{script/Devanagari|थ}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|द}}
!colspan="3"|
! {{script/Devanagari|ध}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|न}}
|-
| {{IPA|t}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|d}}
|colspan="3"|
| {{IPA|dʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|n}}
|-
! {{script/Devanagari|प}}
! {{script/Devanagari|फ}}
! {{script/Devanagari|फ़}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ब}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ॿ}}
!colspan="2"|
! {{script/Devanagari|भ}}
!
! {{script/Devanagari|म}}
|-
| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
|colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|bʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|m}}
|-
! {{script/Devanagari|य}}
! {{script/Devanagari|र}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ल}}
! {{script/Devanagari|व}}
!colspan="6"|
|-
| {{IPA|j}}
| {{IPA|r}}
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|ʋ}}
|colspan="6"|
|-
! {{script/Devanagari|श}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ष}}
! {{script/Devanagari|स}}
! {{script/Devanagari|ह}}
!colspan="6"|
|-
| {{IPA|ʂ}}
| {{IPA|ʂ}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|h}}
|colspan="6"|
|}

===Laṇḍā scripts===
Laṇḍā-based scripts, such as [[Gurmukhi]], [[Khojki]], and the Khudabadi script were used historically to write Sindhi.

====Khudabadi====
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Khudabadi ''or'' Sindhi
| sample =
| caption =
| imagesize =
| type =
| languages =
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U112B0.pdf U+112B0–U+112FF]
| iso15924 = Sind
| note = none
}}

The Khudabadi alphabet was invented in 1550 CE, and was used alongside other scripts by the Hindu community until the colonial era, where the sole usage of the Arabic script for official purposes was legislated.

The script continued to be used on a smaller scale by the trader community until the [[Partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name=sindhiscript>{{cite web |url = http://sindhilanguage.com/script.html |title = Sindhi Language: Script |website = Sindhilanguage.com |access-date = 15 May 2012 |archive-date = 19 April 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120419105333/http://www.sindhilanguage.com/script.html |url-status = dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! [[File:Vowel 1 a.svg|17px]]
! [[File:Vowel 2 aa.svg|21px]]
! [[File:Vowel 3 i.svg|15px]]
! [[File:Vowel 4 ii.svg|22px]]
! [[File:Vowel 5 u.svg|14px]]
! [[File:Vowel 6 uu.svg|13px]]
! [[File:Vowel 7 e.svg|16px]]
! [[File:Vowel 8 ai.svg|16px]]
! [[File:Vowel 9 o.svg|16px]]
! [[File:Vowel 10 au.svg|16px]]
|-
| {{IPA|ə}}
| {{IPA|a}}
| {{IPA|ɪ}}
| {{IPA|i}}
| {{IPA|ʊ}}
| {{IPA|uː}}
| {{IPA|e}}
| {{IPA|ɛ}}
| {{IPA|o}}
| {{IPA|ɔ}}
|-
! [[File:Consonant 1 ka.svg|15px]]
! [[File:Consonant 2 kha.svg|12px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 3 ga.svg|15px]]
! [[File:Consonant 4 gga.svg|14px]]
! colspan="2"|
![[File:Consonant 5 gha.svg|14px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 6 nga.svg|14px]]
|-
| {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
| {{IPA|ɠ}}
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|ɡʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|-
! [[File:Consonant 7 ca.svg|14px]]
! [[File:Consonant 8 cha.svg|15px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 9 ja.svg|13px]]
! [[File:Consonant 10 jja.svg|20px]]
! colspan="2"|
! [[File:Consonant 11 jha.svg|14px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 12 nya.svg|12px]]
|-
| {{IPA|c}}
| {{IPA|cʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɟ}}
| {{IPA|ʄ}}
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|ɟʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɲ}}
|-
! [[File:Consonant 13 tta.svg|13px]]
! [[File:Consonant 14 ttha.svg|13px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 15 dda.svg|13px]]
! [[File:Consonant 16 ddda.svg|13px]]
! colspan="2"|
! [[File:Consonant 18 ddha.svg|13px]]
! [[File:Consonant 17 rra.svg|13px]]
! [[File:Consonant 19 nna.svg|13px]]
|-
| {{IPA|ʈ}}
| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɖ}}
| {{IPA|ɗ}}
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|ɽ}}
| {{IPA|ṛ}}
| {{IPA|ɳ}}
|-
! [[File:Consonant 20 ta.svg|14px]]
! [[File:Consonant 21 tha.svg|14px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 22 da.svg|14px]]
! colspan="3"|
! [[File:Consonant 23 dha.svg|14px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 24 na.svg|14px]]
|-
| {{IPA|t}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|d}}
| colspan="3"|
| {{IPA|dʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|n}}
|-
! [[File:Consonant 25 pa.svg|14px]]
! [[File:Consonant 26 pha.svg|14px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 27 ba.svg|20px]]
! [[File:Consonant 28 bba.svg|17px]]
! colspan="2"|
! [[File:Consonant 29 bha.svg|20px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 30 ma.svg|13px]]
|-
| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|ɓ}}
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|bʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|m}}
|-
! [[File:Consonant 31 ya.svg|16px]]
! [[File:Consonant 32 ra.svg|10px]]
! [[File:Consonant 33 la.svg|15px]]
! [[File:Consonant 34 va.svg|14px]]
! colspan="6"|
|-
| {{IPA|j}}
| {{IPA|r}}
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|ʋ}}
|colspan="6"|
|-
! [[File:Consonant 35 sha.svg|17px]]
!
! [[File:Consonant 36 sa.svg|14px]]
! [[File:Consonant 37 ha.svg|14px]]
! colspan="6"|
|-
| {{IPA|ʂ}}
|
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|h}}
|colspan="6"|
|}
{{clear}}

====Khojki====
Khojki was employed primarily to record Muslim Shia Ismaili religious literature, as well as literature for a few secret Shia Muslim sects.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3871.pdf|title=Proposal to Encode the Sindhi Script in ISO/IEC 10646 |publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 |date=2010-09-10 |access-date=2024-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3978.pdf|title=Final Proposal to Encode the Khojki Script in ISO/IEC 10646 |publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 |date=2011-01-28 |access-date=2024-06-25}}</ref>

====Gurmukhi====
The Gurmukhi script was also used to write Sindhi, mainly in India by Hindus.<ref name="sindhiscript"/><ref name="auto3"/>

=== Roman Sindhi ===
{{See also|Romanisation of Sindhi}}
The Sindhi-Roman script or Roman-Sindhi script is the contemporary Sindhi script usually used by the Sindhis when texting messages on their mobile phones.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.romanizedsindhi.org/|title=Romanized Sindhi is teaching reading speaking writing sindhi language globally under alliance of sindhi association of Americas Inc|website=Romanizedsindhi.org|access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CHOICE OF SCRIPT FOR OUR SINDHI LANGUAGE|url=http://www.chandiramani.com/choiceofascript.html|website=Chandiramani.com|access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref>

== Sample text ==
Below is Artice 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human rights]] in the various sripts used to write Sindhi:<ref name="UDHR_Sindhi">{{cite web |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/snd.pdf|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Sindhi|trans-title=انساني حقن جو عالمي پڌرنامو |url-status=live|archive-date=10 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210071104/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/snd.pdf|website=OHCHR.org |publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|page=2|language=sd|access-date=15 January 2026}}</ref>
=== Perso-Arabic Script ===
<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|sd|{{bo-textonly|{{naskh|دفعه ١۔ سمورا انسان آزاد ۽ عزت ۽ حقن جي حوالي کان برابر پيدا ٿيا آھن. انھن کي عقل ۽ ضمير حاصل ٿيو آھي، ان ڪري انھن کي ھڪ ٻئي سان ڀائيچاري وارو سلوڪ اختيار ڪرڻ گھرجي.}}}}}}</div>

=== Khudabadi ===
{{lang|sd-Sind|{{bo-textonly|𑋏𑋓𑋩𑊰 𑋱: 𑋝𑋗𑋤𑋙𑋠 𑊲𑋟𑋝𑋠𑋑 𑊱𑋂𑋩𑋠𑋏 𑊷𑋟 𑊲𑋂𑋩𑋪𑋂𑋩𑋍 𑊷𑋟 𑋞𑊺𑋩𑋑 𑋂𑋢 𑋞𑋛𑋠𑋚𑋥 𑊻𑋠𑋟 𑋔𑋙𑋠𑋔𑋙 𑋒𑋦𑋏𑋠 𑋎𑋡𑋘𑋠 𑊱𑋞𑋡𑋑. 𑊲𑋑𑋪𑋞𑋑 𑊻𑋥 𑊰𑊺𑋩𑋪𑋚 𑊷𑋟 𑋂𑋩𑋗𑋢𑋙 𑋞𑋠𑋝𑋡𑋚 𑋎𑋡𑋘𑋧 𑊱𑋞𑋥, 𑊲𑋑 𑊺𑋙𑋥 𑊲𑋑𑋪𑋞𑋑 𑊻𑋥 𑋞𑋡𑊺 𑋕𑋡𑊶 𑋝𑋠𑋟 𑋖𑋠𑊳𑋀𑋠𑋙𑋥 𑋛𑋠𑋙𑋧 𑋝𑋣𑋚𑋤𑊺 𑊲𑊻𑋩𑋪𑋍𑋡𑋘𑋠𑋙 𑊺𑋙𑋌 𑊾𑋣𑋙𑋂𑋥।}}}}
=== Devanagari ===
{{lang|sd-deva|{{bo-textonly|दफ़अ १: समूरा इंसान आज़ाद ऐं इज़्ज़त ऐं हक़न जी हवाले खां बराबर पैदा थिया आहिन। इन्हन खे अक़्ल ऐं ज़मीर हासिल थियो आहे, इन करे इन्हन खे हिक ॿिए सां भाईचारे वारो सुलूक इख़्तियार करण घुरजे॥}}}}
=== Khojki ===
{{lang|sd-Khoj|{{bo-textonly|𑈛𑈠𑈶𑈀 ૧: 𑈩𑈤𑈯𑈦𑈬 𑉀𑈴𑈩𑈬𑈞 𑈁𑈐𑈶𑈬𑈛 𑈅𑈴 𑉀𑈐𑈶𑈷𑈙 𑈅𑈴 𑈪𑈿𑈞 𑈐𑈮 𑈪𑈨𑈬𑈧𑈰 𑈉𑈬𑈴 𑈡𑈦𑈬𑈡𑈦 𑈟𑈱𑈛𑈬 𑈚𑈭𑈥𑈬 𑈁𑈪𑈭𑈞𑈻 𑉀𑈞𑈵𑈪𑈞 𑈉𑈰 𑈀𑈿𑈵𑈧 𑈅𑈴 𑈐𑈶𑈤𑈮𑈦 𑈪𑈬𑈩𑈭𑈧 𑈚𑈭𑈥𑈲 𑈁𑈪𑈰, 𑉀𑈞 𑈈𑈦𑈰 𑉀𑈞𑈵𑈪𑈞 𑈉𑈰 𑈪𑈭𑈈 𑈢𑈭𑈄 𑈩𑈬𑈴 𑈣𑈬𑈂𑈎𑈬𑈦𑈰 𑈨𑈬𑈦𑈲 𑈩𑈯𑈧𑈯𑈈 𑉀𑈉𑈶𑈵𑈙𑈭𑈥𑈬𑈦 𑈈𑈦𑈘 𑈌𑈯𑈦𑈐𑈰𑈸𑈼}}}}
=== Romanisation ===
Dafa 1. Samūrā insān āzād aĩ 'izzat aĩ haqan jī havālē khā̃ barābar paidā thiyā āhin. Inhan khē aqul aĩ zamīr hāsil thiyō āhē, in karē inhan khē hik ɓiē sā̃ bhāīchārē vārō sulūk ikhtiyār karaṇ ghurjē.
=== IPA Transliteration ===
d̪əfə eːk. səmuːɾaː ɪnsaːn aːzaːd̪ ɛ̃ ɪzːət̪ ɛ̃ həqən d͡ʒiː həʋaːleː kʰãː bəɾaːbəɾ pɛːd̪aː tʰɪjaː aːhɪn. ɪnʱən kʰeː əqʊl ɛ̃ zəmiːɾ haːsɪl tʰɪjoː aːheː, ɪn kəɾeː ɪnʱən kʰeː hɪk ɓɪ.eː sãː bʱaːiːt͡ʃaːɾeː ʋaːɾoː sʊluːk ɪxt̪ɪjaːɾ kəɾəɳ gʱʊɾd͡ʒeː
=== Translation ===
'''Article 1:''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

== Advocacy ==
{{See also|1972 Sindhi Language Bill}}
In 1972, a bill was passed by the provincial assembly of Sindh which saw Sindhi, given official status thus becoming the first [[Languages of Pakistan|provincial language]] in [[Pakistan]] to have its own official status.
* Sindhi language was made the official language of [[Sindh]] according to [[1972 Sindhi Language Bill|Language Bill]].
* All Educational institutes in Sindh are mandated to teach Sindhi as per the bill.

=== Software ===
By 2001, [[Abdul-Majid Bhurgri]]{{failed verification|date=December 2022}} had coordinated with Microsoft to develop Unicode-based Software in the form of the [[Perso-Arabic]] Sindhi script which afterwards became the basis for the communicated use by Sindhi speakers around the world.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ismaili |first=Imdad Ali |title=Design & Development of the Graphical User Interface for Sindhi Language |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257947564 |quotation=The idea is to provide a software platform to the people of Sindh as well as Sindhi diasporas living across the globe to make use of computing for basic tasks such as editing, composition, formatting, and printing of documents in Sindhi by using GUISL. The implementation of the GUISL has been done in the Java technology to make the system platform independent. |journal=Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology |year=2011 |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, Google introduced the first automated translator for Sindhi language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Translate now speaks Sindhi, Pashto |url=https://india.googleblog.com/2016/02/google-translate-now-speaks-sindhi.html |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Official Google India Blog |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2016-02-18 |title=Google adds Sindhi to its translate language options |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/google-adds-sindhi-to-its-translate-language-options-116021800706_1.html |access-date=2023-03-19}}</ref> Later on in 2023 an offline support was introduced by [[Google Translate]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-16 |title=Google Translate brings offline support for Oriya, Sindhi and 31 other languages |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/google-translate-brings-offline-support-for-oriya-sindhi-and-31-other-languages/articleshow/97031560.cms |access-date=2023-03-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghazi |first=Zain |date=2023-01-18 |title=Google Translate Sindhi Offline |url=https://pakistanijournal.com/google-translate-rolls-out-support-for-33-new-offline-languages-including-sindhi/ |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=Pakistani Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Which was followed by [[Microsoft Translator]] strengthening support in May of same year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stories |first=Microsoft |date=2023-05-19 |title=Microsoft Translator adds four new languages – Konkani, Maithili, Sindhi, and Sinhala |url=https://news.microsoft.com/en-in/microsoft-translator-adds-four-new-languages-konkani-maithili-sindhi-and-sinhala/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Microsoft Stories India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=C. R. N. |date=2023-05-18 |title=Microsoft Translator adds 4 new languages – Konkani, Maithili, Sindhi, and Sinhala |url=https://www.crn.in/news/microsoft-translator-adds-4-new-languages-konkani-maithili-sindhi-and-sinhala/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=CRN - India |language=en-US}}</ref>

In June 2014, the [[Khudabadi script]] of the Sindhi language was added to [[Unicode]], However as of now the script currently has no proper rendering support to view it in unsupported devices.

==See also==
{{Portal|Languages}}
* [[1972 Sindhi Language Bill]]
* [[Institute of Sindhology]]
* [[Sindhi Transliteration]]
* [[Languages of India]]
* [[Languages of Pakistan]]
* [[Languages with official status in India]]
* [[List of Sindhi-language films]]
* [[Provincial languages of Pakistan]]
* [[Sindhi literature]]
* [[Sindhi poetry]]
* [[Kholosi language|Kholusi Language]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |last=Nihalani |first=Paroo |title=Lingual Articulation of Stops in Sindhi |journal=Phonetica |date=1974 |doi=10.1159/000259489 |pmid=4424983 |issn=1423-0321 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=197–212 |s2cid=3325314 }}
* {{cite book |last=Addleton and Brown |year=2010 |title=Sindhi: An Introductory Course for English Speakers |url=http://doorlightpubs.com/Doorlight/Sindhi.html |location=South Hadley |publisher=Doorlight Publications |access-date=2010-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828112103/http://doorlightpubs.com/Doorlight/Sindhi.html |archive-date=2010-08-28 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite journal |last=Bughio |first=M. Qasim |date=January–June 2006 |title=The Diachronic Sociolinguistic Situation in Sindh |journal=Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony |url=http://www.webjournal.unior.it |editor1-last=Maniscalco |editor1-first=Fabio Maniscalco |volume=1}}
* {{cite book |last=Cole |first=Jennifer S |year=2001 |chapter=Sindhi |editor1-last=Garry |editor1-first=Jane |editor2-last=Rubino |editor2-first=Carl |title=Facts About the World's Languages |publisher=H W Wilson |isbn=0-8242-0970-2 |pages=647–653 }}
* {{cite book |year=1999 |title=International Phonetic Association |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-63751-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Khubchandani |first=Lachman M |year=2003 |chapter=Sindhi |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&q=indo-aryan+languages&pg=PA581 |editor1-last=Cardona |editor1-first=George |editor2-last=Jain |editor2-first=Dhanesh |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-77294-5 |pages=622–658 }}
* {{SOWL}}
* {{Cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin P. |title=The Indo-Aryan languages |date=1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-23420-7 |series=Cambridge language surveys |page=443}}
* {{cite book |last=Shackle |first=Christopher |title=Language and national identity in Asia |chapter=Pakistan |editor-last=Simpson |editor-first=Andrew |series=Oxford linguistics Y |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-922648-1 |date=2007 }}
* {{cite book |last=Trumpp |first=Ernest |year=1872 |title=Grammar of the Sindhi Language |url=https://archive.org/details/grammarofsindhil00trum |location=London |publisher=Trübner and Co |isbn=81-206-0100-9 |language=en }}
* {{cite book |last1=Chopra |first1=R. M |title=The rise, growth, and decline of Indo-Persian literature |year=2013 |publisher=Iran Culture House |location=New Delhi |edition=2nd |oclc=909254259 |chapter=Persian in Sindh |language=en}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{InterWiki|code=sd}}
{{Wikivoyage|Sindhi phrasebook}}
{{commons category}}
{{EB1911 poster|Sindhi and Lahnda|Sindhi language}}
* [https://www.sindhila.org/ Sindhi Language Authority]
* [http://www.ijunoon.com/sindhi/ Sindhi Dictionary]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831155410/http://www.sindhilanguage.com/ |date=August 31, 2015 |title=All about Sindhi language and culture }}
* [https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/mewaram/ Mewaram's 1910 Sindhi-English dictionary]

{{Sindhi language}}
{{Navboxes|list=
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}
{{Languages of India}}
{{Arabic script}}
{{Sindh topics}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sindhi language| ]]
[[Category:Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Languages of Sindh]]
[[Category:Languages of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Official languages of India]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Languages of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Languages of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Languages written in Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]

Romeo Mendes

2026-03-16T12:45:22Z

TimDuncan875676: creating post!

{{Short description|Indian actor and singer (1940–1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Romeo Mendes
| image = Romeo Mendes.jpg
| caption = Mendes in the late-1980s
| birth_name = Remet Piedade Mendes
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1940|6|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] (now Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]], India)
| other_names = Star of Assnora
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1999|9|10|1940|6|4|df=y}}
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Antonette Mendes]]|1966}}
| notable_works = ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966)
| relatives = {{ubl|
* [[A. K. D'Souza]] (father-in-law)
* [[Anil Kumar (actor)|Anil Kumar]] (brother-in-law)
* [[Fatima D'Souza]] (sister-in-law)
* [[Jose Rod]] (son-in-law)}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|composer}}
| children = 3
| years_active = 1960s–1980s
}}

'''Remet Piedade''' "'''Romeo'''" '''Mendes'''{{efn|In the beginning of his career, Mendes was professionally known as '''Star of Assnora'''. However, he abandoned this [[moniker]] when he reemerged in the industry in the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966), opting to be credited by his [[legal name]] instead.<ref name=":0" />}} (4 June 1940 – 10 September 1999) was an Indian actor, singer, and composer known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]], television, and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions. He initially debuted on the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] stage as a singer with the [[stage name]] '''Star of Assnora'''. Following a period of success, he temporarily quit the industry due to professional commitments. He made a comeback in the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani]] film ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966).

==Career==
[[Wilson Mazarello]], a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer and historian, documented the career of Mendes who made his initial foray into the entertainment industry at a young age<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-20 |title=Tiatr Ani Tiatrist |url=http://www.goa-world.com/goa/tiatr%26tiatrist/p59.htm |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Goa World |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220111128/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/tiatr%26tiatrist/p59.htm |archive-date=20 December 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> as "Star of Assnora", where he showcased his vocal abilities. Following years of success as a singer, Mendes temporarily stepped away from the stage due to professional commitments. However, he made a comeback with a prominent role in the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] ''[[Nirmon]]'', where he not only acted but also composed the popular song "Claudia."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almeida |first=Gaspar |date=17 February 2005 |title=Konkani films |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307135200/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/index.html |archive-url=https://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@goanet.org/msg22259.html |archive-date=17 February 2005 |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Goa World}}</ref> This performance catapulted him to fame and attracted the attention of several ''[[tiatr]]'' directors, who eagerly sought his participation in their productions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=184–185 |language=en |access-date=2024-01-13 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the filming of ''Nirmon'', Mendes had the opportunity to meet [[Antonette Mendes]], a Konkani actress who portrayed his sister in the movie. Instantly captivated by her, Mendes soon proposed to Antonette after seeking her father's approval.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=No more goals for the Queen of Hearts |url=https://www.thegoan.net//no-more-goals-for-the-queen-of-hearts/2342.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113105549/https://www.thegoan.net//no-more-goals-for-the-queen-of-hearts/2342.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite his passion for the stage, Mendes found it challenging to pursue a full-fledged professional career due to extensive business commitments. Nonetheless, he remained connected to his audience through the release of [[audio cassette]]s featuring his performances.<ref name=":0" /> Before their marriage in 1966, Mendes cast Antonette in one of his ''tiatrs'' at [[Gowalia Tank]] in Bombay's Tejpal Hall, showcasing her talent as an actress. Mendes also made contributions to the industry as a theater contractor and producer, notably introducing Konkani actor [[Prince Jacob]] to the [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) scene.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A voice that is eternal |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-voice-that-is-eternal/114352 |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=oHeraldo |date=23 April 2017 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107065533/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-voice-that-is-eternal/114352 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Mendes left a mark on the [[Goan music|Konkani music]] landscape by producing numerous successful audio cassettes featuring his songs. Notably, he was a pioneer in bringing [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film]] actors and actresses, including [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Anil Kapoor]], and [[Vijayta Pandit]], to lend their voices to Konkani audio recordings. Mendes also ventured into television production, creating his own TV serials for [[Doordarshan]], featuring Konkani comedian Paul Romy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A natural flair for comedy |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=111983 |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref> Furthermore, he showcased his vocal prowess through over 30 performances on [[Doordarshan Kendra, Mumbai|Doordarshan, Bombay]]. In the 1980s, Mendes and his wife Antonette collaborated on a series of audio cassettes, with their debut album, ''Jivit Ek Sopon'', garnering popularity. The launch of this album was graced by a special introductory speech in Konkani by [[Bollywood]] actor Amitabh Bachchan. This was followed by other releases such as ''Rosacho Dis'' and ''Padr Agnel''.<ref name=":2" /> As a couple, they released a total of 15–17<ref name=":1" /> [[audio album]]s and collaborated on numerous [[duet]]s.<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
Remet Piedade Mendes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Alfred Succour |date=1993 |title=Marriage Register |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030120953/https://goaonline.gov.in/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> was born on 4 June 1940 in [[Bombay]], which was part of [[Bombay Presidency]] during [[British India]]. His family originally hailed from [[Assonora]], [[Goa]], which was then part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]]. Mendes must have spend some time in his parents' hometown before finally moving back to Bombay (now Mumbai) and making it his permanent residence.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=96}}</ref> In 1966, Mendes married [[Antonette Mendes]], a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer and actress, when he was around 26 and she was 22. Together, they had three daughters named Judy, June, and Lara.<ref name=":2" /> Judy, the eldest daughter, later married [[Jose Rod]], a Konkani singer residing in [[Kuwait]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-stop Rod is entertainment unlimited |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Nonstop-Rod-is-entertainment-unlimited/162888 |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=oHeraldo |date=11 July 2020 |archive-date=2024-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202123004/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Nonstop-Rod-is-entertainment-unlimited/162888 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the book titled ''100 Years of Konkani Tiatro'', Mendes and his family resided in [[Bandra, Bombay]].<ref name=":0" />

On 10 September 1999, Mendes died at the age of 59 in [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India.<ref name=":0" />

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1966
|''[[Nirmon]]''
|Ricard
|Also singer & composer
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

==Selected stage works==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|Prior 1966
|Untitled ''tiatr''
|Possibly contractor/producer
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|}

==Select discography==
*''Claudia'' (1966)

===Audio cassettes===
*''Jivit Ek Sopon'' (1980s)
*''Rosacho Dis''
*''Padr Agnel''

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=nm12810123}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mendes, Romeo}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian male singers]]

Grey Games

2026-03-08T13:05:08Z

TimDuncan875676: added article...

{{Unreliable sources|date=November 2024}}
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{short description|Indian thriller drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Grey Games
| image = Grey Games poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Gangadhar Salimath
| producer = Anand H. Mugad
| writer = Gangadhar Salimath
| story = Anand H. Mugad
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Vijay Raghavendra]]
* Shruti Prakash
* [[Bhavana Rao]]
* [[Aparna Vastarey]]
* Ravi Bhat
* Ishita Singh
* Jai
}}
| music = {{Ubl
| '''Songs''':
| Shriyansh Shreeram
| Ashwin Hemanth
| Atrangi Funkaar
| '''Score''':
| Ashwin Hemanth
}}
| cinematography = Varun DK
| editing = Jagadeesh N
| studio = Dees Films
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|5|10|df=yes}}
| runtime = 130 minutes<ref name=":BMR" />
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Grey Games''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[thriller drama]] film written and directed by Gangadhar Salimath. The film stars [[Vijay Raghavendra]], Shruti Prakash, [[Bhavana Rao]], [[Aparna Vastarey]], Ravi Bhat, Ishita Singh, and Jai.<ref name=":BMR" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Grey Games teaser is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/Apr/01/grey-games-teaser-is-out-41787.html |work=Cinema Express |date=10 April 2023 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194328/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/kannada/news/2023/Apr/01/grey-games-teaser-is-out-41787.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Vijay Raghavendra]] as Ram
* Shruti Prakash as Shanaya
* [[Bhavana Rao]] as Kalpana
* [[Aparna Vastarey]] as Tara, Abhi's mother
* Ravi Bhat as Sridhar, Abhi's father
* Ishita Singh as Julie
* Jai as Abhi

== Production ==
=== Development ===
Anand H. Mugad conceived the story, exploring the notion of a gamer entering a [[virtual world]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaming industry revenue far outweighs that of the film industry: Director Gangadhar Salimath |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/May/06/gaming-industry-revenue-far-outweighs-that-of-the-film-industry-director-gangadhar-salimath |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 May 2024 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512061608/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2024/May/06/gaming-industry-revenue-far-outweighs-that-of-the-film-industry-director-gangadhar-salimath |url-status=live}}</ref> This concept evolved into ''Grey Games'', which director Gangadhar Salimath further developed into a narrative, incorporating real-life incidents, including a notable case in [[Mangalore]] where a young boy killed his online gaming rival.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Raghavendra to play cop yet again; this time in film set in Madikeri |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vijay-raghavendra-to-play-cop-yet-again-this-time-in-film-set-in-madikeri/68ce7b64fe305 |work=ottplay.com |date=25 October 2021 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194318/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/vijay-raghavendra-to-play-cop-yet-again-this-time-in-film-set-in-madikeri/68ce7b64fe305 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":OTTp1" /> Anand H. Mugad produced the film under the banner of Dees Films.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Raghavendra's next to be on cybercrime |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/Oct/11/vijay-raghavendras-next-to-be-on-cybercrime-2370092.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=4 October 2021 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194346/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/opinions/2024/Oct/03/they-didnt-start-the-fire-and-seem-unable-to-douse-it |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A glitzy trailer launch for Kannada film Grey Games |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-glitzy-trailer-launch-for-kannada-film-grey-games/articleshow/109857645.cms |work=The Times of India |date=6 May 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506222421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-glitzy-trailer-launch-for-kannada-film-grey-games/amp_articleshow/109857645.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, the film was announced,<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Raghavendra is a high-profile psychologist in his first thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vijay-raghavendra-is-a-high-profile-psychologist-in-his-first-thriller/articleshow/85344727.cms |work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2021 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vijay-raghavendra-is-a-high-profile-psychologist-in-his-first-thriller/amp_articleshow/85344727.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> featuring [[Vijay Raghavendra]] as Ram,<ref name=":TOI1">{{cite news |title=Grey Games takes a closer look at the side effects of online gaming: Bhavvana Rao, Vijay Raghavendra and Shruti Prakash |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/grey-games-takes-a-closer-look-at-the-side-effects-of-online-gaming-bhavvana-menon-vijay-raghavendra-and-shruti-prakash/articleshow/109886622.cms |work=The Times of India |date=7 May 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/grey-games-takes-a-closer-look-at-the-side-effects-of-online-gaming-bhavvana-menon-vijay-raghavendra-and-shruti-prakash/amp_articleshow/109886622.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> a psychologist.<ref>{{cite news |title=I dedicate my film's entry into IFFI to my late wife Spandana: Vijay Raghavendra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-dedicate-my-films-entry-into-iffi-to-my-late-wife-spandana-vijay-raghavendra/articleshow/105449181.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 November 2023 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-dedicate-my-films-entry-into-iffi-to-my-late-wife-spandana-vijay-raghavendra/amp_articleshow/105449181.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Raghavendra to play cop for 3rd time, but says it's different |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vijay-raghavendra-to-play-cop-for-3rd-time-but-says-its-different/articleshow/87238597.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 October 2021 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194341/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vijay-raghavendra-to-play-cop-for-3rd-time-but-says-its-different/amp_articleshow/87238597.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Vijay's nephew, Jai, was cast as a twenty-year-old gamer, marking his acting debut.<ref name=":BM1">{{cite news |title='Happy to act with nephew' - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/happy-to-act-with-nephew/articleshow/109736267.cms |work=The Times of India |date=1 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Grey Games for all categories of audiences: Anand H Mugad - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/grey-games-for-all-categories-of-audiences-anand-h-mugad/articleshow/109988170.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 May 2024}}</ref> The film also stars Shruti Prakash as Shanaya, a film actress,<ref name=":CE1">{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=A closer look at strong female characters in Grey Games |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2024/May/08/a-closer-look-at-strong-female-characters-in-grey-games |work=Cinema Express |date=10 May 2024 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514135848/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/kannada/interviews/2024/May/08/a-closer-look-at-strong-female-characters-in-grey-games |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kannada Bigg Boss Fame Shruti Prakash Starts Her Bollywood Journey With Vikram Bhat's Haunted 2 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/kannada-bigg-boss-fame-shruti-prakash-starts-her-bollywood-journey-with-vikram-bhats-haunted-2-article-109974126/amp |work=Times Now |date=9 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Bhavana Rao]] as Kalpana, a cybercrime investigation officer.<ref name=":TOI1" /> Additionally, television presenter [[Aparna Vastarey]] plays the role of the mother.<ref name=":CE1" />

=== Filming ===
The film's title was unveiled on 8 October 2021, with a [[muhurat shot]] pooja ceremony.<ref name=":OTTp1">{{cite news |title=Exclusive! Bhavvana Rao is a cybercrime officer in film with Vijay Raghavendra, called Grey Games |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-bhavvana-rao-is-a-cybercrime-officer-in-film-with-vijay-raghavendra-called-grey-games/73d5a6ff41830 |work=ottplay.com |date=8 October 2021 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194239/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/exclusive-bhavvana-rao-is-a-cybercrime-officer-in-film-with-vijay-raghavendra-called-grey-games/73d5a6ff41830 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was primarily shot in [[Bangalore]]. The film's gaming sequences were created using [[Epic Games]]' [[Unreal Engine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Grey Games is a thriller set in the metaverse, says director Gangadhar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/grey-games-is-a-thriller-set-in-the-metaverse-says-director-gangadhar/articleshow/109814733.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |first=Vinay |last=Lokesh |date=4 May 2024 |accessdate=22 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Grey Games highlights the thin line between reality and the virtual world: Anand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/grey-games-highlights-the-thin-line-between-reality-and-the-virtual-world-anand/articleshow/109978760.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 May 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530135647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/grey-games-highlights-the-thin-line-between-reality-and-the-virtual-world-anand/amp_articleshow/109978760.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film received a U/A certificate from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref name=":BM1" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Grey Games
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Shriyansh Shreeram, Ashwin Hemanth, Atrangi Funkaar '''Score:''' Ashwin Hemanth
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2024
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Feature film soundtrack
| length = 14:50
| language = Kannada
| label = Anand Audio
| producer =
| chronology =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Video Songs Jukebox
|{{YouTube|CxkO00DJfL8|Grey Games – Video Songs Jukebox}}}}
}}

The soundtrack consists of the songs composed by Shriyansh Shreeram, Ashwin Hemanth and Atrangi Funkaar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grey Games - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/grey-games/NTU,PUuYTu4_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=3 October 2024 |date=6 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Grey Games Songs Download: Play & Listen |url=https://gaana.com/album/grey-games |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=3 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Paravasha
| length1 = 4:14
| lyrics1 = Kiran Kaverappa
| extra1 = Pancham Jeeva
| title2 = Manaselede (Male Version)
| length2 = 3:57
| lyrics2 = Kiran Kaverappa
| extra2 = Pancham Jeeva
| title3 = Ramma
| length3 = 2:38
| lyrics3 = Brrithheve, Gangadhar Salimath
| extra3 = Ashwin, Brrithheve
| title4 = Manaselede (Female Version)
| length4 = 4:01
| lyrics4 = Kiran Kaverappa
| extra4 = Aishwarya Rangarajan
| total_length = 14:50
}}

== Release ==
The film was released theatrically on 10 May 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Kannada movies releasing in theatres this week [May 10, 2024] |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/new-kannada-movies-releasing-in-theatres-this-week/a7422fba9a169 |work=OTTPlay |date=6 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Jagadish Angadi of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "The flick raises questions about individual perception of contexts and moral concepts of being right and wrong. Vijay Raghavendra delivers a stellar performance. Aparna Vastarey takes on a powerful role and is absolutely convincing."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Angadi |first1=Jagadish |title='Grey Games' movie review: Despite flaws, this psychological thriller manages to entertain |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/grey-games-movie-review-despite-flaws-this-psychological-thriller-manages-to-entertain-3017983 |work=Deccan Herald |date=10 May 2024 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003194757/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/grey-games-movie-review-despite-flaws-this-psychological-thriller-manages-to-entertain-3017983 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shashiprasad SM of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "Every game ends with a winner and a loser. This game -- ''Grey Games''-- wins in the end for its good content despite having its own share of ups and downs."<ref>{{cite news |title=Grey Games Review: Sensibly Depicts The Grey Side Of Online Gaming! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/grey-games-review-sensibly-depicts-the-grey-side-of-online-gaming-review-109994857/amp |work=Times Now |date=10 May 2024 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515143454/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/grey-games-review-sensibly-depicts-the-grey-side-of-online-gaming-review-109994857/amp |url-status=live}}</ref> Y Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave it three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "The movie is worth a watch for all those who enjoy gripping narratives."<ref name=":BMR">{{cite news |last1=Y |first1=Maheswara Reddy |title=Kannada Movie Review-Grey Games: Caught in a web of online gaming |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-review-grey-games-caught-in-a-web-of-online-gaming/articleshow/110018044.cms |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=11 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Pramod Mohan Hegde of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "''Grey Games'' is a unique attempt, at least for Kannada cinema, and the thriller-genre film manages to keep the audience hooked to the screen, sans a few scenes. The movie could have been shortened by 15 minutes to make it a bit more interesting."<ref>{{cite news |title=Grey Games Movie Review : Grey games review: A game of revenge set in the world of love |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/grey-games/movie-review/110004514.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 May 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523035847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/grey-games/movie-review/110004514.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh of ''The South First'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "Grey Games had the potential to be something new and different in the cinemascope, given it deals with cyber crimes that aren’t often spoken about on screen. But the old-school treatment of the plot does not work. But, some of the performances of the lead actors make it a tolerable watch."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana |title=Grey Games review: This gaming and metaverse-based thriller is a bland fare |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/grey-games-kannada-movie-review/ |work=The South First |date=10 May 2024 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=30 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830114525/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/grey-games-kannada-movie-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15654332}}

[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]

Ner Ethir

2026-03-04T14:46:59Z

TimDuncan875676: creating a entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ner Ethir
| image = Ner Ethir.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = M. Jayapradeep
| producer = [[S. Thanu]]
| writer =
| starring = Parthy [[Richard Rishi|Richard]] [[Vidhya Mohan]]
| music = [[Satish Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = Rasamathi
| editing = [[Gopi Krishna (film editor)|Gopi Krishna]]
| studio = The Movie House Entertainment
| distributor = [[V. Creations]]
| released = {{Film date|2014|01|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 100 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Ner Ethir''''' ({{Translation|The exact opposite}}) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language [[thriller film]] directed by M. Jayapradeep and produced by [[Kalaipuli S. Thanu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ner Ethir Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Ner Ethir by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ner-ethir/movie-review/29398911.cms |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The film stars Parthy, [[Richard Rishi|Richard]], and [[Vidhya Mohan]], while Harish Siva, [[Aishwarya Menon]], and [[M. S. Bhaskar]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Satish Chakravarthy]] with cinematography by Rasamathi and editing by Gopi Krishna. The film released worldwide on 24 January 2014. It is a remake of ''[[Across the Hall]]''.

== Plot ==
Karthik gets a call from his friend Kathir, who explains to him that earlier that day, he received a call that his fiancée Isha has cancelled her flight. Kathir had followed her and discovered that she had checked out a room in a local hotel, after which Kathir rents out the room across the hall from Isha, believing that she is cheating on him. Kathir explains to Karthik that earlier that evening, he had gone to Karthik's house, and finding him not home, broke in and stole Karthik's gun. Worried that Kathir is about to kill someone, Karthik tries to reason with Kathir on the phone not to do anything, but after having no success, he tells Kathir to stay where he is and wait until he meets him at the hotel in about 20 minutes. During the film, it is revealed that Isha had canceled her flight because of Karthik and that they were cheating behind Kathir's back. Kathir finds this out when he kills Isha and tries to call Karthik, whose cell phone was still in the hotel room that Isha and Karthik cheated in. Kathir tricks Karthik into helping move Isha and frames him for killing her while the police storms the hotel.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Parthy as Kathir
*[[Richard Rishi|Richard]] as Karthik
*[[Vidhya Mohan]] as Isha
*Harish Siva as Kathiresan
*[[Aishwarya Menon]] as Nethra
*[[M. S. Bhaskar]] as S. Neeraavi
*L. P. Thiagarajan as Playboy
*[[Halwa Vasu]]
*Govind
*Velmurugan
*Manohar
*[[Kausha Rach]] as item number
}}

== Production ==
The film began production in late March 2013, with Richard revealing that he would play the lead role in the murder mystery film ''Woo'', directed by Jayapradeep, an associate of director [[Keyaar]].<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |date=30 March 2013 |title=Etcetera |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera/article4564318.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194141/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera/article4564318.ece |archive-date=2 January 2014 |access-date=2014-07-20 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> In April 2013, the team discussed filming a romantic song in [[Norway]] and [[Switzerland]], citing that schedules had already taken place on a set worth 75 lakh rupees.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{Cite web |title=One song, many international locations for Woo |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/regional/one-song-many-international-locations-for-woo/article1-1037435.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408094117/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/One-song-many-international-locations-for-Woo/Article1-1037435.aspx |archive-date=8 April 2013 |access-date=2014-07-20 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes">{{Cite web |title=Massive set for 'Woo' |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-02/news-interviews/38216887_1_massive-set-film-avm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221458/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-02/news-interviews/38216887_1_massive-set-film-avm |archive-date=2014-02-01 |access-date=2014-07-20 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Later that month, the team had a legal tussle with the maker of the film ''[[Vu (film)|Vu]]'' for using a similar title. Subsequently, the producers had to change the name from ''Woo'' to ''Ner Ethir''.<ref name="behindwoods">{{Cite web |title=What is Woo ?, woo, Shreya Ghoshal |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/what-is-woo--woo-shreya-ghoshal-03-04-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219024147/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/what-is-woo--woo-shreya-ghoshal-03-04-13.html |archive-date=19 February 2015 |access-date=2014-07-20 |publisher=behindwoods.com}}</ref>

In late 2013, producer [[S. Thanu]], who usually finances big budget films, chose to back the venture which featured mostly newcomers and revealed that all profits from the film would be distributed to the welfare of the needy in the film industry. He also revealed discussed potential Telugu and Hindi remake versions of the film with director [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]].<ref name="sify">{{Cite web |title=Thanu procures world distribution rights of 'Ner Ethir' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thanu-procures-world-distribution-rights-of-ner-ethir-news-tamil-obnmfpgicjb.html?ref=slideout |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316205157/http://www.sify.com/movies/thanu-procures-world-distribution-rights-of-ner-ethir-news-tamil-obnmfpgicjb.html?ref=slideout |archive-date=2014-03-16 |access-date=2014-07-20 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Satish Chakravarthy]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers
|-
| 1 || "En Kadhale En Kadhale" || [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Satish Chakravarthy]]
|-
| 2 || "Ini Naan Mohini (Latchumi)" || London Harshi, Satish Chakravarthy, Kamala Kannan
|-
| 3 || "Kanmani Nee illaiyel" || [[Haricharan]], Satish Chakravarthy
|-
| 4 || "Stars Jolikka Vendum" || [[Neeti Mohan]], JayaPradeep
|-
| 5 || "Yaarival Yaarival Yaaro (Thiruda Thiruda) || Neeti Mohan, Satish Chakravarthy
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|3524312}}

[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Satish Chakravarthy]]

Aadi Perukku (film)

2026-03-04T05:14:47Z

TimDuncan875676: add structure to improve readability also and added references

{{short description|1962 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aadi Perukku
| image = Aadi Perukku film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Shankar]]
| writer = Makkalanban [[Javar Seetharaman]]
| producer = K. Madhanagopal
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[B. Saroja Devi]] [[Devika]]
| cinematography = Thambu
| editing = K. Shankar K. Neelakandan
| music = [[A. M. Rajah]]
| studio = Madhan Theatres
| released = {{film date|1962|8|2|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Aadi Perukku''''' ({{audio|Ta-ஆடிப்பெருக்கு.ogg|pronunciation}} also spelt '''''Aadipperukku''''') is a 1962 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]] edited and directed by [[K. Shankar]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[B. Saroja Devi]] and [[Devika]], while [[M. V. Rajamma]] and [[K. D. Santhanam]] play supporting roles. It was released on 2 August 1962, and failed at the box office.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=November 2021}}
Padma lives with her widowed mother and her brother, a harbour worker. The family finds refuge in the house of Raja, a poet. Padma's brother dies in an accident.

