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2025 Rajya Sabha elections

2026-05-07T07:14:37Z

Tijusacademyoet:

{{Short description|Elections for the upper house of Indian Parliament}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2024 Rajya Sabha elections
| previous_year = 2024
| next_election = 2026 Rajya Sabha elections
| next_year = 2026
| election_date = June - October 2025
| seats_for_election = 14{{efn|Including two [[Casual vacancy|casual vacancies]]}} of the 233{{efn|excluding 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats]]}} elected seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]]
| majority_seats = 123{{efn|out of 244 (excluding one vacancy and including 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats]])}} total

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Jagat_Prakash_Nadda_2023.jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader1 = [[J. P. Nadda]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader_since1 = 24 June 2024
| leaders_seat1 =
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| seats_before1 = 96{{efn|excluding two [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| seats_after1 = '''98'''{{efn|excluding 5 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 2
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mallikarjun_Kharge_briefing_the_media_after_presenting_the_Interim_Railway_Budget_2014-15_in_New_Delhi_(cropped).jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader2 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| leader_since2 = 16 February 2021
| leaders_seat2 =
| alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| seats_before2 = 27
| seats_after2 = 27
| seat_change2 = {{steady}}
| 1blank = Alliance seats before
| 1data1 = 119{{efn|excluding 8 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| 1data2 = 77
| 2blank = Alliance seats after
| 2data1 = '''121'''{{efn|excluding 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| 2data2 = 80
| 3blank = Seat change
| 3data1 = {{increase}} 2
| 3data2 = {{increase}} 3

| title = Majority
| posttitle = Majority after election
| before_election = [[National Democratic Alliance]]{{efn|including the support of 8 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| before_party =
| after_election = [[National Democratic Alliance]]{{efn|including the support of 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| after_party =
}}

The 2025 '''Rajya Sabha elections''' were held as part of a routine six-year cycle of the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]] from 19 June to 24 October 2025 to elect 14 of its 245 members (including 2 by-elections), of which the states through their legislators elect 233, and the remaining 12 are appointed by the President.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/RetLMemState.aspx|title=Statewise Retirement|website=rajyasabha.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-26 |title=Elections to 8 Rajya Sabha seats in Tamil Nadu, Assam on June 19 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/biennial-polls-to-eight-rajya-sabha-seats-on-june-19/articleshow/121410120.cms |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=2025-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711100424/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/biennial-polls-to-eight-rajya-sabha-seats-on-june-19/articleshow/121410120.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-24 |title=Election Commission announces polls for 4 Rajya Sabha seats of Jammu and Kashmir on October 24 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/election-commission-announces-polls-for-5-rajya-sabha-seats-of-jammu-and-kashmir-punjab-on-october-24-latest-updates-2025-09-24-1009786 |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=India TV News |language=en |archive-date=2025-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001214029/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/election-commission-announces-polls-for-5-rajya-sabha-seats-of-jammu-and-kashmir-punjab-on-october-24-latest-updates-2025-09-24-1009786 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ruling [[National Democratic Alliance]] retained its majority in the house.

== Electoral system ==
[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|MPs]] are elected through [[indirect election]] by the members of the [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislative assemblies]] using the system of [[proportional representation]] by means of the [[single transferable vote]]. Each voter (MLA) ranks candidates in the order of preference (marking 1, 2, 3 and so on) under an [[open ballot system]]. Candidate have to reach a specific quota of votes in order to win a seat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership of Rajya Sabha |url=https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Procedure/RajyaSabhaAtWork/English/30-85/CHAPTER3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121163132/https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Procedure/RajyaSabhaAtWork/English/30-85/CHAPTER3.pdf |archive-date=2025-11-21}}</ref>

<math>
\text{Quota} = \left( \frac{\text{Total valid votes}}{\text{Vacancies} + 1} \right) + 1
</math>

For a single-seat election, each ballot is valued at one. When multiple seats are filled, the ballot value is set to one hundred.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Prabhash K. |date=2020-06-19 |title=Rajya Sabha election: How MPs are elected to the upper house |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajya-sabha-election-how-mps-are-elected-to-the-upper-house-1690564-2020-06-19 |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

A candidate is elected unopposed when the number of candidates matches the number of available seats after nominations and withdrawals period.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Handbook for Returning Officers |url=https://ceodelhi.gov.in/WriteReadData/HandBooks/Handbook_For_Returning_Officers(Council_Elections).pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802035728/https://ceodelhi.gov.in/WriteReadData/HandBooks/Handbook_For_Returning_Officers(Council_Elections).pdf |archive-date=2016-08-02}}</ref>

==Results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="1"|Alliance/ Party
! Seats
! +/–
|-
|rowspan=4 {{party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
|rowspan=4 style="text-align:center;"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|{{color|green|+2}}
|-
|{{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|0
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#FEE4CB"|Total
|style="color:inherit;background:#FEE4CB;text-align:center;"|6
|style="color:inherit;background:#FEE4CB"|{{color|green|+3}}
|-
|rowspan=5 {{party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
|rowspan=5 style="text-align:center;"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|{{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|0
|-
|{{party color cell|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|{{color|green|+3}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Makkal Needhi Maiam}}
|[[Makkal Needhi Maiam]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#D7F6FF"|Total
|style="color:inherit;background:#D7F6FF;text-align:center;"|7
|style="color:inherit;background:#D7F6FF"|{{color|green|+3}}
|-
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Others}}
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|Others
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|0
|-
|{{party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
|[[Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|}

==Members retiring and elected==

=== June election ===

==== [[Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! colspan="3" | Previous MP
!Term end
!Elected MP
!colspan="2" | Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Mission Ranjan Das]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}" rowspan=1|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="2" |14-Jun-2025
| [[Kanad Purkayastha]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2025-06-13 |title=Assam: BJP’s Kanad Purkayastha, AGP's Birendra Prasad Baishya elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-bjps-kanad-purkayastha-agps-birendra-prasad-baishya-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/121830464.cms |access-date=2025-11-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}" rowspan=1|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="2" |15-Jun-2025
|-
| 2
| [[Birendra Prasad Baishya]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
| [[Birendra Prasad Baishya]]<ref name=":1" />
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" rowspan=1|
|[[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]]
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! Previous MP
! colspan=2| Previous Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[N. Chandrasegharan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" rowspan=1|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| rowspan="6" |24 July 2025
| [[M. Dhanapal]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-06-13 |title=Kamal Haasan, five others declared elected to Rajya Sabha unopposed |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Jun/13/kamal-haasan-five-others-declared-elected-to-rajya-sabha-unopposed |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
| rowspan="6" |25 July 2025
|-
|2
| [[Anbumani Ramadoss]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]]
| [[I. S. Inbadurai]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 3
| [[M. M. Abdulla]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan="3" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| [[Salma (writer)|Salma]]<ref name=":0" />
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|-
|4
| [[M. Shanmugam]]
| [[S. R. Sivalingam]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 5
| [[P. Wilson]]
| [[P. Wilson]]<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 6
| [[Vaiko]]
|{{party color cell|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]]
| [[Kamal Haasan]]<ref name=":0" />
|{{party color cell|Makkal Needhi Maiam}}
|[[Makkal Needhi Maiam|MNM]]
|}

=== October election ===

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
!Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
|1
| colspan="3" |'''Vacant''' ([[Shamsheer Singh Manhas]])
|rowspan="2" |10-Feb-2021
|[[Chowdry Mohammad Ramzan]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2025-10-24 |title=National Conference wins three Rajya Sabha seats in J&K; ‘cross-voting’ gives BJP one |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/nc-wins-three-rajya-sabha-seats-in-jk-bjp-victorious-in-one/article70198254.ece |access-date=2025-11-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|{{Party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=3}}
|rowspan="4" |25-Oct-2025
|-
|2
| colspan="3" |'''Vacant''' ([[Fayaz Ahmad Mir]])
|[[Sajjad Ahmad Kichloo]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
|3
| colspan="3" |'''Vacant''' ([[Nazir Ahmad Laway]])
|rowspan="2" |15-Feb-2021
|[[Gurwinder Singh Oberoi]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
|4
| colspan="3" |'''Vacant''' ([[Ghulam Nabi Azad]])
|[[Sat Paul Sharma]]<ref name=":2" />
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== By-elections ==

=== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[V. Vijayasai Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|25-Jan-2025
|[[P. Venkata Satyanarayana]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-06 |title=BJP’s P Venkata Satyanarayana wins Andhra Pradesh Rajya Sabha seat unopposed |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/andhra-pradesh/story/p-venkata-satyanarayana-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-andhra-pradesh-2720240-2025-05-06 |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|9-May-2025
|21-Jun-2028
|Resignation
|}

=== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Punjab|Punjab]] ===

{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
!Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Sanjeev Arora (politician)|Sanjeev Arora]]
|{{party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|1-July-2025
|[[Rajinder Gupta]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-17 |title=AAP’s Rajinder Gupta elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/aaps-rajinder-gupta-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/124614915.cms |access-date=2025-11-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|{{party name with colour|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|17-Oct-2025
|09-Apr-2028
|Elected to [[16th Punjab Assembly]]
|}

==Nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!#
!Nominated MP
! colspan=2|Affiliation
!Field
!Term start
!Nominated by
!Reference
|-
|1
|[[Meenakshi Jain]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
|[[Nominated|NOM]]
|[[Literature]] and [[Education]]
| rowspan="4" |13-July-2025
| rowspan="4" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-13 |title=Former Foreign Secretary Shringla, Ujjwal Nikam, C. Sadanandan Master, and Meenakshi Jain nominated to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-foreign-secretary-shringla-ujjwal-nikam-c-sadanandan-master-and-meenakshi-jain-nominated-to-rajya-sabha/article69806580.ece |access-date=2025-07-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2
|[[Harsh Vardhan Shringla]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|BJP}}|
| rowspan="3"|[[BJP]]
|[[Diplomacy]]
|-
|3
|[[Ujjwal Nikam]]
|[[Law]]
|-
|4
|[[C. Sadanandan Master]]
|[[Social work]]
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rajya Sabha}}

[[Category:2025 elections in India|Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha elections in India]]

J. B. Prashant More

2026-05-05T01:22:59Z

Tijusacademyoet: adding entry.

{{Short description|French historian (born 1955)}}
{{Distinguish|Prashant More}}
{{context|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox historian
| name = Jean-Baptiste Prashant More
| native_name = ஜே பி பிரசாந்த் மொரே
| image = File:Wikipedia_More.JPG
| image_size =
| alt = J B P More
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|08|28}}
| birth_place = [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [ndia
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| other_names =
| discipline = History, economics
| workplaces =
| alma_mater = [[École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales]], Université Jussieu
| thesis_title = Muslims of Tamil Nadu
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year = 1991
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|jbprashantmore.in}}
| footnotes =
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Jean-Baptiste Prashant More''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]:ஜின் பாப்டிஸ்ட் பிரசாந்த் மொரே), also known as '''J B Prashant More, JBP More''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]:ஜே பி பிரசாந்த் மொரே, ஜே பி பி மொரே) is a French historian, author and teacher. His area of expertise is [[South India]]n history.<ref>Warrier, Shoba. [http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-indian-historians-havent-evolved-anything-worthwhile-of-their-own/20130806.htm "India is dominated by the West"],
''[[Rediff.com]]'', Pondicherry, 13 August 2013. Retrieved on 12 November 2013.</ref>

== Personal life ==
JBP More was born to Panjab Rao More and Ellenamma Prouchandy in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. Panjab Rao More was a Marathi by descent and he was a Bhakti Poet. He was a follower of [[Tukaram|Sant Tukaram]] and [[Sri Aurobindo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bio – JB Prashant More |url=https://jbprashantmore.in/bio/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021160700/https://jbprashantmore.in/bio/ |archive-date=2025-10-21 |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> He belongs to the [[Morè (clan)|Morè]] clan who were vassals of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] before being defeated and overcome by [[Shivaji]] during his ascension to power.<ref name=":0" />

== Authored Books ==
*''The Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras'', 1930-1947<ref>More, J.B.P. (1997) [https://books.google.com/books?id=QDht7OyOjXMC "The Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras, 1930-1947"], Orient Blackswan, India. {{ISBN|9788125011927}}</ref>
*''Freedom Movement in French India, The Mahe Revolt of 1948''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2001) [https://search.library.cornell.edu/catalog/5997391 "Freedom Movement in French India, The Mahe Revolt of 1948"], Tellicherry.{{ISBN|9788190016698}}</ref>
*''L’Inde face à Bharati, le Poète rebelle''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2003) [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/19703881?q&versionId=23164635 "L’Inde face à Bharati, le Poète rebelle"], Tellicherry. {{ISBN|8188432067}}</ref>
*''Muslim identity, Print Culture and the Dravidian factor in India in Tamilnadu''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2004) [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20107398?q&versionId=23695190 "Muslim identity, Print Culture and the Dravidian factor in India in Tamilnadu"], Orient Longman, Hyderabad. {{ISBN|8125026320}}</ref>
*''Pudhucheriyil Bharatiyar in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] "புதுச்சேரியில் பாரதியார்"''
*''Religion and Society in South India: Hindus, Muslims and Christians''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2006) [http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/24396536 "Religion and Society in South India: Hindus, Muslims and Christians"], Nirmalagiri.{{ISBN|8188432121}}</ref>
*''The Telugus of Yanam and Masulipatnam : From French rule to Integration With India''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2007) [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/26814804?q&versionId=45806209 "The Telugus of Yanam and Masulipatnam : From French rule to Integration With India"], Pondicherry.</ref>
*''Partition of India: Players and Partners''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2008) [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/34858739?q&versionId=43228661 "Partition of India: Players and Partners"], Kannur. {{ISBN|8188432156}}</ref>
*''Rise and Fall of the ‘Dravidian’ Justice party, 1916-1946''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2009) [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/476366391 "Rise and Fall of the Dravidian Justice party, 1916-1946"], Kannur.</ref>
*''Pudhucherry Valartha Bharathiyar in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] "புதுச்சேரி வளர்த்த பாரதியார்"''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2011) [http://newarrivals.nlb.gov.sg/itemdetail.aspx?bid=14715351 "Putuccēri vaḷartta Pāratiyār"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20131114133319/http://newarrivals.nlb.gov.sg/itemdetail.aspx?bid=14715351 |date=2013-11-14 }}, Pondicherry. {{ISBN|9789380325828}}</ref>
*''Origin and Early History of the Muslims of Keralam, 700-1600, A.D.''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2012) [http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/166181335?q&versionId=181109913 "Origin and Early History of the Muslims of Keralam, 700-1600, A.D."], Other Books, Calicut. {{ISBN|9789380081199}}</ref>
*''Indian Steamship Ventures 1836-1910. "Darmanathan Prouchandy of Pondicherry, First Steam Navigator from South India, 1891-1900"''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2013) [http://katalog.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/titel.cgi?katkey=67469766 "Indian Steamship Ventures 1836-1910. Darmanathan Prouchandy of Pondicherry, First Steam Navigator from South India, 1891-1900"], Pondicherry.</ref>
*''Keralathile Muslimkal: Aavirbhavavum Adyakaala Charitravum (700 AD- 1600 AD) in [[Malayalam]] "കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിങ്ങൾ: ആവിർഭാവവും ആദ്യകാല ചരിത്രവും"''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2013) [http://www.indulekha.com/keralathile-muslimkal-aavirbhavavum-adyakaala-charitravum-700-a-d-1600-a-d-history-j-b-p-more "Keralathile Muslimkal: Aavirbhavavum Adyakaala Charitravum (700 AD- 1600 AD)"], Lead Books, Calicut.</ref>
*''From Arikamedu to the Foundation of Modern Pondicherry''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2014) [http://www.printsasia.in/book/from-arikamedu-to-the-foundation-of-modern-pondicherry-j-b-p-more-8192763927-9788192763927 "From Arikamedu to the Foundation of Modern Pondicherry"], Saindhavi Publication, Chennai. {{ISBN|9788192763927}}</ref>
*''Origin and Foundation of Madras''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2014) [http://webmail.newasiabooks.org/publication/origin-and-foundation-madras "Origin and Foundation of Madras"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024249/http://webmail.newasiabooks.org/publication/origin-and-foundation-madras |date=2015-11-17 }}, Saindhavi Publication, Chennai. {{ISBN|9788192763941}}</ref>
*''Offerings to the Muslim Warriors of Malabar: Foundation Document of Colonialism and Clash of Civilisations''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2015) [http://www.iberlibro.com/9788192763958/Offerings-Muslim-Warriors-Malabar-J.B.P-8192763951/plp "Offerings to the Muslim Warriors of Malabar: Foundation Document of Colonialism and Clash of Civilisations"], Saindhavi Publication, Chennai. {{ISBN|9788192763958}}</ref>
*''Tamil Heroes of French India: Their Role in Business, Social Reforms and in Netaji's Freedom Struggle from Vietnam''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2016) [https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25887535M/Tamil_Heroes_of_French_India_Their_role_in_Business_Social_Reforms_and_in_Netaji's_Freedom_Struggle_ "Tamil Heroes of French India: Their Role in Business, Social Reforms and in Netaji's Freedom Struggle from Vietnam"], TLPMS & Ilakkiya Publications, Puducherry. {{ISBN|9788192085616}}</ref>
*''A Critique of Modern Civilization and Thought: Facts, Non-Facts and Ideas''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2016) [https://openlibrary.org/works/OL17313670W/A_Critique_of_Modern_Civilisation_and_Thought "A Critique of Modern Civilization and Thought: Facts, Non-Facts and Ideas"], TLPMS & Ilakkiya Publications, Puducherry. {{ISBN|9788192085623}}</ref>
*''Dravida Needhi Katchiyin Valarchiyum Veezhchiyum (1916-1946) in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] "திராவிட நீதிக் கட்சியின் வளர்ச்சியும் வீழ்ச்சியும் (1916-1946)''<ref>More, J.B.P. (2016) [https://www.commonfolks.in/bookreviews/dravida-neethikkatchiyin-valarchchiyum-veezhchchiyum "Dravida Needhi Katchiyin Valarchiyum Veezhchiyum (1916-1946)"], Samaran Publishers, Chennai.</ref>
*''Jamal Mohamed - Indian Merchant Prince and Nationlist'' (2022)
*''Subramania Bharathi in British and French India: Nationalist, Revivalist or Thamizh Patriot'' (UpComing)

==References==
{{reflist}}

*
*
*
*



==External links==

* [https://jbprashantmore.in/ J B Prashant More] – Official website

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:More, J B Prashant}}
[[Category:20th-century French historians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to France]]
[[Category:French male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century French historians]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]
[[Category:20th-century French male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century French male writers]]

Meluri district

2026-05-01T14:46:19Z

Tijusacademyoet: Place.

{{Short description|District in Nagaland}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Meluri district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Nagaland|District of Nagaland]]
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname = Land of Fortune
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Meluri District in Nagaland
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Meluri]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 22,558
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency
| leader_name = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name1 = Supongmeren Jamir INC
| leader_title2 = [[Deputy commissioner|Deputy Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Mhathung Tsanglao (NCS)
| leader_title3 = [[State legislative assemblies of India|Assembly constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly|1 constituencies]]
| Leader_Title4 =
| Leader_ name4 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| website =
| official_name =
}}
'''Meluri district''' is a [[List of districts of Nagaland|district]] in the Indian state of [[Nagaland]]. It was notified as the 17th district on November 2, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ipr.nagaland.gov.in/CHIEF-MINISTER-NEIPHIU-RIO-INAUGURATES-MELURI-AS-THE-17TH-DISTRICT |website=IPR |publisher=Department of Information and Public Relations |access-date=27 March 2025| title=CHIEF MINISTER NEIPHIU RIO INAUGURATES MELURI AS THE 17TH DISTRICT
}}</ref>

== History ==
Meluri was established as a 'Chairman Bench Court' in 1958, which was upgraded to Circle Officer in 1959. It was elevated to Assistant Commissioner-II, then to Extra Assistant Commissioner in 1969, Sub-Divisional Office (SDO) in 1981, and finally to a Sub-Division (ADC) in 2008.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-31 |title=Meluri is the 17th district of Nagaland » MokokchungTimes.com |url=https://mokokchungtimes.com/meluri/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=mokokchungtimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The creation of a separate district has been a long-term demand of the [[Pochury Naga]]s. In October 2024, the district was created by carving it out of [[Phek district|Phek District]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=Nagaland Approves Creation Of Meluri As New District For Pochury Tribe |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/nagaland-news/nagaland-approves-creation-of-meluri-as-new-district-for-pochury-tribe |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

== Administration ==
It covers an area of 1,011 sq km. There are 31 recognized villages, one Town Council (Meluri Town Council) and three EAC administrative headquarters in the district.<ref name=":0" /> It is part of [[Meluri Assembly constituency]]

== Demographics ==
The then Meluri sub-division of Phek District had a population of 22,558 in 2011 and is populated mostly by the [[Pochury Naga]]s.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Districts of Nagaland}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Nagaland}}

[[Category:Districts of Nagaland]]

D. Damodaran Potti

2026-04-24T23:40:51Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting new details...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = D. Damodaran Potti
| office = Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly
| order = 5th
| native_name = ഡി. ദാമോദരൻ പോറ്റി
| native_name_lang = ml
| image =
| term_end = 21 October 1970
| term_start = 15 March 1967
| birth_date = 27 April 1921
| birth_place = [[Kottarakkara]], [[Kollam district]]
| death_date = 15 November 2002
| parents = K. Damodaran Potti (father) and Aryadevi (mother)
| spouse = P. V. Sreedevi Antharjanam
| predecessor = [[Alexander Parambithara]]
| successor = [[K. Moideenkutty Haji]]
}}
'''D. Damodaran Potti''' was an Indian politician who served as [[Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]] from 15 March 1967, to 21 October 1970<ref>{{Cite web |title=Speakers and Deputy Speakers of Kerala |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/ginfo_7.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=[[Kerala Legislature]]}}</ref> and Minister for Public Works during [[Sankar ministry]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministries Since 1957 (After the formation of Kerala State) |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/ministers49_main.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708185932/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/ministers49_main.htm |archive-date=8 July 2016 |website=[[Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born on 27 April 1921 in [[Kottarakkara]].<ref name=":0" /> His parents were K. Damodaran Potti and Aryadevi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEAKERS AND DEPUTY SPEAKERS OF KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/Speakers%20&%20Deputy%20Speakers%20Book%20Final.pdf |website=[[Kerala Legislature]]}}</ref> His married to P. V. Sreedevi Antharjanam and got one son and three daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=D. DAMODARAN POTTI |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Speakers%20since%201957/D.Damodaran%20Potti.pdf |website=[[Kerala Legislature]]}}</ref> He studied from [[St. Berchmans College]] and [[Government Arts College, Thiruvananthapuram]] and got bachelor's degree in law from [[Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name=":0" /> On 29 January 1970, he suspended five opposition members who attacked him.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Opposition walks out of assembly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/opposition-walks-out-of-assembly/articleshow/84905719.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 July 2021 }}</ref> He died on 15 November 2002.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ministers of Kerala |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/Ministers%20Book%20Final.pdf |website=[[Kerala Legislature]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Potti, D. Damodaran}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]

Mrigashira

2026-04-24T00:34:17Z

Tijusacademyoet: Put Up.

{{Short description|5th lunar mansion in Hindu astronomy}}
{{Nakshatras}}
'''Mṛgaśirā''' (also spelled Mr̥gaśīrṣa; Devanagari: मृगशीर्ष) is the 5th [[nakshatra|nakṣatra]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Rasa Shastra: The Hidden Art of Medical Alchemy |page=436|publisher=Singing Dragon|author=Andrew Mason|year=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woJIAwAAQBA}}</ref> or ''lunar mansion'' as used in [[Hindu astronomy]] and [[astrology]], in the constellation [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]. It corresponds to the stars [[Meissa|λ]], [[Phi1 Orionis|φ1]], and [[Phi2 Orionis|φ2 Orionis]]. Its position is described in the [[Surya Siddhānta]].<ref name=ASE>{{cite web |title=Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर) |url=https://ase.exopla.net/index.php/Mrigashira |website=All Skies Encyclopaedia |publisher=[[IAU Working Group on Star Names]] |access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref>

The asterism's names in various languages are:
* {{langx|te|మృగశిర}}
* {{langx|ta|மிருகசீரிடம்}}
*[[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]]: මුවසිරස
*{{langx|kn|ಮೃಗಶಿರ}}
*{{langx|ml|മകയിരം}}

The first two ''pada'' (quarters) of this nakṣatra are part of ''[[Vṛṣabha]] Rāśi'' (Devanagari: वृषभ), which is ''Taurus''. The latter two ''pada'' of this star belong to ''[[Mithuna (month)|Mithuna]] Rāśi'' (Devanagari: मिथुन), which is ''Gemini'' (from 23°20’ Taurus to 6°40’ Gemini).{{cn|date=December 2025}}

==Etymology==
The term Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर) means "the deer's head"; it is a composite of two Sanskrit words, mṛga (मृग) meaning deer and śira (शिर) meaning head or precisely, the top of the head.<ref name=ASE/>

The names Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर) and Mārgaśīrṣa/Mṛgaśīrṣa (मार्गशीर्ष) are sometimes used interchangeably. Grammatically, Mārgaśīrṣa (मार्गशीर्ष) means "of Mṛgaśira" or "related to Mṛgaśira". Thus Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर) is the correct name of the asterism, while Mārgaśīrṣa (मार्गशीर्ष) is the name of the month related to Mṛgaśira, i.e., the month in which the Moon is in [[conjunction (astronomy)|conjunction]] with the Mṛgaśira nakṣatra. In Malayalam it is called Makayeeram.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

==Naming principles==
{{unsourced section|date=December 2025}}
Under the traditional Hindu principle of naming individuals according to their nakṣatras, the following Sanskrit syllables correspond with this nakṣatra, and would belong at the beginning of a first name:

*Ve (Devanagari: वे)
*Vo (Devanagari: वो)
*Ka (Devanagari: क)
*Ki (Devanagari: कि)

Mṛgaśira nakṣatra extends from after 23°20' in Vṛṣabha Rāśi up to 6°40' in Mithuna. This Star is ruled by [[Mangala]] and the presiding deity is [[Chandra]], the [[Moon]] God. He holds Amrita (nectar of immortality) and his mount is a chariot drawn by [[horse]]s. He rules the following parts of the human body: the face, chin, cheeks, larynx, palate, throat, vocal chord, arms, shoulders, thymus gland, upper ribs.

The word ''mṛga'' represents forests, gardens, a search, a seeking to find, to roam about in forests and a hunter, to seek to blaze the trail, a guide and preceptor. ''Mṛgaśirṣa'' is partly in [[Vrishaba (astrology)|Vṛṣabha]] and partly in [[Mithuna]]. It conveys the ideas of searching for beautiful faces, visit or request a girl in marriage. People born in this nakṣatra have a strong body and moderate complexion.

==See also==
*[[List of Nakshatras]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Jyotish Vidya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mrigashirsha}}
[[Category:Nakshatra]]
[[Category:Orion (constellation)]]

Japthi

2026-04-21T12:38:57Z

Tijusacademyoet: adding a pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Japthi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udupi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts = [[Kundapura]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Village Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2178
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate =KA
| website =
}}

'''Japthi''' is a village in the [[Kundapur]] taluk of [[Udupi|Udupi district]].

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Japthi has a total population of 2,178 people consisting of 1160 male and 188 female residents. The village occupies a total area of 902.61 hectares with a population density of 2.413 people per hectare. As of 2011, the total literacy rate was 69.65% which was higher than the national average of 59.5%.<ref name="udupi-census">{{Cite web |title=Census {{!}} Udupi District {{!}} India |url=https://udupi.nic.in/en/document-category/census/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2011, Japthi has an employment rate of over 41.09%, 96.54% of whom are employed over 183 days in a year.<ref name="udupi-census" />

== Agriculture ==
Agriculture is the primary source of revenue in the region, with cashew plantations being one of primary sources of revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-26 |title=Karnataka cashew manufacturers body seeks support policy |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/karnataka-cashew-manufacturers-body-seeks-support-policy/article32443057.ece |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Udupi]]
* [[Kundapura]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

{{Settlements in Udupi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Udupi district]]

{{Udupi-geo-stub}}

Amaan Ali Bangash

2026-04-21T11:58:03Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting bio...

{{short description|Indian classical musician (born 1977)}}
{{Distinguish|Aman Ali Khan}}
{{protection padlock|reason=Persistent copyright violations since 2015|small=yes}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Sources exist|date=March 2025}}
{{BLP one source|date=March 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Amaan Ali Bangash
| image = Amaan Ali Khan Performing at Rajarani Music Festival-2016, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India (01).JPG
| alt =
| caption = Rajarani Music Fest, 2016
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| alias = Amaan Ali Khan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|07|12}}
| death_date =
| origin = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| instrument = [[sarod]]
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]], [[world fusion music]]
| occupation =
| years_active =
| label =
| website = [https://www.amaanalibangash.com/ Official website]
}}
'''Amaan Ali Bangash''' (born 1977) is an Indian classical musician who plays the [[sarod]]. He is the son of [[Amjad Ali Khan]] and often performs with his younger brother [[Ayaan Ali Bangash]], with whom he hosted the music talent show ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]''. In 2024 he performed solo for [[Darbar Festival]] at the [[Barbican Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.barbican.org.uk/whats-on/2024/event/dr-l-subramaniam-with-ambi-subramaniam-amaan-ali-bangash |title=Dr L Subramaniam with Ambi Subramaniam + Amaan Ali Bangash |author= |publisher=[[Barbican Centre]] |access-date=2024-10-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.amaanalibangash.com/}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Amaan Ali}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sarod players]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

Ghaziabad Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T07:21:31Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting new pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ghaziabad
| constituency_no = 56
| map_image = 56-Ghaziabad.svg
| mla = [[Sanjeev Sharma (politician)|Sanjeev Sharma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2024
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 461644 (2024)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Ghaziabad Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Ghaziabad Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956.<ref name="DPACO (1956)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1956)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=18 October 2015|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-56-DCI.pdf}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 56.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 18 October 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=18 October 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=18 October 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/ghaziabad.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=18 October 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]] facility with EVMs will be here in 2017 U.P. assembly polls.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/now-verify-your-vote-using-an-audit-machine/articleshow/56397288.cms Now, verify your vote using an ‘audit machine’]</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Ghaziabad Assembly constituency is Ward Nos. 2 to 6, 10, 11, 15, 17, 21, 22, 23,
28, 29, 35, 36, 37, 42, 44, 46, 48, 52, 53, 57 & 59 in Ghaziabad (M Corp.) of Ghaziabad Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Ghaziabad Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/ghaziabad.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Teja Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="3" |Pyare Lal
| style="background-color: {{party color|Republican Party of India}}" |
|[[Republican Party of India]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|[[Rajendra Chaudhary (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Rajendra Chaudhary]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Surendra Kumar Munni
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Krishan Kumar Sharma
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Surendra Kumar Munni
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="3" |Baleshwar Tyagi
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Surendra Prakash Goel]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|2004^
|Surendra Kumar Munni
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Sunil Kumar Sharma (Uttar Pradesh)|Sunil Kumar Sharma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Suresh Bansal]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Atul Garg]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|[[2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections|2024]]^
|[[Sanjeev Sharma (politician)|Sanjeev Sharma]]
|-
|}
^ denotes bypoll

==Election results==

===2024===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 elections in India#Uttar_Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election, 2024]]: Ghaziabad}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Sanjeev Sharma (politician)|Sanjeev Sharma]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 96946
|percentage = 62.99
|change = +1.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Singh Raj Jatav
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 27,595
|percentage = 17.93
|change = -0.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Parmanand Garg
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 10,736
|percentage = 6.98
|change = -11.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ravi Kumar
|party = All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = 6,536
|percentage = 4.25
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Satyapal Chaudhary
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|votes = 6,304
|percentage = 4.10
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = NOTA
|party = None of the Above
|votes = 792
|percentage = 0.51
|change = -0.99
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 69,351
|percentage = 62.99
|change = 45.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,53,904
|percentage = 33.30
|change = -18.47
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Singh Raj Jatav
|swing = +1.62
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Ghaziabad]]<ref name="BJP">{{cite news |last1=Garg |first1=Atul |title=AAP announces 150 candidates for UP elections 2022 {{!}} Check complete list |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/aap-releases-150-candidates-for-uttar-pradesh-polls-2022-check-full-list-2022-01-16-754742 |access-date=27 January 2022 |work=indiatvnews.com |date=16 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Atul Garg
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:150205}}
|percentage = 61.37
|change = {{increase}}6.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Vishal Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:44668}}
|percentage = 18.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Krishan Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:32691}}
|percentage = 13.36
|change = {{decrease}}10.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sushant Goyal
|votes = {{formatnum:11818}}
|percentage = 4.83
|change = {{decrease}}12.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1238}}
|percentage = 0.51
|change = {{decrease}}0.02
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:105537}}
|percentage = 43.12
|change = {{increase}}11.9
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:244766}}
|percentage = 51.75
|change = {{decrease}}1.51
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|swing = +6.38
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Atul Garg]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:124201}}
|percentage = 54.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Suresh Bansal]]
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:53696}}
|percentage = 23.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = K. K. Sharma
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:39648}}
|percentage = 17.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dhirendra
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:2136}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sultan Singh
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:2072}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1184}}
|percentage = 0.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:70505}}
|percentage = 31.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:225856}}
|percentage = 53.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing = +19.42
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Suresh Bansal]]
|votes = 64,485
|percentage = 35.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Atul Garg]]
|votes = 52,364
|percentage = 28.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Surendra Prakash Goel]]
|votes = 37,159
|percentage = 20.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Pawan Sharma
|votes = 17,155
|percentage = 9.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Brij Kishor
|party = Peace Party of India
|votes = 2,078
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 12,121
|percentage = 6.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,81,309
|percentage = 54.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Ghaziabad district, India]]
*[[Ghaziabad Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ghaziabad district]]

Ningol Chakkouba

2026-04-16T22:14:12Z

Tijusacademyoet:

{{Short description|Traditional Meitei festival}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Ningol Chakkouba
| image = Ningol-chakkouba.jpg
| caption = Celebration of Ningol Chakkouba in [[Delhi]]
| observedby = Meiteis
| date = as per [[Meitei calendar]]
| frequency = Once a Year
| type = [[Meitei people]]
| celebrations = Reunion of married women " Ningols " with their siblings and parents for a grand feast. Presentation of gifts to the ningols.
| significance = Celebrates the bond between married women and their paternal home
| begins = 2nd day of the Hiyangei month of the Meitei lunar calendar
| duration = 1 day
}}
<big>'''Ningol Chakkouba''' {{meitei|ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯜ ꯆꯥꯛꯀꯧꯕ|t=feast for married women}}, also known as {{langnf|mni|Hiyangei Nini Paanba|second day of the month of Hiyaangei}}, is a [[Meitei festivals|traditional Meitei festival]], celebrated on the second day of the [[Meitei calendar|lunar month]] of Hiyangei (October–November). It is a celebration of bond of love between married women and their paternal families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur/ningol-chakouba-celebrated-in-manipur.html/amp|title=Ningol Chakouba celebrated in Manipur|date=21 October 2018}}</ref> It is a major festival for the Meitei communities originated from Manipur State of India. It has been celebrated by Meities residing in neighboring states of Manipur like Assam as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar. Other communities in Manipur also share the celebration and it's a public holiday. Manipuri diasporas in many Indian cities outside [[Manipur]], including to [[Bangalore]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-30 |title=Ningol Chakouba in Bengaluru - The Frontier Manipur |url=https://thefrontiermanipur.com/tag/ningol-chakouba-in-bengaluru/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Delhi]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=KanglaOnline |date=2010-11-04 |title=Ningol Chakouba Celebration at Delhi – KanglaOnline |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/ningol-chakouba-celebration-at-delhi/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205125544/https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/ningol-chakouba-celebration-at-delhi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kolkata]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-11-07 |title=Early celebration of traditional Manipuri festival in Kolkata |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/early-celebration-of-traditional-manipuri-festival-in-kolkata/articleshow/66532779.cms |access-date=2023-09-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>[[Mumbai]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ningol Chakkouba celebrated at Navi Mumbai, Mumbai :: October 25 2014 |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=1&src=Festival/NingolChakouba/NCMumbai20141025 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=}}</ref> [[Pune]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ningol Chakouba organized at Pune 20221123 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Press_Release.Press_Release_2022.Ningol_Chakouba_organized_at_Pune_20221123 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=}}</ref> [[Shillong]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Takhellambam |first=Rabi |date=2019-11-12 |title=Fashion Show cum Beauty Contest held in connection with Ningol Chakkouba at Shillong |url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/fashion-show-cum-beauty-contest-held-in-connection-with-ningol-chakkouba-at-shillong/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Silchar]],<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sentinel Digital Desk |date=2015-11-29 |title=Ningol Chakouba celebrated with fanfare - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/ningol-chakouba-celebrated-with-fanfare/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref> as well as in other countries, like [[Australia|Australia]], [[Canada]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ningol Chakouba – Manipuri Association of Canada |url=https://www.manipuricanada.org/gallery-2/ningol-chakouba/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |language=en-CA}}</ref>, [[United States]] as well as in South Korea,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ningol Chakouba and Chavang Kut at Anseong City, South Korea :: November 2, 2019 ~ Pictures from Manipur |url=https://e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=7&src=Festival/NingolChakouba/NCKorea201911 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuris in Korea dedicate Ningol Chakouba funds to support IDPs |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuris-in-korea-dedicate-ningol-chakouba-funds-to-support-idps |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Imphal Free Press |language=en}}</ref> Japan<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-zcQ3wCQS0&feature=youtu.be |title=My first celebration of Ningol Chakouba in Japan |date=2022-11-06 |last=Leishembi and Lal in Japan |access-date=2024-11-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and Taiwan<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=ttIW5Epv5_nUBISQ&v=LBoMk6SNILw&feature=youtu.be |title=Ningol Chakouba in Taiwan, 2020 |date=2020-11-22 |last=Dr. Meetei - Pro. Natural Olympia Champ |access-date=2024-11-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref> hosted the festival.</big>

==Celebration==
{{Urs|date=December 2025}}
<big>On the occasion of Ningol Chakkouba, the parents graciously receive their wedded daughters at their "mapam," or paternal house, for a splendid feast.</big>

<big>The married women, adorned in their most exquisite traditional attire, arrive in the company of their children. They bestow upon their parents' gifts imbued with blessings for both the daughters and their progeny.</big>

<big>It is customary for the son of the family to extend a formal invitation to his sister a week in advance of the gathering.</big>

<big>Though devoid of specific religious connotations, this cherished social celebration serves to fortify the bonds of love and affection between married women and their familial ties. Moreover, it provides a delightful occasion for the reunion of family and friends, some of whom may have journeyed from distant locales.</big>

==See also==
* [[Sajibu Nongma Panba]] - Meitei New year
* [[Yaoshang]] - Manipuri Spring Festival
* [[Heikru Hidongba]] - Manipuri boat racing festival

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Portal bar|Asia|Bangladesh|Food|India|Myanmar}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei festivals]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:October observances]]
[[Category:Festivals in Manipur]]
[[Category:Women's festivals]]
[[Category:Women in Meitei culture]]

Barjala Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:32:56Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting new data

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Tripura State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Barjala
| constituency_no = 4
| state = [[Tripura]]
| district = [[West Tripura district|West Tripura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
| established = 1972
| type = SLA
| map_image = Barjala Assembly constituency map.svg
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Sudip Sarkar]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:47145}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14875-tripura-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Tripura General Legislative Election 2023 - Tripura - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Barjala''' is one of the 60 [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Tripura]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/7249-tripura/ |title=Delimitation Commission of India - Notification |website=eci.gov.in |date=12 May 2005 |author=Shangara Ram |accessdate= 25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=district-AC-Map>{{cite web |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |title=District/AC Map - Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura |website=ceotripura.nic.in |access-date= 23 January 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405133941/http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> It is part of [[West Tripura district|West Tripura]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. It is part of [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Basana Chakraborty || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | Gouri Bhattacharjee || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || Dipak Kumar Roy || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || Arun Bhowmik || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2 | Dipak Kumar Roy || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[Sankar Prasad Datta]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || Jitendra Sarkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || Dr. Dilip Kumar Das || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Sudip Sarkar]]|| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220141112/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudip Sarkar]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=21,486 |percentage=50.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dilip Kumar Das|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=19,697|percentage=46.69%|change={{decrease}}8.73}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=1,001|percentage=2.37%|change={{increase}}1.77}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,789 |percentage=4.24% |change= {{decrease}}11.41 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=42,184|percentage=89.67%|change={{decrease}}4.46}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,145 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2018 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228163855/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Dilip Kumar Das |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,052 |percentage=55.42% |change={{increase}}54.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jhumu Sarkar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=15,825 |percentage=39.77% |change={{decrease}}8.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dipak Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=650 |percentage=1.63% |change={{decrease}}47.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Utpal Das |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=293 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=241 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,227 |percentage=15.65% |change= {{increase}}14.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,789 |percentage=92.76% |change= {{decrease}}0.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,358 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.29 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2013 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165655/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jitendra Sarkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,728 |percentage=49.25% |change={{increase}}1.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jitendra Das |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=17,467 |percentage=48.52% |change={{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Samir Biswas |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=511 |percentage=1.42% |change={{increase}}0.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rahul Das |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=291 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=261 |percentage=0.73% |change= {{decrease}}0.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,997 |percentage=94.64% |change= {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,061 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}0.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sankar Prasad Datta]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=24,853 |percentage=48.93% |change={{increase}}1.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dipak Kumar Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,255 |percentage=47.76% |change={{decrease}}2.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pulak Kumar Debnath |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=697 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pradip Chakraborty |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=371 |percentage=0.73% |change={{decrease}}0.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjib Dey |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=356 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jayanta Kumar Datta |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=257 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=598 |percentage=1.18% |change= {{decrease}}1.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=50,789 |percentage=93.47% |change= {{increase}}11.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,467 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dipak Kumar Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,851 |percentage=50.26% |change={{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalyani Dey(Mitra) |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=17,821 |percentage=47.51% |change={{increase}}5.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pradip Chakraborty |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=423 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brajalal Debnath |party=Independent politician |votes=413 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,030 |percentage=2.75% |change= {{decrease}}6.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,508 |percentage=81.96% |change= {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,767 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.51 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dipak Kumar Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,229 |percentage=50.81% |change={{increase}}15.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhaya Baul |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=13,407 |percentage=41.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manik Das |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,231 |percentage=6.98% |change={{increase}}5.68 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,822 |percentage=8.83% |change= {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,943 |percentage=82.06% |change= {{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,620 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Dal |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Arun Bhowmik |party=Janata Dal |votes=13,483 |percentage=43.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dipak Kumar Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,709 |percentage=34.93% |change={{decrease}}18.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chuni Lal Roy |party=Independent politician |votes=5,587 |percentage=18.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujit Charkraborty |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=400 |percentage=1.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manindra Malakar |party=Independent politician |votes=176 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,774 |percentage=9.05% |change= {{increase}}0.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,658 |percentage=78.26% |change= {{decrease}}7.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,736 |ref = |change= {{increase}}51.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1988 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dipak Kumar Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,889 |percentage=53.53% |change={{increase}}33.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Bhattacharjee |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,020 |percentage=45.11% |change={{decrease}}4.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chatta Bin |party=Janata Party |votes=147 |percentage=0.66% |change={{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,869 |percentage=8.41% |change= {{decrease}}11.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,212 |percentage=85.85% |change= {{increase}}2.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,241 |ref = |change= {{increase}}30.36 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Bhattacharjee |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,160 |percentage=49.30% |change={{decrease}}9.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Basana Chakraborty |party=Independent politician |votes=4,904 |percentage=29.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bholanath Deb |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,292 |percentage=19.89% |change={{increase}}6.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chatta Bin |party=Janata Party |votes=163 |percentage=0.98% |change={{decrease}}2.96 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,256 |percentage=19.67% |change= {{decrease}}15.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,551 |percentage=83.66% |change= {{increase}}1.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,130 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}9.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Bhattacharjee |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,178 |percentage=58.79% |change={{increase}}24.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Reserwar Datta |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=3,317 |percentage=23.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sachindra Dewanjee |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,867 |percentage=13.42% |change={{decrease}}42.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Samar Bijoy Chakraborty |party=Janata Party |votes=549 |percentage=3.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,861 |percentage=34.94% |change= {{increase}}13.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,911 |percentage=82.10% |change= {{increase}}14.07 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,239 |ref = |change= {{increase}}71.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Barjala<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Basana Chakraborty |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,733 |percentage=55.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Bhattacharjee |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,307 |percentage=34.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chatta Bin |party=Independent politician |votes=234 |percentage=3.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rash Mohan Debnath |party=Independent politician |votes=169 |percentage=2.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kumar Kamaljit Sing |party=Independent politician |votes=149 |percentage=2.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gobinda Roy Chowdhury |party=Independent politician |votes=114 |percentage=1.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,426 |percentage=21.26% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,706 |percentage=67.67% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,066 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
*[[West Tripura district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord|23.86|91.27|display=title}}

[[Category:West Tripura district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Tripura]]

Chandragiri Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:43Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting new entry...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chandragiri
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (166-Chandragiri highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Chandragiri Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Pulivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency|Chittoor]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 291,734
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 166
}}

'''Chandragiri Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. It is one the seven assembly segments of [[Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=21, 31|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Pulivarthi Nani]] is the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm|title=Assembly Election 2019|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 291,734 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals==
Chandragiri Assembly constituency consists of Six Mandals.

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandals
|-
| [[Tirupati Rural mandal]](Partially)
|-
| [[Chandragiri mandal]]
|-
| [[Pakala mandal]]
|-
| [[Ramachandrapuram mandal, Tirupati district|Ramachandrapuram mandal]]
|-
| [[Chinnagottigallu mandal]]
|-
| [[Yerravaripalem mandal]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
Election results are as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chandragiri.html|title=Chandragiri Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Chandragiri, Andhra Pradesh|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| A. Adikesavalu Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|Medasani Venkatarama Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| N. R. Jayadeva Naidu
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[Galla Aruna Kumari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan=3 |[[Galla Aruna Kumari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Chevireddy Bhaskar Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Pulivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Adikesavalu Naiudu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,988 |percentage=46.99% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Raja Reddi |party=Independent politician |votes=18,006 |percentage=35.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Dasaratha Rao |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,514 |percentage=8.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rama Chandra Reddi |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,944 |percentage=3.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Narasayya |party= |votes=1,576 |percentage=3.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Krishnamurthy |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=1,024 |percentage=2.01% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,982 |percentage=11.72% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,052 |percentage=64.95% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,604 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1978===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (Indira)
|candidate = [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|votes = 35,092
|percentage = 44.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Kongara Pattabhi Rama Chowdary
|votes = 32,598
|percentage = 41.08
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = P. Balasubramanyam Chowdary
|votes = 6,482
|percentage = 8.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,494
|percentage = 3.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 79,338
|percentage = 77.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress (Indira)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1983===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Medasani Venkatarama Naidu
|votes = 50,010
|percentage = 59.49
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|votes = 32,581
|percentage = 38.76
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 17,429
|percentage = 20.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 84,058
|percentage = 77.68
|change = {{increase}}0.4
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress (Indira)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1985===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = N.R.Jayadevanaidu
|votes = 44,155
|percentage = 50.09
|change = {{decrease}}9.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = P.Balasubramanyam Chowdary
|votes = 42,475
|percentage = 48.18
|change = {{increase}}9.42
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,680
|percentage = 1.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 88,141
|percentage = 71.2
|change = {{decrease}}6.5
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1989 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Aruna Kumari Galla]]
|votes = 54,270
|percentage = 49.84
|change = {{increase}}1.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = N.R.Jayadevanaidu
|votes = 54,005
|percentage = 49.60
|change = {{decrease}}0.49
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 265
|percentage = 0.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 108,872
|percentage = 75
|change = {{increase}}3.8
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1994===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]]
|votes = 60,311
|percentage = 54.62
|change = {{increase}}5.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Aruna Kumari Galla]]
|votes = 43,959
|percentage = 39.81
|change = {{decrease}}10.03
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,352
|percentage = 14.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 110,402
|percentage = 76.6
|change = {{increase}}1.6
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1999 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Aruna Kumari Galla]]
|votes = 57,915
|percentage = 50.37
|change = {{increase}}10.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]]
|votes = 55,644
|percentage = 48.39
|change = {{decrease}}6.23
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,271
|percentage = 1.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 114,970
|percentage = 73.1
|change = {{decrease}}3.5
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Aruna Kumari Galla]]
|votes = 46,838
|percentage = 40.21
|change = {{decrease}}10.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = E. Ramanadham Naidu
|votes = 32,446
|percentage = 27.86
|change = {{decrease}}20.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]]
|votes = 31,525
|percentage = 27.07
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14,392
|percentage = 12.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 116,471
|percentage = 75.87
|change = {{increase}}2.77
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Aruna Kumari Galla]]
|votes = 71,942
|percentage = 42.10
|change = {{increase}}1.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Roja Selvamani|R.K.Roja]]
|votes = 60,962
|percentage = 35.68
|change = {{increase}}7.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = Saikam Sairamani
|votes = 29,833
|percentage = 17.46
|change = new
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,980
|percentage = 6.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 170,871
|percentage = 77.98
|change = {{increase}}2.11
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Chevireddy Bhaskar Reddy]]
|votes = 100,924
|percentage = 49.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Aruna Kumari Galla]]
|votes = 96,406
|percentage = 46.86
|change = {{increase}}11.18
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,518
|percentage = 2.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 205,724
|percentage = 83.27
|change = {{increase}}5.29
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Chevireddy Bhaskar Reddy]]
|votes = 127,790
|percentage = 56.00
|change = {{increase}}6.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Pulivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad]]
|votes = 86,035
|percentage = 37.70
|change = {{decrease}}9.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janasena Party
|candidate = Dr Setty Surendra
|votes = 4,531
|percentage = 1.99|
change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None Of The Above
|votes = 1,777
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = P. Madhu Babu
|votes = 1,158
|percentage = 0.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 41,755
|percentage = 18.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 228,192
|percentage = 89.0
|change = {{increase}}5.73
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandragiri<ref name="Andhrapradesh Assembly Elections 2024 - Chandragiri">{{cite news |title=Andhrapradesh Assembly Elections 2024 - Chandragiri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01166.htm |access-date=4 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304175327/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01166.htm |archive-date=4 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chandragiri Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Chandragiri Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/chandragiri |access-date=4 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304175412/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/chandragiri |archive-date=4 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Pulivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad]]
|votes = 143,667
|percentage = 56.73
|change = {{increase}}19.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Chevireddy Mohit Reddy
|votes = 99,815
|percentage = 34.16
|change = {{decrease}}21.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kanuparthy Srinivasulu
|votes = 2,971
|percentage = 1.01
|change = {{increase}}0.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None Of The Above
|votes = 1,700
|percentage = 0.58
|change = {{decrease}}0.2
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 43,852
|percentage = 22.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 255,249
|percentage = 79.89
|change = {{decrease}}9.11
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|13.59|79.32|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tirupati district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Ambati Rambabu

2026-04-14T03:15:40Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting new entry...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Family name hatnote|Ambati|lang=Telugu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ambati Rambabu
| office = [[Department of Water Resources Development (Andhra Pradesh)|Minister of Water Resources Development]] [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| governor = [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
| 1namedata = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| term_start = 11 April 2022
| term_end = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Poluboina Anil Kumar]]
| successor = [[Nimmala Rama Naidu]]
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_end1 = 2024
| term_start1 = 2019
| constituency1 = [[Sattenapalle Assembly constituency|Sattenapalle]]
| successor1 = [[Kanna Lakshminarayana]]
| predecessor1 = [[Kodela Siva Prasada Rao]]
| term_end2 = 1994
| term_start2 = 1989
| constituency2 = [[Repalle Assembly constituency|Repalle]]
| successor2 = Mummaneni Venkata Subbaiah
| predecessor2 = Yadla Venkata Rao
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| image = Ambati Rambabu 2020-08-17.png
| caption = Ambati in August 2020
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|65|2022|4|12}}<ref name=":2" />
| birth_place = [[Repalle, Andhra Pradesh]], India
| children = 3
}}

'''Ambati Rambabu''' (born {{Birth based on age as of date|65|2022|4|12|noage=1}})<ref name=":2" /> is an Indian politician from the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He has served as the [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry|Minister for Irrigation]] since 2022. A member of the [[YSR Congress Party]], he was a member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Sattenapalle Assembly constituency|Sattenapalle constituency]] in the 2019 elections.

He entered politics with [[Indian National Congress]]. He was elected the Member of the Legislative Assembly from [[Repalle Assembly constituency|Repalle constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1985 |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1985-election-results.html/ |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=Elections in India |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301202729/http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1985-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref> during 1989–94, and later served as the chairman of [[Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation]] during 2005–09. After the [[death of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], he continued his support of Reddy's son [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]. In July 2010, he was suspended from the Indian National Congress. In March 2011, he joined Jagan's newly-founded [[YSR Congress Party]] and has been a spokesperson for that party.

