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Saraswati Shishu Vidya Mandir, Telo

2026-05-07T14:38:53Z

TiffinyAult552: New A Entry

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=August 2017}}
{{One source|date=May 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Saraswati Shishu Vidya Mandir Telo
| image =
| image_size =
| logo =
| logo_size = 80px
| colours =
| location = Near Durga Mandir, Telo,
| county = [[Bokaro district]]
| state = [[Jharkhand]]
| postal_code = 828403
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.8180673|N|86.1259744|E|region:LK_type:edu|display=inline}}
| specialist =
| schooltype =
| motto =
| founded =
| founder =
| head_label = Principal
| head =
| gender =
| lower_age =
| upper_age =
| headmaster =
| chair_label =
| chair =
| enrollment =
| faculty =
| houses =
| campus = Rural
| district =
| student_union =
| affiliation =
| publication =
| free_label2 =
| free_text2 =
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| free_text =
| website =
}}

'''Saraswati Shishu Vidya Mandir Telo'''<ref>{{cite web |title=SARASWATI SHISHU VIDYA MANDIR TELO (ATTACHED) - District Bokaro (Jharkhand) |url=https://schools.org.in/bokaro/20131302814/saraswati-shishu-vidya-mandir-telo-attached.html |website=schools.org.in |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> is situated in Telo of district Bokaro (Jharkhand) state. This school is known for its well-study education methods to the students. This is affiliated to Vidya Vikas Samiti, Jharkhand and recognized through Jharkhand Government. In this school, apart from study culture based education is given to the students. Around 800 students study here up to class 10th. This school can be reached easily by roads and trains. Telo railway station is nearest railway station (approx 2 km. Another nearby railway station is Chandrapura (approx 6 km.

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Literacy in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|School|Education}}

[[Category:Education in Bokaro Steel City]]
[[Category:Schools in Jharkhand]]

{{Jharkhand-school-stub}}

Sindoor Ki Keemat

2026-05-05T14:57:54Z

TiffinyAult552: New Stub

{{short description|Indian drama television series }}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Sindoor Ki Keemat.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romantic]]
| creator = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]
| story = {{ubl|Ved Raj|Aakriti Athreja|Vishwa Sharma|Aparijita Sharma (dialogue)}}
| composer = [[Nishant - Raj]]
| theme_music_composer = Nishant – Raj
| open_theme = "Sindoor Ki Keemat"
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* S. Sekkizhar
* V. Padmavathy
* Guru Sampath Kumar
}}
| editor = Shashank Singh Rakesh Das
| creative_director = Muskaan Bajaj
| director = Lalit Mohan Rahul Kumar Tiwari
| starring = Vaibhavi Hankare (season 1) Shehzad Sheikh (season 1) Vaibhavi Hankare (season 2) Mohit Hiranandani (season 2)
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 651
| executive_producer = Gorky M
| producer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] Karishma Bhutoria
| cinematography = Rajan Singh
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| network = [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]]
| runtime = 22 minutes approx
| company = [[4 Lions Films]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|10|18|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|10|21|df=y}}
}}