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[Gemini Ganesan|Gemini Ganesh]] as Raja & Philanthropist Krishnan
* [[J. P. Chandrababu|Chandrababu]] as Biscuit
* [[K. D. Santhanam]] as Ramalingam
* [[P. D. Sambandam]] as Koithan Pillai
* [[Karikol Raju]]
* [[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]]
* S. G. Eswaran as Sivanandam
* C. V. V. Panthulu as Well wisher
* Mahalingam as Sundaram
* R. Shankaran
* Gemini Balu
* Wahab Kashmiri
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[B. Saroja Devi]] as Padma
* [[Devika]] as Latha
* [[M. V. Rajamma]] as Parvathi
* [[K. V. Shanthi]] as Thangam
* [[C. K. Saraswathi]] as Mangalam
* Vidyavathi as Principal
* Devaki as Female Beggar
;Supporting cast<ref name="songbook" />
* G. V. Sharma, V. P. Natarajan
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
The film shares its name with [[Aadi Perukku]], a festival in [[Tamil Nadu]] which pays tribute to water's life-sustaining properties. Despite that, the festival is not referenced anywhere onscreen except the song "Annaiyin Arule Vaa", near the end of which Gemini Ganesan's character is shown singing the last two lines as a tribute to the festival. Shooting took place at the now non-existent Majestic Studios.<ref name="Hindu" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[A. M. Rajah]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mio.to/album/Aadi+Perukku+(1962) |title=Aadi Perukku (1962) |website=Music India Online |access-date=21 October 2016 |archive-date=21 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021194916/http://mio.to/album/Aadi+Perukku+(1962) |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="songbook" />

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 33:36
| title1 = Annaiyin Arule Vaa
| extra1 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Kothamangalam Subbu]]
| length1 = 3:32
| title2 = Idhuthaan Ulagamaa
| extra2 = [[P. Susheela]]
| lyrics2 = [[Kannadasan]]
| length2 = 3:24
| title3 = Kannaale Pesum
| extra3 = P. Susheela
| lyrics3 = K. D. Santhanam
| length3 = 3:12
| title4 = Kannizhanda Manidhar
| extra4 = [[A. M. Rajah|A. M. Raja]], P. Susheela
| lyrics4 = [[Kannadasan]]
| length4 = 3:12
| title5 = Kaaveri Oram
| extra5 = P. Susheela
| lyrics5 = K. D. Santhanam
| length5 = 3:16
| title6 = Pengal Illaatha
| extra6 = A. M. Raja, P. Susheela
| lyrics6 = [[Kothamangalam Subbu]]
| length6 = 6:44
| title7 = Puriyaathu
| extra7 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
| lyrics7 = Suratha
| length7 = 4:44
| title8 = Thanimaiyile Inimai
| note8 = duet
| extra8 = A. M. Raja, P. Susheela
| lyrics8 = [[K. D. Santhanam]]
| length8 = 3:21
| title9 = Thanimaiyile Inimai
| note9 = male
| extra9 = A. M. Raja
| lyrics9 = K. D. Santhanam
| length9 = 3:31
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Aadi Perukku'' was released on 2 August 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=17 August 2022 |title=60-ம் ஆண்டு கொண்டாடும் படங்கள்; அற்புதமான பாடல்கள்! |url=https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/60-years-of-celebrated-tamil-films |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913094813/https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/60-years-of-celebrated-tamil-films |archive-date=13 September 2022 |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref> On 10 August, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called it "another insipid medley of romance, comedy and melodrama [...] A story of unfulfilled love, the film is heavily padded with the usual quantum of songs, dances and other box office gimmicks." The reviewer however praised the performances of the cast members.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 August 1962 |title=Aadi Perukku |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620810&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=25 April 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded Saroja Devi's performance, but said she was the only reason to watch the film just once.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=2 September 1962 |title=ஆடிப்பெருக்கு |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1962/sep/02-09-1962/p24.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220913094536/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1962/sep/02-09-1962/p24.jpg |archive-date=13 September 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref> According to historian [[Randor Guy]], the film did not succeed commercially because of the "somewhat predictable storyline, the many deaths and the lack of significance of the title".<ref name="Hindu" />

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Hindu">{{Cite news|last=Guy|first=Randor|author-link=Randor Guy|date=7 March 2015|title=Blast from the Past: Aadiperukku – 1962|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/aadiperukku-1962/article6969432.ece|url-status=live|access-date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026152846/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/aadiperukku-1962/article6969432.ece|archive-date=26 October 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNM1RrXzk2UElibFk/view |title=ஆடிப்பெருக்கு |publisher=Madhan Theatres |year=1962 |language=Tamil |type=[[song book]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{K. Shankar}}

[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:1960s romance films]]
[[Category:1962 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Shankar]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. M. Rajah]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Javar Seetharaman]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]

Engitta Mothathay

2026-03-03T04:59:45Z

TimDuncan875676: added new data...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Engitta Mothathay poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[R. Sundarrajan]]
| screenplay = R. Sundarrajan
| story = [[Panchu Arunachalam]]
| producer = Raajeshwari Sundarrajan
| starring = [[Vijayakanth]] [[Shobana]] [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]
| cinematography = Rajarajan
| editing = K. R. Ramalingam
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Raajeswari Productions
| released = {{Film date|1990|9|14|df=y}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Engitta Mothathay''''' ({{translation|Don't mess with me}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[action drama film]], directed by [[R. Sundarrajan]] and produced by Raajeshwari Sundarrajan. The film stars [[Vijayakanth]], [[Shobana]] and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]. It was released on 14 September 1990,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}</ref> and failed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=1 February 2019 |title='என் கல்யாணப் பரிசா 'புலன்விசாரணை' கொடுத்துட்டியே செல்வமணி!'- விஜயகாந்த் நெகிழ்ச்சி |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/156784-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731083051/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/156784-.html |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=14 May 2023 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film's title was derived from a song from ''[[Rajadhi Raja (1989 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' (1989) also directed by Sundarrajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2021 |title=ஒரே பாடலில் இரு படங்கள்... பாடலில் பிறந்த படங்களின் வரலாறு |url=https://cinereporters.com/latest-news-two-films-in-one-song-history-of-films-born-in-the-song-cid3335806-htm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514073050/https://cinereporters.com/latest-news-two-films-in-one-song-history-of-films-born-in-the-song-cid3335806-htm/ |archive-date=14 May 2023 |access-date=14 May 2023 |website=CineReporters |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=25 March 2017 |title=Enkitta Mothathe Movie Review |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/enkitta-mothathe-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230514070558/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/enkitta-mothathe-movie-review |archive-date=14 May 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=May 2023}}
Saroja loves Pandian and wants to marry him. Meanwhile, Mallika, an arrogant wealthy girl, also falls in love with Pandian and plots to cause a rift between Saroja and him. Will Mallika be victorious in her attempt or not is what the story culminates into.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vijayakanth]] as Pandiyan
*[[Shobana]] as Mallika
*[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Saroja
*[[Radha Ravi]]
*[[Nizhalgal Ravi]]
*[[Vadivukkarasi]] as Saroja's Mother
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Valliamma
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]]
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]
*[[Raja (Tamil actor)|Raja]] in a Guest Appearance
*[[Sarath Kumar]] as Military Kandhan (Guest Appearance)
*[[Idichapuli Selvaraj]]
*[[Kullamani]]
*[[Gundu Kalyanam]]
*[[Pasi Narayanan]]
*[[Balu Anand]] as Mutton shop owner
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Engitta Mothathey Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraaja |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/engitta-mothathey-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508063928/https://macsendisk.com/product/engitta-mothathey-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=Macsendisk}}</ref> The song "Sariyo Sariyo" was a reused version of "Puzhayorathil" from the 1989 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Adharvam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=14 October 2014 |title=Time-traveling with Ilayaraja across his Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam songs! |url=https://milliblog.com/2014/10/14/time-traveling-with-ilayaraja-across-his-telugu-kannada-and-malayalam-songs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117041335/http://milliblog.com/2014/10/14/time-traveling-with-ilayaraja-across-his-telugu-kannada-and-malayalam-songs/ |archive-date=17 November 2019 |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=[[Milliblog]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 23:50
| title1 = Anju Paisa Pathu Paisa
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra1 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length1 = 4:34
| title2 = Hey Maama
| lyrics2 = [[Pulamaipithan]]
| extra2 = [[S. Janaki]]
| length2 = 4:24
| title3 = Ivan Veeran Sooran
| lyrics3 = Vaali
| extra3 = S. Janaki
| length3 = 4:35
| title4 = Onnodu Rendunnu
| lyrics4 = Vaali
| extra4 = Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
| length4 = 4:35
| title5 = Sariyo Sariyo Naan
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| extra5 = Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
| length5 = 4:38
| title6 = Kai Veesamma Kai Veesu
| lyrics6 = Vaali
| extra6 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length6 = 1:04
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{R. Sundarrajan}}

[[Category:1990 action drama films]]
[[Category:1990 films]]
[[Category:1990 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1990 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s romantic action films]]
[[Category:1990 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. Sundarrajan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Panchu Arunachalam]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by R. Sundarrajan]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai

2026-03-03T04:29:01Z

TimDuncan875676: new page...

{{More plot|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[S. S. Stanley]]
| writer = S. S. Stanley
| producer = Valaipechu S. Anthanan
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]
| cinematography = [[M. V. Panneerselvam]]
| editing = [[Anil Malnad]]
| music = Paul J
| released = {{Film date|2006|11|10|df=yes}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai''''' ({{Translation|[[East Coast Road]]}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action romance film]] written and directed by [[S. S. Stanley]]. The film stars [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] and [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]. It was released on 10 November 2006,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kizhakku Kadalkarai Salai (2006) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/kizhakku-kadalkarai-salai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714020055/https://screen4screen.com/movies/kizhakku-kadalkarai-salai |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=23 March 2025 |website=Screen4Screen}}</ref> and was not a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=27 November 2008 |title='I've gained confidence' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ive-gained-confidence/articleshow/3760417.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323050712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ive-gained-confidence/articleshow/3760417.cms |archive-date=23 March 2025 |access-date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ganesh, an orphan, comes in search of a job at a petrol bunk in ECR. He manages to win the goodwill of the petrol bunk owner and gets employed there. Enters Priya, an arrogant college student. He throws a challenge to his friends to make Priya fall for him. Meanwhile, Priya's brother GTR, a leading criminal lawyer in the city, learns of Ganesh's moves and tries to thwart his plans.

Ganesh had lost his family to the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004]], when they were at ECR to attend a family function. Coming to know of his past and his good ways, Priya is attracted to Ganesh. Priya's brother hatches a conspiracy to prevent them from getting married. He kidnaps his sister, and the blame falls on Ganesh.

How Ganesh overcomes all tragic events and succeeds in reuniting with Priya forms the remaining part of the story.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] as Ganesh
* [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] as Priya
* [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] as Advocate GTR
* [[Ganja Karuppu]] as Ganesh's friend
* [[Muthukaalai]] as Ganesh's friend
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Politician
* [[Sridevi Ashok]] as Devi, Priya's friend
* [[Sampath Ram]] as Police officer
* [[Nellai Siva]] as Motorcycle driver
* [[Vijay Antony]] as Naren Gupta, the regional manager of [[Hindustan Unilever|Hindustan Lever Group of Companies]] (special appearance)
}}

== Production ==

The film saw Stanley and Srikanth collaborating for third time after ''[[April Maadhathil]]'' and ''[[Mercury Pookkal]]'' and was produced by journalist and Srikanth's manager Andhanan.<ref name=":0" /> It was originally titled ''Kalla Sirippazhaga''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2006 |title='Kallasiripazhaga'- Srikanth and S S Stanley collaborate again |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/24022006-5.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018030931/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/24022006-5.shtml |archive-date=18 October 2006 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> The film's important scenes and fight scenes were shot at a petrol bunk near Marakkanam between Chennai and Pondicherry.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2006 |title=Kizhakku Kadarkarai Saalai |url=http://cinesouth.com/scopes/previews/new/kilaku.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831012531/http://cinesouth.com/scopes/previews/new/kilaku.shtml |archive-date=31 August 2006 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> The song "Kanja Penne" was shot at [[Azhiyar Dam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2006 |title=Crazy Srikanth rains kisses on Bhavana! |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/01092006-3.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018030458/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/01092006-3.shtml |archive-date=18 October 2006 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by Paul J.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai (2006) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/Kizhakku-Kadarkarai-Salai-songs-T0000912 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205134430/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/Kizhakku-Kadarkarai-Salai-songs-T0000912 |archive-date=5 December 2024 |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> It is his feature film debut after having scored numerous [[Jingle|jingles]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audio Review : Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai – Music for the youth |url=https://www.musicindiaonline.com/ar/i/movie_name/8625/0/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123104854/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/ar/i/movie_name/8625/0/ |archive-date=23 November 2007 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Music India Online }}</ref> The song "Oru Kodi" was inspired by "Ran Kurahan Mala" by the Sri Lankan duo [[Bathiya and Santhush]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Tamil [Other Composers] |url=https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190522113005/https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=15 April 2024 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref> The audio was released on 15 September 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2006 |title=Simbu releases audio of Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/16092006-3.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018053527/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/16092006-3.shtml |archive-date=18 October 2006 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kancha Penna
| length1 =
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = Veeramani, Pallavi
| title2 = Kengini Mingini
| length2 =
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = Suresh Peter, Grace Karunas
| title3 = Oru Koodi
| length3 =
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = Donan Narray, Ganga
| title4 = Vada Vangada
| length4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = Jassie Gift, Veeramani
| title5 = Ajarey Ajarey
| length5 =
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Boney Chakravarthy
| title6 = Eno Edhil Eno
| length6 =
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = Jaydev
| title7 = Welcome To ECR
| length7 =
| lyrics7 =
| extra7 = Swapna
}}

==Critical reception==
TSV Hari of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "A virtually invisible script by writer-director SS Stanley and meaningless songs, Stanley cannot seem to get it right in the horror that is Kizhakku Kadakarkarai Salai".<ref name="re">{{Cite web |last=Hari |first=TSV |date=14 November 2006 |title=Kizhakku Kadakarkarai Salai: Pathetic |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/kks/20061114.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328215902/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/kks/20061114.htm |archive-date=28 March 2023 |access-date=23 May 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> A critic from ''Chennai Online'' wrote that "The film has some lively situations and the lead pair show exuberance".<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2006 |title=Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/11kks.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117135112/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/moviereviews/2006/index.asp |archive-date=17 January 2007 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the romance between the lead pair but felt the problems they encounter in second half is uninteresting but praised Paul's music and Panneerselvam's cinematography and the director for interesting scenes and poetic dialogues and concluded saying story was based on tsunami but could have been a good film if it was more focused.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=26 November 2006 |title=கிழக்கு கடற்கரை சாலை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-11-26/page/78/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240409164215/https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-11-26/page/78/mode/2up |archive-date=9 April 2024 |access-date=9 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=78 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Stanley who has earlier revealed a knack of making the most simple, straightforward story fairly interesting, is off the mark this time".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=16 November 2006 |title=Love ... this time on ECR - Kizhakku Kadarkarai Saalai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/love-this-time-on-ecr-kizhakku-kadarkarai-saalai/article3231397.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323062011/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/love-this-time-on-ecr-kizhakku-kadarkarai-saalai/article3231397.ece |archive-date=23 March 2025 |access-date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s romantic action films]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. S. Stanley]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]

Boomika

2026-03-03T02:35:10Z

TimDuncan875676: added stub...

{{short description|2021 Indian Tamil-language film by Rathindran R. Prasad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Bhoomika
| music = Prithvi Chandrasekhar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/prithvi-chandrasekhar-composes-for-the-love-of-music/article7077912.ece|title=For the love of music|first=Raveena|last=Joseph|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 April 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417045723/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/prithvi-chandrasekhar-composes-for-the-love-of-music/article7077912.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/710622-prithvi-chandrasekhar.html|title=நவீன இசையமைப்பாளர்|website=Hindu Tamil Thisai|date=30 August 2021 |language=ta}}</ref>
| image = Boomika.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Action thriller]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = Rathindran R. Prasad
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = Rathindran R. Prasad
| starring = [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] [[Avantika Vandanapu]] Vidhu
| narrated =
| language = Tamil
| num_episodes =
| producer = [[Karthik Subbaraj]]
| editor =
| cinematography = Roberto Zazzara
| runtime = 123 minutes
| company = [[Stone Bench|Stone Bench Films]]
| budget =
| network = [[Star Vijay]]
| released = {{Start date|2021|08|22|df=yes}}
| country = India
}}

'''''Boomika''''' also spelt as '''''Bhoomika''''',<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aishwarya Rajesh's 'Bhoomika' gets OTT release date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/aishwarya-rajeshs-bhoomika-gets-ott-release-date/videoshow/85535846.cms|access-date=2021-08-23|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=25 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825010440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/aishwarya-rajeshs-bhoomika-gets-ott-release-date/videoshow/85535846.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> is a 2021 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[horror thriller film]] written and directed by Rathindran R. Prasad. The film is also touted as the first film with the genre of eco action thriller.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-10|title=Aishwarya Rajesh starrer Boomika promises to be a gripping horror movie|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/aishwarya-rajeshs-boomika-promises-to-be-a-gripping-horror-movie-7445422/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812012636/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/aishwarya-rajeshs-boomika-promises-to-be-a-gripping-horror-movie-7445422/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-16|title=Watch: Trailer of Aishwarya Rajesh's Boomika hints at an eerie film|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-trailer-aishwarya-rajesh-s-boomika-hints-eerie-film-153987|access-date=2021-08-23|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823143527/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-trailer-aishwarya-rajesh-s-boomika-hints-eerie-film-153987|url-status=live}}</ref> The film stars [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Avantika Vandanapu]], Vidhu, Madhuri Jain and [[Pavel Navageethan]]. The film resembles similar to the storyline of [[Karthik Subbaraj]]'s directorial [[Mercury (2018 film)|''Mercury'']].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Boomika Movie Review: A taut horror drama with some interesting ideas|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2021/aug/22/boomika-movie-review-a-taut-horror-drama-with-some-interesting-ideas-26199.html|access-date=2021-08-22|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=22 August 2021 |language=en|archive-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822143843/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2021/aug/22/boomika-movie-review-a-taut-horror-drama-with-some-interesting-ideas-26199.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was directly released via [[Star Vijay]] on 22 August 2021 and streamed internationally through [[Netflix]], the following day (23 August 2021).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-31|title=Aishwarya Rajesh's 'Boomika' gears up for television premiere|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aishwarya-rajesh-s-boomika-gears-television-premiere-153235|access-date=2021-08-22|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822150858/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aishwarya-rajesh-s-boomika-gears-television-premiere-153235|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-16|title=Aishwarya Rajesh's Boomika, a horror-thriller that unfolds in a forest, will premiere on August 23. Watch|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/aishwarya-rajesh-s-boomika-a-horror-thriller-that-unfolds-in-a-forest-will-premiere-on-august-23-watch-101629108821312.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823135018/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/aishwarya-rajesh-s-boomika-a-horror-thriller-that-unfolds-in-a-forest-will-premiere-on-august-23-watch-101629108821312.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film opened to average reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|last=kavitha|date=2021-08-20|title=OTT: A feel-good family fare & Aishwarya's 'eco-horror' film|url=https://thefederal.com/entertainment/ott-a-feel-good-family-fare-aishwaryas-eco-horror-film/|access-date=2021-08-23|website=The Federal|language=en-US|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823135020/https://thefederal.com/entertainment/ott-a-feel-good-family-fare-aishwaryas-eco-horror-film/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In [[Nagapattinam]], a man drives home to visit his [[pregnant]] wife. While [[Mobile phones and driving safety|talking to her on the phone]] about a recently concluded construction deal, his car collides with an oncoming truck, killing him.

Meanwhile, Samyuktha "Sam" - a psychologist based in [[Ooty]], is seeking medical therapy for her 4-year-old son - Siddhu, who suffers from speech impediment. Sam's husband, Gautham, is a rising architect, who has just concluded a deal for the refurbishment of a deserted compound, for a [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|politician]]. To focus on the project, the couple invites Gautham's childhood-friend, Gayathri - a reputed architect, and Aditi - Gautham's sister, to live with them at the compound.

While preparing to stay at the compound for the night, Gayathri begins texting with Krishna, an old-friend of hers. While sending a selfie of her and Aditi to him, he eerily replies that, he too, will be seen the picture - if they "begin to take things more seriously". However, Gautham reveals that Krishna, had died in a car accident the previous night, and that phones don't get satellite connectivity at the compound. Soon after, more paranormal activities begin to occur; Gayathri's phone begins to regularly beep with newer messages, despite her even having removed its battery. Concurrently, the power blacks out. Horrified with the recent events, the group attempts to flee, only to thwarted by their malfunctioning car.

Having retreated back into the compound, Sam and Gayathri deduce that the recent texts weren't sent by Krishna, given his premature demise, but that of a paranormal source. Gautham then divulges that the compound, was earlier a school, which had been deserted over ten-years ago, on account of paranormal activities in the aftermath of a girl's death - infamously known as the "Mount Roseyard School Mystery". While seeking to find clues about the school's history, the group discovers several magazines with articles relating to the mystery; the pages of the articles are missing. Concurrently, Aditi - petrified with the recent events, attempts to flee, only to be ambushed by a pack of wild dogs. Gautham and Dharman - the compound's security guard, manage to save her, despite all three getting injured. While treating Aditi, the group discovers the torn pages in the house of the school's former librarian.

While reading the pages, the group learns that the girl in-question, Boomika - was the [[autism|autistic]] daughter of the librarian, Ganesan. Boomika - an exceptionally-talented artist, and a [[Nature connectedness|nature lover]], was well known for her astonishing works of art. She had spent most of her time, either painting in an abandoned flat, or leisuring in the nearby forest, despite Ganesan's wishes for her to pursue proper education. With a growing reputation - she was admitted into the school; however, she had died mysteriously afterwards. In the aftermath of her death, the entire school and the surrounding residents were reported to have migrated elsewhere, after reports of multiple murders in the area.

Dharman bizarrely quips that Boomika and the [[Earth]] "are the same" - it will take revenge on anyone who dares to "desecrate it". Gayathri deduces his view as the [[Gaia hypothesis|Gaia Hypothesis]] - that the Earth itself is a single, self-regulating organism, while other living forms thrive in a sort of symbiotic relationship with it; any organism which threatens to destabilize the Earth's ecological balance with ruin, will be killed. Elsewhere, Gautham visits the abandoned flat where Boomika used to paint, and witnesses the wall-paintings moving. Simultaneously, a paranoid Aditi, manages to musters enough courage to destroy Gayathri's phone - which she believes is the root cause for the recent events. Gayathri follows her, only to stop dead in her tracks, when she sees a ghastly apparition - presumably Boomika's spirit, behind Aditi. "Boomika" knocks out Aditi and Gayathri, and begins to chase Sam, who attempts to flee. Dharman manages to create a distraction; he is knocked out instead. Sam reunites with Gautham; they rush back into the compound upon realizing than Siddhu was left behind. Sam finds Siddhu painting with Boomika; she leaves a few moments later, without harming him, but not before Siddhu utters "Thank you", indicating that he overcame his impediment.

With Boomika presumably gone, the group vacates the house. In the aftermath of the night's events - Aditi is shown to be receiving therapy for trauma, Gayathri is recuperating from her injuries, Dharman has retreated to his hometown, Siddhu has regained his ability of speech, while Gautham remains in Ooty to focus on the refurbishment project; he cautiously conducts a [[puja (Hinduism)|''bhumi puja'']] (sacred rituals), in an attempt to prevent Boomika from returning. Elsewhere, Sam, who is visiting Gayathri in [[Bengaluru]], is told by the latter about the true circumstances behind Boomika's death - Boomika had committed suicide, distraught with the then-ongoing [[infrastructure]] projects - which had threatened [[deforestation]] of the surrounding forests. Gayathri further reveals that Ganesan was intimidated to remain silent, and that the target of the murders which occurred in the aftermath of her death, were all people related to construction-activities. Gayathri realizes that Boomika's actions {{em|matches}} the Gaia Hypothesis - just as how the Earth would "kill" anyone which threatened to destroy its ecological sanctity, Boomika had murdered the construction workers, whose activities had threatened to cause ruin to her environment. Realizing that Gautham may be in danger, Sam rushes back to Ooty; it is shown that she had persuaded him to continue with the project, despite the paranormal events, and that Krishna was the one who had mediated the deal between Gautham and the politician - thus resulting in his death in the car crash (the politician was also murdered a while later).

Upon her return to Ooty, Sam is told that Gautham is about to refurbish the abandoned flat; however, she is too late to save him, as the flat's door locks Gautham inside, leaving him trapped, much to Sam's despair. Gautham witnesses the wall-paintings moving once again; he sees Boomika right in front of him. She lets out a scream, before the screen cuts to black - implying that she is about to kill Gautham.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] as Samyuktha "Sam" Gowtham
* [[Avantika Vandanapu]] as Boomika
* Vidhu as Gowtham
* [[Pavel Navageethan]] as Dharman
* Surya Ganapathy as Gayathri
* Madhuri Jain as Aditi
* Ayaan Abhishek, as Siddhu
* Prasanna Balachandran (Nakkalites) as Ganesan
* [[Eashvar Karthic]] as Krishna, Gayathri, Sam and Gowtham's friend
* Srija Priyadharshini (Nakkalites), as Sumathi
}}

== Production ==
The film project was announced by ''Rathindran R. Prasad'' as his second directorial venture after his unreleased film project ''Ithu Vedhalam Sollum Kathai''.<ref name=":0" /> ''Boomika'' incidentally became his first film have its official released before his first film project. The film was bankrolled by Karthik Subbraj under his production banner Stone Bench and Passion Films. The principal photography of the film commenced in 2019 and the portions of the film were extensively shot in [[Ooty]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agency|date=2021-08-21|title=Bhoomika is special to me, says Aishwarya Rajesh|url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2021/08/21/bhoomika-is-special-to-me-says-aishwarya-rajesh/|access-date=2021-08-23|website=News Today {{!}} First with the news|language=en-US}}</ref> The shooting of the film was completed way before the onset of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] as the shooting of the film was wrapped up in a single schedule in [[Nilgiri Mountains|Nilgiris]]. It also marked 25th film for Aishwarya Rajesh in her acting career.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aishwarya Rajesh's 25th film titled 'Boomika'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/aug/24/aishwarya-rajeshs-25th-film-titled-boomika-2187301.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=The New Indian Express|date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911025653/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/aug/24/aishwarya-rajeshs-25th-film-titled-boomika-2187301.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The first look poster of the film was unveiled on 19 October 2020 by actors [[Jayam Ravi]] and [[Tamannaah]].<ref name=":1" />

==Soundtrack==
Soundtrack was composed by Prithvi Chandrasekhar.<ref>{{cite web|work=Raaga|access-date=4 March 2024|url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/boomika-songs-T0005050|title=Boomika songs download}}</ref>
*Mannenum Maaya Thee - Prithvi Chandrasekhar, [[Andrea Jeremiah]]

== Release ==
The film has its direct premiere via Star Vijay on 22 August 2021 at 3 pm and opened to generally mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aishwarya Rajesh's Boomika to have a TV premiere?|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/22/aishwarya-rajeshs-boomika-to-have-a-tv-premiere-25625.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=22 July 2021 |language=en|archive-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822154119/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/22/aishwarya-rajeshs-boomika-to-have-a-tv-premiere-25625.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was globally premiered via Netflix on 23 August 2021, the day after the television premiere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-17|title=Boomika to premiere on Netflix on this date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/boomika-to-stream-on-netflix-on-this-date-7456284/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822143842/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/boomika-to-stream-on-netflix-on-this-date-7456284/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
[[Firstpost|First Post]] rated the film 2 out of 5 stars indicating that the film uses a textbook approach to the monster in the house genre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-23|title=Boomika movie review: Aishwarya Rajesh, director Rathindran R Prasad's eco-horror feature is a tropey affair|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/boomika-movie-review-aishwarya-rajesh-director-rathindran-r-prasads-eco-horror-feature-is-a-tropey-affair-9905951.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Firstpost|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823135018/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/boomika-movie-review-aishwarya-rajesh-director-rathindran-r-prasads-eco-horror-feature-is-a-tropey-affair-9905951.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Indian Express|Indian Express]] rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars indicating that the film is a watchable thriller.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-23|title=Boomika movie review: Aishwarya Rajesh stars in a watchable thriller|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/boomika-movie-review-aishwarya-rajesh-a-watchable-thriller-7466830/|access-date=2021-08-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823135020/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/boomika-movie-review-aishwarya-rajesh-a-watchable-thriller-7466830/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Hindustan Times]] stated, "the film is a visually pleasing thriller with convoluted messaging."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-23|title=Boomika movie review: Aishwarya Rajesh's film is a visually pleasing thriller with convoluted messaging|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/boomika-movie-review-aishwarya-rajesh-s-film-is-a-visually-pleasing-thriller-with-convoluted-messaging-101629720710966.html|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823135021/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/boomika-movie-review-aishwarya-rajesh-s-film-is-a-visually-pleasing-thriller-with-convoluted-messaging-101629720710966.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Times of India|Times of India]] gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "its an elegantly shot horror thriller that gives in-your-face message."<ref>{{Citation|title=Boomika Review: An elegantly shot horror thriller with in-your-face messaging|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/boomika/ottmoviereview/84943441.cms|access-date=2021-08-27|archive-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822143842/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/boomika/ottmoviereview/84943441.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Sify'' wrote "Boomika begins well with an interesting premise and a much-needed message at a time when the entire world is suffering due to global warming and other environmental hazards but it suffers due to the preachy tone!".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Boomika review: An average horror thriller|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/boomika-review-an-average-horror-thriller-review-tamil-vixepAfhgiieg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823063634/https://www.sify.com/movies/boomika-review-an-average-horror-thriller-review-tamil-vixepAfhgiieg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 August 2021|access-date=2021-08-23|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt11073148}}
* {{Netflix title}}

{{Karthik Subbaraj}}
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:2021 horror films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian horror films]]
[[Category:Indian television films]]
[[Category:2021 television films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Horror television films]]
[[Category:Thriller television films]]
[[Category:Films not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films about autism]]

All India Society for Electronics and Computer Technology

2026-02-27T13:00:17Z

TimDuncan875676: page edit

{{Short description|Social enterprise providing computer education}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = All India Society for Electronics and Computer Technology
| abbreviation = '''AISECT'''
| logo =
| logo_caption = Education, Empowerment, Enterprise
| type = [[Organization]]
| formation = 1985
| location = [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| area_served = [[India]]
| key_people = [[Santosh Choubey]] (Founder & Chairman), Siddhartha Chaturvedi (EVP), Abhishek Pandit (EVP), Pallavi Rao (EVP)
| purpose = [[Social enterprise|Social Enterprise]]
| services = Skill Development & Training, Higher Education, K12 Education, ICT based intervention, E-Governance, Financial Inclusion and Last Mile Service Delivery
| num_employees = 3300+ (2019)
| website = {{url|aisect.org}}
}}

'''All India Society for Electronics and Computer Technology (AISECT)''' is a [[social enterprise]] established in 1985 to take computer education to the rural and semi-urban masses. It was established by [[Santosh Choubey]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/pathbreakers-santosh-kumar-choubey-and-how-he-bridged-the-it-literacy-gap/articleshow/12732493.cms|title=Pathbreakers: Santosh Kumar Choubey and how he bridged the IT literacy gap|first=Moinak|last=Mitra|date=April 20, 2012|via=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aisect.org/|title=AISECT|website=aisect.org}}</ref> The organisation now operates in 28 states and four [[union territories]] of India, serving millions of people mostly in rural and semi-urban areas through its 23,000+ end-mile service delivery centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.undp.org/content/dam/istanbul/docs/Case%20Study%2006%20-%20AISECT%20-%20Training%20Rural%20Youth%20to%20Bridge%20the%20ICT%20Gap.pdf|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|title=AISECT: TRAINING RURAL YOUTH TO BRIDGE THE ICT GAP|year=2017}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businessworld.in/article/AISECT-And-Its-Role-In-E-Governance/11-09-2017-125902|title=AISECT And Its Role In E-Governance|last=Sharma|first=Bhaktvatsal|website=BW Businessworld|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref>

== History ==
The society was established by Santosh Choubey and a few other youths in 1985 when computers were new to India. Computers became more useful and popular over the years but the rural and semi-urban masses of India were being left out from India's economic and digital growth story. AISECT realising the need to bridge the ICT gap and started developing computer education content in regional languages, starting with Hindi. It started opening computer training centres in rural districts and blocks of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in the early nineties after going through various reorganisations over the years, AISECT was officially registered as a cooperative society in the year 1997.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://guidestarindia.org.in/Summary.aspx?ccreg=6814| title=Summary of AISECT}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Information technology education]]
[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1985]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Man Bahadur Rai

2026-02-25T06:48:01Z

TimDuncan875676: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Short description|Recipient of the Ashoka Chakra (1914–2011)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Captain]]
| name = Man Bahadur Rai
| honorific_suffix = [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|AC]], [[Military Cross|MC]], [[Indian Distinguished Service Medal|IDSM]]
| image = Captain Man Bahadur Rai.jpg
| image_size = 250 px
| caption = Portrait of Captain Man Bahadur Rai
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1914|01|10}}<ref name="recipients">{{cite book |last1=Aggarwal |first1=Rashmi |title=Ashoka Chakra Recipients |pages=173 |publisher=Prabhat Books}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Darjeeling district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj]] (present-day [[West Bengal]], India)<ref name="recipients"/>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2011|02|14|1914|01|10}}
| death_place = [[Jorhat]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| serviceyears = 1930–19??
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|British India}} {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|British Raj}} {{army|India}}
| rank = [[File:Captain of the Indian Army.svg|25px]] [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]
| servicenumber = 17249IO (British Indian Army Indian Officer) SS-14842 (short-service commission)<ref name="commission"/> IC-5261 (regular commission)<ref name="commission"/>
| unit = [[10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles]] [[11th Gorkha Rifles]] [[Assam Rifles]]
| commands =
| battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[World War II]]
** [[Burma campaign]]
* [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards = [[File:Ashoka Chakra ribbon.svg|30px]] [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]] [[File:Military cross BAR.svg|30px]] [[Military Cross]] [[File:Indian Distinguished Service Medal Ribbon.gif|30px]] [[Indian Distinguished Service Medal]]
}}

[[Captain]] '''Man Bahadur Rai''' [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|AC]], [[Military Cross|MC]], [[Indian Distinguished Service Medal|IDSM]] (10 January 1914 – 14 February 2011) was a highly decorated [[Indian Army]] Gorkha officer and a recipient of the [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]], the highest peacetime Indian gallantry decoration. Only the fourth Ashoka Chakra recipient to be decorated while living, he was the third Indian Army serviceman and the first Indian Army officer to have been honoured while alive.<ref>{{cite journal |author= |date=1975 |title=Names, Addresses of and Facilities for Ashok Chakra Winners |journal=Lok Sabha Debates |volume=48 |pages=41 }}</ref>

==Early life==
A member of a [[Rai people|Rai]] family in the Darjeeling district, Rai enlisted in the [[British Indian Army]] on 17 July 1930, joining the 1st Battalion of 10th Gurkha Rifles.<ref name="recipients"/>

==Second World War==
During the Second World War, Rai was promoted to ''[[jemadar]]'' (now ''[[naib subedar]]'') on 1 December 1941.<ref name="Indian_Army_List_45">{{cite book|pages=1818b|title=Indian Army List for October 1945 (Part II)|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1945}}</ref> As an acting subedar (paid), he fought in the Burma Campaign, during which he won the Indian Distinguished Service Medal (IDSM).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=36382|date=15 February 1944 |page=827|supp=y}}</ref><ref name="IDSM_cite">{{cite web |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D7364066|title=Recommendation for Award for Manbahadur Rai |website=The National Archives (UK)|publisher=UK Government |access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> The citation (which was not made public), reads as follows:

<blockquote>
10 December 1943

Subedar Manbahadur Rai, 1/10 Gurkha Rifles, 63rd Indian Infantry Brigade, [[17th Infantry Division (India)|17th Indian Division]]

On the 14th November 1943 this G.O. [Gurkha Officer] was 2nd in command of a company which was ordered to counter-attack at night against strong Japanese forces, estimated to be the major part of a battalion and supported by mortars and infantry guns. During the course of the fighting, which lasted the whole of the next day, and during which quite early in the proceedings his company commander was wounded five times, this Officer displayed the greatest coolness, courage and military skill.
Initially in charge of the mortars and rear [illegible] company H.Q., he kept his Brigade H.Q. fully and continuously in the picture, gauging accurately when extra ammunition was required and organising the evacuation of the wounded. When his company commander was wounded, he ordered him back to Rear H. Q. and took over command. For some hours he kept large numbers of the enemy at bay by his oppositions, ensuring he could not be surrounded, counter-attacking twice, methodically collecting a large quantity of material for identification purposes and finally when ordered to withdraw, pulling out unhurried and with great military precision. All his dead, wounded and material were got away including much enemy material, and the enemy received such a hard blow that he never followed up and indeed has never recovered the position.
Throughout, this Officer’s leadership and military skill was of the highest order.<ref name="IDSM_cite"/>
</blockquote>

Subsequently promoted to war-substantive subedar, Rai was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 8 October 1944.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37151|date=26 June 1945 |page=3382|supp=y}}</ref><ref name="mc">{{cite web |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D7366958|title=Recommendation for Award for Manbahadur Rai |website=The National Archives (UK)|publisher=UK Government |access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> He received the decoration for, among other actions, his command of his company during the [[Battle of Imphal]] in the area of [[Bishnupur, Manipur]]. Taking command after his company commander had been killed and while he and his unit were pinned down by Japanese machine-gun fire from several bunkers, Rai conducted a reconnaissance mission and located all of the nearby enemy bunkers. After throwing five grenades at the nearest bunkers, he devised a plan of attack and led his company in an attack which eliminated the first line of bunkers.<ref name="mc"/> In the full citation, which was not published, Rai was commended for:<ref name="mc"/>

<blockquote>
...his dash and courage, combined with high qualities of leadership and initiative shown by this Gurkha Officer on all occasions when his company has been in action.
</blockquote>

==Indian Army service==
After Indian independence, Rai's regiment, the 10th Gurkha Rifles, which primarily recruited soldiers of the Rai ethnicity, was allocated to the United Kingdom and became a British Army regiment. Rai opted to serve in the Indian Army, joining the newly re-raised 11th Gorkha Rifles.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bajwa |first=Mandeep Singh |date=22 June 2014 |title=The Kirantis and their beginnings |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/the-kirantis-and-their-beginnings/story-iITxrkeBt32Ai1xtme6xlJ.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=28 July 2019 }}</ref> On 23 August 1948, he received a short-service commission as a second lieutenant in the 11th Gorkhas (seniority from 23 August 1946).<ref name="commission">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |pages=179–180 |date=9 August 1958|page= |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1958/O-2065-1958-0032-93385.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He received a regular commission as a lieutenant on 7 February 1951 (seniority from 27 August 1948),<ref name="commission"/> and was promoted to captain on 27 August 1954.<ref name="captain">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=81 |date=9 March 1963|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1963/O-1838-1963-0010-83385.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> On 20 November 1956, he was seconded for service with the 8th Battalion of the [[Assam Rifles]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=115 |date=24 May 1958|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1958/O-2068-1958-0021-93591.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref><ref name="Ashoka_Chakra">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 1: President's Secretariat |page=46 |date=24 January 1962 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> and was then assigned to the Village Guards (Naga Hills, Tuensang Area) on 1 December 1957.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=325 |date=10 December 1960|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1960/O-1948-1960-0050-87709.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He was appointed Officer Commanding Village Guard (Tuensang Wing) on 1 March 1958.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=121 |date=7 March 1959|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1959/O-1990-1959-0010-89878.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

On 3 May 1961, Rai was decorated with the Ashoka Chakra for his heroism while in command of a platoon during the Nagaland Insurgency:<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 1: The Gazette of India - Extraordinary |page=46 |date=24 January 1962 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

<blockquote>
No. 9-Pres/62.—The President is pleased to approve the award of the ASHOKA CHAKRA, CLASS I, to the undermentioned personnel for most conspicuous bravery:

Captain MAN BAHADUR RAI (IC-5261). M.C., I.D.S.M., 11th Gorkha Rifles.(Seconded to Assam Rifles).