== Early life and education ==
Ambati Rambabu was born to AVSR Anjaneyulu and Venkata Subbamma in [[Repalle, Andhra Pradesh]]. He completed law education from the Nyaya Vidya Parishath Law College at [[Visakhapatnam]] in 1986. He practiced briefly as an [[advocate]] in his early career.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Ambati Rambabu, The Fiery Eloquent YSRCP Spokesperson Gets Ministerial Berth |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/ap-cabinet-20-ambati-rambabu-fiery-eloquent-ysrcp-spokesperson-gets-ministerial |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424150614/https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/ap-cabinet-20-ambati-rambabu-fiery-eloquent-ysrcp-spokesperson-gets-ministerial |url-status=live }}</ref> He acted in an obscure film during his younger years before moving on to politics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=New Cabinet Minister Ambati Rambabu Was Once a Tollywood Hero. Check Pics |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/new-cabinet-minister-ambati-rambabu-was-once-a-tollywood-hero-check-pics-4970191.html |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413113558/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/new-cabinet-minister-ambati-rambabu-was-once-a-tollywood-hero-check-pics-4970191.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Political career ==

=== Indian National Congress ===
Ambati started his political career with [[Indian National Congress]]. He was appointed the legal cell convener of the Guntur District Congress Party in 1988, president of the District Youth Congress in 1994 and as the chairman of the Non-Conventional Energy Resources Development Corporation.<ref name=":0" />

In the [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s from [[Repalle Assembly constituency|Repalle constituency]], he contested as a Congress party candidate and won as the MLA.<ref name=":0" /> However, he lost the [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]] and [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] elections to [[Telugu Desam Party]]'s (TDP) Mummaneni Venkata Subbaiah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1999 |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1999-election-results.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Elections in India |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425151110/https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1999-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1994 |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1994-election-results.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Elections in India |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425151113/https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1994-election-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" />

He was the chairman of [[Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation]] (APIIC) from 2005 until 2007 during the chief ministership of [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Md. Ilyas |date=12 April 2022 |title=Jagan Cabinet 2.0 - Profiles of 25 Ministers |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/120422/jagan-cabinet-20-profiles-of-25-ministers.html |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422171924/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/120422/jagan-cabinet-20-profiles-of-25-ministers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also the general secretary of [[Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee]] (APCC).<ref name=":1"/>

=== Suspension from Congress ===
After the [[death of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], the then [[chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]] from Congress who died in a helicopter crash in September 2009,<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2009 |title=Rajasekhara Reddy and aides dead |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national//article60630562.ece |url-status=live |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430125440/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national//article60630562.ece |archive-date=30 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> his son [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] went on an {{Lang|te|odarpu yatra}}, a consolation tour during which he visited families supposedly affected by the death of his father, against the wishes of Congress party's High Command. Ambati, a confidant of Jagan and his father,{{refn|<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />}} stated in July 2010 he would remain with Congress and support Jagan at the same time.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=T. S. Sudhir |date=6 July 2010 |title=A rebel is born. Y S Jagan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/a-rebel-is-born-y-s-jagan-422914 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425134600/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/a-rebel-is-born-y-s-jagan-422914 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Later the same month, he alleged that [[Konijeti Rosaiah]], the then chief minister of Andhra Pradesh,<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 July 2010 |title=Ambati Rambabu wants suspension kept on hold |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Ambati-Rambabu-wants-suspension-kept-on-hold/article16207167.ece |access-date=28 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426130030/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Ambati-Rambabu-wants-suspension-kept-on-hold/article16207167.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> was obstructing Jagan's {{Lang|te|yatra}}. Following a complaint by APCC over his statement, [[All India Congress Committee]] suspended him from Congress party citing anti-party activities and statements.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=17 July 2010 |title=Ambati Rambabu suspended |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Ambati-Rambabu-suspended/article16201539.ece |access-date=25 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425131544/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Ambati-Rambabu-suspended/article16201539.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2010 |title=Jagan 'pained' by Rambabu's suspension |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/jagan-pained-by-rambabus-suspension/ |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425131114/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/jagan-pained-by-rambabus-suspension/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

He acted as the chief spokesman for Jagan's camp, a group comprising MLAs and other politicians from Congress party who supported Jagan, when Jagan was still with Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2010 |title=Jagan group in a 'wait and watch' mode |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/jagan-group-in-a-wait-and-watch-mode/ |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428091152/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/jagan-group-in-a-wait-and-watch-mode/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== YSR Congress Party ===
In March 2011, Ambati joined Jagan's newly-founded [[YSR Congress Party]] (YSRCP).<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2011 |title=Ambati dares Ravindra |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Ambati-dares-Ravindra/article14950696.ece |access-date=28 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428092230/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Ambati-dares-Ravindra/article14950696.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2011 |title=Jagan announces YSR Congress Party |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jagan-announces-ysr-congress-party/story-M1FKQLttdno6zjh4EY2lIP.html |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428092801/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jagan-announces-ysr-congress-party/story-M1FKQLttdno6zjh4EY2lIP.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2022|4}}, he is one of the official spokespersons of YSRCP, having been appointed as such in May 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2011 |title=Reddys dominate Jaganparty governing council |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/reddys-dominate-jaganparty-governing-council/articleshow/8592821.cms |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425124915/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/reddys-dominate-jaganparty-governing-council/articleshow/8592821.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Janyala |first=Sreenivas |date=11 April 2022 |title=Among those Jagan dropped: Minister accused of running casino to another involved in spat with MLAs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/political-pulse/jagan-dropped-minister-accused-of-running-casino-another-involved-spat-with-mlas-7864868/ |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425125738/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/political-pulse/jagan-dropped-minister-accused-of-running-casino-another-involved-spat-with-mlas-7864868/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2011, Telugu news channel [[ABN Andhra Jyothi]] broadcast a [[sting operation]] on Ambati where he was alleged to have allured a woman over phone for sexual favours. A few hours later, the woman involved came forward and declared that she was coerced by a representative of the news channel to make the allegations. Several [[cable operators]] in [[Guntur]], in which Ambati holds a majority stake-holding, had blocked broadcast of the channel; Ambati denied the allegations and accused the channel of defaming him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2011 |title=Sting operation on Ambati boomerangs on TV channel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sting-operation-on-ambati-boomerangs-on-tv-channel/articleshow/10014528.cms |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425125140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sting-operation-on-ambati-boomerangs-on-tv-channel/articleshow/10014528.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 2011 |title=Ambati complains against TV news channel |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/ambati-complains-against-tv-news-channel/article2461252.ece |access-date=26 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426133007/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/ambati-complains-against-tv-news-channel/article2461252.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He obtained a temporary injunction from [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] against the channel, restricting it from broadcasting any content defaming him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2011 |title=HC restrains channel from airing 'sting' on Ambati Rambabu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hc-restrains-channel-from-airing-sting-on-ambati-rambabu/articleshow/10167459.cms |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519181459/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hc-restrains-channel-from-airing-sting-on-ambati-rambabu/articleshow/10167459.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2013, Ambati was questioned by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] as part of an investigation into alleged irregularities in land allotments to Emaar Properties involving APIIC and Rajasekhara Reddy's government, as Ambati was the chairman of the corporation at that time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2012 |title=Emaar case: Jagan's aide Ambati appears before CBI |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh//article60475090.ece |access-date=25 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425142211/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh//article60475090.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He alleged that the investigation was intended to harass Jagan, his family and YSRCP members.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2012 |title=CBI on a devious course: Ambati Rambabu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2012/jan/25/cbi-on-a-devious-course-ambati-rambabu-333644.html |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425142413/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2012/jan/25/cbi-on-a-devious-course-ambati-rambabu-333644.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

He contested the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 elections]] as the YSRCP candidate from [[Sattenapalle Assembly constituency|Sattenapalle constituency]] and lost to [[Kodela Siva Prasada Rao]] of TDP. He later contested the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 elections]] from Sattenapalle, despite facing resistance from local YSRCP politicians, and won as the MLA against Kodela.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=10 January 2019 |title=Ambati faces dissent in Sattenapalli |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ambati-faces-dissent-in-sattenapalli/article25963755.ece |access-date=25 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425140331/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ambati-faces-dissent-in-sattenapalli/article25963755.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In April 2022, he was inducted into the [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry|Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy's cabinet]] and was allocated the Ministry of Irrigation (Water Resources) portfolio, replacing [[Anil Kumar Poluboina]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 April 2022 |title=Buggana retains finance, Vanitha gets Home |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/buggana-retains-finance-vanithagets-home/article65311357.ece |access-date=25 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414035533/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/buggana-retains-finance-vanithagets-home/article65311357.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 April 2022 |title=Andhra Pradesh: statements of Central, State governments causing confusion on Polavaram project, says CPI(M) State secretary |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/andhra-pradesh-statements-of-central-state-governments-causing-confusion-on-polavaram-project-says-cpim-state-secretary/article65351180.ece |access-date=25 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425075140/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/andhra-pradesh-statements-of-central-state-governments-causing-confusion-on-polavaram-project-says-cpim-state-secretary/article65351180.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 June 2019 |title=Andhra Pradesh Ministers: Portfolios and profiles |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-ministers-portfolios-and-profiles/article27698301.ece |access-date=25 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816165735/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-ministers-portfolios-and-profiles/article27698301.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also appointed the in-charge minister for [[Nellore district]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arikatla |first=Venkat |date=19 April 2022 |title=New in-charge ministers, district presidents for YSRC |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/politics/andhra-news/new-in-charge-ministers-dist-presidents-for-ysrc-120477 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=greatandhra.com |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419231132/https://www.greatandhra.com/politics/andhra-news/new-in-charge-ministers-dist-presidents-for-ysrc-120477 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] he contested the elections from [[Sattenapalle Assembly constituency|sattenapalle]] and lost to his rival [[Kanna Lakshminarayana]] by 27,836 votes.

== Personal life ==
Ambati is married to Vijayalakshmi.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2r9aJXoLeuc |title=YSRCP Leader Ambati Rambabu Wife Vijayalakshmi Election Campaign in Sattenapalli |date=1 April 2019 |language=te |publisher=[[Sakshi TV]] |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> The couple has three daughters.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7PoSsQSh9E |title=తన కుటుంబ వివరాలని పంచుకున్న అంబటి రాంబాబు {{!}}{{!}} Talking Politics With iDream |date=10 September 2016 |language=te |publisher=iDream News |trans-title=Ambati Rambabu sharing his family details {{!}}{{!}} Talking Politics With iDream |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ambati, Rambabu}}
[[Category:People from Bapatla district]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1989–1994]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Economy of Tiruchirappalli

2026-04-13T13:10:12Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting new details...

{{short description|none}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
[[File:Trichy Night View! (6621644333).jpg|thumb|[[Trichy]] at night]]
The '''economy of [[Tiruchirappalli]]''' is mainly industrial. The factories of [[Ordnance Factories Board]] such as [[Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli]] and [[Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project]]. [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] (BHEL), and [[Golden Rock Railway Workshop]] are located in Tiruchirappalli. Due to the presence of boiler manufacturing units BHEL and Cethar Vessels, Tiruchirappalli is also known as the "Boiler capital of India".<ref name="economictimes_20100110">{{cite news|title=Trichy: IT infrastructure to pep up property prices|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/property/trichy-it-infrastructure-to-pep-up-property-prices/articleshow/5429292.cms|work=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]|date=10 January 2010}}</ref>

== Cigars ==
Tiruchirappalli was popular throughout the [[British Empire]] for its unique variety of ''[[cheroot]]'' known as the [[Trichinopoly cigar]].<ref name="hobsonjobson_tritchies">{{cite book|title=Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases|chapter=Trichies, Tritchies|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:367.hobson|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212143256/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:367.hobson|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-12-12|publisher=J. Murray|year=1903|first1=Sir Henry|last1=Yule|authorlink1=Sir Henry Yule|first2=Arthur Coke|last2=Burnell|authorlink2=Arthur Coke Burnell|page=938}}</ref> The Trichinopoly cigar was actually manufactured from tobacco grown near the town of [[Dindigul]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Trichinopoly |volume= 27 | pages = 265–266 see end of first para |quote=... the well-known Trichinopoly cigars are chiefly manufactured from tobacco grown outside the district at Dindigul}}</ref> near the present-day Tiruchirappalli.
The characteristics of the ashes produced by the fabled Trichinopoly are described by [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s fictitious detective [[Sherlock Holmes]] in his 1887 novel ''[[A Study in Scarlet]]''. At its peak, over 12 million cigars were manufactured and exported annually.<ref name="imperialgazetteer1908v24p36" /> Tanned hides and skins from Tiruchirappalli were exported to the UK.<ref name="imperialgazetteer1908v24p36">''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', Vol 24, p 36</ref>

== Markets ==
[[File:Chili Vendors - Tiruchirappalli - India.JPG|150px|thumb|right|Chilli vendors in Tiruchirappalli]]

The city has a number of retail and wholesale markets, the chief among them being the Gandhi market which is an important source of vegetables<ref name="thehindu_20101228">{{cite news|title=Arrival of onions from Maharashtra stabilizes price|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/28/stories/2010122854770800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231072338/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/28/stories/2010122854770800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2010|author=Syed Muthathar Saqaf|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 December 2010}}</ref> for the whole region.<ref name="thehindu_20100601">{{cite news|title=Market to be shifted|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/01/stories/2010060158570100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606024606/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/01/stories/2010060158570100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 June 2010|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 June 2010}}</ref>

== Retail chains ==
Popular textile stores like ''[[The Chennai Silks]]'',<ref name="chennaisilks">{{cite web|title=About Us|publisher=The Chennai Silks|url=https://www.thechennaisilks.com/about-us}}</ref> [[Pothys]] and ''[[Naidu Hall]]''<ref name="naidhall">{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.naiduhall.co.in/aboutus.html|publisher=Naidu Hall|access-date=30 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528112448/http://www.naiduhall.co.in/aboutus.html|archive-date=28 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> and jewellery stores JOYALUKKAS and Jos Alukkas<ref name="showrooms">{{cite web|title=Showrooms|publisher=JOYALUKKAS and Jos Alukkas|url=http://www.josalukkasjewellery.com/showrooms.html|access-date=30 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620124715/http://josalukkasjewellery.com/showrooms.html|archive-date=20 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> have showrooms in Tiruchirappalli. There are also branches of Chennai-based eatery [[Adyar Ananda Bhavan]].<ref name="a2b">{{cite web|title=About Us|publisher=Adyar Ananda Bhavan|url=http://www.aabsweets.in/aboutus.html|access-date=30 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301012149/http://aabsweets.in/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 March 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Industries ==
[[File:Unit-7 facade.jpg|thumb|left|180px|The entrance to Unit-7 of Cethar Vessels Private Limited]]
[[File:Armoury Gate.JPG|thumb|left|180px|Golden Rock Railway Workshop]]
Tiruchirappalli is a major engineering equipment manufacturing hub in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The [[Golden Rock Railway Workshop]], moved to Tiruchirappalli from [[Nagapattinam]] in 1928, is one of the three railway [[workshop]]–cum–production unit in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="colonialismp126">{{cite book|title=Children of Colonialism: Anglo-Indians in a Postcolonial World|page=126|author=Lionel Caplan|publisher=Berg Publishers|year=2003|isbn=1859736327|id=}}</ref> The workshops produced 650 conventional and low-container flat wagons during the year 2007–08.<ref name="goldenrock_thehindu20080411">{{cite news|title=Golden Rock railway workshop rolls out stainless steel wagon prototype|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/11/stories/2008041156540200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414210046/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/11/stories/2008041156540200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2008|author=P. Rajaram|date=11 April 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The chief workshop manager's office at Golden Rock was awarded a star rating by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency for the proper and regulated usage of electricity in its offices.<ref name="toi_20101216">{{cite news|title=Southern Railway to launch new generation locomotive to save power|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Southern-Railway-to-launch-new-generation-locomotive-to-save-power-/articleshow/7108514.cms|date=16 December 2010|work=Times of India}}</ref>

A High Pressure Boiler manufacturing plant was set up by the [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] (BHEL), India's largest public sector engineering company, in May 1965.<ref name="casestudiesp71">{{cite book|title=Case Studies In Marketing: The Indian Context|edition=4th|author=Srinivasan|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|id=|page=71|chapter=Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|year=2009|isbn=978-81-203-3543-1}}</ref><ref name="inflationp122">{{cite book|title=Inflation accounting practices in India's corporate sector|author=Mohd Rizwan Ahmad|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2003|id=|page=122|isbn=81-269-0216-7}}</ref> This was followed by a Seamless Steel Plant set up at a cost of {{INRConvert|580|m}} and a Boiler Auxiliaries Plant. The three manufacturing units constitute the BHEL industrial complex and cover a total area of about {{Convert|22927.4|m2|ft2}}. The plant can generate up to {{convert|6.2|MW}} of electricity using coal as a resource.<ref name="bioenergyp19">{{cite book|title=Bio-energy for rural energisation: proceedings of the National Bio-Energy Convention-95 on Bio-Energy for Rural engergisation, organised by Bio-Energy Society of India, during December 4–15, 1995 at I.I.T. New Delhi|author=R. C. Maheshwari|author2=Pradeep Chaturvedi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1997|page=19|isbn=81-7022-670-8|id=}}</ref> Other important industries in Tiruchirappalli include the Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL) which was established at [[Senthaneerpuram]] in the then [[Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli|Golden Rock municipality]] in 1966.<ref name="madrasdistp553">{{cite book|title=Madras District Gazetteers: Tiruchirappalli (pt. 1-2)|page=553|year=1998|publisher=Superintendent, Government Press}}</ref> and the Trichy Steel Rolling Mills which was started as a private limited company on 27 June 1961.<ref name="madrasdistp539">{{cite book|title=Madras District Gazetteers: Tiruchirappalli (pt. 1-2)|page=539|year=1998|publisher=Superintendent, Government Press}}</ref> The Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited manufactures [[rectified spirit]],<ref name="madrasdistp553"/> [[acetaldehyde]],<ref name="madrasdistp553" /> [[acetic acid]],<ref name="madrasdistp553" /> [[acetic anhydride]]<ref name="narcotip56">{{cite book|title=Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Their Precursors|page=56|publisher=United Nations Publications|isbn=92-1-048082-1|id=}}</ref> and [[ethyl acetate]]. It is one of the biggest private sector distilleries in Tamil Nadu and produced 13.5 million litres of [[Distilled beverage|spirit alcohol]] between December 2005 and November 2006.<ref name="gov_prohibition">{{cite web|title=Demand No. 37: Prohibition and Excise|publisher=Home, Prohibition and Excise Department|page=12|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2007-08/pdf/prohibition_excise.pdf|date=August 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121013115/http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2007-08/pdf/prohibition_excise.pdf|archivedate=21 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Cethar Vessels is a boiler plant based in Tiruchirappalli. It was established in the year 1981 and started manufacturing activities in 1984. Achieved a sales turnover of {{INRConvert|14.05|b}} in 2007–2008. Present net worth of the company is {{INRConvert|3.32|b}}. Cethar Vessels are in the fore front of meeting the requirements of a wide spectrum of industry with their products and services. Be it Boilers for Power Generation or for Steam Generation in Process Industries, Cethar have the expertise and experience of over two decades. Boiler Auxiliaries that include Fans, Electrostatic Precipitator, Cooling Towers, Fuel Handling Systems, and Water Treatment Systems are also in our repertoire. Cethar's capable personnel have the expertise to build Power Plants whether Captive or Co-Generation mode, in an EPC Basis. The needs of Industries such as Paper, Chemical, Steel, Cement, Distilleries, Textiles, Rayons, Sugar, Food, PetroChemicals and various other Process industries, can be met by Cethar with their modern Boiler Technologies.

== Weapon manufacturing units ==
The [[Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli]] (OFT) and [[Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project]] (HAPP) are defence establishments, operated by the Indian [[Ordnance Factories Board]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ofbindia.nic.in/units/index.php?unit=happ |title=Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project |accessdate=2011-05-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527001950/http://ofbindia.nic.in/units/index.php?unit=happ |archivedate=27 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> located at a distance of about {{Convert|25|km}} from the heart of Tiruchirappalli.<ref name="oft">{{cite web |url=http://ofbindia.nic.in/units/index.php?unit=oft |title=Indian Ordnance Factories: Ordnance Factory Tiruchirapalli |publisher=Ofbindia.nic.in |accessdate=7 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423103517/http://ofbindia.nic.in/units/index.php?unit=oft |archivedate=23 April 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> They are amongst the 41 Indian Ordnance Factories operated by the OFB throughout India. OFT was established in 1966 by the then Prime Minister of India, [[Indira Gandhi]] and HAPP in 1980s as a unit of [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] in collaboration with other government defence agencies and under the assistance of some foreign partners. It was later on handed over to OFB after full scale development of the product was completed, to start the full-scale production.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/19/stories/2007031903350200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109083333/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/19/stories/2007031903350200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2012 |title=Tamil Nadu / Tiruchi News : Ordnance Factories Day celebrated in Tiruchi |date=19 March 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The factory produces the ''Fin Stabilized Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot'' (FSAPDS) which is a weapon of high kinetic energy used in tanks and other armor-piercing ammunition.<ref name="oft"/>

== Software ==
{{Main|ELCOT IT Park Trichy}}
[[File:ELCOT IT Park.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Vuram's Office at ELCOT IT Park, Tiruchirappalli]]
The annual software exports of the Tiruchi region amount to {{INR}} 262 million ([[US$]]5.8 million).<ref name="economictimes_it">{{cite news|title=Trichy: IT infrastructure to pep up property prices|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/property/trichy-it-infrastructure-to-pep-up-property-prices/articleshow/5429292.cms|work=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]] | date=10 January 2010}}</ref> The ELCOT IT Park, the first IT park in the city has been commissioned at a cost of {{INR}} 600 million ([[US$]]13.5 million) and inaugurated by the Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, [[M. K. Stalin]] on 9 December 2010.<ref name="thehindu_tiruchiitcomm">{{cite news|title=Tiruchi IT Park commissioned|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/10/stories/2010121061490100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212220301/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/10/stories/2010121061490100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 December 2010|date=10 December 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref name="thehindu_itpark">{{cite news|title=Tiruchi gets IT park|date=10 December 2010|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/10/stories/2010121059100100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213205513/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/10/stories/2010121059100100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 December 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Set up by the Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu, the park occupies an area of {{Convert|59.74|ha|acre}} and constitutes a [[Special Economic Zone]] that has employs 1535 people in the various organizations functioning from the IT park as of December 2021.<ref name="thehindu_itpark" /><ref name="thehindu_20080719">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/19/stories/2008071953840500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725093732/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/19/stories/2008071953840500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 July 2008 |title=Tamil Nadu / Tiruchi News : ELCOT to build 50,000 sq.ft. of office space in Tier II cities |date=19 July 2008 |accessdate=21 April 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

In 2017, the hyperautomation services company, [[Vuram]] that specializes in low-code enterprise automation started operations at the [[ELCOT IT Park Trichy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/elcot-on-expansion-mode-at-navalpattu/article24496504.ece|title = ELCOT on expansion mode at Navalpattu|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 23 July 2018|last1 = Krishnamoorthy|first1 = R.}}</ref> The organization's technology stack encompasses business process management (BPM), robotic process automation (RPA), optical character recognition (OCR), document processing, and analytics. The organization has announced that it will continue to expand its workforce in the region hiring 400 more employees across India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/it-company-vuram-to-hire-400-professionals-this-year-11616063943151.html|title = IT company Vuram to hire 400 professionals this year|date = 18 March 2021}}</ref> Also, the Indian software company [[Infosys]], is planning to start its operations in Tiruchirappalli.<ref name="economictimes_20090728">{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-07-28/news/27653675_1_tier-ii-software-major-infosys-managing-director-s-gopalakrishnan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121100354/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-07-28/news/27653675_1_tier-ii-software-major-infosys-managing-director-s-gopalakrishnan |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 January 2012 |title=Infosys eyeing Tier-II cities for expansion - Economic Times |work=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]] |date=28 July 2009 |accessdate=21 April 2011}}</ref> Infosys Foundation, the philanthropic and CSR arm of Infosys, has signed an MoU with the Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) - Tiruchirapalli to construct a 100-bed hostel for girls on their campus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/infosys-foundation-to-construct-100-bed-hostel-for-girls-at-iiit-tiruchirapalli/articleshow/80326188.cms|title=Infosys Foundation to construct 100-bed hostel for girls at IIIT - Tiruchirapalli|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Economy of Tiruchirappalli| ]]

Manindra Reang

2026-04-10T20:22:57Z

Tijusacademyoet:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Manindra Reang
| native_name =
| office = [[Minister (government)|Minister for Tribal Welfare (TRP & PTG), Home (Jail) and GA (Printing and Stationery)]]
| president =
| prime_minister =
| image =
| image_size = 250px
| office1 = Member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Santirbazar Assembly constituency|Santirbazar]]
| constituency2 =
| term_start = 2003
| term_end = 2018
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start1 = 2003
| term_start2 =
| term_end1 = 2018
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1948|08|15}}
| birth_place = [[Tripura]], [[British India]]
| alma_mater =
| party = [[The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance]]
| blank1 = Religion
| data1 = [[Hindu]]
| spouse = Parbati Reang
| parents =
*Bedanta Reang (Father)
*Nokkaforti Reang (Mother)
}}

'''Manindra Reang''' is a [[Tripuri people|Tipra]]-[[India]]n politician from [[Tripura]]. He won the election as a [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Santirbazar Assembly constituency|Santirbazar]] for 2003 to 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tripura/2013/santirbazar-st/|title=Santirbazar (ST) Tripura Assembly Election 2013 Result|website=Latestly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/santirbazar-tripura-assembly-constituency|title=Santirbazar Assembly Constituency Election Result|website=Result University}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/tripura/santirbazar-election-result/|title=Santirbazar ST|website=News 18|access-date=2022-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2022-02-28|url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/santirbazar.html|title=Santirbazar (Tripura) Assembly Constituency Elections|website=Elections India}}</ref>

He became minister of Minister for Tribal Welfare (TRP & PTG), Home (Jail) and GA (Printing and Stationery) of Tripura from 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2003/tripura/168/25|title=2003 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Tripura|website=India Votes}}</ref> to 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/print/178966|title=Higher Secondary Examination conducted by Tripura Board of Secondary Education has started|website=Bangla News 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/election-results-left-retains-tripura-ruling-parties-ahead-in-meghalaya-nagaland/articleshow/18728864.cms|title=Election results: Left retains Tripura, ruling parties ahead|access-date=2022-12-30|website=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ali|first=Syed Sajjad|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/tripuras-state-of-the-art-prison-gets-ready/article5082633.ece?homepage=true|title=Tripura's State of The Art Prison Gets Ready|website=The Hindu|access-date=2022-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tripura-infoway.com/news-details/TN/3415/tripura-pays-tribute-to-mahatma-gandhi-on-66th-death-anniversary.html|title=Minister for Prison, TRPC&PTG Manindra Reang pay tribute to Mahatma Gandhi|website=Tripura Infoway|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230145007/https://tripura-infoway.com/news-details/TN/3415/tripura-pays-tribute-to-mahatma-gandhi-on-66th-death-anniversary.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>...<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tripuraassembly.nic.in/current%20members%20profilenew.pdf|title=OATH / AFFIRMATION BY ELEVENTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY MEMBERS|website=Tripura Legislative Assembly}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/lf-back-in-tripura-npf-in-nagaland-and-congress-in-meghalaya-306667.html|title=LF back in Tripura, NPF in Nagaland and Congress in Meghalaya|newspaper=Deccan Herald|agency=PTI|date=28 February 2013|accessdate=3 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2008-03-10|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/manik-sarkar-sworn-in-as-tripura-cm-for-fourth-time-23512-2008-03-10|title=Manik Sarkar sworn in as Tripura CM for fourth time|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tripurainfoways.com/news-details/TN/7093/santirbazar-transport-minister-inaugurates-dto-office.html|title=Shatirbazar:Transport Minister Inaugurates DTO Office|website=Tripura Infoway|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230145008/https://tripurainfoways.com/news-details/TN/7093/santirbazar-transport-minister-inaugurates-dto-office.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Biswendu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/manik-sarkar-sworn-in-as-tripura-cm/articleshow/18841889.cms|title=Manik Sarkar sworn in Tripura as CM|website=Times of India}}</ref>

After defeating in 2018 election Manindra Reang joined [[Janata Dal (United)]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ray|first=Sankar|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/myopic-left-lost-tripura-1502614810.html/|title=Why myopic Left lost Tripura|website=The Statesman}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/tripura/tripura-former-cpi-leader-manindra-reang-joins-jd-u/cid2536536.htm|title=Tripura Former CPI Leader Manindra Reang Joins JD(U)|website=The Northeast Today|archive-date=30 December 2022|access-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230150520/https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/tripura/tripura-former-cpi-leader-manindra-reang-joins-jd-u/cid2536536.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2022, Manindra Reang joined Tipra Motha.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://neindia.com/NeIndiaNews/former-minister-manindra-reang-joined-the-tipra-matha-15138.html|title=Former minister Manindra Reang joins Tipra Motha|website=NE India|archive-date=30 December 2022|access-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230145021/https://neindia.com/NeIndiaNews/former-minister-manindra-reang-joined-the-tipra-matha-15138.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2019-02-09| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/tripura-former-min-joins-tipra/articleshow/89694788.cms|title=Tripura Former Minister Joins Tipra Motha|website=Times of India|access-date=2022-12-29}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tipra Motha Party politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2013–2018]]

Ashok Sharma (politician)

2026-04-08T04:55:36Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1950)}}
{{about||the Indian politician from Assam|Ashok Sarma}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ashok Sharma
| image = Ashok Sharma.jpg
| caption = Ashok Sharma in 2018
| birth_date = c. 1959
| birth_place = Dholpur, Rajasthan, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2022|8|3|1959}}
| death_place = Dholpur, Rajasthan, India
| education = B.Sc., Maharaj College, University of Rajasthan
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] (until 2018)
| father = [[Banwari Lal Sharma]]
| known_for = Member of the Jagan political family
}}

'''Ashok Sharma''' (c. 1959 – 3 August 2022) was an Indian politician from [[Dholpur district]], Rajasthan. He was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] until 2018 and later joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). He was the eldest son of [[Banwari Lal Sharma]], a five-time MLA and Cabinet Minister in the [[Government of Rajasthan]]. Sharma was part of the influential Jagan political family and was known for his role in Brahmin politics in Rajasthan.

== Early life and education ==
Ashok Sharma was born around 1959 in Dholpur, Rajasthan, into the prominent Jagan family. His father, Banwari Lal Sharma, was a senior Congress politician and Cabinet Minister. The Jagan family, founded by Jagannath Prasad Sharma, had deep political ties dating back to the Nehru era and were known to wield considerable respect among Brahmin communities throughout India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=विरोधी भी करते थे इज्जत! जानिए कौन थे बनवारी लाल शर्मा... जिन्होंने पूर्व CM वसुंधरा राजे को हराया था चुनाव |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jaipur/know-who-was-banwari-lal-sharma-who-passed-away-who-defeated-former-cm-vasundhara-raje-in-elections/2485149 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Zee Rajasthan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-23 |title=पूर्व मंत्री बनवारी लाल शर्मा का निधन, 5 बार रहे विधायक, 1980 में पूर्व सीएम वसुंधरा राजे को दी थी शिकस्त |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/dholpur-former-minister-banwari-lal-sharma-passes-away-5-time-mla-defeated-former-cm-vasundhara-raje-in-1980-local18-8791227.html |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

Sharma completed his early education in Dholpur and earned a LLB.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-03 |title=धौलपुर में बीजेपी नेता अशोक शर्मा का निधन: 2018 में कांग्रेस छोड़कर बीजेपी में हुए थे शामिल, 2 बार विधानसभा चुनाव लड़े |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/dholpur/news/contested-assembly-elections-2-times-left-congress-in-2018-and-joined-bjp-130141581.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814162748/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/dholpur/news/contested-assembly-elections-2-times-left-congress-in-2018-and-joined-bjp-130141581.html |archive-date=2023-08-14 |access-date=2025-06-29 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>

== Political career ==

=== In the Indian National Congress ===
Sharma began his political journey in the 1980s, becoming the President of the Youth Congress in 1984.<ref name="zeenews">{{cite news |title=धौलपुर में भाजपा नेता अशोक शर्मा का निधन, सीपी जोशी ने जताया दुख |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/dholpur/assembly-speaker-cp-joshi-reached-dholpur-expressed-condolences-by-meeting-the-family-of-bjp-leader-ashok-shar/1294154 |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref> He later rose to the position of District Congress President actively organising party events near Jagan Cinema, a family landmark. In the [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], he contested the Dholpur constituency on a Congress ticket narrowly finishing second to Abdul Sagir Khan of the BJP.<ref name="eci2008">{{cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Elections 2008 |url=https://eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2025-06-27}}</ref>

=== Switch to Bharatiya Janata Party ===
In October 2018, ahead of the state elections, Sharma joined the Bharatiya Janata Party at the BJP headquarters. His switch was supported by senior BJP leaders including [[Dushyant Singh]] and [[Arjun Ram Meghwal]].<ref name="bhaskar2018">{{cite news |title=पूर्व मंत्री बनवारीलाल शर्मा के बेटे अशोक शर्मा भाजपा में शामिल |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/jharkhand-congress-dholpur-from-former-minister39s-son-ashok-sharma-in-bjp-040202-3061484.html |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref> He was nominated to contest the Rajakhera Assembly seat in the [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], where he lost to [[Rohit Bohra]] of the Congress.<ref name="eci2018">{{cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Elections 2018 – Rajakhera |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/rajakhera |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Role in the Jagan family ==
Ashok Sharma was a key figure in the Jagan family, a political dynasty with strong roots in India. The family was respected not only for political clout but also for its symbolic authority. According to reports, the word "Jagan" painted on vehicles afforded the family respect even among mafia groups. The family also includes other public figures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashok Sharma Death: जगन की विरासत के सच्चे वाहक का निधन, पूर्वी राजस्थान में ब्राह्मण समाज के एक युग का अंत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/rajasthan/ashok-sharma-was-a-tall-leader-of-brahman-community-in-east-rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Death ==
Sharma died of a heart attack on 3 August 2022 at his residence Jagan Bhawan in Dholpur at the age of approximately 63.<ref name="livehindustan">{{cite news |title=धौलपुर: भाजपा नेता अशोक शर्मा का निधन, खबर सुनकर चाचा को भी पड़ा दिल का दौरा |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/rajasthan/story-dhaulpur-bjp-leader-ashok-sharma-died-contested-election-in-2018-6885697.html |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=Live Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref> His death drew widespread condolences from both BJP and Congress leaders and caused congestion on the highway into Dholpur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashok Sharma Death: जगन की विरासत के सच्चे वाहक का निधन, पूर्वी राजस्थान में ब्राह्मण समाज के एक युग का अंत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/rajasthan/ashok-sharma-was-a-tall-leader-of-brahman-community-in-east-rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> Former Chief Minister [[Vasundhara Raje]], MP [[Manoj Rajoria]], and Speaker [[C. P. Joshi]] were among those who attended his cremation at Chambal Muktidham in Dholpur.<ref name="livehindustan"/>

== Legacy ==
Ashok Sharma is remembered for his dedication to public service, strong organisational skills, and ability to maintain relevance across party lines. His influence within the Brahmin community of Rajasthan, and his continuation of the Jagan family's legacy, left a lasting impact on regional politics.<ref name="patrika">{{cite news |title=भाजपा नेता अशोक शर्मा का निधन, दो बार लड़ा विधानसभा चुनाव |url=https://www.patrika.com/ajmer-news/bjp-leader-ashok-sharma-died-of-heart-attack-had-fought-assembly-ele-7691892 |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=Patrika |language=hi}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Banwari Lal Sharma]]
* [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Vasundhara Raje]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Ashok}}
[[Category:1950s births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]

Baghati dialect

2026-04-07T13:36:15Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting article

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}

{{Short description|Dialect of Lower Mahasu Pahari, India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Baghati
| familycolor = Indo-European
| glotto = bagh1249
| region = [[Mahasu (region)|Mahasu]]
| states = {{hlist|[[Himachal Pradesh]]|[[Haryana]]}}
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[North-Western Indo-Aryan languages|North-Western]] or [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern]]
| fam5 = [[Western Pahari]]
| fam6 = [[Mahasu Pahari]]
| fam1 = [[Indo-European]]
| coordinates = {{coord|30.911941|N|77.102886|E|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_map_alt = Baghati is spoken in the eastern [[Solan district]] and in hilly parts of [[Panchkula district]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Approximate location of the Baghati speaking area in India
| nativename = '''𑚊𑚂𑚍𑚝𑚦'''
| ELP = 1584
| ELPname = Baghati
| image = Baghati.jpg
| imagecaption = {{ublist|Baghati written in [[Devanagari|Devanagari script]]}}
| script = [[Takri script|Takri]]
| pronunciation = [[Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu|/bə.ɡʱaː.ʈiː/]]
| altname = '''बघाटी'''
}}

'''Baghati''' ([[Takri script|Takri]]:𑚊𑚂𑚍𑚝𑚦) is a dialect of Lower [[Mahasu Pahari]] belonging to the [[Western Pahari]] group of languages (as per [[George Abraham Grierson|Grierson]]). It is spoken in the eastern [[Solan district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] as well as in [[Kalka]], [[Pinjore]] and [[Morni|Morni hills]] in [[Panchkula district]] of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalka Constituency Election Results 2024: Kalka Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/kalka |access-date=2026-03-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grierson |first=George A. |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/50321 |title=Indo-Aryan Family: Central Group: Specimens of the Pahārī Languages and Gujurī |date=1916 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |series=Linguistic Survey of India |volume=IX(IV) |location=Calcutta}}</ref>
== Extent ==
[[File:Map of Mahasuic group of languages.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Map of [[Mahasu (region)|Mahasuic]] group of languages, as Baghati dialect is part of it]]Baghati dialect got its name from former princely [[Baghat|Baghat State]]. This dialect of Mahasu Pahari is spoken mainly in eastern [[Solan district]] which include notable areas of district headquarters [[Solan]], [[Kandaghat]], [[Waknaghat]], eastern parts of [[Kunihar]], [[Chail, Himachal Pradesh|Chail]], [[Dharampur, Solan|Dharampur]], [[Kuthar]], [[Sabathu|Subathu]], [[Kasauli]], [[Parwanoo]], etc and parts of [[Panchkula district]] which includes [[Kalka]], [[Pinjore]], [[Morni|Morni hills]], etc. In Kalka, eastern [[Baddi]], [[Barotiwala]] and Pinjore its sub-dialect ''Pinjore Baghati'' also known as ''Patiala Baghati'' (got its name from hilly parts of former princely [[Patiala State]]) is spoken.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grierson S |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2036 |title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol 9 Part 4 Pahari Languages |date=1916}}</ref>

== Script and specimen ==
[[File:Specimen of Baghati dialect of Mahasu Pahari.jpg|thumb|Specimen of Baghati dialect of Mahasu Pahari]]
[[File:Specimen of Pinjore Baghati 01.jpg|thumb|Specimen of [[Pinjore]] Baghati, the sub-dialect of the Baghati dialect of Mahasu Pahari<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grierson S |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2036 |title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol 9 Part 4 Pahari Languages |date=1916}}</ref>]]

== Similarity with Haryanvi ==
According to the Journal of Language Survey Reports in March 2024, Baghati dialect of Mahasu Pahari is one of the closest dialects which related to [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]].<ref>https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/39/32/25/39322561837182664281680018892812535354/JLSR2024_011.pdf</ref>

Lexical similarity percentages :-

HRT - [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]]

95 HJN - [[Jind district|Jind]]

95 93 HNG - [[Naraingarh]]

95 92 92 HLH - [[Loharu]]

93 91 90 92 HTR - [[Taoru]]

91 90 91 89 89 HFT - [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]]

88 87 88 90 90 82 BPL - [[Braj Bhasha]], [[Palwal]]

78 79 85 83 83 82 83 HIN - [[Hindi]]

74 75 80 74 74 77 70 70 PUN - [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]

66 67 72 66 69 69 64 67 65 PBG - '''Baghati'''

== See also ==

* [[Baghat|Baghat State]]
* [[Baghliani dialect]]
* [[Keonthali dialect]]
* [[Hinduri dialect]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{YouTube|id=EVQkUzh_cp8|title=Giddha of Solan district in Baghati dialect of Mahasu Pahari}}
* {{YouTube|id=BO7Q8qjsLlc|title=Information regarding languages of Solan district and difference with Mandeali}}
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Culture of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Northern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]
[[Category:Languages written in Takri]]
[[Category:Languages listed as Hindi dialects in latest census]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]

Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders

2026-04-05T19:33:30Z

Tijusacademyoet:

{{Short description|2025 Indian crime thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders
| image = Raat Akeli Hai – The Bansal Murders.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Honey Trehan
| writer = Smita Singh
| producer = [[Ronnie Screwvala]] Honey Trehan [[Abhishek Chaubey]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]
* [[Chitrangada Singh]]
* [[Radhika Apte]]
* [[Rajat Kapoor]]
* [[Revathi]]
* [[Deepti Naval]]
* [[Sanjay Kapoor]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Sirsha Ray]]
| editing = Tanya Chhabria
| music = Karan Kulkarni
| studio = [[RSVP Movies]] MacGuffin Pictures
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2025|11|21|[[56th International Film Festival of India|Goa]]|2025|12|19|Netflix}}
| runtime = 136 minutes<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2025 |last=Singh |first=Simran |title=Raat Akeli Hai 2 movie review: Nawazuddin Siddiqui returns in hauntingly mysterious murder-mystery; Deepti Naval, Chitrangda Singh surprise |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-raat-akeli-hai-2-movie-review-nawazuddin-siddiqui-returns-in-hauntingly-mysterious-murder-mystery-deepti-naval-chitrangda-singh-surprise-3194176 |website=[[DNA India]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders''''' ({{Translation|The Night Is Lonely: The Bansal Murders}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film directed by Honey Trehan.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui Returns As Inspector Jatil In Raat Akeli Hai: Bansal Murders Trailer |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/nawazuddin-siddiqui-hunts-for-truth-in-raat-akeli-hai-bansal-murders-trailer-9779238 |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref> Produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]]'s [[RSVP Movies]] and Honey Trehan and [[Abhishek Chaubey]]'s MacGuffin Pictures,<ref>{{cite web |date=6 November 2025 |title=Netflix Announces Sequel 'Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders' With Nawazuddin Siddiqui Returning as Inspector Jatil Yadav |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/netflix-announces-raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-with-nawazuddin-siddiqui-returning-as-jatil-yadav |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 2025 |title=Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders OTT release announced: Nawazuddin is back as Inspector Jatil Yadav. When and where to watch thriller online |url=https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/raat-akeli-hai-sequel-the-bansal-murders-ott-release-announced-nawazuddin-is-back-as-inspector-jatil-yadav-when-and-where-to-watch-crime-thriller-online/articleshow/125077320.cms |website=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref> the film stars [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] and [[Chitrangada Singh]],<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2025 |title=Raat Akeli Hai- The Bansal Murders Review: A Tense, Multi-Layered Mystery |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/bollywood/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-review-a-tense-multi-layered-mystery-1032267 |website=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref> with [[Radhika Apte]] making a special appearance. It is a [[sequel]] to ''[[Raat Akeli Hai]]'' (2020).<ref>{{cite web |date=3 November 2025 |title='Raat Akeli Hai' sequel announced, Nawazuddin returns as Inspector Jatil Yadav |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/raat-akeli-hai-sequel-announced-nawazuddin-returns-as-inspector-jatil-yadav/articleshow/125056389.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 2025 |title='Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders': Netflix announces sequel to crime thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-netflix-announces-sequel-crime-thriller-56th-iffi-goa-november/article70236314.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>

== Plot ==
After a brief period of meditation, Meera Bansal happens to be disturbed by the sounds of crows. As she reaches the backyard, she witnesses a horrifying scene: crows falling to their death.

On the orders of [[Director general of police|DGP]] Sameer Verma, Sub-Inspector Jatil Yadav is summoned to the Bansal house to find the root cause of the incident. After taking the statements of all the Bansal members and the staff present, he witnesses a restrained Aarav fighting hard, following which Meera intervenes and calms Aarav down and takes him back to his room. Jatil learns that Aarav is a drug addict, fighting against relapse and his treatment by the family. He also meets Guru Maa, who is a spiritual guru along with the Bansal family, who warns everyone in the room that the odds aren’t good and no one will be able to stop the upcoming events.

Jatil investigates and finds the culprits responsible for the crow massacre, and when captured they confessed the plan was initiated by an unknown man, and the duo is revealed to be working for Newrise TV, owned by Rajesh Bansal, who has a bitter relation to the Bansal family (who manages the newspaper Prabhat Manthan) and is fighting for the assets of the Prabhat Group. On interrogation, Rajesh denies the allegations.

Jatil manages his personal life with Radha and his mother, who happens to contradict his beliefs. As the investigation gets concluded, Yadav visits the Bansal house where to his shock, he sees Meera covered in blood, and the Bansal family (excluding Aastha, Meera, Om Prakash and the guard) brutally murdered, and Aarav lying in the ground pool. This event makes the DGP assign the case to SP Chauhan, who resorts to any means to conclude the case quickly. Meera is called upon to narrate the incident and reveals that Aarav was the killer who, after eliminating the members, got kicked by an injured Om Prakash to his death. From the inputs of Dr.Panicker, the department learns that they had tested positive for clonazepam, ingested via dessert delivered from Guru Maa’s establishment, and Aarav was under influence. Yadav questions Aastha, who reveals that Aarav was relapsing and though he was normal prior to the murder, she reasons that Aarav had no such motive to even attempt such an act. After collecting statements and evidence from the wider community, Yadav reveals that Meera has a role in the murder (from garden CCTV and Dr.Amit’s statement).

Yadav later feels that something isn’t right, particularly with Meera's son’s death. Despite Dr.Panicker’s resistance, she eventually gives in and helps Yadav in his findings. They both however uncover that the son (who had an existing pulmonary infection) had fallen sick too quickly to pass within 3 days, when the disease itself usually takes time to present and affect. He interrogates Dr.Nisha Pal about the nebuliser (a scene Jatil witnessed while catching the crow culprits). Nisha explains the incident which happened in the local school event, where a nearby factory gas leaked, contributing to the death of her son, along with many kids and sick ones. Yadav finds evidence from the factory relating to Meera and proceeds to interrogate Meera with approval from Verma. A tense interrogation ultimately ends in futile as Meera proves herself innocent. However, Yadav uncovers a crucial evidence and with help from Panicker and Nisha, he reaches the hospital to visit Om Prakash.

In a shocking twist, Yadav unveils Om Prakash as the killer of the Bansals by contradicting his events with his new evidence. The plan is revealed: Om Prakash(their driver at that time), Meera and her son were there for the school event, where Meera’s son and his daughter Rinki fell ill and both died. Prakash got demoted down owing to pressure from the Bansal family and the factory was shut down by their influence. Angry at the injustice shown towards his society and grief of his daughter, Prakash planned to eliminate them on the death anniversary of his daughter: Supplied drugs to Aarav, then killed Mahinder first and the rest of the members, when Aarav witnesses the killing and attacks him. As Om Prakash tries to flee, he gets cornered by Meera and Aastha, leading to Aarav injuring him and the subsequent death of Aarav. His recorded confession gets leaked to the media, where Verma and Chauhan briefed the media about the conclusion of the investigation, dismisses Panicker and suspends Yadav for not aligning with their ways.

Jatil and Radha resume their conversation about their future and he assures Radha of his commitment while Dr.Panicker also joins in with his mother.

== Cast ==
* [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] as [[Inspector#India|Inspector]] Jatil Yadav
* [[Chitrangada Singh]] as Meera Bansal
* [[Deepti Naval]] as Guru Maa
* [[Rajat Kapoor]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]] Sameer Verma
* [[Revathi]] as Dr. Rosie Panicker
* [[Sanjay Kapoor]] as Rajesh Bansal
* [[Ila Arun]] as Sarita Kumari, Jatil's mother
* [[S. M. Zaheer]] as Mahinder Bansal
* [[Akhilendra Mishra]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Chauhan
* [[Radhika Apte]] as Radha (Special appearance)
* Priyanka Setia as Dr.Nisha Pal
* Suhas Ahuja as Dr.Amit Khanna
* Delzad Hiwale as Aarav Bansal
* Aarushi Bajaj as Aastha Bansal
* Chiraj Bajaj as Madhav Bansal

== Release ==
''Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders'' had its world [[premiere]] at the [[56th International Film Festival of India]] ([[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]]) in [[Goa]] on 21 November 2025, where it was screened as a gala premiere.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 November 2025 |last=Seta |first=Fenil |title=BREAKING: The Family Man Season 3, Gustaakh Ishq, Vadh 2, 120 Bahadur, Tere Ishk Mein, Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders to have gala premiers at 56th IFFI Goa |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-family-man-season-3-gustaakh-ishq-vadh-2-120-bahadur-tere-ishk-mein-raat-akeli-hai-bansal-murders-gala-premiers-56th-iffi-goa/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref>

Following its [[Film screening|screening]] at the [[Film festival|festival]], the film was released on [[Netflix]] on 19 December 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 November 2025 |last=Nayak |first=Kripa |title=Netflix's 'Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders' Marks a Grand World Premiere at IFFI Ahead of Its Global Release on 19th December |url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflixs-raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-marks-a-grand-world-premiere-at-iffi |publisher=[[Netflix]] |access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>

==Reception==
Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' stated that "It is a whodunit worth the wait and A Cleverly Calibrated Crime Thriller."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Desai|title='Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders' Movie Review: A Cleverly Calibrated Crime Thriller|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-movie-review-a-cleverly-calibrated-crime-thriller|website=The Hollywood Reporter India|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and said that "Overall, even when it stumbles, Raat Akeli Hai 2 remains compelling. There was scope to make it an even darker investigation drama. But a solid cast and a neatly resolved climax make it a worthy follow-up in spirit, if not in structure."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rishabh|last=Suri|title=Raat Akeli Hai The Bansal Murders review: This Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Revathi thriller is eerie and engrossing|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-review-this-nawazuddin-siddiqui-revathi-thriller-is-eerie-and-engrossing-101766134743390.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated that " director Honey Trehan crafts a mystery that intertwines crime and social commentary. Though uneven in pacing, the film deftly examines the intersection of entitlement and morality in society."<ref>{{cite web|first=Anuj|last=Kumar|title=Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders movie review: A layered exploration of crime and entitlement|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-review-nawazuddin-siddiqui-radhika-apte/article70417217.ece|website=The Hindu|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>

Rashmi Vasudeva of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "The film plays out largely as a procedural, but the nervous unpredictability that made the first edition so compelling is sorely missed."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rashmi|last=Vasudeva|title='Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders' movie review: Dark and uneven but watchable police procedural|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-movie-review-dark-and-uneven-but-watchable-police-procedural-3837205|website=Deccan Herald|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and writes that "The best written character remains Nawazuddin Siddiqui's Jatil, still moving his mouth in the way he did in the first film, as the moral centre of the film."<ref>{{cite web|first=Shubhra|last=Gupta|title=Raat Akeli Hai The Bansal Murders movie review: More gore, less grip in Nawazuddin Siddiqui's second coming as small-town cop|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-movie-review-more-bodies-less-suspense-marks-nawazuddin-siddiquis-second-coming-as-small-town-cop-10428677/|website=The Indian Express|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' feels that "The new movie doesn’t have the potency of its predecessor, or the atmospheric visuals that suggested perverse deeds unfolding in dark corners."<ref>{{cite web|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|title=Review: 'Raat Akeli Hai – The Bansal Murders' is strictly serviceable|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1089408/review-raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-is-strictly-serviceable|website=Scroll.in|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>

''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated it 2.5/5 stars and said that "On the whole, RAAT AKELI HAI: THE BANSAL MURDERS works in parts, mainly because the climax is unpredictable, while the performances of Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Revathy stand out. However, the film suffers due to uneven writing and execution. An average fare, at best."<ref>{{cite web|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|title=Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders Movie Review: RAAT AKELI HAI THE BANSAL MURDERS works in parts|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raat-akeli-hai-bansal-murders/critic-review/raat-akeli-hai-bansal-murders-movie-review/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-works-in-parts/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that " It is a sobering, intelligent thriller that confirms this franchise is less about murder mysteries and more about the moral loneliness of those who choose to see clearly."<ref>{{cite web|first=Devesh|last=Sharma|title=Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders Review: A nice police procedural with twists aplenty|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-review-a-nice-police-procedural-with-twists-aplenty-80225.html|website=Filmfare|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rayed it 3/5 stars and said that "A sincere, slow-burn sequel elevated by Nawazuddin Siddiqui, but short on the tension that made the original memorable."<ref>{{cite web|first=Archika|last=Khurana|title=Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders Movie Review: Nawazuddin Siddiqui's quiet intensity powers an ambitious but tame thriller|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders/ottmoviereview/126059386.cms|website=The Times of India|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>
Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and said that "Netflix’s ‘Raat Akeli Hai’ 2 doesn’t divert from keeping the writing immersive and the best part of this film is that it never thins down.<ref>{{cite web|first=Lachmi Deb|last=Roy|title=Netflix's 'Raat Akeli Hai: The Bansal Murders' Movie Review: Nawazuddin Siddiqui is indeed one of the finest craftsmen in the entertainment industry|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflix-raat-akeli-hai-the-bansal-murders-movie-review-nawazuddin-siddiqui-is-indeed-one-of-the-finest-craftsman-in-the-entertainment-industry-13961190.html|website=Firstpost|date=19 December 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt37443891}}
*{{Netflix title|81922895}}
*{{BH movie|raat-akeli-hai-bansal-murders}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Netflix original films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language crime films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language mystery films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian murder mystery films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]

Parineetii (TV series)

2026-03-26T10:18:08Z

Tijusacademyoet: made a article - done

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Parineeti.jpg
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance (love)|Romance]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| based_on =
| developer =
| screenplay = Anil Nagpal Mrinal Tripathi
| story = Anil Nagpal Kavita Nagpal
| director = Muzammil Desai Kushal Javeri
| creative_director = Shivangi Babbar
| starring = [[Anchal Sahu]] [[Tanvi Dogra]] Ankur Verma [[Paras Kalnawat]] Pratiksha Honmukhe
| theme_music_composer = Lalit Sen Nawab Arzoo
| open_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 1216
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Tanushree Das Gupta
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| location = Mumbai
| cinematography =
| editor = Vikas Sharma Vishal Sharma
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20-44 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|02|14|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|08|24|df=y}}
| related =
}}

'''''Parineetii''''' is an Indian Hindi-language television drama series that aired from 14 February 2022 to 24 August 2025 on [[Colors TV]]. Produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] and [[Shobha Kapoor]] under [[Balaji Telefilms]], it streams on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] and stars [[Anchal Sahu]], [[Tanvi Dogra]], Ankur Verma, [[Paras Kalnawat]] and Pratiksha Honmukhe.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sehgal|first=Chirag|date=27 May 2025|title=Pratiksha Honmukhe And Paras Kalnawat To Enter Parineetii Post Leap?|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/pratiksha-honmukhe-and-paras-kalnawat-to-enter-parineetii-post-leap-ws-l-aa-aa-9354685.html|access-date=2 June 2025|work=[[News 18]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Parineet Kakkar and Neeti Juneja, two best friends cross paths with Rajeev Bajwa. After meeting Neeti, Rajeev immediately falls in love with her. Hence, he rejects Pari, the girl his mother recommends for him. Due to circumstances at Pari's wedding with Varun, Rajeev reluctantly marries Pari. Later, he moves to Chandigarh, leaving Pari behind. Rajeev in Chandigarh lives with his aunt, uncle and cousins. Neeti is also in Chandigarh, completing her Air Hostess course. After Pari's father's death, Pari arrives in Chandigarh to find Rajeev. Pari unexpectedly runs into Neeti and stays with Neeti. Rajeev proposes to Neeti, who is unaware of his marriage to Pari. Rajeev and Neeti marry without Pari's knowledge. Pari takes Neeti to a hospital after her accident and discovers Rajeev is Sanju, Neeti's husband.

Later on, Pari discovers that Neeti is pregnant with Rajeev's child and requests the Bajwa family to accept Neeti. Soon, Neeti suffers from miscarriage and finds out that she can never become a mother again. Pari then decides to become her and Sanju's surrogate mother and continues to reside in the Bajwa house. Bebe, who is seeking revenge against the Bajwa family, poisons Neeti's mind against Pari. Neeti starts to hate Pari as she suspect her of having an affair with Sanju. She tries to kill Pari, but fails. Over various incidents, Rajeev falls in love with Pari.

Eventually, Neeti’s truth is exposed in front of the entire family. Neeti files for divorce and she and Sanju get divorced. Following this, Pari and Rajeev are married again and Rajeev promises to be by her side forever. Neeti then fakes her memory loss and ends up staying in the Bajwa house. Neeti causes Pari to miscarry. Neeti then gets pregnant with Rajeev's child using IVF, pretending to help Pari and Rajeev become parents again. Gurinder forces Rajeev and Pari to divorce and arranges for his marriage with Neeti. Pari realises that Neeti is feigning memory loss. Fearing Pari would expose her, Neeti with Gurinder, Daljeet and Rakesh's help, push Pari down a cliff. Neeti makes her believe that Rajeev is also involved with their plan and wants Pari dead. Pari is assumed to be dead by the Bajwa family. However, Pari is later rescued by Ambika Singhania. Ambika encourages Pari to seek revenge against everyone who has wronged her.

Neeti usurps Kakkar family's property and has kept Gurpreet, Vikram and Babli as her servants. Likewise, Pami is also forced to do the household chores as Gurinder, Bebe and Chandrika are on Neeti's side. Pari comes back to take revenge as Parvati Singhania, Ambika's daughter. Everyone initially doubts her to be Pari, but they start believing she is Paravati because of her change in attitude and personality. Neeti, however, is sure that Parvati is Pari and that she has come back for revenge. She instigates her accomplices that Parvati is Pari, and they also start to believe that Pari is back for vengeance. Neeti then goes to Singhania House to expose Parvati, but it backfires on her and she is jailed. Afterwards, Neeti tries many things to prove Parvati is Pari, but she is unsuccessful each time.