'''''Sindoor Ki Keemat''''' ({{Translation|The Cost of [[Vermilion]]}}) is an Indian Hindi [[drama]] [[Romance film|romantic]] television series produced by [[4 Lions Films]], starring Vaibhavi Hankare and Shehzad Sheikh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-a-wait-of-two-years-prateik-chaudhary-bags-a-daily-soap-to-be-seen-in-gul-khans-sindoor-ki-keemat/articleshow/86530378.cms|title=After a wait of two years, Prateik Chaudhary bags a daily-soap, to be seen in Gul Khan's Sindoor Ki Keemat|website=Times Of India|date=26 September 2021|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=11 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811232716/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-a-wait-of-two-years-prateik-chaudhary-bags-a-daily-soap-to-be-seen-in-gul-khans-sindoor-ki-keemat/articleshow/86530378.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=सिंदूर की कीमत: अर्जुन-मिश्री की कहानी को पहले एपिसोड में ही मिला दुलार, स्क्रीनिंग की खास तस्वीरें|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/sindoor-ki-kimat-arjun-mishris-story-got-affection-in-the-first-episode-itself-special-pictures-of-the-screening|work=Amarujala|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020053530/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/sindoor-ki-kimat-arjun-mishris-story-got-affection-in-the-first-episode-itself-special-pictures-of-the-screening|url-status=live}}</ref> The show premiered on 14 October 2021, and it aired on [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive! The audience cannot understand every Indian language and hence presenting good content in every language is an innovative idea of providing entertainment: Sindoor Ki Keemat actor Prateik Chaudhary on Duplication of TV shows…|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/exclusive-the-audience-cannot-understand-every-indian-language-and-hence-presenting-good|work=Tellychakar|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928125402/https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/exclusive-the-audience-cannot-understand-every-indian-language-and-hence-presenting-good|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I was told that I might not be finalised for Sindoor Ki Keemat if I didn't lose weight, says Shehzad Shaikh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-told-that-i-might-not-be-finalised-for-sindoor-ki-keemat-if-i-didnt-lose-weight-says-shehzad-shaikh/articleshow/87188090.cms|work=Timesofindia|date=21 October 2021 |access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409075635/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-told-that-i-might-not-be-finalised-for-sindoor-ki-keemat-if-i-didnt-lose-weight-says-shehzad-shaikh/articleshow/87188090.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the remake of the [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]'s Tamil TV series ''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=दंगल टीवी के नए शो "सिंदूर की कीमत" के फर्स्ट एपिसोड की विशेष स्क्रीनिंग|url=https://www.nityasamay.com/4694/|work=Nityasamay|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125090915/https://www.nityasamay.com/4694/|url-status=live}}</ref> The second season, '''''Sindoor Ki Keemat 2''''', was first broadcast on 1 May 2023, and it stars Vaibhavi Hankare and Mohit Hiranandani. The storyline of the show is loosely based on the Tamil TV series ''[[Kannedhirey Thondrinal (TV series)|Kannedhirey Thondrinal]]''.

==Series overview==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! rowspan="2" |Title
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 0 8px" | No. of episodes
! colspan="2" | Originally broadcast
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First aired
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last aired
|-
|style="background:red"|
|align="center"| 1
|'''Sindoor Ki Keemat'''
| align="center" | 481
|align="center"| {{Start date|2021|10|18|df=yes}}
|align="center"| {{End date|2023|04|29|df=yes}}
|-
|style="background:purple"|
|align="center"| 2
|{{Nowrap|'''Sindoor Ki Keemat 2'''}}
| align="center" | 170
|align="center"| {{Start date|2023|05|01|df=yes}}
|align="center"|{{nowrap|21 October 2023}}
|}

== Plot ==
===Season 1===
Mishri is an orphaned woman who lives with her foster father Swamiji. Arjun Awasthi, the son of Prathap Awasthi, is a criminal lawyer who lives with his own family. Mishri and Arjun meet each other, later developing a rivalry. Mishri meets a man named Brij Awasthi, who is willing to find their daughter Anu after she died in a car accident.

Mishri meets Arjun to bail Swamiji. Arjun agrees, and he makes a one-year contract with her to marry him. While the entire family is surprised to see Arjun and Mishri's marriage, as Annapoorna, Arjun's grandmother, starts to blame her for ruining Priya's life.

Priya, Yashoda, and Ballu decide to separate the married couple, but they fail on every attempt. Meanwhile, Arjun and Mishri fall in love with each other, but their one-year contract is terminated. Arjun and Mishri learn about Priya and her friends' plans, exposing them to the family.

Kamini, who is Arjun's childhood obsessive lover, returns by bringing a boy named Ghanti, who claims to be his child. Mishri learns more about Kamini, knowing that Ghanti is not his child and exposes him in front of the family.