''(Effective date of award — 3rd May 1961)''

In April–May 1961, Captain Man Bahadur Rai (IC-5261) took part in a series of actions against a body of hostile Nagas who had entrenched themselves in a very difficult, densely wooded, hilly region interspersed with numerous ravines. Towards the end of April 1961, he led a platoon at dead of night through two hostile positions into the heart of their stronghold, fiercely attacked them and was successful in dislodging them from that position. On the 3rd May 1961, he led a platoon against another strongly fortified hostile position which was situated on the steep slopes of a ravine. This position dominated the surrounding area and could not be approached except frontally. Captain Rai, knowing that heavy casualties would result if he were to attack frontally, took half a platoon, crawled through the thick undergrowth and scaled up the steep side while exposed to a hail of close range fire which covered his advance. On locating the hostile position, he pressed forward in its direction, threw two hand grenades killing a few hostiles and charged the position firing as he went and killing two more hostiles. This fearless and unexpected assault spurred his men to action and so demoralised the hostiles that they fled into the thick jungle. The hostiles lost ten men in the encounter and left behind two rifles, one 12 bore gun and one tommy gun. The attack dealt a crushing blow to the hostiles and led to the eventual destruction of their position. This action was one of several in which Captain Rai took part, first as an officer of the 8th Battalion of the Assam Rifles and more recently as an officer of the Village Guards Organisation of Nagaland. Throughout this period, he repeatedly showed conspicuous bravery, unselfishness and indomitable courage in very difficult and dangerous situations. His leader-ship and unconquerable will have been a source of inspiration to all his comrades and are in the highest traditions of the Army.
</blockquote>

==Later life and death==
After retiring from the Indian Army, Rai settled at Jorhat in Assam. He died there on 14 February 2011, aged 97, and was accorded full military honours by the Assam Rifles at his funeral. The Assam Rifles named an auditorium at their Shillong HQ in honour of Rai.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 February 2011 |title=Last rites of India's oldest-surviving Ashok Chakra recipient held|url=https://www.sify.com/news/last-rites-of-indias-oldest-surviving-ashok-chakra-recipient-held-news-national-lcpuEogcbdasi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803160407/https://www.sify.com/news/last-rites-of-indias-oldest-surviving-ashok-chakra-recipient-held-news-national-lcpuEogcbdasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 August 2019 |work=Sify News|access-date=3 August 2019 }}</ref>

==Awards==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ashoka Chakra ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Samanya Seva medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|[[File:IND Raksha Medal Ribbon.svg|100px]]
|[[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Military_cross_BAR.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Indian_Distinguished_Service_Medal_Ribbon.gif|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_1939-45_Star.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_Burma_Star.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_War_Medal_&_MiD.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_India_Service_Medal.png|width=106}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|
|[[Ashoka Chakra]]
|[[General Service Medal 1947]]
|
|-
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]
|[[Samar Seva Star]]
|[[Raksha Medal]]
|[[Indian Independence Medal]]
|-
|[[20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Military Cross]]
|[[Indian Distinguished Service Medal]]
|-
|[[1939-45 Star]]
|[[Burma Star]]
|[[War Medal 1939-1945]]
|[[India Service Medal]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ashoka Chakra award recipients}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Man Bahadur}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Indian Distinguished Service Medal]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Military personnel from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)]]
[[Category:Ashoka Chakra]]
[[Category:Rai people]]
[[Category:Indian recipients of the Military Cross]]

Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-22T23:44:51Z

TimDuncan875676: new new biography

{{Short description|Protected area in Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = Rajasthan#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| map_width =
| label = Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary
| label_position = right
| location = [[Karauli district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26.29969|N|76.93204|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| nearest_city = Karauli
| area_km2 = 676.38
| established = 9 July 1983
| governing_body = Forest Department, Government of Rajasthan
}}

'''Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a protected wildlife area in [[Karauli district]] of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It was notified in 1983 and covers approximately 676.38 km² area. The sanctuary forms the northern extension of the [[Ranthambore Tiger Reserve]] and serves as a wildlife corridor between [[Ranthambore National Park|Ranthambore]] and the [[Chambal River]] region.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wildlife-excursion.com/kailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Wildlife Excursion |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kalpavriksh.org/kailadevi-sanctuary/ |title=Kailadevi Sanctuary |publisher=Kalpavriksh |date=2009 |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An extension of Ranthambore–Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan {{!}} Times of India Travel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/an-extension-of-ranthamborekailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary-in-rajasthan/articleshow/70058786.cms |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |last1=Sengar |first1=Resham Sengarresham }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Priya Duttashree |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kzcoAEACAAJ |title=Politics of Participatory Conservation: A Case of Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India |date=2011 |publisher=University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
The sanctuary’s terrain comprises rugged hills, deep gorges (locally called ''khos''), and [[Dry deciduous forest|dry deciduous forests]]. The [[Banas River]] forms the western boundary, while the [[Chambal River]] lies to the southeast.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wildlife-excursion.com/kailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Wildlife Excursion |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheetah Corridor: पीएम के ड्रीम प्रोजेक्ट चीता कॉरिडोर में कैलादेवी टाइगर रिजर्व सेंचुरी शामिल, विकास की तेज गति से पर्यटन बनेगा आकर्षक |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/cheetah-corridor-kailadevi-tiger-reserve-sanctuary-included-tourism-will-become-attractive-7253292 |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=rajasthan.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref>

==Flora and Fauna==
Mammal species recorded include the [[Bengal tiger]] (''Panthera tigris''),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Iqbal |first=Mohammed |date=2018-04-17 |title=Birth of tiger cubs in Kailadevi points to space crunch in wildlife habitats |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/birth-of-tiger-cubs-in-kailadevi-points-to-space-crunch-in-wildlife-habitats/article23576345.ece |access-date=2025-05-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[leopard]] (''Panthera pardus''), [[sloth bear]] (''Melursus ursinus''), [[Indian wolf|Indian grey wolf]] (''Canis lupus pallipes''), [[striped hyena]] (''Hyaena hyaena''), [[golden jackal]] (''Canis aureus''), [[nilgai]] (''Boselaphus tragocamelus''), [[chinkara]] (''Gazella bennettii''), [[Sambar deer|sambar]] (''Rusa unicolor'') and [[chital]] (''Axis axis'').<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-27 |title=कैलादेवी वन्य जीव अभ्यारण में छोड़े जाएंगे चीतल: सॉफ्ट ऐनक्लोजर बन कर है तैयार, भरतपुर के केवलादेव घना अभ्यारण्य से होगी शिफ्टिंग - Karauli News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/karauli/news/shital-will-be-released-in-kailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary-karauli-rajasthan-133387433.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730203039/https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/local/rajasthan/karauli/news/shital-will-be-released-in-kailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary-karauli-rajasthan-133387433.html |archive-date=30 July 2024 |access-date=2025-05-05 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wildlife-excursion.com/kailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Wildlife Excursion |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref> A survey estimated 19–45 Indian grey wolves in the sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mahajan |first1=Prashant |last2=Chaudhary |first2=Rohit |last3=Kazi |first3=Abduladil |last4=Khandal |first4=Dharmendra |date=2022-07-20 |title=Spatial Determinants of Livestock Depredation and Human Attitude Toward Wolves in Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |language=English |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.855084 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022FrEEv..1055084M |issn=2296-701X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.natureinfocus.in/animals/tracking-the-wolves-of-kailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary |title=Tracking the Wolves of Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Nature in Focus |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref> Over 200 bird species have been recorded, including [[Kingfisher|kingfishers]], [[peafowl]], [[Sandpiper|sandpipers]] and various raptors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianpanorama.in/experiences/nature-wildlife/wildlife/kaila-devi-wildlife-sanctuary.php |title=Kaila Devi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Indian Panorama |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=B. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VU69BAAAQBAJ&dq=Kailadevi+Wildlife+Sanctuary&pg=PA473 |title=Faunal Heritage of Rajasthan, India: General Background and Ecology of Vertebrates |last2=Kulshreshtha |first2=Seema |last3=Rahmani |first3=Asad R. |date=2013-09-14 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4614-0800-0 |language=en}}</ref> Dominant tree species include [[Anogeissus pendula]] (dhok), [[Senegalia catechu|Acacia catechu]] (khair) and [[Diospyros melanoxylon]] (tendu).
==Naming of the sanctuary==
The sanctuary derives its name from the [[Kaila Devi Temple]], located within its boundaries. The temple is an important regional pilgrimage site for Hindus and receives visitors during annual festivals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wildlife-excursion.com/kailadevi-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Wildlife Excursion |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref>

==Human presence and conservation==
Approximately 36–41 villages lie within the sanctuary boundary. Local communities have traditionally depended on forest resources for fuelwood, fodder and minor forest produce. Since the late 1980s, community-led forest protection committees (''kulhadi bandh panchayats'') have regulated tree-felling by banning axes in the forest, collaborating with the Forest Department in co-management.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=J. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fhl-EJMGLfcC&dq=Kailadevi+Wildlife+Sanctuary&pg=PA94 |title=Environmental Studies |date=2009 |publisher=Laxmi Publications |isbn=978-81-318-0641-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kothari |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOzWDmSSpR4C&dq=Kailadevi+Wildlife+Sanctuary&pg=PA58 |title=Where Communities Care: Community-based Wildlife and Ecosystem Management in South Asia |last2=Pathak |first2=Neema |last3=Vania |first3=Farhad |last4=Development |first4=International Institute for Environment and |date=2000 |publisher=IIED |isbn=978-1-904035-26-8 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of India]]

Jat Mahasabha

2026-02-18T01:31:14Z

TimDuncan875676: General cleanup and content improvements

{{short description|Jat community organisation}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Akhil Bharatiya Jat Mahasabha
| native_name =
| caption = Logo of Akhil Bhartiya JAT Mahasabha
| logo =
| abbreviation = ABJM
| motto =
| predecessor =
| formation =
| founders = *Chaudhary Mamraj Singh Shamli (Muzaffarnagar),
*Kunwar Kalyan Singh Varkatpur (Bulandshahr),
*Thakur Tej Singh Vahpur (Bulandshahr),
*Chaudhari Hari Singh Kurmali (Muzaffarnagar),
*Shri Ram Lal Hala Raghunathpur (Badayun),
*Shri Nathu Singh Pardeshi,
*Kunwar Hukum Singh Angai (Mathura),
*Shri Lal Singh and Shri Vahal Singh (Saidpur),
*Chaudhary Gulab Singh Yadnagar,
*Chaudhary Nanu Singh Delhi,
*Shri Shadi Ram editor 'Kshatriya'
*Sir [[Chhotu Ram]] (Rohtak).
| extinction =
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters = 39, Ber Sarai, Hauz Khas, [[New Delhi]]
| region_served =
| membership =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 =
| key_people =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| website = https://www.jatmahasabhaglobal.com/hi
| president =
| general =
}}

'''Akhil Bhartiya Jat Mahasabha''' is a non-political and non-profit organisation of [[Jat people|Jats]] in [[India]]. The organisation was created to raise awareness about the social and economic problems faced by peoples of the [[Jats|Jat]] community. The Jat Mahasabha spearheaded the community's struggle for [[Reservation in India|reservation]] in the run-up to the [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 1999. Sardar [[Dara Singh]] was the president, followed by patron Chaudhary [[Ajay Singh (diplomat)|Ajay Singh]] (Former High Commissioner to Fiji).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001064646/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/18/stories/2007021814510400.htm Jat Mahasabha convention on 9 March 2007]</ref><ref>[http://in.hindi.yahoo.com/News/National/0703/10/1070310002_1.htm Yahoo Hindi News]</ref>

According to Nonica Datta, Jat Mahasabha was [[Arya Samaj]]'s offshoot founded in 1905 in [[Muzaffarnagar]].<ref name="Datta">{{cite book |last1=Datta |first1=Nonica |title=Forming an Identity: A Social History of the Jats |date=1999 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0195647198 |page=76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBBuAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=2 July 2019 |quote=Newspapers like the Jat Gazette and Chattri portrayed Jats as a unified entity. So did the All-India Jat Mahasabha, an offshoot of the Arya Samaj, formed in Muzaffarnagar in 1905.}}</ref> But Brij Kishore Sharma states that the claims of Datta are incorrect. According to him, it was founded in 1907, and that there are two claims regarding its place of formation. He notes that some sources support the Muzaffarnagar claim, but the ''Chhatri Jat'' journal states that it was founded at a fair in [[Garhmukteshwar]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Brij Kishore |title=Social, Economic and Political Contribution of Caste Associations in Northern India: A Case Study of All India Jat Mahasabha |date=2008 |publisher=Har Anand Publications |isbn=978-8124114124 |pages=78–79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlsPnV87QLoC&dq=%22Some+historians+have+wrongly+stated+that+the+All+India+Jat+Mahasabha+was+an+offshoot+of+the+Arya+Samaj.%22&pg=PA78 |accessdate=2 July 2019}}</ref>

The Mahasabha, a supra-provincial organisation, was perceived in southeast [[Punjab region|Punjab]] as a symbol of unity in Jat society and as the main catalyst of reform and change. The Jat Mahasabha is a nonpolitical, social organisation in nature. It is organised for the purpose of social reconstruction. Although the Jat Mahasabha has been functioning from 1993 for social causes, it is not a registered body, not even as an [[NGO]] or social organisation.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/election/1999/sep/08philan.htm Gyan Prakash Pilania as head of the Jat Mahasabha]</ref>

[[Sir Chhotu Ram]] was awarded the title of 'Rao Bahadur', and in 1923, he founded the Unionist Party or the 'Zamindar Association' to protect the interests of farmers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chhotu Ram {{!}} Panj Pedia|url=https://panjpedia.org/en/wiki/chhotu-ram#Titles_and_awards|access-date=2021-02-15|website=panjpedia.org}}</ref>

Governor [[Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey|Malcolm Hailey]] addressed the Jat Mahasabha in 1930.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ptGkiUyzS2sC&dq=all+india+jat+mahasabha&pg=RA8-PA158 N Panigrahi, ''India's Partition: The Story Of Imperialism In Retreat'']</ref>

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* [[Khap]]
* [[Bhangi Misl]] of [[Dhillon]] [[Jat people|Jat]]s
* [[Misl]] concept of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] similar to khap system
* [[Sukerchakia Misl]] of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]
* [[Dahiya Khap]]
* [[Jat Gazette]]
* [[Jat people]]
* [[Jat Regiment]]
* [[List of Jats]]
* [[World Jat Aryan Foundation]]
* [[Dev Samhita]]
* [[Jat reservation agitation]]
* [[20th Lancers (British Indian Army)|20th Lancers]]
* [[10th Jats]]
* [[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]]
* [[9th Jat Regiment]]
* [[6th Jat Light Infantry]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1900s establishments in India]]
[[Category:Jat]]
[[Category:Ethnic organisations based in India]]

Madhuri Barthwal

2026-02-08T12:01:51Z

TimDuncan875676: Made New Data...

{{Short description|Indian folk singer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madhuri Barthwal
| image = Madhuri Barthwal award (sq cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| education =
| occupation = singer, teacher
| employer = [[All India Radio]]
| known_for = folk preservation both Music and dance of Uttarakhand

| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| website =
| signature =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Madhuri Barthwal''' née '''Uniyal''' is a folk singer of [[Uttarakhand]], India. She is the first woman to be a music composer in [[All India Radio]]. She is said to be the first female musician from Uttarakhand to become a music teacher. On [[International Women's Day]] in 2019 she was awarded the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] by [[Ram Nath Kovind]]. She was awarded the [[Padma Shri]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-01-26 |title=My hard work finally rewarded: Padma awardee Madhuri Barthwal |url=https://theprint.in/india/my-hard-work-finally-rewarded-padma-awardee-madhuri-barthwal/813764/ |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=My hard work finally rewarded: Padma awardee Madhuri Barthwal {{!}} Education |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/education/1898258-my-hard-work-finally-rewarded-padma-awardee-madhuri-barthwal |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Devdiscourse |language=en}}</ref> India's fourth highest civilian award in 2022 by the Indian government in the field of art.

==Life==
Barthwal's father was a singer and a sitarist.<ref name=raj/> After she graduated she spent several years as a music teacher at a college. In her spare time she was composing for All India Radio in [[Nazibabad]].<ref name=viewsnet/> She became an enthusiastic supporter of the [[Folk music]] of [[Uttarakhand]] and she created the radio programme "Dharohar" which was dedicated to the region's heritage and it's folk music.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=8 March 2019|title=Dr Madhuri Barthwal's citation|url=https://twitter.com/MinistryWCD/status/1104008295554048002/photo/2|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 January 2021|website=Official Account of the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India}}</ref> She is said to know every musical instrument that has been used in Uttarakhand. She has helped to record the music of other musicians.<ref name=raj>{{Cite web|title=Salute to this lady who saved Uttarakhand's folk culture, the folk culture of Devbhoomi
|url=https://www.rajyasameeksha.com/uttarakhand/3647-doctor-madhuri-barthwal-the-legend-of-uttarakhand-|access-date=2021-01-12|website=www.rajyasameeksha.com}}</ref>

As a teacher she has inspired several to become professional musicians amongst the many hundreds that she taught.<ref name=":0" /> She has sung with her fellow Garhwali singer [[Narendra Singh Negi]].<ref name=viewsnet/>

Barthwal's work was recognised with the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]], which was presented by [[Ram Nath Kovind]], the [[President of India]] in recognition of the sixty years she had dedicated to music, broadcasting and teaching.<ref name=":0" /> The citation noted that she had "devoted her life" to the preservation of music.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Madhuri Barthwal|url=https://www.facebook.com/ministryWCD/photos/dr-madhuri-barthwal-narishakti-puraskar-2018-awardee-in-individual-category-is-t/1915946561883543/|access-date=2021-01-12|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>

The award ceremony was held at the President's palace, [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]], on [[International Women's Day]] in 2019 in New Delhi. About forty women received the award that day<ref name=viewsnet>{{Cite web|last=Negi|first=Sunil|title=President of India felicitates Dr. Madhuri Barthwal with prestigious "Women Empowerment Award"|url=https://www.newsviewsnetwork.com/president-of-india-felicitates-dr-madhuri-barthwal-with-prestigious-women-empowerment-award/|access-date=2021-01-12|website=NewsViewsNetwork|language=en-US}}</ref> and three of the awards were given to groups.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pandit|first=Ambika|date=March 8, 2019|title=From masons, barbers to creators of forests and sustainable homes, nari shakti takes charge|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/from-masons-barbers-to-creators-of-forests-and-sustainable-homes-nari-shakti-takes-charge/articleshow/68325852.cms|access-date=2021-01-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The Minister of Women and Child Development [[Maneka Gandhi]] was there and afterwards the awardees met the Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name="sg">{{Cite web|last=Mohammed|first=Irfan|date=2019-03-20|title=India president confers Manju with Nari Shakti Puraskar award|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/561605|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Saudigazette|language=English}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art|state=collapsed}}{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barthwal, Madhuri}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian radio people]]
[[Category:Culture of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]

Faizi

2026-02-07T17:01:09Z

TimDuncan875676: cleaned up references per standard format and updated info

{{Short description|Indian poet and scholar (1547–1595)}}
{{for|the Bahá'í Hand of the Cause|Abu'l-Qásim Faizi}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox poet
| name = Faizi (Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak)
| image =
| caption =
| pseudonym = Faizi
| birth_name = Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak
| birth_date = 20 September 1547
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[Mughal India]] (now India)
| death_date = 15 October 1595
| death_place = [[Lahore]], Mughal India (now Pakistan)
| occupation = Poet, Scholar, Malik-ush-Shu'ara (Poet Laureate) of Akbar’s court
| language = Persian; also composed in Arabic; translated Sanskrit works into Persian
| notable_works =
* Divan ("Tabashir al-Subh")
* Nal o Daman
* Markaz ul-Advar
* Translations: Lilavati (Sanskrit to Persian)
* Arabic works: Swati al-Ilham, Mawarid al-Kalam
| years_active = c. 1566–1595
| relatives = [[Abul Fazl]] (younger brother)
| movement = Mughal literary culture; one of Akbar’s Navaratnas
}}

'''Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak''', popularly known by his pen-name, '''Faizi''' (20 September 1547 – 15 October 1595<ref name="orsini">{{cite book|editor-last=Orsini|editor-first=Francesca |title=Love in South Asia: A Cultural History|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2006|pages=112–4|isbn=0-521-85678-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWG6wH4lDqUC&pg=PT127}}</ref>) was a [[poet]] and scholar of late [[medieval India]] whose ancestors were the ''Malik-ush-Shu'ara'' (poet laureate) of [[Akbar]]'s Court.<ref name="ain1">[[Heinrich Blochmann|Blochmann, H.]] (tr.) (1927, reprint 1993). ''The Ain-I Akbari by Abu'l-Fazl Allami'', Vol. I, Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, pp.548–50</ref> He was the elder brother of Akbar's historian [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]]. [[Akbar]] highly recognised the genius in him and appointed him tutor for his sons and gave place to him among his decorative '[[Navaratnas]]'.

==Life==
[[File:Faizi represent his work 'Nal wa daman' to Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Faizi represent his work 'Nal wa daman' to Akbar.]]
Faizi was born in [[Agra]] on 5 Sha'ban, AH 954 (20 September 1547),<ref name=ain1/> he was the eldest son of Shaikh Mubarak of [[Nagaur]]. Shaikh Mubarak was a scholar in the [[philosophy]] literature of Greece as well as in Islamic theology. He was educated mostly by his father.<ref name="orsini"/>
In AH 974 (1566–8), he reached Akbar's court. Akbar successively appointed him tutor for his princes, [[Jahangir|Salim]], [[Murad Mirza (son of Akbar)|Murad]] and [[Daniyal (Mughal prince)|Daniyal]].<ref name="orsini"/> In AH 990 (1581), he was appointed ''sadr'' of Agra, Kalpi and Kalinjar. In 1588, he became [[poet laureate]] of Akbar's court.<ref name=ain1/> In AH 999 (1591–2), he was sent to [[Khandesh]] and [[Ahmednagar]] as Mughal envoy.<ref name="orsini"/>

In AH 1003 (1594), a few years after his return from [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], Faizi suffered from asthma and died on 10 Safar, AH 1004 (15 October 1595) at Lahore. Initially, he was buried in the Ram Bagh at [[Agra]] but his body was later transferred to another family mausoleum near [[Sikandara]].<ref name="orsini"/>

==Works==
He composed significant poetic works in [[Persian language|Persian]] and is ascribed by [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Bada'uni]] and his other contemporaries to have composed over a hundred poetic works, but all the titles are not known to us. His ''[[Diwan (poetry)|Divan]]'' (collection of poems), was entitled ''Tabashir al-Subh''. His ''Divan'' comprises [[qasida]]s, [[ghazal]]s, [[ruba'i]]s and elegies.<ref name=r1>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.)(2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, p.622</ref>
The exaltation of [[pantheism]] in some of his lyrics brought on him the enmity of the orthodox Muslim clergy.<ref name=cne>{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Feisi, Abul-Feis ibn Mubarák}}</ref><ref name=ea>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Feisi, Abul Feis ibn Mubárak}}</ref>

In pursuance of the literary practice then in vogue, Faizi planned to produce a ''Panj Ganj'' (literally five treasures) or ''Khamsa'' in imitation of the Persian poet [[Nizami Ganjavi]]. At the age of 30, he started writing five works: the ''Nal o Daman'' (a Persian imitation of the famous Indian epic ''[[Nala]] and [[Damayanti]]''), the ''Markaz ul-Advar'' (The Centre of the Circle), the ''Sulaiman o Bilqis'' ([[Solomon]] and Balkis – the [[queen of Sheba]]), the ''Haft Kishvar'' (The Seven Zones of the Earth) and the ''Akbarnama'' (The History of Akbar). His two completed works, the ''Markaz ul-Advar'' and the ''Nal o Daman'' (completed in 1594) was the ''javab'' (imitation) of Nizami's the ''Makhzan ul-Asrar''and the ''Layla o Majnun''.<ref name=r1/> His other three incomplete works, the ''Sulaiman o Bilqis'', the ''Haft Kishvar'' and the ''Akbarnama'' were the imitations of the ''Khusraw o Shirin'', the ''[[The Seven Beauties (poem)|Haft Paykar]]'' and the ''Sikandarnama'' respectively.<ref name=ain1/><ref name=ea/>

During his stay in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] from 1591–3, Faizi wrote a celebrated series of reports on political and cultural conditions of Deccan, as well as contemporary [[Iran]].<ref name="orsini"/> He wrote a number of books in Arabic which include "Swati al-Ilham" and "Mawarid al-Kalam" (written without dotted letters) and translated [[Bhāskara II|Bhaskaracharya]]'s celebrated Sanskrit work on mathematics, ''[[Lilavati]]'', into Persian. According to its preface, this work was completed in AH 995 (1587).<ref>Ali, M. Athar (2006). ''Mughal India'', New Delhi: Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-569661-1}}, p.178</ref> [[Friedrich Max Müller]]'s ''Introduction to the Science of Religion'' (1870, last ed. 1882) has a number of metrical paraphrases of Faizi's poems.<ref>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Feisi|year=1905}}</ref>

==Described by his brother Abu'l-Fazl==

Of my eldest brother what shall I say? Notwithstanding his spiritual and worldly perfections, he took no step without my concurrence, indiscreet as I am, and devoting himself to my interests, advanced my promotion and was an aid to good intentions. In his poems he speaks of me in a manner which I cannot sufficiently acknowledge, as he says in his eulogium:

{|align="center"
|<poem>
My verse may share both great and little worth to subhraj,
Its theme sublime—I lowlier than the earth.
A father's virtues shall it far proclaim
And vaunt the glory of a brother's fame:
He, touchstone of all wisdom, who inspires
My strain with sweetness that a world admires;
If through a riper age, I pass him by,
In merit, centuries between us lie.
What though the branching savin taller grows,
What gardener mates its beauty with the rose?
</poem>
|}

He was born in the Jalali year 469, corresponding to A.H. 954 (A.D. 1547). In what tongue shall I indict his praise? In this work I have already written of him and poured forth the anguish of my heart, and quenched its furnace with the water of narration and broken the dam of its torrents and alleviated my want of resignation. His works which are the scales of eloquence and penetration and the lawns of the birds of song, praise him and speak his perfections and recall his virtues. He was one of the nine jewels in Akbar's court.<ref>Abu'l-Fazl 'Allami, '''A'in-I Akbari''' (3 vols.). Vol. 3 trans. H. S. Jarrett, 1894. Vol. 3, pp. 478–524</ref>
Faizi also translated the Yogvashisth into [[Persian language|Persian]].

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Arshad, A.D. (ed.) (1973). ''Insha i-Faizi'', Lahore:Majlis-e-Taraqqi ye Adab.

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1547 births]]
[[Category:1595 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian poets]]

[[Category:16th-century scholars]]
[[Category:Indian diplomats]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:16th-century Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:Sanskrit–Persian translators]]
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:16th-century nobility]]

List of international cricket centuries by Mark Waugh

2026-01-30T11:19:55Z

TimDuncan875676: minor cleanup

{{Short description|none}}
{{featured list}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Mark Waugh (Pic 2).jpg|thumb|right|Mark Waugh holds the record for the third-highest number of international centuries for Australia.|alt=Mark Waugh is seen wearing sunglasses and a dark-coloured blazer.]]
[[Mark Waugh]] is a former [[Cricket Australia|Australian cricketer]] who scored [[Century (cricket)|centuries]] (100 or more [[Run (cricket)|runs]]) in [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] (ODI) matches organised by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). Described by [[ESPNcricinfo]] writer John Polack as "one of the world's most elegant and gifted strokemakers",<ref name=cricinfo1>{{cite web|last=Polack|first=John|title=Mark Waugh|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/India/content/player/8189.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705040741/http://www.espncricinfo.com/India/content/player/8189.html|archive-date=5 July 2013}}</ref> he played most of his career under the captaincy of his older twin-brother [[Steve Waugh]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=James|last=Knight|title=Mark Waugh:the biography|year=2003|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=0-7322-7493-1|pages=4–5}}</ref> Waugh represented Australia in 128 Test matches and 244 ODIs between 1988 and 2002, scoring 20 and 18 centuries respectively.<ref name=cricinfo1/> He was primarily a [[Batting (cricket)|batsman]] who played as an [[Batting order (cricket)#Opening batsmen|opener]] in ODIs, while normally at [[Batting order (cricket)#Top order|number four]] in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / ME Waugh / Test matches / Career summary|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/8189.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629032412/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/8189.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting|archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/8189.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting|title=Statistics / Statsguru / ME Waugh / One-Day Internationals / Career summary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629032623/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/8189.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting|archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref>

Waugh made his Test debut against [[England national cricket team|England]] at the [[Adelaide Oval]] in January 1991, scoring a century; he became the fifteenth player from Australia to [[List of Test cricket centuries scored on debut|score a hundred on debut]] when he made 138 in the innings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/239555.html |title=Records | Hundred on debut |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423045312/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/239555.html |archive-date=23 April 2017 }}</ref> He ended the season with one more century, aggregating 554 runs at an [[Batting average (cricket)|average]] of 61.55.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / ME Waugh / Test matches / Career summary|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/8189.html?class=1;home_or_away=1;home_or_away=2;home_or_away=3;result=1;result=2;result=4;season=1990%2F91;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427173418/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64708.html|archive-date=27 April 2012}}</ref> Following his performances, [[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|''Wisden'' Cricketers' Almanack]] named him as [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|one of their five Cricketers of the Year]] the same year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wisden's Five Cricketers of the Year|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/209422.html|work=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]|date=16 May 2005|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323121917/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/209422.html|archive-date=23 March 2015}}</ref> Waugh was instrumental in Australia's victory in the 1995 [[Frank Worrell Trophy]] against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] when he made 126 in the deciding game.<ref name=cricinfo1/><ref>{{cite web|title=West Indies v Australia, Test 4 Sabina Park, Kingston, Jamaica, 29, 30 April, 1, 3, 4 May 1995|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/AUS_IN_WI/AUS_WI_T4_29APR-03MAY1995_MR|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 May 2013|date=9 May 1995|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142035/http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/AUS_IN_WI/AUS_WI_T4_29APR-03MAY1995_MR|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> His highest score of 153 [[Not out (cricket)|not out]] was achieved against [[Indian cricket team|India]] during the third Test of the [[Border–Gavaskar Trophy#1997–98 series|1998 Border–Gavaskar Trophy]] in [[Bangalore]]. In Tests, Waugh was most successful against England scoring six centuries. As of {{Monthyear}}, his position is eleventh in the list of Test century-makers for Australia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most hundreds in a career|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/227046.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215215132/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/227046.html|archive-date=15 December 2012}}</ref>

Although Waugh made his ODI debut against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in December 1988,<ref name=cricinfo1/> he did not score his first century until four years later. Between his debut and the [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 World Cup]] he made five centuries, all against different opponents. Waugh was more prolific at the 1996 World Cup scoring three centuries.{{#tag:ref|Only two other players – [[Sourav Ganguly]] and [[Matthew Hayden]] – have scored three centuries in a single [[Cricket World Cup|World Cup tournament]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / World Cup / List of hundreds|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/list_hundreds.html?id=12;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008161401/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/list_hundreds.html?id=12%3Btype%3Dtrophy|archive-date=8 October 2013}}</ref>|group=Note}}<ref name=cricinfo1/> Waugh set the record for the highest individual score by an [[Australia national cricket team|Australian]] when he made 173 against the West Indies at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] in February 2001.{{#tag:ref|The total has since then been surpassed by five Australian players – [[Matthew Hayden]] (181*), [[Shane Watson]] (185*), [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (178) & (179), [[Glenn Maxwell]] (201*) and [[Mitch Marsh]] (177*).<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in an innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/216972.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109164828/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/216972.html|archive-date=9 November 2012}}</ref>|group=Note}} The following month he scored a match-winning 133 not out against India at [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium in Pune]] which also became his last century in the format. Despite a slow start to his ODI career, he became the third highest century-maker in ODIs at the time of scoring his last century.{{#tag:ref|Only [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (26) and [[Saeed Anwar]] (19) were ahead of Waugh at the time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vasu|first=Anand|title=Mark Waugh ton scripts Aussie victory|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/105605.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|date=28 March 2001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024170126/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/105605.html|archive-date=24 October 2013}}</ref> As of {{Monthyear}}, Waugh's position is twentieth in the overall ODI list, and third in the equivalent list for Australia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most hundreds in a career|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282935.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615222241/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282935.html|archive-date=15 June 2013}}</ref> |group=Note}}

== Key ==
* * {{en dash}} Remained [[not out]]
* {{dagger}} {{en dash}} [[Man of the match]]

== Test centuries ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Test centuries scored by Mark Waugh<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Me Waugh / Test Matches / Hundreds|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/8189.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref>
!No.
!Score
!Against
![[Batting order (cricket)|{{abbr|Pos.|Position in the batting order}}]]
![[Innings#Cricket|{{abbr|Inn.|The innings of the match}}]]
!{{abbr|Test|The number of the Test match played in that series}}
!Venue
!{{abbr|H/A|Home or Away}}
!{{abbr|Date|Date the match was held, or the starting date of match for Test matches}}
!{{abbr|Result|The result of the match from Australia's perspective}}
!Ref
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1380}} 138
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 6 || 1 || 4/5 || [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|01|25}} || Draw || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63546.html |title=4th Test: Australia v England at Adelaide, Jan 25–29, 1991 | Cricket Scorecard |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424043746/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63546.html |archive-date=24 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 2
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1391}} 139*
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 6 || 1 || 5/5 || [[Antigua Recreation Ground]], [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|04|27}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63556.html |title=5th Test: West Indies v Australia at St John's, Apr 27 – May 1, 1991 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428025249/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63556.html |archive-date=28 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 3
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1120}} 112
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 4 || 1 || 2/5 || [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1992|12|27}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63591.html |title=2nd Test: Australia v West Indies at Melbourne, Dec 26–30, 1992 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211043633/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63591.html |archive-date=11 December 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|| 4
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1370}} 137 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 2 || 5/6 || [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]], [[Birmingham]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1993|08|06}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63613.html |title=5th Test: England v Australia at Birmingham, Aug 5–9, 1993 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614173931/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63613.html |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 5
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1110}} 111 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|NZL}} || 4 || 1 || 2/3 || [[Bellerive Oval]], [[Hobart]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1993|11|27}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63622.html |title=2nd Test: Australia v New Zealand at Hobart, Nov 26–29, 1993 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
|| 6
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1131}} 113* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|SAF|1928}} || 5|| 3 || 3/3 || [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]], [[Durban]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1994|03|29}} || Draw || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63644.html |title=3rd Test: South Africa v Australia at Durban, Mar 25–29, 1994 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211003549/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63644.html |archive-date=11 December 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|| 7
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1400}} 140
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 1 || 1/5 || [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1994|11|26}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63663.html |title=1st Test: Australia v England at Brisbane, Nov 25–29, 1994 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428133120/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63663.html |archive-date=28 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 8
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1260}} 126
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 4 || 2 || 4/4 || [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1995|04|30}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63683.html |title=4th Test: West Indies v Australia at Kingston, Apr 29 – May 3, 1995 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503194945/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63683.html |archive-date=3 May 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 9
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1161}} 116
|| {{cr|PAK}} || 4 || 2 || 3/3 || [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1995|12|02}} || Lost || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63699.html |title=3rd Test: Australia v Pakistan at Sydney, Nov 30 – Dec 4, 1995 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424215715/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63699.html |archive-date=24 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 10
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1110}} 111
|| {{cr|SRI}} || 4 || 2 || 1/3 || [[WACA Ground]], [[Perth]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1995|12|10}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63706.html |title=1st Test: Australia v Sri Lanka at Perth, Dec 8–11, 1995 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213185200/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63706.html |archive-date=13 February 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 11
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1160}} 116 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|SAF}} || 4 || 4 || 2/3 || [[St George's Oval]], [[Port Elizabeth]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|03|17}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63743.html |title=2nd Test: South Africa v Australia at Port Elizabeth, Mar 14–17, 1997 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424065455/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63743.html |archive-date=24 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 12
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1001}} 100
|| {{cr|SAF}} || 4 || 2 || 2/3 || [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1998|01|04}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63779.html |title=2nd Test: Australia v South Africa at Sydney, Jan 2–5, 1998 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428133131/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63779.html |archive-date=28 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 13
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1151}} 115*
|| {{cr|SAF}} || 4 || 4 || 3/3 || [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1998|02|03}} || Draw || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63780.html |title=3rd Test: Australia v South Africa at Adelaide, Jan 30 – Feb 3, 1998 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108200038/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63780.html |archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 14
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1531}} 153*
|| {{cr|IND}} || 4 || 2 || 3/3 || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1998|03|27}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63796.html |title=3rd Test: India v Australia at Bangalore, Mar 25–28, 1998 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214075101/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63796.html |archive-date=14 February 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 15
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1170}} 117
|| {{cr|PAK}} || 4 || 3 || 3/3 || [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1998|10|25}} || Draw || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63812.html |title=3rd Test: Pakistan v Australia at Karachi, Oct 22–26, 1998 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213205048/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63812.html |archive-date=13 February 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 16
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1210}} 121
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 1 || 5/5 || [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1999|01|02}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63818.html |title=5th Test: Australia v England at Sydney, Jan 2–5, 1999 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210130250/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63818.html |archive-date=10 December 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|| 17
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1000}} 100
|| {{cr|PAK}} || 4 || 2 || 1/3 || [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1999|11|07}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63854.html |title=1st Test: Australia v Pakistan at Brisbane, Nov 5–9, 1999 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421165724/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63854.html |archive-date=21 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 18
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1190}} 119 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 5 || 2 || 2/5 || [[WACA Ground]], [[Perth]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|2000|12|02}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63908.html |title=2nd Test: Australia v West Indies at Perth, Dec 1–3, 2000 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107160719/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63908.html |archive-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 19
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1080}} 108
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 2 || 2/5 || [[Lord's Cricket Ground]], [[London]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|2001|07|20}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63937.html |title=2nd Test: England v Australia at Lord's, Jul 19–22, 2001 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204075806/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63937.html |archive-date=4 February 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 20
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1200}} 120
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 4 || 1 || 5/5 || [[The Oval]], [[London]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|2001|08|24}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63940.html |title=5th Test: England v Australia at The Oval, Aug 23–27, 2001 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525200029/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63940.html |archive-date=25 May 2012 }}</ref>
|}

== ODI centuries ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ ODI centuries scored by Mark Waugh<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Me Waugh / One-Day Internationals / Hundreds|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/8189.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref>
!No.
!Score
!Against
![[Batting order (cricket)|{{abbr|Pos.|Position in the batting order}}]]
![[Innings#Cricket|{{abbr|Inn.|The innings of the match}}]]
![[Strike rate|{{abbr|S/R|Strike rate during the innings}}]]
!Venue
!{{abbr|H/A/N|Home, Away, or Neutral venue}}
!{{abbr|Date|Date the match was held}}
!{{abbr|Result|The result of the match from Australia's perspective}}
!Ref
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1080}} 108
|| {{cr|NZL}} || 2 || 1 || 82.44 || [[Seddon Park]], [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1993|03|27}} || Lost || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64428.html |title=4th ODI: New Zealand v Australia at Hamilton, Mar 27, 1993 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107082232/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64428.html |archive-date=7 November 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 2
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1130}} 113
|| {{cr|ENG}} || 3 || 2 || 92.62 || [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]], [[Birmingham]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1993|05|21}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65009.html |title=2nd ODI: England v Australia at Birmingham, May 21, 1993 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424084046/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65009.html |archive-date=24 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 3
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1070}} 107
|| {{cr|SAF|1928}} || 4 || 1 || 96.39 || [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1994|01|23}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65519.html |title=2nd Final: Australia v South Africa at Sydney, Jan 23, 1994 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110052704/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65519.html |archive-date=10 November 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 4
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1211}} 121*
|| {{cr|PAK}} || 3 || 1 || 90.29 || [[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]], [[Rawalpindi]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1994|10|22}} ||Lost || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65993.html |title=6th Match: Pakistan v Australia at Rawalpindi, Oct 22, 1994 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027021852/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65993.html |archive-date=27 October 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|| 5
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1300}} 130 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|SRI}} || 2 || 1 || 90.27 || [[WACA Ground]], [[Perth]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|01|12}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65536.html |title=10th Match: Australia v Sri Lanka at Perth, Jan 12, 1996 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128230619/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65536.html |archive-date=28 January 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 6
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1301}} 130 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|KEN}} || 2 || 1 || 101.56 || [[Indira Priyadarshini Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]] || Neutral || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|02|23}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65167.html |title=12th Match: Australia v Kenya at Visakhapatnam, Feb 23, 1996 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101013848/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65167.html |archive-date=1 January 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 7
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1260}} 126 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|IND}} || 1 || 1 || 93.33 || [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|02|27}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65174.html |title=19th Match: India v Australia at Mumbai, Feb 27, 1996 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422053451/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65174.html |archive-date=22 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 8
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1100}} 110 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|NZL}} || 2 || 2 || 98.21 || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]] || Neutral || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|03|11}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65189.html |title=4th QF: Australia v New Zealand at Chennai, Mar 11, 1996 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423073048/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65189.html |archive-date=23 April 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 9
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1020}} 102
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 1 || 1 || 89.47 || [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|01|05}} || Lost || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65547.html |title=7th Match: Australia v West Indies at Brisbane, Jan 5, 1997 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207081921/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65547.html |archive-date=7 February 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 10
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1151}} 115* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|SAF}} || 1 || 2 || 92.00 || [[St George's Oval]], [[Port Elizabeth]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|03|31}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64546.html |title=2nd ODI: South Africa v Australia at Port Elizabeth, Mar 31, 1997 | Cricket Scorecard |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412141022/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64546.html |archive-date=12 April 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|| 11
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1041}} 104 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|NZL}} || 1 || 2 || 92.03 || [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|1997|12|07}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65557.html |title=3rd Match: Australia v New Zealand at Adelaide, Dec 7, 1997 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716004559/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65557.html |archive-date=16 July 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 12
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1040}} 104
|| {{cr|ZIM}} || 2 || 1 || 86.66 || [[Lord's Cricket Ground]], [[London]] || Neutral || {{dts|format=dmy|1999|06|09}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65227.html |title=5th Super: Australia v Zimbabwe at Lord's, Jun 9, 1999 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225125252/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65227.html |archive-date=25 December 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|| 13
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1060}} 106 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|ZIM}} || 1 || 1 || 109.27 || [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|1999|10|21}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64627.html |title=1st ODI: Zimbabwe v Australia at Bulawayo, Oct 21, 1999 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109172755/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64627.html |archive-date=9 January 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 14
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1160}} 116 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|IND}} || 2 || 1 || 88.54 || [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|2000|01|26}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65596.html |title=10th Match: Australia v India at Adelaide, Jan 26, 2000 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501062426/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65596.html |archive-date=1 May 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 15
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1121}} 112* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 2 || 2 || 87.50 || [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|2001|01|14}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65603.html |title=3rd Match: Australia v West Indies at Brisbane, Jan 14, 2001 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103053809/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65603.html |archive-date=3 January 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 16
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1021}} 102*
|| {{cr|ZIM}} || 2 || 2 || 90.26 || [[Bellerive Oval]], [[Hobart]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|2001|01|30}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65610.html |title=10th Match: Australia v Zimbabwe at Hobart, Jan 30, 2001 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210101917/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65610.html |archive-date=10 December 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|| 17
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1730}} 173 {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 2 || 1 || 116.89 || [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]] || Home || {{dts|format=dmy|2001|02|09}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65614.html |title=2nd Final: Australia v West Indies at Melbourne, Feb 9, 2001 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320061831/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65614.html |archive-date=20 March 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|| 18
! scope="row" | {{ntsh|1331}} 133* {{dagger}}
|| {{cr|IND}} || 1 || 2 || 96.37 || [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]], [[Pune]] || Away || {{dts|format=dmy|2001|03|28}} || Won || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64708.html |title=2nd ODI: India v Australia at Pune, Mar 28, 2001 | Cricket Scorecard |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427173418/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64708.html |archive-date=27 April 2012 }}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{International cricket centuries}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Waugh, Mark}}
[[Category:Australia cricket-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of international cricket centuries by player]]

Dulquer Salmaan

2026-01-27T14:33:28Z

TimDuncan875676:

{{short description|Indian actor, playback singer and producer (born 1983)}}
{{good article}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dulquer Salmaan
| image = Dulquer Salmaan at Karwaan promotions (cropped).jpg
| caption = Dulquer in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|07|28}}
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[Purdue University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|producer|distributor}}
| years_active = 2012–present
| organization = Wayfarer Films
| works = [[Dulquer Salmaan filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Amal Sufiya|2011}}
| children = 1
| father = [[Mammootty]]
| family = [[List of Hindi film families#Mammootty family|Mammootty family]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Dulquer Salmaan|Full list]]
| website = {{URL|https://dulquer.com}}
}}

'''Dulquer Salmaan''' ({{IPA|ml|d̪ulkʰɐr salmaːn|IPA}}; born 28 July 1983) is an Indian actor and producer who works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films, besides few [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films. One of the highest paid Malayalam actors,<ref name="DQ1" /><ref name="DQ2" /> Salmaan is a recipient of several awards including five [[Filmfare Awards South]], one [[Kerala State Film Award]], one [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award]] and one [[Gaddar Telangana Film Awards|Gaddar Telangana State Film Award]].