Rajeev, who is fed up of Neeti's antics, breaks off his relationship with her. Out of anger, Neeti tries to murder Pari by locking her in the cold storage. However, Rajeev manages to save Pari in time. He finds out it was Neeti that locked up Parvati, but misunderstands the reason as to why. Rajeev leaves the house, but has to return after Neeti fakes a suicide attempt. He also agrees to marry Neeti to make Parvati jealous, as he is conceived that Parvati is Pari. Parvati pretends to be Pari's ghost to scare Neeti so that she can confess her murder attempt however she's unable to prove her plan to the family causing her to be admitted to a mental facility. After she's back she blackmails Babli to marry Daljeet. However, Parvati and Rajeev rescue Babli on time. Rajeev proposes to Neeti for marriage in an attempt to make Parvati jealous so that she reveals the truth about her being Pari and stops the wedding. Ambika brainwashes Gurinder against Neeti due to her misbehavior with elders. Eventually, Gurinder and Daljeet become fed up with Neeti's constant domination and plot to get Rajeev and Parvati married instead.

Parvati and Rajeev successfully get married, Neeti is furious at the fact that Gurinder plotted this against her. Rajeev shifts to Parvati's house to live with her. Eventually they both go to Bajwa house for Lohri. With Rajeev trying to make Parvati fall in love with him, Neeti plans to kill Gurinder as the later wanted Parvati as her daughter in law. After a series of events, Parvati is arrested for trying to kill Gurinder. However, Rajeev saves her in time. Due to Rakesh and Neeti's schemes, Gurpreet is then arrested for the same. This time, Parvati saves her mother by fooling Rakesh and Neeti. In an attempt to take revenge from Neeti, Gurpreet asks for the land which Neet had deceitfully taken away from them. With police involved and falling prey to Parvati's schemes, Neeti and Rakesh are arrested. Neeti gets a bail. Neeti wants Gurpreet's land as it's near the highway but Parvati makes her buy it for 2cr for which Neeti has to take a loan. Bajwa house is auctioned since Neeti fails to pay the installments. Parvati buys it and enters the Bajwa house as its new owner. She takes revenge from the Bajwas for treating her family like maids. Further, she hosts a party to expose Neeti's crimes and announce her ownership, but a new character is revealed. Prithvi Agnihotri, the Big Shark schemes against Parvati and it turns out that the property papers were fake. Parvati also fails to get a loan from banks. She gets to know his identity through the bank personnel and goes to meet him. After a brief conversation, Prithvi gets Parvati arrested for trespassing into his office. Parvati gets a bail, and Prithvi and Neeti join hands. Rajeev finds out that Parvati is Pari and joins hands with her and Ambika. Ambika dies and Rajeev is accused and arrested for the murder. Prithvi blackmails Pari to marry him in exchange of Rajeev's release. Prithvi realises his mistake after learning that Ambika was not responsible for Parvati's death. He ask Pari to save Rajeev and leave the marriage. Neeti becomes desperate to kill Pari. Pari and Rajeev take shelter at Kalyani's house. She ask them to stay in hiding from everyone till 8 months. They are living at Kalyani's secret house. Parineet and Neeti both gives birth to their daughters, Preet and Nisha respectively. However Neeti locates Parineet, Rajeev and Preet and pushes off Parineet and Rajeev off the cliff and throws Preet in a river from where she gets rescued and adopted by a local village couple.

Parineet's daughter Preet is living in Barnala with her foster family and is set to get married. Preet ia a look-alike of her mother Parineet. On her way to marriage, the bus carrying the family meets with an accident putting her foster mother's life at risk. In the meantime, Neeti became rich businesswoman while Nisha is spoilt, arrogant, self-obsessed and selfish. Rajeev is paralysed and everyone persumes Parineet dead who now serves as a nurse after losing her memories illogically. Preet travels to Chandigarh to get injection for her mother and crosses the path with Aditya Kashyap, owner of a leading hotel chain and Neeti's business rival Sushma Kashyap's grandson. They misunderstand each other since their first meet and often ends up in fights. Meanwhile Nisha too crosses path with him after he saves her from getting molested and gets obsessed with him on seeing his resentment and disinterest towards her. Soon Preet's wedding is called off and she shifts to Chandigarh with her family and doesn't want to get married. Aditya has a past secret due to which he resents women and doesn't want to get married. Soon Preet's family and Sushma chose Preet and Aditya as potential match for each other. Sushma wins the businesswoman of the year award and in anger Neeti decides to kill her. Nisha feels jealous and insecure seeing Aditya and Preet together.

==Cast==
{{unsourced section|date=July 2025}}
===Main===
* [[Anchal Sahu]] as
** Parineet "Pari" Kakkar Bajwa: Jaswant and Gurpreet's daughter; Nupur's sister; Rajeev's first wife; Preet's mother; Nisha's step-mother. (2022–2025)
** Parvati Singhania Bajwa: Parineet's fake identity; Ambika's fake-daughter; Rajeev's wife. (2024–2025)
** Preet Bajwa Kashyap: Rajeev and Parineet's daughter; Neeti's step-daughter; Nisha's half-sister; Aditya's wife. (2025)
* [[Tanvi Dogra]] as Neeti Juneja Bajwa: Sukhwinder's daughter; Rocky's sister; Rajeev's second wife; Nisha's mother; Preet's step-mother. (2022–2025)
* [[Ankur Verma]] as Rajeev "Sanju" Bajwa: Karanveer and Gurinder's son; Amit and Keerti's brother; Parineet and Neeti's husband; Preet and Nisha's father. (2022–2025)
* [[Pratiksha Honmukhe]] as Nisha Bajwa: Rajeev and Neeti's daughter; Parineet's step-daughter; Preet's half-sister; Aditya's obssesive lover (2025)
* [[Paras Kalnawat]] as Aditya Kashyap: Virendra and Simran's son; Preet's husband. (2025)

===Recurring===
* Kaushal Kapoor as Jaswant Kakkar: Harman's brother; Gurpreet's husband; Parineet and Nupur's father; Preet's grandfather. (2022)
* [[Dolly Sohi]] as Gurpreet Bajwa: Jaswant's wife; Parineet and Nupur's mother; Preet's grandmother. (2022–2024)
** Bidisha Ghosh Sharma replaced Gurpreet Bajwa (2024–2025)
* Khushi Bharadwaj as Nupur Bajwa: Jaswant and Gurpreet's daughter; Parineet's sister. (2022–2024)
* Jeetu Vazirani as Harman Kakkar: Jaswant's brother; Mandeep's husband; Vikram and Simar's father. (2022–2023)
* Arpana Agarwal as Mandeep Bajwa: Harman's wife; Vikram and Simar's mother. (2022–2023)
* Ashish Dixit as Vikram "Vicky" Kakkar: Harman and Mandeep's son; Simar's brother. (2022)
** Aryan Arora replaced Dixit as Vikram Kakkar (2024–2025)
* Siya Bhatia as Simar "Babli" Bajwa: Harman and Mandeep's daughter; Vikram's sister. (2022–2025)
* [[Neena Cheema]] as Beeji Bajwa: Karanveer and Rajveer's mother; Amit, Rajeev, Keerti, Balwinder, Monty, Daljeet and Simmi's grandmother; Preet and Nisha's great-grandmother. (2022–2023)
* [[Anjali Mukhi]] as Gurinder Bajwa: Karanveer's wife; Amit, Rajeev and Keerti's mother; Preet and Neeti's grandmother. (2022)
** Alka Mogha replaced Mukhi as Gurinder Bajwa (2022–2025)
* [[Aakash Talwar]] as Amit Bajwa: Karanveer and Gurinder's son; Rajeev and Keerti's brother; Chandrika's husband. (2022–2024)
* Harshpreet Kaur as Chandrika Bajwa: Amit's wife. (2022–2023)
** Mansi Jain replaced Kaur as Chandrika Bajwa (2023–2024)
* Tiaara Kaur as Keerti Bajwa: Karanveer and Gurinder's daughter; Amit and Rajeev's sister. (2022)
* Bobby Parvez as Rajveer Bajwa: Beeji's son; Karanveer's brother; Parminder's husband; Balwinder, Monty, Daljeet and Simmi's father. (2022)
** Arup Pal replaced Parvez as Rajveer Bajwa (2022–2024)
* [[Vaishnavi Macdonald]] as Parminder "Pammi" Bajwa; Rajveer's wife; Balwinder, Monty, Daljeet and Simmi's mother. (2022–2025)
* Abhinandan Singh as Balwinder Bajwa: Rajveer and Parminder's son; Monty, Daljeet and Simmi's brother. (2022–2024)
* Rishi Grover as Monty Bajwa: Rajveer and Parminder's son; Balwinder, Daljeet and Simmi's brother. (2022–2023)
** Prabhat Choudhary replaced Grover as Monty Bajwa (2023)
** Sparsh Singh Kotwal replaced Choudhary as Monty Bajwa (2023–2025)
* Rushal Parakh as Daljeet Bajwa: Rajveer and Parminder's son; Balwinder, Monty and Simmi's brother. (2023–2024)
** Manjeet Makkar replaced Parakh as Daljeet Bajwa (2024–2025)
** Varun Sharma replaced Makkar as Daljeet Bajwa (2025)
* Coral Bhamra as Simmi Bajwa: Rajveer and Parminder's daughter; Balwinder, Monty and Daljeet's sister. (2022)
** Ankita Singh Bamb replaced Bhamra as Simmi Bajwa (2022–2024)
* Sonia Shrivastava as Sukhwinder Juneja: Kanwal's sister; Neeti and Rocky's mother; Nisha's grandmother. (2022–2024)
* Vivan Singh Rajput as Rocky Juneja: Sukhwinder's son; Neeti's brother. (2022)
* Amit Kapoor as Kanwal Juneja: Sukhwinder's brother. (2022)
* Raja Kapse as Mr. Ahlawat: Mrs. Ahlawat's husband; Rakesh's father. (2022)
* Anasua Chakraborty as Mrs. Ahlawat: Mr. Ahlawat's wife; Rakesh's mother. (2022)
* Vishal Solanki as Rakesh Singh Ahlawat: Mr. and Mrs. Ahlawat's son; Parineet's obssesive lover. (2022–2024)
* [[Shilpa Saklani]] as Ambika Devi Singhania: Parvati's fake-mother. (2024–2025)
* Seema Anand as Seema "Daima": Singhania family's maid. (2024–2025)
* Siddharth Dhawan as Manoj Khurana: Sharda's husband; Gurleen's father; Preet's adoptive father. (2025)
* Yashu Dhiman as Sharda Khurana: Manoj's wife; Gurleen's mother; Preet's adoptive mother. (2025)
* Sarah Killedar as Gurleen Khurana: Manoj and Sharda's daughter; Preet's adoptive sister. (2025)
* [[Beena Banerjee]] as Sushma Kashyap: Aditya and Parth's grandmother. (2025)
* Manasi Joshi Roy as Simran Kashyap: Aditya's mother. (2025)
* Meera Sarang as Jasmeet Kashyap: Parth's mother. (2025)
* Unknown as Parth Kashyap: Jasmeet's son. (2025)
* Sohil Singh Jhuti as Gaurav: Aditya's manager and best friend (2025)
* [[Sudeep Sahir]] as Prithvi Agnihotri: Pari's rival turned friend (2025)
* Unknown as Kalyani (2024–2025)
* Jeevansh Chadha as Shelly Mehra (2024)
* Megha Prasad as Madhulika (2024)
* [[Aman Gandhi (actor)|Aman Gandhi]] as Vishal Singh (2022–2023)
* Jitendra Singh Rajpurohit as Mr. Singh (2023)
* Nil Uttam Kumar Parekh as Veer (2023)
* Bhavya Chauhan as Shreya Singh (2022)
* Utkarsh Gupta as Ajay Kumar (2022)
* Kajal Chauhan as Shalu Sharma (2022)
* Karuna Verma as Doctor (2023)
* [[Hemant Choudhary]] as Devraj Malhotra (2022)
* Prashant Sethi as Varun Malhotra (2022)
* [[Sonal Vengurlekar]] as Kiran Kapoor (2022)

==Production==
===Development===
The show was announced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] under [[Balaji Telefilms]]. It tells the story of how two best friend marry the same man without realizing, due to their destiny.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tanvi Dogra is playing the role of Neeti in show Parineetii, know about the story of the show |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/exclusive-tanvi-dogra-is-playing-the-role-of-neeti-in-show-parineeti-know-about-the-story-of-the-show-here |website=Amar Ujala |accessdate=22 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="PariNeeti">{{Cite news |title=Parineeti Is All Set To Launch : एकता कपूर के नए शो 'परिणीति' में दो सहेलियां करेंगी एक ही दूल्हे से शादी, जानिए क्या होगी कहानी? |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/colors-tv-s-new-show-parineetii-to-bring-new-twist-in-two-best-friends-life-both-will-end-up-marrying-with-same-guy-1050586.html/amp |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=en}}</ref>

===Casting===
[[Anchal Sahu]] and [[Tanvi Dogra]] were cast as the leads Parineet Kakkar and Neeti Juneja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anchal Sahu on her experience from Barrister Babu to Parineeti: 'It is a wholesome journey'|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/anchal-sahu-her-experience-barrister-babu-parineeti-it-wholesome-journey-1018218|website=Pinkvilla|accessdate=8 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Parineetii's Tanvi Dogra: I follow my Granny's tips for skin care |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tanvi-dogra-i-follow-my-grannys-tips-for-skin-care/articleshow/77909601.cms |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=The Times of India |date=3 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Ankur Verma was cast as the male lead Rajeev Bajwa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parineetii's Ankur Verma on dealing with insecurities in showbiz |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ankur-verma-on-dealing-with-insecurities-in-showbiz/articleshow/96941500.cms |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Dolly Sohi]] was cast as Parineet's mother, Gurpreet Kakkar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dolly Sohi expresses her gratitude as her show 'Parineetii' completes 100 episodes; says, 'Audience is loving our hardwork' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dolly-sohi-expresses-her-gratitude-as-her-show-parineetii-completes-100-episodes-says-audience-is-loving-our-hardwork/articleshow/92181794.cms |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[:simple:Ashish Dixit|Ashish Dixit]] who played Parineet's cousin, Vikram Kakkar, quit the show in July 2022, due to some creative changes.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ashish Dixit enjoys essaying Vikram Kakkar in 'Parineetii' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ashish-dixit-enjoys-essaying-vikram-kakkar-in-parineetii/articleshow/91719733.cms |website=The Times of India |accessdate=22 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ashish Dixit confirms not playing Vikram Kakkar's role in Parineetii; says "Because of some creative changes it is no longer a part of the track" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ashish-dixit-confirms-not-playing-vikram-kakkars-role-in-parineetii-says-because-of-some-creative-changes-it-is-no-longer-a-part-of-the-track/articleshow/93215444.cms |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In October 2023, Rushal Parakh joined the show as Daljeet.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rushal Parakh Is The New 'Villain' In TV Show 'Parineetii'|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/rushal-parakh-is-the-new-villain-in-tv-show-parineetii--news-322490|access-date=7 October 2023|work=Outlook India|language=en}}</ref> In June 2024, [[Shilpa Saklani]] joined the cast as Ambika Singhania.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi' fame Shilpa Saklani joins 'Parineetii' show|url=https://theprint.in/feature/kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-fame-shilpa-saklani-joins-parineetii-show/2126823/|access-date=12 June 2024|work=The Print|language=en}}</ref> In March 2025, [[Sudeep Sahir]] was cast to play a cameo Prithvi Agnihotri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ssudeep Sahir returns to TV after three years as the new male lead in Parineetii|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ssudeep-sahir-returns-to-tv-after-three-years-as-the-new-male-lead-in-parineetii/articleshow/118643353.cms|access-date=1 March 2025|website=The Times of India|date=March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> In June 2025, the show took a generational leap and started focusing on Parineet and Rajeev's daughter Preet Bajwa, played by Sahu, Aditya Kashyap played by [[Paras Kalnawat]] and Neeti and Rajeev's daughter Nisha Bajwa played by Pratiksha Honmukhe while Dogra and Verma continued to play their respective characters of Neeti and Rajeev as elderly parents to the new leads. Within few days, series showed Sahu continuing to play her original role of elderly Parineet too thus playing the dual role of mother-daughter.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=28 May 2025|title='Parineetii' leaps 20 years ahead: Pratiksha Honmukhe and Paras Kalnawat express their happiness over joining the show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parineetii-leaps-20-years-ahead-pratiksha-honmukhe-and-paras-kalnawat-express-their-happiness-over-joining-the-show/articleshow/121463980.cms|access-date=2 June 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Paras Kalnawat On Joining Parineetii, Comparisons To Former Lead: If You See Me As Aditya, You'll Fall In Love – EXCLUSIVE|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/paras-kalnawat-on-joining-parineetii-comparisons-to-former-lead-if-you-see-me-as-aditya-youll-fall-in-love-exclusive-article-151832735|access-date=2025-06-10|website=Times Now News|language=en}}</ref>

== Crossovers ==
* On 13 November 2024, the show had a crossover episode with ''[[Megha Barsenge]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=11 November 2024|title=Megha Barsenge & Parineetii to have special hour-long mahasangam|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/megha-barsenge-parineetii-to-have-special-mahasangam-episode-kunal-kapoor-23427308|access-date=12 November 2024|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.colorstv.com/shows/parineetii/ Parineetii on Colors TV]
* {{IMDb title|18364628}}

{{Colors Programmes}}
{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]

2005–06 East Bengal FC season

2026-03-25T15:53:51Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting new pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Short description|Indian football club season}}
The 2005–06 season was [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'s 10th season in the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] and 86th season in existence.
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| season = [[2005–06 National Football League (India)|'''2005–06''']]
| manager = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhash Bhowmick]] {{nobreak|(until 2 December 2005)}} {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bikash Panji]]{{efn|[[Caretaker manager]] after [[Subhash Bhowmick]] was sacked for legal reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/deputy-coach-takes-over-east-bengal-for-durand-cup_260317.html|title=Deputy coach takes over East Bengal for Durand Cup|work=Zee News|accessdate=16 Aug 2020|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031050320/https://zeenews.india.com/home/deputy-coach-takes-over-east-bengal-for-durand-cup_260317.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} {{nobreak|(until 15 December 2005)}} {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Philippe De Ridder]] {{nobreak|(from 15 December 2005)}}
| mgrtitle = Head-Coach
| chairman = Dr Pranab Dasgupta
| chrtitle = President
| stdtitle = Ground
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]] [[East Bengal Ground]]
| league = [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
| league result = [[2005–06 National Football League (India)|'''Runners-up''']]
| league2 = [[Calcutta Football League]]
| league2 result = '''Runners-up'''
| cup1 = [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| cup1 result = '''Quarter-Finals'''
| cup2 = [[IFA Shield]]
| cup2 result = '''Group Stage'''
| cup4 = [[Durand Cup]]
| cup4 result = '''Group Stage'''
| cup5 = [[Indian Super Cup (1997–2011)|Super Cup]]
| cup5 result = [[2006 Indian Super Cup|'''Champions''']]
| league topscorer = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] ('''12''')
| season topscorer = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] ('''12''')
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
|pattern_b1 = _EastBengal_05_06_Home
|pattern_la1 =
|pattern_ra1 =
|pattern_so1 = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm1 = FFC90E
|rightarm1 = FFC90E
|shorts1 = 000000
|socks1 = FF0000
|pattern_b2 = _EastBengal_05_06_Away
|pattern_la2 = _shoulder_stripes_gold_stripes
|pattern_ra2 = _shoulder_stripes_gold_stripes
|pattern_sh2 =
|pattern_so2 = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm2 = FFFFFF
|body2 = FFFFFF
|rightarm2 = FFFFFF
|shorts2 = 000000
|socks2 = FFFFFF
|prevseason = [[2004–05 East Bengal F.C. season|2004–05]]
|nextseason = [[2006–07 East Bengal F.C. season|2006-07]]
}}

== Competitions ==

===Overall===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="text-align:center; width:200px;" | Competition
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | First match
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | Last match
! style="text-align:center; width:130px;" | Final position
|-
|style="text-align:left;"| [[Calcutta Football League]]
| 31 July 2005
| 30 September 2005
|bgcolor="silver"| Runners-Up
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| 19 October 2005
| 23 October 2005
| Quarter-Finals
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[IFA Shield]]
| 24 November 2005
| 1 December 2005
| Semi-Finals
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Durand Cup]]
| 11 December 2005
| 13 December 2005
| Group Stage
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
| 10 January 2006
| 15 May 2006
|bgcolor="silver"| [[2005–06 National Football League (India)|Runners-Up]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Indian Super Cup (1997–2011)|Super Cup]]
|colspan="2"| 27 May 2006
|bgcolor="gold"| [[2006 Indian Super Cup|Champions]]
|-
|}

===Overview===
{{Fb overview
|c=6
|c1=[[Calcutta Football League]]
|w1=11|l1=2|d1=1|f1=25|a1=7
|c2=[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
|w2=1|l2=0|d2=1|f2=3|a2=1
|c3=[[IFA Shield]]
|w3=1|l3=2|d3=0|f3=7|a3=6
|c4=[[Durand Cup]]
|w4=1|l4=1|d4=0|f4=3|a4=2
|c5=[[2006–07 National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
|w5=9|l5=4|d5=4|f5=25|a5=16
|c6=[[2006 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
|w6=1|l6=0|d6=0|f6=2|a6=1
|u=1 June 2006
}}
 
----
===Calcutta Football League===
{{Main|Calcutta Football League}}

East Bengal finished the 2005 Calcutta Premier Division as runner-up with 34 points from 14 matches, 6 points behind champions [[Mohun Bagan]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=31 Jan 2008 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-reg05.html |title=Calcutta Super Division League (IFA) |work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=18 Aug 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430225834/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india-reg05.html#calc |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 31 July 2005
|round=1
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 0–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200507.html
|team2= [[United S.C.|EverReady]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= D
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 5 August 2005
|round=2
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 2–1
|report = https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/nabi-brace-in-eb-win-tie-vs-tolly/cid/1055612
|team2= [[Tollygunge Agragami]]
|goals1= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|70||88}}
|goals2= Sheikh Azim {{goal|80}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 9 August 2005
|round=3
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 3–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200508.html
|team2= Calcutta Port Trust
|goals1= [[Saumik Dey]] {{goal|78}} [[Dipankar Roy]] {{goal|85}} Sasthi Duley {{goal|89}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 14 August 2005
|round=4
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 2–1
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200508.html
|team2= [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|goals1= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|73||90}}
|goals2= Suman Datta {{goal|36}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 18 August 2005
|round=[[Kolkata Derby|5]]
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 0–1
|report = https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-get-early-jolt-from-mohun-bagan-premier-division-togo-recruit-gley-yao-hits-matchwinner-on-debut/cid/1055989
|team2= [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1=
|goals2= Gley Yao Rodrigue {{goal|17}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee= {{flagicon|ENG}} Dave Roberts
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 22 August 2005
|round=6
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 4–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200508.html
|team2= [[Eastern Railway S.C.|Eastern Railway]]
|goals1= [[I.M. Vijayan]] {{goal|26||58}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|53}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|65}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 25 August 2005
|round=7
|time=
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 2–0
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200508.html
|team2= [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|goals1= [[I.M. Vijayan]] {{goal|11}} [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] {{goal|87}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 3 September 2005
|round=[[Kolkata Derby|8]]
|time=
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan]]
|score= 1–0
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20060917175652/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1050904/asp/sports/story_5194887.asp
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= Gley Yao Rodrigue {{goal|42}}
|goals2=
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee= {{flagicon|IND}} Subrata Sarkar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 8 September 2005
|round=9
|time=
|team1=[[United S.C.|EverReady]]
|score= 1–2
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200509.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= [[Snehashis Chakroborty]] {{goal|66}}
|goals2= Syed Rahim Nabi {{goal|29}} [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] {{goal|70}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 13 September 2005
|round=10
|time=
|team1=[[Tollygunge Agragami]]
|score= 1–3
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200509.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= Prasanta Chakraborty {{goal|44}}
|goals2= Manoj Das {{goal|3}} {{own goal}} Bernard Pires {{goal|19}} RC Prakash {{goal|89}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 17 September 2005
|round=11
|time=
|team1=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|score= 0–3
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200509.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2= Arun Malhotra {{goal|4}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|54}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|67}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 22 September 2005
|round=12
|time=
|team1=Calcutta Port Trust
|score= 1–2
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200509.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1= Srimanta Das {{goal|88}}
|goals2= [[Kalia Kulothungan]] {{goal|80}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|81}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 27 September 2005
|round=13
|time=
|team1=[[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|score= 0–1
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200509.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2= [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|47}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 30 September 2005
|round=14
|time=
|team1=[[Eastern Railway S.C.|Eastern Railway]]
|score= 0–1
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200509.html
|team2= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|goals2= Gouranga Datta {{goal|73}}
|location= [[Kolkata]]
|stadium= [[East Bengal Ground]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm=
|referee=
}}
 
----

===Federation Cup===
{{main|Federation Cup (India)}}

East Bengal started the Federation Cup campaign in the Pre-Quarter Finals against [[Air India F.C.|Air India]] and won 3–1 with goals from Sydney Nkalanga, [[Dipankar Roy]] and [[Mike Okoro]]. [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] scored an own-goal in the dying minutes to give consolation to Air India.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 Oct 2005|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/19eb.htm|title=East Bengal too good for Air India|work=Rediff News|accessdate=18 Aug 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821101357/https://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/19eb.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In the quarter-final, however, East Bengal lost to [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] in the sudden-death after the game ended 0–0 after 120 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 Oct 2005|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/23fed1.htm|title=Churchill hand East Bengal sudden death|work=Rediff News|accessdate=18 Aug 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821101304/https://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/23fed1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 19 October 2005
|round=Pre-Quarter Final
|time=
|team1= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 3–1
|report = http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200510.html
|team2= [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|goals1= Sydney Nkalanga {{goal|9}} [[Dipankar Roy]] {{goal|44}} [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|58}}
|goals2= [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|90+1}} {{own goal}}
|location= [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium= [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= W
|motm= [[Mike Okoro]] (East Bengal).
|referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date= 23 October 2005
|round=Quarter-Final
|time=
|team1= [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score= 0–0
|aet=yes
|report = https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/churchill-beat-east-bengal-via-sudden-death-enter-semis/330725
|team2= [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|penalties1=
* [[Mike Okoro]] {{pengoal}}
* Liswa Nduti {{pengoal}}
* [[Jatin Singh]] {{pengoal}}
* Sydney Nkalanga {{pengoal}}
* [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Covan Lawrence]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Muttah Suresh]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Saumik Dey]] {{pengoal}}
* [[I.M. Vijayan]] {{pengoal}}
* [[Kalia Kulothungan]] {{penmiss}}
|penaltyscore=9–10
|penalties2=
* {{pengoal}} Jotin Singh
* {{pengoal}} Syed Hussain
* {{pengoal}} Sony P T
* {{pengoal}} Vanlalrova
* {{pengoal}} Ngozi Tony
* {{pengoal}} Chitra Singh
* {{pengoal}} Vinay Singh
* {{pengoal}} Villroy D'Cruz
* {{pengoal}} Amjad Hussain
* {{pengoal}} Abba Muritala
|location= [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium= [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm=
|referee= S Suresh
}}
 
----

===IFA Shield===
{{Main|IFA Shield}}

;Group A
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|show_positions=n
|section=Group A

|team1=EBG|name_EBG={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|team2=MDS|name_MDS={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|team3=MBG|name_MBG={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan]]

|win_EBG=1|draw_EBG=0|loss_EBG=1|gf_EBG=6|ga_EBG=4
|win_MDS=1|draw_MDS=0|loss_MDS=1|gf_MDS=3|ga_MDS=3
|win_MBG=1|draw_MBG=0|loss_MBG=1|gf_MBG=2|ga_MBG=4

|col_A=#ccffcc|text_A=
|result1=A
|showteam=EBG
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html 111th IFA Shield 2005]
}}

East Bengal was grouped alongside the other two Kolkata Giants [[Mohun Bagan]] and [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] in Group A. East Bengal lost 2–3 against Mohammedan Sporting in the opening game.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 Nov 2005|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/md-sportsing-shock-east-bengal-3-2-ifa-shield-patrick-sets-up-win-for-black-and-white-brigade/cid/1050682|title=Md. Sporting shock East Bengal 3-2 - IFA SHIELD - Patrick sets up win for black-and white brigade|work=The Telegraph India|accessdate=19 Aug 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821101327/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/md-sportsing-shock-east-bengal-3-2-ifa-shield-patrick-sets-up-win-for-black-and-white-brigade/cid/1050682|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in the second game, against arch-rivals Mohun Bagan, East Bengal registered a 4–1 win with goals from Chandan Das, [[Mike Okoro]] and a brace from [[Alvito D'Cunha]].<ref>{{cite web|date=28 Nov 2005|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/bagan-made-to-pay-for-goalkeeper-s-errors-ifa-shield-alvito-sets-up-4-1-rout-for-east-bengal/cid/1050929|title=Bagan made to pay for goalkeeper's errors - IFA shield - Alvito sets up 4-1 rout for East Bengal|work=The Telegraph India|accessdate=19 Aug 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821101303/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/bagan-made-to-pay-for-goalkeeper-s-errors-ifa-shield-alvito-sets-up-4-1-rout-for-east-bengal/cid/1050929|url-status=live}}</ref> In the semi-finals, East Bengal faced [[United S.C.|EverReady]] and surprisingly lost 2–1 with Chibueze Francis Maduako scoring a brace for EverReady after [[Kalia Kulothungan]] put East Bengal ahead in the 3rd minute.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 Dec 2005|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/francis-brace-takes-ever-ready-to-final-ifa-shield-east-bengal-crash-out/cid/1544915|title=Francis brace takes Ever-Ready to final - IFA SHIELD East Bengal crash out|work=The Telegraph India|accessdate=19 Aug 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821101303/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/francis-brace-takes-ever-ready-to-final-ifa-shield-east-bengal-crash-out/cid/1544915|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=9 Jan 2007 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html |title=111th IFA Shield 2005 |work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=18 Aug 2021 |archive-date=14 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114172539/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india06.html#ifashield |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
| round= Group Stage
| result= L
| date= 24 November 2005
| time=
| team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| score= 2–3
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200511.html
| team2= [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
| goals1= Chandan Das {{goal|66}} [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] {{goal|86}}
| goals2= Okonji Onyelo Patrick {{goal|42}} Satyajit Bose {{goal|69}} Mputu Bolwe {{goal|77}}
| location= [[Kolkata]]
| stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| referee= S Suresh
| motm= Patrick Okonji Onyelo (Md Sporting)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round= [[Kolkata Derby|Group Stage]]
| result= W
| date= 27 November 2005
| time=
| team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| score= 4–1
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200511.html
| team2= [[Mohun Bagan]]
| goals1= Chandan Das {{goal|9}} [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|29}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|43||90+3}}
| goals2= Akeem Abul Alem {{goal|14}}
| location= [[Kolkata]]
| stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| referee= Subrata Sarkar
| motm= [[Alvito D'Cunha]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round= Semi-Final
| result= L
| date= 1 December 2005
| time=
| team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| score= 1–2
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200512.html
| team2= [[United S.C.|EverReady]]
| goals1= [[Kalia Kulothungan]] {{goal|3}}
| goals2= Chibueze Francis Maduako {{goal|24||90+2}}
| location= [[Kolkata]]
| stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| referee= S. Suresh
| motm= Chibueze Francis Maduako (EverReady)
}}
 
----

===Durand Cup===
{{Main|Durand Cup}}

;Group D
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|show_positions=n
|section=Group D

|team1=JCT|name_JCT={{flagicon|IND}} [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]
|team2=EBG|name_EBG={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kingfisher East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|team3=HAL|name_HAL={{flagicon|IND}} [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]

|win_EBG=1|draw_EBG=0|loss_EBG=1|gf_EBG=3|ga_EBG=2
|win_JCT=2|draw_JCT=0|loss_JCT=0|gf_JCT=6|ga_JCT=1
|win_HAL=0|draw_HAL=0|loss_HAL=2|gf_HAL=0|ga_HAL=6

|col_A=#ccffcc|text_A=
|result1=A
|showteam=EBG
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html 118th Durand Cup 2005]
}}

East Bengal was grouped alongside [[JCT F.C.|JCT]] and [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]] in Group D. East Bengal won 2–0 against HAL in the opening fixture withgoals from RC Prakash and [[Jatin Singh|Jatin Singh Bisht]].<ref>{{cite web|date=12 Dec 2005|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-overcome-hasc-2-0-in-opener-durand-cup-army-xi-pip-dempo-to-semis-after-draw-of-lots/cid/1546160|title=East Bengal overcome HASC 2-0 in opener - Durand Cup - Army XI pip Dempo to semis after draw of lots|work=The Telegraph India|accessdate=19 Aug 2021|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819093546/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-overcome-hasc-2-0-in-opener-durand-cup-army-xi-pip-dempo-to-semis-after-draw-of-lots/cid/1546160|url-status=live}}</ref> However, they lost 1–2 against JCT as they were eliminated from the group stages.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 Dec 2005|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/east-bengal-shown-durand-exit-door-by-jct/341522|title=East Bengal shown Durand exit door by JCT|work=Outlook India|accessdate=19 Aug 2021|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819093544/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/east-bengal-shown-durand-exit-door-by-jct/341522|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Arunava |last=Chaudhuri |date=9 Jan 2007 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html |title=118th Durand Cup 2005 |work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=19 Aug 2021 |archive-date=14 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114172539/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india06.html#durand |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
| round= Group Stage
| result= W
| date= 11 December 2005
| time=
| team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| score= 2–0
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200512.html
| team2= [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
| goals1= RC Prakash {{goal|7}} [[Jatin Singh|Jatin Singh Bisht]] {{goal|22}}
| goals2=
| location= [[Delhi]]
| stadium= [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
| referee=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round= Group Stage
| result= L
| date= 13 December 2005
| time=
| team1= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| score= 1–2
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200512.html
| team2= [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]
| goals1= [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|57}}
| goals2= Parveen Kumar {{goal|33}} [[Renedy Singh]] {{goal|63}}
| location= [[Delhi]]
| stadium= [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
| referee=
}}
 
----

===National Football League===
{{Main|2005–06 National Football League (India)}}

====League table====
{{:2005–06 National Football League (India)|showteam=EB}}

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 10 January 2006
|round = 1
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/01/10/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/mohammedan-sporting-club/338886/
|team2 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|goals1 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|78}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (East Bengal)
|referee = S Suresh
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 15 January 2006
|round = 2
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/01/15/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/salgaocar-sports-club/338893/
|team2 = [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|goals1 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|33}}
|goals2 = Fabio dos Passos {{goal|60}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = Fabio dos Passos (Salgaocar)
|referee = Deepak Kumar Dey
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 22 January 2006
|round = [[Kolkata Derby|3]]
|time =
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/01/22/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/east-bengal-club-fc/338902/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (East Bengal)
|referee = Rizwan Ul Haq
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 25 January 2006
|round = 4
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 2–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/01/25/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/fransa-football-club/338897/
|team2 = [[Fransa-Pax FC|Fransa-Pax]]
|goals1 = [[Mike Okoro]] {{goal|8}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|82}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (East Bengal)
|referee = Dinesh Nair
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 29 January 2006
|round = 5
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/01/29/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/air-india/338907/
|team2 = [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = Ndem Guy Herve (East Bengal)
|referee = Syed Sujauddin / Dinesh Nair{{efn|replaced in 2nd Half due to illness.}}
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 2 February 2006
|round = 6
|time =
|team1 = [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]
|score = 0–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/02/02/india/i-league/jagajit-cotton-textile-fc/east-bengal-club-fc/338913/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Narinder Singh {{goal|9}} {{own goal}}
|location = [[Ludhiana]]
|stadium = [[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Sunil Chhetri]] (JCT)
|referee = Deepak Bisht
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 6 February 2006
|round = 7
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 0–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/02/06/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/mahindra-united/338919/
|team2 = [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Jose Ramirez Barreto]] {{goal|68}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[James Lukram Singh]] (Mahindra)
|referee = Dinesh Nair
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 18 March 2006
|round = 8
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 4–3
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/03/18/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/sporting-club-de-goa/338925/
|team2 = [[Sporting Club de Goa]]
|goals1 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|30||60||87}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|65}}
|goals2 = Hardip Singh Saini {{goal|45}} [[Chidi Edeh]] {{goal|55}} [[Bibiano Fernandes (footballer)|Bibiano Fernandes]] {{goal|86}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (East Bengal)
|referee = Komaleeswaran Shankar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 26 March 2006
|round = 9
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 5–3
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/03/26/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/dempo-sports-club/348876/
|team2 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|goals1 = Ndem Guy Herve {{goal|13}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|24}} [[Debabrata Roy]] {{goal|69||77}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|71}}
|goals2 = Majekodumni Bolaji {{goal|34}} [[Ranti Martins]] {{goal|76|pen|85}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Debabrata Roy]] (East Bengal)
|referee = N Mohan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 2 April 2006
|round = 10
|time =
|team1 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|score = 0–2
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/04/02/india/i-league/mohammedan-sporting-club/east-bengal-club-fc/355837/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Ndem Guy Herve {{goal|2}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|54}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = Ndem Guy Herve (East Bengal)
|referee = N Mohan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 8 April 2006
|round = [[Kolkata Derby|11]]
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 3–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/04/08/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/355839/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|48}} [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] {{goal|62}} Gouranga Datta {{goal|89}}
|goals2 = Dharamjit Singh {{sent off|0|30}} [[Mehtab Hossain]] {{goal|72}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Alvito D'Cunha]] (East Bengal)
|referee = P.K. Bose
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 16 April 2006
|round = 12
|time =
|team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|score = 1–3
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/04/16/india/i-league/dempo-sports-club/east-bengal-club-fc/356569/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = Johnny D'Cruz {{goal|35}}
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|63}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] {{goal|71}} [[Dipankar Roy]] {{goal|85}}
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] (East Bengal)
|referee = N Mohan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 20 April 2006
|round = 13
|time =
|team1 = [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/04/20/india/i-league/mahindra-united/east-bengal-club-fc/351703/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|45+1|pen}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Cooperage Ground]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Irungbam Surkumar Singh]] (Mahindra United)
|referee = Pradip Kuma
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 23 April 2006
|round = 14
|time =
|team1 = [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|score = 1–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/04/23/india/i-league/air-india/east-bengal-club-fc/356574/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = Vijith Shetty {{goal|17}}
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|29}}
|location = [[Mumbai]]
|stadium = [[Cooperage Ground]]
|attendance =
|result = D
|motm = Paresh Shivalkar (Air-India)
|referee = Abdul Saleem
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 30 April 2006
|round = 15
|time =
|team1 = [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/04/30/india/i-league/salgaocar-sports-club/east-bengal-club-fc/356572/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Micky Fernandes]] {{goal|81}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = [[Micky Fernandes]] (Salgaocar)
|referee = N Mohan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 8 May 2006
|round = 16
|time =
|team1 = [[Sporting Club de Goa]]
|score = 3–1
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/05/08/india/i-league/sporting-club-de-goa/east-bengal-club-fc/356580/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Chidi Edeh]] {{goal|11}} Hardip Singh Saini {{goal|33}} [[Dudu Omagbemi]] {{goal|35}}
|goals2 = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] {{goal|28}}
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = L
|motm = Hardip Singh Saini (Sporting Clube)
|referee = P Bhaskar
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 15 May 2006
|round = 17
|time =
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2006/05/15/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/jagajit-cotton-textile-fc/351709/
|team2 = [[JCT F.C.|JCT]]
|goals1 = [[Jayanta Sen]] {{goal|25}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = W
|motm = [[Jayanta Sen]] (East Bengal)
|referee = A Arjunan
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|date = 21 May 2006
|round = 18
|time =
|team1 = [[Fransa-Pax FC|Fransa-Pax]]
|score = n/p
|report =
|note = [[Fransa-Pax FC|Fransa-Pax]] team withdrew from the National League midway.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 March 2006|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/03/22/fransa-pax-club-to-be-disbanded-from-tomorrow-pacheco-1143097297.html|title=Fransa Pax Club to be disbanded from tomorrow: Pacheco|work=Outlook India|accessdate=21 Aug 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918131748/https://www.oneindia.com/2006/03/22/fransa-pax-club-to-be-disbanded-from-tomorrow-pacheco-1143097297.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Margao, Goa|Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|attendance =
|result = P
|motm =
|referee =
}}
 
----

===Super Cup===
{{Main|2006 Indian Super Cup}}

Since [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]] won both the [[2005-06 National Football League (India)|2005-06 National Football League]] and the 2005 [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]], National League runner-up East Bengal faced them in the [[2006 Indian Super Cup]] and won 2–1 with goals from Ndem Guy Herve and [[Alvito D'Cunha]].<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=28 May 2006|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-lift-super-cup/cid/1061769|title=East Bengal lift Super Cup|work=The Telegraph India|accessdate=19 Aug 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918131749/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/east-bengal-lift-super-cup/cid/1061769|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Fixtures & results====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{footballbox collapsible
| round=
| result= W
| date= 27 May 2005
| time= 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1= [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]]
| score= 1–2
| report= http://www.indianfootball.de/news/m200605.html
| team2= [[Kingfisher East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| goals1= [[Yusif Yakubu]] {{goal|65}}
| goals2= Ndem Guy Herve {{goal|23}} [[Alvito D'Cunha]] {{goal|33}}
| location= [[Mumbai]]
| stadium= [[Cooperage Ground]]
| referee= S Suresh
| motm= [[Alvito D'Cunha]] (East Bengal)
}}

==Statistics==
===Appearances===
:Players with no appearances are not included in the list.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
!colspan="18"| Appearances for East Bengal in 2005–06 season
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|No.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Pos.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Nat.
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:165px;" rowspan="2" |Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |CFL
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |NFL
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Fed Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Durand Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center; width:86px;" colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts!!Apps!!Starts
|-
!colspan="18"| Goalkeepers
|-
| 1 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || Naseem Akhtar || 4 || 4 || 8 || 8 || || || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || ||
! 16 || 16
|-
| 21 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Abhra Mondal]] || 4 || 4 || 2 || 2 || || || 1 || 1 || || || ||
! 7 || 7
|-
| 24 || GK || {{flagicon|IND}} || Rajat Ghosh Dastidar || 7 || 6 || 7 || 7 || 2 || 2 || || || || || 1 || 1
! 17 || 16
|-
!colspan="18"| Defenders
|-
| 2 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Muttah Suresh]] || 5 || 4 || 6 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1
! 18 || 15
|-
| 5 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Habibur Rehman Mondal]] || 4 || 4 || 3 || 2 || || || || || 2 || 2 || ||
! 9 || 8
|-
| 12 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Arun Malhotra || 7 || 7 || || || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || ||
! 9 || 9
|-
| 12 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Anupam Sarkar]] || || || 15 || 15 || || || || || || || ||
! 15 || 15
|-
| 16 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Covan Lawrence]] || 11 || 10 || 11 || 11 || 2 || 2 || 3 || 3 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 0
! 30 || 28
|-
| 17 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Surya Bikash Chakraborty || 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 || || || || || || || ||
! 5 || 5
|-
| 22 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Debabrata Roy]] || 5 || 5 || 10 || 3 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1
! 19 || 12
|-
| 26 || DF || {{flagicon|CMR}} || Ngassa Guy Martial || || || 12 || 12 || || || || || || || 1 || 1
! 13 || 13
|-
| 27 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Gurpreet Singh || 4 || 4 || || || || || 3 || 2 || || || ||
! 7 || 6
|-
| 29 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Saumik Dey]] || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || ||
! 27 || 27
|-
| || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Debkumar Sashmal || 7 || 5 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 7 || 5
|-
| || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Debjit Ghosh]] || 7 || 6 || || || || || 2 || 1 || || || ||
! 9 || 7
|-
!colspan="18"| Midfielders
|-
| 6 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Dipankar Roy]] || 7 || 7 || 9 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 0
! 20 || 9
|-
| 7 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jayanta Sen]] || 6 || 3 || 15 || 15 || || || || || || || 1 || 1
! 22 || 19
|-
| 8 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sasthi Duley || 8 || 8 || 10 || 5 || || || 3 || 3 || || || 1 || 1
! 22 || 17
|-
| 9 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Alvito D'Cunha]] || 7 || 6 || 12 || 7 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || || || 1 || 1
! 23 || 17
|-
| 11 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Kalia Kulothungan]] || 8 || 4 || 10 || 8 || || || 3 || 1 || || || 1 || 0
! 22 || 13
|-
| 14 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Chandan Das || 7 || 2 || || || || || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || ||
! 10 || 5
|-
| 18 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Tushar Rakshit]] || 3 || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 3 || 0
|-
| 19 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] || 12 || 11 || 15 || 14 || 2 || 2 || || || || || 1 || 1
! 30 || 28
|-
| 20 || MF || {{flagicon|CMR}} || Ndem Guy Herve || || || 13 || 13 || || || || || || || 1 || 1
! 14 || 14
|-
| 27 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Amandeep Singh || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || || || || || ||
! 2 || 2
|-
| 28 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] || 10 || 7 || 17 || 17 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
! 33 || 27
|-
| 30 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Bernard Pires || 5 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || ||
! 13 || 10
|-
| 32 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Gouranga Dutta || 3 || 1 || 11 || 7 || || || || || || || 1 || 1
! 15 || 9
|-
| || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jatin Singh|Jatin Singh Bisht]] || 11 || 8 || || || 2 || 2 || || || 1 || 1 || ||
! 14 || 11
|-
| || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sandip Das || 5 || 5 || || || || || || || || || ||
! 5 || 5
|-
| || MF || {{flagicon|DRC}} || [[Liswa Nduti]] || || || || || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 2 || ||
! 5 || 3
|-
!colspan="18"| Forwards
|-
| 10 || FW || {{flagicon|NGR}} || [[Mike Okoro]] || 2 || 1 || 9 || 6 || 2 || 2 || 3 || 3 || 2 || 2 || ||
! 18 || 14
|-
| 12 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[I.M. Vijayan]] || 5 || 3 || || || 2 || 0 || || || || || ||
! 7 || 3
|-
| 15 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] || || || 16 || 16 || || || || || || || ||
! 16 || 16
|-
| 25 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || R.C. Prakash || 8 || 6 || 2 || 2 || || || 1 || 0 || 2 || 1 || ||
! 13 || 9
|-
| || FW || {{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Sydney Nkalanga]] || || || || || 2 || 2 || 3 || 3 || 2 || 2 || ||
! 7 || 7
|}

=== Goal scorers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
! colspan="12" |Goals for East Bengal in 2005–06 season
|-
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Rank
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |{{Tooltip|Nat.|Nationality}}
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Name
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |CFL
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |NFL
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Fed Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |IFA Shield
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Durand Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Super Cup
! style="background:#d71a23; color:#ffcd31; text-align:center;" |Total
|-
! 1
| 15 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] || || 12 || || || || || 12
|-
! 2
| 19 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Syed Rahim Nabi]] || 8 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 11
|-
!rowspan="2"| 3
| 9 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Alvito D'Cunha]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 5
|-
| 10 || FW || {{flagicon|NGR}} || [[Mike Okoro]] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 5
|-
! 5
| 28 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Shylo Malsawmtluanga]] || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
!rowspan="3"| 6
| 6 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Dipankar Roy]] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3
|-
| 12 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[I.M. Vijayan]] || 3 || || 0 || 0 || 0 || || 3
|-
| 20 || MF || {{flagicon|CMR}} || Ndem Guy Herve || || 2 || || || || 1 || 3
|-
!rowspan="5"| 9
| 11 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Kalia Kulothungan]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| 14 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Chandan Das || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| 22 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Debabrata Roy]] || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| 25 || FW || {{flagicon|IND}} || R.C. Prakash || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
| 32 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Gouranga Dutta || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
!rowspan="7"| 14
| 7 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jayanta Sen]] || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| 8 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Sasthi Duley || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| 12 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Arun Malhotra || 1 || || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| 29 || DF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Saumik Dey]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| 30 || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || Bernard Pires || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
| || FW || {{flagicon|RSA}} || [[Sydney Nkalanga]] || || || 1 || 0 || 0 || || 1
|-
| || MF || {{flagicon|IND}} || [[Jatin Singh|Jatin Singh Bisht]] || 0 || || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| colspan="5" | ''Own goals'' || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
! colspan="5"| Total || 25 || 25 || 3 || 7 || 3 || 2 || 65
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{East Bengal F.C.}}
{{2005–06 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2005-06 East Bengal F.C. season}}
[[Category:East Bengal Club seasons]]

Nandini (TV series)

2026-03-23T19:48:34Z

Tijusacademyoet: Done.

{{Short description|Indian supernatural television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Nandini Sun TV Serial.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = ''Nandini'' poster
| genre = [[Supernatural]] [[Fantasy]] [[Horror fiction|Horror]]
| story = [[Sundar C]]
| director = [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]]
| theme_music_composer = [[Hiphop Tamizha]]
| opentheme = "Yaaradhu Yaaradhu"
Karishma Ravichandran(Vocals)
| composer = [[Dhina]]
| country = India
| language = '''Season:1''' Tamil Kannada''' Season: 2''' Kannada
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 977
| starring = [[Nithya Ram]] [[Kushboo Sundar|Khushbu]] [[Rahul Ravi]] [[Malavika Wales]] [[Gayatri Jayaraman]] {{nowrap|Adhitri Guruvayurappan}} [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] [[Riyaz Khan]] Rekha Krishnappa
| executive_producer =
| producer = '''Season:1''' [[Sundar C]] [[Khushbu Sundar|Kushboo Sundar]] '''Season: 2''' [[Ramesh Aravind]]
| company = '''Season: 1''' [[Avni Cinemax|Avni Telemedia]] [[Sun Network|Sun Pictures]] '''Season: 2''' [[Ramesh Aravind|Ramesh Aravind Productions]]
| network = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] [[Udaya TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|01|23}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2020|07|31}}
| creator =
| list_episodes =
| cinematography = '''Season: 1''' [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]
| editor = N.B.Srikanth, C.M Selva Kumar, Sutheef S
| related = ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]''
| alt_name =
}}

'''''Nandini''''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-[[Kannada]] bilingual<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kushboo-debuts-on-the-kannada-small-screen/articleshow/59755025.cms |title=Khushbu debuts on the Kannada small screen |website=The Times of India |date=26 July 2017 |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612051114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kushboo-debuts-on-the-kannada-small-screen/articleshow/59755025.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sebastian |first=Shilpa |title=Star shines on the tube |website=The Hindu |date=31 July 2017 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/star-shines-on-the-tube/article19395585.ece |access-date=26 April 2024 |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524192556/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/star-shines-on-the-tube/article19395585.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> [[supernatural]] fantasy thriller drama series that aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] and [[Udaya TV]]. This series is considered the most expensive TV serial of all time in South India due to its grand cinematic scale, elaborate visual effects, high production values and its simultaneous launch in multiple South Indian languages.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 Jan 2017|title=Nandini – Sun TV Network Launching Horror Serial across its GEC channels|url=https://indiantvinfo.com/nandini-sun-tv-serial|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=India TV}}</ref>

The first season of ''Nandini'' started in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Kannada]] languages. It aired from 23 January 2017 to 22 December 2018 on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] and from 23 January 2017 to 22 February 2019 on [[Udaya TV]], both for 589 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nandini written update, December 22, 2018: A happy ending for Nandini and others|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/nandini-written-update-december-22-2018-a-happy-ending-for-nandini-and-others/articleshow/67230009.cms|date=24 December 2018 |website=The Times Of India}}</ref> It was produced by [[Sundar C]] under [[Avni Telemedia]]. The season starred [[Nithya Ram]] in a dual role as Ganga and the titular character Nandini, along with an ensemble supporting cast which includes [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Rahul Ravi]], [[Malavika Wales]], [[Gayatri Jayaraman]], Adhitri Guruvayurappan, [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Riyaz Khan]], Rekha Krishnappa and others.

The second season of ''Nandini'' started only in the [[Kannada language]] on [[Udaya TV]] from 25 February 2019 to 31 July 2020 for 381 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|title=ರಮೇಶ್ ಅರವಿಂದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ 'ನಂದಿನಿ 2' ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ಮುಕ್ತಾಯ!|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/ramesh-aravind-production-house-nandini-2-serial-will-end-soon/articleshow/76954930.cms|date=14 July 2020 |website=Vijay Karnataka}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kannada daily soap Nandini season 2 completes 150 episodes; team celebrates the occasion|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-nandini-celebrates-150-episodes/articleshow/71254896.cms|date=23 September 2019 |website=The Times Of India}}</ref> It was produced by [[Ramesh Aravind|Ramesh Aravind Productions]] and served as a sequel to its previous phase.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kavya Shastry in Aravind's telly debut|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/070319/kavya-shastry-in-aravinds-telly-debut.html|date=2019-03-06|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> This season starred [[Nithya Ram]], [[Chaya Singh]], Vinay Gowda, Kavya Shastry, Rashmi, Bharath, Jayashree, Rekha Krishnappa and others.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kannada serial Nandini gets a rerun on television|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kanada-serial-nandini-gets-a-rerun-on-television/articleshow/78276174.cms|date=23 September 2020 |website=The Times Of India}}</ref>

A spin-off of ''Nandini'' titled as ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]'' aired from 29 May to 1 August 2021 in [[Tamil language]] on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] for 13 episodes.
<ref>{{cite web|title=லாக் டவுனை சமாளிக்க இதுதான் வழி: சன் டிவி களமிறக்கும் ஜோதி சீரியல்!|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/sun-tv-serial-update-tamil-news-sun-tv-lunches-new-serial-jothi-306361/|date=24 May 2021|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> It starred [[Meghashree]], Chandana Shetty and Vishnu Unnikrishnan.

==Series overview==
{{series overview
| auxA = Languages
| color1 = #FEA530 
| link1 = #Season 1
| auxA1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Kannada]]
| episodes1 = 589
| start1 = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|1|23}}
| end1 = {{End date|df=yes|2018|12|22}} {{End date|df=yes|2019|02|22}}

| color2 = #30B39F 
| link2 = #Season 2
| auxA2 = [[Kannada]]
| episodes2 = 381
| start2 = {{Start date|df=yes|2019|2|25}}
| end2 = {{end date|df=yes|2020|7|31}}

| color3 = #7487E3 
| linkT3 = Spin-off as ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]] ''
| auxA3 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| episodes3 = 13
| start3 = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|5|29}}
| end3 = {{end date|df=yes|2021|8|1}}
}}

== Plot==

===Season 1 (In Chronological order) ===

In the early 90s, a wealthy man named Rathnavel Boopathy falls in love with an enigmatic shape-shifting serpent named Parvathy, and the two get married. They move to a distant village to escape from Parvathy's evil clan, who are against her marriage. Parvathy gives birth to twin daughters—Nandini and Ganga. Ganga acquires human qualities, whereas Nandini inherits snake traits.

To protect Rathnavel from her clan’s murderous intentions, Parvathy transforms him into a transgender person and lets him escape with one of the daughters, Ganga. She escapes with the other daughter, Nandini. Subsequently, Rathnavel loses all memory and hands Ganga over to a royal housemaid named Manickam. Manickam, who is childless, raises Ganga as his own daughter in the palace where he works. Rathnavel takes on a female name "Seiyanayagi", and continues his devotion to the deity Karuppar.

Parvathy seeks shelter in an abandoned temple of Kaatu Amman in the forest, where she regains her powers as "Shiva Naagam" through the influence of the three Kala Chakras—a set of sacred spiritual objects present in the temple. From then on, Parvathy takes up the responsibility of protecting the Kala Chakras. Meanwhile, Nandini is destined to remain in serpent form until she turns 26, at which point she will attain a human form and the status of "Shakthi Naagam."

Parvathy and Nandini live peacefully as devotees of Kaatu Amman, along with the temple priest Muniappa and his family. A rich businessman named Rajashekar and his five friends(a magician named Namboothiri, three business partners- Kumar, Vichu, Rajesh, and Namboothiri’s sister Madhavi) arrive to steal the three Kala Chakras protected by Parvathy—for personal gain.