Priya kidnaps Mishri's family on the day of [[Dussehra]] festival and tries to kill them. After going through a thorough plastic surgery, Priya marries Arjun's brother, Ashwin. Mishri finds out she is pregnant with Arjun's child, while Anamika decides to kill her child. Mishri tells everyone in front of the family that Anamika is Priya. Anamika escapes and kidnaps Mishri's child, later meeting a man named Dr. Abhimanyu, who helps to get Anamika's child back.

Anamika and Abhimanyu kidnap Mishri's family, and he forces Mishri to marry him. However, Anamika is shot by a policeman when she comes to kill her and her son. Season one concludes when Mishri and Arjun raise their child and with her family.

===Season 2===
Rakesh, an impoverished man, callously swaps two babies at birth for his son (Rana) to live amongst the Tripathis, the wealthiest family, while he takes the true heir of the Tripathi family—a female who he fosters (Meethi).

Rana is a male chauvinist who believes every woman should belong in the kitchen. However, he is later disproven when he meets Meethi, who is working conscientiously in her academic studies to fulfill her dreams of becoming a [[barrister]].

== Cast ==
===Season 1===
''' Main '''
* Vaibhavi Hankare as Anu "Mishri" Arjun Awasthi – Brij and Vidya's long-lost daughter; Swami's foster daughter; Arjun's wife (2021– 2023)
* Shehzad Sheikh as Advocate Arjun Awasthi – A criminal lawyer; Pratap and Kalpana's elder son; Ashwin's brother; Mishti's husband (2021–2023)

'''Recurring '''
* Meena Nathani as Bhagwati – Annapurna's sister; Vidya, Yashoda and Pratap's aunt (2021– 2023)
* Madhavi Gogate as Annapurna Awasthi – [[Matriarchy|Matriarch]] of Awasthis'; Bhagwati's sister; Vidya, Pratap and Yashoda's mother; (2021)
** [[Kiran Bhargava]] replaced Madhavi Gogate as Annapurna Awasthi (2021– 2023)
*** Madhuri Sanjeev replaced [[Kiran Bhargava]] as Annapurna Awasthi (2023)
* Amit Kaushik as Pratap Awasthi – Annapurna's son; Kalpana's husband; Arjun's and Ashwin's father (2021–2022)
* Jaswinder Gardner as Kalpana Awasthi – Pratap's wife; Arjun and Ashwin's mother (2021– 2023)
* Prateik Chaudhary as Ashwin Awasthi – Pratap and Kalpana's younger son; Arjun's brother; Anamika's husband (2021– 2023)
* [[Jyotsna Chandola]] as Priya / Fake "Anu" / Anamika Awasthi (After Plastic Surgery) – Ashwin's wife (2022–2023)
** Prerna Sharma as Priya (2021–2022)
* Siraj Mustafa Khan as Brij Awasthi – A lawyer and businessman; Vidya's husband; Anu's father (2021–2022)
* [[Rajshri Rani]] / [[Dolly Sohi]] as Vidya Awasthi – Annapurna's elder daughter; Brij's wife; Anu's mother (2021) / (2022) (presumed dead)
* Vijay Singh Parmar as Ballu Awasthi – Yashoda's husband (2021– 2023)
* [[Ashita Dhawan]] as Yashoda Awasthi – Annapurna's younger daughter; Arjun, Ashwin and Anu's aunt; Ballu 's wife (2021– 2023)
* Shahab Khan as Swami – Anu's foster father; founder of the orphanage (2021)
* [[Nisha Nagpal]] as Sakshi – Priya's ally (2021)
* Krishnakant Singh Bundela as Panditji (2021)
* [[Chandni Bhagwanani]] as Kamini – Arjun's one-sided obsessive lover (2022)
* Raj Logani as Dr. Abhimanyu (2023)

'''Special appearances'''
* [[Rani Chatterjee]]
* Aleya Ghosh as Paro Shankar Rana from ''[[Ishq Ki Dastaan - Naagmani]]'' (2022)
* [[Shruti Anand]] as Ruchita Nihar Goel from ''[[Mann Sundar]]'' (2023)