Born to actor [[Mammootty]], Salmaan graduated with a bachelor's degree in [[business management]] from [[Purdue University]] and worked as a business manager in [[Dubai]] before pursuing a career in acting. After a three-month acting course at the [[Barry John (theatre director)|Barry John]] acting Studio, Salmaan made his acting debut with ''[[Second Show]]'' (2012) and received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South]] for his performance in ''[[Ustad Hotel]]'' (2012).<ref name="1st">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/77480.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204225014/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/77480.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2012|title=Dulqar's first movie |website=IndiaGlitz |accessdate=2 February 2012}}</ref>

Following his performance in ''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 film)|ABCD]]'' (2013), ''[[Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi]]'' (2013), and ''[[Vaayai Moodi Pesavum]]'' (2014), Salmaan achieved his career breakthrough with ''[[Bangalore Days]]'' (2014). He established himself as a leading Malayalam actor with ''[[Vikramadithyan]]'' (2014), ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' (2015), which earned him [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor]], ''[[Kali (2016 film)|Kali]]'' (2016), ''[[Kammatti Paadam]]'' (2016), ''[[Jomonte Suvisheshangal]]'' (2017) and ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'' (2021).<ref name="boxoffice">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dulquer-salmaans-jomonte-suviseshangal-becomes-his-solo-biggest-grosser-60-days-its-theatrical-720296|title=Dulquer Salmaan's Jomonte Suviseshangal becomes his solo biggest Malayalam grosser in 60 days of its theatrical run|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=21 March 2017|access-date=1 January 2020|quote=...the movie has collected approximately Rs 24 crores from Kerala alone, apart from the Rs 5.6 crore from the rest of India, Rs 9.97 crore from the UAE-GCC regions and Rs 4.1 crore from elsewhere.|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421070502/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dulquer-salmaans-jomonte-suviseshangal-becomes-his-solo-biggest-grosser-60-days-its-theatrical-720296|url-status=live}}</ref> Salmaan expanded to Tamil films with the box-office successes ''[[O Kadhal Kanmani]]'' (2015) and ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]'' (2020).<ref name=zeenews>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/year-of-small-films-at-southern-box-office_125047.html|title=Year of small films at southern box-office|date=25 December 2012|newspaper=[[Zee News]]|access-date=24 December 2014|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225839/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/year-of-small-films-at-southern-box-office_125047.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Prithviraj's p 5">{{Cite web|last=IBTimes|date=21 October 2015|title=Kerala box office: Prithviraj's 'Ennu Ninte Moideen' among top 5 highest grossing Malayalam movies|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-prithviraj-ennu-ninte-moideen-among-top-5-highest-grossing-malayalam-movies-651418|access-date=16 June 2021|website=[[International Business Times]]|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407102101/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-prithviraj-ennu-ninte-moideen-among-top-5-highest-grossing-malayalam-movies-651418|url-status=live}}</ref> His highest-grossing releases came with the Telugu films ''[[Mahanati]]'' (2018), ''[[Sita Ramam]]'' (2022) and ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]'' (2024). For ''Mahanati'' and ''Sita Ramam'', he won the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=RRR to Kantara: A look at the top 7 regional films that ruled Indian film industry in 2022!|url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/entertainment/rrr-to-kantara-a-look-at-the-top-7-regional-films-that-ruled-indian-film-industry-in-2022-2554657/777-charlie-2554659 |work=[[Zee News]] |date=27 December 2022 |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>

Alongside his acting career, Salmaan is a producer, singer and philanthropist. He is married to architect Amal Sufiya with whom he has a daughter.

== Early life and background ==
Salmaan was born on 28 July 1983 in [[Kochi]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suresh |first=Anandu |date=28 July 2023 |title=Dulquer Salmaan: A remarkable journey from being Mammootty's son to drawing crowds to theatres with the 'DQ' factor |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-journey-mammootty-dq-factor-cinema-8861307/ |access-date=11 August 2023 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902203921/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-journey-mammootty-dq-factor-cinema-8861307/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2017 |title=Here's what Dulquer feels about being called Kunjikka |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/heres-what-dulquer-feels-about-being-called-kunjikka/articleshow/57019538.cms |access-date=28 March 2022 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218190859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/heres-what-dulquer-feels-about-being-called-kunjikka/articleshow/57019538.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> to actor [[Mammootty]] and his wife Sulfath Kuttyy. He has an elder sister, Surumi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mammootty – Sulfath's 43rd Wedding Anniversary: Here Are Some Rare Pics Of The Celebrity Couple|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-sulfaths-43rd-wedding-anniversary-here-are-some-rare-pics-of-the-celebrity-couple/photostory/91376388.cms?picid=91376412|newspaper=The Times of India|date=6 May 2022|access-date=24 August 2022|archive-date=24 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824144820/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-sulfaths-43rd-wedding-anniversary-here-are-some-rare-pics-of-the-celebrity-couple/photostory/91376388.cms?picid=91376412|url-status=live}}</ref> Salmaan completed his [[Primary education|primary level education]] at [[Toc-H Public School]], [[Vyttila]], [[Kochi]] and his [[Secondary education|secondary level education]] at [[Sishya School]] in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Surya Praphulla Kumar |date=28 February 2014 |title=A brand new Salmaan |url=http://indulge.newindianexpress.com/a-brand-new-salmaan/chennai/7236 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623193542/http://indulge.newindianexpress.com/a-brand-new-salmaan/chennai/7236 |archive-date=23 June 2016 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> He has a bachelor's degree in Business Management from [[Purdue University]] and worked at an IT firm in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=On Dulquer Salmaan's 35th birthday, here are six lesser-known facts about the Kurup star |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-first-look-lieutenant-ram-out-on-birthday-6-lesser-known-facts-about-kurup-star-7426132/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=17 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172308/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-first-look-lieutenant-ram-out-on-birthday-6-lesser-known-facts-about-kurup-star-7426132/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, he decided to pursue a career in acting and attended a three-month acting course at the [[Barry John (theatre director)|Barry John]] Acting Studio in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shevlin Sebastian |date=29 January 2012 |title=Living under a cinematic giant |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article337960.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623202031/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article337960.ece |archive-date=23 June 2016 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=On Dulquer Salmaan's 35th birthday, here are six lesser-known facts about the Kurup star |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-first-look-lieutenant-ram-out-on-birthday-6-lesser-known-facts-about-kurup-star-7426132/ |access-date=14 August 2023 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921230942/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-first-look-lieutenant-ram-out-on-birthday-6-lesser-known-facts-about-kurup-star-7426132/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Early work (2012–2013) ===
Salmaan marked his screen debut in 2012 with debutante Srinath Rajendran's Malayalam crime film ''[[Second Show]]'', in which he played the role of Harilal, a gangster.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dulquer-reveals-being-afraid-during-making-second-show-96245 |title=Dulquer reveals being afraid during the making of 'Second Show' |website=The News Minute |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728055216/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dulquer-reveals-being-afraid-during-making-second-show-96245 |archive-date=28 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> When asked in an interview about his "unconventional entry with a bunch of newcomers", Salmaan stated that it was his conscious decision as he felt that " ... when an actor debuts, he has to earn the right to be a hero and not get it through a shortcut route."<ref name="DQbefSS">{{Cite web |last=Sridevi Sreedhar |date=3 February 2012 |title=I want to go step by step: Dulquer Salmaan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/i-want-to-go-step-by-step-dulquer-salmaan-news-malayalam-mcblBBhhdiasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701125513/http://www.sify.com/movies/i-want-to-go-step-by-step-dulquer-salmaan-news-malayalam-mcblBBhhdiasi.html |archive-date=1 July 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film was a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2012 |title=Dulquer Salman is back |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-south-dulquer-salman-is-back/20121115.htm |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=[[Rediff]] |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814061655/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-south-dulquer-salman-is-back/20121115.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Manoj Kumar R |date=3 August 2018 |title=Happy birthday Dulquer Salmaan: The Karwaan star is going places |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/happy-birthday-dulquer-salmaan-karwaan-5280465/ |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814061654/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/happy-birthday-dulquer-salmaan-karwaan-5280465/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Salmaan next release that year was [[Anwar Rasheed]]'s Malayalam film ''[[Ustad Hotel]]'' opposite [[Nithya Menen]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=20 Best Malayalam film performances of the past two decades |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/20-best-malayalam-film-performances-of-the-past-two-decades/articleshow/80131679.cms |access-date=3 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107100051/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/20-best-malayalam-film-performances-of-the-past-two-decades/articleshow/80131679.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film, which received the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]], was also a major commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shobha Warrier |date=20 March 2013 |title=Malayalam films strike gold at the National Awards |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-malayalam-films-strike-gold-at-the-national-awards/20130320.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229235937/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-malayalam-films-strike-gold-at-the-national-awards/20130320.htm |archive-date=29 February 2016 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> He received praises for his portrayal of Faizy a budding chef,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paresh C. Palicha |date=2 July 2012 |title=Review: Ustad Hotel offers a delicious meal |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-ustad-hotel-offers-a-delicious-meal/20120702.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041318/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-ustad-hotel-offers-a-delicious-meal/20120702.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> and a critic of ''[[Sify]]'' noted, "Dulquer continues his fine form following his impressive debut in ''Second Show''".<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review: Ustad Hotel |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ustad-hotel-review-malayalam-15001974.html |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327001030/http://www.sify.com/movies/ustad-hotel-review-malayalam-15001974.html |archive-date=27 March 2014}}</ref> For his performance, Salmaan won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South|Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – Malayalam]], in addition to his first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=21 July 2013 |title=List of Winners at the 60th Idea Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/list-of-winners-at-the-60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-3745.html |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085637/https://www.filmfare.com/news/list-of-winners-at-the-60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-3745.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=4 July 2013 |title=60th Idea Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603.html |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615085439/https://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His last film of the year was ''[[Theevram]]'', a Malayalam film directed by [[Roopesh Peethambaran]]. The film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-theevram-loses-its-steam-in-the-end/20121119.htm |title=Rediff Review: Theevram |access-date=31 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124419/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-theevram-loses-its-steam-in-the-end/20121119.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2012 |title=Malayalam movie 'Theevram' to have its sequel |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/malayalam-movie-theevram-to-have-its-sequel-525961.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624113356/http://www.news18.com/news/india/malayalam-movie-theevram-to-have-its-sequel-525961.html |archive-date=24 June 2016 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

[[File:Dulquar.jpg|thumb|left|Salmaan at the [[60th Filmfare Awards South]] in 2013, where he won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South]]]]

In 2013, Salmaan first appeared in [[Martin Prakkat]]'s Malayalam film ''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 film)|ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi]]'' opposite [[Aparna Gopinath]], in which he made his singing debut with "Johnny Mone Johnny".<ref name="Patt">{{Cite news |last=Saraswathy Nagarajan |date=10 October 2013 |title=Racing ahead |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/racing-ahead/article5221122.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013045930/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/racing-ahead/article5221122.ece |archive-date=13 October 2013}}</ref> Though the film received mixed reviews, his performance was well received by critics. Sify stated: "It is Dulquer Salmaan's show all the way and in all fairness the young actor has given his heart and soul into his character."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review : ABCD |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/abcd-review-malayalam-pcmaRMdbbabbi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701132524/http://www.sify.com/movies/abcd-review-malayalam-pcmaRMdbbabbi.html |archive-date=1 July 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film was a box office success.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dulquer Salmaan's journey to stardom|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/dulquer-salmaans-journey-to-stardom-imagegallery-malayalam-pexnNrbdidhii.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619185619/http://www.sify.com/movies/dulquer-salmaans-journey-to-stardom-imagegallery-malayalam-pexnNrbdidhii.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 June 2015|website=[[Sify]]|date=18 June 2019}}</ref> He was also part of [[Amal Neerad]]'s segment ''Kullante Bharya'' in the anthology film ''[[5 Sundarikal]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ammu Zachariah |date=9 February 2013 |title=Dulquer, Reenu in Amal Neerad's 'Anju Sundarikal' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Dulquer-Reenu-in-Amal-Neerads-Anju-Sundarikal/articleshow/18399738.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022064857/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Dulquer-Reenu-in-Amal-Neerads-Anju-Sundarikal/articleshow/18399738.cms |archive-date=22 October 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Salmaan then collaborated with [[Sameer Thahir]] in the Malayalam film ''[[Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi]]'', which was a road film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2013 |title=Dulquer, Sunny Wayne starts another journey together |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dulquer-sunny-wayne-starts-another-journey-together-news-malayalam-nb4pFrfjcgb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303073238/http://www.sify.com/movies/dulquer-sunny-wayne-starts-another-journey-together-news-malayalam-nb4pFrfjcgb.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2013 |title=Kerala Box-Office – Eid Weekend – August 9 to 11 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=pl4rahbchbabe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701132526/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=pl4rahbchbabe |archive-date=1 July 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Saraswathy |date=7 December 2017 |title=Some vehicles that stole the show in Malayalam films |website=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iconic-vehicles-from-some-unforgettable-malayalam-movies/article21290143.ece |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> His last release of the year was [[Alagappan N|Alagappan]]'s Malayalam film ''[[Pattam Pole]]'', which was a commercial failure.<ref name="Patt" /><ref name="DQBM">{{Cite web |last=Sethumadhavan N |date=7 June 2015 |title=Nivin, Dulquer, Prithvi and Fahadh, the new stars of Malayalam cinema |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Nivin-Dulquer-Prithvi-and-Fahadh-the-new-stars-of-Malayalam-cinema/articleshow/47577494.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912141626/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/Nivin-Dulquer-Prithvi-and-Fahadh-the-new-stars-of-Malayalam-cinema/articleshow/47577494.cms |archive-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> He played a Tamil Hindu who falls in love with a Christian girl opposite [[Malavika Mohanan]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/flights-of-romance/article5221113.ece "Flights of romance"]</ref>

=== Established actor (2014–2016) ===
Salmaan had five releases in 2014, a crucial year in his career. He first appeared in the Malayalam film ''[[Salalah Mobiles]]'' opposite [[Nazriya Nazim]]. A commercial failure, it could not garner much success for the actor.<ref name="DQBM" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130729050143/http://www.sify.com/movies/nazriya-is-dulquer-s-heroine-in-salalah-mobiles-news-malayalam-nhxj6igbfib.html Nazriya is Dulquer's heroine in 'Salalah Mobiles']. Sify.com (23 July 2013). Retrieved on 12 January 2014.</ref> His next appearance was in the Tamil-Malayalam bilingual ''[[Vaayai Moodi Pesavum]]'', where he reunited with Nazriya Nazim. While the Malayalam version ''[[Samsaaram Aarogyathinu Haanikaram]]'' was received poorly, the Tamil version received positive reviews and became a [[sleeper hit]].<ref name="2014Ret">{{Cite news |last=M. P. Praveen |date=27 December 2014 |title=Tinsel town: The year of the underdogs |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/tinsel-town-the-year-of-the-underdogs/article6730338.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730055204/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/tinsel-town-the-year-of-the-underdogs/article6730338.ece |archive-date=30 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2014 |title='Vaayai Moodi Pesavum', the surprise sleeper hit |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vaayai-moodi-pesavum-the-surprise-sleeper-hit-news-tamil-ofqo04ggiddsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701135609/http://www.sify.com/movies/vaayai-moodi-pesavum-the-surprise-sleeper-hit-news-tamil-ofqo04ggiddsi.html |archive-date=1 July 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' stated that Salmaan is "a treat to watch" and added, "he earns extra brownie points for dubbing in his own voice and speaking flawless Tamil."<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2014 |title='Vaayai Moodi Pesavum' – sometimes brilliant, sometimes contradictory |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/vaayai-moodi-pesavum-sometimes-brilliant-sometimes-contradictory-ians-tamil-movie-review-114042600377_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701185749/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/vaayai-moodi-pesavum-sometimes-brilliant-sometimes-contradictory-ians-tamil-movie-review-114042600377_1.html |archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> He won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South|Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – Tamil]] for his performance in the film.<ref name="Filmfare">{{Cite magazine |date=27 June 2015 |title=Winners of 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards South |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html |magazine=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129092825/http://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html |archive-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> Salmaan felt that the film did not work in Malayalam due to the different sensibilities of the audience.<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Hemanth Kumar C |date=28 February 2020 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/i-m-very-greedy-about-my-filmography-having-superb-films-dulquer-salmaan-tnm-119110 |title='I'm very greedy about my filmography having superb films': Dulquer Salmaan to TNM |work=The News Minute |access-date=4 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104101505/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/i-m-very-greedy-about-my-filmography-having-superb-films-dulquer-salmaan-tnm-119110 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Salmaan established himself as a leading actor with [[Anjali Menon]]'s Malayalam film ''[[Bangalore Days]]'', his third release of 2014. Salmaan played a biker Arjun, opposite [[Parvathy Thiruvothu|Parvathy]], with [[Nivin Pauly]] and Nazriya Nazim as his cousins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2024/05/30/10-years-of-bangalore-days-how-dulquer-salmaan-fahadh-faasil-and-co-redefined-the-path-ahead-for-mollywood.html|work=The Week|title=10 years of 'Bangalore Days': How Dulquer Salmaan, Fahadh Faasil and co. redefined the path ahead for Mollywood|accessdate=31 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bangalore Days trailer: Fun, young and intriguing|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bangalore-days-trailer-fun-young-and-intriguing-news-malayalam-ofipIejehgb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508184158/http://www.sify.com/movies/bangalore-days-trailer-fun-young-and-intriguing-news-malayalam-ofipIejehgb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2014|website=[[Sify]]|date=8 May 2014|access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> The film emerged as [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films|one of the highest-grossing Malayalam films of all time]], grossing around {{INRConvert|500|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S. S. Kamal |date=6 January 2015 |title=No Hyderabad days yet |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/No-Hyderabad-days-yet/articleshow/45781766.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806110455/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/No-Hyderabad-days-yet/articleshow/45781766.cms |archive-date=6 August 2015 |website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> Aswin J Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' noted, "Dulquer brings in a rugged charm and a brusque carelessness into Arjun."<ref>Aswin J Kumar (1 June 2014). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/35888896.cms "Bangalore Days-Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201114429/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/35888896.cms |date=1 February 2016 }}. [[The Times of India]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/readers-articles/bangalore-days-disney-hotstar-revisiting-the-timeless-appeal-fahadh-faasil-dulquer-salmaan-nivin-pauly|work=Film Companion|title=Revisiting the timeless appeal of Bangalore Days|date=28 June 2023 |accessdate=3 September 2023}}</ref> Later that year, he appeared in [[Lal Jose]]'s Malayalam film ''[[Vikramadithyan]]'', where he played a police officer.<ref name="2014Ret" /> It was a box office success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=pl4raydifeefi|title=Kerala Box-Office July/Aug (up to Aug 17)|work=[[Sify]]|date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616210250/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=pl4raydifeefi|archive-date=16 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> His year's last release was [[Renjith]]'s Malayalam film ''[[Njaan]]'', which he called his "most challenging film yet".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shiba Kurian |date=18 June 2015 |title=Njaan is the most challenging film yet: Dulquer |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Njaan-is-the-most-challenging-film-yet-Dulquer/articleshow/36768883.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926045452/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Njaan-is-the-most-challenging-film-yet-Dulquer/articleshow/36768883.cms |archive-date=26 September 2014}}</ref> His performance received favourable reviews and earned him his second Filmfare Best Actor – Malayalam nomination.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=24 June 2015 |title=Who will win the Best Actor (Male) award in Malayalam cinema? |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/who-will-win-the-best-actor-male-award-in-malayalam-cinema-9606-4.html |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814054802/https://www.filmfare.com/features/who-will-win-the-best-actor-male-award-in-malayalam-cinema-9606-4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Further success came in 2015 with two films opposite [[Nithya Menen]]—[[Jenuse Mohamed]]'s Malayalam film ''[[100 Days of Love]]'',<ref>Pramod Thomas (22 March 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151127032820/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Old-Wine-With-a-Varied-Flavour/2015/03/22/article2724512.ece "Old Wine With a Varied Flavour"]. ''The New Indian Express''. Retrieved 22 March 2015.</ref> and [[Mani Ratnam]]'s Tamil film ''[[O Kadhal Kanmani]]'', where he played a video game developer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juny Jacob |date=2 June 2015 |title='Kanmani' of south India |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/nithya-menen-kanmani-of-south-india.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109151404/http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/nithya-menen-kanmani-of-south-india.html |archive-date=9 January 2016 |website=Malayala Manorama}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote: "Dulquer checks off all boxes in the 'Can You Be The Next [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]]?' questionnaire" and Haricharan Pudipeddi noted, "Dulquer is at ease, speaking his lines in Tamil; he looked most suitable in the role."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150419093537/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/o-kadhal-kanmani-review-a-refreshing-take-on-romance-and-relationship/article1-1338585.aspx O Kadhal Kanmani review: Mani Ratman's back with vintage romance]. Hindustantimes.com (21 April 2015). Retrieved on 19 May 2015.</ref> Though both believed the film belonged primarily to Menen.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baradwaj Rangan |date=17 April 2015 |title=O Kadhal Kanmani: A lightweight but enjoyable romance |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/a-lightweight-but-enjoyable-romance/article7113868.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730060035/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/a-lightweight-but-enjoyable-romance/article7113868.ece |archive-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> Salmaan next played the titular role of a carefree vagabond in the Malayalam film ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' opposite Parvathy. His performance earned him the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor]], in addition to his third Filmfare Best Actor – Malayalam nomination.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dulquer starts shooting for 'Charlie'|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dulquer-starts-shooting-for-charlie-news-malayalam-pgpiOSgdfcejc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615132846/http://www.sify.com/movies/dulquer-starts-shooting-for-charlie-news-malayalam-pgpiOSgdfcejc.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2015|work=[[Sify]]|date=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Filmfare actor">{{Cite magazine |title=Nominations for the 63rd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South) |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-of-the-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-13750-3.html#descArticle |magazine=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624143756/http://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-of-the-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-13750-3.html |archive-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> Vishnu Varma of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' noted, "For a film that gravitates and leans too much on the central character, Dulquer clearly does not disappoint. He has set the bar indeed high with this role."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/charlie-movie-review-starring-dulquer-salmaan-it-is-a-feel-good-movie/ |title=Charlie movie review: Dulquer Salmaan-Martin Prakkat weave a tantalising love tale |publisher=The Indian Express |date=29 December 2015 |access-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> All three films emerged as box office successes, thus establishing his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2015 |title='Kanchana 2' and 'OK Kanmani' are super hits! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kanchana-2-and-ok-kanmani-are-super-hits-news-tamil-pevjEngjjhfde.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005050821/http://www.sify.com/movies/kanchana-2-and-ok-kanmani-are-super-hits-news-tamil-pevjEngjjhfde.html |archive-date=5 October 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Pavada' rules box office; 'Two Countries', 'Charlie' running successfully|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/kerala-box-office-collection-pavada-leads-two-countries-charlie-running.html|agency=[[Malayala Manorama]]|author=Onmanaorama Staff|date=18 January 2016|access-date=28 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Content over star power: Story of south cinema in first half of 2015|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/content-over-star-power-story-of-south-cinema-in-first-half-of-2015/article1-1364817.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701105608/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/content-over-star-power-story-of-south-cinema-in-first-half-of-2015/article1-1364817.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2015|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|author=Harichandran Puripeddi|location=Chennai|date=1 July 2015|accessdate=2 July 2015}}</ref>

Salmaan had two film releases in 2016. He first played a man facing anger management issues in the Malayalam film ''[[Kali (2016 film)|Kali]]'', opposite [[Sai Pallavi]]. The film emerged a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2016 |title='Kali' box-office report: Dulquer Salmaan starrer becomes biggest opener |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/kali-dulquer-salmaan-sai-pallavi-movie-box-office-report.html |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814055524/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/kali-dulquer-salmaan-sai-pallavi-movie-box-office-report.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Deepa Soman of ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated, "Dulquer is quite convincing, without excess drama. The action scenes showcase his attitude and style."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kali/movie-review/51582920.cms|title=Kali Movie Review|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He then played a lower cast boy in another Malayalam release ''[[Kammatipaadam]]'', which garnered critical acclaim; Salmaan's performance being praised.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goutham |first=VS |date=21 May 2016 |title=Kammatipaadam movie review: Dulquer Salmaan shines in a raw and realistic cut into the brutally buried history of Dalits |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kammatipaadam-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-shines-in-a-raw-and-realistic-cut-into-the-brutally-buried-history-of-dalits-2811732/ |access-date=14 August 2023 |location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]] |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824085037/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kammatipaadam-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-shines-in-a-raw-and-realistic-cut-into-the-brutally-buried-history-of-dalits-2811732/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/how-malayalam-film-kammatipaadam-shatters-stereotypes-about-caste-and-complexion-2800214.html|title=How Malayalam film 'Kammatipaadam' shatters stereotypes about caste and complexion|date=26 May 2016|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Both performances earned him the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Malayalam]].<ref name="Critics Award for Best Actor & Actress 2016">{{Cite magazine |date=17 June 2017 |title=Winners of the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21594.html |magazine=Filmfare |access-date=12 March 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416113129/https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21594.html |url-status=live }}</ref> That year, he also had a cameo appearance in the Malayalam film ''[[Annmariya Kalippilaanu]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/annmaria-kalippilanu-sunny-wanye-movie-dq-in-cameo.html | title=Sunny Wayne-Midhun Manuel movie titled 'Annmaria Kalippilanu', first look out | publisher=Malayala Manroama | date=25 June 2016 | accessdate=18 July 2016 | archive-date=27 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627054556/http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/annmaria-kalippilanu-sunny-wanye-movie-dq-in-cameo.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Career progression and critical acclaim (2017–2021) ===
Salmaan had three film releases in 2017. He first appeared in the Malayalam film ''[[Jomonte Suvisheshangal]]'' opposite [[Anupama Parameswaran]] and [[Aishwarya Rajesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saraswathy Nagarajan |date=15 December 2016 |title=Adventures of Jomon |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Adventures-of-Jomon/article16832829.ece |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814055523/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Adventures-of-Jomon/article16832829.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite comparisons with the 2016 Malayalam drama ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'', the film did well commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2017 |title='Jomonte Suvisheshangal' a rip off of 'Jacobinte Swargarajyam'? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jomonte-suvisheshangal-a-rip-off-of-jacobinte-swargarajyam-news-malayalam-rbyqK5hhehbge.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125134742/http://www.sify.com/movies/jomonte-suvisheshangal-a-rip-off-of-jacobinte-swargarajyam-news-malayalam-rbyqK5hhehbge.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Anu |date=20 January 2017 |title=Jomonte Suvisheshangal Kerala box office: Dulquer Salmaan-starrer surpasses Kasaba first day collection |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jomonte-suvisheshangal-kerala-box-office-dulquer-salmaan-starrer-surpasses-kasaba-first-day-712990 |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=ibtimes.co.in |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814081013/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jomonte-suvisheshangal-kerala-box-office-dulquer-salmaan-starrer-surpasses-kasaba-first-day-712990 |url-status=live }}</ref> His next appearance was in another Malayalam film ''[[Comrade in America]]''. ''[[The Hindu]]'' called it "Dulquer's big hit of 2017".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saraswathy Nagarajan |date=22 September 2017 |title=Keeping up with Dulquer Salmaan |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/keeping-up-with-dulquer-salmaan/article19736660.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923085902/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/keeping-up-with-dulquer-salmaan/article19736660.ece |archive-date=23 September 2017}}</ref> After a cameo appearance in ''[[Parava (film)|Parava]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/071116/dulquer-salmaan-in-parava.html|title=Dulquer Salmaan in Parava|date=7 November 2016|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> He then portrayed four roles in the Malayalam-Tamil bilingual anthology ''[[Solo (2017 film)|Solo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S Subhakeerthana |date=8 October 2017 |title=50 shades of Dulquer Salmaan: I enjoyed playing a negative character in 'Solo' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/07/50-shades-of-dulquer-salmaan-i-enjoyed-playing-a-negative-character-in-solo-1667871.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106132602/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/07/50-shades-of-dulquer-salmaan-i-enjoyed-playing-a-negative-character-in-solo-1667871.html |archive-date=6 November 2017 |url-status=live |website=New Indian Express}}</ref> The film faced immense backlash from the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashameera Aiyappan |date=16 October 2017 |title=Dulquer Salmaan on Solo climax controversy: It is like taking away creativity from an artiste |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/dulquer-salmaan-on-solo-climax-controversy-it-is-like-taking-away-creativity-from-an-artiste-4888959/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013190247/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/dulquer-salmaan-on-solo-climax-controversy-it-is-like-taking-away-creativity-from-an-artiste-4888959/ |archive-date=13 October 2017 |website=Indian Express}}</ref> Despite negative reviews, his performance was well received and Deepa Soman noted, "Dulquer, who plays four distinct characters, has also showcased a worthy performance. Especially as Siva, the gangster, he looks a lot more convincing in ''Solo'' than in other movies in which he has tried the role."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/solo/movie-review/60956774.cms|title=Solo review {3.5/5}: An experimental romantic thriller, Solo is the story of four different men, their love, rage and afterlife. |website=The Times of India|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref>

In 2018, Salmaan expanded beyond Malayalam films. He first made his Telugu film debut with ''[[Mahanati]]'', playing [[Gemini Ganesan]] opposite [[Keerthy Suresh]], who played [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=24 April 2017 |title=Dulquer pips Suriya and Madhavan, set to play Gemini Ganesan in Savitri biopic |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dulquer-pips-suriya-and-madhavan-to-play-gemini-ganesan-in-savitri-biopic/story-dS1KR7yPAFUOcjYI6AhmhM.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912012058/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dulquer-pips-suriya-and-madhavan-to-play-gemini-ganesan-in-savitri-biopic/story-dS1KR7yPAFUOcjYI6AhmhM.html |archive-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> His performance earned him the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu]], in addition to his first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neeshita Nyayapati |date=30 August 2018 |title=Keerthy Suresh, Dulquer Salmaan and Nag Ashwin's Mahanati rakes in staggering TRP |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-dulquer-salmaan-and-nag-ashwins-mahanati-rakes-in-staggering-trp/articleshow/65609367.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901152709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-dulquer-salmaan-and-nag-ashwins-mahanati-rakes-in-staggering-trp/articleshow/65609367.cms |archive-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> The film emerged as one of the highest grossing Telugu film of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=2 July 2018 |title=Mahanati completes 50-day theatrical run, becomes highest grossing woman-led South Indian film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahanati-completes-50-day-theatrical-run-becomes-highest-grossing-woman-led-south-indian-film-4644911.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714173542/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahanati-completes-50-day-theatrical-run-becomes-highest-grossing-woman-led-south-indian-film-4644911.html |archive-date=14 July 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> Hemnath Kumar noted, "Dulquer is terrific as Ganesan, and it is his charm and flamboyance that pours life into the narrative throughout the first half."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=9 May 2018 |title=Mahanati movie review: Savitri's life is laid down with authenticity, but lacks drama that it inherently demands |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahanati-movie-review-savitris-life-is-laid-down-with-authenticity-but-lacks-drama-that-it-inherently-demands-4462883.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526060246/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahanati-movie-review-savitris-life-is-laid-down-with-authenticity-but-lacks-drama-that-it-inherently-demands-4462883.html |archive-date=26 May 2021 |access-date=24 May 2021 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> Following this, he made his debut in Hindi films with ''[[Karwaan]]'', co-starring [[Irrfan Khan]], [[Mithila Palkar]] and [[Kriti Kharbanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title='Karwaan' actor Dulquer Salmaan was asked if he would do a biopic on his father Mammootty, here's what he had to say |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-karwaan-actor-dulquer-salmaan-was-asked-if-he-would-do-a-biopic-on-his-father-mammootty-here-s-what-he-had-to-say-2646859 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808212459/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-karwaan-actor-dulquer-salmaan-was-asked-if-he-would-do-a-biopic-on-his-father-mammootty-here-s-what-he-had-to-say-2646859 |archive-date=8 August 2018}}</ref> The film was a moderate success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mirani |first=Vinod |title=Box office: Karwaan trumps Fanney Khan, Mulk |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/box-office-karwaan-trumps-fanney-khan-mulk/20180807.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=16 February 2019 |date=7 August 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030234/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/box-office-karwaan-trumps-fanney-khan-mulk/20180807.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anna MM Vetticad]] noted, "Dulquer gives a gripping performance as the self-effacing Avinash. He and Irrfan are absolute dears in a sweetly understated road flick."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/karwaan-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-and-irrfan-are-absolute-dears-in-a-sweetly-understated-road-flick-4884551.html |title=Karwaan movie review: Dulquer Salmaan and Irrfan are absolute dears in a sweetly understated road flick |work=Firstpost |access-date=5 August 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805174126/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/karwaan-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-and-irrfan-are-absolute-dears-in-a-sweetly-understated-road-flick-4884551.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Both of Salmaan's 2019 films performed poorly at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-zoya-factor/box-office/ |title=The Zoya Factor Box Office Collection till Now {{!}} Box Collection – Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=20 September 2019 |language=en|access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref> He first appeared in the Malayalam film ''[[Oru Yamandan Premakadha]]'' opposite [[Nikhila Vimal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anjana George |date=16 July 2018 |title=Dulquer begins shooting for Oru Yamandan Prema Kadha |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dulquer-begins-shooting-for-oru-yamandan-premakatha/articleshow/64880323.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821220855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dulquer-begins-shooting-for-oru-yamandan-premakatha/articleshow/64880323.cms |archive-date=21 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudhish |first=Navamy |date=27 April 2019 |title='Oru Yamandan Premakatha' review: A bland treat with feel-good factors |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/oru-yamandan-premakatha-review-a-bland-treat-with-feel-good-factors/article26966756.ece |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428083912/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/oru-yamandan-premakatha-review-a-bland-treat-with-feel-good-factors/article26966756.ece |archive-date=28 April 2019 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He then played Indian cricket team's captain in the Hindi film ''[[The Zoya Factor (film)|The Zoya Factor]]'' opposite [[Sonam Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2018 |title=Dulquer to begin work on Bollywood film 'The Zoya Factor' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dulquer-begin-work-bollywood-film-zoya-factor-77248 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812181455/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dulquer-begin-work-bollywood-film-zoya-factor-77248 |archive-date=12 August 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Despite mixed reviews, his performance was positively receive, and Nandini Ramnath was appreciative of his "camera-friendly manner and outsized charm" that stands out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=20 September 2019 |title='The Zoya Factor' movie review: Dulquer Salmaan shines in romcom starring Sonam Kapoor |url=https://scroll.in/reel/937828/the-zoya-factor-movie-review-also-known-as-the-dulquer-salmaan-factor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004100037/https://scroll.in/reel/937828/the-zoya-factor-movie-review-also-known-as-the-dulquer-salmaan-factor |archive-date=4 October 2019 |access-date=9 October 2019 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2019 |title=The Zoya Factor review: Dulquer Salmaan hits it out of the park|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-zoya-factor-movie-review-rating-6012252/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926115643/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-zoya-factor-movie-review-rating-6012252/lite/ |archive-date=26 September 2019 |access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref>