One day, Rajashekar and his friends deceive Parvathy and Muniappa’s family, murder Parvathy and steal the three Kala Chakras. Nandhini comes to rescue Gayathri (Muniyappa's daughter) from one of the murderers Rajesh, and kills him. Gayathri asks Nandhini to go to the temple. Gayathri was then taken by the village people. When Nandini reaches the temple, she witnesses a dying Parvathy who asks Nandini to avenge her by killing every murderer along with their families and reclaiming the stolen Kala Chakras and then she dies. Nandhini goes fiercely to avenge all the 5 but with the 3 kaal chakras power, she faints down and gets captured by the murderers.

The Kala Chakras only have power as long as Nandini is alive. So, they decide to trap Nandini at Rajashekar’s palace, where her twin sister Ganga lives. Namboothiri traps Nandini in a snake pit with magical protection, rendering her immobile. She is sealed in the snake pit with a magical law stating that "Nandini can never break free until the blood of her true devotee falls on her skin".

Soon after, Arun moves to Malaysia, leaving his pregnant wife Janaki behind at the palace. During this time, Janaki bonds well with the grown-up Ganga, who works as a maid in the palace. Months later, she gives birth to a child, but the baby is secretly swapped with a dead child, making everyone believe that Janaki's child died. Dharmaraj—Arun's uncle—kills Janaki with the help of his son Moorthy and their friend Balaji, hoping his own daughter Maya can marry Arun. Arun is devastated after Janaki's death and goes into depression. Janaki returns as a spirit to bring back her child and protect her family.

Arun agrees to remarry for the sake of his daughter Devasena. Meanwhile, Rajashekar’s wicked sisters Devi and Manju, along with Janaki’s murderer Dharmaraj, compete to get their daughters married to Arun. However, Janaki’s spirit thwarts all their plans and kills Balaji, one of her murderers. Eventually, Ganga agrees to marry Arun at Rajashekar’s request and promises to raise Devasena with love. Meanwhile, Janaki continues protecting Arun from Bhairavi’s attacks.
The night before her wedding, Ganga’s blood accidentally spills into the snake pit during pooja, breaking the 20-year magical protection around Nandini. Nandini enters Ganga’s body to avenge her mother’s death. After Ganga marries Arun, she begins her quest for revenge. Nandini plans to kill Arun and Devasena to make Rajashekar suffer but is stopped by Janaki’s spirit. Nandini successfully kills Kumar, one of the murderers of Parvathy, but fails to attain the Kala Chakras. The battle between Janaki’s spirit and Nandini escalates—one fighting to protect the family, the other seeking its destruction. Nandini leaves Ganga’s body to avoid detection. Ganga, taking responsibility for Kumar’s death, surrenders and is imprisoned to prevent Nandini’s return. Namboothiri, however, sees through this and ensures Ganga is released. Ganga starts despising Nandini without knowing the true story behind Nandini's revenge.
Meanwhile, Bhairavi seeks the Kala Chakras after knowing about its true powers. An evil witch named Saamundi, also seeks the Kala Chakras for gaining power. Multiple battles occur amongst various people for getting the ownership of the Kala Chakras. Janaki's lookalike named Seetha arrives into Ganga's life, unknowingly creating conflicts between her and Arun. Ganga leaves the house due to misunderstandings and ends up learning about Nandini’s true story. Ganga confronts Rajashekar and begs for the Kala Chakras. But he tricks her and tries to kill her, but Seiyanayagi rescues her and treats her in secret.

On the night of a full moon, on her 26th birthday, Nandini attains a female form identical to Ganga. But no one knows the true form of Nandini's appearance. Meanwhile, Rajashekar is scared that his son will discover Ganga's murder and commands Bhairavi to disguise herself as Ganga and return to the palace to obtain the Kala Chakras. Nandini makes use of this chance and captures Bhairavi, kills Namboothiri and enters the palace posing as Ganga to search for the Kala Chakras. Madhavi, the final murderer of Parvathy, emerges from her long penance to try and kill Nandini. Rajashekar, sensing danger, pleads for forgiveness when Ganga returns. It soon becomes clear that Nandini and Ganga look identical.

A few days later, Nandini kills two other murderers- Vichu and Rajashekar, which causes Ganga to misunderstand her. Bhairavi, now reformed, forgives Arun and assists Nandini in her quest for the Kala Chakras. Meanwhile, Janaki kills Dharmaraj and Saamundi to protect her family. Madhavi seeks the assist of Janaki's spirit to help her kill Nandini. Janaki agrees to protect her family from Nandini. Ganga initially tries to kill Nandini but eventually learns from Seiyanayagi that they are sisters. The two join forces, but fate separates them once again when Madhavi gains possession of all three Kala Chakras and resurrects Namboothiri.

The entire family now realize the evil intentions of Madhavi and Namboothiri. Together, Madhavi and Namboothiri trap Nandini in the Kaatu Amman temple. Their plan is thwarted when Ganga gives Nandini the three Kala Chakras. With Janaki’s spirit helping her, Nandini kills both Namboothiri and Madhavi. Contrary to Parvathy’s dying wish that the entire Rajashekar family be destroyed, Nandini chooses to spare the remaining members and turns herself into a stone serpent as penance. Ganga is heartbroken by their separation, but Nandini promises to visit her once every year. Ganga later becomes pregnant, and the family begins a new, peaceful life. Though separated, the bond between Nandini and Ganga remains unbreakable. The final episode focuses on their enduring sisterhood.

===Season 2===
After all the problems are over, Arun and his family live in peace, but after sending Ganga to the temple for some puja purposes, the palace collapses and Arun dies. He is the son of Namboothiri and the reason is that he has come to ask for revenge for killing his father. His name is Akshtavakra. Ganga also dies during childbirth. Then the priest raises her child. After the child grows up, Devasena, who lives in Bangalore, finds her and brings her back. But Sharbha and Ashtavakra, who came to get the Kalachakra, try to harm Janani. So Janani realizes that she is an Arthasivanagam. At the same time, Janani also falls in love with a young man named Virat. Janani, realizing that her goal is something else, leaves him. Ram and Shabad, who came to get the Kalachakra, kill Janani. So Janani turns into a stone and goes to Nandini. But it shows that Janani's life is not complete. Later, Devasena realizes that Arun had not only one daughter but two children. Janani and Nandini are sisters. Nandini returns. Janani's soul enters Nandini's body and takes revenge. Trishala is the daughter born to Ganga when she lived as a snake in her previous life in the Naga world. She also comes to help Janani, but Madhavi returns in the form of a serpent to fight them. After Janani destroys everyone, Nandini leaves her body and goes outside. Everyone dedicates the Kalachakra to the goddess, Trishalaya becomes the queen of Nagalok, and Nandini decides to live her family life with Virat and enjoy the rest of her life.

==Cast and characters==
===Season 1===
==== Main ====
* [[Nithya Ram]] in a [[dual role]] as:
** Nandini: a Shakti Naagam, a shape-shifting serpent who exacts vengeance on the assassins who murdered her mother Parvathy; Rathnavel and Parvathy's elder daughter,
** Ganga Arun: the human component, Rathnavel and Parvathy's younger daughter.
*** Baby Ahana as Young Ganga
* [[Rahul Ravi]] as Arun Rajasekhar: Rajasekhar's son.
* [[Malavika Wales]] in a dual role as:
** Janaki Arun: Arun's first wife. (Dead)
** Seetha: the human element, Janaki's medium look alike, Ganga and Arun's well-wisher.
* Adhithri Guruvayurappan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adhitri Guruvayurappan-Child Actress in Nandini Serial on Sun/Surya/Udaya/Gemini TV |url=https://www.vinodadarshan.com/2017/01/adhitri-guruvayurappan-child-actress-in.html |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Vinodadarshan}}</ref> as Devasena: Janaki and Arun's daughter, Rajasekhar's granddaughter, Ganga's step-daughter.

==== Recurring ====
*[[Gayatri Jayaraman]] as Bhairavi: A Yogini, she was a magician who sought revenge against Arun and helped Nandhini in finding the Kaal Chakras.
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Rajashekar: Father of Arun and Malathy. He was one of the murderers who seeks "Kaal Chakra", and killed Parvathy and then killed by Nandhini.
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Rathnavel Bhoopathi alias Seiya Nayagi: a transgender who worships the deity Karuppan; Ganga and Nandini's father and Paravathy's husband.
*Rekha Krishnappa as Madhavi: A Shiva Thapasvini; She was one of the murderers who seeks "Kaal Chakra", and killed Parvathy and then killed by Nandhini.
**[[Vanishree]] as young Madhavi
* [[Sachu]] as Annapoorani: Rajasekhar's elder sister, Arun's aunt
* [[Narasimha Raju (Telugu actor)|Narasimha Raju]] as Muniappan: Parvathy's henchman, Nandini's guardian and Gayatri's father, killed by Madhavi.
* Vinod as Krishna Tamburan alias Namboothiri: A priest, He was one of the murderers who seeks "Kaal Chakra", and killed Parvathy and then killed by Nandhini; Madhavi's brother
* [[Shreya Anchan]] as Gayatri alias Sandhya Manimegalai: Muniappan and Lakshmi's daughter, Nandhini and Ganga's cousin sister who attempts a revenge against the murderers who killed Parvathy, then killed by Naagananthian
** [[Yuvina Parthavi]] as Young Gayatri
* [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Parvathy Rathnavel: a Shiva Naagam, the shape-shifting serpent, Rathnavel's wife (Dead)
* [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] / [[Kanya Bharathi]] as Devi: Annapoorani and Rajasekhar's first younger sister, Arun's aunt; Eshwaran's wife and Shanthi's mother
* Meena Vemuri as Leela: Annapoorani and Rajasekhar's second younger sister, Arun's aunt; Dharmaraj's wife, Moorthy and Maya's mother
* Keerthi Jai Dhanush as Maya: Leela and Dharmaraj's daughter, Moorthy's Sister and Arun's cousin
* Padmini Jagadeesh as Manju, Annapoorani and Rajasekhar's third younger sister, Arun's aunt and Kumar's wife
* [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Selva Rani: Rajasekhar's second wife, Arun's step mother
* Swetha as Malathi: Rajasekhar and Selva Rani's daughter, Arun's younger sister and Moorthy's wife
* [[K. S. G. Venkatesh]] as Maanikam: Rajasekhar's henchman, Ganga's adoptive father
* Ramesh Pandit as Dharmaraj: Leela's husband, Moorthy and Maya's father
* Kiran as Moorthy: Leela and Dharmaraj's son, Maya's brother, Arun's cousin, Gayatri's ex-fiancé and Malathi's husband
* Sri Ganesh as Eshwaran: Devi's husband and Shanthi's father
* Bhanuprakash as Kumar: Manju's husband
* Manjula Paritala as Shanthi: Devi and Eshwaran's daughter
* Shabnam as Ramya: Manju and Kumar's daughter, Arun's ex-fiancé
* [[Shanmugarajan]] / [[Mahanadi Shankar]] as Sathyanarayanan: Selva Rani's younger brother
* [[Rani (Tamil actress)|Rani]] as Mallika: Sathyanarayanan's wife
* Vijaya Durga as Chamundi: Witch who seeks "Kaal Chakra", killed by Janaki
* [[Vichu Vishwanath]] as Vichu: He was one of the murderers who seeks "Kaal Chakra", and killed Parvathy and then killed by Nandhini; Rajasekhar's business partner
* Girish as Kumar: He was one of the murderers who seeks "Kaal Chakra", killed Parvathy and then killed by Nandhini
* Gracey as Lakshmi: Muniappa's wife and Gayatri's mother
* Deepa Nethran as Raadha: Gayatri's adoptive mother
* Mohammed Mastan Naga as Naganandiyan: Parvathy's elder brother, shape shifting serpent
* Ramesh Kannan as Nagavanchiyan
* Rudrachand as Shenbagachezhiyan
* V.S.Jayanthi as Chellamma
* Nanditha Ghosh as Kavitha: Bhairavi's younger sister
* Kousalya Senthamarai as Ranganayaki
* [[Kalairani]] as Naachiyaaramma: magician
* Niranjan BS as Suresh: Ramya's lover
* [[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Neelakanthan
* Thameem Ansari as Balaji: Arun's friend
* Sivakumar as Dr. Siva
* Swarna Ramakrishnan as Meenakshi
* Ram Rajesh as an Icchadhari Snake
* Baba Lakshman as Janaki's father, killed by Bhairavi

====Special appearances====
* [[Manjula Vijayakumar]] as Manjula: Rajasekhar's first wife and Arun's mother (posthumous photographic appearance only)
* [[Singampuli]] as himself
* [[Vaiyapuri]] as himself
* [[Sudha Raghunathan]] as herself

===Season 2===
*[[Nithya Ram]] in a triple role as:
** Janani Viraat: A human element but has a snake powers; Arun and Ganga's daughter; Devasena's half sister; Viraat's wife (Dead)
*** Baby Lisha as Young Janani
** Nandini: Shakti Naagam, Rathnavel and Parvathy's oldest daughter, Muniappan's adopted daughter, Ganga's twin sister, Janani's aunt and a shape-shifting serpent (Cameo)
** Ganga Arun: the human component, Rathnavel and Parvathy's younger daughter, Nandhini's twin sister; Arun's second wife, Rajasekhar's daughter-in-law, Devasena's stepmother, Janani's mother (Extended cameo)
* [[Chaya Singh]] as Nandini - Nandini's reincarnation; a human element but has a snake powers; Viraat's second wife
* Vinay Gowda as Viraat
* Kavya Shastry as Devasena - Arun and Janaki's daughter; Ganga's stepdaughter and Janani's half sister
** Adhithri Guruvayurappan as Young Devasena (Extended cameo)
* Rashmi as Neeli: An over attitude girl who one-sidedly loved Viraat
* Bharath as Ashtavakra
* Jayashree as Sharabha
* Anu Poovamma
* Rekha Krishnappa as Madhavi
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Rathnavel Bhoopathi alias Seiya Nayagi (Cameo)
* [[Rahul Ravi]] as Arun Rajasekhar (Cameo)
* [[Ramesh Aravind]] as a Narrator

==Reception==
===Ratings===
===Season 1===
This season was simultaneously launched in four languages- Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada. In week 42 of 2017 and the following week, the show was at first position.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=28 October 2017|title=BARC Tamil shows TRP week 42: Television premiere of Vijay Theri leads the list of top five programmes|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/photos/entertainment/barc-tamil-shows-trp-week-42-television-premiere-of-vijay-theri-leads-the-list-of-top-five-programmes-2617|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[News Nation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 November 2017|title=BARC Tamil Shows TRP week 43 Pichaikkaran Deiva Magal Nandini top five programmes|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/photos/entertainment/barc-tamil-shows-trp-week-43-pichaikkaran-deiva-magal-nandini-top-five-programmes-2636|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=News Nation}}</ref> In week 52 of 2018, it was at first position with 18.47 million impressions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=8 January 2019|title=Zee Tamil's Sembaruthi bolsters its dominance|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2019/jan/08/zee-tamils-sembaruthi-bolsters-its-dominance-3073203.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref>
In a press meet, actor [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] claimed that over 100 Million people watch Nandini everyday in the entire South India. This serial is also the most watched Tamil Serial of all time in Youtube, with its climax episode garnering over 22 Million views.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 May 2017|title=Vijayakumar at Nandini tamil serial PressMeet|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaLt5JcIH24|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

===Season 2===
Season 2 was only launched in Kannada language. Even though the season had good [[Target Rating Point|TRP]] in its initial days, it began to drop after [[COVID-19]] break and the show went off-air on 31 July 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Supernatural fiction Nandini 2 to go off air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/supernatural-fiction-nandini-2-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/76954408.cms|date=14 July 2021|website=The Times Of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{notelist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6790222}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Malaysia]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television series about snakes]]
[[Category:Television series about shapeshifting]]
[[Category:Fiction about human–snake romance]]
[[Category:Television series by Avni Telemedia]]

Indian Maritime University

2026-03-23T01:13:04Z

Tijusacademyoet: improve lead additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Maritime college in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Indian Maritime University
| native_name = भारतीय समुद्री विश्वविद्यालय
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| caption =
| motto = {{IAST3|samudra jñānaṃ jñāna samudram}}
| mottoeng = “Knowledge is an ocean; the ocean is knowledge”
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2008|11|14}}
| chancellor = [[President of India]]
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Malini V. Shankar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd.)
| administrative_staff = 150
| free_label = Acronym
| free = IMU
| country = India
| campus = [[Chennai]], [[Kochi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| website = {{URL|imu.edu.in}}
| city = {{Location map+|India|places=
{{Location map~|India|label='''Chennai'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=12.882|long=80.083|link=Indian_Maritime_University#Chennai_Campus|}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Mumbai '''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=18.949|long=72.833|link=Indian_Maritime_University#Mumbai_Port_Campus|}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Kochi'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=9.971|long=76.274|link=Indian_Maritime_University#Kochi_Campus|}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Kolkata'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=22.570|long=88.369|link=Indian_Maritime_University#Kolkata_Campus|}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Visakhapatnam'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=17.686|long=83.218|link=Indian_Maritime_University#Visakhapatnam_Campus|}}
}}
}}
The '''Indian Maritime University''', abbreviated as '''IMU''', is a [[Central University (India)|public central university]] directly under the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]], in India. IMU is the national institution for maritime education, commercial shipping, marine engineering, and maritime administration. It is India's prestigious institution for the training of [[merchant Navy]] officers. IMU is highly regarded as the number 1 maritime institute in India. Admissions to IMU are done through '''IMUCET''' entrance examination, which is conducted every year across the country. It was established by the Indian Maritime University Act 2008, on 14 November 2008. Before the foundation of IMU, there were seven teaching and research institutes under the Ministry of Shipping. The following legacy institutes were subsumed under IMU in 2008.
* National Maritime Academy, Chennai
* [[Training Ship Chanakya]], Mumbai
* Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Advanced Maritime Studies & Research, Mumbai
* [[Marine Engineering and Research Institute]], Mumbai
* [[Marine Engineering and Research Institute]], Kolkata
* Indian Institute of Port Management, Kolkata
*National Ship Design & Research Centre, Visakhapatnam
It has an All-India jurisdiction and the headquarters is at [[Chennai]]. It has six campuses in [[Chennai]], [[Kochi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai Port]], [[Navi Mumbai]], and [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imu.edu.in/ |title=Welcome to Indian Maritime University |access-date=14 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617132418/http://www.imu.edu.in/ |archive-date=17 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nsdrc.res.in/imuv |title=IMU |access-date=29 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110722122019/http://www.nsdrc.res.in/imuv |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
'''Chennai Campus'''

The Chennai campus has a history dating back to 1984 when the National Institute of Port Management (NIPM) was established by the Government of India as an independent body. The NIPM provided professional training courses to individuals working in the ports sector with technical assistance from [[UNDP]]. Later it came to be known as National Maritime Academy and after the formation of IMU in 2008, it is now known as Indian Maritime University – Chennai campus. The campus houses the academic block, hostel, residential and recreational facilities.
[[File:IMU bsc campus.png|thumb|IMU chennai campus]]
The academy was established with the technical assistance from [[UNDP]] / [[UNCTAD]]. It is credited with ISO 9001:2000 Certification and accredited as grade 1 rating by [[ICRA Limited|ICRA]].{{CN|date=March 2025}}

IMU Chennai offers the following academic programs:
* B.Sc., in Nautical Science
* B.Tech. in [[Marine Engineering]]
* Diploma in Nautical Science
* MBA in Port and Shipping Management
* MBA in International Transportation and Logistics Management
* BBA in Logistics, Retailing and E-Commerce
* Post Sea / STCW Courses

== Affiliated colleges ==
[[File:Front View(IMUV).jpg|thumb|IMU campus in [[Visakhapatnam]]]]
Following are list of colleges affiliated under IMU. As of 2025, there were 21 colleges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imu.edu.in/images/B%20TECH%20Marine.pdf|title=The list of institutes affiliated under IMU for B.Tech. Marine Engineering|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418035656/http://imu.edu.in/images/B%20TECH%20Marine.pdf|archive-date=2013-04-18|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imu.edu.in/images/DNS%20Affiliated%20Institutes.pdf|title=The list of institutes affiliated under IMU for various courses|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060023/http://www.imu.edu.in/images/DNS%20Affiliated%20Institutes.pdf|archive-date=2017-03-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!Name of college
!Location
|-
|1
|Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy
|[[Karjat]]
|-
|2
|Applied Research International School of Maritime Studies
|[[South Delhi]]
|-
|3
|[[Coimbatore Marine College]]
|[[Coimbatore]]
|-
|4
|College of Ship Technology
|[[Palakkad]]
|-
|5
|Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology
|[[Sri Vijaya Puram]]
|-
|6
|[[Euro Tech Maritime Academy]]
|[[Aluva]]
|-
|7
|[[HIMT|HIMT College (Hindustan Institute of Maritime Training)]]
|[[Chennai]]
|-
|8
|[[International Maritime Institute]]
|[[Greater Noida]]
|-
|9
|MMTI'S Education & Research Trust
|[[Khalapur]]
|-
|10
|Park Maritime Academy
|[[Coimbatore]]
|-
|11
|Maritime Training Institute (SCI)
|[[Powai]]
|-
|12
|Maritime Training Institute (SCI)
|[[Thoothukudi]]
|-
|13
|RL Institute of Nautical Sciences
|[[Madurai]]
|-
|14
|[[Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies]]
|[[Lonavala]]
|-
|15
|Sriram Institute of Marine Studies
|[[Dwarka, Delhi]]
|-
|16
|Southern Academy of Maritime Studies
|[[Panapakkam]]
|-
|17
|The Great Eastern Institute of Maritime Studies
|[[Lonavala]]
|-
|18
|[[Tolani Maritime Institute]]
|[[Induri]]
|-
|19
|Training Ship Rahman
|[[Mumbai]]
|-
|20
|Vishwakarma Maritime Institute
|[[Pune]]
|-
|21
|Yak Education Trust
|[[Khopoli]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|imu.edu.in}}

{{IndianCentralUniv}}
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Universities and colleges in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Maritime colleges in India]]
[[Category:Central universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Universities in Chennai]]
[[Category:Universities in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Universities in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Visakhapatnam]]

Mahmud I of Delhi

2026-03-20T20:13:10Z

Tijusacademyoet: Stub

{{Short description|Sultan of Delhi from 1246 to 1266}}
{{About|the Mamluk sultan of Delhi||Nasiruddin Mahmud (disambiguation){{!}}Nasiruddin Mahmud}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Mahmud I
|title = Sultan
| succession = 8th [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]]
| reign = 10 June 1246 – 18 February 1266
| coronation = 10 June 1246 in [[Delhi]]
| predecessor = [[Ala ud din Masud]]
| successor = [[Ghiyasuddin Balban]]
| spouse = Malikah-i-Jahan Khani,<ref>Minhaj-i-Siraj, "Tabaqat-i-Nasiri" translated by Major HG Raverty (1873), pp. 686, 714.</ref>{{primary source inline|date=February 2024}} daughter of [[Ghiyasuddin Balban]]
| issue =
| royal house = [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk]]
| father = [[Shamsuddin Iltutmish]] (or possibly Iltutmish's son Nasiruddin Mahmud{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=256}}{{sfn|Jaswant Lal Mehta|1979|p=105}})
| mother = ''Malikah-i-Jahan'' Jalal-ud-Dunya-wa-uddin<ref>Minhaj-i-Siraj, "Tabaqat-i-Nasiri" translated by Major HG Raverty (1873), p. 676</ref>{{primary source inline|date=February 2024}}
| birth_date = 1229 or 1230
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| death_date = 18 February 1266 (aged 35–37)
| death_place = [[Delhi]]
| place of burial =
| image = Coin of Naziruddin Mahmud.jpg
| caption = Silver tanka of Nasir ud Din Mahmud
| religion = [[Islam]]
| module = {{infobox military person|embed = yes
| serviceyears = 1246–1266
}}}}

'''Nasir ud din Mahmud Shah''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|ناصر الدین محمود شاه}}}}; 1229/1230 – 19 November 1266), also known as '''Mahmud I''', was the eighth [[List of sultans of Delhi|Sultan of Delhi]]. The [[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]], written by the court historian [[Minhaj-i-Siraj]], is dedicated to him. His father-in-law [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] handled the state affairs during his reign.

== Early life ==
''[[Tabaqat-i Nasiri]]'', written by the Sultan's court historian [[Minhaj-i-Siraj]], calls him a son (''ibn'') of Iltutmish.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=256}} According to Minhaj's account, Nasiruddin was born in the year of 626 Hijri (1229-1230 CE), in Delhi's Kasr-Bagh (the Garden Castle). His mother was a concubine ( who later, during his son's reign, was given the title of Malikah-i-Jahan).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Minhaj-i-Siraj Jurjani|first=Abu-'Umar-i-'Usman|title=The Tabaqat-i-Nasiri translated by Major H.G. Raverty|publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal|year=1873|location=London|pages=633–676|language=English}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=February 2024}} He was born sometime after the untimely death of Iltutmish's eldest son and heir apparent [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah]]. Iltutmish named the child after the deceased prince, and sent him and his mother to live in a palace in the Loni (or Luni) village.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=256}}

[[Isami (historian)|Isami]] and [[Firishta]] describe the Sultan as a grandson of Iltutmish instead. Some modern scholars consider Minhaj as more reliable because he was a contemporary of the Sultan,{{sfn|Riazul Islam|2002|p=323}} while others believe that he was a son of Iltutmish's eldest son Nasiruddin, and was named after his father. For example, historians [[K. A. Nizami]] and J. L. Mehta believe that it is unlikely that Iltutmish sent his own son away from Delhi to the Loni village instead of bringing him up at the royal palace. Mehta states that Minhaj's statement that the child was "brought up and educated ''as a prince''" indirectly implies that the child was not a prince by birth. Plus, Minhaj states that in 1225 CE, Sultan Nasiruddin's mother married an office named Qutlugh Khan. According to Nizami and Mehta, it is unlikely that a widow of Iltutmish married a petty noble: it is more likely that Sultan Nasiruddin's mother was a widow of Iltutmish's son Nasiruddin.{{sfn|K. A. Nizami|1992|pp=256}}{{sfn|Jaswant Lal Mehta|1979|p=105}}

== Reign ==
[[File:Silver Tanka from the Sultanate of Delhi, struck in the name of Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah, photographed from a personal collection in West Bengal, India, September 17, 2024.jpg|thumb|Silver Tanka from the Sultanate of Delhi, struck in the name of Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah.]]
On May 10, 1242, Sultan [[Muiz ud din Bahram]] was dethroned. Umara{{Efn|plural of 'Amir'}} and Maliks took the possession of Delhi from him. Mahmud, along with his brother Jalal-ud-Din Masud Shah and nephew [[Ala-ud-Din Masud Shah|Ala ud din Masud]] (son of [[Ruknuddin Firuz]]) was brought to Firuzi castle, the royal residence, from the confinement of the white castle by the umara and Ala ud din Masud was chosen as the Sultan. Both the brothers remained in confinement until September 1243, when Masud ordered them to be released and conferred upon Mahmud the city of Bharaij and its dependencies. Mahmud left Delhi and went to his fief with his mother. He undertook expeditions against the rebels in that territory and the adjacent mountains.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Minhaj-i-Siraj Jurjani|first=Abu-'Umar-i-'Usman|title=The Tabakat-i-Nasiri. Translated by Major H.G. Raverty|publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal|year=1873|isbn=|location=London|pages=633–676}}</ref>

He ascended to the throne of Delhi Sultanate in 1246 at the age of 17 or 18 after the chiefs replaced [[Ala ud din Masud]], when they felt that Masud began to behave as a [[tyrant]].

As a ruler, Mahmud was known to be very religious, spending most of his time in prayer (''[[namaz]]'') and copying the [[Quran]]. However, it was actually his father-in-law and Naib, [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]], who primarily dealt with the state affairs.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=74–76}}</ref> His reign lasted from 1246 to 1265.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanifi |first=Manzoor Ahmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGduAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Nasiruddin+%2C+the+youngest+son+of+Iltutmish%22 |title=A Short History of Muslim Rule in Indo-Pakistan |publisher=Ideal Library |year=1964 |page=43}}</ref> After Mahmud's death in 1266, Balban (1266–87) rose to power as Mahmud had no surviving children to be his heir.

== Personal life ==
Unlike many of his predecessors and successors, Mahmud strictly followed [[monogamy]]. He spent most of his time writing down verses of the [[Quran]]. He sold the handwritten copies and used the money for his personal expenses. Surprising enough, he had no servants to carry out his personal tasks. His wife had to cook the food for the family.<ref name="Vandhargal Vendrargal">{{cite book |authorlink= Madhan |title= Vandhargal Vendrargal|year= 2012|publisher= Vikatan Prasuram|location= Chennai|isbn= 978-81-89780-59-3|page= 27}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=the writer is a cartoonist, journalist, and film critic; not a historian|date=February 2020}}

=== Consort ===
Sultan Nasir ud-Din Mahmud Shah had strictly followed monogamy by marrying Malika-i-Jahan Khani, the daughter of [[Balban|Ulugh Khan, Ghiyas ud-Din Balban]] in 1250 (mentioned the marriage took place on 3rd Safar 647H.) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Minhaj-i-Siraj-Jurjani |first=Abu-'Umar-i-'Usman |title=The Tabakat-i-Nasiri. Translated by Major H.G. Raverty |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal. |year=1873 |location=London |pages=685-687}}</ref>

=== Issue ===
Sultan Nasir ud-Din Mahmud had at least five children<ref name=":0" />:

* Malik Rukn ud-Din Firuz Shah (died before 1260s)
* Malik Taj ud-Din Ibrahim Shah (died before 1260s)
* Malik Muizz ud-Din Bahram Shah (died before 1260s)
* Malik Shihab ud-Din Muhammad Shah; in other text he was mentioned as Shihab ud-Din Mahmud <ref name=":0" /> (died before 1260s)
* unnamed daughter, mentioned to be the only daughter of Nasir ud-Din Mahmud who married to Balban's son, [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah |url=https://historyunravelled.com/warriors/nasiruddin-mahmudshah |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=History Unravelled: The History You Can Trust}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Mamluk dynasty of Delhi|Mamluk dynasty]]
*[[History of India]]
*[[Islamic history]]
*[[List of Indian monarchs]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=K. A. Nizami |author-link=K. A. Nizami |chapter=The Early Turkish Sultans of Delhi |editor1=Mohammad Habib |editor2=Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |author=Riazul Islam |title=Sufism in South Asia: Impact on Fourteenth Century Muslim Society |year=2002 |isbn=9780195790054 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=91PYAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=Jaswant Lal Mehta |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |volume=2 |year=1979 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. |isbn=9788120706170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC&pg=PA105 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01368/web/html_slave_pg-2.html India Through the Ages]
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slave-dynasty The Slave Dynasty]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Ala ud din Masud]]|
title=[[Mamluk dynasty of Delhi|Mamluk Dynasty]]|
years=1206–1290|
after=[[Ghiyas ud din Balban]]
}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Ala ud din Masud]]|
title=[[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]]|
years=1246–1266|
after=[[Ghiyas ud din Balban]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasir Ud Din Mahmud}}
[[Category:Sultans of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)]]
[[Category:1266 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century births]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]

Bathing Ghat, Bulandshahr

2026-03-20T03:24:37Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting pg...

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Bathing Ghat, Bulandshahr
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = Bulandshahr bathing ghat, 2023.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = Bulandshahr bathing ghat, 2023
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_relief =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| coordinates = {{coord|28|24|31|N|77|51|45|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| former_names =
| alternate_names =
| etymology =
| status =
| cancelled =
| topped_out =
| building_type = [[Ghat]]
| architectural_style =
| classification =
| location =
| address =
| location_city = [[Bulandshahr]]
| location_country = India
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| altitude =
| current_tenants =
| namesake =
| groundbreaking_date = 1 November 1878
| construction_start_date = 1878
| construction_stop_date =
| topped_out_date =
| completion_date = 1880
| opened_date =
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| relocated_date =
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| height = {{cvt|52|ft}}
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| website = 
}}
The '''Bathing Ghat in Bulandshahr''' is a stone platform with steps positioned between four domed towers on the banks of the [[Kali River (Uttar Pradesh)|Kali River]] in [[Bulandshahr]], India. Its foundation stone was laid in 1878 under the supervision of British [[District magistrate|district magistrate and collector]] for the [[Indian Civil Service]], [[Frederic Salmon Growse|Frederick Growse]]. It was completed in 1880.

Within a few years of construction, it had become a site for local festivals and displays of fireworks, particularly at [[Holi]].

==Origin==
[[File:Bathing ghat Bulandshahr 1880.png|thumb|left|Bathing ghat Bulandshahr, 1880]]
The bathing ghat at Bulandshahr is a stone platform with steps positioned between four domed towers on the banks of the [[Kali River (Uttar Pradesh)|Kali River]].<ref name=CR1884>{{cite book |last=Growse |first=F. S. |title=Calcutta Review |date=1884 |publisher=University of Calcutta |pages=128–157 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7qgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA140 |language=en |chapter=VIII. The rebuilding of Bulandshahr |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214012410/https://books.google.com/books?id=i7qgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA140 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Growse> Growse, F. S. [https://archive.org/details/bulandshahrorsk00growgoog/page/n118/mode/2up?q=ghat ''Bulandshahr; or, Sketches of an Indian district; social, historical and architectural'']. Benares: Medical Hall Press, 1884. p. 67</ref> Its foundation stone was laid on 1 November 1878 under the supervision of British district magistrate and collector for the Indian Civil Service, Frederick Growse.<ref name=CR1884/> An executive engineer informed the [[British Raj|British government in India]] that it would be an "eye-sore" and in visual obstruction of the bridge, resulting in a two-year delay in construction.<ref name=CR1884/><ref name=AA1983>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIFMAAAAYAAJ&q=Bathing+Gha |title=Annals of the Architectural Association School of Architecture |date=1983 |publisher=Architectural Association |language=en |page=20 |access-date=2023-03-09 |archive-date=2023-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317061512/https://books.google.com/books?id=dIFMAAAAYAAJ&q=Bathing+Gha |url-status=live }}</ref> Another similar ghat began construction further up the river, to be named after [[Kuar Lachman Singh]].<ref name=Sketches1884>{{cite book |last1=Growse |first1=F. S. |title=Bulandshahr: Or, Sketches of an Indian District: Social, Historical and Architectural |date=1884 |publisher=Medical Hall Press |location=Benares |url=https://archive.org/details/bulandshahrorsk00growgoog/page/n120/mode/2up |language=English|pages=66–79}}</ref>

==Structure==
The towers are made from stone brick and each have eight sides, with red sandstone panels set in frames of white stone.<ref name=AA1983/> Two panels display the names of those who made financial contributions to the building of the ghat; listed in order of amount donated.<ref name=Growse/> Opposite the ghat, further steps were built.<ref name=Growse/> The river serves as a boundary to the east of Bulandshahr, and the bridge receives the main roads entering the town, resulting in the towers forming a landmark site for approaching visitors.<ref name=AA1983/> Each tower is topped with [[eaves]] and [[Bracket (architecture)|brackets]] over a [[plinth]] that provides support to a dome-topped open [[kiosk]].<ref name=AA1983/> The height of each tower is {{cvt|52|ft}}; two are on land and two at the edge of the water.<ref name=AA1983/>

==Cost==
The total cost was {{INRConvert|16373|year=1878}}, of which {{INRConvert|3670|lk=on|year=1878}} was raised by the municipality; the rest was raised by the public.<ref name=AA1983/> [[John Lockwood Kipling]], [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s father, noted that Growse had ensured it was locally financed, built in adherence to traditional Indian practices, and was "untouched by European training".<ref name=AA1983/><ref name=Tarapor1980>{{cite journal |last1=Tarapor |first1=Mahrukh |title=John Lockwood Kipling and British Art Education in India |journal=Victorian Studies |date=1980 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=53–81 |jstor=3826879 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3826879 |issn=0042-5222 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215172148/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3826879 |url-status=live }}</ref> The most expensive part of construction was creating the deep wells for the tower foundations.<ref name=AA1983/>

An appendix in Growse's ''[[Bulandshahr; or, Sketches of an Indian district; social, historical and architectural]]'' (1884) displays the names of those that provided finances for the building of the ghat.<ref name=Growse/>

==Function==
Within a few years of construction, it had become a site for local festivals and displays of fireworks, particularly at [[Holi]].<ref name=AA1983/>

==Gallery (2023)==
<gallery>
File:Bulandshahr bathing ghat morning view.png|
File:Bulandshar bathing ghat with steps.tif
File:Bulandshahr bathing ghat and bridge over Kali Nadi.tif
File:Bulandhar bathing ghat and Kali Nadi river.tif
File:Bathing ghat, Bulandshahr, Growse.jpg|Inscription (Growse)
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Ghats of India]]
[[Category:Bulandshahr]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 1880s]]

Rakhwale

2026-03-19T16:12:17Z

Tijusacademyoet: reworked intro per standard format and added references for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rakhwale
| image = Rakhwale poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Sudharshan Lal
| producer = Kishan Meharchandani
| writer =
| starring = [[Dharmendra]] [[Mithun Chakraborty]] [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] [[Kader Khan]] [[Mukesh Khanna]] [[Alok Nath]]
| music = Sonik Omi
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|9|9}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Rakhwale''''' is a 1994 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]] directed by Sudharshan Lal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rakhwale (1994) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/rakhwale-7815/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216105735/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/rakhwale-7815/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=16 December 2021|access-date=2021-12-16|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> starring [[Dharmendra]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Raj Babbar]] in special appearances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rakhwale - Movie - Box Office India|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3075|access-date=2021-12-16|website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{No plot|date=April 2019}}

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Dharmendra]] as Ashok
*[[Mithun Chakraborty]] as Inspector Shankar
*[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] as Raj Sinha
*[[Raj Babbar]] as Vijay
*[[Kader Khan]] as Laat Saab
*[[Alok Nath]] as Satyanarayan
*[[Dara Singh]] as Shamsher Singh, CBI Officer
*[[Mukesh Khanna]] as CBI Officer Liyawat Hussian associate of Shamsher Singh
*[[Raza Murad]] as Big Boss Prithvi
*[[Sudhir Pandey]] as Deen Dayal
*[[Goga Kapoor]] as Prosecutor Randhir Singh
*[[Dev Kumar]] as Bhim Singh
*[[Rajesh Puri]] as Police Constable Satya
*[[Rakesh Bedi]] as Police Constable Ahimsa
*[[Firoz Irani]] as JK/ Laxmi Narayan
*Harsha Mehra as Kimmi
*Yogeeta Singh as Chandni
*Aatish Devgan as Jai Sharma
{{div col end}}

==Songs==
Music by Sonik Omi and lyrics written by Kulwant Jani.
#"Aise Mausam Me Deewani" - [[Alka Yagnik]]
#"Hum Bete Hindustan Ke" - [[Mohammed Aziz]]
#"I Love You I Love You" - Mohammed Aziz
#"Idhar Shikhari Udhar Shikari" - [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
#"Shahidho Ki Chithao Par" - Mohammed Aziz
#"Sohni Dekhi Sassi Dekhi" - [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Udit Narayan]]
#"Wo Din Na Rahe To" - Asha Bhosle

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2579176}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sonik-Omi]]
[[Category:1994 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Koel Mallick

2026-03-19T04:36:56Z

Tijusacademyoet:

{{Short description|Indian actress and politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Koel Mallick
| image = Koyel Mullick.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Koel Mallick in 2007
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 3 April 2026
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ritabrata Banerjee]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]]
| birth_name = Rukmini Mallick
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|04|28}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| nickname = Koel, Koel Mallick Singh
| father = [[Ranjit Mallick]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Nispal Singh]]|1 February 2013}}
| children = 2
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Politician}}
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]] (2026–present)
}}

'''Koel Mallick''' ({{audio|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-কোয়েল মল্লিক.wav|listen}}; born '''Rukmini Mallick''' on 28 April 1982<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{Cite news |date=4 September 2004 |title=Tollywood top girls on the go, at a glance |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |location=Calcutta, India |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040904/asp/calcutta/story_3713869.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041228135611/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040904/asp/calcutta/story_3713869.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2004 |access-date=8 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koel Mallick: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Koel-Mallick|access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003091554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Koel-Mallick |archive-date=3 October 2024 }}</ref>), known [[mononym]]ously as '''Koel''', is an Indian actress and politician known for her work primarily in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] films. Often referred to as the "Tolly-Queen",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosal |first=Sharmistha |date=2019-10-03 |title=Tolly queen Koel Mallick rocks the part in Puja release Mitin Mashi |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/2019/Oct/03/tolly-queen-koel-mallick-rocks-the-part-in-puja-release-mitin-mashi-18616.html |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Kushali |date=2014-05-23 |title=Koel the queen |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-the-queen/cid/180974 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=Koel Mallick tells t2 at a photo shoot at Studio 51, Brace Bridge, on a hot summer afternoon as she gears up for the release of Arundhati.}}</ref> she is the recipient numerous accolades, including a [[Filmfare Awards Bangla]], two [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA Awards]], and a [[Anandalok Puraskar]]. In 2023, she was honoured with the Mahanayak Samman by the [[Government of West Bengal]].

The daughter of [[Ranjit Mallick]], Koel made her acting debut with ''[[Nater Guru]]'' (2003), which was a box-office success. She rose to fame starring in commercially successful films ''[[Shubhodrishti]]'' (2005), [[Mon Mane Na (2008 film)|''Mon Mane Na'']] (2008), ''[[Premer Kahini]]'' (2008), ''[[100% Love (2012 film)|100% Love]]'' (2012) and [[Rangbaaz (2013 film)|''Rangbaaz'']] (2013). Starring roles in the top-grossing romances ''[[Paglu]]'' (2011) and ''[[Besh Korechi Prem Korechi]]'' (2015), established her as a leading star in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]]. Her performances in the family drama ''[[Bandhan (2004 film)|Bandhan]]'' (2004), the political thriller ''[[MLA Fatakeshto]]'' (2006), the drama ''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]'' (2010), the black comedy ''[[Hemlock Society (film)|Hemlock Society]]'' (2012), the thriller ''[[Mitin Mashi]]'' (2019) received critical acclaim.

In addition to acting in films, Koel is a social activist and noted for her work with widows and children. Koel has been married to the producer [[Nispal Singh]] since 2013, with whom she has two children.

== Early life and education ==
Mallick was born in [[Kolkata]] to [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] actor [[Ranjit Mallick]] and Deepa Mallick, of Kolkata's Mallick ''Bari'' of [[Bhowanipore]].<ref>{{Citation |title=The Half-Millennium Old Mallick Bari Durga Puja |url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/103410211-half-millenium-old-mullick-bari-durga-puja-wbri-kolkata-bonedi-barir-pujo-special |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017184619/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/103410211-half-millenium-old-mullick-bari-durga-puja-wbri-kolkata-bonedi-barir-pujo-special |url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mallick family came together for an adda just ahead of the Pujas |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/mallick-family-came-together-for-an-adda-just-ahead-of-the-pujas/cid/1889791 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> Mallick did her schooling at Modern High School for Girls, and completed a BSc (honors) in [[Psychology]] from the [[Gokhale Memorial Girls' College]], an affiliated college of the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=koel mallick biography |url=http://koelmallick.in/knowaboutkoel/|access-date=1 November 2016 |website=Koel Mallick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221210012/http://koelmallick.in/knowaboutkoel/ |archive-date=21 February 2019 }}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Film ===
Mallick's screen debut was in ''[[Nater Guru]]'' – opposite [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]. ''Nater Guru'' was a "runaway success" at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Aindrila |date=24 April 2004 |title=Koel's on a Tolly high with Nater Guru |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/44312101.cms |access-date=12 February 2010}}</ref> The film, released in 2003, marked Mallick's entry into [[Cinema of West Bengal|Tollywood]]. She also won her first award for Best Actor in a Leading Role Female at the 4th Tele Cine Awards (2004) for ''Nater Guru''. In the film, Mallick plays the role of a 23-year-old girl named Monica opposite Jeet. Since the release of ''Nater Guru'' the pair has worked together often, appearing in eleven films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2008 |title=10 Questions – Koel Mullick |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta, India |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080128/jsp/entertainment/story_8834303.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806115217/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080128/jsp/entertainment/story_8834303.jsp |archive-date=6 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Sankha |date=12 April 2021 |title=Koel Mallick has her say on remakes |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/koel-mallick-has-her-say-on-remakes/articleshow/82029745.cms}}</ref>

In 2004, she starred in ''[[Debipaksha]]'', ''[[Shudhu Tumi]]'', ''[[Badsha The King]]'' and ''[[Bandhan (2004 film)|Bandhan]]''. While the first two performed poorly{{clarify|date=February 2013}} at the box office, ''Bandhan'' was a huge success in Bengal and was a blockbuster at the box office. It was also the highest grossing Bengali film of 2004.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

In 2005, Mallick appeared in ''[[Shubhodrishti]]'', ''[[Manik (2005 film)|Manik]]'', ''[[Yuddho]]'' and ''[[Chore Chore Mastuto Bhai]]''. In 2005, Koel Mallick entered the Odia film industry for the first time. In her first Odia film, ''[[Premi No.1]]'', Mallick acted opposite [[Anubhav Mohanty]]. She appeared in ''Yuddho'' opposite [[Mithun Chakraborty]] and [[Debashree Roy]]. The film recorded an initial collection of {{INR}} 12 million (12 million) in its first week. In 2006, she took on a more serious role in ''[[MLA Fatakeshto]]'' in which she played a reporter. She also starred in the 2008 film [[Love (2008 Bengali film)|''Love'']], the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] remake of ''[[Love Story (1970 film)|Love Story]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nag |first=Kushali |date=3 October 2007 |title=A Tale of Tenderness |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta, India |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071003/asp/entertainment/story_8390846.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117101828/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071003/asp/entertainment/story_8390846.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 November 2007 |access-date=12 February 2010}}</ref>

=== Television ===
Mallick made her television debut with Zee Bangla's first Mahalaya in the year 2007 as ''Devi Mahisasuramardini'' and her various avatars. She also appeared in ''[[Didi No. 1]]'' in 2010 as a celebrity contestant. She also hosted her first talk-show ''Katha O Kahini''. The show went on to air on [[Star Jalsha]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nag |first=Kushali |date=29 April 2010 |title=Star talk |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta, India |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100429/jsp/entertainment/story_12391073.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504094656/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100429/jsp/entertainment/story_12391073.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2010 |access-date=29 August 2012}}</ref>

In 2013 Mallick appeared as a celebrity judge in the Bengali version of ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' along with Bollywood choreographer [[Remo D'Souza]]. The show aired on [[ETV Bangla]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nag |first=Kushali |date=11 February 2013 |title=Star talk |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta, India |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130211/jsp/entertainment/story_16547396.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212230428/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130211/jsp/entertainment/story_16547396.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref> She also starred in Dance Bangla Dance Junior as a Judge and in Season 11 as a celebrity judge. She was also seen in [[Zee Bangla]]'s various reality shows like ''[[Rannaghor]]'', ''[[Dadagiri Unlimited]]'', and ''[[Didi No. 1]]''.

Mallick and Jeet were also seen as a guests in the Star Jalsha serial ''Sansar Sukher Hoy Romonir Gune'' for the promotion of the movie ''100% Love''. Mallick has also appeared on the popular soap [[Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)|''Bojhena Se Bojhena'']] which is also aired on [[STAR Jalsha]].

== Brand endorsements ==
Mallick has endorsed a variety of multi-national brands and has done television commercials for [[TVS Motor Company]], glow & Lovely, [[Panasonic]], and [[Vaseline]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Roshni |date=7 April 2011 |title=Koel Mullick shoots for an electronic brand |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-07/news-interviews/29391914_1_koel-Mullick-endorsements-films |url-status=dead |access-date=28 August 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103173029/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-07/news-interviews/29391914_1_koel-Mullick-endorsements-films |archive-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>

== Political career ==
On 27 February 2026, Mallick was announced as the Trinamool Congress party candidate from West Bengal for the [[2026 Rajya Sabha elections]] to be held on 16 March.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ex-Bengal DGP, SC advocate, actor among 4 TMC nominees for RS polls |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/ex-bengal-dgp-sc-advocate-actor-among-4-tmc-nominees-for-rs-polls/3420691 |publisher=Press Trust of India |date=27 February 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Babul Supriyo, Ex-DGP Rajeev Kumar among 4 candidates named by TMC for Rajya Sabha polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/babul-supriyo-ex-dgp-rajeev-kumar-among-4-candidates-named-by-tmc-for-rajya-sabha-polls-101772209977260.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=27 February 2026 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Mallick married Nispal Singh (Rane) on 1 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2013 |title=আজ কোয়েলের বিয়ে |publisher=Prothom Alo |url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2013-02-01/news/325672 |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203060107/http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2013-02-01/news/325672 |archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> They had been in a relationship for seven years before that, but both of them had decided to keep their relationship away from the glamour world of Tollywood.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2012 |title=Feb wedding for Koel |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Calcutta, India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Feb-wedding-for-Koel/etarticleshow/15809914.cms |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212204145/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-27/news-interviews/33424255_1_nispal-singh-saat-paake-bandha-heroine |archive-date=12 December 2013}}</ref> On 1 February 2020 she announced on Instagram that she was expecting her first child. On 5 May 2020, Mallick gave birth to a boy. The couple named their son Kabir Singh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2021 |title=Koel-Nispal's son, Kabir, turns one today |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/koel-nispals-son-kabir-turns-one-today/articleshow/82403299.cms |access-date=9 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On 3 October she announced the news of her second pregnancy via social media. On 14 December 2024 she gave birth to a baby girl.