===Season 2===
* Vaibhavi Hankare as Meethi Tripathi / Meethi Rana Sharma: Sanjay and Suman's second daughter; Rana's wife (2023)
* Mohit Hiranandani as
** Rana Sharma: Jaya and Rakesh's son; Meethi's husband (2023)
** Pawan: Rana's lookalike; Kavita's husband (2023)
* Harsh Vashisht as Rakesh Sharma: Rakhi's brother; Jaya's husband; Rana's father; Dushyant's murderer (2023)
* [[Shweta Gautam]] as Jaya Sharma: Rakesh's wife; Rana's mother (2023)
* Tiya Gandwani as Suman Shukla Tripathi: Girija's daughter; Kailash's sister; Sanjay’s wife; Divya, Meethi and Baby’s mother (2023)
* Roopa Divetia as Girija Shukla: Suman and Kailash's mother; (2023)
* Ashwin Kaushal as Kailash Shukla: Girija's son; Suman's brother; Madhu's husband (2023)
* [[Shefali Rana]] as Madhu Shukla: Kailash's wife; Lakshman's mother (2023)
* Karan Chhabra as Deepak: Divya's husband; Princy's father (2023)
* Rajeev Kumar as Sanjay Tripathi: Suman's husband; Divya, Meethi and Baby’s father (2023)
* Hemal Soni as Baby Tripathi: Sanjay and Suman's youngest daughter; Divya and Meethi's sister; Dushyant's girlfriend (2023)
* Keshvee Sisodiya as Divya Tripathi: Sanjay and Suman's elder daughter; Deepak's wife; Prince's mother (2023)
* Yash Bhatia as Lakshman Shukla: Kailash and Madhu's son (2023)
* Nyshita Bajaj as Princy: Deepak and Divya's daughter (2023)
* Priya Mishra as Menaka: Nirmal's daughter; Rana's one-sided obsessive lover (2023)
* [[Manish Khanna]] as Nirmal: Menaka's father (2023)
* Ekta Sharma as Rakhi Sharma: Rakesh's sister (2023)
* Shaan Mishra as Dushyant: Baby's boyfriend (2023) (Dead)
* Vaishali Arora as Kavita: Pawan's wife (2023)
* Charanjeet Kaur as Rajani "Rajjo": Tripathi's househelp (2023)
* Mandill Singh (2023)
* Shehzad Sheikh as Pratap Adhikari (2023)
* Lakshya Handa as Pratap's brother (2023)
* Rajesh Dubey as Pandit (2023)