Salmaan appeared in three films in 2020 and also launched his production company, Wayfarer Films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2019 |title=I Have Never Been More Excited About A Venture Of Mine: Dulquer Salmaan On His Production House Wayfarer Films |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/dulquer-salmaan-launches-the-logo-of-his-film-production-house/ |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=Silverscreen India |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814055919/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/dulquer-salmaan-launches-the-logo-of-his-film-production-house/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He first appeared opposite [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]] in the Malayalam film ''[[Varane Avashyamund]]'', which was his first production.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anoop-sathyan-ropes-in-dulquer-and-kalyani-for-a-family-drama/articleshow/70922736.cms |title=Anoop Sathyan ropes in Dulquer and Kalyani for a family-drama |last=Sanjith Sidhardhan |date=1 September 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> The film emerged as one of the year's highest grossing release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2020 |title=Dulquer Salmaan's first production venture 'Varane Avashyamund' crosses Rs 25 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dulquer-salmaans-first-production-venture-varane-avashyamund-crosses-rs-25-crore/articleshow/74303554.cms |access-date=28 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Cris of ''[[The News Minute]]'' stated, "Dulquer perhaps gets the least of the screen time and the actor appreciably does his little part well and lets the seniors take over."<ref>{{cite news |title=Varane Avashyamund movie review: This multistarrer is pleasant but shallow |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/varane-avashyamund-review-multistarrer-pleasant-shallow-118189 |access-date=15 February 2020 |work=The News Minute |archive-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929153554/https://www.thenewsminute.com/amp/story/flix/varane-avashyamund-review-multistarrer-pleasant-shallow-118189 |url-status=live}}</ref> He then played a con man opposite [[Ritu Varma]] in the Tamil film ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]'', which earned him his first nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal trailer out: Dulquer Salmaan takes you on a crazy ride |language=en |work=India Today |agency=Ist |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-trailer-out-dulquer-salmaan-take-us-for-a-crazy-ride-1574518-2019-07-28 |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806130245/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-trailer-out-dulquer-salmaan-take-us-for-a-crazy-ride-1574518-2019-07-28 |archive-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> S. Subhakeerthana noted, "If we look beyond Dulquer's box office pull, it is his energy, screen presence and earnest approach to acting that takes the cake in the film."<ref>{{cite news |title=Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal movie review: An easy, fun watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-review-rating-dulquer-salmaan-6291409/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228125029/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-review-rating-dulquer-salmaan-6291409/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2020 |title='Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal': Dulquer Salmaan and Ritu Varma's romantic thriller gets a better response than expected |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-twitter-review-dulquer-salmaan-and-ritu-varmas-romantic-thriller-gets-a-better-response-than-expected/articleshow/74378751.cms |access-date=17 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817141941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-twitter-review-dulquer-salmaan-and-ritu-varmas-romantic-thriller-gets-a-better-response-than-expected/articleshow/74378751.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He then appeared in a cameo in his production Malayalam film ''[[Maniyarayile Ashokan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dulquer Salmaan's production titled 'Maniyarayile Ashokan' |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/Oct/04/dulquer-salmaans-production-titled-maniyarayile-ashokan-2043382.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006171624/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/oct/05/dulquer-salmaans-production-titled-maniyarayile-ashokan-2043382.amp |archive-date=6 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dulquer to play a cameo in Jacob Gregory film |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dulquer-to-play-a-cameo-in-jacob-gregory-film/articleshow/71359021.cms |url-status=live |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004012413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dulquer-to-play-a-cameo-in-jacob-gregory-film/articleshow/71359021.cms |archive-date=4 October 2019}}</ref>

His only release in 2021 was the Malayalam film ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'', where he played the titular role of [[Sukumara Kurup]] opposite [[Sobhita Dhulipala]]. The film marked his third production venture. One of the highest grossing Malayalam film of all time, it became his highest grosser at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=Dulquer Salmaan's next titled Kurup |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-next-titled-kurup-5283098/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731154401/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-next-titled-kurup-5283098/ |archive-date=31 July 2018 |website=Indian Express}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi noted: "As the central character, Dulquer plays Kurup with unmatchable swag and effortlessness, adding swag and sincerity while playing the elusive fugitive."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kurup-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-s-film-is-a-compelling-crime-drama-about-an-elusive-fugitive-101636720540839-amp.html |title=Kurup movie review: Dulquer Salmaan's film is a compelling crime drama about an elusive fugitive |date=12 November 2021 |access-date=19 November 2021 |work=The Hindustan Times}}</ref>

=== Commercial success and recognition (2022–present) ===

Salmaan's first release of 2022 was the Tamil film ''[[Hey Sinamika]]'' opposite [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] and [[Kajal Aggarwal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dulquer-salmaan-starrer-hey-sinamika-to-hit-screens-on-march-3-1078406.html|title=Dulquer Salmaan-starrer 'Hey Sinamika' to hit screens on March 3|work=Deccan Herald|date=5 February 2022|access-date=5 February 2022|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205135204/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dulquer-salmaan-starrer-hey-sinamika-to-hit-screens-on-march-3-1078406.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/thank-you-radhe-shyam-liger-a-look-at-the-biggest-flops-of-south-cinema/hey-sinamika/slideshow/95660120.cms|website=[[The Economic Times]]|date=21 November 2022|title='Thank You', 'Radhe Shyam', 'Liger': A Look At The Biggest Flops Of South Cinema}}</ref> His next co-production, Malayalam film ''[[Salute (2022 Indian film)|Salute]]'' opposite [[Diana Penty]] was released on [[SonyLIV]] and fetched him positive reviews for his portrayal of a police officer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suri |first=Ridhi |date=16 March 2022 |title=Father-son duo Mammootty, Dulquer Salmaan films 'Puzhu' & 'Salute' to have OTT release |language=en |work=India TV News |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/ott/father-son-duo-mammootty-dulquer-salmaan-films-puzhu-salute-to-have-ott-release-2022-03-16-764625 |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331183316/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/ott/father-son-duo-mammootty-dulquer-salmaan-films-puzhu-salute-to-have-ott-release-2022-03-16-764625 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=18 March 2022|title=Salute movie review: Dulquer Salmaan takes on an unconventional police drama|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/salute-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-takes-on-an-unconventional-police-drama-10469501.html|access-date=10 October 2022|work=Firstpost}}</ref> Salmaan then appeared in the Telugu film ''[[Sita Ramam]]'' opposite [[Mrunal Thakur]], that won him the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 August 2022 |title=Sita Ramam: Rashmika Mandanna talks about success of Dulquer Salmaan-Mrunal Thakur's film |language=en |work=DNA India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sita-ramam-rashmika-mandanna-talks-about-success-of-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-s-film-2975357 |access-date=10 August 2022 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810070721/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sita-ramam-rashmika-mandanna-talks-about-success-of-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-s-film-2975357 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Vaishali |date=10 August 2022 |title=Sita Ramam Box Office Collection: Dulquer Salmaan, Mrunal Thakur, Rashmika Mandanna's film remains rock steady |language=en |work=India TV |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/sita-ramam-box-office-collection-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-rashmika-mandanna-film-remains-rock-steady-2022-08-10-798786 |access-date=10 August 2022 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810034943/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/sita-ramam-box-office-collection-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-rashmika-mandanna-film-remains-rock-steady-2022-08-10-798786 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite being a [[Malayali]], he dubbed in all the languages in which the film was released, thus becoming a prominent [[Pan-Indian film|pan-Indian]] actor with the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2021 |title=Dulquer Salmaan as Lieutenant Ram in director Hanu Raghavapudi's Telugu film |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dulquer-salmaans-second-telugu-film-to-be-directed-by-hanu-raghavapudi/article59864968.ece |access-date=29 July 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625221609/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dulquer-salmaans-second-telugu-film-to-be-directed-by-hanu-raghavapudi/article59864968.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The film and his performance received critical acclaim and the film proved to be a major commercial success at the box-office. Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' noted, "Dulquer Salmaan hit it out of the park with their performance. Dulquer as Ram and Mrunal as Sita are picture perfect."<ref>{{cite news |last1=K |first1=Janani |date=5 August 2022 |title=Sita Ramam Movie Review: Dulquer Salmaan, Mrunal Thakur's film aims to be a poignant love story, but falls short |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sita-ramam-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-s-film-aims-to-be-a-poignant-love-story-but-falls-short-1984200-2022-08-05 |work=India Today |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404051242/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sita-ramam-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-s-film-aims-to-be-a-poignant-love-story-but-falls-short-1984200-2022-08-05 |url-status=live }}</ref> His last release that year was the Hindi film ''[[Chup: Revenge of the Artist]]'', which received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=Chup: Revenge of the Artist review – a killer Bollywood horror to frighten film critics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/sep/22/chup-revenge-of-the-artist-review-a-killer-bollywood-horror-to-frighten-film-critics |access-date=3 October 2022 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924071617/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/sep/22/chup-revenge-of-the-artist-review-a-killer-bollywood-horror-to-frighten-film-critics |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Chup: Revenge Of The Artist Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/chup-revenge-of-the-artist/movieshow/93772806.cms |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=18 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018164223/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/chup-revenge-of-the-artist/movieshow/93772806.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 September 2022 |title=Fans praise Dulquer Salmaan's performance in Chup: 'Hits it out of the park' |language=en |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/fans-praise-dulquer-salmaan-performance-in-chup-8164761/ |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=18 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018164224/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/fans-praise-dulquer-salmaan-performance-in-chup-8164761/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, Salmaan first appeared in the Hindi web series ''[[Guns & Gulaabs]]'', a [[Netflix]] series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2022 |title=Guns and Gulaabs teaser: Raj & DK explore man's dark side in new Netflix series with Rajkummar Rao, Dulquer Salman |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/guns-and-gulaabs-teaser-raj-dk-explore-man-s-dark-side-in-new-netflix-series-101663999893142.html |access-date=3 October 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003012447/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/guns-and-gulaabs-teaser-raj-dk-explore-man-s-dark-side-in-new-netflix-series-101663999893142.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He played a Narcotics officer opposite [[Pooja Gor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2022 |title=Raj and DK wrap up shoot of Netflix series 'Guns & Gulaabs' |url=https://theprint.in/features/raj-and-dk-wrap-up-shoot-of-netflix-series-guns-gulaabs/909526/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] stated that he gives a "wonderful performance".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2023 |title=Guns & Gulaabs Review: Marvellously Whacky Crime Drama Is Watchable All The Way |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/guns-gulaabs-review-marvellously-whacky-crime-drama-is-watchable-all-the-way-4-stars-4308304 |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=NDTV |language=en-US}}</ref> Next he appeared in the Malayalam film ''[[King of Kotha]]'' opposite [[Aishwarya Lekshmi]], which he also co-produced, but was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2022 |title=King of Kotha first look: Dulquer Salmaan looks rugged in this rustic action thriller |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/king-of-kotha-dulquer-salmaan-rugged-rustic-action-thriller-poster-8184751/ |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=18 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018164223/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/king-of-kotha-dulquer-salmaan-rugged-rustic-action-thriller-poster-8184751/ |url-status=live }}</ref> That year, he also starred in the music video "Heeriye", sung by [[Jasleen Royal]] and [[Arijit Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Heeriye song: Dulquer Salmaan is prince charming in this Jasleen Royal-Arijit Singh track carved out of Heer Ranjha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/heeriye-song-dulquer-salmaan-prince-charming-jasleen-royal-arijit-singh-track-heer-ranjha-8859175/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=25 July 2023 |archive-date=25 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725103006/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/heeriye-song-dulquer-salmaan-prince-charming-jasleen-royal-arijit-singh-track-heer-ranjha-8859175/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Salmaan started 2024 with a cameo appearance in the Telugu film ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'', which became the year's [[List of Indian films of 2024|second highest-grossing Indian film]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Complete list of Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD cameos: From A-list stars to famous filmmakers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-cameos-complete-list-dulquer-salmaan-vijay-deverakonda-mrunal-thakur-ram-gopal-varma-ss-rajamouli-9418563/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115228/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prabhas-kalki-2898-ad-cameos-complete-list-dulquer-salmaan-vijay-deverakonda-mrunal-thakur-ram-gopal-varma-ss-rajamouli-9418563/ |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> His next release that year was another Telugu film ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]'' opposite [[Meenakshi Chaudhary]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2023 |title=Dulquer Salmaan's film with Venky Atluri touted to be pan-Indian action drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/king-of-kotha-dulquer-salmaans-film-with-venky-atluri-touted-to-be-pan-indian-action-drama-2379923-2023-05-16 |access-date=5 August 2024 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=5 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805104554/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/king-of-kotha-dulquer-salmaans-film-with-venky-atluri-touted-to-be-pan-indian-action-drama-2379923-2023-05-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo noted, "Dulquer portrays Baskhar with all sincerity. Dulquer is in control, both in speaking the language and enhancing the solid writing in the later portions."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=31 October 2024 |title='Lucky Baskhar' movie review: An entertaining drama from Venky Atluri and Dulquer Salmaan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/lucky-baskhar-movie-review-an-entertaining-drama-from-venky-atluri-and-dulquer-salmaan/article68813439.ece |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A box office success, it emerged as his highest grossing release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2024 |title=Top take on south Indian cinema news - EasternEye |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/top-take-on-south-indian-cinema-news/ |access-date=29 November 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> His performance won him the Telangana Gaddar Film Award – Special Jury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/ampstories/entertainment/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-heres-who-won-big-in-telangana-3564452|title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards: Here's who won big in Telangana|date=30 May 2025|website=www.deccanherald.com}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
On 22 December 2011, Salmaan married architect Amal Sufiya in an [[arranged marriage]]. Amal comes from a [[North Indian]] [[Islam in India|Muslim]] family settled in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shiba Kurian |title=Mollywood celebs's honeymoon diaries |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Mollywood-celebss-honeymoon-diaries/articleshow/11488151.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030193848/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Mollywood-celebss-honeymoon-diaries/articleshow/11488151.cms |archive-date=30 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2011 |title=Mammootty's son gets married |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mammoottys-son-gets-married/20111223.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125605/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mammoottys-son-gets-married/20111223.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> The couple has a daughter born on 5 May 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Dulquer Salmaan and wife sadiqah blessed with baby girl, Mammootty becomes grandfather |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-and-wife-amal-blessed-with-baby-girl-mammootty-becomes-grandfather-4642243/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019175311/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-and-wife-amal-blessed-with-baby-girl-mammootty-becomes-grandfather-4642243/ |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In an interview, Dulquer revealed he and Amal attended the same school. Dulquer later initiated contact by messaging Amal on [[Facebook]] to arrange a coffee meeting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2024 |title= 'I thought maybe this was a sign': Dulquer recollects how he met Amal |url= https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/trivia/dulquer-about-meeting-amal-and-his-first-message-to-her-1.8848639#:~:text=They%20studied%20in%20the%20same,in%20a%20romantic%20sense%20then. | access-date= 9 January 2025 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>

== Other work and public image ==
[[File:Dulquer Salmaan at Zoya Factor Trailer Launch function (cropped).jpg|thumb|Salmaan in 2019]]

Salmaan is considered among the most popular and highest-paid actors of [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref name="DQ1">{{Cite web |title=Mammootty to Mohanlal: Highest paid actors in the Malayalam film industry |access-date=21 August 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-to-prithviraj-sukumaran-highest-paid-actors-in-the-malayalam-film-industry/amp_etphotostory/92878791.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 July 2022 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014083321/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-to-prithviraj-sukumaran-highest-paid-actors-in-the-malayalam-film-industry/amp_etphotostory/92878791.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DQ2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/06/03/mohanlal-mammootty-highest-paid-malayalam-actors-top-list.html |access-date=28 November 2022 |title=Highest paid Malayalam actors, check who tops the list |work=[[Onmanorama]] |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229050820/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/06/03/mohanlal-mammootty-highest-paid-malayalam-actors-top-list.amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, he appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list, where he was placed at 79th position with an estimated annual income of {{INRConvert|92.8|m}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2017-celebrity-100/1665/1 |title=2017 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219063445/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2017-celebrity-100/1665/1 |url-status=live}}</ref> He stood at the 6th place in its most influential stars on Instagram in South cinema for the year 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 30 most influential social media stars of South cinema |access-date=17 December 2022 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/south-celebrity-special-2021/meet-the-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema/71017/1 |work=Forbes India |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310062133/https://www.forbesindia.com/amp/article/south-celebrity-special-2021/meet-the-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema/71017/1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Salmaan was placed fifth in ''[[Rediff.com]]'' "Best Malayalam Actor" list of 2012 and 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-the-top-malayalam-actors-of-2012/20130109.htm |access-date=25 November 2021 |title=The Top Malayalam Actors of 2012 |work=Rediff.com |date=9 January 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722133825/https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-the-top-malayalam-actors-of-2012/20130109.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/the-top-5-malayalam-actors-of-2015/20151230.htm |access-date=23 September 2022 |title=Top Performances by Malayalam Actors in 2015 |work=Rediff.com |date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507074629/https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/the-top-5-malayalam-actors-of-2015/20151230.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> A research study conducted in 2023 by Indian Institute of Human Brands (IIHB) stated that Salmaan was the second highest-ranked celebrity in Malayalam cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/research/suriya-is-the-number-one-celebrity-in-south-india-report/97019588 |title=Suriya is the number one celebrity in South India: Report |date=16 January 2023 |website=Economic Times |accessdate=27 January 2023}}</ref>

Salmaan was ranked fourth by ''[[GQ]]'' in their listing of the 50 most influential young Indians of 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2016 |title=50 Most Influential Young Indians: Performers |url=https://www.gqindia.com/galleries/50-most-influential-young-indians-performers |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011134921/https://www.gqindia.com/galleries/50-most-influential-young-indians-performers |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Proud moment: Dulquer Salmaan among the 50 most influential young Indians |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dulquer-salmaan-among-the-50-most-influential-young-indians.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724164114/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dulquer-salmaan-among-the-50-most-influential-young-indians.html |archive-date=24 July 2019 |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Great news: Dulquer among Most Influential Young Indians |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/great-news-dulquer-among-most-influential-young-indians-english-news-1.1177402 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012071317/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/great-news-dulquer-among-most-influential-young-indians-english-news-1.1177402 |archive-date=12 October 2019 |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=3 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref> He was also featured by ''GQ'' in their listing of the Best Dressed Men India 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2019 |title=Dulquer Salmaan on growing up a star kid and working in Bollywood |url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/dulquer-salmaan-interview-growing-up-a-star-kid-mammootty-malayalam-films-working-in-bollywood-vogue-india-october-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012105931/https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/dulquer-salmaan-interview-growing-up-a-star-kid-mammootty-malayalam-films-working-in-bollywood-vogue-india-october-2019 |archive-date=12 October 2019 |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Dulquer Salmaan should be your style inspiration. Here's why |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/dulquer-salmaan-style-inspiration-heres |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728163033/https://www.gqindia.com/content/dulquer-salmaan-style-inspiration-heres/ |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2016 |title=We picked the best dressed men in India |url=https://www.gqindia.com/galleries/gallery-for-we-picked-the-best-dressed-men-in-india |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516123932/https://www.gqindia.com/galleries/gallery-for-we-picked-the-best-dressed-men-in-india |url-status=live }}</ref> Salmaan was named the [[The Times of India|Kochi Times Most Desirable Man]] in 2013, 2014 and 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Asha |title=Kochi Times Most Desirable Man 2013: Dulquer Salmaan |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Kochi-Times-Most-Desirable-Man-2013-Dulquer-Salmaan/articleshow/36894151.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106090639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Kochi-Times-Most-Desirable-Man-2013-Dulquer-Salmaan/articleshow/36894151.cms |archive-date=6 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dulquer on being the Most Desirable Man 2014 |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Dulquer-on-being-the-Most-Desirable-Man-2014/articleshow/46916354.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106183343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Dulquer-on-being-the-Most-Desirable-Man-2014/articleshow/46916354.cms |archive-date=6 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kochi Times Most Desirable Men of 2020: Dulquer Salmaan |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-men-of-2020/articleshow/83175935.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926183343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-men-of-2020/amp_articleshow/83175935.cms |archive-date=26 September 2022}}</ref> In 2019, Salmaan became the first Malayalam actor to get featured on the cover of ''[[Vogue India]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nayanthara and Dulquer Salmaan's latest photoshoot leaves fans stunned! |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/10/08/nayanthara-dulquer-salmaan-vogue-photoshoot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008075848/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/10/08/nayanthara-dulquer-salmaan-vogue-photoshoot.html |archive-date=8 October 2019 |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=en}}</ref> Salmaan has acted in a short film as part of the Kerala motor vehicle department's safe riding campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 October 2015 |title=ദുൽഖർ മോട്ടോർ വാഹന വകുപ്പിന്റെ നായകൻ |language=ml |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/fasttrack/auto-news/dulquar-salman-s-safe-riding-campaign-movie.html |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814060304/https://www.manoramaonline.com/fasttrack/auto-news/dulquar-salman-s-safe-riding-campaign-movie.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He donated 150 items, including clothing, shoes, books, school supplies and crockery items, as a part of the Chennai Gives initiative.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Asha Prakash |date=5 September 2015 |title=Dulquer donates 150 items to Chennai Gives initiative |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/Dulquer-donates-150-items-to-Chennai-Gives-initiative/articleshow/48836282.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730051213/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/Dulquer-donates-150-items-to-Chennai-Gives-initiative/articleshow/48836282.cms |archive-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> In addition, he used to run a web portal for trading cars, and a dental business chain in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 June 2015 |title=Dulquer Salmaan ran a web portal for car trading |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know-/Dulquer-Salmaan-ran-a-web-portal-for-car-trading/articleshow/47814873.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629141622/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know-/Dulquer-Salmaan-ran-a-web-portal-for-car-trading/articleshow/47814873.cms |archive-date=29 June 2015}}</ref> He also is the director of the [[Bangalore]]-based Motherhood Hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reghu Balakrishnan |date=19 July 2016 |title=TPG Growth buys actor Mammootty's hospital chain |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/RVw6XxRYKfSMy1K5i0mCWM/TPG-Growth-buys-actor-Mammoottys-hospital-chain.html |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814060508/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/RVw6XxRYKfSMy1K5i0mCWM/TPG-Growth-buys-actor-Mammoottys-hospital-chain.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Salmaan is a celebrity endorser for brands such as [[Myntra]], [[JSW Group|JSW Paints]], [[Parle Agro|Smoodh]] and [[PhonePe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/myntra-signs-hrithik-roshan-vijay-deverakonda-and-dulquer-salmaan-as-brand-ambassadors/85002387 |title=Myntra signs Hrithik Roshan, Vijay Deverakonda and Dulquer Salmaan as brand ambassador |date=3 August 2021 |website=Economic Times |accessdate=29 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/dulquer-salmaan-and-alia-bhatt-brings-their-khoobsurat-soch-to-life-with-jsw-paints/113938289 |title=Dulquer Salmaan and Alia Bhatt brings their 'khoobsurat soch' to life with JSW Paints |date=4 October 2024 |website=Economic Times |accessdate=25 November 2024}}</ref> In 2024, Salmaan was placed 59th on [[IMDb]]'s List of 100 Most Viewed Indian Stars.<ref>{{Cite web |accessdate=29 August 2024 |title=Deepika Padukone, Shah Rukh Khan Top IMDb's List of Most Viewed Indian Stars |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122092159/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |archive-date=22 November 2024 |website=Variety |date=29 May 2024 }}</ref>

== Filmography ==

{{Main|Dulquer Salmaan filmography}}

== Discography ==
* '''(D)''' indicates dubbing.
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ {{Sronly|List of Dulquer Salmaan songs}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Album
! scope="col" | Song / Voice
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2013
! scope="row" | ''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 film)|ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi]]''
| "Johny Mone Johny"
| rowspan="12"|Malayalam
|<ref name="Patt" />
|-
| 2014
! scope="row" | ''[[Manglish (film)|Manglish]]''
| "Njanga Poneanutta"
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2014 |title=Language of Romance |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/manglish-a-story-of-crosscultural-romance/article6241130.ece |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814061058/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/manglish-a-story-of-crosscultural-romance/article6241130.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2015
! scope="row" | ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]''
| "Chundari Penne"
|<ref name="Charlie">{{Cite web |date=25 December 2015 |title=Video out: Dulquer sings 'Chundari Penne' for 'Charlie' |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dulquer-salmaan-chundari-penne-video-charlie-parvathy-gopi-sunder.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410160237/http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/dulquer-salmaan-chundari-penne-video-charlie-parvathy-gopi-sunder.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | ''[[Comrade in America]]''
| "Vaanam Thilathilakkanu"
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Priyanka |date=22 April 2017 |title=CIA song Vaanam Thilathilakkanu: Dulquer Salmaan lends his voice for a massy number |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/cia-comrade-in-america-song-vaanam-thilathilakkanu-dulquer-salmaan-lends-his-voice-for-a-massy-number-watch-video-4624094/ |access-date=14 August 2023 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814144713/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/cia-comrade-in-america-song-vaanam-thilathilakkanu-dulquer-salmaan-lends-his-voice-for-a-massy-number-watch-video-4624094/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| "Kerala Manninayi"
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 May 2017 |title=Dulquer Salmaan's 'Comrade in America' song 'Kerala Manninayi' lyric video is here |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/dulquer-salmaans-comrade-in-america-song-kerala-manninayi-lyric-video-is-here/articleshow/58623908.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826083533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/dulquer-salmaans-comrade-in-america-song-kerala-manninayi-lyric-video-is-here/articleshow/58623908.cms |archive-date=26 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Parava (film)|Parava]]''
| "Ormakal"
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2017 |title=Stepping out of comfort zone: Rex Vijayan |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/201217/stepping-out-of-comfort-zone-rex-vijayan.html |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814061057/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/201217/stepping-out-of-comfort-zone-rex-vijayan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Kalyanam (film)|Kalyanam]]''
| "Dhrithangapulakithan"
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 January 2018 |title=Kalyanam's second song is sung by Dulquer Salmaan and Jacob Gregory |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/kalyanams-second-song-is-sung-by-dulquer-salmaan-and-jacob-gregory/articleshow/62486432.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826051005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/kalyanams-second-song-is-sung-by-dulquer-salmaan-and-jacob-gregory/articleshow/62486432.cms |archive-date=26 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Malayala Manorama AD''
| "Puthu Malayalam"
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AglGCYw3AA |title=Dulquer Salmaan, Malayala Manorama drive to celebrate the new Malayalam & Kerala {{!}} Martin Prakkat |date=27 June 2018 |publisher=Manorama Online |access-date=30 September 2018 |via=YouTube |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007222350/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AglGCYw3AA |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Dear Comrade]]'' '''(D)'''
| "Comrade Anthem"
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Matthews |first=Anna |date=19 July 2019 |title=DQ rocks the Dear Comrade Anthem |language=en |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dq-rocks-the-dear-comrade-anthem/articleshow/70290422.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721151335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dq-rocks-the-dear-comrade-anthem/articleshow/70290422.cms |archive-date=21 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Sarbath Kadha''
| "Sarbath Anthem"
| <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaEwlcNgEoM |title=Sarbath Anthem Lyric Video Ft Dulquer Salmaan {{!}} A Sarbath Kadha {{!}} Advaith Jayasurya {{!}} Krishna Raaj |date=8 October 2019 |publisher=Muzik247 |access-date=30 September 2018 |via=YouTube |archive-date=5 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105011651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaEwlcNgEoM |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2020
! scope="row" | ''[[Maniyarayile Ashokan]]''
| "Unnimaya Song"
|<ref name="ManiyarayileAshokan">{{Cite news |date=28 July 2020 |title=WATCH {{!}} Dulquer, Gregory sing 'monjathi penne Unnimaye' for film 'Maniyarayile Ashokan' |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/jul/28/watch--dulquer-gregory-sing-monjathi-penne-unnimaye-for-film-maniyarayile-ashokan-2175977.html |access-date=3 September 2020 |archive-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831055023/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/jul/28/watch--dulquer-gregory-sing-monjathi-penne-unnimaye-for-film-maniyarayile-ashokan-2175977.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" | ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]''
| "Dingiri Dingale"
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2022 |title=Listen To Popular Malayalam Official Audio Song 'Dingiri Dingale' From Movie 'Kurup' Starring Dulquer Salmaan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/listen-to-popular-malayalam-official-audio-song-dingiri-dingale-from-movie-kurup-starring-dulquer-salmaan/videoshow/89615505.cms |access-date=14 August 2023 |publisher=[[Times of India]] |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814144713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/listen-to-popular-malayalam-official-audio-song-dingiri-dingale-from-movie-kurup-starring-dulquer-salmaan/videoshow/89615505.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Hey Sinamika]]''
| "Achamillai Achamillai"
| Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2022 |title=Dulquer Salmaan shares a video of him rehearsing for Achamillai song from 'Hey Sinamika' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-shares-a-video-of-him-rehearsing-for-achamillai-song-from-hey-sinamika/videoshow/88980786.cms |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=[[Times of India]] |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814144713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/dulquer-salmaan-shares-a-video-of-him-rehearsing-for-achamillai-song-from-hey-sinamika/videoshow/88980786.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Dulquer Salmaan}}

Salmaan has received the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor]] for ''Charlie''. Additionally, he has won five [[Filmfare Awards South]] out of eleven nominations: [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South|Best Male Debut – South]] for ''Ustad Hotel'' and ''Vaayai Moodi Pesavum'', [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Malayalam|Best Actor Critics – Malayalam]] for ''Kali'' and ''Kammatipaadam'', and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor Critics – Telugu]] for ''Mahanati'' and ''Sita Ramam''. He has also won [[Gaddar Telangana Film Awards|Gaddar Telangana State Film Award]] – Special Jury for ''[[Lucky Baskhar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Express News Service|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/mar/01/dulquer-salmans-charlie-bags-eight-kerala-state-film-awards-2015-898526.html|title=Dulquer Salman's Charlie Bags Eight Kerala State Film Awards 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=1 March 2016|access-date=1 March 2016|archive-date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025060413/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2016/mar/01/Dulquer-Salmans-Charlie-Bags-Eight-Kerala-State-Film-Awards-2015-898526.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 68th Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2023 {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-68th-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2023_-67194.html |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dulquer Salmaan wins Jury Award at Telangana State Film Awards for powerful performance in Lucky Baskhar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/dulquer-salmaan-wins-jury-award-telangana-state-film-awards-powerful-performance-lucky-baskhar/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=30 May 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Navboxes|list=
{{Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}
{{Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Débutante}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salmaan, Dulquer}}
[[Category:1980s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Kerala Film Critics Awards winners]]
[[Category:Krannert School of Management alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Age controversies]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kumbalangi Nights (soundtrack)

2026-01-23T02:46:22Z

TimDuncan875676: new new stub...

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Kumbalangi Nights
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sushin Shyam]]
| cover = Kumbalangi Nights (soundtrack).jpeg
| alt =
| released = 21 January 2019
| recorded = 2018–2019
| venue =
| studio = My Studio, [[Kochi]]
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:55
| language = Malayalam, English
| label = Bhavana Studios
| producer = [[Sushin Shyam]]
| prev_title = [[Varathan]]
| prev_year = 2018
| year = 2019
| next_title = [[Virus (2019 film)|Virus]]
| next_year = 2019
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 ={{YouTube|BLCOSNDzJeU|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}
'''''Kumbalangi Nights''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] for the 2019 [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] [[film]] [[Kumbalangi Nights|of the same name]]. The film, directed by [[Madhu C Narayanan|Madhu C. Narayanan]] in his directorial debut, features musical score composed by [[Sushin Shyam]] with the soundtrack accompanied for the film has seven songs in number. The [[Malayalam]] lyrics were penned by [[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]] and [[Vinayak Sasikumar]], while the English songs featured in the album were penned by Nezer Ahamed, Shyam's bandmate in [[The Down Troddence]] rock musical band. Shyam, [[Sithara Krishnakumar]], [[Sooraj Santhosh]], [[Anne Amie]], Kezia Quintal (K.Zia), Akhil Unnikrishnan {{Aka}} AKEL and Yadav gave vocals for the tracks featured in the album.<ref>{{Cite web |title=പഴമയും പുതുമയും കൂട്ടിയിണക്കിയ കുറുപ്പിലെ സംഗീതം; സുഷിന്‍ ശ്യാം പറയുന്നു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2021/11/17/sushin-shyam-opens-up-about-the-kurup-movie-music.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131045128/https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2021/11/17/sushin-shyam-opens-up-about-the-kurup-movie-music.html |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>

The soundtrack is influenced by [[Music of Italy|Italian music]] and consisted of various genres and moods being incorporated. It was released on 21 January 2019 by the film production company, Bhavana Studios, which distributed and released the film and its soundtrack in their first production venture. The score and album received unanimous positive response from critics, appreciating Sushin Shyam for his compositions and tunes, while being considered as his career's best and Shyam won the [[Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Award]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] for his work in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-13 |title=50th Kerala State Film Awards: Suraj Venjaramoodu, Fahadh Faasil and Lijo Pellissery win big |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/50th-kerala-state-film-awards-suraj-venjaramoodu-fahadh-faasil-and-lijo-pellissery-win-big/story-lMFyQUZTMCxsypuoACeaZI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311131705/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/50th-kerala-state-film-awards-suraj-venjaramoodu-fahadh-faasil-and-lijo-pellissery-win-big/story-lMFyQUZTMCxsypuoACeaZI.html |archive-date=11 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Athira |date=2021-07-26 |title=Working on 'Malik' was like telling a story through music, says Sushin Shyam |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/interview-composer-sushin-shyam-malik/article35536242.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2022-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301175301/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/interview-composer-sushin-shyam-malik/article35536242.ece |archive-date=1 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Background and production ==
{{Quote box
| quote = "With a film of this nature, it was quite difficult to take a call on where to place the songs. Naturally, you become a little concerned about your music affecting the mood of the film or people not responding to it well."
| source = [[Sushin Shyam]], on the composition of ''Kumbalangi Nights''{{'}} soundtrack.<ref name="Shrijith 2019">{{Cite news |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=5 February 2019 |title='Kumbalangi Nights' soundtrack has a feel-good vibe: Sushin Shyam |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/feb/05/kumbalangi-nights-soundtrack-has-a-feel-good-vibe-sushin-shyam-1934304.html |url-status=dead |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027162030/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/feb/05/kumbalangi-nights-soundtrack-has-a-feel-good-vibe-sushin-shyam-1934304.html |archive-date=27 October 2019}}</ref>
| align = left
| width = 25%
}}
According to Shyam, composing for the ''Kumbalangi Nights''<nowiki/>' soundtrack was challenging; he was unsure about the need of songs in the film's screenplay, considering Madhu's filmmaking, since he earlier assisted [[Dileesh Pothan]] in ''[[Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum]]'' (2017). Sushin's work in the film was different from the previous films as during the story discussions with Madhu, the complete storyline was not narrated within one shot, but a step-by-step narration of particular situations as per script development. "Cherathukal" was the first song that was narrated to Shyam initially and was recorded within a single take.<ref name="Shrijith 2019" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=Each song has a destiny: Intv with popular Malayalam singer Sithara Krishnakumar |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/each-song-has-destiny-intv-popular-malayalam-singer-sithara-krishnakumar-105893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829130224/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/each-song-has-destiny-intv-popular-malayalam-singer-sithara-krishnakumar-105893 |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> The songs went through several improvisations to accommodate the changes in the script.<ref name="Shrijith 2019" />

Shyam stated that the soundtrack for the film has "feel good vibes" as it begins with a warm and contemplative range, to light and breezy songs in the end.<ref name="Shrijith 2019" /> It also consisted of various genres ranging from [[jazz]], [[Pop music|pop]], [[Electronic dance music|electronic dance]], [[Trance music|trance]], [[Gospel music|gospel]] and [[Melody|melancholy]].<ref name="Naik 2019">{{Cite news |last=Naik |first=Rineeta |date=25 November 2019 |title=Audio master: In 'Kumbalangi Nights', chilled-out backwater riffs blend with songs of love and fears |work=Scroll.in |url=https://scroll.in/reel/944783/audio-master-in-kumbalangi-nights-chilled-out-backwater-riffs-blend-with-songs-of-love-and-fears |url-status=live |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416165909/https://scroll.in/reel/944783/audio-master-in-kumbalangi-nights-chilled-out-backwater-riffs-blend-with-songs-of-love-and-fears |archive-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> The song "Silent Cat", which in the movie is shown as a love song by an American tourist, was sung by German-based artist Kezia Quental, also known as K.Zia.<ref name="Music Aloud 2019">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=Kumbalangi Nights – Music Review (Malayalam Soundtrack) |url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2019/02/25/kumbalangi-nights-music-review-malayalam-soundtrack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026184741/https://www.musicaloud.com/2019/02/25/kumbalangi-nights-music-review-malayalam-soundtrack/ |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=Music Aloud}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2019 |title='Silent Cat' lyrical song from 'Kumbalangi Nights' is beautiful like a poem |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/silent-cat-lyrical-song-from-kumbalangi-nights-is-beautiful-like-a-poem/articleshow/67955512.cms |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref>

In an interview, Shyam said that he was influenced by [[Music of Italy|Italian music]] while making the album. During his days in the band, he shared his experiences on going to [[Italy]] and the mood of the songs being generated on his perception about the place, and also owing to the similarities he found between the city of [[Venice]] and [[Kumbalangi]], in themes and culture.<ref name="George 2019">{{Cite news |last=George |first=Vijay |date=25 July 2019 |title=I need to have a connection with the script, says Sushin Shyam |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mollywood-music-director-sushin-shyam-opens-up-on-the-sounds-of-success/article28696035.ece |url-status=live |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301074245/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mollywood-music-director-sushin-shyam-opens-up-on-the-sounds-of-success/article28696035.ece |archive-date=1 March 2020}}</ref> While all the songs are being composed in mind with the story and setting, the romantic number "Uyiril Thodum" was composed in the intention to make the track commercially successful.<ref name="George 2019" />

== Track listing ==
{{Track listing
| all_music =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Cherathukal
| length1 = 3:41
| lyrics1 = [[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]]
| extra1 = [[Sushin Shyam]], [[Sithara Krishnakumar]]
| title2 = Ezhutha Katha
| length2 = 3:53
| lyrics2 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| extra2 = [[Sushin Shyam]]
| title3 = Silent Cat
| length3 = 2:24
| lyrics3 = Nezer Ahemed
| extra3 = K. Zia
| title4 = Uyiril Thodum
| length4 = 3:53
| lyrics4 = [[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]]
| extra4 = [[Sooraj Santhosh]], [[Anne Amie]]
| title5 = Don't Fall
| length5 = 1:32
| lyrics5 = Nezer Ahemed
| extra5 = Akhil Unnikrishnan
| title6 = Thillele
| note6 = Irular Tribe Festival Song
| length6 = 3:48
| lyrics6 = Traditional
| extra6 = Yadav
| title7 = Lagoon Chill
| length7 = 2:44
| lyrics7 = Nezer Ahemed
| extra7 = [[Sushin Shyam]]
| total_length = 21:55
}}

== Reception ==
The soundtrack and score received positive reviews, praising Shyam for his work in the album. Vipin Nair of ''Music Aloud'' gave 4 stars (out of 5) and said Shyam "delivered his best soundtrack yet".<ref name="Music Aloud 2019" /> In his review for ''A Humming Heart'', Ashwin Vinayan gave 9 stars (out of 10) and said "''Kumbalangi Nights'' is inarguably his [Shyam's] career best effort. The musician must currently be enjoying the imprimatur of all the artists who might have ever influenced and inspired him [...] the soundtrack could well go down to be the year’s best. Then again considering the attention to music in Malayalam cinema, it will be a surprise if something better doesn’t drop." and further called it as "a truly global soundtrack".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinayan |first=Ashwin |date=2019-02-21 |title=Sushin Shyam gifts Kumbalangi Nights a truly global soundtrack |url=https://ahummingheart.com/reviews/sushin-shyam-gifts-kumbalangi-nights-a-truly-global-soundtrack/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525140403/https://ahummingheart.com/reviews/sushin-shyam-gifts-kumbalangi-nights-a-truly-global-soundtrack/ |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=A Humming Heart |language=en-GB}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Scroll.in]]'', Rineeta Naik had stated "Sushin Shyam produces a memorable soundtrack for the story of four brothers living in a decrepit home framed by gleaming backwaters. The film deserves all of its accolades and so does the soundtrack."<ref name="Naik 2019" />

''[[The Times of India]]''-based critic praised the song "Cherathukal" saying that "The song holds an emotion which is very hard to be fragmented. The symbolic representation of the elements, the accuracy of executing the emotion in the lyrics, will make you want to see the movie again".<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2019 |title='Cherathukal' song from 'Kumbalangi Nights' will penetrate deep into your soul |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/cherathukal-song-from-kumbalangi-nights-will-penetrate-deep-into-your-soul/articleshow/68610984.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2022-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311115018/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/cherathukal-song-from-kumbalangi-nights-will-penetrate-deep-into-your-soul/articleshow/68610984.cms |archive-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> Another review from the website, reviewing for the track "Ezhutha Kadha" said that "The song is so soothing and beautiful that rejuvenates the soul and it could let you refresh the whole day."<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2019 |title='Ezhutha Kadha' lyrical song from 'Kumbalangi Nights' is out! |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ezhutha-kadha-lyrical-song-from-kumbalangi-nights-is-out/articleshow/67832357.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2022-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311115001/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ezhutha-kadha-lyrical-song-from-kumbalangi-nights-is-out/articleshow/67832357.cms |archive-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> Sarath Ramesh Kuniyl, in the film review written for [[The Week (Indian magazine)|''The Week'']], had said that the film is complemented well by Sushin Shyam's music, which he opined that "it comes and goes like the sea waves on the beach, and it feels just great".<ref name="Kuniyl 2019">{{Cite news |last=Kuniyl |first=Sarath Ramesh |date=8 February 2019 |title='Kumbalangi Nights' review: This Fahadh Faasil-starrer is a must-watch |work=The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2019/02/08/kumbalangi-nights-review-fahadh-faasil-starrer-must-watch.html |url-status=live |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106221945/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2019/02/08/kumbalangi-nights-review-fahadh-faasil-starrer-must-watch.html |archive-date=6 January 2020}}</ref>