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"|
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

* ''All films are in Bengali unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Films
!Role(s)
!Language(s)
!Notes
|-
|2003
|''[[Nater Guru]]''
|Manisha Mukherjee
| rowspan="7" |[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|Debut film; based on [[Samaresh Basu]]'s novel of the same name; '''Winner''', Tele Cine Awards for Best Actress; '''Winner''', Kalakar Awards for Best Debudant Actress
|-
| rowspan="4" |2004
|''[[Badsha The King]]''
|Titli
|
|-
|''[[Bandhan (2004 film)|Bandhan]]''
|[[Dual role|Dual Roles]]; Meena and Reena Chowdhury
|
|-
|''[[Shudhu Tumi]]''
|Nandini aka Bubly
|
|-
|''[[Debipaksha]]''
|Jayanti
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2005
|''[[Manik (2005 film)|Manik]]''
|Riya Majumder
|
|-
|''[[Yuddho (2005 film)|Yuddho]]''
|Barsha
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Premi No. 1]]''
| rowspan="2" |Priti
|[[Odia language|Odia]]
| rowspan="2" |Bilingual film
|-
|Bengali
|-
|''[[Shubhodrishti (2005 film)|Shubhodrishti]]''
|Sonali
| rowspan="10" |Bengali
|Based on [[Jashwant Gangani]]'s [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] story; '''Winner''', Kalakar Awards for Best Rising Star; '''Winner''', [[Anandalok Puraskar]] for Best Upcoming Star
|-
|''[[Chore Chore Mastuto Bhai]]''
|Malati
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2006
|''[[Hero (2006 film)|Hero]]''
|Puja Sen
|
|-
|''[[Eri Naam Prem]]''
|Reena
|
|-
|''Ghatak''
|Puja
|
|-
|''[[Shikar (2006 film)|Shikar]]''
|Seema
|
|-
|''[[MLA Fatakeshto]]''
|Chaitali Roy
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2007
|''[[Nabab Nandini (film)|Nabab Nandini]]''
|Nandini
|
|-
|''[[Minister Fatakeshto]]''
|Chaitali Roy
|
|-
|''[[Chander Bari]]''
|Nandita Sanyal
|
|-
|Mahanayak
|priti
|odia
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2008
|''[[Premer Kahini]]''
|Barsha
| rowspan="39" |Bengali
|
|-
|''[[Mon Mane Na (2008 film)|Mon Mane Na]]''
|Riya Sen
|
|-
|''[[Chirosathi]]''
|Riya
|
|-
|''[[Love (2008 Bengali film)|Love]]''
|Riya
|Based on [[Erich Segal]]'s 1970 novel ''[[Love Story (novel)|Love Story]]''
|-
|''[[Bor Asbe Ekhuni]]''
|Mitil
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
|''[[Saat Paake Bandha]]''
|Pallabi Sanyal
|
|-
|''[[Jackpot (2009 film)|Jackpot]]''
|Piu
|
|-
|''[[Neel Akasher Chadni]]''
|Chandni
|
|-
|''[[Hitlist (2009 film)|Hitlist]]''
|Anindita
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2010
|''[[Bolo Na Tumi Aamar]]''
|Dr. Madhurima Chatterjee
|
|-
|''Prem By Chance''
|Annapurna
|
|-
|''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]''
|Dr. Nandini Sen
|Inspired from ''[[The Motorcycle Diaries (film)|Motorcycle Diaries]]'' (2004)
|-
|''Mon Je Kore Uru Uru''
|Diya
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Paglu]]''
|Rimi Sen
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2012
|''[[100% Love (2012 film)|100% Love]]''
|Anuradha Sen
|
|-
|''[[Jaaneman (2012 film)|Jaaneman]]''
|Riya
|
|-
|''[[Hemlock Society (film)|Hemlock Society]]''
|Meghna
|
|-
|''[[Paglu 2]]''
|Riya
|
|-
|''Dawshomi''
|Tuli
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Rangbaaz (2013 film)|Rangbaaz]]''
|Madhurima
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|''[[Arundhati (2014 film)|Arundhati]]''
|Dual roles; Rani Arundhati and Mishti
|
|-
|''[[Chaar (film)|Chaar]]''
|Monika Nandi
|Anthology film
|-
|''[[Highway (2014 Bengali film)|Highway]]''
|Sohini Dasgupta
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|''[[Herogiri]]''
|Maria
|
|-
|Bangal Ghoti Fatafati
|Jayanti
|
|-
|''[[Besh Korechi Prem Korechi]]''
|Rai Roy
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Chaya O Chobi]]''
|Rai
|
|-
|''[[Cockpit (2017 film)|Cockpit]]''
|Riya
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Ghare & Baire]]''
|Labanya
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|''[[Shesh Theke Shuru]]''
|Pujarini
|Based on the 2005 [[English language|English]] novel ''Water & Fire''
|-
|''[[Mitin Mashi]]''
|[[Mitin Masi|Pragyaparamita Mukherjee alias Mitin Mashi]]
|Based on [[Suchitra Bhattacharya]]'s story ''Haatey Matro Tintey Din''
|-
|''[[Sagardwipey Jawker Dhan]]''
|Dr. Ruby Chatterjee
|Sequel to ''[[Jawker Dhan]]'' (2017)
|-
|2020
|''[[Rawkto Rawhoshyo]]''
|Swarnaja
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Flyover (film)|Flyover]]''
|Bidisha
|
|-
|''[[Bony (film)|Bony]]''
|Pratibha Mukherjee
|Based on [[Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]]'s novel of the same name
|-
|2023
|''Jongole Mitin Mashi''
|Pragyaparamita Mukherjee alias Mitin Mashi
|Sequel to ''Mitin Mashi'' (2019); based on Suchitra Bhattacharya's novel ''Saranday Shoytan''
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
| ''[[Sonar Kellay Jawker Dhan]]''
|Dr. Ruby Chatterjee
|
|-
| ''[[Sharthopor (film)|Sharthopor]]''
| Aparna Ghoshal
|
|-

| ''Mitin: Ekti Khunir Sandhaney''
|Pragyaparamita Mukherjee alias Mitin Mashi
|Third instalment of the Mitin Mashi franchise
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Serial !! Character !! Channel
|-
| 2011|| |Sansar Sukher Hoy Romonir Gune || Guest Appearance || [[Star Jalsha]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
|[[Dadagiri Unlimited|''Dadagiri Unlimited'']] ''Season 4''
|Guest Appearance for Promoting [[Rangbaaz (2013 film)|''Rangbaaz'']]; with [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]]
|[[Zee Bangla]]
|-
| ''[[ETV Bangla|Jhalak Dikla Jaa]]'' || Judge || [[ETV Bangla]]
|-
| ''[[Didi No. 1|Didi No.1 Season 4]]'' || Guest || Zee Bangla
|-
| 2014|| ''[[Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)|Bojhena Se Bojhena]]'' || Guest Appearance for Promoting [[Arundhati (2014 film)|''Arundhati'']]|| Star Jalsha
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Dance Bangla Dance]] Season 10'' || Guest-Judge || Zee Bangla
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Didi No. 1|Didi No 1 Season 7]]'' || Guest || Zee Bangla
|-
| 2020 || ''Super Singer Grand Finale'' || Guest-Judge || Star Jalsha
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Dance Bangla Dance]] Season 11'' || Guest-Judge || Zee Bangla<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2021 |title=Dance Bangla Dance: Koel Mallick, Govinda and Jeet to set the stage on fire |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/film-actress-koel-mallick-to-appear-on-dance-bangla-dance/articleshow/85391577.cms}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards Season 8'' || Special guest|| Star Jalsha
|-
| 2026 || ''Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards Season 9'' || Special guest|| Star Jalsha
|-
|}

=== Mahalaya ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Mahalaya Title !! Character !! Channel !! Ref.
|-
| 10 October 2007||''[[Zee Bangla#Mahalaya|Mahishasurmardini]]''|| Devi Mahishasurmardini and her various avatars || [[Zee Bangla]] ||
|-
| 27 September 2011 ||''[[Star Jalsha#Mahalaya|Durga Durgatinashini]]''|| Devi Mahishasurmardini || [[Star Jalsha]] ||
|-
| 12 October 2015 ||''[[Zee Bangla#Mahalaya|Mahishasurmardini Nabarupe Nabadurga]]''|| Devi Sati, Devi Mahishasurmardini and her 9 avatars (Devi Shailaputri, Devi Brahmacharini, Devi Chandraghanta, Devi Kushmanda, Devi Skandamata, Devi Katyayani, Devi Kaalratri, Devi Mahagauri, Devi Siddhidatri) || Zee Bangla || {{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
|-
| 6 October 2021 ||''[[Colors Bangla#Mahalaya|Nabarupe Mahadurga]]{{Broken anchor|date=2 August 2024|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Colors Bangla#Mahalaya|reason= The anchor (Mahalaya) [[Special:Diff/1237829040|has been deleted]].}}''|| Devi Parvati, Devi Mahamaya, Devi Uma, & Devi Mahadurga/Mahishasurmardini || [[Colors Bangla]] || <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2021 |title=Koel Mallick as Devi Durga: মহিষাসুর বধ করবেন কোয়েল! দেখুন দেবী দুর্গা রূপে নায়িকার PHOTOS |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/photo/koel-mallick-perform-devi-durga-year-mahalaya-2021-mahishasurmardini-colors-bangla-channel-program-nabarupe-mahadurga-see-pictures-and-details-durga-puja-2021-soc-295587-2021-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2021 |title=COLORS Bangla Brin30gs In Mahalaya Through Nabarupe Mahadurga |url=https://www.adgully.com/colors-bangla-brings-in-mahalaya-through-nabarupe-mahadurga-109327.html}}</ref>
|-
| 14 October 2023 ||''[[Star Jalsha#Mahalaya|Ya Devi Sarvabhuteshu]]''|| Devi Parvati, Devi Sati and Devi Mahishasurmardini || Star Jalsha ||
|-
| 2 October 2024 ||''[[Star Jalsha#Mahalaya|Ranong Dehi]]''|| Bhairavi Maa, & Devi Mahishasurmardini || Star Jalsha ||
|-
| 21 September 2025||''[[Star Jalsha#Mahalaya|Matrirupeno Sanosthita]]''|| Devi Mahamaya, Devi Parvati & Devi Mahishasurmardini ||Star Jalsha ||
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Character !! Film/TV show
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004
|Kalakar Awards
| Best Debudant Actress
| Manisha
|''[[Nater Guru]]''<ref name="Kalakar award winners" />
|-
|Tele Cine Awards
| Best Actress
| Manisha
|''[[Nater Guru]]'' <ref>{{Cite news |title=Small screen appearance |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/koel-mallick-interesting-facts-about-the-barbie-doll-of-bengali-cinema/small-screen-appearance/photostory/64121208.cms |access-date=9 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA Awards]]
|[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Most Promising Actress Award|Most Promising Actress]]
| Manisha
|''[[Nater Guru]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005
|Kalakar Awards
| Best Rising Star
| Sonali
|''[[Shubhodrishti]]''<ref name="Kalakar award winners">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2006 |title=Kalakar award winners |url=http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155216/http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=22 September 2019 |publisher=Kalakar website}}</ref>
|-
|Anandalok Awards
| Best Upcoming Star
| Sonali
|''[[Shubhodrishti]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010
|[[Zee Bangla|Zee Bangla Gourav Samman Award]]
| Best Actress
| Madhurima
|''[[Bolo Na Tumi Aamar]]''
|-
|Star Jalsa Entertainment Award
| Best Actress
| Nandini
|''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]''
|-
|Star Jalsa Entertainment Award
| Best Actress
| Madhurima
|''[[Bolo Na Tumi Aamar]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
|Star Jalsa Entertainment Award
| Best Actress
| Nandini
|''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]''
|-
|[[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA Awards]]
|Best Actress Critics
|Nandini
|''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]''
|-
| 2012
|[[Zee Bangla|Zee Bangla Gourav Samman Award]]
| Best Actress
| Meghna
|''[[Hemlock Society (film)|Hemlock Society]]''
|-
| 2013
|[[BFJA Awards]]
| Best Actress
| Meghna
|''[[Hemlock Society (film)|Hemlock Society]]''
|-
| 2014
|Star Jalsa Entertainment Award
| Best Actress
| Arundhuri
|''[[Arundhati (2014 film)]]''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2019
|Films and Frames Digital Film Awards
| Best Actress Critics
| Mitin Mashi
|''[[Mitin Mashi]]''
|-
|Zee 24 Ghanta Swayang-Shiddha Awards
|
|
|
|-
|The Telegraph SHE Awards
|
|
|
|-
|[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|WBFJA Awards]]
|[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Most Popular Actor|Most Popular Actor]]
|Labanya
|''[[Ghare & Baire]]''
|-
|2020
|[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|WBFJA Awards]]
|[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Most Popular Actor|Most Popular Actor]]
|Mitin Mashi
|''[[Mitin Mashi]]''
|-
| 2022
|Anandalok Impact Award
|
|
|<ref name="Anandalok Puraskar">{{Cite web |title=Memorable moments from Anandalok Puraskar 2022 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/events/memorable-moments-from-anandalok-puraskar-2022/cid/1866732}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
|Mahanayok Samman
|
|
|<ref name="Mahanayak Award">{{Cite web |title=Mahanayak Award: কোয়েল, শুভশ্রী, শ্রাবন্তীকে 'মহানায়ক' সম্মান, শিল্পীদের হাতে পুরস্কার তুলে দিলেন মুখ্যমন্ত্রী |date=24 July 2023 |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/mahanayak-award-koel-mallick-subhasree-chakraborty-ankush-hazra-got-mahanayak-award-from-mamata-banerjee-know-in-details-995693}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024
|Star Jalsa Parivar Award
| Best Entertainment Show
| Goddess Sati, Parvati and Mahisasurmardini
| Ya Devi Sarvabhuteshu
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards Bangla]]
| Best Director
| Director
| Ardhangini
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|Star Jalsa Parivar Award
| Best Entertainment Show
| Goddess Mahamaya and Mahisasurmardini
| Ranong Dehi
|-
|Joy Filmfare Glamour and Style Awards Bengal
| Most Glamorous Star (Female)
| Herself
|
|-
| TV 9 Bangla Ghorer Bioscope Award
| Best Actress in a Leading Role
| Mitin Mashi
| Jongole Mitin Mashi
|-
|2026
|Zee 24 Ghanta Binodoner Sera 24
| Best Actor-Female
| Aparna
| [[Sharthopor]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons-inline}}
* {{IMDb name|3359800}}
* {{Twitter|YourKoel}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallick, Koel}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]
[[Category:Bengali television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Odia cinema]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Kalakar Awards winners]]
[[Category:Gokhale Memorial Girls' College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]

Anil Rastogi

2026-03-17T14:45:11Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting a pg...

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Anil Rastogi
| image =
| caption = Anil Rastogi
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| occupation = Theatre, film and television actor, scientist
| education =
| awards = Padma Shri (2026)
}}

'''Anil Rastogi''' is an Indian theatre, television and film actor. He is known for his roles in ''[[Udaan (1989 TV series)|Udaan]]'', ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' and ''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha 2|Na Bole Tum Naa Maine Kuch Kaha]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050911/cth2.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Chandigarh Stories|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=2016-07-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/the-quality-of-contemporary-tv-content-needs-to-improve-anil-rastogi-1006730.html|title=The quality of contemporary TV content needs to improve: Anil Rastogi|last=|first=|date=2015-06-16|website=News 18|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-11}}</ref>

He has over 1000 theatre performances and was a former scientist of the [[Central Drug Research Institute]] (CDRI), [[Lucknow]].<ref name=":0" /> He also received Kavishala Lifetime Achievement Award - 2025.

== Early life ==
He was born in Lucknow and completed his schooling from the city, after which he attended [[University of Lucknow|Lucknow University]] for graduate and post-graduate studies.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/pehle-aap/anil-rastogi-speaks-about-his-relation-with-the-city/articleshow/22413051.cms|title=Anil Rastogi speaks about his relation with the city - 'लखनऊ मेरा शहर नहीं मेरे घर का आंगन है'|last=|first=|date=|website=Navbharat Times|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-11}}</ref> He joined CDRI in 1962 as Junior Research Fellow and retired from the Institute as Head of Biochemistry and Directors Grade Scientist in 2003.<ref name=":2" /> His doctorate degree is in microbiology.<ref name=":0" />

He is Fellow of National Academy of Sciences of India. He started working in theatre in 1962 and has done more than 1000 shows of 98 plays in Hindi (original or adapted from different Indian or foreign languages) all over the country. He has been secretary/ general secretary of one of the oldest amateur theatre group of India Darpan for more than 46 years.

In 2026, Anil Rastogi was awarded the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian honour, for his contribution to theatre, cinema and cultural arts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Ishaqzaade actor Anil Rastogi on Padma Shri — science helped my art |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-ishaqzaade-actor-anil-rastogi-on-padma-shri-science-helped-my-art-award-gives-me-fuel-to-work-harder-101769355266317.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=2026 |access-date=}}</ref>

== Career ==

Anil Rastogi did several plays across the nation. He worked with eminent theatre directors like late Rajeshwar Bachchan, late Ravi Baswani, Late Raj Bisaria, late BV Karanth, late Bansi Kaul, Ajay Kartik, late Urmil Km Thapliyal, late Dina Nath, Ranjit Kapoor, Surya Mohan Kulshreshtha and others. His main works in theatre, Television and Films are as follows:

=== Plays ===
(Around 1000 shows of 98 plays)
* ''Panchhi Jaa, Panchhi Aa'' (directed by Dina Nath)as Pawan ( more than 400 shows all over the country )
* ''Rustam Sohrab'' as Rustam
* ''Taj Mahal Ka Tender'' as Shah Jahan
* ''Yehoodi Ki Ladki'' as Yehoodi
*'' A View From the Bridge ''as Eddi
*''Fando and Lis '' as Fando
*''Vibhaas (The Old world)'' as Protagonist Doctor ( 1999, 2025)
*''Kanya Daan'' as father
*'' Bare Foot in Athens'' as Lycon
*'' Harischannar Ki Ladai'' as Commissioner
*'' Kamla'' as journalist friend
*'' Tum'' as Father of Protagonist
*''Sakharam Binder'' as Sakharam
*''Balram Ki Tirtha Yatra'' as Balram
*'' Mitra'' As Protagonist
* Lighter on The Lips as Mafia Don ( 2024 )
* "Akhiri Vasant" as Protagonist ( 2022 )
* "Swaha" as Protagonist and many others ( 2023 )
* Katha Shivpal Ganj Ki as Vaid Ji ( 2025 )

=== Television ===
(More than 500 shows of various serials)
* ''[[Udaan (1989 TV series)|Udaan]]'' (1989) as SSP Bashir Ahmed<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
* ''Biwi Naatiyon Wali''<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Samvidhaan]]'' (2014) as Calcutta Member of Parliament, N. Ahmed<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/Lucknow-64024-124|title=शहर के रंगकर्मी लिखेंगे टीवी का नया 'संविधान'- Amarujala|language=hi-IN|access-date=2016-07-11}}</ref>
* ''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha 2|Na Bole Tum Naa Maine Kuch Kaha]]'' (season 2) as Purushottam Singh Tilakdhari<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Veteran-actor-Anil-Rastogi-bags-a-role-in-Na-Bole-Tum-/articleshow/18447980.cms|title=Veteran actor Anil Rastogi bags a role in 'Na Bole Tum...' - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=2016-07-11|last1=Chandra |first1=Anjali }}</ref> (2013)
* ''[[Razia Sultan (TV series)|Razia Sultan]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Veteran-actor-Dr-Anil-Rastogi-from-Ishaqzaade-in-TVs-Razia-Sultan/articleshow/46340316.cms|title=Veteran actor Dr. Anil Rastogi from Ishaqzaade in &TV's Razia Sultan - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=2016-07-11}}</ref> (2015)
* ''Dariba Diaries'' (2014-2015) as Imam
OTTs ( Thirteen OTTs )
* ''[[Aashram]]'' (2020) Webseries as Sunder Lal ( Season 1,2,3 and part 2 of Season 3 )
* ''[[Shiksha Mandal]]'' (2022) Webseries as Umesh Mahajan
* " Bindia " as Judge ( 2023 )
* " Taali " as judge ( 2023 )
* " Rohtak Sisters " as father of Protagonist (2022)
* " Viruddha " as Politician ( 2024 )
* " Grahan " as Important witness of '84 riots ( 2022 )
* Raktanchal 2 " as politician uncle of protagonist ( 2022 )
*" The Suitable Boy' as Jeweller ( 2022)

=== Films ===
(More than 70 films to date)
* " Ye Vo Manzil To Nahin " as a pro British Officer ( 1984 )
* " Mareechikaa " as Father of Protagonist ( 1988 )
* " Khoon Baha Ganga Men " as Thakur ( 1988)
* " Samarpan ( A short Film ) as Dacoit ) ( 1989 )
* " Sambandh ( A short film on environment, won National Award ) (1990 )
* ''[[Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh]]'' (2005)
* "Bikru Kanpur Gangster" as Mentor of Protagonist (2024)
* ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' (2012) as Daddu (Parma's grandfather)<ref name=":3" />
* ''[[Gaalib]]'' (2020) as Bashir Ahmad
* " Z+ (2017) as Chief Minister of Rajsthan
* ''[[Thapppad]]'' (2020) as Justice Jaisingh, Netra's father-in-law
* ''[[Guddu Rangeela]]'' (2015) as Minister
* ''[[Raid (2018 film)|Raid]]'' (2018) as Finance Minister
* ''[[Mulk (film)]]'' (2018) as Sonkar, Murad Ali's friends
* [[Nakkash]] (2019) as Politician
* Hotel Salvation(Mukti Bhawan) (2017) as Manager of Mukti Bhawan
* ''[[Raag Desh]]'' (2017) as Kailash Nath Katju
*''[[Baraat Company]]'' (2017) as father of Protagonist
*''[[Batla House]]'' (2019) as Shivraj Patil
*''[[The Accidental Prime Minister (film)]]'' (2019) as Shivraj Patil
*''[[Chintoo Ji]]'' (2009) as Pundit Jee
*''[[Short film Aathwan]]'' (2017) in lead role of a Dementia patient
* ''[[Sitapur The City Of Gangster]]'' (2021)
* ''Ittu See Baat'' (2021)
* ''[[Bhavai (film)|Bhavai]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Alingan]]'' (2022)
* " Lakeeren, The untold story " as Mentor of main Counsel " ( 2023 )
* " Deen Dayal Upadhyaay " as Uncle of Protagonist ( 2020 )
* " Seher " as Principal of a degree college ( 2022 )
* " Tauba Tera Jalwa " as Jailor ( 2023 )
* " Godaan " as Villain ( 2023 )
* " Acting Ka Bhoot " As father of protagonist ( 2023 )
* " Kataan " as Judge ( 2023 )
* " Rae Bareilley " As Politician ( 2023 )
* " Sub Way " as politician ( 2023 )
* " Love is Blind " Politician ( 2023 )
* ' " Mission Rani Ganj " as father of Miner ( 2024 )
* " Bengaal 1947 " as father of Protagonist ( 2024 )
* " Mahadeo Ka Gorakhpur " as a Retired IAS officer ( 2024 )
* ''Mohe Pyar Ke Rang Men Rang Sajna'' (2024), a Bhojpuri Film
* Dulhania Le Aayegi ( 2025 ) as Doctor friend of father of protagonist
* Bolo Har Har Shambhoo ( 2025 ) A Kashmiri pundit who migrated first from Pakistan and then from Kashmir

;TV Commercials ( 24 )
*'' KBC Promo Yahan Paise Hi Nahin Dil Bhi Jeete Jate Hain ''(2015)
*''Kala Hit Kone men Jhadu ke itne paise'' (2018–20)
*''Hero Motor Bike''( 2014)
* Symphoni Fan (2016)
* Gold Medal Electricals
* Finolex Pipes
* Shekhar Multi Speciality Hospital
* Ikon Steel

=== Main Awards (National and State Awards) ===

*'' National [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] ''Highest award of country in Acting (2023)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Janaki |first1=S. |title=Sangeet Natak Akademi awards mark a milestone in artistes’ lives |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/sangeet-natak-akademi-awards-mark-milestones-in-artistes-lives/article67942264.ece |access-date=8 July 2025 |publisher=the Hindu |date=14 March 2024}}</ref>
* [[Kalidas Samman]], Highest Award in Theatre of Government of Madhya Pradesh
*'' [[Yash Bharti]]'' ( Highest Award of Uttar Pradesh Government (2017)
*''UP [[Sangeet Natak Academy]] Fellow'' (2008)
* " National Academy Of Sciences of India Fellow ( 1999 )
*'' UP [[sangeet Natak Academy]] Award ''(1984)
* DD UP Life Time Achievement Award ( 2024 )
* UP Urdu Academy Bharat Ratan Atal Urdu Samman ( 2024 )

=== Other Awards ===
* Pataliputra Life Time Achievement Award of Prangan Patna ( 2024 )
* " Canmass Life Time Achievement Award Paradeep ( 2024 )
* " Life Time Achievement Award of Society of Laryngologists of India ( 2024 )
* " Justice SC Verma Memorial Award 2024 by Kalaakaar Association ( 2024 )
* " Late Raju Srivastava Memorial Award by Awadhi Vikaas Sansthaan ( 2023 )
* " Life Time Achievement Award for Film Acting by Rashtriy Manav Adhikaar Suraksha Parishad ( 2023 )
* " Zindagi Award by News Time Nation ( 2023 )
* " Golden Personality of India Award by Sarthak welfare Society ( 2023 )
* " Bharat Gaurav Samman " by World Human Rights Council ( 2023 )
* " Bharatmuni Rang Bharty Samman " by Rang Bharty ( 2023 )
' " Award e Tiranga Samman " by Alliance and Social Cultural Society ( 2023 )
* " Udaan Lata Mangeshkar Samman " by Udaan Nritya Samiti ( 2023 ) and several others

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{YouTube|title=Anil Rastogi from Ishaqzaade in &TV’s Razia Sultan|id=SOGyFlASJ7U}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rastogi, Anil}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]

Chandrashekhar Singh

2026-03-10T06:31:26Z

Tijusacademyoet: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{For|the Prime Minister of India|Chandra Shekhar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chandrashekhar Singh
| image = Chandra-Shekhar-Singh.jpg
| caption = Chandrashekhar Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1927|8|17}}
| birth_place = [[Jamui]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age |df=yes|1986|7|9|1927|8|17}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| office = 16th [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]
| term_start = 14 August 1983
| term_end = 12 March 1985
| predecessor = [[Jagannath Mishra]]
| successor = [[Bindeshwari Dubey]]
| office1 = Union Minister of State - Petroleum
| term_start1 = 1985
| term_end1 = 9 July 1986
| 1blankname1 = [[Prime Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children = 3
| nationality = [[India]]n
| footnotes =
| date =
}}
'''Chandrashekhar Singh''' (17 August 1927 – 9 July 1986) was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] and served as the 16th [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] from August 1983 to March 1985.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cm.bih.nic.in/formercm-bihar.htm |title=Chief Minister, Bihar |publisher=Chief Minister's Secretariat |accessdate=2011-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319084817/http://cm.bih.nic.in/formercm-bihar.htm# |archive-date=19 March 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He also held a number of Union State Minister positions in the Ministry of Prime Ministers [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. He was elected to [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar Vidhan Sabha]] four times, and also to the Parliament a few times. He was also the first minister for [[Ministry of Textiles]].

He last held the position of Union Minister of Petroleum, during which he died due to cancer.

He was elected to the Bihar Vidhan Sabha in 1952, 1957 and 1969 from [[Jhajha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]. He lost from Jhajha (झाझा) in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html|title=Bihar Assembly Election Results in 1962}}</ref> He was elected to Vidhan Sabha from Chakai (चकाई) in 1972. He was also related to [[Rajput]] stalwart [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]]. In 1980, he won the parliamentary elections with an overwhelming majority from [[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. In 1983, he was handpicked by [[Indira Gandhi]] to become the [[Chief Minister]] of [[Bihar]]. After the 1985 elections, he was asked by Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] to return to [[Government of India]] as Union Minister of Petroleum. He won a by-poll for Banka Lok Sabha seat in 1985. After his death in 1986, his widow Manorama Singh won the by-poll necessitated by his death. He was elected to the [[Parliament of India]] a total of 5 times.<ref>{{Cite web | title=MEMBERS OF LOK SABHA | url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/comb/combexpr.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041228042002/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in:80/ls/comb/combexpr.htm | access-date=2024-12-27 | archive-date=2004-12-28}}</ref>

A museum has also been opened in Jamui in Bihar in his name.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jamui.bih.nic.in/districtProfile/jamuiHistory.html |title=Jamui History |access-date=18 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317034746/http://www.jamui.bih.nic.in/districtProfile/jamuiHistory.html |archive-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was established in 1983 by the state government to preserve the antiquities of the surrounding areas.

== Political career ==

He was a grassroots congressman, being connected to all workers at village level.<ref name="Chandrashekhar Reference1">{{cite news |last1=Farzand |first1=Ahmed |title=I mean business: Bihar CM Chandrashekhar Singh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19830915-i-mean-business-bihar-cm-chandrashekhar-singh-771003-2013-07-16 |access-date=23 February 2021 |publisher=India Today |date=15 September 1983 |language=en}}</ref> He also served the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party at all levels from village to state level. He got elected to state assembly for first time in year 1952 when he was just 25 years.<ref name="Chandrashekhar Reference1" /> He got reelected again in the year 1957. After taking break for few years he contested elections and re-entered assembly in year 1969 and remained member till 1977. Though he contested Lok Sabha elections in 1977 as congressman, due to Janata wave he couldn't make it. However he got elected in 1980 defeating Madhu Limaye from Banka seat. He also acted in administrative capacity and became parliament secretary. He was later inducted into cabinet for various ministries such as Revenue, Industry, Minor Irrigation, Law and Public works. In 1983 Cabinet reshuffle he was made Minister of State for Energy.

== Freedom movement ==

Chandrashekhar Singh was a part of the famous Young Turks of Bihar Congress during the independence movement along with [[Bindeshwari Dubey]], [[Bhagwat Jha Azad]], [[Abdul Ghafoor (politician, born 1918)|Abdul Gafoor]], [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]], [[Kedar Pandey]] all future chief ministers and [[Sitaram Kesri]], future national president of Indian National Congress.

== Personal background ==

He held a postgraduate degree in economics.<ref name="Chandrashekhar Reference1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chief Ministers of Bihar}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Chandrashekhar}}
[[Category:Chief ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:People from Jamui district]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]

Integrated Child Development Services

2026-03-10T04:07:19Z

Tijusacademyoet: adding article.

{{Short description|Indian government program}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox project
| country = India
| launched = {{Start date and age|1975|10|02|df=y}}
| website = {{URL|https://icds.gov.in/en}}
}}
'''Integrated Child Development Services''' ('''ICDS''') is a government program in India which provides nutritional meals, [[preschool]] education, [[primary healthcare]], immunization, health check-up and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers.<ref name=ICDS>{{Cite web |url=https://icds-wcd.nic.in/icds.aspx |title=INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME |publisher=Government of India|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> The scheme was launched in 1975, discontinued in 1978 by the government of [[Morarji Desai]], and then reinstated by the [[Charan Singh]] soon after with support of the [[Indira Gandhi]] opposition.

The Tenth [[Five-Year Plans of India|five-year plan]] also linked ICDS to ''[[Anganwadi]]'' centres established mainly in rural areas and staffed with frontline workers.<ref name="Improving Child Nutrition?">{{cite journal | access-date=11 February 2015 | url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPUBSERV/Resources/477250-1187034401048/dasgupta.pdf | title=Improving Child Nutrition? The Integrated Child Development Services in India |year=2005 |author1=Michael Lokshin |author2=Monica Das Gupta |author3=Michele Gragnolati andOleksiy Ivaschenko | journal=[[Development and Change]] | volume=36 | issue=4 | pages=613–640| doi=10.1111/j.0012-155X.2005.00427.x }}</ref> In addition to improving [[child nutrition]] and immunization, the programme is also intended to combat [[gender inequality]] by providing girls the same resources as boys.

A 2005 study found that the ICDS programme was not particularly effective in reducing malnutrition, largely because of implementation problems and because the poorest states had received the least coverage and funding.<ref name="Improving Child Nutrition?" /> During the 2018–19 [[fiscal year]], the Indian federal government allocated {{INRConvert|16335|c}} to the programme, which is 60% of the funding for the programme while the states allocated the remaining 40%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accountabilityindia.in/budget/briefs/download/1812|title=Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)|access-date=18 February 2019|archive-date=19 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015641/https://www.accountabilityindia.in/budget/briefs/download/1812}}</ref> The widespread network of ICDS has an important role in combating malnutrition especially for children of weaker groups.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Has the ICDS helped reduce stunting in India?|url = http://www.ideasforindia.in/article.aspx?article_id=1513|website = ideasforindia.in|access-date = 9 October 2015|archive-date = 20 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151020135733/http://www.ideasforindia.in/article.aspx?article_id=1513}}</ref>

==Background==
The [[infant mortality rate]] of Indian children is 3.4%<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://niti.gov.in/content/infant-mortality-rate-imr-1000-live-births|title=Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) (per 1000 live births) {{!}} NITI Aayog, (National Institution for Transforming India), Government of India|website=niti.gov.in|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> and the under-five mortality rate is 3.9%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaspend.com/indias-under-5-mortality-now-matches-global-average-but-bangladesh-nepal-do-better/|title=India's Under-5 Mortality Now Matches Global Average, But Bangladesh, Nepal Do Better|date=20 September 2018|website=IndiaSpend|language=en-US|access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> and 25% of newborn children are underweight among other nutritional, immunization and educational deficiencies of children in India. Figures for India are below the standards of the developed world.<ref name=unicef2/>

ICDS was launched in 1975<ref name="ICDS" /> in accordance to the [[National Policy for Children]] in India.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kapil U | title = Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme: a program for holistic development of children in India | journal = Indian Journal of Pediatrics | volume = 69 | issue = 7 | pages = 597–601 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12173700 | doi = 10.1007/bf02722688 | s2cid = 37879920 }}</ref> Over the years it has grown into one of the largest integrated family and community welfare schemes in the world.<ref name=unicef2>{{cite web|title=UNICEF - Respecting the rights of the Indian child|url=http://www.unicef.org/sowc01/panels/panel7.htm|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=22 March 2011}}</ref> Given its effectiveness over the last few decades, Government of India has committed towards ensuring universal availability of the programme.<ref name=unicef3>{{cite web| vauthors = Dhar A |title=Infant mortality rate shows decline|url=http://www.thehindu.com/health/policy-and-issues/article1130983.ece|date=27 January 2011|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025080827/http://www.thehindu.com/health/policy-and-issues/article1130983.ece|archive-date=25 October 2012}}</ref>

==Scope of services==
The following services are sponsored under ICDS to help achieve its objectives:<ref name=Unicef/>
# Supplementary nutrition
# Nutrition and Health Education
# Immunisation
# Health checkup
# Referral services
# Pre-school education(Non-Formal)
# Contraceptive counselling for adolescents

==Implementation==
For nutritional purposes ICDS provides 500 kilocalories (with 12–15 grams of [[protein]]) every day to every child from 6 months to 6 years of age.<ref name=scc>{{cite web|title=Supreme Court Commissioners|url=http://www.sccommissioners.org/schemes/icds|publisher=sccommissioners.org|access-date=22 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813083519/http://www.sccommissioners.org/schemes/icds|archive-date=13 August 2009}}</ref> For adolescent girls in the age group of 10 to 19, 6 kilograms of food grain is given every months.{{cn|date=July 2023}}

The services of Immunisation, Health Check-up and Referral Services delivered through Public Health Infrastructure under the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]].<ref name=ICDS /> [[UNICEF]] has provided essential supplies for the ICDS scheme since 1975.<ref name="Unicef" /> [[World Bank]] has also assisted with the financial and technical support for the programme.<ref name="unicef3" /> The cost of ICDS programme averages $10–$22 per child a year.<ref name="unicef3" /> The scheme is Centrally sponsored with the state governments contributing up to {{INRConvert|1.00}} per day per child.<ref name="scc" />

Furthermore, in 2008, the [[Government of India|GOI]] adopted the [[World Health Organization]] standards for measuring and monitoring the child growth and development, both for the ICDS and the [[National Rural Health Mission]] (NRHM).<ref name=ICDS /> These standards were developed by WHO through an intensive study of six developing countries since 1997.<ref name=ICDS /> They are known as New WHO Child Growth Standard and measure of physical growth, nutritional status and motor development of children from birth to 5 years age.<ref name="who">{{cite web|title=The WHO Child Growth Standards|url=https://www.who.int/childgrowth/en/|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=22 March 2011}}</ref>

==Challenges==
Despite increasing funding over the past three decades, the ICDS fell short of its stated objectives and still faces a number of challenges. Also, though it has widespread coverage, operational gaps mean that service delivery is not consistent in quality and quantity across the country.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 March 2018|title=Early childhood development and nutrition in India|url=https://www.opml.co.uk/projects/early-childhood-development-nutrition-india|access-date=11 June 2020|website=Oxford Policy Management|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Impact==
By end of 2010, the programme is claiming to reach 80.6 lakh expectant and lactating mothers along with 3.93 crore children (under 6 years of age).<ref name=Unicef>{{cite web|title=The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)|url=http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2640.htm|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=22 March 2011|archive-date=26 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626213241/http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2640.htm}}</ref> There are 6,719 operational projects with 1,241,749 operational [[Aanganwadi]] centres.<ref name=ICDS/> Several positive benefits of the programme have been documented and reported
* A study in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] demonstrated significant improvement in the mental and social development of all children irrespective of their gender.<ref name=unicef3/>
* A 1992 study of [[National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development New Delhi|National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development]] confirmed improvements in birth-weight and infant mortality of Indian children along with improved immunization and nutrition.<ref name=unicef3/>
* Several studies have shown that ICDS can improve long-term health and educational outcomes of adolescents and adults.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kinra S, Rameshwar Sarma KV, Mendu VV, Ravikumar R, Mohan V, Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft JR, Davey Smith G, Ben-Shlomo Y | display-authors = 6 | title = Effect of integration of supplemental nutrition with public health programmes in pregnancy and early childhood on cardiovascular risk in rural Indian adolescents: long term follow-up of Hyderabad nutrition trial | journal = BMJ | volume = 337 | pages = a605 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18658189 | pmc = 2500199 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.a605 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kinra S, Gregson J, Prabhakaran P, Gupta V, Walia GK, Bhogadi S, Gupta R, Aggarwal A, Mallinson PA, Kulkarni B, Prabhakaran D, Davey Smith G, Radha Krishna KV, Ebrahim S, Kuper H, Ben-Shlomo Y | display-authors = 6 | title = Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India | journal = PLOS Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 7 | article-number = e1003183 | date = July 2020 | pmid = 32692751 | pmc = 7373266 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003183 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nandi A, Behrman JR, Kinra S, Laxminarayan R | title = Early-Life Nutrition Is Associated Positively with Schooling and Labor Market Outcomes and Negatively with Marriage Rates at Age 20-25 Years: Evidence from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS) in India | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 148 | issue = 1 | pages = 140–146 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 29378047 | pmc = 6289970 | doi = 10.1093/jn/nxx012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Nandi A, Behrman JB, Laxminarayan R |date=2019-02-15|title=The Impact of a National Early Childhood Development Program on Future Schooling Attainment: Evidence from Integrated Child Development Services in India|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/703078|journal=Economic Development and Cultural Change|volume=69|issue=1|pages=291–316|doi=10.1086/703078|s2cid=224806490 |issn=0013-0079|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nandi A, Ashok A, Kinra S, Behrman JR, Laxminarayan R | title = Early Childhood Nutrition Is Positively Associated with Adolescent Educational Outcomes: Evidence from the Andhra Pradesh Child and Parents Study (APCAPS) | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 146 | issue = 4 | pages = 806–813 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 26962175 | pmc = 4807645 | doi = 10.3945/jn.115.223198 }}</ref>{{citation overkill|date=July 2023}}

However, World Bank has also highlighted certain key shortcomings of the programme including inability to target the girl child improvements, participation of wealthier and middle-class children more than low-income children and lowest level of funding for the poorest and the most undernourished states of India.<ref name=C2>{{cite web|title=CHAPTER 2 THE INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES PROGRAM (ICDS) – ARE RESULTS MEETING EXPECTATIONS?|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/223546-1147272668285/undernourished_chapter_2.pdf|publisher=World Bank|access-date=22 March 2011}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[15 point Programme for minorities]]
* [[Balwadi Nutrition Programme]]
* [[Malnutrition in India]]
* [[Malnutrition in India#Integrated child development scheme|Malnutrition in India (Section ICDS)]]
* [[Mina Swaminathan#Career|Mina Swaminathan]]
* [[School meal#India|School Meals in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2640.htm UNICEF India ICDS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626213241/http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2640.htm |date=26 June 2012 }}
* [http://ncpcr.gov.in National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development]
* [http://icds.gov.in/ ICDS in Maharashtra]

{{Government Schemes in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Child welfare in India]]
[[Category:Children's rights instruments]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1975]]
[[Category:Health programmes in India]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]
[[Category:Child development organizations]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in India]]

Pebe Sebert

2026-03-07T23:19:23Z

Tijusacademyoet: expanded content for accuracy and corrected details for consistency

{{Short description|American singer and songwriter}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pebe Sebert
| image = Pebe Sebert.jpg
| caption = Sebert in 2021
| birth_name = Rosemary Patricia Sebert
| alias = {{flatlist|
*Patricia Rose Sebert
*P. Sebert
*Sebert
*D. Sebert
*Pebe Seber}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|3|17}}
| birth_place = [[Michigan City, Indiana]], U.S.
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Hugh Moffatt (singer)|Hugh Moffat]]|1977|1984|reason=divorced}}
| children = 3, including [[Kesha]]
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Pop Music|Pop]]
*[[country music|country]]
*[[dance-pop]]
*[[pop rock]]}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
*Singer
*songwriter}}
| instrument = {{flatlist|
*Vocals
*piano
*guitar}}
| years_active = 1976–present
| discography=[[List of songs written by Pebe Sebert|List of songs written]]
}}
}}

'''Rosemary Patricia''' "'''Pebe'''" '''Sebert'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendicott |first=James |date=March 10, 2016 |title=Kesha's mother on Dr Luke: 'he almost destroyed us' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/kesha-29-1205794 |access-date=January 31, 2024 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|iː|b|i|_|ˈ|s|ɛ|b|ər|t}} {{respell|PEE|bee|_|SEB|ərt}}; born March 17, 1956) is an American singer and songwriter from [[Brentwood, Tennessee]], and the mother of pop singer [[Kesha]]. Sebert has co-written number-one hits for [[Dolly Parton]], [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]], and Kesha, her daughter. Sebert and Kesha have written 11 published songs together. The songs Sebert wrote for other artists have combined sales of over 8 million copies in the United States alone.<ref name="sales">{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Ke$ha&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2010&sort=Artist&perPage=25 |title=Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – May 09, 2014 |publisher=RIAA |date=n.d.|access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, Sebert appeared as a regular on reality show ''[[Kesha: My Crazy Beautiful Life]]'', which starred Kesha and was filmed by her son Lagan. Sebert released her self-titled debut album on December 12, 2025, through her daughter's independent record label, Kesha Records.

==Early life and education==
Sebert was born on March 17, 1956, in [[Michigan City, Indiana]], and her early years were spent on her parents' farm. She is of [[German American|German]], [[Hungarian American|Hungarian]], and [[Polish American|Polish]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2303977/kesha-vinny-guadagnino-interview/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119221608/http://www.mtv.com/news/2303977/kesha-vinny-guadagnino-interview/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 19, 2015|title= Ke$ha Once Snuck into Prince's House & 5 Other Fascinating Things We Learned From Her Interview With Vinny Guadagnino (VIDEO)|publisher=MTV News|date=April 15, 2013}}</ref> Pebe began singing and making up songs at age 4 and singing publicly by age six, and she trained as a singer and played piano and guitar. She sang in groups, bands, and as a solo artist. Sebert entered the [[Interlochen Arts Academy]] at age 15, where she participated in the Madrigal group, which toured by invitation in Europe. She also toured as a soprano with the American Youth Symphony and Choir. She began playing coffeehouses in Chicago and Europe throughout her high school years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3732465/bio|title=Kesha|publisher=IMDb}}</ref>

==Career==
In the 1970s, Sebert wrote "[[Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You]]" with then-husband [[Hugh Moffatt (singer)|Hugh Moffatt]] for [[North America|American]] [[Country music|Country]] singer [[Joe Sun]] for his album ''Old Flames''.<ref name=tennessean>{{cite web|title=Ke$ha following mom's country music lead?|url=http://blogs.tennessean.com/tunein/tag/pebe-sebert/|work=[[The Tennessean]]|publisher=Carol Hudler|access-date=October 31, 2012}}</ref> Sun's version soon became a hit, peaking at No. 14 on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Hot Country Songs]] chart. [[Dolly Parton]] included a cover of the song on her 1980 album ''[[Dolly, Dolly, Dolly]]'' two years after Sun's version was released. Parton's version became a huge hit, reaching No. 1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot Country Songs chart.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944–2006, Second edition|last=Whitburn|first=Joel|author-link=Joel Whitburn|year=2004|publisher=Record Research |page=262}}</ref> "Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You" was later covered by many artists, including Sebert's daughter Kesha for her [[extended play]] ''[[Warrior (Kesha album)#Deconstructed|Deconstructed]]'' and her third studio album ''[[Rainbow (Kesha album)|Rainbow]]''.

In 2004, Sebert lent her vocals on X-Mas Balls' debut holiday album, ''She Left Me For Rudolph'', singing "If I Was an Angel" with Ned McElroy and Jerry Williams.<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|author=Pebe Sebert |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pebe-sebert-mn0001317929 |title=Pebe Sebert | Songs |publisher=AllMusic |date=n.d.|access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref>

In May 2005, Sebert and her two children Kesha and Lagan starred in an episode of the reality series ''[[The Simple Life]]'' which starred [[Paris Hilton]] and [[Nicole Richie]]. In the May 12, 2005 episode "The Wedding Planner," Sebert lets Hilton and Richie stay at her house while they attempt to plan a wedding and eventually try, with Kesha's help, to set Sebert up on a date.<ref name="imdb" />

In 2010, Sebert co-wrote her daughter Kesha's hit song "[[Your Love Is My Drug]]", which became a Top 10 single in nine countries and reached triple-platinum in the U.S. Later that year, Sebert and Kesha gave the song "Disgusting" to pop singer [[Miranda Cosgrove]] for her debut album, and contributed the title track for [[Miley Cyrus]]'s debut EP, ''[[The Time of Our Lives (EP)|The Time of Our Lives]]''.

In 2012, Sebert co-wrote "Warrior", "Dirty Love", "Wonderland", "Gold Trans Am", and "Out Alive" for Kesha's second album ''Warrior''. Sebert also provided backing vocals for the tracks "Dirty Love", which featured [[Iggy Pop]], and "Gold Trans Am".<ref name="allmusic" />

In April 2013, Sebert appeared on Kesha's reality show ''[[Kesha: My Crazy Beautiful Life]]'' which was filmed by her son Lagan Sebert and aired on [[MTV]]. The first season (April 23, 2013 – May 28, 2013) documented Kesha's life as she embarked on her first solo tour and worked on her second album, ''Warrior''.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5402979/|title=Pebe Sebert|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> The second season featured Kesha spending more time at home taking a much-needed break, and featured Sebert's youngest son and Kesha's youngest brother, Louie, who hadn't appeared in the first season. Season two ran from October 30 to December 18, 2013.

In 2013, Sebert co-wrote Kesha and American rapper [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]]'s hit single "[[Timber (Pitbull song)|Timber]]", which was released on October 2, 2013, and became a Top 10 single in 28 countries and No. 1 in 12 countries.<ref name="SWEDENTIMBER">{{cite web|author=Steffen Hung |url=http://www.swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Pitbull+feat.+Ke%24ha&titel=Timber&cat=s |title=Pitbull feat. Ke$ha – Timber |publisher=swedishcharts.com |date=n.d.|access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref><ref name="CANADATIMBER">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/339631/Pitbull/chart?f=793 |title=Pitbull – Chart history |magazine=Billboard |date=n.d.|access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref><ref name="AUSTRIATIMBER">{{cite web|author=Steffen Hung |url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Pitbull+feat.+Ke%24ha&titel=Timber&cat=s |title=Pitbull feat. Ke$ha – Timber |publisher=australian-charts.com |date=n.d.|access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref>

On December 31, 2013, Kesha released a music video for "Dirty Love", which Sebert had co-written and for which she contributed vocals.

In 2017, Sebert co-produced Kesha's comeback album ''Rainbow'' which features two new tracks co-written by the duo ("Hymn" and "Learn to Let Go"), as well as a duet of "Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You", between Kesha and Parton. Sebert co-wrote the duet "[[Safe (Sage song)|Safe]]" with Kesha and her son Louie, who performed it alongside indie rapper Chika.

Following the releases of "Vampire" and "Hard Times Ahead" in 2021 and 2022, respectively, Sebert released "City's Burning" as the lead single of her self-titled debut album on November 14, 2025. The album was recorded in the 1980s and released on December 12, 2025, via Kesha Records. It contains 11 tracks, including the three previously released singles.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|url=https://people.com/kesha-mom-pebe-sebert-album-addiction-exclusive-11849487|date=November 14, 2025|title=Kesha's Mom Pebe Sebert's Own Music Career Was Destroyed by Addiction. Now She's Ready to Share Her Art (Exclusive)|first=Jack|last=Irvin}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sebert was married to [[Hugh Moffatt (singer)|Hugh Moffatt]], with whom she wrote "Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You",<ref name="tennessean"/> for seven years, separating in 1984. They had one child together, Lagan Sebert.

In 1987, Sebert gave birth to daughter [[Kesha|Kesha Rose Sebert]]. Sebert frequently brought Kesha and her brother along to recording studios and encouraged Kesha to sing.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |last=Day |first=Elizabeth |date=November 29, 2010 |title=She's a walking, talking living dollar |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/29/kesha-interview-elizabeth-day |access-date=November 29, 2010 |work=The Guardian |location=UK}}</ref> She moved the family to [[Nashville, Tennessee]], in 1991 after securing a new publishing deal for her songwriting.

Sebert has one adopted son, Louis Sage "Louie" Sebert, who was born on October 12, 1999. He appeared in an episode of the television series ''[[Victorious]]'' alongside Kesha.

Through Lagan, Pebe has two grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4523094/bio|title=Lagan Sebert|publisher=IMDb}}</ref>

Sebert checked into Timberline Knolls Residential Treatment Center in [[Lemont, Illinois]], for [[Residential treatment center|rehab]] in January 2014, claiming that she had post-traumatic stress disorder from the trauma of Kesha being attacked by her record label and [[Dr. Luke]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Telling |first=Gillian |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20774806,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111204610/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20774806,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |title=Ke$ha's Mom, Pebe Sebert, Checks into Rehab Center With Daughter |work=People |date=n.d.|access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref>
Sebert has admitted that she is a recovering drug addict and alcoholic and had taken Kesha to [[Alcoholics Anonymous]] meetings with her since Kesha was a year old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://popcrush.com/kesha-pebe-sebert-rehab/ |title=Kesha's Mom Pebe Sebert Checks into Rehab With Her |publisher=Popcrush.com |date=n.d.|access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.celebuzz.com/2014-01-08/kehas-mom-speaks-out-she-doesnt-have-a-drinking-problem/ |title=Ke$ha's Mom Speaks Out: "She Doesn't Have a Drinking Problem" |publisher=Celebuzz.com |date=January 8, 2014 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108234045/http://www.celebuzz.com/2014-01-08/kehas-mom-speaks-out-she-doesnt-have-a-drinking-problem/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wonderwall.msn.com/music/kehas-mom-pebe-sebert-my-daughters-not-in-rehab-for-alcohol-shes-bulimic-1790932.story |title=Ke$ha's mother Pebe Sebert: My daughter's not in rehab for alcohol, she's bulimic | Wonderwall |publisher=MSN |date=January 9, 2014 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816045624/http://wonderwall.msn.com/music/kehas-mom-pebe-sebert-my-daughters-not-in-rehab-for-alcohol-shes-bulimic-1790932.story |archive-date=August 16, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Discography==
{{See also|List of songs written by Pebe Sebert}}

=== Studio albums ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+List of studio albums, with selected details
! Title
! Details
|-
! scope="row" | ''Pebe Sebert''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url= https://www.instagram.com/p/DRBB1clCeqk/?igsh=dThkb3Z2cWF3OGFk
|access-date=2026-03-07 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>
|
* Release date: December 12, 2025
* Label: Kesha
* Format: Digital download, streaming, LP
|}

==Awards and nominations==
[[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]] Pop Music Awards
*2010 ("[[Your Love Is My Drug]]" Kesha)<ref name="award1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.com/press/entry/551489 |title=2011 BMI Pop Music Award List | Press |publisher=BMI.com |date=May 18, 2011 |access-date=May 9, 2014}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Television
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2005
| ''[[The Simple Life]]''
| Herself
| "Wedding Planner" (Season 3, Episode 15)
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Kesha: My Crazy Beautiful Life]]''
| Herself
| Series regular (14 Episodes)
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5402979}}

{{Kesha}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sebert, Pebe}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:American women country singers]]
[[Category:American country singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:American people of Hungarian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Kesha]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Tennessee]]
[[Category:American women pop singers]]

Upper Maleri Formation

2026-03-07T12:17:06Z

Tijusacademyoet: New new details

{{short description|Geologic formation in India}}
{{see also|Lower Maleri Formation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Upper Maleri Formation
| image = Upper Maleri Formation dinosaurs (Maleriraptor and Jaklapallisaurus).jpg
| caption = Artistic reconstruction of the Upper Maleri Formation paleoenvironment
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = [[Norian]] ~{{fossil range|220|211}}
| period = Norian
| prilithology =
| otherlithology =
| namedfor =
| namedby =
| region = [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.3|N|79.5|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|33.1|S|36.4|E|display=inline}}
| unitof = [[Gondwana Group]]
| subunits =
| underlies = [[Lower Dharmaram Formation]]
| overlies = [[Lower Maleri Formation]]
| thickness =
| extent = [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | India
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| lat_deg = 19.2
| lon_deg = 79.6
| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
}}

The '''Upper Maleri Formation''' is a [[sedimentary]] [[geological formation|rock formation]] found in [[Telangana]], [[India]]. It is one of the formations of the [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]. It is of late [[Norian]] and possibly earliest [[Rhaetian]] ages ([[Late Triassic]]), and is notable for its [[fossil]]s of early [[dinosaur]]s.