== Production ==
The filming of the show began in October 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=दंगल टीवी का नया धारावाहिक "सिंदूर की कीमत" हुआ लांच, 18 अक्टूबर से होगा ऑन एयर,'ये रिश्ता क्या कहलाता है' फेम ऎक्टर शहजाद शेख दिखेंगे मुख्य भूमिका में|url=https://firstbharat.in/Dangal-TVs-new-serial-Sindoor-Ki-Price-launched-will-go-on-air-from-October-18|work=firstbharat|date=11 October 2021|access-date=11 October 2021|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125074506/https://firstbharat.in/Dangal-TVs-new-serial-Sindoor-Ki-Price-launched-will-go-on-air-from-October-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Producer [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] cast actress Vaibhavi Hankare as well as television actor Shehzad Shaikh,<ref>{{cite web|title=I was told that I might not be finalised for Sindoor Ki Keemat if I didn't lose weight, says Shehzad Shaikh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-told-that-i-might-not-be-finalised-for-sindoor-ki-keemat-if-i-didnt-lose-weight-says-shehzad-shaikh/articleshow/87188090.cms|work=Timesofindia|date=21 October 2021 |access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409075635/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-was-told-that-i-might-not-be-finalised-for-sindoor-ki-keemat-if-i-didnt-lose-weight-says-shehzad-shaikh/articleshow/87188090.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> additionally casting Prerna Sharma.<ref>{{cite web|title=After playing positive characters so far, I am excited about turning negative for the first time, says Prerna Sharma|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-playing-positive-characters-so-far-i-am-excited-about-turning-negative-for-the-first-time-says-prerna-sharma/articleshow/86869538.cms|work=Timesofindia|date=8 October 2021 |access-date=12 October 2021|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408214023/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-playing-positive-characters-so-far-i-am-excited-about-turning-negative-for-the-first-time-says-prerna-sharma/articleshow/86869538.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Madhavi Gogte was replaced by [[Kiran Bhargava]] as the grandmother.<ref>{{cite web|title=किरण भार्गवकी एंट्री हो रही है 'सिंदूर की कीमत' माधवी गोगटे को करेगी रिप्लेस|url=https://emsindia.com/NewsDetail?q=90CCCADF894249106317638BA361EDA8|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125071555/https://emsindia.com/NewsDetail?q=90CCCADF894249106317638BA361EDA8|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Notes
! style="background:#7b0c0c; "| Ref.
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Roja (2018 TV series)|Roja]]'' ''ரோஜா''
| 9 April 2018
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 3 December 2022
| Original
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/cast-and-crew-of-tv-serial-roja-rejoice-as-it-completes-300-episodes/articleshow/68892621.cms|title=Cast and crew of TV serial Roja rejoice as it completes 300 episodes|website=The Times of India|access-date=4 December 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''[[Sevanthi (TV series)|Sevanthi]]'' ''ಸೇವಂತಿ''
| 25 February 2019
| [[Udaya TV]]
| Ongoing
| rowspan="6"| Remake
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sevanthi-celebrates-a-milestone-600-episodes/articleshow/83278019.cms|title=Sevanthi celebrates a milestone 600 episodes|website=The Times of India|access-date=4 December 2022|archive-date=1 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201172616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sevanthi-celebrates-a-milestone-600-episodes/articleshow/83278019.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Roja (2019 TV series)|Roja]]'' ''రోజా''
| 11 March 2019
| [[Gemini TV]]
| 27 March 2020
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/telugu-remake-of-roja-to-launch-soon/articleshow/68151974.cms|title=Telugu remake of 'Roja' to launch soon|date=25 February 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-date=20 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220143723/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/telugu-remake-of-roja-to-launch-soon/articleshow/68151974.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''Sindoor Ki Keemat'' ''सिंदूर की कीमत''
| 18 October 2021
| [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal TV]]
| 29 April 2023
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Newbie Vaibhavi Hankare to play the lead in Gul Khan's next for Dangal|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-newbie-vaibhavi-hankare-to-play-the-lead-in-gul-khans-next-for-dangal/2021/08/12|work=IWMBuzz|date=12 August 2021|access-date=12 August 2021|archive-date=29 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229005422/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-newbie-vaibhavi-hankare-to-play-the-lead-in-gul-khans-next-for-dangal/2021/08/12|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Kaliveedu (TV series)|Kaliveedu]]'' ''കളിവീട്''
| 15 November 2021
| [[Surya TV]]
| Ongoing
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/new-daily-soap-palunku-to-launch-soon-thej-gowda-and-khushi-to-make-their-tv-debut/articleshow/87756247.cms|title=New daily soap 'Palunku' to launch soon; Thej Gowda and Khushi to make their TV debut|newspaper=The Times of India|date=17 November 2021 |access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113051944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/new-daily-soap-palunku-to-launch-soon-thej-gowda-and-khushi-to-make-their-tv-debut/articleshow/87756247.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''[[Saathi (TV series)|Saathi]]'' ''সাথী''
| 7 February 2022
| [[Sun Bangla]]
| 3 August 2024
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Anumita Dutta on her upcoming show 'Saathi' and much more|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/actress-anumita-dutta-on-her-upcoming-show-saathi-and-much-more/cid/1847635|work=My Kolkata|access-date=23 January 2022|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123004115/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/actress-anumita-dutta-on-her-upcoming-show-saathi-and-much-more/cid/1847635|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Odia language|Odia]]
| ''[[Tori Pain To Pain]]''
| 29 May 2023
| [[Tarang TV]]
| Ongoing
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/dharma-yoddha-garud-fame-amit-bhanushali-returns-to-marathi-tv-after-9-years-with-tharla-tar-mag/articleshow/95638965.cms|title=Dharma Yoddha Garud fame Amit Bhanushali returns to Marathi TV after 9 years with Tharla Tar Mag|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 November 2022 |access-date=4 December 2022|archive-date=11 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811232713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/dharma-yoddha-garud-fame-amit-bhanushali-returns-to-marathi-tv-after-9-years-with-tharla-tar-mag/articleshow/95638965.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Marathi
|Tharla Thar Mag
|5 December 2022
|Star Pravah
|Ongoing
|
|
|}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Piya Tose Milne<ref>{{Citation |title=Sindoor Ki Keemat {{!}} सिंदूर की कीमत {{!}} Title Track {{!}} Shaadi Special |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WB6_S-0rVcM |access-date=2023-04-29 |language=en |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429093103/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WB6_S-0rVcM |url-status=live }}</ref>
| type = Soundtrack
| artist =
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2021
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]]
| length = 3:28
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = Enterr10 Television Network
| producer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Tracklisting
| total_length = 7:18
| title1 = Piya Tose Milne
| note1 =
| extra1 =
| title2 = Piya Saware
| length2 = 3:50
| length1 = 3:28
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.saregama.com/ Official website]
* {{IMDb title|tt17065486}}
* [https://www.dangalplay.com/shows/sindoor-ki-keemat-2 ''Sindoor Ki Keemat 2''] on [[Dangal Play]]
{{Works by Saregama}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Dangal TV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]