Ankit Sinha, while analysing the track "Cherathukal" in his review for ''[[Film Companion]]'' had said that it depicts the sloth, indifference, repartee, pain and emptiness that envelopes the dysfunctional family in the film. He further opined that "Cherathukal becomes a beautiful dream on film only because we see the thorns of reality adorning it before the song, uniting us with the depths of this family’s heart, preparing us on our way to watching them come in harmony with each other again".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-19 |title=How 'Cherathukal' Is The Perfect Introduction Sequence To Kumbalangi Nights |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-features/kumbalangi-nights-movie-amazon-prime-cherathukal-perfect-introduction-sequence-fahadh-faasil-shane-nigam-soubin-shahir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129020437/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/malayalam-features/kumbalangi-nights-movie-amazon-prime-cherathukal-perfect-introduction-sequence-fahadh-faasil-shane-nigam-soubin-shahir/ |archive-date=29 November 2021 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col" |Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Recipient(s)
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[CPC Cine Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |16 February 2020
|Best Background Score
|{{sort|Shyam|[[Sushin Shyam]]}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila R |date=31 January 2020 |title=CPC Cine Awards 2019: Virus And Kumabalangi Nights Bag Top Honours! |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2020/cpc-cine-awards-2019-virus-and-kumabalangi-nights-bag-the-top-honours-294457.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502184108/https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2020/cpc-cine-awards-2019-virus-and-kumabalangi-nights-bag-the-top-honours-294457.html |archive-date=2 May 2020 |access-date=2 April 2020 |website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
|Best Original Song
|"Cherathukal" by {{sort|Shyam|[[Sushin Shyam]]}}, {{sort|Ali|[[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]]}} and {{sort|Sithara|[[Sithara (singer)|Sithara Krishnakumar]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" |[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[50th Kerala State Film Awards|13 October 2020]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|{{sort|Shyam|[[Sushin Shyam]]}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Desk 2020">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=50th Kerala State Film Awards: Winners list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/50th-kerala-state-film-awards-winners-list-6723151/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015195910/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/50th-kerala-state-film-awards-winners-list-6723151/ |archive-date=15 October 2020 |access-date=14 October 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|18 September 2021]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam|Best Music Director – Malayalam]]
|{{sort|Shyam|[[Sushin Shyam]]}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2021 |title=Dhanush, Manju Warrier, Chetan Kumar, others: SIIMA Awards announces nominees |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-manju-warrier-chetan-kumar-others-siima-awards-announces-nominees-154502 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151926/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-manju-warrier-chetan-kumar-others-siima-awards-announces-nominees-154502 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=21 September 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Manjusha |date=19 September 2021 |title=SIIMA 2021: The big winners from the South Indian movie awards night |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/siima-2021-the-big-winners-from-the-south-indian-movie-awards-night-1.1632033334078 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113804/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/siima-2021-the-big-winners-from-the-south-indian-movie-awards-night-1.1632033334078 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |access-date=21 September 2021 |website=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Malayalam|Best Lyricist – Malayalam]]
|[[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]] – ("Cherathukal")
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Malayalam|Best Female Playback Singer – Malayalam]]
|[[Sithara Krishnakumar]] – ("Cherathukal")
| {{nom}}
|}

== Legacy ==
The soundtrack received appreciation from music critics and being called as one of the composer's best works till date. It also received praise from celebrities alike. [[Arijit Singh]] shared the video of the song "Cherathukal" in his [[Facebook]] page and called it as a "masterpiece", and the singer Sithara Krishnakumar appreciated Singh for his review on the track.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singer Sithara thanks Arijit Singh |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/singer-sithara-thanks-arijit-singh-news-malayalam-uikfdRffdhfee.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810131006/https://www.sify.com/movies/singer-sithara-thanks-arijit-singh-news-malayalam-uikfdRffdhfee.html |archive-date=10 August 2020 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 August 2020 |title=Sithara Krishnakumar thanks Arijit Singh for lauding 'Cherathukal' |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/sithara-krishnakumar-thanks-arijith-singh-for-complimenting-cherathukal/articleshow/77455820.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2022-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311124652/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/sithara-krishnakumar-thanks-arijith-singh-for-complimenting-cherathukal/articleshow/77455820.cms |archive-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> In an interview, actress [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] expressed her desire to sing the track "Cherathukal", with a brief apology to Sithara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-26 |title=Flying high: The Parvathy interview on 'Uyare', life and more |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/flying-high-parvathy-interview-uyare-life-and-more-100744 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311124652/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/flying-high-parvathy-interview-uyare-life-and-more-100744 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> Actor [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] shared a story of the song "Uyiril Thodum" and appreciated the soundtrack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-31 |title=Ayushmann Khurrana 'cannot get over' Kumbalangi Nights soundtrack as he drops love for the film's songs |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ayushmann-khurrana-cannot-get-over-kumbalangi-nights-soundtrack-he-drops-love-films-songs-675891 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q60737728|title=Kumbalangi Nights (soundtrack)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2019 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Malayalam film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]

Mirza Aslam Beg

2026-01-20T14:25:11Z

TimDuncan875676: add lead and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Short description|Pakistan Army general (born 1928)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]]&ensp;[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]]&ensp;[[Sitara-e-Basalat|Sbt]]&ensp;[[Legion of Merit|LoM]]
| name = Mirza Aslam Beg
| image = Gen Mirza Aslam Beg visiting Pakistan Army Unit (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 190px
| alt =
| caption = General Beg in 1991
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1928|2|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Azamgarh district]], [[United Provinces of British India]]
| office = 3rd [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| predecessor = [[Zia-ul-Haq]]
| successor = [[Asif Nawaz Janjua]]
| term_start = 17 August 1988
| term_end = 16 August 1991
| office1 = [[Vice Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]]
| term_start1 = 29 March 1987
| term_end1 = 17 August 1988
| predecessor1 = [[Khalid Mahmud Arif]]
| alma_mater = [[Shibli National College, Azamgarh]] ([[B.A.]]) [[Pakistan Military Academy]] [[National Defence College, Islamabad]] ([[MSc]])
| branch = {{army|PAK}}
| serviceyears = 1949–1991
| rank = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| unit = [[Baloch Regiment]]
| commands = {{Plainlist|
* [[Adjutant General]] at [[GHQ (Pakistan)|Army GHQ]]
* [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff (CGS)]]
* [[XI Corps (Pakistan)]]
* Chief Instructor (CI) at [[National Defense University, Islamabad|NDU]]
* [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|14th Infantry Division]], [[Okara Cantonment|Okara]]
}}
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
* [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
** [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
* [[Siachen conflict|Siachen War]]
* [[Gulf War]]
** [[Operation Desert Storm]]
* [[Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)|First Afghan Civil War]]
**[[Battle of Jalalabad (1989)|Battle of Jalalabad]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Battle of Jalalabad - Operation Jalalabad - Pak-Afg war, 1989 | date=13 October 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRsU76LEJNM |access-date=2023-07-06 |language=en}}</ref>
{{tree list/end}}
| mawards = '''[[#Awards and decorations|See list]]'''
| succeeded2 = [[Yusaf Khan (general)|Yusaf Khan]]
}}

'''Mirza Aslam Beg'''{{efn|[[Urdu]]:{{nq|مرزا اسلم بیگ}}}} (born 15 February 1928), also known as ''' M. A. Beg''', is a retired [[Pakistan]]i [[four-star rank]] general who served as the third [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] of the [[Pakistan Army]] from 1988 until his retirement in 1991. His appointment as chief of army staff came when his predecessor, [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[General Zia-ul-Haq]], [[Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|died in an air crash]] on 17 August 1988.

Beg's tenure witnessed [[Benazir Bhutto]] being elected [[Prime minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] in November 1988, and the restoration of [[Democracy in Pakistan|democracy]] and the [[civilian control of the military]] in the country. Beg financed the [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad|Islamic Democracy Alliance]] (IDA), the conservative and right-wing opposition alliance against [[Socialism in Pakistan|left-wing]] [[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]], and rigged the [[1990 Pakistani general election|general elections]] in 1990 in favor of [[Nawaz Sharif]].<ref name="The Daily Times, Pakistan">{{cite news|last=Editorial|title=What the generals must apologise for|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\02\01\story_1-2-2008_pg3_1|access-date=26 March 2013|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |date=1 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206002515/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C02%5C01%5Cstory_1-2-2008_pg3_1|archive-date=6 February 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, [[Nawaz Sharif]] became Prime Minister in 1990, but fell out with Beg when the latter recommended support for [[Iraq]] during the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/86.htm |title=U.S. Library of Congress: Pakistan and the Middle East |access-date=14 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015000227/http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/86.htm |archive-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Beg was denied an extension from President [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] soon after in 1991, and replaced by General [[Asif Nawaz]] as chief of army staff.<ref name="Faruqui">Ahmad Faruqui. [http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/am-the-army-today-am-04 "The army today"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203120802/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/am-the-army-today-am-04 |date=3 December 2009 }} ''Dawn'', 12 October 2009</ref> Apart from his military career, Beg briefly tenured as professor of [[security studies]] at the [[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence University]] (NDU) and regularly writes columns in ''[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]''.<ref name="THe Nation">{{cite news|last=The Nation|title=The columns of Mirza Aslam Beg|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Columnist/mirza-aslam-beg|access-date=21 March 2013|newspaper=The Nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320113806/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Columnist/mirza-aslam-beg|archive-date=20 March 2013}}</ref>

Post-retirement, Beg has been mired in controversies. In 2012, [[Ijaz-ul-Haq]], the son of [[General Zia-ul-Haq]] accused Beg of being responsible for the airplane crash that killed President Zia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dunyanews.tv/index.php?key=Q2F0SUQ9MiNOaWQ9MTA4ODU1|work=[[Dunya News]]|title=Gen Beg responsible for Bahawalpur crash: Ijaz|date=25 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/details.php?newsid=206567 |title=ONLINE - International News Network |access-date=28 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191215/http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/details.php?newsid=206567 |archive-date=2 January 2014 }}</ref>

In 1996, [[Asghar Khan]] filed a human rights petition alleging that former Pakistan Army Chief General Beg and [[Pakistani ISI]] Chief [[Asad Durrani]], under President [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]], established an election cell to manipulate the [[1990 Pakistani general election]] in favor of [[Nawaz Sharif]] by purchasing politicians' loyalties. Nearly 16 years later, Durrani finally admitted his role in a 2012 affidavit to the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] and stated that he had been ordered by Beg to disburse money to rivals of [[Benazir Bhutto]]'s party.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/09/former-isi-chief-1990-pakistan-election|title=Former ISI chief says army money used to influence 1990 Pakistan election|date=9 March 2012|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/413571-asghar-khan-case|title=Asghar Khan case: SC passed conclusive judgment in October 2012|date=2 January 2019|work=[[The News International]]}}</ref> The ISI disbursed Rs140 million for this purpose using funds from the foreign exchange reserves of Pakistan, through Mehranbank CEO Younus Habib. In 2012, Habib stated that the money had been arranged at the behest of [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] and General Beg, in his affidavit to the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/701288|title=Money arranged at behest of Ghulam Ishaq, Aslam Beg: Habib|date=9 March 2012|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> Despite these revelations, no significant legal consequences have followed and Beg had continued to defy court orders.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/314405|title=FIA claims Javed Hashmi received Rs27m in his personal account|publisher=[[The News International]]|date=9 May 2018|first=Zahid|last=Gishkori}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta3/tft/article.php?issue=20121214&page=2 |title=Khaled Ahmed, 'Closing in on Aslam Beg'|work=[[The Friday Times]] |access-date=14 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030171552/http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta3/tft/article.php?issue=20121214&page=2 |archive-date=30 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-13050-Givers-and-takers-of-money-both-responsible-CJ |title=Givers and takers of money both responsible: Chief Justice – |work=[[The News International]] |date=10 March 2012 |access-date=14 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428182003/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-13050-Givers-and-takers-of-money-both-responsible-CJ |archive-date=28 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life in India and education ==
{{See also|Mughal Empire|Mughal Royal Family|British Indian Empire|Partition of India}}
Mirza Aslam Beg was born in the small village, Muslimpatti,<ref name="Twocicles.net">{{cite web|last=Indian Muslim Press|title=A milestone for girls in Azamgarh village|url=http://twocircles.net/2011dec21/milestone_girls_uttar_pradesh_village.html|work=Twocicles.net|date=21 December 2011 |access-date=21 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201160744/http://twocircles.net/2011dec21/milestone_girls_uttar_pradesh_village.html|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Azamgarh district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[British Indian Empire|British India]], to the [[Urdu speaking]] [[Mahajir (Pakistan)|Muhajir]] family of eleven children (eight sons, three daughters) that was well known for its [[:Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire|Mughal nobility]], on 15 February 1928.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Chellaney|editor-first=Brahma|title=Securing India's future in the new millennium|year=1999|publisher=Orient Longman|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-250-1721-6}}</ref><ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine">{{cite web|last=Staff reports |title=Details of Gen Mirza Aslam Beg |url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/Profile/Gen-R-Mirza-Aslam-Baig-602 |work=Pakistan Herald Magazine |access-date=21 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102141150/http://pakistanherald.com/Profile/Gen-R-Mirza-Aslam-Beg-602 |archive-date=2 January 2010 }}</ref>

His father, Mirza Murtaza Beg, was an [[advocate]] and practicing lawyer who had held a well known prestige and respected name in the law circles of the [[Allahabad High Court]].<ref name="One Pakistan">{{cite news|last=Profile|title=Mirza Aslam Baig|url=http://topics.onepakistan.com.pk/gen-r-mirza-aslam-baig/|access-date=21 March 2013|newspaper=One Pakistan}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Baig's family had traced a long ancestral roots of the [[Mughal Royal Family|Mughal royal family]] who once were emperors of India from the early 15th century to the early 18th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Coll|first=Steve|title=On the grand trunk road a journey into South Asia|year=2009|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York, N.Y.|isbn=978-1-101-02913-8|edition=[New]}}</ref>

He was educated at the [[Azamgarh]] where he graduated from a local high school and enrolled at the [[Shibli National College, Azamgarh]] for his undergraduate studies, in 1945.<ref name="Outlook India">{{cite web|last=Baig|first=General (retired) Mirza Aslam|title=My life fifty years ago|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?203595|work=Mirza Aslam Baig memoirs|publisher=Outlook India|access-date=21 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613011000/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?203595|archive-date=13 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, he earned [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in [[Liberal Arts]] from Shibli National College in 1949.<ref name="Outlook India"/>

During his college years, Mirza played collegiate [[field hockey]] and was vital member of his hockey team which consisted mainly Muslims.<ref name="Outlook India"/> According to his memories, Beg sought revenge on a Hindu politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] after the politician had beaten up a member of his hockey team.<ref name="Outlook India"/> Egged on by a mob of students, Beg used his hockey stick to beat up the politician at a public meeting.<ref name="Outlook India"/> This incident came after his graduation from college in 1949, and Beg's family decided to move to [[Pakistan]] in 1949 after the [[Partition of India|Indian partition]] in 1947.<ref name="Outlook India"/>

==Military career==
[[File:March71.PNG|thumb|250px|right|[[Military Intelligence (Pakistan)|MI's Map]] of East Pakistan in 1971. Beg, then-[[Lieutenant-Colonel|Lt-Col.]], had been very critical of [[Pakistan Eastern Command|Eastern Command]]'s interference in the [[Government of East Pakistan|Govt. of East Pakistan]].]]

The Beg family set sailed for [[Karachi]] from [[Bombay]] via [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] ship in 1949. His elder brother was already a [[commissioned officer]] in the [[Pakistan Army]] and encouraged young Beg to follow his path to seek a career in the army.<ref name="Outlook India"/> Beg recalled his memoirs to his Indian interviewer and called Pakistan as "my dream country".<ref name="Outlook India"/> In 1950, Beg was accepted at the [[Pakistan Military Academy]] (PMA) in [[Kakul]], graduating from a class of 6th PMA Long Course in 1952.<ref name="Defence Journal Pakistan">{{cite web|last1=Amin|first1=A.H.|title=Remembering Our Warriors: Brig. Shamim Yasin Manto|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal Shamim|access-date=19 September 2017|location=Karachi|language=en-pk|date=February 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503043659/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm|archive-date=3 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1952, he gained a commission as [[second lieutenant|2Lt.]] in the 6 [[Baloch Regiment]] of the [[Pakistan Army]] and initially assisted the command of an infantry [[platoon]].<ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine" /> From 1952 to 1958, he progressed well toward the military ranks, having been promoted to [[lieutenant|army lieutenant]] in 1956; and [[army captain]] in 1958.<ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine" /> He received recommendations from his field commanding officer for the selection by the special branch to join the special forces, and departed to the [[United States]] in 1958 to complete the special forces training with the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] [[United States Army Special Forces|Special Forces]] in [[Fort Bragg]], [[North Carolina]].<ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine" />

In 1960, Major Beg returned to Pakistan and joined the elite [[Special Services Group|Army Special Service Group]] (SSG), initially commanding a [[Company commander|company]] that specialized in military infiltration.<ref name="Defence Journal Pakistan"/> Major Beg was deployed in [[FATA|Western Pakistan]], in areas adjacent to [[Afghanistan]], where his first combat experience took place when he led his company in removing the [[Dir (region)|Nawab of Dir]] in [[Chitral]] in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier Province]].<ref name="Defence Journal Pakistan"/> In 1965, Major Beg served well in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with [[India]] and led the Special Forces team against the [[Indian Army]].<ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine" />

===Academia and professorship===

In 1967, Major Beg was promoted as [[Lieutenant-Colonel]], eventually sent to attend the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] (NDU) to continue his higher education, alongside then-[[Lieutenant-Colonel]] [[Zahid Ali Akbar]], an [[engineering officer]] from the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers|Corps of Engineers]].<ref name="National Defence University (NDU); Armed Forces War College">{{cite web|last=NDU|title=1971 AFWC alumni|url=http://www.ndu.edu.pk/afwc/alumni_war71.php|publisher=National Defence University (NDU); Armed Forces War College|access-date=21 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307031406/http://www.ndu.edu.pk/afwc/alumni_war71.php|archive-date=7 March 2013}}</ref>

After attending the Armed Forces War College and graduated with [[Master of Science|MSc]] in [[Strategic studies]] in 1971, [[Lieutenant-Colonel|Lt.Col.]] Beg was stationed in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]] to serve as a [[military adviser]] to the [[Pakistan Eastern Command|Eastern Command]] led by its [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief|GOC-in-C]], [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|A.A.K. Niazi]].<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling" /> Upon arriving and [[Military observer|observing]] the [[Operation Searchlight|military deployments and actions]], Lt.Col. Beg became very critical of [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|Gen. Niazi]]'s strategy and eventually became involved in acrimonious argument with his [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|Gen. Niazi]]'s staff in [[Dhaka|Dacca]], having been very critical of armed forces interference in the political events in East.<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling" /> His open mindedness and arguments with his senior officer eventually led his transfer back to Pakistan and was threatened with facing the [[court martial]].<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling" />

In 1971, he commanded an infantry regiment in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with India but was sent back to attend the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] where he became even more involved with his studies.<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling" /> In 1971–72, he earned his [[Master of Science|MSc]] in [[War Studies]], defending and publishing his thesis, entitled: "''A journey of pain and fear''" which provide critical analysis of [[state sponsored terrorism]] and its effects on geo-military positions of the countries.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Beg|first=Mirza Aslam|journal=Criterion Quarterly|url=http://111.68.99.107/libmax/opac/ArticleDetail.aspx?id=8472|title=A journey of pain and fear|date=1971|volume=1|issue=1|access-date=21 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105235514/http://111.68.99.107/libmax/opac/ArticleDetail.aspx?id=8472|archive-date=5 November 2018}}</ref> Lt. Col. Beg left the [[Special Services Group|special forces]], and accepted the professorship on war studies at the NDU in 1975.<ref name=" ''National Defence University, Islamabad''"/> [[Brigadier|Brig.]] Beg tenured as the professor on the [[war studies]] and remained Chief Instructor of Armed Forces War College at the then [[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence University]] until January 1978.<ref name=" ''National Defence University, Islamabad''">[http://www.ndu.edu.pk/wings_war_cigallery.htm "Chief Instructor's Gallery"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217051531/http://www.ndu.edu.pk/wings_war_cigallery.htm |date=17 February 2011 }} ''National Defence University, Islamabad'' accessed 6 October 2009</ref>

About the 1971 war, Beg maintained that the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] "learned a valuable strategic lesson", and that quoted that the government also learned that "there is no point in going to war unless you are absolutely certain you have the capability to win".<ref name="Dawn News, 2009">{{cite news|author1=Ahmad Faruiqi|title=The army today|url=http://archives.dawn.com/archives/26709|access-date=21 March 2013|newspaper=Dawn News |date=12 October 2009|author2=Brian Cloughley}}</ref>

From 1994 to 1999, Beg continued his teaching at NDU and published his two books on national security, nuclear weapons development, defence diplomacy and international relations.<ref name="FRIENDS Publication">{{cite book|last=Beg|first=Mirzā Aslam|title=National security: diplomacy and defence|year=1999|publisher=FRIENDS Publication|location=Rawalpindi|isbn=969-8199-13-6|page=93}}</ref><ref name="Foundation for Research and National Development and Security, FRIENDS">{{cite book|last=Beg|first=Mirza Aslam|title=Development and security: thoughts and reflections|year=1994|publisher=Foundation for Research and National Development and Security, FRIENDS|location=Rawalpindi, Pakistan|isbn=969-8199-01-2|page=252|url=http://111.68.99.107/libmax/opac/BookDetail.aspx?id=33344|access-date=21 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040429/http://111.68.99.107/libmax/opac/BookDetail.aspx?id=33344|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

===War and Command appointments===

In 1978, [[Brigadier|Brig.]] Beg left the professorship at the university and was promoted into the two-star command appointment in the army.<ref name="The Nation, 1978">{{cite news|last=Mirza|first=Beg|title=Political aberrations|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/22-Jul-2012/political-aberrations|access-date=24 March 2013|newspaper=The Nation, 1978|date=22 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326200118/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/22-Jul-2012/political-aberrations|archive-date=26 March 2013}}</ref> [[Major-General]] Beg was appointed as the [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] of the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|14th Army Division]], stationed at the [[Okara Cantonment|Okara Military District]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab Province]] in Pakistan.<ref name="The Nation, 1978"/>

In March 1979, chief of army staff, General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], directed the [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II ''Strike'' Corps]]' "to ascertain the likely reaction of the Pakistan Armed Forces officers if Bhutto was hanged", in accordance to the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]]'s verdict.<ref name="The Nation, 1978"/> During this meeting, Major-General Beg objected to the hanging of Bhutto and maintained to his senior commanders that: "The hanging of Bhutto would be an unwise act, as it could cause very serious "political aberrations" that will be difficult to correct.<ref name="The Nation, 1978"/> In 1979, Major-General Beg was moved at [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]], taking over the staff appointment as an [[Adjutant-General]], which he served until 1980.<ref name="The Nation, 1978"/> He was later elevated as the [[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff (CGS)]], remained in charge of operational planning of the counter-offensive to the [[Operation Meghdoot|Indian invasion of Siachen]] marking the beginnings of the ongoing [[Siachen conflict]] in 1984.<ref>Maj Gen (r) Shafiq Ahmed. [http://www.worldaffairsboard.com/showthread.php?s=f5c2001bb072f2aadf39d1eb37ecf762&t=2863 "Army's inquiry commissions"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812211609/http://www.worldaffairsboard.com/showthread.php?s=f5c2001bb072f2aadf39d1eb37ecf762&t=2863 |date=12 August 2017 }} ''The Nation'', 5 August 2004</ref>

In 1985, Major-General Beg was elevated to three-star promotion and was appointed as Corp's Commander of the [[XI Corps (Pakistan)|XI Corps]], that stationed in [[Peshawar]], which had role in the [[Soviet–Afghan War|indirect war]] with the [[Soviet Army]] in Afghanistan, since 1980.<ref>Rahimullah Yusufzai. [http://www.afghanistannewscenter.com/news/2001/may/may10n2001.html "Change of Guard at Peshawar's 11th Corps"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212124257/http://www.afghanistannewscenter.com/news/2001/may/may10n2001.html |date=12 February 2012 }} ''The News'', 10 May 2001</ref>

According to the military authors and Pakistani historians' accounts, [[Lieutenant-General]] Beg was extremely distrusted by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], mainly due to his open-mindedness and his [[Democracy in Pakistan|pro-democracy]] views, at one point, advising President Zia to "rendezvous with the [[History of East Pakistan|nation's history]] and democratize the country."<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling">{{cite book|last1=Kiessling|first1=Hein|title=Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London, UK|isbn=978-1-84904-863-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_cgDgAAQBAJ&q=zahid+ali+akbar+military+academy&pg=PT71|access-date=19 September 2017|language=en|format=google books|chapter={{small|§Domestic Politics: General Beg}} }}</ref>

In 1987, [[Lieutenant-General]] Beg was in the race for the promotion of four-star appointment, along with Lieutenant-General [[Zahid Ali Akbar]], but was overlooked by President Zia who wanted to [[Zahid Ali Akbar|Lt.Gen. Akbar]] for the four-star appointment as chief of army staff.<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling"/> Prime Minister [[Mohammad Khan Junejo|M.K. Junejo]] eventually used his prerogative to appoint [[Lieutenant-General]] Mirza Aslam Beg as [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|vice-army chief]] on merit, despite President Zia wanting Lieutenant-General [[Zahid Ali Akbar]] who was sent to [[Defence Science and Technology Organization|DESTO]].{{rp|73}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, Kiessling"/>

===Chief of Army Staff===

[[File:Gen Mirza Aslam Beg visiting Pakistan Army Unit.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Gen. Mirza Aslam Beg, [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|COAS]], visiting [[Pakistan Army]] formation in 1991.]]

In March 1987, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Mohammad Khan Junejo|Mohammad Junejo]] announced in the [[News channels in Pakistan|news media]] of appointing [[Lieutenant-General]] Beg as a [[Vice Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]], promoting him as the [[Four-star general|four-star]] rank general in the army.{{rp|278}}<ref name="Sang-i Meel Publications, Akhtar">{{cite book|last1=Akhtar|first1=Haq Nawaz|title=If truth be told: an alternative history of Pakistan|date=2007|publisher=Sang-i Meel Publications|location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan|page=368|isbn=978-969-35-1951-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-NtAAAAMAAJ&q=zahid+ali+akbar+khan+born|access-date=22 September 2017|language=en}}</ref>

Though, General Beg did not supersede anyone and was the most senior, the promotion was notable due to the opposition shown by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Zia-ul-Haq]] who wanted Lieutenant-General [[Zahid Ali Akbar]], an engineer, as vice army chief.{{rp|278}}<ref name="Sang-i Meel Publications, Akhtar"/><ref name="Dawn News, 2009" />

Despite his four-star command assignment, General Beg had to report his duties and decisions to [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] who had been army chief since 1976.<ref name=Ashgate>{{cite book|last=Hussain|first=Rizwan|title=Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate|location=Burlington, VT|isbn=0-7546-4434-0}}</ref> Eventually, General Beg succeeded President Zia as the new army chief and the command of the army when the latter [[Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|died in an accidental plane crash]] on 17 August 1988.<ref name="Special to the New York Times">{{cite news|last=Sciolino|first=Elaine|title=Pakistan After Zia; Washington Regrets Death of a Solid Ally But Holds Out Hope for Democratic Change|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/22/world/pakistan-after-zia-washington-regrets-death-solid-ally-but-holds-hope-for.html|access-date=26 March 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=22 August 1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305182509/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/22/world/pakistan-after-zia-washington-regrets-death-solid-ally-but-holds-hope-for.html|archive-date=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> American military authors regarded Beg as "mild but bookish general" keen to drive the country towards the tracks of democracy.<ref name="SecretHistory">{{cite book|last=Coll|first=Steve|title=Ghost wars: the secret history of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet invasion to September 10, 2001|year=2005|publisher=Penguin Books|location=London|isbn=978-0-14-3034-66-7|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780141020808|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780141020808/page/179 179]|quote=soviet war and Mirza Aslam Beg.|edition=[Updated ed.].|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref>

The [[United States military]] regarded Beg as an "Unpredictable General"<ref name="Special to the New York Times"/> could not be counted on to continue close [[Operation Cyclone|military cooperation]] with the United States as Zia did in the 1980s.<ref name="Special to the New York Times"/> The Pentagon had commented on Beg as "a professional soldier" with no political ambitions, but independent-minded and unpredictable.<ref name="Special to the New York Times"/> In 1988, one [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] military official added that "Beg is hard to figure out and difficult to read his mindset unlike other Pakistan army generals, he hasn't been particularly friendly with the [[United States|US]]."<ref name="Special to the New York Times"/>

Against the popular perception to take over, Beg endorsed [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] as president and ultimately called for new [[1988 Pakistani general elections|general elections]] which resulted in a peaceful democratic transfer of government to the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) with [[Benazir Bhutto]] as the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime minister]].<ref name="UNESCO Publ.">{{cite book|last=Adle|first=president: Chahryar|title=Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century|year=2005|publisher=UNESCO Publ.|location=Paris|isbn=92-3-10-3985-7|page=435}}</ref><ref name="Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov. Print. Off.">{{cite book |editor-last=Blood |editor-first=Peter R.|title=Pakistan: a country study|year=1995|publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-8444-0834-4|edition=6th |url=https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo}}</ref> Beg did not consult any of his corps commanders or principal staff officers (PSOs) and called on the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]], Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey|Iftikhar Sirohey]], and [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]] Air Chief Marshal [[Hakimullah]], to discuss the matter briefly and within three hours of General Zia-ul-Haq's death, restored the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]] and handed over power to [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]].<ref name="The Nation, June 19, 2011"/> It was an unprecedented decision in favour of democracy and the rule of law.<ref name="The Nation, June 19, 2011">{{cite news|last=Beg|first=Mirza|title=Waiting for the command decision|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/19-Jun-2011/waiting-for-the-command-decision|access-date=24 March 2013|newspaper=The Nation, 19 June 2011|date=19 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217035144/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/19-Jun-2011/Waiting-for-the-command-decision|archive-date=17 February 2013}}</ref>

Mirza Aslam Beg was endorsed by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] who confirmed his four-star appointment as chief of army staff until 1991, when he was replaced by General [[Asif Nawaz]].<ref name="Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov. Print. Off."/> Unlike General Zia, Beg initiated a massive re-evaluation and education training program for the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|inter-services]] officers.<ref name="Stanford University Press">{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Feroz Hassan|title=Eating grass: the making of the Pakistani bomb|year=2012|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford, California|isbn=978-0-8047-7601-1|page=474|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC&q=Pakistan%27s+Foreign+Policy+Sattar&pg=PA473|access-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627041554/http://books.google.com/books?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC&pg=PA473&dq=Pakistan%27s+Foreign+Policy+Sattar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PuaJUcTsEce5igKdtICwBw&ved=0CD4QuwUwAw#v=onepage&q=Pakistan%27s%20Foreign%20Policy%20Sattar&f=true|archive-date=27 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1988, Beg's personal initiatives led to sending of hundreds of [[Pakistan Armed Forces|inter-services]] officers to Western universities for advanced degrees.<ref name="Stanford University Press"/> By 1991, several of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|inter-services]] officers had gained [[Post graduate|post-graduate]] degree in operational and technical training.<ref name="Stanford University Press"/>

In 1988, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] conferred Beg with a specially designated civil award for Mirza Aslam Beg for restoring democracy in Pakistan, ''[[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Tamgha-e-Jamhuriat]]'' (lit. Medal of Democracy).<ref name="The News International">{{cite news|last=Mir|first=Amir|title=Gen Beg may be stripped of Democracy Medal given by BB|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-6-138659-Gen-Beg-may-be-stripped-of-Democracy-Medal-given-by-BB|access-date=22 March 2013|newspaper=The News International|date=21 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102183735/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-6-138659-Gen-Beg-may-be-stripped-of-Democracy-Medal-given-by-BB|archive-date=2 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In fact, Beg is the only one in Pakistan, and yet the only four-star army general to have been decorated with such an honour.<ref name="The News International"/> Although Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was criticized for decorating a four-star general with a civilian award, she used to justify her decision, saying that Beg deserved this honour because he refrained from indulging in yet another military adventure like Zia and instead helped Pakistan to a [[peaceful transition of power]] through general elections.<ref name="The News International"/>

On 16 August 1991, General Beg retired from his military serving, completing 41 years of service, and handing over command to General [[Asif Nawaz Janjua|Asif Nawaz]].<ref name="Faruqui"/> As an [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|army chief]], General Beg is credited by an [[Australian Army]] expert for encouraging "wider thinking about tactics" within the [[Pakistan Army]], particularly for establishing a much improved logistics chain and "contributed immensely to the army's warfighting capabilities".<ref name="Faruqui"/>

===Soviet withdrawal and Afghan war===

{{Main|Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–1992)|Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan|Pakistan-Soviet Union relations}}

As chief of army staff, Beg determinately retained the military's control over the policies regarding the [[National Security Council of Pakistan|national security of Pakistan]], and dictated Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]]'s role in formulating the national security policies.<ref name="SecretHistory"/> Beg testified that the "real causes behind the '[[Pressler amendment]]' was significant as long as Pakistan was considered an important entity of weakening [[Soviet Union]]'s influence in [[South Asia]]".<ref name="State Univ. of New York Press">{{cite book|last=Sayeed|first=Khalid Bin|title=Western dominance and political Islam: challenge and response|year=1995|publisher=State Univ. of New York Press|location=Albany, N.Y.|isbn=0-7914-2265-8|url=https://archive.org/details/westerndominance00saye_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/westerndominance00saye_0/page/105 105]|quote=soviet war and Mirza Aslam Beg.}}</ref> Various writers greatly questioned his idea of "[[strategic depth]]", which aim to transfer of Pakistan's military science command in dense Afghanistan, against the war with India.<ref name="Burlington, VT">{{cite book|last=Qassem|first=Ahmad Shayeq|title=Afghanistan's political stability: a dream unrealised|year=2009|publisher=Burlington, VT|location=Farnham, Surrey|isbn=978-0-7546-7940-0|edition=[Online-Ausg.].}}</ref>

Beg endorsed the role of his deputy, [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Hamid Gul]] in Afghanistan war who masterminded the [[Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–1992)|Jalalabad operation]] which failed brutally; Gul was deposed by Prime Minister Bhutto soon after this action.<ref>{{cite book|last=Satti|first=Jehangir|title=The Ruling Enemy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fustp5GGqHIC&q=Afghan+war+and+Mirza+Aslam+Beg&pg=PA75|access-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619203419/https://books.google.com/books?id=fustp5GGqHIC&pg=PA75&dq=Afghan+war+and+Mirza+Aslam+Beg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNdTUYr5MsrjiwKEroBY&ved=0CDcQuwUwAQ#v=onepage&q=Afghan%20war%20and%20Mirza%20Aslam%20Beg&f=true|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Beg's role remained vital during and after the Soviet Union's [[Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan|troop withdrawal]] from Afghanistan and showed no intention to coordinate joint efforts with the U.S. to end the war in the country.<ref name="PublicAffairs">{{cite book|last=Tomsen|first=Peter|title=The Wars of Afghanistan Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers.|year=2011|publisher=PublicAffairs|location=New York|isbn=978-1-58648-781-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zz9_Ve29eL0C&q=Afghan+war+and+Mirza+Aslam+Beg&pg=PA344|edition=1st|access-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209073222/http://books.google.com/books?id=zz9_Ve29eL0C&pg=PA344&dq=Afghan+war+and+Mirza+Aslam+Beg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uNdTUYr5MsrjiwKEroBY&ved=0CDEQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Afghan%20war%20and%20Mirza%20Aslam%20Beg&f=true|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In late 1989, Pakistan and U.S. propagated the message of departing of communist government in order to bring the clerical government instead.<ref name="PublicAffairs"/> Authors and media reporters maintained that Beg controversially proposed an intelligence contingency plan between the agencies of [[National Directorate of Security|Afghanistan]], [[Inter-Services Intelligence|Pakistan]] and [[Iranian Intelligence Service|Iran]] that would grow into the "core of the Muslim world".<ref name="PublicAffairs"/> Such idea was met with hostility in the [[Pakistan Government|government]] and [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan|Foreign Minister]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Yacob Khan]] and Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto were the ones who objected and opposed to this idea.<ref name="PublicAffairs"/>

===Gulf War in Iraq===

{{Main|Gulf War}}

[[File:Desert Storm Map.svg|thumb|right|250px|Contingency map of [[Gulf War|Iraq War in 1990]]. Gen. Mirza was instrument in deploying and leading the [[Pakistan Army]] against [[Baathist Iraq|Iraq]] as part of the [[Coalition of the Gulf War|U.N. Coalition]].]]