== Paleobiota ==
{{paleobiota-key-compact}}

=== Dinosauriforms ===
An unnamed [[Guaibasauridae|guaibasaurid]] was present in the formation based on associated vertebrae, hip, and hindlimb material, specimens [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]] R277. Two more indeterminate dinosauriform species are also known from the formation, based on specimens ISI R282 (a hip and three vertebrae) and ISI R284 (a right [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]] similar to that of ''Nambalia roychowdhurii'').<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Novas |first1=Fernando E. |last2=Ezcurra |first2=Martin D. |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Sankar |last4=Kutty |first4=T. S. |date=2011 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of Central India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231824148 |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |language=en |volume=101 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093 |s2cid=128620874 |issn=1755-6910}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Dinosauriform|Dinosauriforms]] from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Jaklapallisaurus]]<ref name=":0" />''
| ''J. assymetrica''
| [[Telangana]]
| ISI R274, [[postcrania]]l material<ref name=":0" />
| An [[unaysauridae|unaysaurid]] [[Sauropodomorpha|sauropodomorph]], also found in the [[Lower Dharmaram Formation]]
|
|-
| ''[[Nambalia]]<ref name=":0" />''
| ''N. roychowdhurii ''
| Telangana
| ISI R273, including partial postcrania of at least three individuals of different sizes found closely associated<ref name=":0" />
| A [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] sauropodomorph
|
|-
| ''[[Maleriraptor]]''<ref name="Maleriraptor">{{Cite journal |last1=Ezcurra |first1=Martín D. |last2=Garcia |first2=Maurício Silva |last3=Novas |first3=Fernando E. |last4=Müller |first4=Rodrigo Temp |last5=Agnolín |first5=Federico L. |last6=Chatterjee |first6=Sankar |date=2025-05-07 |title=A new herrerasaurian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri Formation of south-central India |journal=[[Royal Society Open Science]] |language=en |volume=12 |issue=5 |doi=10.1098/rsos.250081 |issn=2054-5703 |doi-access=free|pmc=12077243 }}</ref>
| ''M. kuttyi''
| [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin|Pranhita-Godavari Valley]]
| ISIR 282, partial sacral ribs, vertebrae, and pelvic girdle<ref name="Maleriraptor" />
| A [[herrerasauria]]n
|[[File:Maleriraptor kuttyi.png|center|200px]]
|}

=== Other amniotes ===
[[Phytosaur]] fossils are known from the formation, including forms similar to ''[[Angistorhinus]]'' and ''[[Leptosuchus]]''.''<ref name="Nesbitt2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Nesbitt |first1=S. J. |last2=Stocker |first2=M. R. |last3=Chatterjee |first3=S. |last4=Horner |first4=J. R. |last5=Goodwin |first5=M. B. |year=2021 |title=A remarkable group of thick-headed Triassic Period archosauromorphs with a wide, possibly Pangean distribution |journal=[[Journal of Anatomy]] |volume=239 |issue=1 |pages=184–206 |doi=10.1111/joa.13414 |pmc=8197959 |pmid=33660262}}</ref>'' Indeterminate [[Aetosaur|aetosaurs]] and [[Dicynodont|dicynodonts]] have also been reported.''<ref name="Nesbitt2021" />''
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="5" align="center" | '''Non-dinosaur [[Amniote|amniotes]] from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Kranosaura]]<ref name="Nesbitt2021" />''
| ''K. kuttyi''
| ISIR 269, a partial skull
| A dome-headed [[Protopyknosia|protopyknosian]] [[Archosauriformes|archosauriform]], related to ''[[Triopticus]]'' from the [[Colorado City Formation]] of Texas
|
|}

=== Temnospondyls ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Temnospondyl]]s from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Compsocerops]]''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sengupta |first=Dhurjati P. |date=1995 |title=Chigutisaurid temnospondyls from the Late Triassic of India and a review of the Family Chigutisauridae |url=https://www.palass.org/sites/default/files/media/publications/palaeontology/volume_38/vol38_part2_pp313-339.pdf |journal=Palaeontology |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=313–339}}</ref>
| ''C. cosgriffi<ref name=":1" />''
| A [[Chigutisauridae|chigutisaurid]] also found in the [[Santa Maria Formation]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Teschner |first1=Elżbieta M. |last2=Chakravorti |first2=Sanjukta |last3=Sengupta |first3=Dhurjati P. |last4=Konietzko-Meier |first4=Dorota |date=2020-09-08 |title=Climatic influence on the growth pattern of Panthasaurus maleriensis from the Late Triassic of India deduced from paleohistology |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=8 |article-number=e9868 |doi=10.7717/peerj.9868 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=7485487 |pmid=33194360 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Kuttycephalus]]<ref name=":1" />''
| ''K. triangularis<ref name=":1" />''
| A [[Chigutisauridae|chigutisaurid]]<ref name=":2" />
|
|-
|}

=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Fish]]es from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Ferganoceratodus]]''
| ''F. hislopianus''
| A [[Ceratodontiformes|ceratodontiform]] [[Lungfish|lungfish]]
|
|-
|}

== Correlations ==
The formation has been correlated with the [[Forest Sandstone]] of Africa, the lower [[Caturrita Formation]] of the [[Paraná Basin]] in Brazil, the upper [[Ischigualasto Formation]] and lower [[Los Colorados Formation]] of the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]] of Argentina, and the [[Chinle Formation]] of North America.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |editor-last=[[David B. Weishampel|Weishampel]] |editor-first=David B. |editor-last2=[[Peter Dodson|Dodson]] |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last3=[[Halszka Osmólska|Osmólska]] |editor-first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria|edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |location=Berkeley|publisher= University of California Press |pages=1–880 |access-date=2019-02-21|isbn=0-520-24209-2}}

[[Category:Geologic formations of India]]
[[Category:Triassic System of Asia]]
[[Category:Triassic India]]
[[Category:Norian Stage]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Asia]]
[[Category:Paleontology in India]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}
{{geologic-formation-stub}}
{{triassic-stub}}

Dakinir Char

2026-03-07T06:46:00Z

Tijusacademyoet: improved references also as per guidelines

{{Short description|Bengali language crime thriller film}}
{{Italic title|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
'''''Dakinir Char''''' (Island of Witch) is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] crime [[thriller film]] directed and produced by [[Premendra Mitra]] based on the story of Mitra by the same name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/HMW/info|title=Dakinir Char|website=indiancine.ma|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402163309/https://indiancine.ma/HMW/info|archive-date=2018-04-02|url-status=live|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mitra|first=Premendra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-VMSPwAACAAJ|title=Cinemar Sab Upanyaas : Premendra Mitra|date=2010|publisher=Patra Bharati|isbn=978-81-8374-006-7|language=bn}}</ref> This film was released on 28 January 1955<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&q=Dakinir+Char+1955&pg=PA65|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|last=Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135943189|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402163325/https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=Dakinir+Char+1955&source=bl&ots=VCZsPACybe&sig=5Zjy-DLKTrf9nV9J_mkGblDjetk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-rPfR95raAhVJMo8KHWnEAJI4ChDoAQgnMAA#v=onepage&q=Dakinir%20Char%201955&f=false|archive-date=2018-04-02|url-status=live|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sur |first=Ansu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-hkAAAAMAAJ&q=Dakinir+Char+premendra+mitra |title=Bengali Film Directory |date=1999 |publisher=Nandan, West Bengal Film Centre }}</ref> under the banner of Chitrani Films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film77920.htm|title=Dakinir Char|publisher=citwf.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402163322/http://www.citwf.com/film77920.htm|archive-date=2018-04-02|url-status=live|access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Dakinir Char (1955) |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/dakinir-char-1955-bengali-movie |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=FilmiClub }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]]
* [[Jahor Roy]]
* Namita Singha
* Moni Shrimani
* Sabita Chatterjee
* Ajit Chattopadhyay
* Bipin Mukhopadhyay
* Dhiraj Das
* Bijoy Bose

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0243205}}
{{Premendra Mitra}}
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:1955 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Premendra Mitra]]
[[Category:1955 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]

{{1950s-thriller-film-stub}}
{{1950s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Vasishtha

2026-03-05T03:47:04Z

Tijusacademyoet: added section per standard format and added references

{{short description|Ancient Hindu sage}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Vashistha
| image = Vasishtha.jpg
| caption =
| spouse = [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]]
| children = * [[Śakti Maharṣi|Shakti]], Citraketu, Surocis, Virajas, Mitra, Ulbana, Vasubhrdyana and Dyumat (from Arundhati)<ref>Motilal Bansaridas Publishers Bhagavat Purana Book 2, Skandha IV Page: 426</ref>
* Asmaka ([[Niyoga]] child for [[Kalmashapada]])-Founded [[Asmaka]] Janapada<ref>Pratap Chandra Roy's Mahabharata Adi Parva Page: 409</ref>
| title = [[Saptarshi]], [[Brahmarishi]], [[Maharishi]]
| religion = [[Historical Vedic religion]]
| parents = [[Brahma]] or [[Mitra (Hindu god)|Mitra]]-[[Varuna]] and [[Urvashi]]
| honorific prefix = [[Brahmarishi]]
}}

'''Vashistha''' ({{langx|sa|वसिष्ठ|lit=most excellent}}, {{IAST3|Vasiṣṭha}}) is one of the oldest and revered Vedic rishis or sages,<ref>{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch |url-access=registration |year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/742 742]}}</ref><ref name="dhavamony50">{{cite book|author=Mariasusai Dhavamony|title=Hindu Spirituality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58UZWWzqglMC&pg=PA50|year=1999 |publisher=Gregorian| isbn=978-88-7652-818-7| pages=50 with footnote 63}}</ref> and one of the [[Saptarishi]]s (seven great [[Rishis]]). Vashistha is credited as the chief author of [[Mandala 7]] of the ''[[Rigveda]]''.<ref name="jamisonvash1681">{{cite book|first1=Stephanie |last1=Jamison |first2=Joel |last2=Brereton|title=The Rigveda: 3-Volume Set |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fgzVAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1681|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-972078-1|pages=1681–1684}}</ref> Vasishtha and his family are mentioned in Rigvedic verse 10.167.4,{{refn|group=note|Kasyapa is mentioned in RV 9.114.2, Atri in RV 5.78.4, Bharadvaja in RV 6.25.9, Vishvamitra in RV 10.167.4, Gautama in RV 1.78.1, Jamadagni in RV 3.62.18, etc.;<ref>{{cite book|author= Gudrun Bühnemann|author-link=Gudrun Bühnemann |title=Pūjā: A Study in Smārta Ritual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=44bXAAAAMAAJ| year=1988| publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=978-3-900271-18-3|page=220}}</ref> Original Sanskrit text: प्रसूतो भक्षमकरं चरावपि स्तोमं चेमं प्रथमः सूरिरुन्मृजे । सुते सातेन यद्यागमं वां प्रति '''विश्वामित्र'''जमदग्नी दमे ॥४॥<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.१६७ Rigveda 10.167.4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029120420/https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6:_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AD |date=29 October 2020 }}, Wikisource</ref>}} other Rigvedic mandalas and in many Vedic texts.<ref>"according to Rig Veda 7.33:11 he is the son of Maitravarun and Urvashi" Prof. Shrikant Prasoon, Pustak Mahal, 2009, {{ISBN|8122310729}}, {{ISBN|9788122310726}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bHIpvQDlazAC&lpg=PA109]</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Rigveda|translator=Ralph T.H. Griffith|quote=A form of lustre springing from the lightning wast thou, when Varuṇa and Mitra saw thee; Tliy one and only birth was then, Vashiṣṭha, when from thy stock [[Agastya]] brought thee hither. Born of their love for Urvasi, Vashiṣṭha thou, priest, art son of Varuṇa and Mitra; And as a fallen drop, in heavenly fervour, all the Gods laid thee on a lotus-blossom|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07033.htm|access-date=20 June 2013|archive-date=13 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013152913/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07033.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Maurice Bloomfield|title=Atharvaveda |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180555 |year=1899 |publisher=K.J. Trübner|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180555/page/n35 31], 111, 126}}</ref> His ideas have been influential and he was called the first sage of the [[Vedanta]] school of Hindu philosophy by [[Adi Shankara]].{{sfn|Chapple|1984|page=xi}}

The ''[[Yoga Vasistha|Yoga Vasishtha]]'', ''Vasishtha Samhita'', as well as some versions of the ''[[Agni Purana]]''<ref name="wilsonxxxvi">{{cite book|author=Horace Hayman Wilson|title=The Vishńu Puráńa: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=satCAAAAcAAJ|year=1840 |publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|page=xxxvi}}</ref> and ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' are attributed to him. He is the subject of many stories, such as him being in possession of the divine cow [[Kamadhenu]] and Nandini her child, who could grant anything to their owners. He is famous in Hindu stories for his legendary conflicts with sage [[Vishvamitra]].<ref name="dhavamony50" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Horace Hayman Wilson|title=The Vishńu Puráńa: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=satCAAAAcAAJ |year=1840 |publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|page=lxix}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Adheesh A. Sathaye|title=Crossing the Lines of Caste: Vishvamitra and the Construction of Brahmin Power in Hindu Mythology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rrm6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA254 |year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-934111-5|pages=254–255}}</ref> In the [[Ramayana]], he was the family priest of the [[Raghu dynasty]] and teacher of [[Rama]] and his brothers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-18|title=Rishi Vasistha - One of the Mind-born Sons of Lord Brahma|url=https://vedicfeed.com/rishi-vasistha/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=vedicfeed.com|language=en-US|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203071606/https://vedicfeed.com/rishi-vasistha/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Vasishtha is also spelled as ''{{Transliteration|sa|Vasiṣṭha}}'' and is Sanskrit for "most excellent", "best" or "richest". According to Monier-Williams, it is sometimes alternatively spelt as Vashishta or Vashisht (''{{Transliteration|sa|vaśiṣṭha}}'', {{lang|sa|वशिष्ठ}}).<ref>{{MWSD|vaśiṣṭha}}, [http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0900/mw__0963.html Archive 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428153204/http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0900/mw__0963.html |date=28 April 2017 }}</ref>

==History ==
Historically, Vasishtha was a Rigvedic poet and the [[purohita]] of [[Sudas|Sudās Paijavana]], chief of the [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharata tribe]]. In Rigvedic hymn 7.33.9, Vasishtha is described as a scholar who moved across the [[Saraswati river|Sarasvati river]] to establish his school.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Witzel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXHXAAAAMAAJ|title=Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts: New Approaches to the Study of the Vedas: Proceedings of the International Vedic Workshop, Harvard University, June 1989|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1997|isbn=978-1-888789-03-4|pages=289 with footnote 145}}</ref> At some point, he replaced [[Vishvamitra|Viśvāmitra Gāthina]] as the purohita of Sudās. In later Hindu texts, Viśvāmitra and Vasishtha have a long-standing feud, and scholars have stated they historically had a feud regarding the position of the Bharata purohita. However, this view has been criticized due to lack of internal evidence and the projection of later views onto the Rigveda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Witzel|first=Michael|title=The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995|editor-last=Erdosy|editor-first=George|pages=248–249, 251|chapter=Ṛgvedic history: poets, chieftains and polities}}</ref>{{Sfn|Jamison|Brereton|2014|p=1015-1016}} Under Sudās and Vasishtha, the Tṛtsu-Bharatas won the [[Battle of the Ten Kings]].<ref name=":023">{{Cite book|last=Witzel|first=Michael|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110816433-009/html|title=The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995|isbn=978-3-11-081643-3|editor-last=Erdosy|editor-first=George|series=Indian Philology and South Asian Studies|location=|pages=85–125|language=en|chapter=4. Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres|doi=10.1515/9783110816433-009|s2cid=238465491|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110816433-009/html|access-date=29 August 2021|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812051405/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110816433-009/html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sudās decisively won against a [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]]-led alliance by the strategic breaching of a (natural) dyke on the Ravi river thereby drowning most of their opponents; the victory is attributed to the benevolence and strategizing of [[Indra]], the patron-god of the Bharatas, whose blessings were secured by Vasishtha's poetics.<ref name=":023"/><ref name=":32">{{Cite book|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199370184|editor-last=Brereton|editor-first=Joel P.|volume=I|pages=880, 902–905, 923–925, 1015–1016|editor-last2=Jamison|editor-first2=Stephanie W.}}</ref>

He was married to [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]], and therefore he was also called ''Arundhati Natha'', meaning the husband of Arundhati.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|date= 1990| page= 70 |editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Later, this region is believed in the Indian tradition to be the abode of sage [[Vyasa]] along with [[Pandavas]] of [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Master's Narrative: Swami Sivananda and the Transnational Production of Yoga|jstor= 3814692|publisher=Indiana University Press|volume=23|last=Strauss|first=Sarah|journal=Journal of Folklore Research|date=2002|issue= 2/3|page=221}}</ref> He is typically described in ancient and medieval Hindu texts as a sage with long flowing hair neatly tied into a bun that is coiled with a tuft to the right, a beard, a handlebar moustache and a [[tilak]] on his forehead.<ref name="Bryant2003p164">{{cite book|author=Edwin Bryant|title=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2jfHlinW4UC&pg=PA164 |year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-516947-8|page=164}}</ref>

[[File:Vashistar1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A Vasishtha statue in granite stone.]]In Buddhist Pali canonical texts such as ''[[Digha Nikaya]]'', Tevijja Sutta describes a discussion between the Buddha and Vedic scholars of his time. The [[Buddha]] names ten [[rishi]]s, calls them "early sages" and makers of ancient verses that have been collected and chanted in his era, and among those ten rishi is Vasettha (the [[Pali]] spelling of Vasishtha in [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Steven Collins|title=Aggañña Sutta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSI4VBQ7Y4UC&pg=PA17|year=2001|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1298-5|page=17}}</ref><ref name="walshe188f">{{cite book|author=Maurice Walshe|title=The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uj86AwAAQBAJ |year=2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-979-2|pages=188–189}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Buddha names the following as "early sages" of Vedic verses, "Atthaka (either Ashtavakra or Atri), Vamaka, Vamadeva, Vessamitta (Visvamitra), Yamataggi, Angirasa, Bharadvaja, Vasettha (Vashistha), Kassapa (Kashyapa) and Bhagu (Bhrigu)".<ref name=walshe188f/>}}

===Ideas===
Vasishtha is the author of the seventh book of the ''[[Rigveda]]'',<ref name="jamisonvash1681" /> one of its "family books" and among the oldest layer of hymns in the Vedic scriptures of Hinduism.<ref name="Witzel1997p42" /> The hymns composed by Vasishtha are dedicated to [[Agni]], [[Indra]] and other gods, but according to RN Dandekar, in a book edited by Anay Kumar Gupta, these hymns are particularly significant for four Indravarunau hymns. These have an embedded message of transcending "all thoughts of [[bigotry]]", suggesting a realistic approach of mutual "coordination and harmony" between two rival religious ideas by abandoning disputed ideas from each and finding the complementary spiritual core in both.<ref name="Witzel1997p42">{{cite book|author=Michael Witzel|title=Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts: New Approaches to the Study of the Vedas: Proceedings of the International Vedic Workshop, Harvard University, June 1989 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXHXAAAAMAAJ|year=1997| publisher=Harvard University Press| isbn=978-1-888789-03-4| pages=41–42|oclc= 246746415}}</ref> These hymns declare two gods, [[Indra]] and [[Varuna]], as equally great. In another hymn, particularly the Rigvedic verse 7.83.9, Vasishtha teaches that the Vedic gods Indra and Varuna are complementary and equally important because one vanquishes the evil by the defeat of enemies in battles, while other sustains the good during peace through socio-ethical laws.<ref>{{cite book|author1=J. C. Heesterman|author2=Albert W. Van den Hoek|author3=Dirk H. A. Kolff |author3-link=Dirk H. A. Kolff |display-authors=etal |title=Ritual, State, and History in South Asia: Essays in Honour of J.C. Heesterman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtwtSZwyWpgC&pg=PA68|year=1992|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-09467-9|pages=68–73 with footnotes}}</ref> The seventh mandala of the ''Rigveda'' by Vasishtha is a metaphorical treatise.<ref>{{cite book|author1=J. C. Heesterman|author2=Albert W. Van den Hoek|author3=Dirk H. A. Kolff |display-authors=etal|title=Ritual, State, and History in South Asia: Essays in Honour of J.C. Heesterman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtwtSZwyWpgC |year=1992|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-09467-9|pages=136–137 }}</ref> Vasishtha reappears as a character in Hindu texts, through its history, that explore conciliation between conflicting or opposing ideologies.<ref>[[Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar]] (1981), "Vasistha as Religious Conciliator", in ''Exercises in Indology'', Delhi: Ajanta, pages 122-132, {{oclc| 9098360}}</ref>

According to Ellison Findly, a professor of Religion, Vasishtha hymns in the ''Rigveda'' are among the most intriguing in many ways and influential. Vasishtha emphasizes means to be as important as ends during one's life encouraging truthfulness, devotion, optimism, family life, sharing one's prosperity with other members of society, among other cultural values.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Findly | first=Ellison Banks | title=Vasistha: Religious Personality and Vedic Culture | journal=Numen | publisher=BRILL Academic | volume=31 | issue=1 | year=1984 | pages=74–77, 98–105 | doi=10.2307/3269890 | jstor= 3269890 }}</ref>

==Attributed texts==
{{Quote box
| quote = '''Excellence'''
<poem>
Practise righteousness ([[dharma]]), not unrighteousness.
Speak the truth, not an untruth.
Look at what is distant, not what's near at hand.
Look at the highest, not at what's less than highest.
</poem>
| source = — ''Vasishtha Dharmasutra 30.1''{{Sfn|Olivelle|1999|p=325}}
| bgcolor = #FFE0BB
| align = right
}}

Vasishtha is a revered sage in the Hindu traditions, and like other revered sages, numerous treatises composed in ancient and medieval era are reverentially named after him.{{Sfn|Olivelle|1999|p=xxvi}} Some treatises named after him or attributed to him include:
* ''[[Vasishtha Samhita]]'' is a medieval era [[Yoga]] text.<ref>{{cite book|title=Vaśiṣṭha Saṃhitā: Yoga kāṇḍa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiuePAAACAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Kaivalyadhama S.M.Y.M. samiti|isbn=978-81-89485-37-5}}</ref> There is an [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agama]] as well with the same title.
* ''[[Vashishta Dharmasutra]]'', an ancient text, and one of the few [[Dharma]]-related treatises which has survived into the modern era. This Dharmasūtra (300–100 BCE) forms an independent text and other parts of the Kalpasūtra, that is Shrauta- and Grihya-sutras are missing.{{Sfn|Lingat|1973|p=18}} It contains 1,038 sutras.{{Sfn|Olivelle|2006|page=185}}
* ''[[Yoga Vasistha|Yoga Vasishtha]]'' is a syncretic medieval era text that presents [[Vedanta]] and [[Yoga]] philosophies. It is written in the form of a dialogue between Vasishtha and prince Rama from the ''[[Ramayana]]''. It is about the nature of life, human suffering, choices as the nature of life, free will, human creative power and spiritual liberation.{{sfn|Chapple|1984|pp=xi-xii}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Surendranath Dasgupta |title=A History of Indian Philosophy |date=2 January 1933 |volume=2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521047791 |pages=252–253}}</ref> Yoga Vasishtha teachings are structured as stories and fables,{{sfn|Venkatesananda|1984|pp=51, 77, 87, 121, 147, 180, 188, 306, 315, 354, 410}} with a philosophical foundation similar to those found in [[Advaita Vedanta]].{{sfn|Chapple|1984|pp=ix-x with footnote 3}}<ref>{{cite book|author=K. N. Aiyer |year=1975 |title=Laghu-Yoga-Vasishta |publisher=Theosophical Publishing House |others=Original Author: Abhinanda |isbn=978-0835674973 |page=5}}</ref>{{sfn|Leslie|2003|pp=104}} The text is also notable for its discussion of [[Yoga]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=G. Watts |last=Cunningham |year=1948 |jstor=2181797 |title=How Far to the Land of Yoga? An Experiment in Understanding |journal=The Philosophical Review |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=573–589|doi=10.2307/2181797 }}</ref><ref>F Chenet (1987), Bhāvanā et Créativité de la Conscience, Numen, Vol. 34, Fasc. 1, pages 45-96 (in French)</ref> According to Christopher Chapple – a professor of Indic studies specializing in Yoga and Indian religions, the ''Yoga Vasishtha'' philosophy can be summarized as, "Human effort can be used for self-betterment and that there is no such thing as an external fate imposed by the gods".{{sfn|Chapple|1984|pp=x-xi with footnote 4}}
*''[[Agni Purana]]'' is attributed to Vasishtha.<ref name="wilsonxxxvi" />
*''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' is attributed to Vasishtha along with Rishi Pulatsya. He has also contributed to many Vedic hymns and is seen as the arranger of [[Vedas]] during ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]''.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

==Legend==
===Birth===
[[File:Vishvamitra and Vasishtha.jpg|thumb|King Vishvamitra visits Vasishtha (left)]]
According to Mandala 7 of the Rigveda{{Citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=The provided citation has the title of The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India but it links to (via ISBN) Rigveda: A guide. Moreover this linked book doesn't even have the terms relevant to this section ("Varuna", "Mitra","Aditi"). I have removed that citation: (Stephanie Jamison (2015). The Rigveda –– Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Oxford University Press. p. 924. ISBN 978-0190633394.))}}, the gods [[Mitra (Vedic)|Mitra]]-[[Varuna]] and the [[apsara]] [[Urvashi]] are mentioned as his parents. In the story, Mitra and Varuna are performing a [[yajna]] (fire-sacrifice), when they see Urvasi and become sexually aroused. They ejaculate their semen into a [[Pitcher (container)|pitcher]], from which Vasishtha is born after a few days.

Vasishtha's birth story is retold in many later Hindu scriptures. The ''[[Puranas]]'' state that he has three births. In the first, he is a [[Manasputra|manasaputra]] (mind-born son) created by the god [[Brahma]]. After the destruction of the [[Daksha yajna|Daksha Yajna]], Vasishtha is killed, but is recreated by Brahma. Vasishtha became the royal guru of [[Nimi (Vedic king)|Nimi]], a king. However, Nimi forgot to invite Vasishtha in a yajna and an enraged Vasishtha cursed Nimi to die soon. Nimi responded by offering him the same curse. Frightened, Vashishtha ran towards his father, Brahma. Brahma suggested him to merge into [[Varuna]] and [[Mitra (Vedic)|Mitra]]. When [[Urvashi]] was seen by Varuna and Mitra, Vasishtha reemerged from them.<ref name="Satyamayananda">{{Cite book |last=Satyamayananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1iGKDwAAQBAJ&q=vashishtha+birth&pg=PT35 |title=Ancient Sages |date=2019 |publisher=Advaita Ashrama (A publication branch of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math) |isbn=978-81-7505-923-8 |access-date=7 December 2021 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207132737/https://books.google.com/books?id=1iGKDwAAQBAJ&q=vashishtha+birth&pg=PT35 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wisdomlib">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Vasiṣṭha |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc242047.html |access-date=2020-10-14 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207132738/https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc242047.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to Agarwal, one story states that Vasishtha wanted to commit suicide by falling into river [[Sarasvati]]. But the river prevented this sacrilege by splitting into hundreds of shallow channels. This story, states Agarwal, may have very ancient roots, where "the early man observed the braiding process of the Satluj" and because such a story could not have been invented without the residents observing an ancient river (in Rajasthan) drying up and its tributaries such as Sutlej reflowing to merge into Indus river.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Legends as models of Science|jstor=42930266|date=1990|volume=49|pages=41–42|last=Agarwal|first= D.P.|journal= Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute}}{{Subscription required|url= http://www.indianscience.org/essays/t_es_agarw_legends.shtml}}</ref>

===Rivalry with Vishvamitra===
[[File:Vasishta summons Shabala, the cow of abundance, to provide for a feast.jpg|thumb|left|Vasishta summons Shabala, the cow of abundance, to provide for a feast]]
[[File:The forces of Vishvamitra and those raised by Vasishta's volition battle for possession of Shabala.jpg|thumb|The forces of Vishvamitra and those raised by Vasishta's volition battle for possession of Shabala]]
Vasishtha is known for his feud with Vishvamitra. The king Vishvamitra coveted Vasishtha's divine cow Nandini ([[Kamadhenu]]) that could fulfil material desires. Vasishtha destroyed Vishvamitra's army and sons. Vishvamitra acquired weapons from Shiva and incinerated Vasishtha's hermitage and sons, but Vasishtha baffled all of Vishvamitra's weapons. There is also an instance mentioned in the Mandala 7, of the Rigveda about the [[Battle of the Ten Kings]]. This battle was fought as King Sudas of Bharata tribe appointed Vashishtha instead of Vishvamitra as his main priest. However later, Vishvamitra betook severe penances for thousands of years and became a Brahmarshi. He eventually reconciled with Vasishtha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kanuga|first=G. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHgW9SezCqoC&q=vishwamitra+Kamdhenu&pg=PA88|title=Immortal Love of Rama|date=1993|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-50-9|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=22 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422133524/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHgW9SezCqoC&q=vishwamitra+Kamdhenu&pg=PA88|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Disciples===
{{more citations needed section|date=October 2022}}
[[File:Guru Vasishtha teaching Rama.jpg|thumb|Vasishtha teaching Rama]]
Vasishtha is known as the priest and preceptor, teacher of the Ikshvaku kings clan. He was also the preceptor of Manu, the progenitor of Kshatriyas and Ikshvaku's father. Other characters like Nahusha, Rantideva, lord Rama and Bhishma were his disciples. When the Bharata king Samvarta lost his kingdom to the Panchalas, he became the disciple of Vasishtha. Under Vasishtha's guidance, Samvarta regained his kingdom and became the ruler of the earth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rishi Vasishtha : Ishta Guru Of Lord Ram - Humans Of Uttarakhand|date=3 June 2021|url=https://www.humansofuttarakhand.com/rishi-vasishtha-ishta-guru-of-lord-ram/|access-date=2021-12-03|language=en-US|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203070354/https://www.humansofuttarakhand.com/rishi-vasishtha-ishta-guru-of-lord-ram/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==The ''Vasishtha Head''==

A copper casting of a human head styled in the manner described for Vasishtha was discovered in 1958 in Delhi. This piece has been dated to around 700 CE, plus minus 80 years, in three western universities (ETH Zurich, Stanford and UC) using among other methods carbon-14 dating tests, spectrographic analysis, [[X-ray]] dispersal analysis and [[metallography]].<ref name="Bryant2003p164"/><ref>Harry Hicks and Robert Anderson (1990), [http://www.jies.org/docs/jies_index/Vol18.html Analysis of an Indo-European Vedic Aryan Head – 4500-2500 B.C.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707102307/http://www.jies.org/DOCS/jies_index/Vol18.html |date=7 July 2017 }}, in ''Journal of Indo European studies'', Vol. 18, pp 425–446. Fall 1990.</ref> This piece is called "Vasishtha head", because the features, hairstyle, [[tilak]] and other features of the casting resembles the description for Vasishtha in Hindu texts.<ref name="Bryant2003p164"/>

The significance of "Vasishtha head" is unclear because it was not found at an archaeological site, but in open Delhi market where it was scheduled to be remelted. Further, the head had an inscription of "Narayana" suggesting that the item was produced in a much later millennium. The item, states Edwin Bryant, likely was re-cast and produced from an ancient pre-2800 BCE copper item that left significant traces of matter with the observed C-14 dating.<ref name="Bryant2003p164"/>

== Vasishtha Temples==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2020}}
[[Image:Vashisht temple.jpg|thumb|250px|Vasishtha Temple, in [[Vashisht (Village)|Vashisht]] village, [[Himachal Pradesh]]]]
[[File:Aarattupuzha shree dharma sastha temple.JPG|thumb|Vasishtha Temple at Arattupuzha, Kerala]]

There is an Ashram dedicated to Vasishtha in [[Guwahati]], [[India]]. This Ashram is situated close to [[Assam]]-[[Meghalaya]] border to the south of [[Guwahati]] city and is a major tourist attraction of Guwahati. Vasishtha's Temple is situated in [[Vashisht (Village)|Vashisht]] village, Himachal Pradesh. Vashishtha Cave, a cave on the banks of [[Ganges]] at Shivpuri, 18 km from [[Rishikesh]] is also locally believed to be his winter abode and houses a Shiva temple, also nearby is Arundhati Cave.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

Guru Vashishtha is also the primary deity at [[Arattupuzha Temple]] known as Arattupuzha Sree Dharmasastha in [[Arattupuzha]] village in [[Thrissur]] district of [[Kerala]]. The famous [[Arattupuzha Pooram]] is a yearly celebration where Sri Rama comes from the [[Thriprayar Temple]] to pay obeisance to his Guru at Arattupuzha temple.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==See also==
{{Commons category}}
* [[Agastya]]
* [[Aruni]]
* [[Atri]]
* [[Kashyapa]]
*[[List of Indian philosophers]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{harvc |last=Chapple |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Chapple |in=Venkatesananda |c=Introduction |year=1984}}
* {{cite book|first=Robert|last=Lingat|title=The Classical Law of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sauo8iSIj7YC |year=1973 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-01898-3 }}
* {{cite book|first=Patrick|last=Olivelle|year=1999|title=Dharmasutras: The Law Codes of Ancient India |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gnVxqvPg9a0C|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-283882-7}}
* {{cite book|first=Patrick|last=Olivelle|title=Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC |year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-977507-1 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Philosophy of the Yoga Vashista. A Comparative Critical and Synthetic Survey of the Philosophical Ideas of Vashista as presented in the Yoga-Vashista Maha-Ramayan. Based on a thesis approved for the degree of Doctor of Letters in the Banaras Hindu University |publisher=Darshana Printers |location=Moradabad |first=B. L. |last=Atreya |date=1981|orig-year= 1935) |page=467}}
* {{Cite book |last=Leslie |first=Julia |year=2003 |title=Authority and meaning in Indian religions: Hinduism and the case of Vālmīki |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=0-7546-3431-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/authoritymeaning00lesl |url-access=registration}}
*{{cite book |title=The Vision and the Way of Vashista |publisher=Indian Heritage Trust |location=Madras |first=B. L. |last=Atreya |date=1993 |oclc=30508760 |page=583}} Selected verses, sorted by subject, in both Sanskrit and English text.
*{{cite book |title=The Essence of Yogavaasishtha |publisher=Samata Books |location=Chennai |author=Vālmīki |others=Compiled by Sri Jnanananda Bharati, translated by Samvid |orig-year=1982|date=2002 |pages=344}} Sanskrit and English text.
*{{cite book |title=Yoga Vashista Sara: The Essence of Yoga Vashista |publisher=Sri Ramanasramam |location=Tiruvannamalai |author=Vālmīki |others=trans. Swami Surēśānanda |date=1976 |oclc=10560384 |pages=29}} Very short condensation.
* {{cite book |editor-last= Venkatesananda |editor-first=S. |editor-link=Swami Venkatesananda |translator=[[Swami Venkatesananda]] |title=The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |year=1984 |isbn=0-87395-955-8 |oclc=11044869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1FFdOj2dv8cC}}

{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}
{{Rigveda}}
{{Ramayana}}

[[Category:Rishis]]
[[Category:Indian astrologers]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:Ancient astrologers]]
[[Category:Prajapatis]]
[[Category:Brahmin gotras]]
[[Category:Sages in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Characters in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Saptarishi]]

Dusari Goshta

2026-03-04T09:46:44Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting post...

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dusari Goshta
| image = Dusari Goshta Marathi film poster.jpg
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| director = [[Chandrakant Kulkarni]]
| producer = {{ubl|Dr Shailaja Gaikwad|Manjiri Hete|Prasad Mahadkar}}
| writer = {{ubl|Ajit|Prashant Dalvi}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vikram Gokhale]]|[[Prateeksha Lonkar]]|[[Renuka Shahane]]|[[Sandeep Mehta]]|[[Neha Pendse]]}}
| music = {{ubl|[[Ashok Patki]]|Mangesh Dhakde}}
| cinematography =
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| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|05|02}}
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| language = Marathi
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| gross =
}}
'''''Dusari Goshta''''' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: दुसरी गोष्ट) is a 2014 [[Marathi-language]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] fictional [[biopic]] film by director [[Chandrakant Kulkarni]], based upon former Home minister [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]'s life, and tracking his journey from child to adult.<ref name="ToI 1"/><ref name="ToI 5">{{cite news |last1=Chawla |first1=Juhl |title=Dusari Goshta: Premiere |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/Dusari-Goshta-Premiere/videoshow/34538378.cms |accessdate=8 June 2014 |format=video news report |language=Marathi |work=[[Times of India]] |date=2 May 2014}}</ref> Initial plans were for the film to release on 1 May 2014, to coincide with the [[Maharashtra Day]] holiday,<ref name="ToI 6">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=Dusari Goshta to release on Maharashtra Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news-interviews/Dusari-Goshta-to-release-on-Maharashtra-Day/articleshow/34418630.cms |accessdate=8 June 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=30 April 2014}}</ref> and the film was released 2 May, in 200 theaters across [[Maharashtra]]. On 9 May, the film had a special screening in [[New Delhi]] at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] presidential residence for President of India [[Pranab Mukherjee]], and then Home minister Shinde.<ref name="ToI 7">{{cite news |last1=Deshmukh |first1=Gayatri |title=Dusari Goshta screened at Rashtrapati Bhavan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news-interviews/Dusari-Goshta-screened-at-Rashtrapati-Bhavan/articleshow/34871126.cms |accessdate=17 June 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=9 May 2014}}</ref>

==Background==
As early as 2011, it was announced that filmmaker Ravi Sinha had decided to make a film ''Me Sushil Kumar Shinde'' based on the life of the minister Sushilkumar Shinde. On 16 April 2014, it was announced that Kulkarni had actually done so and that the project had completed filming and was nearing release.<ref name="ToI 2">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=A biopic on Sushil Kumar Shinde? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news-interviews/Sushil-Kumar-Shinde-Chandrakant-Kulkarni-Ravi-Sinha-Me-Sushil-Kumar-Shinde-Jitendra-Joshi-Tukaram/articleshow/33822481.cms |accessdate=17 June 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=16 April 2014}}</ref> The film's trailer was then released on 22 April.<ref name="ToI 4">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=Dusari Goshta: Trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/Dusari-Goshta-Trailer/videoshow/34076222.cms |accessdate=17 June 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=22 April 2014}}</ref>

==Plot==
A young boy from the lower caste resorts to petty thefts to make both ends meet after he lost his father at the early age. Once the boy realizes the importance of an education, he begins to improve his life and never looks back. Through diligence and dedication, he climbs the social and political ladder to success.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Vikram Gokhale]]
* [[Prateeksha Lonkar]]
* [[Renuka Shahane]]
* [[Sandeep Mehta]]
* [[Neha Pendse]]
* [[Siddharth Chandekar]]
* Anand Ingle
* Aditya Ganu
* Bharati Patil
* Smita Sarvade
* Sunil Tawde
* Girish Joshi
* Mugdha Godbole
*Aafrid Shaikh
{{div col end}}

==Reception==
The ''[[Times of India]]'' noted the film's viewpoint shifting back and forth through time with the elderly Prasanna persona reflecting upon and reliving and reviving memories of his past and that, even with the character names being different from those of the real life personages being shown, the viewer has no doubt about whom the film is about. They concluded, "''Dusari Goshta'' excels in every department, be it Chandrakant's direction, Vikram-Sandeep-Siddharth's acting, the cinematography or art direction. It takes you through the political journey of many prominent politicians and events that change the course of India's political history."<ref name="ToI 1">{{cite news |last1=Bhanage |first1=Mihir |title=review: Dusari Goshta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/Dusari-Goshta-Vikram-Gokhale-Siddharth-Chandekar-Sandeep-Mehta-Neha-Pendse/movie-review/34540510.cms |accessdate=17 June 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=2 May 2014}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Giving it three stars, the ''Times of India'' praised the film's music, writing "The soundtrack of Dusari Goshta boasts of soulful melody and lyrics with deep meaning. With just two tracks, Dusari Goshta is an album for keeps."<ref name="ToI 3"/>

# ''Khelnare haat pai'', sung by [[Shankar Mahadevan]], with Vidit Patankar and Pallavi Aandev on backup vocals.
# ''Mani achanak hal le kahi'', sung by Mangesh Dhakde and Kirti Killedar

The ''Times of India'' wrote "Both songs are unique in their own way. While Khelnare... has Shankar dominating the track with his sombre vocals, the duet ballad 'Mani achanak....' is a soft number that is easy on the ears."<ref name="ToI 3">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=Music: Ashok Patki, Mangesh Dhakde Rating: *** |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/Dusari-Goshta/articleshow/34686902.cms |accessdate=17 June 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=8 May 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://jeevanganifilms.com}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/previews/Dusari-Goshta/articleshow/34376766.cms ''Dusari Goshta''] at ''[[Times of India]]''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dusari Goshta}}
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian political drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chandrakant Kulkarni]]
[[Category:Films about politicians]]
[[Category:2014 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 drama films]]

Vaira Nenjam

2026-03-04T04:50:40Z

Tijusacademyoet: rework article for consistency after review

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaira Nenjam
| image = Vaira Nenjam.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar]]
| writer = C. V. Sridhar
| producer = C. V. Sridhar
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Padmapriya]]
| cinematography = P. Rajagopal
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Chitralaya]]
| released = {{Film date|1975|11|02|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vaira Nenjam''''' ({{translation|Diamond heart}}) is a 1975 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]]<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Raman |first=Mohan |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=1–15 November 2008 |title=An auteur no more |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2014/otherstories.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213219/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2014/otherstories.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=17 June 2021 |magazine=[[Madras Musings]] |volume=XVIII}}</ref> written, directed and produced by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Padmapriya]], [[R. Muthuraman]] and [[K. Balaji]]. It is a remake of Sridhar's own 1973 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Gehri Chaal]]''. The film was released on 2 November 1975.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=July 2021}}

== Cast ==
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Ananth
*[[Padmapriya]] as Geetha
*[[R. Muthuraman]] as Shankar
*[[K. Balaji]] as Madhan
*[[Dhulipala]] as Dharmalingam
*[[C. I. D. Sakunthala]] as Shoba
*[[Sachu]] as Shanthi
*Aalam as a dancer

== Production ==
After the failure of his previous directorial ''[[Alaigal (film)|Alaigal]]'' (1973), Sridhar decided to make an action film with Ganesan in lead role after Sridhar felt audiences were being more receptive to action films than classic films.<ref name="alaigal" /> The film was titled ''Hero 72'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=22 November 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 43: 'அவசர நிலை'யில் ஒரு நாடகம்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/144709-43.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195826/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/144709-43.html |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=21 December 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 46: கமலின் விருதும் ரஜினியின் அன்பும் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/149804-46.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101111008/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/149804-46.html |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=4 May 2022 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> with Sridhar opting to make it a Tamil-Hindi bilingual, with [[Jeetendra]] starring in the Hindi version that was later titled ''[[Gehri Chaal]]''. Production on the Tamil version that was later titled ''Vaira Nenjam'' progressed slowly because of call sheet issues of Ganesan; ''Gehri Chaal'' was completed and released much earlier.<ref name="alaigal" /> In between the delays, Sridhar made ''[[Urimaikural]]'' (1974) starring [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=27 September 1992 |title=பெருந்தன்மைக்கு ஒரு எம்.ஜி.ஆர்! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-09-27/page/n57/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230129104052/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-09-27/page/n57/mode/2up |archive-date=29 January 2023 |access-date=16 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=56–57 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
All songs were composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and penned by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vaira Nenjam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M.S.Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/vaira-nenjam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630050010/https://mossymart.com/product/vaira-nenjam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> The song "Sentamizh Paadum" attained popularity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=ஜூன் 24: மங்கலச் சொற்களின் நயாகரா! – கவியரசர் கண்ணதாசன் 93-ம் பிறந்த நாள் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/561215-birthday-of-kavirasar-kannadasan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716114533/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/561215-birthday-of-kavirasar-kannadasan.html |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Oh My Sweety
| extra1 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| length1 = 4:43
| title2 = Sentamizh Paadum
| extra2 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[P. Susheela]]
| length2 = 3:30
| title3 = Neerada Neram
| extra3 = [[Vani Jairam]]
| length3 = 4:23
| title4 = Adi Karthigai Masamadi
| extra4 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[L. R. Eswari]]
| length4 = 4:47
| title5 = Ammaan Magan
| extra5 = L. R. Eswari
| length5 = 4:40
| total_length = 22:03
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Vaira Nenjam'' was released on 2 November 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=நடிகர் திலகம் சிவாஜி கணேசன் அவர்கள் நடித்த படங்களின் பட்டியல் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/sivaji-2.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814054109/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/sivaji-2.asp |archive-date=14 August 2016 |access-date=9 February 2023 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=171–180 |url=http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp18.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917013613/http://www.nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp18.htm |archive-date=17 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 |website=nadigarthilagam.com}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said the film, despite its title, was not lustrous like a real diamond.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=21 December 1975 |title=வைர நெஞ்சம் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1975/dec/21-12-1975/p55.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220727130202/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1975/dec/21-12-1975/p55.jpg |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=4 May 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=55 |language=ta}}</ref> Arthur Paris from ''Film World'' wrote, "The film has no soul, no life and is at once dull, pedestrian and moronic".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Paris |first=Arthur |year=1976 |title=Decline and Fall of Sridhar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1nZTAAAAYAAJ&q=Vaira |access-date=4 May 2022 |magazine=Film World |pages=8–9 |volume=12}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was successful only with B and C centre audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2019 |title=எம்ஜிஆர் 4, சிவாஜி 8, கமல் 10 – 75ம் வருட ப்ளாஷ்பேக் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/512470-mgr-sivaji-kamal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114073522/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/512470-mgr-sivaji-kamal.html |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="alaigal">{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=13 September 1992 |title=காலத்தின் சூழ்ச்சியில் ஹீரோ-72 |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-09-13/page/n55/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230221044232/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-09-13/page/n55/mode/2up |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=16 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=54–55 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1431186}}

{{C. V. Sridhar}}

[[Category:1970s action thriller films]]
[[Category:1975 Indian films]]
[[Category:1975 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1975 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Yuvatha

2026-03-03T21:55:32Z

Tijusacademyoet: New new pg

{{Short description|2008 film by Parasuram}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yuvatha
| image = Yuvatha Poster.jpg
| writer =
| starring = [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] [[Aksha Pardasany|Aksha]]
| director = [[Parasuram (director)|Parasuram]]
| cinematography = Jaswanth
| producer = Hari Tummala Uma Prakash
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| distributor = Worth Watching Entertainments
| country = India
| released = {{film date|2008|11|7|df=y}}
| language = Telugu
| gross = ₹3.5 crore [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2008 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2008/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref>
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
}}

'''''Yuvatha''''' ({{Translation|Youth}}) is a 2008 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama]] film directed by [[Parasuram (director)|Parasuram]] in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] and [[Aksha Pardasany|Aksha]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Nikhil-babu-comes-off-screen/article15357691.ece|title=Nikhil babu comes off-screen|date=10 December 2008|access-date=8 December 2021|website=Thehindu.com|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129194921/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Nikhil-babu-comes-off-screen/article15357691.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]] with cinematography by Jaswanth and editing by [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]. The film released on 7 November 2008 to positive reviews and was a commercial success.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vanaparthy Ranganath |date=31 December 2008 |title=Top 14 movies of Telugu cinema in 2008 |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/2008top14films.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2008 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2008/ |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=T2BLive |language=en-US |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904162158/https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2008/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
Babu (Nikhil Siddharth), an orphan raised by his uncle and aunt, believes that they have swindled his property. After an argument with his uncle, he leaves home and moves to Hyderabad to stay with his friends, whom he trusts. Babu is kindhearted and believes in spreading happiness. He accidentally meets Baby (Aksha), and they become good friends. Whenever she feels lonely, Babu and his three close friends—software engineer Ajay (Randhir Gattla), security guard Kiran (Utkam Rudhraksh), and assistant film director Subbu—cheer her up.

One day, during Baby’s birthday celebration, some goons harass her, and Babu confronts them. Later, they seek revenge, and in the ensuing clash, Subbu suffers severe injuries. The doctor demands ₹5 [[lakh]] for his surgery, prompting Babu to borrow money from a moneylender named Laddu (Narsing Yadav) on the condition that he repays it within a week. However, they fail to gather the required amount and request two more days. To arrange the money, Babu and Ajay attempt to rob a bank but get framed for a crime they did not commit. They suspect Kiran's involvement in setting them up and end up in jail.

While in prison, Babu befriends the jailer (Jaya Prakash Reddy) and a notorious criminal, Nannanna (Sayaji Shinde). Meanwhile, a gangster named Sonu Seth (Jeeva) intervenes and secures their release. Babu and his friends soon discover that a criminal named Nayeem was actually behind the bank robbery. Suspecting a link between Nannanna and Nayeem, Babu seeks his help, and Nannanna agrees. Eventually, the court rules that Nayeem is the real culprit.

Babu, Ajay, and Kiran surrender themselves along with the stolen money in court. However, since they had previously escaped from jail, they are sentenced to six months in prison. The film concludes on a happy note with the reunion of the four friends and Baby.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nikhil Siddhartha]] as Veerababu "Babu"
* [[Aksha Pardasany|Aksha]] as Divya "Baby"
* [[Randhir Gattla]] as Ajay
* Utkam Rudhraksh as Kiran
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Nannanna
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Ghanta Babu
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Jailer
* [[Narsing Yadav]] as Laddu
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Gandhi
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Sonu Seth
* [[Pruthviraj Balireddy|Prudhviraj]] as Krishna Manohar
* [[Ravi Mariya]] as Nayeem
* [[Ravi Prakash]] as Doctor
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Constable
* [[Shankar Melkote]] as Loan Agent
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Home Minister
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as House owner, Madhavi's father
* [[Krishnudu]] as Suribabu (special appearance)
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yuvatha
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = Album Cover
| released = {{film date|df=y|2008|8|21}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| length = 23:27
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Mani Sharma]]
| prev_title = [[Parugu]]
| prev_year = 2008
| next_title = [[Hero (2008 film)|Hero]]
| next_year = 2008
}}

The music of Yuvatha was released on 21 August 2008 at Jouk Pub, [[Banjara Hills]], [[Hyderabad]]. [[Aditya Music]] marketed the audio, with six songs. Producer and distributor [[Dil Raju]] released the audio CD and presented the first number to Hari, one of the producers. [[Bhaskar (director)|Bommarillu Bhaskar]] unveiled the audio cassette and gave it to director Parasuram.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-yuvatha.html |title=Yuvatha music launch - Telugu cinema - Nikhil & Aksha |website=Idlebrain.com |date=2008-08-21 |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=30 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630103945/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-yuvatha.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The music and background score was composed by [[Mani Sharma]] and all the lyrics were penned by [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yuvatha - All Songs - Download or Listen Free |website=Saavn.com |url=https://www.saavn.com/album/yuvatha/Vlt,eNMoJho_ |access-date=1 November 2018 |date=21 August 2008 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102170913/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/yuvatha/Vlt,eNMoJho_ |url-status=live }}</ref> The song "Eelesi Nuvvu" was a remake of Sharma's previous song "Aadungada Yennai Suththi" from ''[[Pokkiri]]'' (2007). The tune of the song "Yevarunnarani Neekaina" was reused by Sharma in ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' (2009) as "Kadavulum Kadhalum".

{{tracklist|
|extra_column=Singer(s)
|headline = Track-List
|total_length=23:27
|title1=Yuvatha Yuvatha|extra1=[[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Rahul Nambiar]], Naveen |length1= 3:58
|title2=Yevarunnarani Neekaina|extra2=[[Vedala Hemachandra|Hemachandra]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]|length2=5:09
|title3=Eelesi Nuvvu|extra3=Naveen|length3=4:28
|title4=Kotikokatila Ammayi|extra4= Ranjith, [[Rita Thyagarajan|Rita]]| length4=5:26
|title5=Maa Vooremo Cinna|extra5= [[Khushi Murali|Murali]], [[Malathy Lakshman|Malathi]]|length5=4:26
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''123telugu'' wrote that the film is a "decent entertainer and a good one time watch".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/Y/Yuvatha/Yuvatha_review.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 January 2023 |archive-date=20 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120092750/https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/Y/Yuvatha/Yuvatha_review.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1735236}}

{{Parasuram}}

[[Category:2008 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Films directed by Parasuram]]

Bangara s/o Bangarada Manushya

2026-03-03T21:20:46Z

Tijusacademyoet: small expand citations per sources additionally and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bangara s/o Bangarada Manushya
| image = Bangara s-o Bangarada Manushya.jpg
| director = Yogi G. Raj
| producer = Jayanna Bhogendra
| writer = Yogi G. Raj
| starring = [[Shiva Rajkumar]] [[Vidya Pradeep]]
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cinematography = Jai Anand
| editing = Deepu S. Kumar
| studio = Jayanna Combines
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|05|19}}<ref>[https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/bangara-so-bangaradha-manushya/ET00057106 Bangara-SO-Bangaradha Manushya]</ref>
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Bangara s/o Bangarada Manushya''''' ({{langx|en|Gold, son of golden man}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by Yogi G. Raj and produced by Jayanna and Bhogendra under Jayanna Combines.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bangara-s/0-bangarada-manushya-first-look-revealed/articleshow/57203004.cms|title=Bangara S/0 Bangarada Manushya first look revealed|work=The Times of India}}</ref> It features [[Shiva Rajkumar]] and [[Vidya Pradeep]], making her debut in Kannada films, in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2016/vidya-pradeep-to-debut-in-kannada-through-son-of-bangarada-manushya-217529.html|title=Vidya Pradeep To Debut In SRK's 'S/O Bangarada Manushya'!|publisher=Filmibeat.com|date=28 February 2017}}</ref> Whilst the [[soundtrack]] and [[film score|score]] is by [[V. Harikrishna]], the cinematography is by Jai Anand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/feb/23/bangara-teaser-made-for-shivanna-fans-1573623.html|title=Bangara... teaser made for Shivanna fans|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=23 February 2017}}</ref>

The film was officially launched on 15 January 2016 and its first teaser was out on the [[Shivaratri]] festival day. The first trailer was released on 24 March 2017 alongside his brother [[Puneeth Rajkumar]]'s new film ''[[Raajakumara]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14509-bangara-son-of-bangarada-manushya-trailer-released.html|title=Bangara — Son Of Bangarada Manushya Trailer Released|publisher=Chitraloka|date=25 March 2017}}</ref> The filming took place in [[Bengaluru]], [[Mandya]] and [[Milan]] and released on 19 May 2017.<ref name="filmibeat">{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/bangara-son-of-bangaradha-manushya.html|title = Bangara Son of Bangaradha Manushya (2017) | Bangara Son of Bangaradha Manushya Movie | Bangara Son of Bangaradha Manushya (Bangara S/O Bangaradha Manushya) Kannada Movie Cast & Crew, Release Date, Review, Photos, Videos}}</ref>

It was reported that the strategy used by the protagonist in this movie – to start a unique farmer agitation by curtailing the supplies of vegetables to the cities, which forces the chief minister to come to them and directly negotiate with them without any mediator – went on to inspire the farmers' protest in Maharashtra where they curtailed the supply of vegetables, fruits and milk to cities such as Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/bangara-inspires-farmers-agitation-in-maharashtra/articleshow/58949418.cms|title = 'Bangara' inspires farmers' agitation in Maharashtra}}</ref>

It was also reported that according to [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] ratings for Week 45 (November 4 to 10, 2017), the World Television Premiere of this movie had resulted in a spike of slot viewership of [[Udaya TV]] by 25% in comparison to average viewership ratings of previous four weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/barc-wk-45movies-from-south-spike-viewership-of-hindi-channels-87298.html|title = BARC Wk 45: Movies from south spike viewership of Hindi channels - Exchange4media}}</ref>

==Plot==
Shivaraj is a wealthy businessman who has no feelings towards relationships. Nayana falls for him and joins his company, but he never reciprocates her feelings. He reveals to her that he hates relationships and the word "tomorrow" because one day, his father said tomorrow he would return, but he never did. He learns from Nayana's father that his father (Dr. Rajkumar) had dedicated his life to farmers. He also does the same and succeeds. But he falls unconscious on his self-created "Farmers Day". He says that the day he was talking to Nayana, he had a small accident and discovered that he had cancer which cannot be treated. So he always kept rejecting Nayana. As the film ends, everybody cries, including Nayana, who says that she knew about his cancer.

==Cast==
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as Shivaraj
* [[Vidya Pradeep]] as Nayana
* [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as Doctor in guest appearance
* [[Shivaram]]
* [[Chikkanna]]
* Vishal Hegde
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Srinivasa Murthy]]
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Minister
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]

== Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bangara s/o Bangarada Manushya
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 24 April 2017
| recorded = 2016–2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = V. Harikrishna
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[V. Harikrishna]] was signed to compose the film's music and collaborated with director Yogi G. Raj for the first time.<ref>[https://www.indiaglitz.com/bangara-songs-arrived-lahari-release-audio-kannada-news-184164.html Bangara songs arrived, Lahari release audio]. Indiaglitz.com (25 April 2017). Retrieved on 26 April 2017.</ref> The soundtrack was released on 24 April 2017, coinciding with the birth anniversary of the veteran actor [[Dr. Rajkumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/component/tags/tag/3560-bangara-s-o-bangarada-manusya.html|title=Bangara - Son Of Bangarada Manushya Songs On Dr Raj's Birthday|publisher=Chitraloka.com|accessdate=26 April 2017}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics_Credits = yes
| total_length =
| title1 = Aakasha Modalinda
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Neeli Neeli
| lyrics2 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Innu Kaayalaare
| lyrics3 = [[A. P. Arjun]]
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Priya Himesh]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Ondanondu Ooralli
| lyrics4 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra4 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Thenege Thene
| lyrics5 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra5 = [[Chintan Vikas]]
| length5 =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=6926436}}
* {{facebook|Bangara s/o Bangaradha Manushya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bangara s o Bangarada Manushya}}
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 action drama films]]
[[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]
[[Category:Films shot in Milan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films about farmers]]
[[Category:Films set in Milan]]
[[Category:Indian films about cancer]]

Warangal Multi Super Speciality Hospital

2026-03-03T15:22:42Z

Tijusacademyoet: New bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Warangal Multi Super Speciality Hospital
| org_group = Government of Telangana
| image =
| caption = Government Multi Super Speciality Hospital, Warangal
| pushpin_map =
| logo = 
| location =
| region = [[Warangal]]
| state = Telangana
| country = India
| coordinates =
| healthcare = Public
| type = Full-service medical center, referral, and teaching hospital
| speciality =
| standards =
| emergency =
| affiliation =
| beds = 2000
| founded =
| closed =
| website =
| other_links =
}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Warangal super speciality hospital
| native_name = వరంగల్ సూపర్ స్పెషాలిటీ హాస్పిటల్
| image =
| image_size = 10mb
| caption = Under construction
| alternate_names = New MGM
| location = Warangal
| address = Warangal
| latd =
| longd =
| highest_prev =
| highest_next =
| construction_start_date = {{start date and age|2021}}
| completion_date = 2024
| inauguration_date =
| building_type =
| antenna_spire =
| roof =
| top_floor = 24-floor
| floor_count = 24
| elevator_count =
| architectural_style =
| cost = 12 billion
| floor_area = 24 floors
| architect = L&T
| structural_engineer =
| main_contractor = L&T
| developer =
| owner = [[Government of Telangana]]
| operator =
| references =
}}

'''Warangal Multi Super Speciality Hospital''' is an under construction 24-floor government-owned super speciality hospital in [[Warangal]], Telangana, India. Foundation stone was laid in June 2021 by [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao]], then Chief Minister of Telangana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/warangal-to-get-33-storied-hospital-to-tower-over-hyd/articleshow/83733350.cms|title=Warangal to get 33-floor hospital, to tower over Hyderabad | Hyderabad News – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=22 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/telangana-warangal-urban-district-renamed-hanamkonda-7370317/|title=Telangana: Warangal Urban district renamed Hanamkonda, CM says 33-floor hospital in region soon|date=22 June 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|17.9959|79.5919|display=title}}
{{Warangal topics}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Telangana]]
[[Category:Warangal]]

{{Telangana-stub}}

Solla Thudikuthu Manasu

2026-03-03T05:12:04Z

Tijusacademyoet: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Solla Thudikuthu Manasu
| image = Solla Thudikuthu Manasu.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[B. Lenin]]
| producer = J. Ravi
| story = [[Prathap K. Pothan]]
| screenplay = B. Lenin [[K. Rajeshwar|Soma Sundareshwar]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]|[[Priya (actress)|Priyasri]]}}
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[B. Kannan]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = Maruthi Movie Arts
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1988|02|19}}
| country = India
| runtime = 130 minutes
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Solla Thudikuthu Manasu''''' ({{translation|My heart is yearning to say this}}) is a 1988 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[romance film]], directed by [[B. Lenin]], starring [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] and newcomer [[Priya (actress)|Priyasri]]. The film was released on 19 February 1988.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solla thudikkuthu manasu ( 1988 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=solla%20thudikkuthu%20manasu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017122906/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=solla%20thudikkuthu%20manasu |archive-date=17 October 2013 |access-date=18 May 2012 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Thillainathan, a young graduate, leaves his village for an interview. He gets the job at a bank, then finds a place to live and falls in love with Jeyakodi. His favourite singer, his favourite poet and his favourite politician all come, one by one, to see him in his new house. Thillainathan is amazed by the words of his mentor's about somebody named Thenmozhi. So he decides to find this unknown woman: Thenmozhi. With his sidekick, he tries to find her, but they cannot find her.

At his pre-marriage ceremony, his detective friend says that he has found Thenmozhi; so he goes there to see her. But it isn't her and he is attacked by some goons. His wedding is then cancelled, he is fired from his job at the bank, and is also expelled from his house. He finds evidence at his house that suggests that Thenmozhi is in fact Jeyakodi. He goes to her house and her office but she isn't to be found anywhere. Thillainathan returns to his village but his father doesn't consider him his son any more. Pichamuthu, his friend whose wife had eloped, is dead, and his wife's new husband helps Thillainathan find a job.