Ratnagiri

2026-05-03T19:39:34Z

TiffinyAult552: Added New Page - done

{{short description|City in Maharashtra, India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More sources|date=February 2026}}
{{Cleanup|reason=The article needs to be rewritten to be made more encyclopedic|date=February 2026}}
{{Copyedit|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ratnagiri
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Thibaw Palace in Ratnagiri 02.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Thibaw Palace
| nickname =
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1191|frame-width=370|frame-height=300|stroke-width=3|frame-lat=18.92|frame-long=76.68|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|16|59|40|N|73|18|00|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|16|59|40|N|73|18|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konkan Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal council]]
| governing_body = Ratnagiri Municipal Council
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank = City
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 11
| population_total = 327,120
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802875-ratnagiri.html|title=Ratnagiri City Population Census 2011 – Maharashtra|website=Census2011.co.in|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Ratnagirikar, Ratnakar, Girikar
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 415612, 415639
| area_code = 02352
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MH]]
| registration_plate = MH-08
| website = {{URL|www.ratnagiri.nic.in}}
| footnotes = |
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| official_name =
}}
[[File:Temple of Lord MahaLakshmi.jpg|thumb|Bhagwati temple]]
'''Ratnagiri''' ([[IAST]]:Ratnāgirī ; [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]]]) is a [[port]] city on the [[Arabian Sea]] in [[Ratnagiri District]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ratnagiri.nic.in/distGazette/Part2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210151337/http://ratnagiri.nic.in/distGazette/Part2.pdf |title=RATNAGIRI DISTRICT 91 Poisonous|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-02-10|date=2012-02-10|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> in southwestern [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The district is part of the [[Konkan]] division of Maharashtra. Known for the [[Alphonso mango|Hapus]] or [[Alphonso (mango)|Alphonso]] mangoes, it is sometimes colloquially referred to as the "Mango City".

Ratnagiri is the birthplace of [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] activist [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Lokmanya Tilak]].<ref>{{citation |last1=Bhagwat |first1=A.K. |last2=Pradhan |first2=G.P. |title=Lokmanya Tilak – A Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYfMbCXyc3kC |year=2015 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7992-846-2 }}</ref> [[Thibaw Min|Thibaw]], the last king of [[Myanmar|Burma]], alongside his consort [[Supayalat]] and two infant daughters, was exiled to a two-story brick mansion in Ratnagiri in the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Christian|first=John LeRoy|year=1944|title=Thebaw: Last King of Burma|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=3|issue=4|publisher=Association for Asian Studies|pages=309–312|doi=10.2307/2049030|jstor=2049030|s2cid=162578447 }}</ref> The building is now known as Thibaw Palace.