In 1989, Beg drafted a contingency plan and organized a massive [[military exercise]], [[Zarb-e-Momin|''Exercise Zarb-e-Momin'']], to prove the military solidarity contentions. One of the notable events as a stint as a chief of army staff during the end of [[Cold War]] took place in 1990, when Iraq [[Invasion of Kuwait|invaded]] [[Kuwait]] amidst political tensions between two Arab countries. Beg fully endorsed the [[United States]]-led [[Operation Desert Storm|military campaign]] against [[Iraq]]. In a briefing given to [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] and [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]], Beg maintained the assessment that once the ground battle with the [[Iraqi Army]] was joined, the Iraqi Army would comprehensively defeat and repel the [[United States Army|American Army]].<ref name="Frankfort, IL"/>

Ironically, Beg accused the Western countries for encouraging Iraq to invade Kuwait, though he kept his armed forces fighting against Iraq in support to [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Authors Choice Press">{{cite book|last=Hiro|first=Dilip|title=Desert shield to desert storm: the second Gulf war|year=2003|publisher=Authors Choice Press|location=New York|isbn=0-595-26904-4}}</ref><ref name="Oxford University Press, Ghareeb"/> In 1990, he held state dinner for [[USCENTCOM|United States Central Command]] (SCENTCOM) commander General [[Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.|Norman Schwarzkopf]] where, together with [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs]] Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey|Iftikhar Sirohey]], brief the USCENTCOM on [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] battle preparations and military operational capabilities of Pakistan armed forces in Saudi contingent.<ref name="Bantam Books">{{cite book |author=H. Norman Schwarzkopf |author2=Peter Petre |title=It doesn't take a hero: the autobiography|year=1993|publisher=Bantam Books|location=New York|isbn=0-553-56338-6}}</ref>

The Iraq war with Kuwait was a polarizing political issue in Pakistan and Beg carefully commanded and deployed the Pakistan Armed Forces' contingent forces during [[Operation Desert Storm]] in 1991.<ref name="Oxford University Press, Ghareeb">{{cite book |author=Edmund Ghareeb |author2=Majid Khadduri |title=War in the Gulf, 1990–91: the Iraq-Kuwait conflict and its implications|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press, Ghareeb|location=Oxford [u.a.]|isbn=0-19-514979-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Crossette|first=Barbara|title=Confrontation in the Gulf – Pakistanis Agree to Join Defense of Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/14/world/confrontation-in-the-gulf-pakistanis-agree-to-join-defense-of-saudi-arabia.html|access-date=26 March 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 August 1990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530073343/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/14/world/confrontation-in-the-gulf-pakistanis-agree-to-join-defense-of-saudi-arabia.html|archive-date=30 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Beg calculated that the popular opinion would be in favor of Iraq, as the anti-American sentiment in the Middle East began to grow at that time.<ref name="Frankfort, IL"/>

But neither did Beg's strategic prediction come true nor did he get an extension.<ref name="Frankfort, IL"/> Soon after the end of Gulf war, Beg proceeded towards his retirement on 18 August 1991.<ref name="Frankfort, IL">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=R.S.N.|title=The military factor in Pakistan|year=2008|publisher=Frankfort, IL|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-0-9815378-9-4|pages=84–85|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCm2DFZblOYC&q=mirza+aslam+beg+retirement&pg=PA84|chapter=Nawaz Sharif and Military|access-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628025944/http://books.google.com/books?id=wCm2DFZblOYC&pg=PA84&dq=mirza+aslam+beg+retirement&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wzlRUc-BJKauiALPtIHQCA&ved=0CFUQuwUwBg#v=onepage&q=mirza%20aslam%20beg%20retirement&f=true|archive-date=28 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Post-military career==
After failing to persuade the government for his extension, Beg's later political ambitions forced then-president [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] to nominate General [[Asif Nawaz]] as the designated chief of army staff three months prior to his retirement.<ref name="The Daily Times, Pakistan"/> After Beg's retirement he continued the professorship at [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] in Islamabad, and remained active in country's political and military affairs.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Strick van Linschoten|first1=Alex |title=An enemy we created: the myth of the Taliban-al Qaeda merger in Afghanistan|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-992731-9|page=454|last2=Kuehn|first2=Felix|chapter=Biographies|year=2012 }}</ref>

===Funding of conservative politicians===
{{main|Mehran Bank scandal|First Sharif ministry|l2=First Sharif administration|Islamic Democratic Alliance}}

Soon after retiring from his military service in 1991, Beg earned the public criticism when the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]'s politicians went on aired on several [[News channels in Pakistan|news channels]] of being charged on personally authorizing the intelligence funds [[Mehran Bank scandal|to be released]] to the [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad|conservative politicians]].<ref name="The Daily Times, Pakistan" /> A lawsuit was filed by [[Asghar Khan]] at the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] against him, the former [[Inter-Services Intelligence|Director ISI]] [[Asad Durrani]], and [[Younis Habib]], the [[accountant]] with the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] in 1992, and official court inquiries began when the local Pakistani newspaper, alleging that the conservatives had received as much as ₨. 140 million to win over the "for-sale" leftists politicians.<ref name="The Daily Times, Pakistan" />

In 1994, the official government investigations pursued further when [[Interior Minister of Pakistan|Interior minister]] [[Naseerullah Babar]] in [[Bainazir Bhuttoo Government|Benazir administration]] disclosed this matter at the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] while maintaining that "it was the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] that had disbursed funds to purchase the loyalty of conservative mass and nationalist public figures to manipulate the [[1990 Pakistani general elections|general elections]] held in 1990 and to bring the conservatives in race to compete with left-wing politicians in the country."<ref name="The Daily Times, Pakistan" /> It was reported that Gen. Beg had the [[Younis Habib]] released and deposited around ₨. 140 million in the Survey Section 202 account of [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan|Military Intelligence]] (MI), with ₨. 6 million were channeled to accounts of [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] including the bureaucracts: Syed Refaqat Hussain, [[Roedad Khan]], and [[Ijlal Haider Zaidi|Ijlal Zaidi]].<ref>Cowasjee, Ardeshir [http://www.dawn.com/weekly/cowas/20070819.htm We never learn from history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024000214/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/cowas/20070819.htm |date=24 October 2010 }} ''Dawn Newspaper'', 19 August 2007</ref> In 2017, the [[Panama Papers case|second lawsuit]] filed against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has connected him when [[Justice|Just.]] [[Gulzar Ahmed|Gulzar]], in his final verdict, reads:

{{blockquote |[Late] [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]], the then-[[President of Pakistan]], General Aslam Beg and General Asad Durrani acted in violation of the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]] by facilitating a group of politicians and political parties, etc., to ensure their success against the rival candidates in the general election of 1990, for which they secured funds from Mr. Yunus Habib. Their acts have brought a bad name to Pakistan and professionality of the Armed Forces as well as intelligence agencies in the eyes of the nation, therefore, notwithstanding that they may have retired from service, the [Federal] Government shall take necessary steps under the Constitution and Law against them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/199752-Full-text-of-Panama-case-verdict|title=Full text of Panama case verdict|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en|access-date=2017-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420124032/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/199752-Full-text-of-Panama-case-verdict|archive-date=2017-04-20|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

===Nuclear proliferation controversy===
Internationally, Beg was widely criticised for his alleged involvement with the [[Nuclear Program of Iran|nuclear program of Iran]]. A report in ''[[The Friday Times]]'' contends that after taking over as Chief of Army Staff, General Aslam Beg began lobbying about "such cooperation with Iran" on nuclear technology as a part of his "''strategy of defiance''" of the [[United States]]. As chief of army staff, Beg had initiated lectureship programs on physics, chemistry, mathematics and engineering for [[Pakistan Armed Forces|inter-services officers]], by the Pakistani scientists serving their professors, to have better understanding on nuclear policy matters and policy development.<ref name="Stanford University Press"/>

Earlier, Beg had calculated that such cooperation with [[Iran]] was popular and that, [[Saudi Arabia]] and the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Persian Gulf Arabs]] were less popular as American clients in the region.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012" /> General Beg had encouraged dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan to proliferate technology to Iran and North Korea.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012" />

The speed with which he maintained the "new nuclear policy" leads one to speculate whether he simply wanted the "''obstacle''" of General Zia to disappear from the scene.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012" /> General Zia did not know or received any payments of such agreement; in fact, Zia did not know if Beg was in act with Iran.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012" /> Zia was deeply committed to the Arabs, especially to [[Saudi Arabia]], to create a restraint to contain the Iranian influence.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012" /> According to Ahmad, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] was shocked that Beg had signed a secret nuclear deal with Iran without telling him; therefore, the Prime minister abrogated the cooperation and tightened the security watch on A.Q. Khan.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012" /> However, in 2004 interview to [[PBS]], Beg clearly denied of his involvement with Iranian program and quoted:
{{blockquote |text=If [Benazir] government wasn't aware, how was I aware? I was army chief from 1988 to 1991. If we were never told what was happening beneath the surface when the Americans knew, when the British agencies knew, when they have claimed they have penetrated the entire system including Pakistan— so are they not guilty?|sign=Mirza Aslam Beg, 2004|source=source<ref name="PBS Frontline">{{cite news|last=PBS|title=General Mirza Aslam Beg: Former Army Foe of Musharraf|url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/pakistan/e.html|access-date=24 March 2013|newspaper=PBS Frontline|date=March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110073047/http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/pakistan/e.html|archive-date=10 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> }}

In 2005 interview to [[NBC]], Beg defended his and A.Q. Khan's ground and maintained to the NBC that "Nuclear Proliferators can't be stopped." Beg added that the [[Americans]] and [[Europeans]] have been engaged in [[nuclear proliferation]] as part of a concept, called "outsourcing nuclear capability", to friendly countries as a measure of defense against [[nuclear warfare|nuclear strike]].<ref name="spacewar">{{cite news|last=Beg|first=Mirza|title=Outside View: Nuke Proliferators Can't Be Stopped|url=http://www.spacewar.com/news/nuclear-blackmarket-05l.html|access-date=24 March 2013|newspaper=spacewar|date=7 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228221450/http://www.spacewar.com/news/nuclear-blackmarket-05l.html|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Beg pointed out that the "[[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons|nuclear non-proliferation regime]], therefore, is dying its natural death at the hands of those who are the exponents of the nuclear non-proliferation regime".<ref name="spacewar"/> Beg also theorized that "[[nuclear deterrent]] is what holds the strategic balance between the two or more belligerents".<ref name="spacewar"/>

===Accusation of role in Zia's death===
{{Main|Death of Zia-ul-Haq}}
According to an article in the [[The Express Tribune|Express Tribune]], Beg was in contact with senior scientist, Dr. [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]], about bringing [[Iran]] into the fold of "nuclear prowess" much to the annoyance of his superior and senior officer, General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]].<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012">{{cite news|last=Ahmed|first=Khaled|title=Who killed General Zia?|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/476508/who-killed-general-zia/|access-date=24 March 2013|newspaper=The Express Tribune, 2012|date=7 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223081336/http://tribune.com.pk/story/476508/who-killed-general-zia/|archive-date=23 February 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> At this point, without a green signal from President Zia-ul-Haq, Beg got acquainted with Dr. A.Q. Khan to secretly proliferate the technology crucial to master the nuclear fuel.<ref>{{cite book|last=Corera|first=Gordon|title=Shopping for bombs: nuclear proliferation, global insecurity, and the rise and fall of A.Q. Khan network|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-530495-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shoppingforbombs00core/page/59 59–60]|edition=[Online-Ausg.]|url=https://archive.org/details/shoppingforbombs00core/page/59}}</ref>

On 1 December 2012, President Zia's son [[Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq|Ijaz-ul-Haq]] maintained that it was Beg who was conspired behind the [[Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|death]] of [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|his father]].<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012" /> Earlier in 1988, the Shafiur Rehman Commission that was to establish the cause of the crash of [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]'s plane concluded that because of Army's obstruction in the investigation, the real perpetrators behind the attack cannot be brought forward.<ref>Khaled Ahmed. "The Death of Zia-ul-Haq" ''Criterion Quarterly'', April–June 2007 Issue — Vol. 2 No. 2</ref>

===Political activism===
Upon returning to civilian life, General Beg founded and established a policy [[think-tank]] institute in Islamabad, known as Foundation for Research on International Environment National Development and Security (Friends).<ref name="Friends NGO">{{cite web|last=Beg|first=Mirza|title=Foundation for Research on International Environment National Development and Security|url=http://ngos.pk/friends|publisher=Friends NGO|access-date=26 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729000351/http://ngos.pk/friends|archive-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> He is the current founding chairman of the Friends think-tank since its foundations.<ref name="Friends NGO"/>

Beg later founded the nationalist political party, the Awami Qaiyadat Party (lit. National Leadership Party) which continued to be a part of right-wing sphere.<ref name="Election Commission of Pakistan"/> Though his party gained no political prominence and failed to compete in national general elections, his party remains registered in the [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]] with [[Gun]] as its election symbol.<ref name="Election Commission of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=Election Commission of Pakistan|title=Awami Qiadat Party|url=http://elections.com.pk/partydetails.php?id=2|work=Election Commission of Pakistan|access-date=26 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407234526/http://elections.com.pk/partydetails.php?id=2|archive-date=7 April 2013}}</ref>

===Musharraf on Beg===
General Beg was one of many professor under whom Musharraf had studied at [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]].<ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine" /> Musharraf had high regards for Beg as one of his "significant professor" in his university years, but after [[September 11, 2001 attacks|11 September 2001]] they became estranged.<ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine" /> Beg was labelled as one of many professors at NDU who were called "pseudo-intellectuals" by Musharraf.<ref name="Pakistan Herald Magazine" /><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2008/01/23/nat2.htm Retired generals, officers of other ranks urge Musharraf to step down] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206195831/http://www.dawn.com/2008/01/23/nat2.htm |date=6 February 2008 }} ''Dawn Newspaper'', 23 January 2008</ref>

==Written works==
===Books ===
* {{cite book|last=Beg|first=Mirzā Aslam|title=National security: diplomacy and defence|year=1999|publisher=FRIENDS Publication|location=Rawalpindi|isbn=969-8199-13-6|page=93 |access-date=21 March 2013|url=http://111.68.99.107/libmax/opac/BookDetail.aspx?id=47637}}
* {{cite book|last=Beg|first=Mirza Aslam|title=Development and security: thoughts and reflections|year=1994|publisher=Foundation for Research and National Development and Security, FRIENDS|location=Rawalpindi, Pakistan|isbn=969-8199-01-2|page=252|url=http://111.68.99.107/libmax/opac/BookDetail.aspx?id=33344}}

===Articles===
* {{Cite magazine|title=Gen. Mirza Aslam Beg - From UP's Azamgarh, he called democratic polls after Zia's death; yet retains a sense of dissatisfaction|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/gen-mirza-aslam-beg/203595|last=Beg|first=Mirza Aslam|magazine=[[Outlook India]]|date=28 May 1997}}
* {{cite news|last=Beg|first=Mirza A.|title=The superpower under siege|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/10-Jul-2011/the-superpower-under-siege|access-date=24 March 2013|newspaper=The Nation|date=10 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217035559/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/10-Jul-2011/The-superpower-under-siege|archive-date=17 February 2013}}
* {{cite news|last=Beg|first=Mirza A.|title=Pak-US relations: Terms of engagement|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/21-Aug-2011/pakus-relations-terms-of-engagement|access-date=24 March 2013|newspaper=The Nation|date=21 August 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217035250/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/21-Aug-2011/PakUS-relations-Terms-of-engagement|archive-date=17 February 2013}}

== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Basalat.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=10 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=20 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=30 years Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=40 years Service Medal (Pakistan Armed Forces).png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Jamhuriat Tamgha 1988.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha Pakistan.svg|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tong-il Security Medal Ribbon.svg|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=US Legion of Merit Commander ribbon.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|width=130}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''(Military)'''

''(Order of Excellence)''
|'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]'''
'''(Military)'''

''(Crescent of Excellence)''
|'''[[Sitara-e-Basalat]]'''
''(Star of Valour)''
|'''[[Tamgha-e-Diffa]]'''
''(Defence Medal)''
|-
|[[Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War]]
''(War Star 1965)''
|[[Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War]]
''(War Star 1971)''
|'''[[Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1965)''
|'''[[Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
(''War Medal 1971'')
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|10 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|20 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|30 Years Service Medal]]'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Long service medals|40 Years Service Medal]]'''
|-
|'''[[Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''

''(100th Birth Anniversary of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''

'''1976'''
|'''[[Tamgha-e-Qayam-e-Jamhuria]]'''
''(Republic Commemoration Medal)''

'''1956'''
|'''[[Hijri Tamgha]]'''
''(Hijri Medal)''

'''1979'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Jamhuriat Tamgha]]'''
''(Democracy Medal)''

'''1988'''
|-
|'''[[Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha]]'''
''(Resolution Day''

''Golden Jubilee Medal)''

'''1990'''
|[[Order of National Security Merit|'''Tong il''']]
'''[[Order of National Security Merit]]'''

'''''([[South Korea]])'''''
|[[Legion of Merit|'''The Legion of Merit''']]

[[Legion of Merit|'''(Degree of Commander)''']]<ref name="US Dept of Army">{{cite web |date=30 March 1990 |title=Recipients of Legion of Merit |url=http://www.apd.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/go9006.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926143412/http://www.apd.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/go9006.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2017 |access-date=26 September 2017 |website=www.apd.army.mil |publisher=Department of the Army |location=The Pentagon |page=1 |language=en-us}}</ref>

'''''([[United States]])'''''
|'''[[Order of Abdulaziz al Saud|Order of King Abdul Aziz]]'''
'''[[Order of Abdulaziz al Saud|(1st Class)]]'''

'''''([[Saudi Arabia]])'''''
|}

=== Foreign decorations ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards'''
|-
!{{flag|South Korea}}
|[[Order of National Security Merit|'''Tong il''']] '''[[Order of National Security Merit]]'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tong-il Security Medal Ribbon.svg|width=130}}
|-
!{{flag|USA}}
|[[Legion of Merit|'''The Legion of Merit (Degree of Commander)''']]
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=US Legion of Merit Commander ribbon.png|width=130}}
|-
!{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|'''[[Order of Abdulaziz al Saud|Order of King Abdul Aziz - Class I]]'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|width=130}}
|}

== Further reading ==
*{{Cite web |title=The rise and steep fall of Mirza Aslam Baig, Pakistan's 'General Glasnost' |url=https://scroll.in/article/818071/the-rise-and-steep-fall-of-mirza-aslam-baig-pakistans-general-glasnost |last=Paracha |first=Nadeem F. |date=5 October 2016 |author-link=Nadeem Farooq Paracha |via=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Bibliography==
* Zahid Hussain. ''Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam'', New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
* {{cite book|last=Hussain|first=Ashfaq|title=Iqtidar Ki Majbooriyan (اقتدار کی مجبوریاں)|date=2021|trans-title=The compulsions of power}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100824194024/http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=151 Official profile at Pakistan Army website]
*[https://magazine.outlookindia.com/author/mirza-aslam-beg/8283 Articles by Mirza Aslam Beg] at ''[[Outlook India]]''

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=Sirdar Farooq Shaukat Khan Lodi}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of General Staff]]|years=1980–1985}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Safdar]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Khalid Mahmud Arif]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]]|years=1987–1988}}
{{s-aft|after=post abolished}}
{{succession box | title=[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]| before=[[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]| after=[[Asif Nawaz]]|years=1988–1991}}
{{s-end}}

{{Pakistan Army Staff Chief}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beg, Mirza Aslam}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Baloch Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Pakistan Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence University (Pakistan) alumni]]
[[Category:Special Services Group officers]]
[[Category:People of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National Defence University (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]
[[Category:Pakistani democracy activists]]
[[Category:Government of Benazir Bhutto staffers and personnel]]
[[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Military leaders of the Gulf War]]
[[Category:Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Pakistan Command and Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Karachi]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]

Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary

2026-01-17T13:20:05Z

TimDuncan875676: further adjust article as per guidelines and updated info to improve readability

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary
| image = File:Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary, Director-General of BSF in 2005 (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = R.S. Mooshahary in November 2005
| office = [[Governor of Meghalaya]]
| term_start = 1 July 2008
| term_end = 6 July 2013
| predecessor = [[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]]
| successor = [[Krishan Kant Paul]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1946}}
| birth_place = Odlaguri, Gossaigaon, [[Kokrajhar district]], [[Assam Province|Assam]], [[British Raj]]
| nationality = Indian
}}
'''Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary''' (born 1947) is an Indian politician who was the [[Governor of Meghalaya]], a state in northeast India, from 2008 to 2013 (1 July 2008 to 6 July 2013).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rai |first1=Tilak |last2=Kashyap |first2=Samudra Gupta |title=Mooshahary: from clerk to Governor in same city |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/mooshahary-from-clerk-to-governor-in-same-city |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=4 July 2008 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://meghalaya.nic.in/raj_bhavan/bio.htm |title=Bio-data of Shri Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918075953/http://meghalaya.nic.in/raj_bhavan/bio.htm |archive-date=18 September 2008 |website=meghalaya.nic.in |access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> Previously he was an IPS officer, director-general of [[National Security Guards]] (NSG) and the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF).

==Early life and education==
Mooshahary hails from the [[Bodo people|Bodo]] community.<ref name="Hindu"/> He was born in the village Odlaguri near Gossiagaon subdivision in [[Kokrajhar district]], now under the [[Bodoland Territorial Areas District]]s, of [[Assam]]. He completed his pre-university study in Union Christian College, Umiam and then graduated from [[St Anthonys College, Shillong]] with honours in Political Science.

==Career==
Mooshahary became an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer of the 1967 batch and was allotted the [[Kerala]] cadre. He worked on important assignments in Kerala and early on in his career in 1981-82 was commissioner of police of the city of Cochin. Later he held the offices of Inspector General of Police and chief of Crime Branch CID and lastly Director general of the Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau.

Apart from Kerala, Mooshahary has occupied several distinguished posts. He was in the Cabinet Secretariat and had served in the state of Assam, including at a later point in his career in this province's police force. He served in the federal Central Reserve Police Force as Deputy Inspector general and Inspector General during the late eighties and early nineties during which period he served in the states of Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan. He was appointed Director General of the elite [[National Security Guards]] (NSG) in February 2002.

He headed the NSG for nearly three years before being shifted as Director General of the [[Border Security Force|BSF]], one of the largest standing paramilitary border guarding forces in the world, in 2005.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/11/stories/2005011110480400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050113023139/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/11/stories/2005011110480400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2005 |title=BSF gets first Bodo DG |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 January 2005 |access-date=28 May 2019}}</ref> He was the first IPS officer from northeast India to be appointed the Director-General of the BSF, a position he held till his retirement from active service in February 2006. Mooshahary was awarded the Police Medal for Meritorious Service and the President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service. He has also served in the [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]], besides the state police force of Assam and has done a commendable job in combating terrorism, and contributing to the security of the Republic of India.

In March 2006, Mooshahary was appointed by the Governor of Assam as the first Chief Information Commissioner of the State under the [[Right to Information Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2009 |title=Former DGP appointed as Assam's Chief Information Commissioner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/former-dgp-appointed-as-assam-s-chief-information-commissioner/story-0Pge8Tfbet9BtpYPwIiKUJ.html |access-date=17 January 2026 |work=The Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Konwar |first=Ritu Raj |date=1 March 2006 |title=Former DG of BSF, R.S. Mooshahary being congratulate by Governor of Assam |url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=6977523 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=thehinduimages.com}}</ref> He was instrumental in operationalising the legislation and setting in motion the legal processes of redressal mandated therein and held this position up to his elevation to Governorship of Meghalaya State by the [[President of India]] for a 5-year term in 2008.

==See also==
* [[Government of Meghalaya]]
* [[Governors of Meghalaya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080918075953/http://meghalaya.nic.in/raj_bhavan/bio.htm Bio-data of His Excellency Shri Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary] [[Govt.]] of [[Meghalaya]] website.

{{Governors of Meghalaya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mooshahary, Ranjit Shekhar}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kokrajhar district]]
[[Category:Bodo people]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Governors of Meghalaya]]

Amit Khatri

2026-01-05T22:14:12Z

TimDuncan875676: started a entry.

{{Short description|Indian racewalker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Amit
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2003|12|25}}
| sport = [[Racewalking]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World Athletics U20 Championships|World U20 Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2021 World Athletics U20 Championships|2021 Nairobi]]|[[2021 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 10,000 metres walk|10,000 m walk]]}}
}}

'''Amit Khatri''', known [[mononymously]] as '''Amit''', is an Indian [[Racewalking|racewalker]] who competes in the [[10,000 metres race walk|10,000 m walk]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-22|title=Once lazy, racewalker Amit Khatri wins silver at U20 World Championship|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/racewalker-amit-wins-silver-at-u20-worlds-7464634/|access-date=2021-08-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He won the silver medal at the [[2021 World Athletics U20 Championships]] held in [[Nairobi|Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Athletics U20 Championships: India's Amit Khatri Wins Silver In 10,000m Race Walk {{!}} Athletics News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/athletics/world-athletics-u20-championships-indias-amit-wins-silver-in-10-000m-race-walk-2515501|access-date=2021-08-24|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rayan|first=Stan|title=Amit Khatri wins silver in 10000m race walk at World Athletics U20 Championships|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/amit-khatri-wins-silver-in-10000m-race-walk-at-world-athletics-u20-championships/article36028828.ece|access-date=2021-08-24|website=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Heristone Wanyonyi]]
* [[Shaili Singh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{World Athletics|india/amit-14862012}}
* [https://indianathletics.in/athlete-details/?id=11310 Amit] at the [[Athletics Federation of India]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khatri, Amit}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Athletes from Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian men race walkers]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}

Andaman masked owl

2025-12-31T02:07:28Z

TimDuncan875676: started entry.

{{Short description|Species of owl}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Andaman masked owl
| image = Andaman Masked Owl.jpg
| status = CITES_A2
| status_system = CITES
| status_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| genus = Tyto
| species = deroepstorffi
| authority = ([[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1875)
| range_map = Andaman_masked_owl_range.png
}}

The '''Andaman masked owl''' ('''''Tyto deroepstorffi''''') is a [[Barn-owl|barn owl]] [[endemism|endemic]] to the southern [[Andaman Islands]] [[archipelago]] of [[India]], in the [[Bay of Bengal]], [[Indian Ocean]].<ref name=Bruce2017>Bruce, M.D., Christie, D.A., Kirwan, G.M. & Marks, J.S. (2017). Common Barn-owl (''Tyto alba''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/54929 on 6 September 2017).</ref> Regarded by some authors as a [[subspecies]] of the common barn owl (''[[Western barn owl|Tyto alba]]''), it is recognized by others as a species in its own right.<ref name=Avibase/>

==Taxonomy==
The species was named by [[Allan Octavian Hume]] after the collector [[Frederik Adolph de Roepstorff]] who shot it at Aberdeen, Andamans. Hume placed it in the genus ''Strix''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Strix De-Roepstorffi, Sp.Nov. |pages=390–391| author=Hume, A.O.| journal=Stray Feathers|volume=3| year=1875|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30108038}}</ref> Some authors consider this bird to be a [[subspecies]] of the barn owl/[[western barn owl]] ''(Tyto alba)'',<ref name=Bruce2017 /> or the [[eastern barn owl]] (''Tyto javanica''),<ref name=Avibase>{{cite web |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=ED25900756CBA735 |title=Andaman Masked Owl: ''Tyto deroepstorffi'' (Hume, 1875) |publisher=Avibase |accessdate=11 April 2018}}</ref> but König, in his ''Owls of the World'', recognized it as a distinct species; one distinguishing feature is that it lacks the greyish veil, speckled with black and white, that all other races of ''Tyto alba'' / ''Tyto javanica'' possess.<ref name=Konig2009>{{cite book|author1=König, Claus |author2=Weick, Friedhelm |author3=Jan-Hendrik Becking|title=Owls of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rnz1c8olgWcC&pg=PP217 |year=2009 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4081-0884-0 |page=217}}</ref>

==Description==
The Andaman masked owl has a length of between {{convert|30|and|36|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} from head to tail, with the tail being {{convert|11|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} from its base. The longest primary measures 25-26 cm.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ali, Salim |title=Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 3 |author2=Ripley, S. Dillon |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1981 |edition=2 |place=Delhi}}</ref> It is almost uniformly dark reddish-brown above, with some speckling of buffish-orange, and a more yellowish torso than the common barn owl. The facial disc is pale, reddish-buff with a distinctive orange-brown margin. The eyes are blackish and the beak is creamy-white. The breast is golden-brown with blackish spots, paling towards the belly, which is whitish. The legs are fully feathered to near the feet. The toes are greyish-pink and the claws purplish-grey. The voice has been described as a rather high-pitched, short, rasping, descending shriek which terminates abruptly and is repeated several times.<ref name=Konig2009/>

==Distribution and habitat==
The Andaman masked owl is known only from the southern [[Andaman Islands]].<ref name=Avibase/> It occurs on the coastal plain, in fields and gardens with trees, and in human settlements. It is not thought to be [[Bird migration|migratory]].<ref name=Konig2009/>

==Ecology==
Little is known of the habits of this owl but they are likely to be similar to those of other related species. It is nocturnal, roosting during the day and emerging at dusk. It feeds on small rodents, and the bones of mice and rats have been found in regurgitated pellets beneath roosting places. It probably nests in cavities but details of its breeding habits are not known.<ref name=Konig2009/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q489866}}

[[Category:Tyto]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1875]]
[[Category:Birds of the Andaman Islands]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Andaman Islands]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of India]]

Devepora

2025-11-30T06:25:40Z

TimDuncan875676: added a stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Devepora
| other_name = Devpur Devpura
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34.19|N|74.72|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|union territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shopian district|Shopian]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_total = 1424 householders
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news |title=Dev Pora Population |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/3516-dev-pora-jammu-and-kashmir.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf |access-date=2018-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412235929/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf# |archive-date=2018-04-12 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Gujari language|Gujari]], [[Pahari language (Kashmir)|Pahari]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN Code
| postal_code = 192303
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Devepora''' (also known as ''Dev Pora'' or ''Devpura'') is a large village located in the forest block of [[Shopian district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/2015-ias-toppers-tina-dabi-athar-khan-break-social-stereotypes-to-tie-the-knot-1208011-2018-04-09 |website=indiatoday.in |title=2015 IAS toppers Tina Dabi, Athar Khan break social stereotypes to tie the knot |publisher=India Today |access-date=2018-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614184559/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/2015-ias-toppers-tina-dabi-athar-khan-break-social-stereotypes-to-tie-the-knot-1208011-2018-04-09# |archive-date=2018-06-14 |url-status=live}}</ref> The village is located in hill area of district [[Shopian]] which is 6 kilometers away from its town.<ref>{{cite news |title=CIVIL SECTT: FOREST DEPARTMENT (GOVERNMENT~OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR) |url=http://www.jkforest.gov.in/pdf/fca/go/2008/300_2008.PDF}}</ref> There is no [[hospital]] or [[Dispensary|primary health dispensary]].<ref>{{cite news |title=District Disaster Management Plan Of District Shopian |url=http://shopian.nic.in/Downloads/DMP.pdf |access-date=2018-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701034445/http://shopian.nic.in/Downloads/DMP.pdf# |archive-date=2017-07-01 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Population==
According to 2011 census, Devepora has a total of 1,424 families. The village has population of 8,275 of which 4,514 are males while remaining 3,761 are females. The average sex ratio of Devepora village is 833. The village has very low literacy rates compared to other villages in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. In Devepora Male literacy stands at 38.66% while female literacy rate was 21.82%.<ref>{{cite news |title=DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf |access-date=2018-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412235929/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf# |archive-date=2018-04-12 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dev Pora Population, Caste, Working Data Shupiyan, Jammu and Kashmir - Census 2011 |url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/villages/dev-pora-population-shupiyan-jammu-and-kashmir-3516 |access-date=2018-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190743/https://www.censusindia.co.in/villages/dev-pora-population-shupiyan-jammu-and-kashmir-3516# |archive-date=2018-10-21 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DISTRICT SHOPIAN |url=http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/pdf/panchayat%20election%202017/Panchayat%20gazzete%20notification/SHOPIAN.pdf |access-date=2018-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190822/http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/pdf/panchayat%20election%202017/Panchayat%20gazzete%20notification/SHOPIAN.pdf# |archive-date=2018-10-21 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Shopian district]]

Muhammad Jalaluddin Khan

2025-11-26T02:44:46Z

TimDuncan875676: quick fix

{{Short description|Nawab of Radhanpur (1889–1936)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCIE}} [[Nawab of Radhanpur]]
| image = Muhammad Jalal ud-din Khan.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| succession = [[Nawab of Radhanpur]]
| reign = 25 Feb 1910 – 4 December 1936
| predecessor = [[Mohammad Shir Khan II]]
| successor = [[Mortaza Khan (Nawab of Radhanpur)|Mortaza Khan]]
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1889|4|2}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1936|12|4|1889|4|2}}
| spouse =
| house = [[Babi dynasty]]
}}

'''Nawab Sir Muhammad Jalaluddin Khan''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCIE}} (2 April 1889 – 4 December 1936) was the [[Nawab of Radhanpur|Nawab of the princely state of Radhanpur]] in the [[British Raj|British India]]. He married his first cousin Bima Husen Bakto who died in 1916, and then married Shah Begum Saheba, daughter of Sardar Sahib Khan Muhammed Khan of [[Amritsar]]. He died on 4 December 1936 and was succeeded by his cousin.

His state mainly comprised the town of [[Radhanpur]] in [[Gujarat]] with some adjoining areas. It was surrounded by a loopholed wall; the town was formerly known for its export trade in [[rapeseed]], grains and cotton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imperial Gazetter of India, Volume 21, page 24 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_030.gif|access-date=2021-05-19|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Nawabs of India]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]

B. S. Sannaiah

2025-11-10T23:18:10Z

TimDuncan875676: started new stub.

{{Short description|Indian writer (1928–2021)}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date= May 2021}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = B.S Sannaiah
| honorific_prefix= Shri
| image = B.S_Sannaiah.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = B.S Sannaiah in 2013
| pseudonym = B.S Sannaiah
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|06|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = Bhoganahalli, [[Piriyapatna]], [[Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date|2021|05|12|df=y}}
| death_place = Paduvaralli, [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| parents =
| occupation = Writer, Editor, Textual critic of kannada & jain manuscripts
| language = [[Kannada]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Mysore]]
| genre = [[Textual criticism]] [[Translator]] [[Editor]] [[ಗ್ರಂಥ ಸಂಪಾದಕ]]
| notableworks = ''Vardhamana Purana by Nagavarma(ವರ್ಧಮಾನ ಪುರಾಣ)'', ''Neminatha Purana by Nemichandra(ನೇಮಿನಾಥ ಪುರಾಣ)'', ''Thorave ramayana by kumara valmiki(ತೊರವೆ ರಾಮಾಯಣ)'',''Rajaavali kathasaara by Devachandra(ರಾಜಾವಳೀ ಕಥಾಸಾರ)''
| spouse = Jayalakshmamma (1951)
| children = 1 Son,6 daughters.
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] Chavundaraya Prashasti Suvarna gowrava prashasthi
| website =
}}

'''B.S Sannaiah''' (18 June 1928 - 12 May 2021) was an Indian writer in [[Kannada]] language. He was born in Bhoganahalli, [[Piriyapatna]] talluk, [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]]. He worked as a Editor, Textual critic and a follower and protector of ancient Archaic works & manuscripts. He had undertaken study and research in various manuscript works in Kannada & jain literature and made some of the major contributions in the field.<ref name="SapnaBookhouse">{{cite news |title= books authored by B.S Sannaiah on sapna book house |url=https://www.sapnaonline.com/shop/author/bs-sannaiah |accessdate=27 September 2021 |work=[[Sapna Book House]]}}</ref><ref name="BookBrahma">{{cite news |title= ಬಿ.ಸ್ ಸಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ About the author on book brahma |url=https://www.bookbrahma.com/author/b-s-sannaiah |work=Bookbrahma.com- Kannada |accessdate=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Star of mysore">{{cite news |title= ಹಿರಿಯ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸ ಬಿ.ಎಸ್‌. ಸಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ ನಿಧನ |url=https://starofmysore.com/b-s-sannaiah/ |work= Star of Mysore |accessdate= 14 May 2021}}</ref>

==Early life==
B.S Sannaiah was born on June 18, 1928, in Bhoganahalli [[Piriyapatna]] [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]] to C. Sannegowda and Boramma couple. Sannaiah's elementary schooling started in Koolimata Bhoganahalli [[Piriyapatna]], [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]] and continued his schooling in Ravandhur.In 1949, He completed his SSLC at [[krishnarajanagara]]. He continued his college studies in Yuvaraja college [[Mysore]]. From [[University of Mysore]] He obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]] degree in 1954 and [[Master of Arts|M.A]] degree in the Kannada language (1955). he had also obtained [[Bachelor of Library Science]] from [[University of Mysore]] in 1966. He had perceived a Diploma Course in Archives keeping from National archives of India, Delhi.<ref name="Andolana">{{cite news |title= ಅನನ್ಯ ಸಾಧಕ ಬಿ.ಸ್ ಸಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ |url=http://epaper.andolana.in/epaper.php?edn=Main&isid=ANDOLANABC_MAI_20210518&pid=ANDOLANABC_MAI#Page/8/Article/ANDOLANABC_MAI_20210518_8_3/333px/1FE3165 |date = 18 May 2021|work= Andolana - Kannada newspaper}}</ref><ref name="BookBrahma"/>

==Career==
In 1956, B.S Sannaiah had started the profession as assistant editor and later as assistant director(1958) in [[Oriental Research Institute Mysore]].From 1966-1967, He worked as Assistant Librarian at University of Mysore [https://uni-mysore.ac.in/english-version/library/].He also worked as assistant director in ಕುವೆಂಪು ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ editing section (1972). Later he worked as deputy director(in charge) for editing section of ಕುವೆಂಪು ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ, Manasa Gangotri, [[Mysore]] in 1986. He retired from the university of Mysore in 1988.<ref name="BookBrahma"/><ref name="Andolana"/>

Upon his retirement from the University of Mysore, From 1993 to 2020 he had worked as Head of department(Manuscript division) National Institute of Prakrit Studies and Research,<ref name="icbse">{{cite news |title=National institute of prakrith science n research |url=https://www.icbse.com/colleges/national-institute-of-prakrit-studies-and-research-shravana-evqdpl}}</ref> [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Karnataka]]

== Personal life ==
B.S Sannaiah was married to JayaLakshmamma. The couple had six daughters and a son.

==Literary works==
B.S Sannaiah's areas of work include ancient [[Kannada literature]], Jainology and [[textual criticism]].Sannaiah had published more than ninety five books in various genres of literature such as [[literary criticism]], [[Textual criticism]], [[Travel literature]], [[Translation]].<ref name="Andolana"/>

B.S Sannaiah's important publications are noted below :<ref name="BookBrahma"/> Most of the books of B S Sannaiah can be found with sapna book house<ref name="SapnaBookhouse"/><ref name="Books by Sannaiah">{{cite news |title= Books authored by B.S Sannaiah published on exoticindiaart site |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book-author/b%20s%20sannaiah/ |work=exoticindiaart.com |accessdate=27 September 2021}}</ref>

=== Swarachita (ಸ್ವರಚಿತ) ===
* Grantha samrakshane (ಗ್ರಂಥ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ)
* Hasthaprathishasthra parichaya( ಹಸ್ತಪ್ರತಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಪರಿಚಯ)
* Bhanduvarma (ಬಂಧುವರ್ಮ)
* Praacheena kannada grantha sampadane(ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕನ್ನಡ ಗ್ರಂಥ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ)
* Pampa Mahakavi (ಪಂಪ ಮಹಾಕವಿ)
* Vachana sahithyadalli marithandegalu (ವಚನ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾರಿತಂದೆಗಳು)
* Shakthi kavi ranna (ಶಕ್ತಿ ಕವಿ ರನ್ನ)
* Kannadadhalli theerthankara kavyagalu (ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ಕಾವ್ಯಗಳು)
* Praacheena kannada kavyagalu (ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕನ್ನಡ ಕಾವ್ಯಗಳು)

=== Textual criticism\Script editing (ಗ್ರಂಥ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ)===

=== Champoo (ಚಂಪೂ)===
* Vardhamana Purana - Nagavarma (ವರ್ಧಮಾನ ಪುರಾಣ)
* Neminatha Purana - Nemichandra (ನೇಮಿನಾಥ ಪುರಾಣ)
* Harivamshabhyudayam - Bandhuvarma (ಹರಿವಂಶಾಭ್ಯುದಯಂ)
* Jeevasambodhanam - Bandhuvarma (ಜೀವಸಂಬೋಧನಂ)
* SaahasaBhimavijayam - Ranna (ಸಾಹಸಭೀಮವಿಜಯಂ) - ರಾಗೌ ಜೊತೆ
* Ajitanaathapuraanatilakam - Ranna (ಅಜಿತನಾಥಪುರಾಣತಿಲಕಂ)- ರಾಗೌ ಜೊತೆ
* Ratnakarandaka -aayathavarma (ರತ್ನಕರಂಡಕ)
* pushpanjali mattu jeevadayaashtami nompigalu - chandana varni
* theerthankara vardhamaana kannada kavya samputa - Nagavarma (ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವರ್ಧಮಾನ ಕನ್ನಡ ಕಾವ್ಯ ಸಂಪುಟ)

=== Shatpadi (ಷಟ್ಪದಿ) ===
* Thorave ramayana - kumara valmiki (ತೊರವೆ ರಾಮಾಯಣ)
* Jaimini bharata - Lakshmeesha (ಜೈಮಿನಿ ಭಾರತ) - ರಾಗೌ ಜೊತೆ
* Dronaparva sangraha - kumaravyasa (ದ್ರೋಣಪರ್ವ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ) - ಹೆಚ್ ನರಸಣ್ಣ ಜೊತೆ

=== Saangathya (ಸಾಂಗತ್ಯ) ===

* Sobagina Sone - Deparaja (ಸೊಬಗಿನ ಸೋನೆ)
* Madanamohiniya kathe - narasimha(ಮದನಮೋಹಿನಿಯ ಕಥೆ)
* Basava shikhamani - jeenasena dheshavrati (ಬಸವ ಶಿಖಾಮಣಿ)
* bhujabali charithe - Padma rasa (ಭುಜಬಲಿ ಚರಿತೆ)
* Madanachakreshwara charite - Devarasa (ಮದನಚಕ್ರೇಶ್ವರ ಚರಿತೆ)
* Mohana tharangini sangraha - kanakadasa (ಮೋಹನ ತರಂಗಿಣೀ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ)
* Parshvanatha charite - Shantikeertimuni (ಪಾರ್ಶ್ವನಾಥ ಚರಿತೆ)
* Purudeva charite - Shantikeertimuni (ಪುರುದೇವ ಚರಿತೆ)
* Mruthyunjaya charite - doddanaanka (ಮೃತ್ಯುಂಜಯ ಚರಿತೆ)
* Soori panditha charite - kamalahvaya (ಸೂರಿ ಪಂಡಿತ ಚರಿತೆ)

=== Vachanagalu (ವಚನಗಳು) ===
* Molige marayyana vachanagalu (ಮೋಳಿಗೆ ಮಾರಯ್ಯನ ವಚನಗಳು)
* Kolashantayya mattu madhuvayyagala vachanagalu (ಕೋಲಶಾಂತಯ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಮಧುವಯ್ಯಗಳ ವಚನಗಳು)
* Shivalenka manchanna mattu dakkeya bommannagala vachanagalu (ಶಿವಲೆಂಕ ಮಂಚಣ್ಣ ಮತ್ತು ಢಕ್ಕೆಯ ಬೊಮ್ಮಣ್ಣಗಳ ವಚನಗಳು)
* Arivina maritandhegala vachanagalu (ಅರಿವಿನ ಮಾರಿತಂದೆಗಳ ವಚನಗಳು)
* Babbi bachayya mattu meremindayyagala vachanagalu (ಬಬ್ಬಿ ಬಾಚಯ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಮೆರೆಮಿಂಡಯ್ಯಗಳ ವಚನಗಳು)
* Urilingayya mattu gajeshamasanayyana vachanagalu (ಉರಿಲಿಂಗಯ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಗಜೇಶಮಸಣಯ್ಯನ ವಚನಗಳು)
* Devara dasimayyana vachanagalu (ದೇವರ ದಾಸಿಮಯ್ಯನ ವಚನಗಳು)
* Yakshagaana sahithya - Aliya lingaraja (ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ)

=== Others (ಇತರೆ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು) ===
* Rajaavali kathasaara - Devachandra (ರಾಜಾವಳೀ ಕಥಾಸಾರ)
* Sathidharmasaara - Bandhuvarma (ಸತಿಧರ್ಮಸಾರ)
* Neethi saarodaya (ನೀತಿಸಾರೋದಯ)
* Sahithya sourabha (ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸೌರಭ)
* Kavyavalokana (ಕಾವ್ಯಾವಲೋಕನ)
* Sakalavaidhya samhithaasaararnava(ಸಕಲವೈದ್ಯ ಸಂಹಿತಾಸಾರಾರ್ಣವ)
* Vaidhyakanda -Bhommayya (ವೈದ್ಯಕಂದ)
* OshadhiKosha (ಓಷಧಿಕೊಶ)

=== Travel story (ಪ್ರವಾಸಕಥನ ) ===
* Naanu hogidde amerikege(ನಾನು ಹೋಗಿದ್ದೆ ಅಮೆರಿಕೆಗೆ)

=== Descriptive indexes (ಸೂಚಿಗಳು) ===
* Kannada hastha pratigala varnanathmaka soochigalu (Descriptive Catalogue ofKannada Manuscripts) (ಕನ್ನಡ ಹಸ್ತಪ್ರತಿಗಳ ವರ್ಣನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸೂಚಿಗಳು)<ref name="Archives">{{cite news |title=ಬಿ.ಸ್ ಸಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ |url=https://archive.org/details/kannadahastaprat0000bssa/page/n5/mode/2up |accessdate=27 September 2021 |work= [[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
* Kannada hastha pratigala microfilm soochi(ಕನ್ನಡ ಹಸ್ತಪ್ರತಿಗಳ ಮೈಕ್ರೋಫಿಲ್ಮ್ ಸೂಚಿ)
* Prakruth hastha pratigala varnanathmaka soochigalu(Descriptive Catalogue of prakruth Manuscripts)(ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ ಹಸ್ತಪ್ರತಿಗಳ ವರ್ಣನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸೂಚಿಗಳು)
* sanskrit hastha pratigala varnanathmaka soochigalu(Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts)(ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಹಸ್ತಪ್ರತಿಗಳ ವರ್ಣನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸೂಚಿಗಳು)