Thillainathan gets a new job. He later goes to a musical show, where he sees Jeyakodi dancing with the famous singer Vasudevan. When he talks to her after the show, she tells him that she is not Jeyakodi and that she is married to Vasudevan. Thillainathan attempts to commit suicide. At the hospital, Vasudevan confirms that she is in fact Thenmozhi. The doctor asks Vasudevan to find a person who had AB+ blood group in order to save Thillainathan. Jeyakodi offers to give her blood but refuses when she finds out that the patient is her ex-lover. At this moment Thenmozhi makes an entrance. They are all shocked to see the remarkable resemblance between Jeyakodi and Thenmozhi. Jeyakodi gives blood to her ex-lover and saves him. She and Thillainathan finally decide to get married.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as P. G. Thillainathan
*[[Priya (actress)|Priyasri]] as Jeyakodi / Thenmozhi
*[[Charle]] as Ramankutty
*[[Dilip (Tamil actor)|Dilip]] as Pichamuthu
*[[Malaysia Vasudevan]] as Sivashankar
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Keesan
*[[Radha Ravi]] as Vasudevan
*[[C. R. Parthiban]] as Khan
*[[T. S. Raghavendra]]
*[[Bindu Ghosh]]
}}

==Production==
The film's story was Pratap Pothan while the screenplay and dialogues were by Soma Sundareshwar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 1986 |title=சொல்ல துடிக்குது மனசு |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP372-6-23-10-210 |access-date=11 July 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>
== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solla Thudikkuthu Manasu Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/solla-thudikkuthu-manasu-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729091711/https://mossymart.com/product/solla-thudikkuthu-manasu-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Solla Thudikuthu Manasu (1988) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/solla-thudikuthu-manasu-songs-T0000249 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230908095211/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/solla-thudikuthu-manasu-songs-T0000249 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |access-date=8 September 2023 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Poove Sem Poove" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Gourimanohari]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.2 இசைக்கலை |url=http://www.tamilvu.org/ta/courses-degree-c031-c0312-html-c03122l2-17484 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205033508/http://www.tamilvu.org/ta/courses-degree-c031-c0312-html-c03122l2-17484 |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=15 November 2018 |website=Tamil Virtual Academy |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2018 |title=Here's a look-back at 10 popular Tamil songs of K J Yesudas |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/2018/05/20/popular-tamil-songs-kj-yesudas.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614051552/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/2018/05/20/popular-tamil-songs-kj-yesudas.html |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> while "Then Mozhi" is set in [[Bageshri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=பத்மவிபூஷண் 'இசை' ராஜா |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/padmavibhushan_ilayaraja/songs.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801011145/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/padmavibhushan_ilayaraja/songs.php |archive-date=1 August 2018 |access-date=9 January 2019 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The flute portions in "Poove Sem Poove" were performed by [[Arunmozhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2021 |title=புல்லாங்குழலில் இருந்து தேன்குரலாய்… இளையராஜா சூட்டிய அந்தப் பெயர்…! |url=https://vellithirai.news/news/2584-a-journey-of-flute-master-to-a-singer-arunmozhi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321195715/https://vellithirai.news/news/2584-a-journey-of-flute-master-to-a-singer-arunmozhi.html |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=Vellithirai News |language=Ta}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s)!! Lyrics !!Duration
|-
| "Kuyilukoru" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || Ponnadiyan || 4:36
|-
| "Enathu Vizhi" || [[P. Jayachandran|Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]] || [[Na. Kamarasan]] || 4:27
|-
| "Poove Sem Poove" (male) || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || rowspan=2|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaalee]] || 5:23
|-
| "Poove Sem Poove" (female) || [[Sunanda (singer)|Sunanda]] || 5:37
|-
| "Then Mozhi" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || [[Gangai Amaran]] || 5:15
|-
| "Vayakatti Vayathakatti" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Mu. Metha]] || 4:35
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1988 Indian films]]
[[Category:1988 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. Lenin]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Rajeshwar]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Dejavu (2022 film)

2026-03-03T02:39:55Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting article...

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dejavu
| image = Dejavu 2022 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Arvindh Srinivasan
| writer = Arvindh Srinivasan
| producer = K. Vijay Pandi [[P. G. Muthiah]]
| starring = [[Arulnithi]] [[Madhoo]] [[Achyuth Kumar]] [[Smruthi Venkat]]
| cinematography = [[P. G. Muthiah]]
| editing = Arul E Siddharth
| music = [[Ghibran]]
| studio = White Carpet Films PG Media Works
| distributor = South India
| released = {{film date|2022|07|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 118 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Dejavu''''' is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language [[mystery film|mystery]] [[thriller film]] directed by Arvindh Srinivasan in his directoral debut and it is produced by K. Vijay Pandi and [[P. G. Muthiah]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2021 |title=Arulnithi to play an investigating officer in Dejavu |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/20/arulnithi-to-play-an-investigating-officer-in-dejavu-25596.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721052932/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/20/arulnithi-to-play-an-investigating-officer-in-dejavu-25596.html |archive-date=21 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |publisher=Cinema Express |ref=Cinema Express}}</ref> The film stars [[Arulnithi]], [[Madhoo]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], and [[Smruthi Venkat]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2022 |title='Dejavu' to get a Hindi remake |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dejavu-to-get-a-hindi-remake/articleshow/92997224.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724045033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dejavu-to-get-a-hindi-remake/articleshow/92997224.cms |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2022 |title=Arulnithi: Not many senior filmmakers have approached me |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2022/jul/21/arulnithi-not-many-senior-filmmakers-have-approached-me-32913.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722075629/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2022/jul/21/arulnithi-not-many-senior-filmmakers-have-approached-me-32913.html |archive-date=22 July 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The film was released theatrically on 22 July 2022 and received mixed reviews from critics and audience, and became a box office success.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} The film was partially shot in Telugu as ''Repeat'' with [[Naveen Chandra]] replacing [[Arulnithi]], which was directly released on [[Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=Telugu Film 'Repeat' OTT Release Date, Platform Finally Out! |url=https://www.binged.com/news/telugu-film-repeat-ott-release-date-platform-finally-out/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{Long plot|date=November 2022}}
In this gripping narrative, Subramani, a novelist, experiences an extraordinary series of events when his fictional writings begin to manifest in reality. After being mocked by police for claiming fictional characters are threatening him, he becomes entangled in a complex mystery when his writings about a woman named Pooja's kidnapping seemingly predict actual events1. The incident attracts the attention of DGP Asha Pramod, whose own daughter Pooja has been kidnapped, turning the investigation personal and raising questions about Subramani's potential extrasensory perception.

As the plot unfolds, it is revealed that Subramani and his son Rahul, along with allies, orchestrated an elaborate plan to expose a year-old cold case involving the brutal rape and murder of a woman named Janani. They strategically recreate the kidnapping to draw media attention and reveal the truth about corrupt police officials, including Asha, who had previously covered up the crimes of an influential minister's son. The story culminates in a dramatic resolution where ACP Vikram, who is actually Janani's boyfriend, exposes Asha's corruption, leading to her ultimate downfall and suicide, driven by guilt and the exposure of her heinous actions.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Arulnithi]] as ACP Vikram Kumar(Fake) / Arun(Original)
* [[Madhoo]] as DGP Asha Pramod
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Novelist Subramani (voice dubbed by [[M. S. Bhaskar]])
* [[Smruthi Venkat]] as Pooja, Asha's daughter
* Maria Vincent as Janani
* Ragav Vijay as Ravi and Rahul (dual role)
* [[Kaali Venkat]] as Constable Ezhumalai
* [[Mime Gopi]] as ACP
* [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] as Chetan, Asha's PA
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Constable N. Divakar Bala
* Yalini Rajan as Anitha, Pooja's best friend
* Surjith Kumar as Kishore, Pooja's colleague
* Girija as Ramya, Pooja's colleague
* Joseph as Siddharth, MLA's son
* [[KPY Bala]]
}}

== Production==
In November 2020, the film's shooting started. Due to [[COVID-19]], the shoot of the film was postponed and finally completed in June 2021.

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
The title of the film and the first look poster of the film were unveiled by director [[Venkat Prabhu]], [[M. Sasikumar]] in his [[Twitter]] account on 21 July 2021. In January 2022, the film's teaser was released by [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]]. The movie was announced to be released on 22 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulnithi's Dejavu to hit screens on July 22 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/06/10/arulnithis-dejavu-to-hit-screens-on-july-22 |access-date=11 June 2022 |website=www.dtnext.in |publisher=DT Next}}{{dead link|date=November 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dejavu Movie Review: Dejavu, a crime thriller fails to live up to expectations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dejavu/movie-review/93034249.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729003818/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dejavu/movie-review/93034249.cms |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=Dejavu Movie Review: Logic goes for a toss in this rudderless thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/jul/22/dejavu-movie-reviewlogic-goes-for-a-toss-in-this-rudderless-thriller-32979.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801061534/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/jul/22/dejavu-movie-reviewlogic-goes-for-a-toss-in-this-rudderless-thriller-32979.html |archive-date=1 August 2022 |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Colors TV]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}

== Reception ==
The film received mixed reactions. Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2.0 out of 5 stars and stated that "Arulnithi's effort to try something inventive is laudable, but Dejavu is certainly not a film you can experience more than once."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dejavu Movie Review : Dejavu, a crime thriller fails to live up to expectations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dejavu/movie-review/93034249.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' after reviewing the film stated that "As far as a thriller goes, Dejavu manages to impress to a large extent and leaves hardly any room for complaints."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=Déjà vu review: Arulnithi-starrer investigative thriller checks all the boxes and never wastes audience's time |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/dj-vu-review-arulnithi-starrer-is-a-decent-thriller-that-checks-all-the-boxes-101658486231278.html |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15097330}}

[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:2022 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]

Ishq-e-Nadaan

2026-03-02T04:34:39Z

Tijusacademyoet: adding data

{{short description|2023 Indian drama film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ishq-e-Nadaan
| image = Ishq-e-Nadaan film poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Avishek Ghosh
| writer = Sudeep Nigam
| producer = [[Jyoti Deshpande]] Avishek Ghosh
| starring = [[Lara Dutta]] [[Neena Gupta]] [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]] [[Suhail Nayyar]] [[Mohit Raina]] [[Kanwaljeet Singh (actor)|Kanwaljeet Singh]]
| cinematography = Gairik Sarkar
| editing = Dnyanada Samarth
| music = Raja Narayan Deb Gulraj Singh
| runtime = 106 minutes
| distributor = [[JioCinema]]
| studio = Jio Studios AVMA Media
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|07|14}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
}}

'''''Ishq-e-Nadaan''''' ({{Translation|Innocent Love}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[drama]] film directed by Avishek Ghosh<ref>{{Cite web |title='Ishq-e-Nadaan' To Premiere On Jio Cinema On This Date|url=https://www.binged.com/news/ishq-e-nadaan-to-premiere-on-jio-cinema-on-this-date/|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Binged|date=4 July 2023 }}</ref> on his directorial debut. It stars [[Lara Dutta]], [[Neena Gupta]], [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]], [[Mohit Raina]], [[Kanwaljeet Singh (actor)|Kanwaljeet Singh]], [[Suhail Nayyar]] and [[Mrinal Dutt]] with an ensemble cast.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The film premiered directly at [[JioCinema]] on 14 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishq-e-Nadaan gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2023/jul/04/ishq-e-nadaan-gets-a-release-date-45255.html|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Cinema Express |date=4 July 2023 |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lara Dutta, Neena Gupta's 'Ishq-e-nadaan' to be out on this date|url=https://theprint.in/feature/lara-dutta-neena-guptas-ishq-e-nadaan-to-be-out-on-this-date/1654747/|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=The Print|date=4 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lara Dutta, Neena Gupta's 'Ishq-e-nadaan' to be out on this date|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/lara-dutta-neena-guptas-ishq-e-nadaan-to-be-out-on-this-date-522737|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=The Tribune}}</ref>

== Plot ==
"The heartwarming romance story, situated in a bustling city, follows the experiences of its characters through friendship and unwavering love."<ref>{{Cite web |title=
Lara Dutta, Neena Gupta's 'Ishq-e-nadaan' to be out on this date|url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/273888064/lara-dutta-neena-gupta-ishq-e-nadaan-to-be-out-on-this-date|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Big News Network}}</ref> The film is a culmination of three parallel stories with the common theme of unconventional love and Mumbai city itself.

A luxury hotel front-desk staff, ''Ashutosh'', is a single father who falls in love for a successful businesswoman, ''Ramona'', who frequently stays in the hotel. Even though his new developing feelings don't find reciprocation, as ''Ramona'' turned out to be lesbian and was using the hotel to secretly meet her lover, ''Ashutosh'' understands there situation and encourages Ramona to be more open about her love to the world. Between all this, he applies for a lucky draw organised by the hotel chain and wins a trip to ''[[Rome]]'' to try ''[[Gelato]]'' and see if life still has any surprise left for him.

The second story is of a pregnant girl, ''Siya'', who returns to Mumbai from US after leaving her partner and architecture firm based job. She stumbles upon ''Piyush'', a well mannered boy, and his mother after fainting due to pregnancy and Mumbai heat . He goes for arranged dates every weekend and gets rejected, when he tells how he is frustrated with the rat-race of corporate life and would be happy to be a house husband. With time, Siya and Piyush get closer and he proposes. The father of the child arrives and some misunderstandings take place. Eventually, she gets in labour and both the guys come to the hospital. The conflict resolves and she and Piyush stay together.

The third story is of an old woman, ''Charulata'' from Indore who visits her daughter in Mumbai, and finds a eccentric filmmaker, ''Subhash'' residing in the same complex. Initially hesitant by his behaviour, she gradually starts enjoying his company. She shares to him that once she visited Rome with her husband and met a man, whom she shared everything in her heart in a cafe. Even though they never meet again, she continues to receive a poem from him every year on her birthday. Convinced by Subhash, she sets on to find the man, who she learns has died four years ago and instructed her daughter to continue sending the letters.

The stories connect in a way such that ''Ashutosh'' was that man who sent the poems after his trip to Rome to ''Charulata'', and his daughter grew up to be the pregnant girl from the second story, ''Siya''.

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|
* [[Lara Dutta]] as Ramona Singh
* [[Neena Gupta]] as Charulata
* [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]] as Siya
* [[Mohit Raina]] as Ashutosh
* [[Suhail Nayyar]] as Piyush
* [[Kanwaljeet Singh (actor)|Kanwaljeet Singh]] as Subhash Kapoor
* [[Mrinal Dutt]] as Raghav
* Samvedna Suwalka as Meenakshi Acharya
* Anshu Varshney
* [[Deepika Amin]] as Rekha
* Gaurav Sharma as Mahesh Acharya
* [[Pankhuri Gidwani]]
* Manmeet Singh Sawhney as Satpal Singh}}

==Production==
The film started in 2021 and was wrapped in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shriya Pilgaonkar completes the shoot of Ishq-e-nadaan|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/shriya-pilgaonkar-completes-the-shoot-of-ishq-e-nadaan-401988|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=The Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohit Raina, Neena Gupta, Lara Dutta, Kanwaljit Singh join forces for Ishq E Nadaan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/neena-gupta-mohit-raina-lara-dutta-kanwaljit-singh-join-forces-for-ishq-e-nadaan-7955546/|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=The Indian Express|date=6 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Neena Gupta, Mohit Raina, Lara Dutta, and others wrap up 'Ishq-E-Nadaan'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/neena-gupta-mohit-raina-lara-dutta-and-others-wrap-up-ishq-e-nadaan|access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Free Press Journal}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt20872920}}

[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Jio Studios films]]

Mansi Srivastava

2026-02-28T00:10:00Z

Tijusacademyoet:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mansi Srivastava
| image = Mansi Srivastava in 2020.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Srivastava in 2020
| birth_date = 21 September 1990<ref name="birthday">{{Cite news |title=Surbhi Chandna, Shrenu Parikh and other Ishqbaaz girls celebrate Mansi Srivastava's birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/surbhi-chandna-shrenu-parikh-and-other-ishqbaaz-girls-celebrate-mansi-srivastavas-birthday/articleshow/71234741.cms |website=The Times of India |date=21 September 2019 |language=en |access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| known for = {{ubl|''[[Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori Se]]''|''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''|''[[Dil Boley Oberoi]]''|''[[Ishqbaaaz]]''}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Kapil Tejwani|2022}}
| years_active = 2012–present
}}

'''Mansi Srivastava''' (born 21 September 1990) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi television. She is widely recognised for her portrayal of Bhavya Rathore Singh Oberoi in ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]'' and its spin-off series, ''[[Dil Boley Oberoi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/ishqbaaz-and-dil-bole-oberoi-will-be-merging-both-shows-need-each-other-producer-gul|title=Ishqbaaz and Dil Bole Oberoi will be merging, both shows need each other: Producer Gul Khan|website=Pinkvilla|date=30 June 2017|access-date=2017-07-09|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331065546/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/ishqbaaz-and-dil-bole-oberoi-will-be-merging-both-shows-need-each-other-producer-gul|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Srivastava made her acting debut in 2012 with ''[[Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year]]'' and had her first lead role as Shivani Rana Seharia in ''[[Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori Se]]''. She is also known for playing Prerna Bhardwarj in ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'', Sonakshi Raichand in ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]'' and Dimpi Dalmiya in ''[[Saavi Ki Savaari]]''. In 2020, she made her web debut with ''[[Ratri Ke Yatri (web series)|Ratri Ke Yatri]]'' and has appeared in the series, ''Swaanng''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130813014222/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-04/tv/41056896_1_zee-tv-raghu-dil-bandhe-ek-dori "Arhaan Behll & Mansi Shrivastav in Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori"]. ''The Times of India'' Retrieved 24 September 2019</ref>

== Early life ==
Srivastava was born on 21 September 1990, into a [[Hindu]] family, in [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]].<ref name="birthday" />

==Career==
===Debut and early roles (2012-2016)===
Srivastava made her acting debut in 2012, playing Jasleen Guggal in ''[[Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year]]''. In 2012, she also appeared as Payal Verma in an episode of ''[[Arjun (TV series)|Arjun]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rao|first=Kshama|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/suvreen-guggal-topper-of-the-year/932988/|title=Suvreen Guggal, Topper of the Year|date=6 April 2012|website=The Indian Express|accessdate=13 October 2012}}</ref> In 2013, she played Heer Singh Rathore in ''[[Rab Se Sohna Isshq]]'' opposite Anuj Thakur.<ref name="DNA India">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rab-ses-heer-finalised-as-the-lead-of-dori-se-1860599 |title=Rab Se's' Heer aka Manasi Srivastava finalised as the lead of ...Dori Se|work=DNA India |accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref>

From 2013 to 2014, Srivastava played Shivani Rana Seharia, opposite [[Arhaan Behll]] in ''[[Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori Se]]''. The show became her breakthrough.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityairnews.com/content/mansi-srivastav-chosen-lead-arhaan-behl-zee-tv%E2%80%99s-upcoming-show-do-dil-bandhe-ek-dori-se%E2%80%99|title=MANSI Srivastav chosen as lead with Arhaan Behl in Zee TV's show Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori Se |website=City Air News|access-date=2019-07-27|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004030430/https://cityairnews.com/content/mansi-srivastav-chosen-lead-arhaan-behl-zee-tv%E2%80%99s-upcoming-show-do-dil-bandhe-ek-dori-se%E2%80%99|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, she played Goddess [[Parvati]] in ''[[Neeli Chatri Waale]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2015 |title=Mansi Srivastava joins 'Neeli Chhatri Wale' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mansi-srivastava-joins-neeli-chhatri-wale/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2013 and 214, she also appeared in the films, ''Dreamz: The Movie'' and ''Man in Progress''.

In 2015, Srivastava first played Shatabdi "Khushbu" Joshi in ''[[Peterson Hill]]'' and then appeared in an episode of ''[[Darr Sabko Lagta Hai]]''. In 2016, she played Dr. Prerna Bhardwarj in ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' opposite [[Manish Raisinghan]]. In the same yea, she appeared in an episode of ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'', ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]'' and ''[[MTV Big F]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Mansi Srivastava turns boy for 'Yeh Hai Aashiqui' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mansi-srivastava-turns-boy-for-yeh-hai-aashiqui/ |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

===Success with ''Ishqbaaaz'' (2017-2021)===
In 2017, Srivastava played ACP Bhavya in Indian television's first [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] series, ''[[Dil Boley Oberoi]]'' opposite [[Leenesh Mattoo]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=The promo of India's first spin off tv series 'Dil Bole Oberoi' is here and it looks very promising |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-first-promo-of-dil-bole-oberoi-is-here-and-it-looks-very-promising/articleshow/56806340.cms|website=Times of India |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> From 2017 to 2018, Srivastava played Bhavya Rathore Singh Oberoi opposite Leenesh Mattoo in ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]''. The show proved to be a major success for her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-video-after-confirming-surbhi-chandna-aka-anika-s-exit-gul-khan-now-bids-good-bye-to-the-super-six-of-ishqbaaz-2688890|title=Producer Gul Khan bids good-bye to the 'Super Six' of Ishqbaaz|website=Daily News and Analysis |date=24 November 2018 |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> In 2018, she played episodic roles in the shows, ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'' and ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''.

In 2019, she played Lavanya in ''[[Divya Drishti]]''. Later the year, she appeared in a short film ''Love By Chance'', playing Meera. In 2020, she first played Mehak Verma in ''[[Vidya (TV series)|Vidya]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mansi Srivastava joins the cast of Colors TV's Vidya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mansi-srivastava-joins-the-cast-of-vidya/articleshow/74223489.cms |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=20 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Srivastava then made her web debut with ''[[Ratri Ke Yatri (web series)|Ratri Ke Yatri]]'', playing Naina opposite [[Iqbal Khan (actor)|Iqbal Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ott-platforms-blessing-actors-says-cast-hungama-plays-upcoming-anthology-series-ratri-ke-yatri/|title="OTT platforms are a blessing for actors", says the cast of Hungama Play's upcoming anthology series, Ratri Ke Yatri|date=13 July 2020|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

From 2020 to 2021, she played Ahana in ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2]]''. In 2021, Srivastava played Sonakshi Raichand in ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]'' opposite [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]]. In the same year, she appeared in the short film ''Favourite Chai'', playing Gayatri.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mansi Srivastava to join the cast of Kundali Bhagya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mansi-srivastava-to-join-the-cast-of-kundali-bhagya/articleshow/84269489.cms |access-date=25 November 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=9 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

===Recent work (2022-present)===
Srivastava appeared in two web series in 2022. She first played Preeti in ''Swaanng'' and then played Riya Bajpai in ''The Prayag Raj''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2021 |title=Mansi Srivastava: Wish to do a character from rural India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/wish-to-do-a-character-from-rural-india-mansi-srivastava-101629551348625.html |access-date=23 December 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> From 2022 to 2023, Srivastava played Dimpi Dalmiya in ''[[Saavi Ki Savaari]]'' opposite Pankaj Bhatia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colors' show 'Saavi Ki Savaari' traces the heart-warming journey of Saavi, an optimistic young woman who breaks stereotypes |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/colors-show-saavi-ki-savaari-traces-the-heart-warming-journey-of-saavi-an-optimistic-young-woman-who-breaks-stereotypes-413479 |access-date=20 September 2023 |website=Tribune India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Srivastava and actor [[Mohit Abrol]] dated for six years and got engaged in 2016. The couple, however split-up after a few months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2019 |title=Actress Mansi Srivastava reveals the reason for calling off her engagement with Mohit Abrol |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ishqbaaaz-actress-mansi-srivastava-opens-up-on-her-break-up-with-mohit-abrol-reveals-they-were-planning-to-get-married-in-march-2018-994744 |access-date=20 January 2021 |website=ABP News Live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishqbaaz actress Mansi Srivastava and fiance Mohit Abrol end six-year relationship |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/ishqbaaz-actress-mansi-srivastava-and-fiance-mohit-abrol-end-six-year-relationship-1525439-2019-05-15 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=India Today |date=15 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Srivastava and photographer Kapil Tejwani were in a relationship since 2019. She married Tejwani on 22 January 2022, in a traditional [[Hindu wedding]] ceremony in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive! Kundali Bhagya actress Mansi Srivastava to tie the knot in January |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-mansi-srivastava-to-tie-the-knot-in-january/articleshow/87696467.cms |website=The Times of India |accessdate=24 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mansi Srivastava's all set to rock her bachelorette |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/mansi-srivastava-s-all-set-to-rock-her-bachelorette-101639995327104.html |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kundali Bhagya actor Mansi Srivastava marries boyfriend Kapil Tejwani; see pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kundali-bhagya-actor-mansi-srivastava-marries-kapil-tejwani-surbhi-chandna-dheeraj-dhoopar-shrenu-parikh-attend-101642925916310.html |access-date=22 January 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==In the media==
In [[The Times of India|Times' 20 Most Desirable Women on TV]], Srivastava was placed 19th in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet The TV's 20 Most Desirable Actresses of 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-tops-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv-2018/articleshow/69281775.cms |website=Times of India |date=16 May 2019 |access-date=27 September 2019}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2013
| ''Dreamz: The Movie''
| Zeena
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mansi-srivastava-i-cant-keep-waiting-to-play-the-lead-role-in-a-tv-show/articleshow/84918706.cms |title=Mansi Srivastava: I can't keep waiting to play the lead role in a TV show |work=The Times of India |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=31 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''Man in Progress''
| Gus's Girl
| rowspan="4"|Short film
|
|-
| 2017
| ''French Date''
| Promila
|
|-
| 2019
| ''Love By Chance''
| Meera
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Favourite Chai''
| Gayatri
|
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year]]''
| Jasleen Guggal
|
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Arjun (TV series)|Arjun]]''
| Payal Verma
| Episode 5
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Rab Se Sohna Isshq]]''
| Heer Singh Rathore
|
|<ref name="DNA India"/>
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori Se]]''
| Shivani Rana Seharia
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/do-dil-bandhey-ek-dori-se-romantic-scene-12304.html |title=Do Dil Bandhey Ek Dori Se: Shivani and Raghu on a date|work=India TV News |date=2 March 2014 |accessdate=21 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Neeli Chatri Waale]]''
| [[Parvati]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
| ''[[Peterson Hill]]''
| Shatabdi "Khushbu" Joshi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=My role and the show's format are quite interesting: Mansi Srivastava |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv-actress-mansi-srivastava-who-is-donning-the-role-of-parvati-in-neeli-chatri-wale-talks-about-what-made-her-take-up-this-role/articleshow/50889214.cms |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=7 February 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Darr Sabko Lagta Hai]]''
| Aditi
| Episode 16: "Nanny"
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016
| ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
| Dr. Prerna Bhardwarj
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2016 |title=Mansi Srivastava aka Prerna QUITS Sasural Simar Ka |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/mansi-srivastava-quits-sasural-simar-ka-391711 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=ABP News Live |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| Amrita
| Episode: "Hostel"
|
|-
| ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''
| Suhana
| Season 8; Episode 6
|
|-
| ''[[MTV Big F]]''
| Dhaban / Ananya
| Episode: "Dil Ye Ziddi Hai"
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Dil Boley Oberoi]]''
| rowspan="2"|ACP Bhavya Rathore Singh Oberoi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Boley Oberoi: Mansi Srivastava to enter the show as Rudra's love interest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/video/ishqbaaz-mansi-srivastava-to-enter-as-rudras-love-ishqbaaz-lifetv-847141-2017-05-24 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=India Today |date=24 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mansi Srivastava reunites with her Ishqbaaz gang at her bachelorette party; see fun party pictures |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mansi-srivastava-reunites-with-her-ishqbaaz-gang-at-her-bachelorette-party-see-fun-party-pictures/articleshow/88462310.cms |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=The Times of India |date=24 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
| ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]''
| Anika
|
|
|-
| ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''
| Nitya
| Episode: "Soul Transformation"
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Divya Drishti]]''
| Lavanya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's why Divya Drishti star Mansi Srivastava is offered negative roles |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/here-s-why-divya-drishti-star-mansi-srivastava-is-offered-negative-roles-1546077-2019-06-10 |access-date=12 November 2022 |website=India Today |date=10 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Vidya (TV series)|Vidya]]''
| Mehak Verma
|
|
|-
| 2020–2021
| ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2]]''
| Ahana
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mansi Srivastava to play the new baddie in Ishq Mein Marjawan 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mansi-srivastava-to-play-the-new-baddie-in-ishq-mein-marjawan-2/articleshow/79879218.cms |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=22 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
| Sonakshi Raichand
|
|
|-
| 2022–2023
| ''[[Saavi Ki Savaari]]''
| Dimpi Dalmiya
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maheshwari|first=Neha|date=5 July 2022|title=Kundali Bhagya actress Mansi Srivastava to feature in the Hindi remake of the Marathi show Jeev Majha Guntala|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kundali-bhagya-actress-mansi-srivastava-and-farman-haider-to-feature-in-the-hindi-remake-of-the-marathi-show-jeev-majha-guntala/articleshow/92673496.cms|access-date=15 September 2022|work=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''Main Hoon Saath Tere''
| Raina Bundela
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ishqbaaz fame Mansi Srivastava to play a negative character in new show Main Hoon Saath Tere |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ishqbaaz-fame-mansi-srivastava-play-negative-character-new-show-main-hoon-saath-tere/ |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026–present
| ''[[Lakshmi Niwas (2026 TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]''
| Revati Jaiswal
|
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Ratri Ke Yatri (web series)|Ratri Ke Yatri]]''
| Naina
| Episode: "Aakhri Raat"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV actor Mansi Srivastava makes her web debut with Ratri Ke Yatri |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/2020/jul/31/tv-actor-mansi-srivastava-makes-her-web-debut-with-ratri-ke-yatri-26967.html |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=Indulg Express |date=30 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022
| ''Swaanng''
| Preeti
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anushka Sen, Hiten Tejwani, Mansi Srivastava, Anurag Sharma to star in Swaanng |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/anushka-sen-hiten-tejwani-mansi-srivastava-anurag-sharma-to-star-in-swaanng-23165545 |access-date=28 December 2021 |website=Mid Day |date=27 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''The Prayag Raj''
| Riya Bajpai
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stories on OTT ar more relatable, says Mansi Srivastava |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/stories-on-ott-ar-more-relatable-says-mansi/story-wuE1qr0dM8XFdNgFEKLZOP_amp.html |date=7 November 2020 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Singer
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2019
| ''Maula''
|[[Gaurav Sharma (singer)|Gaurav Sharma]]
|<ref>{{cite news |date=31 May 2019 |title=TV actor Mansi Srivastava shoots for her debut single |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tv-actor-mansi-srivastava-shoots-for-her-debut-single/articleshow/69595858.cms |access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|5361980}}
* {{Instagram|dearmansi}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srivastava, Mansi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:1990 births]]

India–Myanmar border

2026-02-24T02:44:44Z

Tijusacademyoet: added layout also

{{Short description|Border separating India and Myanmar}}

{{Update|part=History|date=December 2025}}
[[File:Burma Indian map.png|thumb|right|Map of the India-Myanmar border (the areas marked "[[East Pakistan|Pakistan]]" are part of present-day [[Bangladesh]])]]
The '''India–Myanmar border''' is the international border between [[India]] and [[Myanmar]] (formerly Burma). The {{convert|1,643|km|mi}} long border runs from the [[tripoint]] with [[China]] in the north to the tripoint with [[Bangladesh]] in the south.<ref>{{cite web |title=Burma |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/ |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-date=10 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210200835/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Geographically, the [[Indo-Burman Ranges]] stand as a physical barrier between the [[Indian subcontinent]] and [[Southeast Asian Massif]].

==History==

===Early history===
{{see also | History of Myanmar | Names of Myanmar | Buddhism in Myanmar }}

Various empires and states of India and [[Names of Myanmar#Burma|Burma]], as [[Indianisation|Indianised]] [[Hinduism in Myanmar|Hindu]]-[[Buddhism in Myanmar|Buddhist]] [[Mandala (political model)|mandala]] of [[Greater India]] and [[Indosphere]], have had changing borders going back [[History of Myanmar#Early history (to the 9th century)|several centuries]].

=== 19–20th century: British colonial period ===

The first formation of the Indo-Burmese border during the [[British Raj]] was through the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]], which resulted in the [[Treaty of Yandabo]] in 1826. The Burmese relinquished control over [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Rakhine State|Rakhine]] ([[Arakan]]), and the [[Tanintharyi Region|Tanintharyi coast]], thereby delimiting much of the modern boundary in general terms.<ref name="app-237">{{cite book |author=Phayre |first=Arthur Purves |author-link=Arthur Purves Phayre |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofburma01phay/page/n7/mode/2up |title=History of Burma |publisher=Trübner & Company |year=1883 |edition= |location=London |page=}}</ref><ref name="mmb">{{cite book |author=Thant |first=Myint-U |author-link=Thant Myint-U |url=https://archive.org/details/makingmodernburm00myin |title=The Making of Modern Burma |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79914-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/makingmodernburm00myin/page/n29 20] |url-access=limited}}</ref> In 1834 the [[Kabaw Valley]] areas was returned to Burma and a modified boundary delimited the region called the 'Pemberton Line' after a British boundary commissioner, [[Robert Boileau Pemberton]].<ref name="IBS" /> In 1837 the [[Patkai|Patkai Hills]] were unilaterally designated as the northern boundary.<ref name="IBS" />

Large swathes of Burma were annexed to the British Empire following the [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]] of 1852–53.<ref name="IBS" /><ref name="Hall">{{cite book|url=http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/Burma/bur_history.pdf|author=D.G.E.Hall|year=1960|title=Burma|publisher=Hutchinson University Library|pages=109–113|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050519230755/http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/Burma/bur_history.pdf|archive-date=2005-05-19}}</ref> The remainder of Burma was [[Third Anglo-Burmese War|conquered]] in 1885 and incorporated into [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] as a province.<ref>{{cite book |last=Raugh, Jr. |first=Harold E. |title=The Victorians at War, 1815-1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2004 |isbn=9781576079263 |location=Santa Barbara, California |page=70}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Thant |first=Myint-U |author-link=Thant Myint-U |url=https://archive.org/details/makingmodernburm00myin |title=The Making of Modern Burma |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-521-79914-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/makingmodernburm00myin/page/n27 18] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="webster">{{cite book | title=Gentlemen Capitalists: British Imperialism in South East Asia, 1770–1890 | first=Anthony|last= Webster | publisher=I.B.Tauris | year=1998 | pages=142–145 | isbn=978-1-86064-171-8}}</ref>

The Pemberton Line was first refined in 1881.<ref name="IBS" /> In 1894 a boundary between Manipur and the [[Chin Hills]] (recognised as part of Burma) was delimited, and the existing Pemberton boundary modified again in 1896.<ref name="IBS" /> Further boundary modifications were made in 1901, 1921 and 1922.<ref name="IBS" />

In 1937 the British government split Burma from India and made it a separate colony.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamalakaran |first=Ajay |date=2024-01-13 |title=Why Burma was separated from British India |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/1062050/why-burma-was-separated-from-british-india |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> In 1947 India gained independence, however the country was [[Partition of India|partitioned]] into two states (India and [[Pakistan]]), with the [[Bangladesh-Myanmar border|southernmost section]] of the Burma-India border becoming that between Burma and [[East Pakistan]] (modern [[Bangladesh]]).<ref name="IBS" /> Burma gained independence in 1948.<ref name="IBS" /> On 10 March 1967 Burma and India signed a boundary treaty which delimited their common frontier in detail.<ref name="IBS" /> Security along the border has often been poor, owing to ongoing conflicts in [[Insurgency in Northeast India|north-east India]] and [[Internal conflict in Myanmar|western Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Das |first1=Pushpita |title=India-Myanmar Border Problems: Fencing not the only solution |url=https://idsa.in/idsacomments/IndiaMyanmarBorderProblems_pdas_151113 |website=IDSA |date=15 November 2013 |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204002/https://idsa.in/idsacomments/IndiaMyanmarBorderProblems_pdas_151113 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Post-independence of India and Myanmar ===

==== 1948–2024: FMR (Free Movement Regime) ====
{{anchor | FMR }}

The India–Myanmar border previously had a '''Free Movement Regime''' (FMR), allowing border tribes to travel visa-free up to {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} across,<ref name=singhdas1/><ref name=push1/> which was terminated by Indian government in February 2024 due to [[2023–2025 Manipur violence]] and rampant illegal cross-border activities.<ref name=push2/> This facilitated movement for over 300,000 people in border villages, rooted in historical economic and cultural ties acknowledged by both nations through reciprocal passport rule amendments in 1948–50, permitting travel within {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} with short stays.<ref name=singhdas1>{{citation |title=Indo-Myanmar Border Trade: Status, Problems, and Potentials |editor1=Gurudas Das |editor2=N. Bijoy Singh |editor3=C. Joshua Thomas |publisher=Akansha Publishing House |year=2005 |isbn=9788183700078 |ref={{sfnref|Das, Singh & Thomas, Indo-Myanmar Border Trade|2005}}}}, p. 45-46.</ref><ref name=push1>Pushpita Das, [https://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/Free-Movement-Regime-PDas-170123 Free Movement Regime: A Unique Feature of the India-Myanmar Border], Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 17 January 2024.</ref> Initially unrestricted, India introduced a permit system in 1968 due to insurgencies, and later, in 2004, limited the travel distance to {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} and designated three crossing points due to rising drug and arms trafficking.<ref name=singhdas1/> A formal Land Border Crossing Agreement in 2018 required border passes for residents within {{convert|16|km}} with a 14-day stay limit. Amidst the violence, insurgency and rampant illegal cross-border activities, the Indian government terminated the FMR in February 2024, facing opposition from Mizoram government and some civil society groups.<ref name=push2>Harsh V. Pant, Sreeparna Banerjee, [https://www.orfonline.org/research/fencing-frontiers-with-myanmar-the-benefits-and-challenges-of-fmr-along-india-myanmar-border Fencing frontiers with Myanmar: The benefits and challenges of FMR along India-Myanmar border], Observer Research Foundation, 8 January 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baruah |first=Sukrita |date=Jan 16, 2024 |title=States, civil society restive as Centre plans to scrap Free Movement Regime with Myanmar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/centre-plans-to-scrap-free-movement-regime-with-myanmar-9111902/ |access-date=Feb 2, 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Border==

===Description===

The trijunction of India, China and Myanmar is not yet agreed among the three nations. The de facto tripoint is located just north of the [[Diphu Pass]] in [[Kibithu]] sector.<ref name="IBS">{{cite web |title=International Boundary Study No. 80 Burma – India Boundary |url=https://fall.law.fsu.edu/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS080.pdf |publisher=US Department of State |date=15 May 1968 |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131143245/https://fall.law.fsu.edu/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS080.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> From here the border proceeds to the south-west through the [[Mishmi Hills]], except for an Indian protrusion at the [[Vijaynagar, Arunachal Pradesh#Geography|Chaukan Pass]] entailing [[Vijaynagar,_Arunachal_Pradesh#|Vijaynagar]] valley, then continuing through the [[Patkai]] and Kassom Ranges. At the south-east corner of [[Manipur]] it turns sharply westwards along various rivers for a period over to the [[Tiau River]]. It then follows this river southwards for a long stretch down to the [[Chin Hills]], before turning west and proceeding to the Bangladeshi tripoint via a series of irregular lines.<ref name="IBS"/>

===Barrier===
{{main|North-East India security fence}}

{{see also|Borders_of_India#Barriers|l1=India's border barriers with neighbouring countries}}

The India–Myanmar barrier, a [[border barrier]] along {{convert|1,624|km|mi|adj=on}}-long border under-construction by [[India]], aims to seal the border, curtail cross-border crime, including goods, arms and counterfeit currency smuggling, drug trafficking,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenges To India's National Security: The Illicit Flow Of Drugs From Myanmar To India-Pre And Post Myanmar Coup Of 2021 – CENJOWS |url=https://cenjows.in/challenges-to-indias-national-security-the-illicit-flow-of-drugs-from-myanmar-to-india-pre-and-post-myanmar-coup-of-2021/ |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=cenjows.in}}</ref> and insurgency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India-Myanmar border: Escalating human trafficking concerns |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/india-myanmar-border |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name= Bhonsle>{{cite web
|url = http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=350
|title = India's 'Look Myanmar' Policy
|last = Bhonsle
|first = Col. Rahul K.
|date = July 28, 2007
|publisher = Boloji.com
|access-date = 2007-10-10
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120728164600/http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=350
|archive-date = July 28, 2012
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> Four Northeast Indian states share the border with Myanmar, i.e. [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Nagaland]], [[Mizoram]], and [[Manipur]]. Both national governments agreed to conduct a joint survey before erecting the fence. The Indian Home Ministry and its Myanmar counterpart completed the study within six months and in March 2003 began erecting a fence along the border.<ref name= Khaund>{{cite web
|url= http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BNI2004-10-15b.htm
|last= Khaund
|first= Surajit
|title= India-Burma border fencing delays due to protest by local communities
|date= 15 October 2004
|publisher= Burma News International
|access-date= 2007-10-10
|archive-date= 2018-12-25
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051727/http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BNI2004-10-15b.htm%0A
|url-status= live
}}</ref> In 2024, India approved {{INRConvert|30000|c|lk=on|year=2024}} for the construction of border fence along the Myanmar border.<ref name=borud1>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/government-sanctions-31000-crore-to-fence-myanmar-border/article68655939.ece Government sanctions ₹31,000 crore to fence Myanmar border], The Hindu, 16 Sept 2024.</ref> Of the total, {{convert|1,624|km|mi|adj=on}} length, only 30 km was fenced by September 2024, remaining was being expedited.<ref name=borud1/> BRO will complete this work over 10 years by 2035-36.<ref name=opbrd1>[https://www.thestatesman.com/exclusive-interviews/linking-frontiers-with-the-nation-1503507700.html Linking frontiers with the nation], The Statesman, 5 Nov 2025.</ref>

Issues have been raised that many local ethnic communities, such as the [[Kuki people|Kuki]], [[Naga people|Naga]], [[Mizo people|Mizo]], and [[Chin people|Chins]] whose lands straddle the regions between the two countries, will be divided by this fence.<ref name= Khaund/><ref name=Bhonsle/> However, the Indian security forces justify the need for the fence by blaming the porous border as a national security threat.<ref name=de1/> For example, during two-year period between 2001 and 2003 alone 200 security personnel and civilians died in the militancy-related violence in the region,<ref name=de1>{{cite web
|url= http://www.burmalibrary.org/TinKyi/archives/2003-05/msg00018.html
|title= India, Burma to fence the border
|date= May 17, 2003
|publisher= [[Mizzima News]]
|access-date= 2007-10-10
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130129222159/http://www.burmalibrary.org/TinKyi/archives/2003-05/msg00018.html
|archive-date= January 29, 2013
|url-status= dead
}}</ref> and in 2007 a violent boundary dispute arose among the locals regarding the ownership of nine border pillars in Manipur.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.indoburmanews.net/archives-1/2007/september/new-effort-india-myanmar-to-begin-talks
|title=New effort: India-Myanmar to begin talks
|date=September 2, 2007
|publisher=[[Times of India]]
|access-date=2007-10-10
|archive-date=2018-12-25
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225045950/https://www.indoburmanews.net/archives-1/2007/september/new-effort-india-myanmar-to-begin-talks%20%20
|url-status=live
}}</ref> India has similar fence on borders with [[India–Pakistan border|Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh–India border#Barrier|Bangladesh]].<ref name=borff1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/1643-km-indo-myanmar-border-to-be-fenced-a-patrol-track-to-be-built-amit-shah-101707231177832.html 1643 km Indo-Myanmar border to be fenced, a patrol track to be built: Amit Shah], Hindustan Times, 6 Feb 2024.</ref>

===Border crossings===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category !! State !! Border Crossing !! Details
|-
| rowspan="2" | International (Integrated immigration and customs check post (ICP), open to all international travelers with valid passports and visa) || [[Manipur]] || [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] (India) – [[Tamu, Myanmar|Tamu]] (Myanmar) || Lies on the [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway]] (IMT Highway).<ref>{{cite web |title=India Myanmar Borders |url=https://www.myanmartours.net/india-myanmar-borders.html |website=Myanmar Tours |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213633/https://www.myanmartours.net/india-myanmar-borders.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Travel from India to Myanmar by Road- Detailed Guide on Border Crossing |url=https://thevagabong.com/india-myanmar-road-border-crossing/ |website=The Vagabong |date=30 April 2020 |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110057/https://thevagabong.com/india-myanmar-road-border-crossing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

|-
| [[Mizoram]] || [[Zochachhuah|Zochawchhuah]] (India) – Zorinpui (Myanmar) || Lies on [[Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project]]. It is {{convert|287|km|abbr=on}} away from [[Sittwe Port]] and {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} from [[Lawngtlai]] (Mizoram) on Aizawl-Saiha National Highway [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH-2]] which continues further to [[Dabaka]] in [[Assam]] via the {{convert|850|km|abbr=on}} route part of the larger [[North–South and East–West Corridor#East-West Corridor|East-West Corridor]] connecting [[North East India]] with the rest of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arakanrivers.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Kaladan-Mov.png |title=Multi-modal route map |access-date=2017-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822053547/http://www.arakanrivers.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Kaladan-Mov.png |archive-date=2017-08-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=de10>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-opens-two-border-crossing-points-with-myanmar-bangladesh-4869496/ India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303082454/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-opens-two-border-crossing-points-with-myanmar-bangladesh-4869496/ |date=2019-03-03 }}, [[Indian Express]], 1 Oct 2017.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | Local FMR crossing only || rowspan="2" | [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || [[Diphu Pass]] || Lies 30 km east of [[Dong, Arunachal Pradesh]], and north of Pangsau Pass.

|-
| [[Nampong]]-[[Pangsau Pass]] (India) near [[Lake of No Return]] (Myanmar)|| Via [[National Highway 315 (India)|NH-315]] ([[Ledo Road]]), which is part of [[Stilwell Road]].

|-
| rowspan="1" | Manipur || [[Behiang]] to [[Khenman]] || Provides access to [[Tedim Township|Tedim]] in Myanmar.<ref name=ted1>{{cite web|url=http://www.idsa.in/strategicanalysis/36_5/TedimRoadTheStrategicRoadonaFrontier_PumKhanPau|title=Tedim Road—The Strategic Road on a Frontier: A Historical Analysis - Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|website=www.idsa.in|access-date=2020-09-22|archive-date=2020-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826124405/https://idsa.in/strategicanalysis/36_5/TedimRoadTheStrategicRoadonaFrontier_PumKhanPau|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="1" | Mizoram || [[Zokhawthar]] (India) to [[Khawmawi]]-[[Rikhawdar]] (Myanmar) || Via [[Harhva river]] bridge; local and informal use.
|}

[[File:Indo-Burmese Border.jpg|thumb|right|Rickhawdar (left;Myanmar)- Zokhawthar (right;India) border crossing]]

===Border force===
{{anchor | Force }}

The Indo-Myanmar Border Force (IMBF) is a proposed and soon-to-be-composed{{when|date=September 2020}} force of 29 battalions - 25 battalions from [[Assam Rifles]] and 4 battalions from [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] - to guard the {{convert|1,643|km|adj=on}} long Indo-Myanmar border. IMBF will remain under ITBP and will patrol the border to the zero line (as of January 2018).<ref name=imbf>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/home-ministry-looks-to-form-29-battalion-indo-myanmar-border-force/story-iImWizVCRAtDYGIonj2OML.html Home ministry looks to form 29-battalion Indo-Myanmar border force] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109013141/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/home-ministry-looks-to-form-29-battalion-indo-myanmar-border-force/story-iImWizVCRAtDYGIonj2OML.html |date=2020-11-09 }}, Hindustan Times, 18 Jan 2018.</ref>

===Border markets ===

See [[Borders of India#Haat|Haats on India-Myanmar border]].

== Maritime boundaries ==
{{ anchor | Maritime | EEZ }}
{{see also|Exclusive economic zone of India|Exclusive economic zone of Myanmar}}

India and Myanmar have maritime [[exclusive economic zone]]s in each other's vicinity. [[Landfall Island]], India's northernmost Island in [[Andaman and Nicobar]] is {{Convert|40|km}} south of [[Coco Islands]] belonging to Myanmar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Command|title=Andaman and Nicobar Command – Google Search|website=www.google.com|language=en|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[India–Myanmar relations]]
* [[Bangladesh–Myanmar border]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Borders of India}}
{{Borders of Myanmar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Myanmar border}}
[[Category:India–Myanmar border| ]]
[[Category:India–Myanmar relations|border]]
[[Category:Borders of India]]
[[Category:Borders of Myanmar]]
[[Category:International borders]]

Lokesh Verma

2026-02-16T21:09:15Z

Tijusacademyoet: Stub

{{short description|Indian tattoo artist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lokesh Verma
| image = Lokesh-Verma.jpg
| birth_place = [[Delhi, India]]
| education = {{ubl
|[[Master of Business Administration]]
|[[Bachelor of Commerce]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ubl
|[[Delhi University]]
|[[Sri Aurobindo College (Evening)|Sri Aurobindo College]] }}
| occupation = [[Tattoo artist]]
| known_for = Co-founder of Heartwork Tattoo Festival
| awards =
| website = {{URL|www.tattoosnewdelhi.com}} {{URL|https://devilztattoozluxembourg.com/}}
}}
'''Lokesh Verma''' is an Indian [[tattoo artist]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/the-human-body-is-my-canvas-lokesh-verma-tattoo-practitioner/articleshow/10369492.cms|title=The human body is my canvas: Lokesh Verma, Tattoo practitioner|date=2011-10-16|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> He is best known for pioneering soundwave tattoos in India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/feb/05/soundwave-tattoos-scan-it-hear-it-2099064.html|title=Soundwave tattoos: Scan it, hear it|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/sunday-edition/new-wave-of-tattoos.html|title=New wave of tattoos|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/life-style/2020/feb/14/this-valentines-day-try-and-express-your-love-with-a-permanent-tattoo-22301.html|title=This Valentine's Day, try and express your love with a permanent tattoo|website=www.indulgexpress.com|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> He is one of the founders of Heartwork Tattoo Festival, India’s only international tattoo festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/life/art/011218/festival-of-ink.html|title=Festival of ink|last=Bhandari|first=Kavi|date=2018-12-01|website=The Asian Age|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/tats-cool-say-these-youngsters/articleshow/66901887.cms|title=Tattoo's cool, say these youngsters|date=2 December 2018|first=Debdeep|last=Mukherjee|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2019/dec/09/of-tattoos-music-and-major-hip-hop-vibes-2073350.html|title=Of tattoos, music and major hip-hop vibes|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> Verma also established a studio in Luxembourg.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-04 |title=Indian Devil’z Tattooz Expands Footprint to Europe with Luxembourg Studio |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/indian-devilz-tattooz-expands-footprint-to-europe-with-luxembourg-studio--1934878 |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

== Background and career ==
Lokesh was born and raised in [[Delhi|Delhi, India]]. His father worked in a security department, while mother was a teacher. He completed his school education in [[Delhi]] and took admission to [[Delhi University]] in 2000. He has held several odd jobs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Karelia|first=Gopi|date=2021-03-18|title=Delhi Man Once Flipped Burgers To Support Family; Now An International Tattoo Artist|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/251219/lokesh-verma-delhi-tattoo-artist-devilz-tattooz-rags-to-riches-success-story-guinness-book-of-world-records-gop94/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=The Better India|language=en-US}}</ref>

He started practicing tattooing in 2003 as a hobby<ref name=":1" /> while pursuing his MBA during which he also worked at the local [[McDonald's|McDonalds]] by day and as a disc jockey by night in order to save money to purchase his first equipment.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/in-other-news/130819/tattoo-artist-lokesh-vermas-success-story-will-leave-you-inspired.html|title=Tattoo artist Lokesh Verma's success story will leave you inspired|date=2019-08-13|website=The Asian Age|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/delhi-tattoo-artist-lokesh-verma-052417403.html|title=Delhi's Tattoo Artist Lokesh Verma Becomes The First Asian To Teach In An Italian Tattoo University|website=in.style.yahoo.com|language=en-IN|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref>

He opened a studio first in [[South Delhi]]’s [[Greater Kailash]] area in 2008 and then in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]] in 2013.<ref name=":2" /> In 2011, he tattooed world record attempt recognized by [[Guinness World Records]] for the most number of flags to be tattooed on human body held by Guinness Rishi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/70-year-old-man-has-305-country-flag-tattoos-367139.html|title=70-year-old man has 305 country flag tattoos|website=News18|date=25 April 2011 |access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/198195/this-man-walking-atlas.html|title=This man is a walking atlas|date=2011-10-15|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> He is one of the founders of the annual Heartwork Tattoo Festival, India’s only international tattoo festival.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Swain|first=Kasturi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/shedding-its-image-of-a-passing-fad-tattoo-art-emerges-as-symbol-of-syncretism/article25650489.ece|title=Shedding its image of a passing fad, tattoo art emerges as symbol of syncretism|date=2018-12-03|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-07|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/vivacity/tattoos-aren-t-about-cults-anymore.html|title=Tattoos aren't about cults anymore|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> He is the owner of Devilz Tattooz, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/tapsee-pannu-and-swara-bhaskers-tattoo-artist-explains-how-musical-barcodes-are-the-next-inking-trend/articleshow/73656398.cms|title=Tapsee Pannu and Swara Bhaskar's tattoo artist explains how musical barcodes are the next inking trend|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/fuchcha-s-get-inked-making-a-statement-with-tattoo-and-piercing-in-the-new-session/story-F5pm3qffhMS6Tq5PrGRfLL.html|title=Fuchcha's get inked: Making a statement with tattoo and piercing in the new session|date=2019-07-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Tatoo-Flaunt-it-but-watch-out/articleshow/3254395.cms|title=Tatoo: Flaunt it but watch out - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=20 July 2008 |access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-25|title=Lokesh Verma (Devil'z Tattooz) on Life as a Tattoo Artist in India|url=https://www.careersindia.org/interview-with-lokesh-verma-tattoo-design/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=CareersIndia|language=en-US}}</ref>

Lokesh has traveled to 15 countries and tutored many artists. Some of celebrities and cricketers he has inked include [[Ishant Sharma]], [[Shikhar Dhawan]], [[Swara Bhaskar]], [[Remo D'Souza]], and [[Taapsee Pannu|Tapsee Pannu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrity tattoo artist Lokesh Verma wants to focus on quality work|url=https://m.indulgexpress.com/fashion/2021/jan/20/celebrity-tattoo-artiste-lokesh-verma-wants-to-focus-on-quality-work-31043.amp|access-date=2021-07-11|website=Indulge Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Lokesh}}
[[Category:Male tattoo artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Tattoo artists]]

Neeraj Madhav

2026-02-09T04:53:16Z

Tijusacademyoet: page - done

{{Short description|Indian actor, rapper and dancer}}
{{Indian patronymic|Neeraj|Madhav}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Neeraj Madhav
| image = Neeraj Madhav during success party of the movie Adi Kapyare Koottamani.jpg
| caption = Neeraj in 2015
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|03|26}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/neeraj-madhav-celebrates-first-birthday-as-father-see-pics-1.5549176|title = Neeraj Madhav celebrates first birthday as father, see pics}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/this-is-how-neeraj-madhav-celebrated-his-birthday-amid-lockdown/articleshow/74841467.cms|title = This is how Neeraj Madhav celebrated his birthday amid lockdown - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=27 March 2020 }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[screenwriter]]|[[rapper]]|[[choreographer]]|[[dancer]]}}
| years_active = 2013{{endash}}present
| spouse = {{marriage|Deepthi Janardhan|2018}}
| children = 1
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[SRM Institute of Science and Technology]]|[[School of Drama and Fine Arts|School of Drama and Fine Arts, Thrissur]]}}
}}

'''Neeraj Madhav''' (born 26 March 1990) is an Indian actor and rapper who predominantly works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films acted and one more [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film acted.<ref name = key />

==Early life==
Neeraj was born on 26 March 1990, in [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]] into a Malayali family.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Neeraj Madhav's wedding pictures are out |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neeraj-madhavs-wedding-pictures-are-out/articleshow/63579384.cms |access-date=2023-04-10 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He did his schooling from [[St. Joseph's Boys' Higher Secondary School|St. Joseph's Boys' Higher Secondary School, Kozhikode]]. Then graduated in [[Visual communication]]s from [[SRM Institute of Science and Technology|SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram]] and later did post-graduation in [[Theatre]] from [[School of Drama and Fine Arts|School of Drama and Fine Arts, Thrissur]]. His father Dr. K. Madhavan is a veterinarian, and his mother Latha, a teacher.