=== Translation (ಅನುವಾದ ) ===
* Vastu sangrahalayadha moola thathvagalu(ವಸ್ತು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ಮೂಲ ತತ್ವಗಳು) - Fundamentals of museum by Dr M.L Nigam in english
* Amarukaviya premageethegalu(ಅಮರುಕವಿಯ ಪ್ರೇಮಗೀತೆಗಳು) - Amaruka in sanskrit by Amarukavi
* Jeevasambodhane(ಜೀವಸಂಬೋಧನೆ) - Original by Banduvarma
* khagendramanidarpanam(ಖಗೇಂದ್ರಮಣಿದರ್ಪಣಂ) - Original by Mangaraja

=== Thathva grantahgalu (ತತ್ವಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು) ===
* Gommatasaara(ಗೊಮ್ಮಟಸಾರ (ಕೇಶವಣ್ಣನ ಕನ್ನಡ ಟೀಕು ಸಹಿತ) ಮೊದಲಬಾರಿಗೆ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ)
* Anubhavamrutha - Mahalingaranga(ಅನುಭವಾಮೃತ)

=== Congratulatory book (ಅಭಿನಂದನಾ ಗ್ರಂಥ) ===
* ಸಣ್ಣಯ್ಯನವರ ಅಭಿನಂದನಾ ಗ್ರಂಥ "ಪರಿಣತ" from ಡಾ. ರಾಗೌ & ಡಾ. ಬೋರೇಗೌಡ ಚಿಕ್ಕಮರಳಿ.<ref name="Parinatha">{{cite news |title=Congratulatory book on B.S Sannaiah on his works |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=scZLuwEACAAJ|author1 = Ragau|last2 = Chikkamarali|first2 = Boregauḍa|year = 2013 |accessdate=27 September 2021 |work=[[Google Books]] }}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
* B.S Sannaiah was President of the 13th [[Kannada Sahitya Sammelana]] (Mysore district Kannada Literary Conference) held at [[Bannur]] in July, 2014.<ref name="Vijayakarnataka">{{cite news |title=ಬನ್ನೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ 27,28ಕ್ಕೆ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/mysuru/literature-conferences-mysore-bannur/articleshow/38980423.cms |accessdate= 27 September 2021|work= [[Vijaya Karnataka]]}}</ref>
*[[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]] for "ನೇಮಿನಾಥ ಪುರಾಣ" (1961)<ref name="Andolana"/>
* B.S Sannaiah was President of the ಅಖಿಲ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ನಾಲ್ಕನೆಯ ಹಸ್ತಪ್ರತಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನಾಧ್ಯಕ್ಷರಾಗಿ ಗೌರವ ಸಂದಿದೆ.<ref name="BookBrahma"/>
*[[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]] for "ನೇಮಿನಾಥ ಪುರಾಣ" (1961)<ref name="Andolana"/>
*[[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]] for "ವರ್ಧಮಾನ ಪುರಾಣ" (1974)
* Devaraja bahaddur award for "ವರ್ಧಮಾನ ಪುರಾಣ" (1974)
* ತೀ ನಂ ಶ್ರೀಕಂಠಯ್ಯ award for "ವರ್ಧಮಾನ ಪುರಾಣ" (1974)
*[[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]] for "ಸಾಹಸಭೀಮ ವಿಜಯ" (1985)
*[[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]] for "ಅಜಿತತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ಪುರಾಣ" (1988)
*[[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]] for "ಜೈಮಿನಿ ಭಾರತ" (1993)
* ತೀ ನಂ ಶ್ರೀಕಂಠಯ್ಯ award for "ಜೈಮಿನಿ ಭಾರತ" (1993)
* Swasti Sri Deevendrakeerthi Bhattraka award for "ಪಾರ್ಶ್ವನಾಥ ಚರಿತ" (1995)
* Shri Gommatesha vidhyapeeta award, [[Shravanabelagola]]
* Shri Chavundaraya award from kannada sahitya parishat(1999)
* P. Shanthilal award for "ಜೀವ ಸಂಬೋಧನಂ" (2001)
* P. Shanthilal award for "ರತ್ನ ಕರಂಡಕಂ" (2002)
* B.S Sannaiah was President of the 4th Jain sahithya sammelana (2004)
* Sediyapu award ,ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕವಿ ಮಂಜೇಶ್ವರ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, [[Udupi]] ( 2004)
* Dakshina Kesari Kannada Sahitya Award, Lion's club, [[Mysore]]
* Manuscript expert award from [[Kannada University]] (2006)
* P. Shanthilal award for "ಪಂಪಮಹಾಕವಿ" (2007)
* Swasti Sri Deevendrakeerthi award for "ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವರ್ಧಮಾನ ಕಾವ್ಯಾ ಸಂಪುಟ" (2011)
* Kumarashri award [[Bagalkot]] (2012)
* Shri Sahithya award from BM Sri Memorial Foundation [[Bangalore]] (2015)
* Shamba Joshi award (2015)
* Suvarna gowrava prashasthi from [[Karnataka Sahitya Academy]] (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ)(2017)
* Siddhantha Keerthi award" from Hombuja [[Shivamogga]], [[Karnataka]]<ref name="Hombuja">{{cite news |title=B.S Sannaiah chosen for Siddhantha keerthi award|url=https://hombujapadmavati.org/news-updates/2020-news/b-s-sannaiah-chosen-for-siddhantha-keerthi-award/ |accessdate= 27 September 2021 |work= - Hombujakeerthi foundation - Kannada literature}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External References==
[https://www.sapnaonline.com/shop/author/bs-sannaiah B.S Sannaiah Books at Sapna books]
[https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book-author/b%20s%20sannaiah/]
[https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7095657.B_S_Sannaiah]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sannaiah, B. S.}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Mysore]]
[[Category:University of Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:People from Mysore district]]

Bemina

2025-11-04T05:51:13Z

TimDuncan875676: improved formatting also and fixed typos for consistency

{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bemina
| native_name = Bemyun (pronounced in Kashmiri language)
| native_name_lang = Kashmiri language
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates = {{coord|34|3|12|N|74|45|43|E| display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1,585
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], English<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code = 190018
| registration_plate = JK
| website = {{url|http://srinagar.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bemina''' or '''Bemyun''' is a region in the city of [[Srinagar]], the [[summer capital]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. It is in the heart of the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir just about {{cvt|4|km}} from [[Lal Chowk]]. It lies in the [[Batamaloo]] Assembly Constituency, [[Batamaloo]] assembly segment of the [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]] parliamentary constituency.

==Etymology==
Bemina was originally called "Abhimanyupur".<ref name="Abhi">{{Cite book |last=Raina |first=Mohini Qasba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bb-QBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA264 |title=Kashur The Kashmiri Speaking People |date=2014-11-13 |publisher=Partridge Publishing Singapore |isbn=978-1-4828-9945-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rabbani |first=G. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=00duAAAAMAAJ |title=Kashmir, social and cultural history |date=1986 |publisher=Anmol Publications |page=29 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Bemina was a nabal before it was developed by srinagar development
authority .<ref name="Abhi"/>

==Flood plain==
Bemina was settled on the local floodplains of adjoining rivers. Unplanned and haphazard construction led to usurpation of flood plains. A direct consequence of this is that it is one of the most flood prone areas in the Srinagar city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2017/10/04/how-convergence-of-bemina-from-flood-basin-to-residential-area-endangered-srinagar/|title = How conversion of Bemina from flood basin to residential area endangered Srinagar | Free Press Kashmir|date = 4 October 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}
{{Municipalities of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Kashmir Valley}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Srinagar]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Srinagar district]]

Vinayaditya of Podana

2025-10-07T17:46:50Z

TimDuncan875676: Adding the article needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
'''Vinayaditya''' (r. c. 750-775 CE) alias '''Yuddhamalla I''', was an Indian ruler from the [[Chalukyas of Vemulavada|Vemulavada Chalukya]] dynasty. He was most probably a vassal of the [[Rashtrakuta]] king [[Dantidurga]], and his capital was likely located at Podana (modern [[Bodhan]]); his successors moved the capital to [[Vemulawada, Karimnagar district|Vemulavada]].

== Rule over Sapadalaksha ==
{{Location map
|India
|label = Vemulavada
|position = left
|lat = 18.46811
|long = 78.86713
|caption = Location of Vemulavada (Vemulawada) in modern India
|float = right
|width = 250
}}
{{Chalukyas of Vemulavada}}
A Vemulavada inscription states that Vinayaditya ruled over the Sapadalaksha country, which could not be governed by others.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=14}} The Sanskrit term "Sapadalaksha" (or "Savalakhkhe" in vernacular, literally "125,000 [villages or revenue units]") has been used to describe several distinct regions in the early medieval Indian records, including the [[Sapadalaksha]] area in present-day [[Rajasthan]].{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=14-17}}

Some scholars, including N Venkataramanayya identify the Sapadalaksha of the Vemulavada inscription with the Sapadalaksha of present-day Rajasthan.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=17-18}}{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=17}} According to this theory, Vinayaditya probably accompanied his overlord [[Dantidurga]] during the [[Rashtrakuta]] campaigns against the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s, and controlled a part of Rajasthan during the Rashtrakuta occupation of that territory.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=17-18}} The Vemulavada inscription also credits Vinayaditya with conquering the reputedly inaccessible Chitrakuta fort, although other records of the dynasty, such as the ''Vikramarjuna Vijayam'' and the [[Parbhani]] copper-plate inscription, do not mention this conquest.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=14}} According to Venkataramanayya, it is possible that the conquered fort was the modern [[Chittor Fort]] (originally called "Chitrakuta"), located in the ancient Sapadalaksha region.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=18}}

However, other scholars, including [[Madhusudan Dhaky]] and Jaisetty Ramanaiah, identify the Sapadalaksha of the Vemulavada inscription with Kosavalam Savalakhe, a historical region in present-day [[Telangana]].{{sfn|Madhusudan A. Dhaky|1996|p=413}}{{sfn|Jaisetty Ramanaiah|1989|p=22}} This region was centered around Podana (modern [[Bodhan]]), which was probably Vinayaditya's capital.{{sfn|Jaisetty Ramanaiah|1989|p=22}} The Vemulavada inscription states that Vinayaditya had his elephants bathed in a reservoir filled with oil, at Podana. [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]]'s ''[[Vikramarjuna Vijaya|Vikramarjuna Vijayam]]'' similarly states that he had 500 elephants bathed in several ''dirghikas'' (ponds) filled with oil.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=14}}

== Purported conquests ==

The [[Kollipara]] copper-plate inscription attributed to Vinayaditya's son [[Arikesari I]] portrays him as a great conqueror, but this inscription is of doubtful authenticity.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=75}} It states that Vinayaditya subjugated several kingdoms including [[Turkic peoples|Turushka]], [[Yavana]], [[Kashmira]], [[Kambojas|Kambhoja]], [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]], [[Malava]], [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga]], [[Pallava]], [[Pandya]], and [[Chera|Kerala]]. These claims of conquests are grossly exaggerated, and other records of the dynasty ignore these supposed conquests.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=13}} It is possible that Vinayaditya participated in the military campaigns of his overlord Dantidurga, whose [[Ellora Caves#The Dashavatara: Cave 15|Ellora Dashavatara cave]] inscription credits the Rashtrakuta king with defeating the kings of Kalinga, Malava, and other kingdoms.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=17-18}}

== Successors ==

Vinayaditya had two sons, [[Arikesari I]] and Biragriha; Arikesari succeeded him on the throne.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=19}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Jaisetty Ramanaiah |title=Temples of South India: A Study of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist Monuments of the Deccan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztjVAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Concept |isbn=978-81-7022-223-1 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kolluru Suryanarayana |title=Inscriptions of the Minor Chalukya Dynasties of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4PCyXslrNsC |year=1993 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-216-5 }}
* {{cite book |author=Madhusudan A. Dhaky |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture |volume=1 - Part 3: South India - Upper Dravidadesa, Later phase A.D. 973- 1326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1GzJRNhnnsC |year=1996 |publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies |isbn=978-81-86526-00-2 }}
* {{cite book |author=N Venkataramanayya |title=The Chālukyas of L(V)ēmulavāḍa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8k7_1PaFCsCx |publisher=Archaeological Department, Government of Hyderabad |year=1953 |oclc=958874923 }}
{{ref end}}

[[Category:Chalukya kings of Vemulavada]]
[[Category:8th-century Indian monarchs]]

Shivshankar Singh Patel

2025-09-13T22:24:59Z

TimDuncan875676: Adding initial bio nd citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}

'''Shivshankar Singh Patel''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Samajwadi Party]]. He was a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], elected three times from [[Baberu Assembly constituency|Baberu]], and was a [[Minister of State (India)|Minister of State]] in [[Kalyan Singh]]'s [[Uttar Pradesh Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=लाइव |first=एबीपी |date=2024-01-31 |title=बांदा चित्रकूट में सपा ने BJP के खिलाफ खेला बड़ा दांव? शिवशंकर पटेल को बनाया उम्मीदवार |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/lok-sabha-election-2024-sp-made-shivshankar-singh-patel-candidate-in-banda-chitrakoot-2599158 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | date=2024-02-06 |title=Election 2024 : कौन है शिव शंकर सिंह पटेल, जिनको बांदा से अखिलेश ने उतारा मैदान में. ? |url=https://bharatsamachartv.in/election-2024-who-is-shiv-shankar-singh-patel-whom-akhilesh-fielded-from-banda/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Bharat Samachar {{!}} Hindi News Channel |language=en-US}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], was expelled after he protested against his party in 2021 and joined the Samajwadi Party the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=भाजपा को बड़ा झटका: शिव शंकर सिंह पटेल ने थामा समाजवादी पार्टी का दामन |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/banda/shivshankar-singh-patel-joins-samajwadi-party |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Former BJP Leader Shivshankar Singh Patel To Be SP's Candidate From Banda Constituency">{{cite news |title=Former BJP Leader Shivshankar Singh Patel To Be SP's Candidate From Banda Constituency |url=https://timelinedaily.com/elections/former-bjp-leader-shivshankar-singh-patel-to-be-sps-candidate-from-banda-constituency |access-date=22 March 2025 |publisher=TimelineDaily |date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322155543/https://timelinedaily.com/elections/former-bjp-leader-shivshankar-singh-patel-to-be-sps-candidate-from-banda-constituency |archive-date=22 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="SP blindsides Congress with second surprise within days, names 16 Lok Sabha candidates">{{cite news |title=SP blindsides Congress with second surprise within days, names 16 Lok Sabha candidates |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/sp-blindsides-congress-with-second-surprise-within-days-names-16-ls-candidates-9135885/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322160301/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/sp-blindsides-congress-with-second-surprise-within-days-names-16-ls-candidates-9135885/ |archive-date=22 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Shivshankar Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Hoode Beach

2025-09-13T12:36:44Z

TimDuncan875676: new info...

{{Short description|Beach}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
'''Hoode Beach''' is located in a small fishing village near Kodi Bengere in [[Udupi]] district, [[Karnataka]]. The beach is located around 18 km away from Udupi city and is positioned right in between [[Kadike Beach]] and [[Delta Beach]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Perfect Breaks to Beat the Pandemic Blues|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/70782/5-places-to-enliven-post-pandemic-travel|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/|language=en}}</ref> This beach is very scenic and is a popular destination for shooting movie scenes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Udupi: ‘Anweshi’—Hundreds throng beach for glimpse of movie stars|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=273193|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.daijiworld.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Shaka Surf Club ==
Shaka Surf Club is the first and the only surfing institute in this region that provides training for [[surfing]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India TV News|date=2015-04-06|title=India's first woman pro surfer fulfilled The Shaka Surf Club's dream- India TV News|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-first-woman-pro-surfer-turns-dream-into-startup-49396.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref> This club was established by Tushar Pathiyan and Ishita Malaviya in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|author=George Ramsay|title=India's first professional female surfer is changing her country's perception of the ocean|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/19/sport/surfing-ishita-malaviya-lauren-hill-spt-intl-cmd/index.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=CNN}}</ref> [[Ishita Malaviya]], is considered as India's first professional female surfer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coldwell|first=Will|date=2014-02-05|title=Surfing in India: catching waves from coast to coast|url=http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2014/feb/05/surfing-in-india-catching-waves-coast|access-date=2021-09-15|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Beaches of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Udupi district]]

{{Udupi-geo-stub}}

Ghum railway station

2025-09-09T04:19:37Z

TimDuncan875676: further adjust details based on references and updated info

{{short description|Railway station in India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Ghoom railway station
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| address = Hill Cart Road, Ghoom, [[Darjeeling]] [[West Bengal]]
| borough =
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27.0077589|88.253708|display=inline}}
| map_type = India#India West Bengal
| owned =
| operator =
| line = [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]]
| distance =
| platforms = 2<ref name="ghum">{{cite web |title=GHUM/Ghoom |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/ghoom-ghum/1611 |website=Indiarailinfo |access-date=17 February 2019}}</ref>
| tracks =
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible =
| code = GHUM
| zone =
| website = http://dhr.in.net/
| opened = {{Start date|1881|04|04|df=y}}
| closed = 
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services =
| other_services =
}}

'''Ghum railway station''' of the [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] is situated at an altitude of {{convert|7,407|ft|m|order=flip}}.<ref name = "Guide">Agarwala, A.P. (editor), ''Guide to Darjeeling Area'', 27th edition, p. 53-55, {{ISBN|81-87592-00-1}}.</ref> The place is the home of the [[Ghum Monastery]] and the [[Batasia Loop]], a bend of the [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]].

[[File:Ghum Railway station.jpg|thumb|left|Ghum, railway station at {{cvt|2257|m}}, the highest point of [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]]]]
[[File:A train of Darjeeling Himalayan Railway at Ghoom Station.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Himalayan Bird]]

Construction of the [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] started in 1879 and the railway track reached Ghum on 4 April 1881. Until 1878, the journey from Kolkata to Darjeeling took 5–6 days — using steam-engine-pulled trains, crossing the [[Ganges]] by steam ferry at Sahebganj, and then using bullock carts and palanquins. In 1878, Siliguri was put on the railway map of India, cutting down the journey to two days.<ref name = "Guide"/> In 2007, the train journey from Kolkata to New Jalpaiguri (a new railway station {{convert|6|km|abbr=on|disp=comma}} from Siliguri) takes about 10 hours. Thereafter it is 3–4 hours to Ghum or Darjeeling by road or 6–7 hours by the [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]]. Those who are not eager to travel all the way from New Jalpaiguri to Darjeeling by the slow train climbing up the hill can enjoy a ride on the tourist train from Darjeeling to Ghum and back.

[[File:Ghum Museum.jpg|thumb|Rail Museum, Ghum]]
After climbing from Siliguri to Ghum, the train starts descending about {{convert|1000|ft|m|abbr=on}} to Darjeeling, first crossing the graceful double loop at Batasia (meaning windy place).<ref name = "Guide"/>

Ghum is (falsely) claimed by some tourist literature to be the highest railway station in the world.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} It never was. Chicla station at {{convert|3724|m|abbr=on}} in Peru opened in 1878. The [[Tanggula railway station]] on the [[Qingzang railway]] in China and Tibet, opened in 2006, is at {{convert|5,068|m|ft|abbr=in}}. In [[Rail transport in Switzerland|Switzerland]], the [[Jungfraubahn]] (JB) is a {{track gauge|1000mm}} [[rack railway]] which runs {{convert|9|km}} from [[Kleine Scheidegg]] to the highest railway station in [[Europe]] at [[Jungfraujoch]] (elevation {{convert|3471|m|abbr=on|disp=comma}}).
[[File:Ghum Map.jpg|thumb]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1881]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]

Haridas Shastri

2025-08-25T21:32:11Z

TimDuncan875676: new a article...

{{Short description|Indian Gaudiya Vaisnava scholar and practitioner}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
'''Shri Haridas Shastri''' (1918{{snd}}2013) was an Indian [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaisnava]] scholar and practitioner.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Sri Guru Darsanam|last=|first=|publisher=Shri Haridas Shastri Goseva Sansthan |year=2015|isbn=978-81-929328-0-4|location=Vrindavan|pages=}}</ref> A prolific [[Sanskrit]] scholar,<ref name=":1" /> he wrote more than a sixty books, including translations from the Sanskrit of several Gauḍīya books and his own commentaries on them. His original works include the highly regarded book, the Vedānta-darśanam bhāgavata bhāṣyopetam, his translation-cum-commentaries of the [[Sat Sandarbhas]], and his transliterations of [[Chaitanya Bhagavata|Śrī-caitanya-bhāgavata]], [[Chaitanya Charitamrita|Śrī-caitanya-caritāmṛta]] and [[Chaitanya Mangala|Śrī-caitanya-maṅgala]]. Jonathan Edelmann at the [[University of Florida]] has called Śāstrī "arguably the most prolific and well-educated Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava “insider” scholar of the twentieth century" and "a voice distinct from the more well known Gaudīya-Maṭha and ISKCON".<ref name=':3'>{{cite journal|last1=Edelmann|first1=Jonathan|title=Book Review of Jīva Gosvāmin. Śrī Bhagavat Sandarbha: God—His Qualities, Abode and Associates. Sanskrit Text with English Translation and Jīva-toṣaṇī Commentary. Translated and edited by Satyanarayana Dasa. Vrindavan, India: Jiva Institute of Vaishnava Studies.|journal=Journal of Dharma and Hindu Studies|date=2014|volume=1|issue=1|pages=78}}</ref> Among his disciples is the noted Gauḍīya scholar and practitioner, [[Satyanarayana Dasa|Dr. Satyanarayana Dasa]].<ref name=':3'/>

== Early life and career ==
Śrī Haridās Śāstrī was born in 1918 in Ropa, [[West Bengal]] to Śrīmatī Suśīlā Devī and Śrī Abhayacaraṇa Cattopādhyāya. His childhood name was Phaṇīndra Nāth. In 1933, he journeyed to [[Mathura]], where he lived under the care of Pandita Bābā Śrī Rāma Kṛṣṇadāsaji.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title= Śrī Guru Smaraṇam|last=|first=|publisher=|year=2014|isbn=|location=Vrindavan|pages=}}</ref>

Paṇḍita Bābā chose his only veṣa disciple Śrī Vinod Vihārī Goswāmī as Phaṇīndra Nāth’s teacher. Phaṇīndra received mantra dīkṣā from Śrī Vinod Vihārī Goswāmī and became his disciple, with the name Haridāsa. After a year, Śrī Haridās received bābājī-veṣa dīkṣā from him. He lived with his guru and served him with great devotion. He studied the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava works from his guru for several years. Besides studying from his guru, he studied from other renowned scholars of Vrindavan such as Pandita Amolakrama Śāstrī and Dhananjaya Dāsa.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

Later, ordered by his guru, Śrī Haridāsa then went to [[Benares]] where he studied Indian philosophy for twelve years. He earned nine graduate degrees and three post-graduate degrees covering the six systems of [[Indian philosophy]] and theology. He studied under the top scholars of Benares, such as Vāmacharan Śāstrī and Harerāma Śāstrī.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

His different degrees are listed in his books (for example,<ref>{{Cite book|title= Sāhitya Kaumudi |last=|first=|publisher= Śrī Gadādhara Gaurahari press |year=2008|isbn=|location=Vrindavan|pages=}}</ref>): Kāvya-tīrtha, Vyākaraṇa-tīrtha, Sāṅkhya-tīrtha, Mīmāṁsā-tīrtha, Vedānta-tīrtha, Vaiśeṣika-tīrtha, Navya-nyāya-śāstra, Navya-nyāyācārya, Tarka-tīrtha (pratyakṣa), Tarka-tīrtha (anumāna), Tarka-tīrtha (śabda) and Vaiṣṇava-darśana-tīrtha.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

He established the Śrī Haridāsa Niwāsa āśrama at Kālīya-daha in [[Vrindavan|Vṛndāvana]] in 1965.<ref name=":1" /> In the center of this āśrama was established the first major temple in Vṛndāvana to have deities of [[Caitanya Mahaprabhu|Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu]] and [[Gadadhara Pandita|Śrī Gadādhara Paṇḍita]].{{fact|date=May 2025}}

== Paramparā ==
Śrī Haridās Śāstrī is part of the Gadādhara parivāra.<ref name=':3'/> The Gadādhara parivāra is a lineage of guru-śiṣya which originated from [[Gadadhara Pandita|Śrī Gadādhara Paṇḍita]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sriharidasniwas.org/index.php/sri-guru-parampara/our-guru-shishya-parampara.html |title=Our Guru Shishya parampara |last= |first= |publisher= |date= |website=sriharidasniwas.org |access-date=1 November 2017 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021505/http://sriharidasniwas.org/index.php/sri-guru-parampara/our-guru-shishya-parampara.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Śrī Gadādhara Paṇḍita gave dīkṣā to several disciples including Śrī Bhugarbha Goswāmī. Śrī Haridās Śāstrī belongs to Śrī Bhugarbha Goswāmī's line.

== Gadādhara-Gaura Hari Press ==

Śrī Haridās Śāstrī established the Gadādhara-Gaura Hari Press. His purpose was to make the works of Gaudiya Vaisnava acharyas, mainly [[Jiva Goswami]]'s, which were primarily in Sanskrit, accessible to the public. He translated and published around 60 books in Sanskrit and Hindi. Many of these books contained his own commentaries. He was the first to translate and comment on Jīva Goswāmī’s [[Sat Sandarbhas]] in Hindi.<ref name=":1" /> He also established a library, Śrī Gaura-Gadādhara Granthāgāram, which is one of the largest libraries in Vrindavan today. Edelmann notes, "many academic scholars of the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava tradition have used Haridāsa Śāstrī published editions of the Gosvāmin’s literature".<ref name=':3'/>
{{Hindu philosophy}} His [[Sat Sandarbhas]] are based on the edition of Purīdās Mahāshay (1895-1958).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jagadanandadas.blogspot.com/2008/08/bhagavat-sandarbha.html|title = Bhagavat-sandarbha}}</ref>

== Vedāntadarśanam ==

[[Caitanya Mahaprabhu|Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu]] had explained that the [[Bhagavata Purana|Śrīmad Bhāgavatam]] is the natural commentary of the [[Brahma sutras|Vedanta-sūtras]]. But he had not explained how individual verses of the two scriptures related to each other. Sri Haridas Shastri addressed this key gap in the Gauḍīyā Vaiṣṇava literature, by writing and publishing his book Vedānta-darśanam.<ref>{{Cite book|title= Vedāntadarśanam |last=|first=|publisher= Gadādhara Gaurahari press|year=|isbn=|location=Vrindavan|pages=}}</ref> This book explains how a verse or verses of the Śrīmad Bhāgavatam comment on a specific Vedanta-sūtra. This work is exceptional in its scholarship, and was honored with an award by the Nāgarī Pracāriṇī Sabhā of Benares.<ref name=":1" />

He was a great lover of cows and had a cowshed within his ashrama. He would personally take care of each cow and had a personal relationship with them. He started his cowshed around 1981 with just two cows and a bull, and by the time he left his body, the cowshed had grown to 250 cows and bulls. To ensure that the services that he started continued in his absence, he established Śrī Haridās Śāstrī Cow Institute with a board of trustees.{{fact|date=May 2025}}

== Bibliography ==

=== Books ===

# Vedānta-darśanam bhāgavata bhāṣyopetam
# Śrī-sādhanāmṛta-candrikā
# Śrī-gaura-govindārcana-paddhati
# Śrī-rādhā-kṛṣṇārcana-dīpikā
# Śrī-govinda-līlāmṛtam (3 volumes)
# Aiśvarya-kādambinī
# Śrī-saṁkalpa-kalpa-druma
# Catuḥślokī-bhāṣyam & Śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhajanāmṛta
# Prema-sampuṭa
# Śrī-bhagavad-bhakti-sāra-samuccaya
# Braja-rīti-cintāmaṇi
# Śrī-govinda-vṛndāvanam
# Śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhakti-ratna-prakāśa
# Śrī-hari-bhakti-sāra-saṁgraha
# Dharma-saṁgraha
# Śrī-caitanya-sūkti-sudhākara
# Śrī-nāmāmṛta-samudra
# Sanat-kumāra-saṁhitā
# Śruti-stuti-vyākhyā
# Rāsa-prabandha
# Dina-candrikā
# Śrī-sādhana-dīpikā
# Svakīyātva-nirāsa-parakīyātva-nirūpaṇam
# Śrī-rādhā-rasa-sudhā-nidhi (mūla)
# Śrī-rādhā-rasa-sudhā-nidhi (sānuvād)
# Śrī-Gaurāṅga-candrodaya
# Śrī-caitanya-candrāmṛtam
# Śrī-brahma-saṁhitā
# Bhakti-candrikā
# Prameya-ratnāvalī evaṁ navaratna
# Vedānta-syamantaka
# Tattva-sandarbhaḥ
# Bhagavat-sandarbhaḥ
# Paramātma-sandarbhaḥ
# Kṛṣṇa-sandarbhaḥ
# Bhakti-sandarbhaḥ
# Prīti-sandarbhaḥ
# Daśaḥ-ślokī bhāṣyam
# Bhakti-rasāmṛta-śeṣa
# Śrī-caitanya-bhāgavata (only hindi transliteration)
# Śrī-caitanya-caritāmṛta-mahā-kāvyam
# Śrī-caitanya-maṅgala (only hindi transliteration)
# Śrī-gaurāṅga-virūdāvalī
# Śrī-kṛṣṇa-caitanya-caritāmṛta
# Sat-saṅgam
# Nitya-kṛtya-prakaraṇam
# Śrīmad-bhāgavata-prathama-śloka
# Śrī-gāyatrī-vyākhyā-vivṛtiḥ
# Śrī-hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇam
# Śrī-kṛṣṇa-janma-tithi-vidhiḥ
# Śrī-hari-bhakti-vilāsaḥ
# Kāvya-kaustubhaḥ
# Śrī-caitanya-caritāmṛta (only hindi transliteration)
# Alaṅkāra-kaustubha
# Śrī-gaurāṅga-līlāmṛtam
# Śikṣāṣṭakam
# Saṅkṣepa-śrī-hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇam
# Prayuktākhyāta manjarī
# Chando kaustubha
# Hindu-dharma-rahasyam vā sarva-dharma-samanvayaḥ
# Sāhitya-kaumudī
# Go-sevā
# Rāsalīlā
# Śrī mantra-bhāgavatam

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*http://www.sriharidasniwas.org/
*http://www.sriharidasniwas.org/index.php/library-publications/publication.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331000645/http://www.sriharidasniwas.org/index.php/library-publications/publication.html |date=2021-03-31 }}

{{Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shastri, Haridas}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:21st-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian theologians]]
[[Category:Gaudiya religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian theologians]]
[[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]

T. J. Gnanavel

2025-04-02T10:04:17Z

TimDuncan875676:

{{Short description|Indian film director and screenwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = T. J. Gnanavel
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 2 April
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation =[[Film director]],
[[screenwriter]]
| years_active = 2010–present
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021)
}}

'''T. J. Gnanavel''' is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in the Tamil film industry.

== Early life and career ==
Gnanavel graduated from [[Loyola College, Chennai]]. He holds a PhD in Tamil literature,<ref name="J">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-07 |title=Jai Bhim has been brewing in my mind for 15 years: Director Gnanavel |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/jai-bhim-brewing-mind-15-years-director-gnanavel/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924150052/https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/jai-bhim-brewing-mind-15-years-director-gnanavel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and worked as a journalist before his cinematic career.<ref name=":0" />

Gnanavel made his debut as a dialogue writer for ''[[Rakta Charitra 2|Raththa Sarithiram]]'' (2010) and ''[[Payanam (2011 film)|Payanam]]'' (2011) before working as an assistant director.<ref name="R">{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/new-videos/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/suriya-01.html |title=Suriya - Tamil Cinema Actor Interview - Suriya | Raktha Charithram | Priyamani |website=Behindwoods.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-10 |archive-date=28 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428001652/http://behindwoods.com/new-videos/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/suriya-01.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="P">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/Jul/31/films-should-not-be-commercial-gimmicks-kootathil-oruthan-director-tj-gnanavel-1635884.html|title=Films should not be commercial gimmicks: Kootathil Oruthan director TJ Gnanavel|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=31 July 2017|first=S.|last=Subhakeerthana|access-date=12 September 2024|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406133419/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/31/films-should-not-be-commercial-gimmicks-kootathil-oruthan-director-tj-gnanavel-1635884.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, he made his directorial debut with the comedy ''[[Kootathil Oruthan]]'' about an ordinary man, starring [[Ashok Selvan]] and [[Priya Anand]], which released to average reviews.<ref name="P"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=28 July 2017 |title=Kootathil Oruthan Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kootathil-oruthan/movie-review/59805384.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731231646/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kootathil-oruthan/movie-review/59805384.cms |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He received critical acclaim for his next film ''[[Jai Bhim]]'' (2021), which was based on a case handled by Justice [[K. Chandru]]. Gnanavel had interviewed Chandru before he handled the case while working for ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]''.<ref name="J"/> He later directed ''[[Vettaiyan]]'', and in late 2024 began working on ''Dosa King''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-09-10 |title=After 'Vettaiyan', TJ Gnanavel is all set to begin the work for his next 'Dosa King' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/after-vettaiyan-tj-gnanavel-is-all-set-to-begin-the-work-for-his-next-dosa-king/articleshow/113216428.cms |access-date=2024-09-12 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
=== As film director ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Film !! Notes !! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2017
|''[[Kootathil Oruthan]]'' || Debut film ||<ref name="P"/>
|-
|2021
|''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' ||Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] || <ref name="J"/>
|-
|2024|| ''[[Vettaiyan]]''|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Superstar Rajinikanth's Thalaivar 170 to be helmed by Jai Bhim director TJ Gnanavel, film to release in 2024 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/superstar-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-to-be-helmed-by-jai-bhim-director-tj-gnanavel-film-to-release-in-2024-anirudh-2341517-2023-03-02 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=India Today |date=2 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302053810/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/superstar-rajinikanths-thalaivar-170-to-be-helmed-by-jai-bhim-director-tj-gnanavel-film-to-release-in-2024-anirudh-2341517-2023-03-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== As dialogue writer ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Film !! Notes !! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2010
|''[[Rakta Charitra 2|Raththa Sarithiram]]'' ||rowspan="4"|Wrote for Tamil version ||<ref name="R"/>
|-
|2011
|''[[Payanam (2011 film)|Payanam]]'' || <ref name="P"/>
|-
|2012
|''[[Dhoni (film)|Dhoni]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2015 |title=Ashok Selvan-Priya Anand Pairing for "Kootathil Oruthan" |url=http://www.cineulagam.com/tamil/news/cinema/ashok-selvan-priya-anand-pairing-for-kootathil-oruthan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921063410/http://www.cineulagam.com/tamil/news/cinema/ashok-selvan-priya-anand-pairing-for-kootathil-oruthan/ |archive-date=21 September 2016 |access-date=19 April 2016 |website=CineUlagam.com}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Un Samayal Arayil]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlykollywood.com/un-samayal-arayil-movie-review/|title=Un Samayal Arayil Movie Review|first=Karthik|last=Krishnaswamy|date=6 June 2014|website=Only Kollywood|access-date=12 September 2024|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903015003/https://www.onlykollywood.com/un-samayal-arayil-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4377096}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gnanavel, T. J.}}
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

Hrishikesh Pandey

2025-03-19T18:20:06Z

TimDuncan875676: new new post

{{short description|Indian television actor (born 1974)}}
{{distinguish|Rishikesh Pandey}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hrishikesh Pandey
| image = {{CSS image crop
|Image = CID TV Serial Team 2.jpg
|bSize = 900
|cWidth = 150
|cHeight = 200
|oTop = 30
|oLeft = 255
|Location=center}}
| caption = Pandey with [[CID (Indian TV series)|''CID'' cast]] team in 2013.
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| spouse = {{marriage|Trisha Dubash|2004|2021|reason=div}}<ref name="Trisha">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-actor-hrishikesh-pandey-opens-up-about-his-divorce/articleshow/82705300.cms | title=Exclusive! Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai actor Hrishikesh Pandey opens up about his divorce | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Neha Maheshwri | date=17 May 2021 | accessdate=18 May 2021}}</ref>
| occupation = Actor
| years active = 2001–present
| known for = Playing Inspector Sachin in ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]''
}}

'''Hrishikesh Pandey'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hrishikesh-pandey-does-solo-bike-travelling-in-jabalpur/articleshow/77609490.cms|title=Hrishikesh Pandey does solo bike travelling in Jabalpur|date=28 Aug 2020|website= Times of India|language=en|access-date=28 Aug 2020}}</ref> is an Indian television actor best known for his role as Inspector Sachin in ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D]]''. He was also seen in ''[[Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi – Kahani Mata Rani Ki]]'' as Maharaj Ratnakar Sagar, and in ''[[Hamari Betiyoon Ka Vivaah]]'' as Shakti.

==Early life==
Pandey comes from an army background, and used to live in [[Jabalpur]] as a child. His childhood idol is veteran actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=When Hrishikesh Pandey received a letter from Big B - The Tribune | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/its-priceless-387327 | access-date=2025-03-19 | website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

==Career==
Pandey's career as an actor began in 2001 with the role of Vishal Gill in the serial ''[[Kohi Apna Sa]]'' broadcast by [[Zee TV]]. His subsequent roles include Shakti in ''[[Hamari Betiyoon Ka Vivaah]]'', Inspector Sachin in ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]'', Rocky in ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]'' and recently as Senapati Ripudaman Singh in ''[[Porus (TV series)|Porus]]''. He is also seen in ''[[Dhai Akshar Prem Ke]]'' as Sameer 'Sam', Nisha's ([[Sonali Bendre]]) husband.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Dhai Akshar Prem Ke]]''
| Sameer "Sam"
| Cameo
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Runway 34]]''
| Yusuf Rangoonwala
|
|-
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]'' – Shart
| Rahul Sharma (Episode 17)
| Episodic Role
|-
| 2001–2003
| ''[[Kohi Apna Sa]]''
| Vishal Gill
| Lead Role
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2002
| ''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)|Sanjivani]]''
| Patient (Episode 7)
| rowspan = "2" | Episodic Role
|-
| ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]'' – Mrityudand
| Senapati Adityavardhan (Episode 39)
|-
| rowspan = "4" | 2003
| ''[[Kahani Terrii Merrii]]''
| Shom
| rowspan = "2" | Supporting Role
|-
| ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]''
| Advocate Natkarni
|-
| ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]''
| Episode 104
| rowspan = "4" | Episodic Role
|-
| rowspan = "2" | ''Vikraal Aur Gabraal''
| Rahul Sharma
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2004
| Senapati Adityavardhan
|-
| ''[[Raat Hone Ko Hai]]''
| Episodes 9-12
|-
| rowspan = "3" | 2004–2005
| ''[[Saaksshi]]''
|
| rowspan = "3" | Supporting Role
|-
| ''[[Piya Ka Ghar (TV series)|Piya Ka Ghar]]''
| Dr. Anurag
|-
| ''[[Kamini Damini]]''
| Vijay
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Raat Hone Ko Hai]]''
| Bobby Kapoor (Episode 241 to Episode 244)
| Episodic Role
|-
| 2005–2006
| ''CID Special Bureau''
| Senior Inspector Abhimanyu
| rowspan = "3" | Supporting Role
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2006
| ''[[Sati...Satya Ki Shakti]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)|Viraasat]]''
| Shekhar Sinha
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Mano Ya Na Mano (2006 TV series)|Mano Ya Na Mano]]''
| Mahesh Saikya (Episode 70)
| Episodic Role
|-
| 2007–2008
| ''Shaadi Street''
| Raj
| Lead Role
|-
| 2008
| ''Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai''
| Brijesh (Episode 68 & Episode 69)
| Episodic Role
|-
| 2008–2009
| ''[[Hamari Betiyoon Ka Vivaah]]''
| Shakti
| Supporting Role
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]'' – Kabristan: Part 1 & Part 2
| Rocky (Episode 11 & Episode 12)
| Episodic Role
|-
| 2010–2016; 2025–present
| ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
| rowspan = "4" | Senior Inspector Sachin
| Supporting Role
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]'' – CID Virrudh Adaalat
| Episode 137
|-
| 2013
| ''CID Chhote Heroes''
| Supporting Role
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
| Special appearance
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Man Mein Hai Visshwas]]''
| Akhtar Singh
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Savdhaan India]]''
| Inspector Surendra (Episode 2028)
| Episodic Role
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Porus (TV series)|Porus]]''
| Senapati Ripudaman Singh
| rowspan = "3" | Supporting Role
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran]]''
| Maharaj [[Daksha | Daksh]]
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi – Kahani Mata Rani Ki]]''
| Maharaj Ratnakar Sagar
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| Mukesh
| Negative Role
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Dharm Yoddha Garud]]''
| Maharishi [[Kashyapa | Kashyap]]
| rowspan = "2" | Supporting Role
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2023
| rowspan = "2" | ''[[Bekaboo]]''
| Valak
|-
| Malak
| rowspan = "2" | Negative Role
|-
| 2023–2024
| ''[[Teri Meri Doriyaann]]''
| Yashraj "Yash" Baweja
|-
|}

==Personal life==
He married Trisha Dubash in 2004 and they got divorced in 2021<ref name="Trisha"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2252025}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Hrishikesh (Tv Actor)}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]