The young talent started off as a dancer with the first edition of reality television programme ‘''Super Dancer''’ on [[Amrita TV]] and made it to the final round. Neeraj is also a trained [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer, having learned it under Kalamandalam Saraswathy and her daughter, Aswathy. He is also trained in [[chenda]] and is a disciple of Kalanilayam Udayan Namboodiri.

Neeraj has a younger brother Navneeth Madhav, another dancer turned actor in the family. He has acted in films such as ''[[Shikkar]]'', ''Kottarathil Kutty Bhootham'', ''Nallavan'' and ''[[Manikyakkallu]]'' and TV series such as ''Kuttichathan''.<ref name = key>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/interview-with-neeraj-madhav/article7137966.ece|title= Making the right moves|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 April 2015 |last=Sathyendran |first=Nita |location= Thiruvananthapuram, India }}</ref>

==Career==
Neeraj made his entry to the [[Malayalam cinema]] industry through Raaj Prabavathy Menon's ''[[Buddy (2013 film)|Buddy]],'' into which he was selected through an audition. He was later noticed by director [[Jeethu Joseph]] and was invited to be a part of his movies ''[[Memories (2013 film)|Memories]]'' and ''[[Drishyam]]'', both turned out to be box office successes, with the latter becoming the highest-grossing Malayalam film ever. Meanwhile, Neeraj also acted in [[Abrid Shine]]'s ''[[1983 (film)|1983]]'' and [[Sathyan Anthikad]]'s ''[[Oru Indian Pranayakadha]]''.<ref name = key />

[[Anil Radhakrishnan Menon]]'s ''[[Sapthamashree Thaskaraha]],'' in which Neeraj plays one of the lead characters alongside [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]], [[Anoop Kannan]]'s [[Homely Meals]] and ''[[Apothecary (film)]]'' - a medical drama directed by [[Madhav Ramadasan]] are also other noted performances of the actor.<ref name = key /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.deccanchronicle.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=1815401 |title=The Taste of Success - Deccan Chronicle }}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Neeraj made his debut as a dance choreographer with the film ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]'', scripted by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] and directed by [[G. Prajith]], with the hit song "Enne Thallendammava".<ref name=choreo>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Neeraj-is-now-officially-a-choreographer/articleshow/46410023.cms|title = Neeraj is now officially a choreographer| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 March 2015 |location= Kochi, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/oru-vadakkan-selfie-starring-nivin-pauly-aju-varghese-and-neeraj-madhav/article6763791.ece |title= Holding a mirror to one's self | newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 January 2015 |location= Thiruvananthapuram, India}}</ref> His other releases in 2015 also include ''[[Jamna Pyari]]'', ''[[Kunjiramayanam]]'', ''[[Madhura Naranga]]'', ''[[KL.10 Pathu]]'', ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' and ''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]''.<ref name= spree>{{cite news|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/neeraj-madhav-on-a-spree-kl10patthu-madhura-naranga.html|title= Neeraj Madhav on a spree|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=23 July 2015 |location= Thiruvananthapuram, India }}</ref>

The movie ''[[Oozham]]'', which has [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]] in the lead, has Neeraj in a full-length role.<ref name = Oozham /> Neeraj also portrayed a pivotal role in Tom Emmatty's ''[[Oru Mexican Aparatha]]''.

Neeraj debuted as a screenplay writer through the movie ''[[Lavakusha]]'' in 2017 and also played one of the title characters in this along with Aju Varghese.

Neeraj plays his first lead role in the movie ''[[Paippin Chuvattile Pranayam]]''. It was directed by debutant Domin D'Silva. In the movie, he portrays Govindankutty, a daily wage labourer.

In 2019, Neeraj starred as the main antagonist, Moosa Rehman in the [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Original]] web series titled ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]],'' helmed and produced by director duo Raj and DK. The series also stars [[Manoj Bajpayee]], [[Priyamani]] and [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] in major roles.

In July 2020, he released a rap song titled "Pani Paali". It depicted various aspects of life experienced by common people during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].The song went viral in a very short period of time and was a huge hit among Malayalees and also around other parts of the globe. It also introduced rap music to a more mainstream audience.<ref>{{Cite news|last=S|first=Harikumar J.|date=2020-07-03|title=Actor Neeraj Madhav's new rap song 'Panipaali' is turning a funky earworm|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/actor-neeraj-madhavs-new-rap-song-panipaali-is-turning-a-funky-earworm/article31980912.ece|access-date=2020-07-04|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Neeraj is the son of Dr. K. Madhavan and Latha Madhavan. He married his long time girlfriend Deepthi who is also a native of [[Kozhikode]], on 2 April 2018. The couple have a daughter born in 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=നീരജ് മാധവിനും ദീപ്തിക്കും പെൺകുഞ്ഞ്|last=ManoramaOnline Reporter|date=23 February 2021|newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]]|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2021/02/23/neeraj-madhav-and-deepthi-blessed-with-a-baby-girl.html|access-date=23 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='The Family Man' actor Neeraj Madhav, wife Deepthi Janardhan welcome a baby girl|work=DNA|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-the-family-man-actor-neeraj-madhav-wife-deepthi-janardhan-welcome-a-baby-girl-2877030|last=DNA Web Team|date=23 February 2021|access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
*All films are in [[Malayalam]] language unless otherwise noted.

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|rowspan=4|2013||''[[Buddy (2013 film)|Buddy]]''||Govindh||
|-
|''[[Memories (2013 film)|Memories]]''||Mechanic||
|-
|''[[Drishyam]]''||Monichan||
|-
|''[[Oru Indian Pranayakadha]]''||Charlie||
|-
|rowspan=4|2014||''[[1983 (film)|1983]]''||Prahladan||<ref name = key /><ref name = funny />
|-
|''[[Apothecary (film)|Apothecary]]''||Shenoy||
|-
|''[[Sapthamashree Thaskaraha]]''||Narayanankutti||
|-
|''[[Homely Meals]]''||Arun||
|-
| rowspan="9" |2015||''[[Mariyam Mukku]]''||Dennis||<ref name = key /><ref name = funny>{{cite news|url=https://epaper.newindianexpress.com/363669/The-New-Indian-Express-Kochi/28102014#page/20/2|title=The next funny man|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=28 October 2014 |location= Kochi, India }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]<ref name=choreo />''||Thankaprasad/Thankamma||
|-
|''[[Madhura Naranga]]''||Kumar||
|-
|''[[KL.10 Pathu]]''||Aftab/Appu||
|-
|''Just Married''||Riyaz||
|-
|''[[Jamna Pyari]]''||Tony Kurishinkal||
|-
|''[[Kunjiramayanam]]''||Kanjuttan||
|-
|''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]''||Ansari||
|-
|''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]''||Remo||
|-
|rowspan=1|2016||''[[Oozham (2016 film)|Oozham]]''||Ajmal||<ref name = Oozham>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Jeethu-cast-Neeraj-when-they-met-at-a-college/articleshow/50931844.cms |title= Jeethu cast Neeraj when they met at a college | newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 February 2016 |location= Kochi, India}}</ref>
|-
|-
|rowspan=3|2017||''[[Oru Mexican Aparatha]]''||Subhash||
|-
| ''[[Lavakusha]]''||Lavan||Also writer
|-
|''[[Paipin Chuvattile Pranayam]]''||Govutty/Govindankutty||
|-
|rowspan=1|2018||''[[Rosapoo]]''||Ambros||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Vinod |title=Rosapoo movie review highlights: A lacklustre black co |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rosapoo-movie-review-highlights-a-lacklustre-black-comedy/articleshow/62848758.cms |access-date=1 April 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=9 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2019
| ''[[Allu Ramendran]]''||Neeraj Madhav||Cameo
|-
|2020
|''[[Gauthamante Radham]]''||Gauthaman||
|-
|Rowspan=3|2022
|''[[Sundari Gardens]]''||Victor Paul||[[Sony Liv]] film<ref>{{cite news |title=Neeraj Madhav and Aparna Balamurali's Sundari Gardens to release on this OTT platform |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/jul/25/neeraj-madhav-and-aparna-balamuralis-sundari-gardens-to-release-on-this-ott-platform-33028.html |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu]]''||Sridharan||[[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]], also singer
|-
|''[[An Action Hero]]''||Sai||[[Hindi]], Cameo appearance
|-
|Rowspan=2| 2023 ||''[[Enkilum Chandrike]]''|| Auto Driver Abhishek || Cameo appearance in the Climax portion
|-
| ''[[RDX: Robert Dony Xavier]]'' || Xavier || Lead role
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Varshangalkku Shesham]]'' || Fearless Alex Matthew ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-13 |title='Varshangalkku Shesham': Vineeth Sreenivasan brings together an ensemble cast for his next |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/varshangalkku-shesham-vineeth-sreenivasan-brings-together-an-ensemble-cast-for-his-next/article67075968.ece |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=1 | 2019 || ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man: Season 1]]'' || Moosa Rehman || rowspan=3|[[Hindi]] || [[Amazon Prime Video]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/my-character-is-crucial-and-tricky-says-neeraj-madhav-1604151-2019-09-28|title='My character is crucial and tricky', says Neeraj Madhav|website=India Today|date=28 September 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Feels Like Ishq]]'' || Rajeev || [[Netflix]]
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Showtime (Indian TV series)|Showtime]]'' || Satya Krishnan || [[Disney+Hotstar]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-02-28 |title=New song 'Class' from Emraan Hashmi's Showtime out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2024/Feb/28/new-song-class-from-emraan-hashmis-showtime-out-52478.html |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 ||''[[Love Under Construction]]''|| Vinod|| Malayalam || [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Love Under Construction: New web series starring Neeraj Madhav, Aju Varghese, and Gouri G Kishan starts rolling|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/love-under-construction-new-web-series-starring-neeraj-madhav-aju-varghese-and-gouri-g-kishan-starts-rolling/articleshow/104136421.cms|access-date=2024-07-30 |website=The Times Of India |date=3 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Other works==

===As choreographer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Album
! Song
! Music director
|-
|rowspan=2|2015||''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]''||''Enne Thallendammava''<ref name=choreo/>||rowspan=2|[[Shaan Rahman]]
|-
||''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]''||''Ullasa Gayike''
|}

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Song
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| Rowspan=6|2020 || ''Jungle Speaks'' || Debut [[Extended play|EP]] Music production by RZEE || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neeraj-madhavs-rap-series-is-whimsical-and-thought-provoking/articleshow/75716756.cms|title = Neeraj Madhav's rap series is whimsical and thought-provoking - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=13 May 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pani Paali|Panipaali]]'' || Music production by Arcado || <ref>{{cite web |author=TNM Staff |title=Watch: Actor Neeraj Madhav's 'Panipaali' rap is a fun song |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-actor-neeraj-madhav-s-panipaali-rap-fun-song-127569 |website=www.thenewsminute.com |date=29 June 2020 |accessdate=22 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''Akkarappacha'' || Music production by Young H || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/neeraj-madhavs-new-rap-song-is-akkarappacha/articleshow/77974058.cms|title=Neeraj Madhav's new rap song is 'Akkarappacha' - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 September 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Wish'' || [[Extended play]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/wish-hope-and-fly-reveal-how-i-deal-with-my-inner-conflicts-neeraj-madhav/articleshow/78572988.cms|title=Wish, Hope and Fly reveal how I deal with my inner conflicts: Neeraj Madhav - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 October 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Hope'' || [[Extended play]] ||
|-
| ''Fly'' || [[Extended play]] ||
|-
| Rowspan=3|2021 || ''First Love'' || feat [[Siddharth Menon (singer)|Siddharth Menon]] Music production by Arcado ||
|-
| ''Namma Stories'' ||[[Netflix]] Originals || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-netflix-s-new-song-namma-stories-features-arivu-neeraj-madhav-and-others-151983?amp|title = Watch: Netflix's new song 'Namma Stories' features Arivu, Neeraj Madhav and others|date = 8 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pani Paali|Panipaali 2]]'' || Music production by Arcado ||
|-
| Rowspan=2|2022 || ''[[ARPO]]'' || Music production by Hrishi ||
|-
|''Porattam - RAP Song''
| [[Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu]]; also lyricist
|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
'''[[Asianet Film Awards]]'''
*'''2018''' – Won – Best Star Pair – [[Paippin Chuvattile Pranayam]]
'''[[Asiavision Awards]]'''
* '''2015''' – Won – New Sensation in Acting (Male) for performance in various movies<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/asiavision-movie-awards-2015-ennu-ninte-moideen-pathemari-premam-win-maximum-awards-655399|title=Asiavision Awards 2015|newspaper=[[International Business Times]]|date=18 November 2015 |location= Thiruvananthapuram, India }}</ref>

'''North American Film Awards'''
* '''2016''' – Special mention by the jury for performance in various movies
* '''2017''' – Special mention by the jury for performance in [[Paippin Chuvattile Pranayam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Instagram|neeraj_madhav}}
* {{Facebook|ActorNeerajOfficial}}
* {{IMDb name|id=6697626}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhav, Neeraj}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Prakash Varmora

2026-02-07T21:51:49Z

Tijusacademyoet: made new article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Prakash Varmora''' (born 1974)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Prakashbhai Parsotambhai Varmora(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DHRANGADHRA(SURENDRANAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5238 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency|Dhrangadhra]] Assembly constituency in [[Surendranagar district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Dhrangadhra Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Prakashbhai Parsotambhai Varmora Wins From Dhrangadhra , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/dhrangadhra-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568181 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Election Result 2022: Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-election-results-2022-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat Assembly Election Results 2022: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-winning-candidates-constituency-8312674/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Varmora is from [[Dhrangadhra]], Surendranagar district, Gujarat. He is the son of Parshotambhai Jivrajbhai Varmora. He studied Class 11 at RPTP School, Vidyanagar, and passed the examinations conducted by Secondary and Higher Secondary Board, [[Gandhinagar]] in 1987.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Varmora won from [[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 102,844 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Chhattarsinh Gunjariya of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhrangadhra Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Prakashbhai Parsotambhai Varmora Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/dhrangadhra-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6563059.html |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0664.htm?ac=64 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205170344/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0664.htm?ac=64 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhrangadhra Assembly Seat, Gujarat Election 2022 – Get Dhrangadhra constituency news updates and complete details {{!}} Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/dhrangadhra-64 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203041000/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/dhrangadhra-64 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varmora, Prakash}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Surendranagar district]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

1991 Sikh killings in Uttar Pradesh

2026-01-27T03:07:30Z

Tijusacademyoet: starting a details...

{{Short description|Pilibhit forest massacre in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 1991 Sikh killings in Uttar Pradesh
| location = [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| date = 13 July 1991
| image =
| coordinates = {{coord|28|43|7.7196|N|80|4|19.0848|E|region:IN-UP|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
| target = [[Sikhs]]
| type = {{Cslist|[[Extrajudicial killings]]|[[Encounter killing|Encounters]]|[[Abuse]]|[[Shooting]]}}
| fatalities = 10
| motive = [[Counterterrorism]]
| convicted = 43<ref name = "Conviction">{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/law/allahabad-high-court-convicts-cops-extrajudicial-killing-sikhs-pilibhit|title=Allahabad HC Convicts 43 Cops|work=The Wire}}</ref>
| notes =
}}

On 12 July 1991, a vehicle carrying 25 [[Sikh]] pilgrims was stopped by the police at a checkpoint in [[Budaun district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Eleven of the male passengers were detained by police, ten of whom were later shot dead by police on 13 July 1991 in three different locations in the deep forest of [[Pilibhit tiger reserve]] in [[Pilibhit]] distinct, who alleged they were [[Terrorism|terrorists]]. The status of the eleventh detainee, a 15-year-old boy, remains unknown. <ref name="Extrajudicial executions at Pilibhit Tiger Reserve">{{cite web |date=1991-09-29 |title= Extrajudicial executions at Pilibhit tiger reserve |url= https://www.amnesty.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa200331991en.pdf |work=[[Amnesty International]] |publisher=}}</ref> The independent investigation done by various media agencies as well as political parties did conclude that two of the 10 killed were actually wanted militants - Baljit Singh of [[Khalistan Liberation Army]] and [[Khalistan Commando Force]] chieftain Jaswant Singh 'Fauji'. <ref name="Wanted terrorists">{{Cite web |last=Sandhu |first=Kanwar |date=1991-08-15 |title=Wanted terrorists|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19910815-encounter-killing-of-10-sikhs-raises-furore-in-uttar-pradesh-814665-1991-08-14 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, 47 police officers involved with the killings were sentenced to life in prison; these sentences were overturned by a higher court, who in 2022 sentenced 43 of the officers to seven years in prison and fine. <ref name="Court Rulings">{{cite web |date= 2016-04-04 |title= Court Rulings |url= https://cbi.gov.in/press-detail/MTg3MQ== |work=[[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] |publisher=}}</ref>

==Background==
[[Pilibhit]] lies in the [[Terai]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]], in the marshy plains along the [[Nepal]] border. The Terai is adjacent to [[Punjab]] and a significant [[Sikh]] migrant population from [[Pakistan]] were settled here after [[partition of India]]. Because of its proximity and demographic profile, local suspicions and tensions exist about spill over from militant activities in Punjab. Due to which the terai had become associated with arms and [[drug smuggling]] routes from Punjab and Nepal, and that militants and criminal gangs operate in the area. Some police officials are alleged to be colluding with criminal networks or militants, complicating the distinction between state efforts for security and abuses.<ref name="Militency at Pilibhit Tiger Reserve">{{cite web |date=1991-09-29 |title=Militency at Pilibhit Tiger Reserve|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/i/india/india919.pdf |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |publisher=}}</ref>

To counter what was perceived as militant threats, the [[Uttar Pradesh police]] undertook search operations and detained many Sikh men, often under the [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act]] (TADA). Many of these arrests and detentions were arbitrary, lacking due process, and in some cases led to summary executions or disappearances. TADA is a special security law that allows administrative detention, extends the period for interrogation in police custody, restricts bail, relies on secret witnesses, allows confessions, and limits access to appeal. Under TADA, many safeguards of criminal procedure and due process are suspended or diluted. Which further results in to abuses, [[extrajudicial killing]]s, disappearances, custodial torture, and [[Encounter killing|staged encounters]] frequently, and with little accountability.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-11-17 |title= Lessons from a massacre |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/Pilibhit-fake-encouter-Lessons-from-a-massacre/article59784269.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=}}</ref>

==Incident==
From 29 June to 13 July 1991, a vehicle carrying 25 Sikh pilgrims was touring several states (Uttar Pradesh, [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]]). The group included 13 men (two elderly), 9 women and 3 children (ages 10, 12 and 15). The [[pilgrimage]] began from [[Nanakmatta|Nanakmatha sahib]] in [[Nainital district]], visited various Sikh religious sites en-route and were on the way to [[Hazur Sahib|Hazur Sahib Gurdwara]] in [[Nanded]] in [[Maharashtra]]. <ref name="Pilgrimage">{{cite web |date=1991-09-29 |title= Pilgrimage|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/i/india/india919.pdf |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |publisher=}}</ref>

On 12 July 1991, the vehicle was traveling in Uttar Pradesh and was stopped by the police at a checkpoint in [[Budaun district|Badaun district]] (Kachla Ghat) as police got a tip-off on some militants were onboard the bus. The police surrounded the vehicle with multiple police vans, trucks, and jeeps and ordered the tourists' vehicle to a police post. About 60–70 armed policemen were said to be present. Police removed the 13 male passengers, tied their hands behind their backs, alleged insults and instructions to keep heads down. Both elderly men were returned to the vehicle later; the remaining 11 men were detained. During the ensuing journey, police continued to accompany the vehicle, remained aboard, directed its route, and forbade the passengers to look around or move. The men’s personal belongings were confiscated. The vehicle was then diverted to the [[Pilibhit]] Guest House, but shortly after, it was ordered to stop near a canal. The detainees were taken away, and police questioned one of the women about her son, a previously arrested individual. The vehicle continued to Pilibhit and then was allowed to disperse; the detained men were not allowed contact with families or lawyers. <ref name="Under Custody">{{cite web |date=1991-09-29 |title= Under Custody|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/i/india/india919.pdf |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |publisher=}}</ref>

==Encounter==
On 14 July 1991, news emerged that ten of the eleven detained men had been killed in three separate [[Encounter killing|encounters]] in the forested region near the Nepal border, which is now called [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve]]. One minor detainee, a 15-year-old boy Talvinder Singh (also known as “Billu”), son of one of the organisers of the pilgrimage, whose status remains unknown. [[Superintendent (police)|Police Superintendent]] R.D. Tripathi claimed the men were terrorists, associated with organizations like the [[Khalistan Liberation Force]] and [[Khalistan Commando Force]], and that the encounters occurred at various places at night. However, independent investigation concluded that two of the 10 killed in these encounters were indeed well-known militants - Baljit Singh of [[Khalistan Liberation Army]] and [[Khalistan Commando Force]] chieftain Jaswant Singh 'Fauji' ; the rest appear unconnected to [[militant]] activity. <ref name="Two detainees were known terrorists">{{Cite web |last=Sandhu |first=Kanwar |date=1991-08-15 |title=Two detainees were known terrorists|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19910815-encounter-killing-of-10-sikhs-raises-furore-in-uttar-pradesh-814665-1991-08-14 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Investigations by various groups noted that some of the bodies were discovered by villagers or reported by journalists. One farmer near a site claimed a man cried for help, then gunshots were heard. The bodies were allegedly cremated early morning; families and legal representatives were not informed or allowed to claim the bodies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandhu |first=Kanwar |date=1991-08-15 |title='Encounter' killing of 10 Sikhs raises furore in Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19910815-encounter-killing-of-10-sikhs-raises-furore-in-uttar-pradesh-814665-1991-08-14 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Victims==
Of the eleven men taken into custody, ten were later reported killed in three separate incidents.<ref name="Victims">{{cite web |date=1991-09-29 |title=ENCOUNTER IN PILIBHIT - Executions of Sikhs in Uttar Pradesh, India |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/i/india/india919.pdf |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |publisher=}}</ref> Later in April 2016, The Court ordered payment of Rs.14 lakh each to the victim's families. <ref name="Compensation">{{cite web |date=2016-04-04 |title= Compensation |url= https://cbi.gov.in/press-detail/MTg3MQ== |work=[[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] |publisher=}}</ref> The list of victims include Baljit Singh, a wanted terrorist of [[Khalistan Liberation Army]] and Jaswant Singh Fauji, another wanted terrorist of [[Khalistan Commando Force]], Along with other pilgrims Jaswant Singh, Harbinder Singh, Sujan Singh, Bichchettar Singh, Kartar Singh and Tarsem Singh; all resident of [[Gurdaspur]], [[Punjab]]. Surmej Singh, and Narender Singh of Amaria, [[Pilibhit district|Pilibhit]].<ref name="List Of Victims">{{cite web |date=1991-09-29 |title=List Of Victims|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/i/india/india919.pdf |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |publisher=}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
Musaraf Hussain, the bus driver gave sworn [[testimony]] describing how the bus was stopped, how police intervened, how he was threatened and coerced into leaving blank statements, and ultimately how he feared for his life. Witnesses who had signed affidavits filed in the Supreme Court were reportedly intimidated. One was followed in a police van, threatened in the gurdwara, and asked not to testify. Notices were sent out by Pilibhit police to Sikh men in the region, accusing them of harboring terrorists and warning them under penal and anti‑terror laws. The frequency of such notices increased after the incident. Public outcry and media attention forced the state government to respond: on 23 July 1991, Superintendent Tripathi was transferred. On 21 August, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ordered compensation of Rs.50,000 for each dependent of the ten killed men.<ref name="Supreme Court ordered compensation">{{cite web |date=1991-09-29 |title=Supreme Court ordered compensation|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/i/india/india919.pdf |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |publisher=}}</ref> The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] charged 47 officers involved with the incident in 1991.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-05 |title=47 Indian police sentenced to life over Sikh pilgrim killings |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-05/47-indian-police-sentenced-to-life-for-killing-sikh-pilgrims/7302030 |access-date=2025-10-01 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref> In 2016, a special court sentenced 47 of those officers to life in prison for their involvement in setting up and covering up the killings; ten of the charged officers had died by that point.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-04 |title=Life sentences for 47 Indian policemen |url=https://www.dw.com/en/47-indian-policemen-get-life-sentences-for-1991-sikh-killings/a-19163431 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Indian police receive life sentences for 1991 Sikh killings |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35965553 |work=BBC |date=4 April 2016 }}</ref> In 2022, [[Allahabad High Court]] convicted 43 officers for the killings, sentencing them to seven years in prison.<ref name="Aftermath">{{cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=Allahabad HC Convicts 43 Cops |url=https://thewire.in/law/allahabad-high-court-convicts-cops-extrajudicial-killing-sikhs-pilibhit |work=The Wire |publisher=}}</ref>

==Conviction==
The court convicted all 47 cops, but 4 cops had already died by the time, so court sentenced only 43 officers to seven years in prison and fined Rs.11 lakh each to then [[Station house officer]]s, Rs.8 lakh each to then [[Sub-inspector]]s and Rs.2.75 lakh each to the [[Constable]].<ref name="Convicted Cops">{{cite web |date= 2016-04-04 |title= Convicted Cops |url=https://cbi.gov.in/press-detail/MTg3MQ==|work=[[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Investigation]]}}</ref> List of conspirators include Gyan Giri, Subhash Chandra, Lakhan Singh, Nazim Khan, Harpal Singh, Rajendra Singh, Narayan Das, Krishna Veer, Karan Singh, Rakesh Singh, Nemchandra, Shamsher Ahmed, Satyendra Singh, Badan Singh, Devendra Pandey, Mohd. Anees, Ramesh Chandra,Veer Pal Singh, Natthu Singh, Dhaniram, Sugamchandra, Kalacter Singh, Kunwar Pal Singh, Shyam Babu, Banwari Lal, Dinesh Singh, Sunil Kumar Dixit,Arvind Singh, Ram Nagina,Vijay Kumar Singh, Vijendra Singh, M.P. Mittal, M.C. Durgapal, R.K. Raghav, Surjeet Singh, Udai Pal Singh, Munna Khan, Durvijay Singh, Mahaveer Singh, Gaya Ram, Ragister Singh, Rasid Hussain, Syed Ali Raza Rizvi, Satyapal Singh, Harpal Singh, Ram Chandra Singh.<ref name="List of conspirators">{{cite web |date= 2016-04-04 |title= List of conspirators |url=https://cbi.gov.in/press-detail/MTg3MQ==|work=[[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Investigation]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{portal|India}}
* [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]
* [[Khalistan Commando Force]]
* [[Khalistan]]
* [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve]]

{{Bareilly division topics}}
{{Religious persecution|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:1990s in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1991 in India]]
[[Category:Anti-Sikh sentiment]]
[[Category:Extrajudicial killings in India]]
[[Category:July 1991 in Asia]]
[[Category:Killings by law enforcement officers in India]]
[[Category:Pilibhit district]]
[[Category:Sikhism in India]]

Venkatampalle

2026-01-18T21:58:22Z

Tijusacademyoet: New a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Venkatampalle
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name = Venkatam-palli
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Anantapur
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Vijrakarur
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2782
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=Census2001 />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 515 832
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1.07<ref name=Census2001 /> [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Venkatampalle''' is a village in [[Vajrakarur]] [[Tehsil|mandal]] in [[Anantapur District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Rajampet is the nearest town to Utukuru Venkatampalle<ref name=Census2001>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/View_Village_Population.aspx?pcaid=524246&category=VILLAGE | title=View Population | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | accessdate=25 March 2012}}</ref> {{Asof|2001}} it had a population of 2,782 in 501 households.<ref name=Census2001 />

==Geography==
Venkatampalli is noted for diamonds. This is a small village with a population of 1100. This village is {{convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from Uravakonda and {{convert|25|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from Guntakal. There is a dense forest around {{convert|8000|acre|km2}} to the east of this village. Many people visit the forest in search of diamonds.
In the 1990s, an Australian company took land to seek diamonds.

'''Sri Jarutla Ramaligeswara Swami temple''' is famous which is 5 km from Venkatampalli.

==Demographics==
According to [[Indian census]], 2001, the demographic details of Venkatampalle village is as follows:<ref>[http://www.ourvillageindia.org/Place.aspx?PID=27973 Venkatampalle at Our Village India.org]</ref>
* Total Population: 2,782 in 501 Households.
* Male Population: 1,440 and Female Population: 1,342
* Children Under 6-years of age: 454 (Boys - 227 and Girls - 227
* Total Literates: 909

==History==
This village originated in the 1890s with a couple of families. Some tribes joined the village after ten years. The village was divided into three parts after some years (Venkatampalli, VPC Thanda, VPP Thanda).

Earlier this panchayat consisted of Venkatampalli, VPC Thanda and VPP Thanda. In 1997 it was divided into two panchayats: Venkatampalli and VPP Thanda.

List of sarpanch's for Venkatampalli from 1997:

* 1. Vijaya simha (1997–2002)
* 2. Badhru Naik (2002–2007)
* 3. Arjun (2007 to 2013)
* 4. Pothula Rathnamma (2013 to )

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Anantapur district]]

{{Anantapur-geo-stub}}

Seethanagaram, East Godavari district

2026-01-18T21:16:54Z

Tijusacademyoet: added info

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Seethanagaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = East Godavari
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Seethanagaram
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 533287
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0883
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Seethanagaram''' is a village in [[East Godavari District]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Seethanagaram mandal]] in Rajahmundry revenue division.<ref name=mandal>{{cite web |title=Sub-Districts of East Godavari District|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part31.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=31 August 2015|pages=365, 408|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name=census>{{cite web
|title=District Census Handbook - East Godavari |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2814_PART_B_DCHB_EAST%20GODAVARI.pdf |website=Census of India|accessdate=18 January 2015|page=17,36–37|format=PDF}}</ref>

==Geography==
Coordinates: 17°10'31"N 81°41'23"E

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Visit this Upcoming website for More information.[http://snm.gold SEETHANAGARAM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808202729/http://snm.gold/ |date=8 August 2018 }}

{{East Godavari district}}

[[Category:Villages in East Godavari district]]

{{EastGodavari-geo-stub}}

List of leaders of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly

2026-01-13T00:40:21Z

Tijusacademyoet: New.

{{short description|Leader of Opposition }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox political post
| name = Leader of the Opposition in the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| native_name =
| insignia = Emblem of Andhra Pradesh.svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Andhra Pradesh]]
| incumbent = ''[[Casual vacancy|Vacant]]''
| incumbentsince = 12 June 2024
| department = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| status = Head of the opposition
| member_of = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| residence =
| nominator = Members of the Official Opposition in the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]
| appointer = [[List of speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| inaugural = [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]
| termlength =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1956|11|01}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.aplegislature.org/}}
}}
The '''leader of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly''' is the official leader of the principal opposition party in [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. The leader of opposition is given rank of cabinet minister and is entitled to draw monthly salary and other perks of the same rank.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leader of the Opposition - Legislative Assembly - Liferay DXP |url=https://aplegislature.org/web/legislative-assembly/leader-of-the-opposition |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=aplegislature.org}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Andhra-India 1953.svg|thumb|145x145px|Location of the Andhra State (1953–1956) on the map of India.|left]]
The [[Andhra State]], a precursor to the modern state of Andhra Pradesh, was established on 1 November 1956 following the [[Andhra movement]]. The formation of Andhra State was made possible by the Andhra State Act, which was passed in the [[Parliament of India]] in September 1953. This significant development was ignited by a determined fast led by [[Potti Sreeramulu]], whose sacrifice ultimately catalyzed the demand for a new linguistic state.

The newly created Andhra State included 11 districts in the [[Telugu language|Telugu-speaking]] region of the Madras State, with [[Kurnool]] as its capital and a [[unicameral]] parliamentary system with a [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] chamber.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Pranay Dutta |date=2022-03-16 |title=Nehru couldn't ignore Potti Sriramulu who gave India Andhra Pradesh by fasting till death |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/nehru-couldnt-ignore-potti-sriramulu-who-gave-india-andhra-pradesh-by-fasting-till-death/875442/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Express October 2, 1953|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19531002&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=26 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=HT This Day: March 26, 1953 -- Andhra state from Oct 1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ht-this-day-march-26-1953-andhra-state-from-oct-1-101679763592631.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A">{{cite web|title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council History|url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/Andhra%20pradesh/andhracouncil-w.htm|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=2010-09-03}}</ref>
[[File:Andhra Pradesh in India (claims hatched).svg|thumb|left|129x129px|Location of the Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014) on the map of India.]]
The [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]], colloquially referred to as United Andhra Pradesh, was officially established on 1 November 1956, through the enactment of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|States Reorganisation Act]] in August 1956. This led to the dissolution of [[Hyderabad State]], with its divisions becoming part of [[Mysore State]] and [[Bombay State]]. Concurrently, the integration of Telugu-speaking regions into Andhra State laid the foundation for the vibrant state of Andhra Pradesh with a [[bicameral]] parliamentary system consisting of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] and Legislative Assembly chambers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-seventh-amendment-act-1956|title=Seventh Amendment, 1956|publisher=Government of India|access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=Andhra Pradesh Formation Day 2023: AP History, Wishes, Quotes, and Must-try Foods |url=https://www.news18.com/lifestyle/andhra-pradesh-formation-day-2023-8640643.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

Originally situated in [[Hyderabad]], the capital later moved to [[Amaravati]] in 2017 following the implementation of the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act]], which led to the formation of Telangana on 2 June 2014 and a reduction in the [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|assembly constituencies]] from 294 to 175. Despite these significant boundary changes, the state continued to be recognised as Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158365.pdf |title=Gazette Notification of commencement |publisher=Government of India |access-date=5 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-02 |title=Telangana Assembly Elections 2023: Why Telangana Split From Andhra Pradesh {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/telangana-assembly-elections-2023-why-telangana-split-from-andhra-pradesh-explained-article-105668714 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:IN-AP.svg|thumb|137x137px|Location of the Andhra Pradesh (since 2014) on the map of India.]]After the state reorganisation in 2014, [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] of [[YSR Congress party]] became the first leader of opposition in [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] followed by [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] of [[Telugu Desam Party]] from 2019 to 2024.

[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] is the longest serving leader of opposition. He served as leader of opposition from 2004 to 2014, making him the last leader of opposition before the state bifurcation.

== Eligibility ==
Official opposition is a term used in [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] to designate the political party which has secured the second largest number of seats in the assembly. In order to get formal recognition, the party must have at least 25 of the [[Quorum#India|total membership of the Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977 and Rules Made Thereunder |url=http://mpa.nic.in/actopp.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000925235105/http://mpa.nic.in/actopp.htm |archive-date=25 September 2000 |website=mpa.nic.in}}</ref> A single party has to meet the 10% seat criterion, not an alliance. Many of the Indian [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|state legislatures]] also follow this 10% rule while the rest of them prefer single largest opposition party according to the rules of their respective houses.
But according to section 12B of payment of salaries, allowances, prevention of disqualification of MLAs in AP legislative assembly act, 10% of MLA's not required to be recognised as Leader of opposition or official opposition party. The opposition party having a greater number of MLA's is recognised as official opposition or principal opposition party and the MLA's elect their leader is Leader of opposition in Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly.

== Role ==
The opposition's main role is to question the government of the day and hold them accountable to the public. The opposition is equally responsible in upholding the best interests of the people of the country. They have to ensure that the Government does not take any steps, which might have negative effects on the people of the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=Role of Opposition Party in Parliament |url=http://www.elections.in/political-corner/role-opposition-party-parliament/}}</ref>

The role of the opposition in legislature is basically to check the excesses of the ruling or dominant party, and not to be totally antagonistic. There are actions of the ruling party which may be beneficial to the masses and opposition is expected to support such steps.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Role of Opposition in Parliament | India |url=http://www.politicalsciencenotes.com/parliament/opposition/role-of-opposition-in-parliament-india/976}}</ref>

In legislature, opposition party has a major role and must act to discourage the party in power from acting against the interests of the country and the common man. They are expected to alert the population and the Government on the content of any bill, which is not in the best interests of the country.

== List of leaders of the opposition ==
===Since 1956===
Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Opposition Leaders |website=www.aplegislature.org|accessdate=29 May 2025 |url=http://www.aplegislature.org/former-opposition-leaders |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801023531/http://www.aplegislature.org/former-opposition-leaders |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2012}}</ref>

Until the Sixth Legislative Assembly no political party was recognized as an Official Opposition Party. In the Sixth Legislative Assembly the Janata Party was recognized as Opposition Party Officially as it has got Sixty (60) Members. As per the Rules of the House, an Opposition Party should get minimum seats of ‘one-tenth' of the total strength of the Assembly for its Official recognition.

(*) These leaders have been recognized officially as Leaders of Opposition in the Legislative Assembly

{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! rowspan=2 |#
! rowspan=2 colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan=2 style="width:16em" |Leader of the opposition {{small|(Lifespan) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of the office
! rowspan=2 style="width:5em" |Election {{small|(Assembly)}}
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Party
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Chief Minister
! rowspan=2 style="width:10em" |Appointed by ([[List of speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Speaker]])
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Duration
|-
!rowspan=2 |1
|rowspan=4 bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|rowspan=2 |[[File:Sundaraiah-Puchalapalli.jpg|97x97px]]
|rowspan=2 |'''[[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]''' {{small|(1913{{ndash}}1985) MLA for [[Gannavaram, Krishna Assembly constituency|Gannavaram]]}}
|1956
|1957
|'''1 year'''
|[[1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1955]] {{small|(1st)}}
|rowspan=4 |[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao]]
|-
|1957
|1962
|'''5 years'''
|[[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]] {{small|(2nd)}}
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
----
[[Damodaram Sanjivayya]]
|-
!2
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[T. Nagi Reddy|Tarimela Nagi Reddy]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}1976) MLA for [[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh Assembly constituency|Puttur]]}}
|1962
|1964
|'''2 years'''
|rowspan=2 |[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] {{small|(3rd)}}
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| rowspan="4" |[[B. V. Subba Reddy]]
|-
!3
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''Pillalamarri Venkateswarlu''' {{small| MLA for [[Nandigama Assembly constituency|Nandigama]]}}
|1964
|1967
|'''3 years'''
| rowspan="3" |[[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
|-
!4
|bgcolor="{{party color|Swatantra Party}}"|
|[[File:Gouthu Lachchanna (cropped).png|97x97px]]
|'''[[Gouthu Latchanna]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}1976) MLA for [[Sompeta Assembly constituency|Sompeta]]}}
|1967
|1969
|'''2 years'''
|rowspan=2 |[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] {{small|(4th)}}
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
!5
|
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Nukala Ramachandra Reddy]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1974) MLA for [[Dornakal Assembly constituency|Dornakal]]}}
|1969
|1971
|'''2 years'''
|Telangana United Front
|-
!6
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|[[Vemulapalli Srikrishna]] {{small|(1917{{ndash}}2000) MLA for [[Mangalagiri Assembly constituency|Mangalagiri]]}}
|1972
|1977
|'''5 years'''
|rowspan=2 |[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] {{small|(5th)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao]]
----
[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
| rowspan="2" |Pidatala Ranga Reddy
|-
!7
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|'''Erasu Ayyapu Reddy''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2009) MLA for [[Panyam Assembly constituency|Panyam]]}}
|1977
|1978
|'''1 year'''
|[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]
|-
!(4)
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Gouthu Lachchanna (cropped).png|97x97px]]
|*'''[[Gouthu Latchanna]]''' {{small|(1909{{ndash}}2006) MLA for [[Sompeta Assembly constituency|Sompeta]]}}
|31 March 1978
|1980
|'''2 years'''
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] {{small|(6th)}}
|[[Janata Party]]
|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
----
[[T. Anjaiah]]
----
[[Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy]]
----
[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
|Divi Kondaiah Chowdary
|-
!8
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|*'''[[Ananthula Madan Mohan]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2004) MLA for [[Siddipet Assembly constituency|Siddipet]]}}
|19 January 1983
|23 November 1984
|'''{{ayd|19 January 1983|23 November 1984}}'''
|[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]] {{small|(7th)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
----
[[N. Bhaskara Rao|Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]
----
[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
|[[Tangi Satyanarayana]]
|-
!9
|[[File:Circle-icons-profile.svg|97x97px]]
|*'''[[Mogaligundla Baga Reddy]]''' {{small|(1930{{ndash}}2004) MLA for [[Zahirabad Assembly constituency|Zahirabad]]}}
|14 March 1985
|28 November 1989
|'''{{ayd|14 March 1985|28 November 1989}}'''
|[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] {{small|(8th)}}
|[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
|G. Narayana Rao
|-
!10
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|97x97px]]
|*'''[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]''' {{small|(1923{{ndash}}1996) MLA for [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]]}}
|5 January 1990
|10 December 1994
|'''{{ayd|5 January 1990|10 December 1994}}'''
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] {{small|(9th)}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
----
[[N. Janardhana Reddy|Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy]]
----
[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
|P. Ramachandra Reddy
|-
!11
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Indian National Congress party MLA, P. Janardhan Reddy.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[P. Janardhan Reddy|Paripati Janardhan Reddy]]''' {{small|(1948{{ndash}}2007) MLA for [[Khairatabad Assembly constituency|Khairatabad]]}}
|24 March 1995
|9 October 1999
|'''{{ayd|24 March 1995|9 October 1999}}'''
|[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]] {{small|(10th)}}
|rowspan=2 |[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[N. T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]
----
[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|[[Yanamala Rama Krishnudu]]
|-
!12
|[[File:Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy in Delhi on 10 December 2008 (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|*'''[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy]]''' {{small|(1949{{ndash}}2009) MLA for [[Pulivendla Assembly constituency|Pulivendla]]}}
|12 November 1999
|14 November 2003
|'''{{ayd|12 November 1999|14 November 2003}}'''
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] {{small|(11th)}}
|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|[[K. Prathibha Bharathi]]
|-
!rowspan=2 |13
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|rowspan=2 |[[File:N. Chandrababu Naidu (cropped)1.jpg|97x97px]]
|rowspan=2 |*'''[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MLA for [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]}}
|2 June 2004
|19 May 2009
|'''{{ayd|2 June 2004|19 May 2009}}'''
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] {{small|[[12th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(12th)]]}}
|rowspan=2 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy]]
|[[K. R. Suresh Reddy]]
|-
|19 May 2009
|28 April 2014
|'''{{ayd|19 May 2009|28 April 2014}}'''
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] {{small|[[13th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(13th)]]}}
|[[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy]], [[Konijeti Rosaiah]], [[N. Kiran Kumar Reddy|Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|[[Kiran Kumar Reddy]], [[Nadendla Manohar]]
|-
! colspan="11" | {{nobold|''[[President's rule]] imposed during the period'' (1 March 2014 {{ndash}} 7 June 2014)}}{{efn|name=PR2|After 58 years, the state was bifurcated into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states on 2 June 2014 by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. After state reorganisation, Andhra Pradesh Sasana sabha seats come down from 294 to 175 seats.}}
|-
!14
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Jagan Mohan Reddy.jpg|97x97px]]
|*'''[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy]]''' {{small|(born 1972) MLA for [[Pulivendla Assembly constituency|Pulivendla]]}}
|20 June 2014<ref>{{cite news |title=Let Not Govt and Assembly be in ‘Exile’ for Long: Kodela |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2014/Jun/21/let-not-govt-and-assembly-be-in-%E2%80%98exile%E2%80%99-for-long-kodela-626974.html |work=The New Indian Express|date=21 June 2014}}</ref>
|23 May 2019
|'''{{ayd|20 June 2014|23 May 2019}}'''
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] {{small|[[14th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(14th)]]}}
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|[[Kodela Siva Prasada Rao]]
|-
!(13)
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[File:Chandrababu Naidu 2017.jpg|97x97px]]
|*'''[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MLA for [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]}}
|13 June 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFTEENTH ANDHRA PRADESH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY - RECOGNITION AS LEADER OF OPPOSITION IN THE ASSEMBLY.|url=https://apegazette.cgg.gov.in/uploadGazette_view?filePath=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2FwZWdhemV0dGUuY2dnLmdvdi5pbi9zZWFyY2hBbGxHYXpldHRlcyIsImlhdCI6MTcyNTAzMDgxMSwic3ViIjoiL1VwbG9hZHMvQVBHQVpFVFRFL2dhemV0dGVzLzE1NjEwMjk5NDcxNjQucGRmIn0.FCGCEOsWpxwR_36vuzJ6nV7k7a05tkgIaDn3Ws-Bf1g|date=13 June 2019}}</ref>
|5 June 2024
|'''{{ayd|13 June 2019|5 June 2024}}'''
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] {{small|[[15th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(15th)]]}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy|Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
|[[Thammineni Seetharam]]
|-
!{{ndash}}
| colspan="6" | {{nobold|''Vacant since 12 June 2024''}}
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] {{small|[[16th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(16th)]]}}
|{{ndash}}
|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]
|[[Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu]]
|-
|}

== Statistics ==

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Andhra Pradesh Legislature}}

[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lists of leaders of the opposition of Indian states and territories|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh-related lists]]

Swipe Crime

2026-01-07T10:24:44Z

Tijusacademyoet: New a article

{{short description|Indian crime thriller web series}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=July 2025}}
{{unreliable sources|date=May 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Crime drama]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| creator = Harsh Mainra
| director = Harsh Mainra
| writer = Harsh Mainra Ritika Chouhan Nilesh Pal
| starring = [[Rishab Chadha]] Mugdha Agarwal Sanyam Sharma [[Malvika Raaj]] [[Faisal Malik]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 8
| producer = Jyoti Chouhan Prashant Shinde
| company = Versatile Motion Pictures
| network = [[MX Player]]
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|12|20}}
}}

'''''Swipe Crime''''' is an Indian Hindi‑language crime‑thriller web series written and directed by Harsh Mainra and produced by Versatile Motion Pictures. The eight‑episode first season premiered worldwide on the ad‑supported platform [[MX Player]] on 20 December 2024.<ref name="Indiatimes">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime OTT release date: When to watch on MX Player |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/swipe-crime-ott-release-date-amazon-mx-player-when-to-watch-the-web-series-648656.html |website=India Times |date=18 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Gadgets">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime OTT release date – where to watch it online |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/news/swipe-crime-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-it-online-7280866 |website=Gadgets360 |publisher=NDTV |date=19 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

Set at the fictional Gyanshakti University, the story follows first‑year students who create a dating app while a senior’s death by online blackmail prompts a parallel investigation.<ref name="Prime">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime – Season 1 |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Swipe-Crime/0G6AXIEKEY0XY9QDAKD1V98OEO |website=Prime Video |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> Critics praised the youth‑centric focus and performances, though some found later episodes uneven.<ref name="TOIReview">{{cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Abhishek |title=Swipe Crime Season 1 review: An engaging crime drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/swipe-crime/season-1/seasonreview/116581299.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

==Plot==
First‑year computer‑science student '''Vidhan''' and classmates Brian, Raunak and Swati develop "Dating Shating", a dating app meant to create safer matches.<ref name="Gadgets"/> Their optimism fades when senior '''Mallick''' dies by suicide after online blackmail. Final‑year student '''Vikram''' ("Vicky") vows to expose the culprit and infiltrates fraud networks using false profiles.<ref name="TOIInfo">{{cite news |title=Swipe Crime – series information |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/swipe-crime/seriesreview/116581265.cms |work=The Times of India |date=20 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> The investigation collides with the app launch, forcing the group to confront corporate predators, hackers and moral questions about privacy and justice.

==Cast and characters==
*[[Rishab Chadha]] as Vidhan – ambitious freshman leading the project.
*Sanyam Sharma as Vikram (Vicky) – final‑year student [[Seeking Justice|seeking justice]].
*Mugdha Agarwal as Swati – pragmatic coder.
*[[Malvika Raaj]] as Jessica Kapoor – entrepreneur behind rival app "Love Lane".<ref name="Malvika">{{cite news |title=Swipe Crime is targeted at youth who use dating apps, says Malvika Raaj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/malvika-raj-believes-swipe-crime-is-targeted-at-youth-who-use-dating-apps/articleshow/116653302.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>
*[[Faisal Malik]] as Professor Kapil Khatra – strict head of department.<ref name="Faisal">{{cite news |title=Faisal Malik to return as professor in streaming series 'Swipe Crime' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/faisal-malik-to-return-as-professor-in-streaming-series-swipe-crime/articleshow/116429295.cms |work=The Times of India |date=18 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>
*Diksha Singh as Juhi – student linked to the scam.<ref name="Femina">{{cite web |title=Diksha Singh reflects on online safety after shocking incident |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/swipe-crime-actress-diksha-singh-reflects-on-online-safety-after-shocking-incident/articleshow/151123703.cms |website=Femina |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>
*[[Riya Deepsi]] as Purnima – new professor advising the group.

==Production==
===Development===
The development of ''Swipe Crime'' was driven by the creative vision of director Harsh Mainra and a team of writers including Ritika Chauhan and Nilesh Pal.<ref name="Faisal"/> The series was conceptualized to explore the intersection of modern campus life and the growing threat of cybercrime, particularly in the context of dating apps and online relationships. Mainra, who also co-produced the series under Versatile Motion Pictures alongside Jyoti Chouhan, Prashant Shinde, Upendra Sharma, and Lalit Kshatriya, sought to create a narrative that resonated with young audiences navigating the complexities of the digital age.<ref name="Telangana">{{cite news |title=Hardik Thakkar on 'Swipe Crime': the name immediately intrigued me |url=https://telanganatoday.com/hardik-thakkar-on-swipe-crime-the-name-immediately-intrigued-me |work=Telangana Today |date=21 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> The story centers on a group of university students at Gyanshakthi University whose lives are upended by an online scam, leading to a tragic suicide. The narrative was inspired by real-life incidents of cybercrime and aims to highlight the vulnerability of young people in an increasingly digital world. According to Mainra, the series is intended to be both entertaining and thought-provoking, encouraging viewers to reflect on the choices and risks associated with online interactions.<ref name="Faisal" /><ref name="Mediabrief">{{cite web |title=Amazon MX Player drops the trailer of 'Swipe Crime' |url=https://mediabrief.com/amazon-mx-player-drops-the-trailer-of-swipe-crime/ |website=MediaBrief |date=18 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> The series was filmed on location in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, and features cinematography by Prateek Desai. The production team emphasized authenticity in depicting campus life and the digital landscape, with the goal of making the story relatable to its target audience.<ref name="IMDb"/>

===Filming===
''Swipe Crime'' was filmed on location in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. The series was produced by Versatile Motion Pictures, with Harsh Mainra serving as director and co-writer alongside Ritika Chauhan and Nilesh Pal. Cinematography was handled by Prateek Desai, and the production team included Prashant Shinde and Jyoti Chouhan as producers. The series features an ensemble cast, including Sanyam Sharma, Mugdha Agarwal, Riya Deepsi, Rishab Chaddha, Faisal Malik, and Diksha J Singh, among others. The show premiered on Amazon [[MX Player]] on 20 December 2024, and consists of nine episodes with a total runtime of approximately 5 hours 20 minutes.<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime (TV Series 2024– ) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt34874259/ |work=IMDb |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Filmibeat">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime Hindi Movie: Release Date, Cast, Story, Ott ... |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/movies/swipe-crime.html |website=Filmibeat |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

==Release==
[[MX Player]] unveiled the official trailer on 18 December 2024.<ref name="Mediabrief"/> All eight episodes, with Hindi audio and Tamil and Telugu dubs, were released free on 20 December 2024.<ref name="Gadgets"/>

==Reception==
===Critical response===
''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the series 3.5/5 for campus authenticity and brisk pacing while noting plot contrivances.<ref name="TOIReview"/>
Hindi outlet ''FilmyDrip'' called the show "शानदार" ("excellent") for spotlighting dating‑app dangers.<ref name="FilmyDrip">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime review in Hindi |url=https://filmydrip.com/swipe-crime-review-in-hindi/ |website=FilmyDrip |language=hi |date=24 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>''[[Filmibeat]]'' noted the series' ensemble cast and its focus on the darker side of dating apps and cybercrime, calling it a timely release that resonates with young viewers navigating the digital world.<ref name="Filmibeat"/>''TellyBoosters'' describes ''Swipe Crime'' as "a gripping tale of friendship, ambition and digital dangers," noting that despite some plot gaps, the series' engaging characters and strong performances make it a compelling watch. The review highlights the show's balance between crime, emotional depth, and the dangers of the digital age, with particular praise for Rishab Chadha, Sanyam Sharma, and Faisal Malik's performances.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime Season 1 Review: A Gripping Tale of Friendship, Ambition and Digital Dangers |url=https://tellyboosters.com/2024/12/26/swipe-crime-season-1-review-a-gripping-tale-of-friendship-ambition-and-digital-dangers/ |website=TellyBoosters |date=26 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>''[[Telangana Today]]'' reports that ''Swipe Crime'' is "targeted at youth who use dating apps," exploring the complexities of college life and blending it with a dark and sinister digital scam. According to the article, the series stands out for its relevance to the digital experiences of today's youth.<ref>{{cite news |title='Swipe Crime' is targeted at youth who use dating apps, says actor Malvika Raaj |url=https://telanganatoday.com/swipe-crime-is-targeted-at-youth-who-use-dating-apps-says-actor-malvika-raaj |work=Telangana Today |date=22 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

===Audience response===
MX Player reported that ''Swipe Crime'' trended for 12 days post‑release, driven largely by viewers aged 18–24.<ref name="Business">{{cite web |title=Rishab Chadha unveils turbulent journey as Vidhan |url=https://businessnewsweek.in/business/rishab-chadha-unveils-a-turbulent-journey-as-vidhaan-in-swipe-crime/ |website=Business News Week |date=22 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> The IMDb rating for the TV series ''Swipe Crime'' is **6.4/10** based on approximately 183–184 user ratings as of early May 2025.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt34874259/reviews/ | title=Swipe Crime (TV Series 2024– ) - User reviews - IMDb | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

==Themes and analysis==
The storyline shows how algorithmic matching and stolen images enable doxxing and deep‑fake blackmail. Mugdha Agarwal said the drama "captures the realities of today’s youth", while Ronit Ashra argued that apps "take away the magic of real‑life meetings".<ref>{{cite news |title=Ronit Ashra calls 'Swipe Crime' an opportunity to reflect on complexities of digital age |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1256894 |work=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mugdha">{{cite web |title=Get ready for a thrilling ride as Amazon MX Player drops the trailer |url=https://www.mediainfoline.com/entertainment/get-ready-for-a-thrilling-ride-as-amazon-mx-player-drops-the-trailer-of-swipe-crime |website=Media Infoline |date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="Hauterrfly">{{cite web |title=Swipe Crime actors Mugdha Agarwal & Ronit Ashra talk dating‑app culture |url=https://hauterrfly.com/entertainment/swipe-crime-actors-mugdha-agarwal-ronit-ashra-on-dating-apps-magic-of-real-life-meeting-lost/ |website=Hauterrfly |date=11 February 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

Jessica Kapoor’s bid to acquire the students’ app for analytics mirrors real dating‑app consolidation. Reviewers called it a critique of "monetising intimacy", and Malvika Raaj noted the theme’s relevance for young users.<ref name="Malvika"/><ref name="auto1" />

Vikram’s use of fake profiles and eventual kidnapping raises questions about personal justice. Hardik Thakkar said the show "exposes the dark side of dating apps and social media", urging viewers to weigh safety against the [[rule of law]].<ref name="Pune">{{cite web |title=Dating‑app dangers exposed in 'Swipe Crime': Hardik Thakkar |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/OTT/a-show-that-exposes-the-dark-side-of-dating-apps-and-social-media-hardik-thakkar-on-swipe-crime/cid1734977646.htm |website=Pune Mirror |date=24 December 2024 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]''
* ''[[Cyber Vaar – Har Screen Crime Scene|Cyber Vaar]]''

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|34874259}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swipe Crime}}
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:MX Player original programming]]