== History ==
{{Section rewrite|it reads more like an essay.|date=January 2025}}
Archaeological evidence suggests the area around Ratnagiri has been settled for at least 12,000 years. It served as the administrative capital under the [[Sultanate of Bijapur]], with its strategic location making it an important military and trade center. The [[Ratnadurg Fort]], originally built by the Bijapur Sultanate, was reconstructed by Maratha king [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] in 1670, who turned it into a key coastal defense post.

In 1731, Ratnagiri came under the control of the Kingdom of Satara, marking the beginning of its integration into the [[Maratha Empire]]. Following the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], the British annexed Ratnagiri to [[British India]] in 1818, further embedding it into the colonial structure.

Ratnagiri holds significant cultural importance as the birthplace of Indian freedom fighter [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], born on 23 July 1856.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birthplace of Lokmanya Tilak {{!}} District Ratnagiri, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://ratnagiri.gov.in/tourist-place/birthplace-of-lokmanya-tilak/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tilak, an influential leader in India’s struggle for independence from the British, moved to [[Pune]] with his family at the age of 10. His early years in Ratnagiri influenced his later revolutionary thoughts.

The city was also a place of exile for [[Thibaw Min|King Thibaw]] of Burma after the British Empire annexed his country. In 1886, King Thibaw, along with his family, was exiled to Ratnagiri, where he lived the rest of his life under British surveillance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-23 |title=The last king of Burma in Ratnagiri |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/the-last-king-of-burma-in-ratnagiri/article9440400.ece |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> His residence, the Thibaw Palace, still stands as a symbol of this chapter in the city’s history.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

Furthermore, [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] was confined in Ratnagiri from 1921 to 1935, first in prison and then under local confinement. His time in Ratnagiri played a pivotal role in shaping his revolutionary ideologies.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

Today, Ratnagiri is known not only for its historical significance but also for its agricultural contributions, especially the famous [[Alphonso mango|Alphonso mangoes]], and its growing role as a cultural and educational hub in Maharashtra.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

== Geography ==
Ratnagiri is located at {{Coord|16.98|N|73.3|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Ratnagiri.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Ratnagiri, India|website=Faiingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 11 meters (36 feet). The [[Sahyadri]] mountains border Ratnagiri to the east.

=== Climate ===
The climate is a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Koppen: Am), with the monsoon providing heavy rain between June and October, with the rest of the year warm and dry, devoid of any rainfall.

{{Weather box|width=auto
| location = Ratnagiri (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 37.3
| Feb record high C = 39.4
| Mar record high C = 40.6
| Apr record high C = 37.5
| May record high C = 37.8
| Jun record high C = 39.0
| Jul record high C = 32.8
| Aug record high C = 34.2
| Sep record high C = 36.1
| Oct record high C = 37.5
| Nov record high C = 38.1
| Dec record high C = 37.2
| year record high C = 40.6
| Jan high C = 32.0
| Feb high C = 32.0
| Mar high C = 32.3
| Apr high C = 32.6
| May high C = 33.3
| Jun high C = 30.8
| Jul high C = 29.0
| Aug high C = 28.9
| Sep high C = 29.7
| Oct high C = 32.4
| Nov high C = 34.0
| Dec high C = 33.0
| year high C = 31.6
|Jan mean C = 25.0
|Feb mean C = 25.5
|Mar mean C = 26.9
|Apr mean C = 28.5
|May mean C = 29.5
|Jun mean C = 27.6
|Jul mean C = 26.6
|Aug mean C = 26.5
|Sep mean C = 26.5
|Oct mean C = 27.7
|Nov mean C = 27.5
|Dec mean C = 26.1
| Jan low C = 18.4
| Feb low C = 19.1
| Mar low C = 21.6
| Apr low C = 24.3
| May low C = 26.0
| Jun low C = 24.8
| Jul low C = 24.3
| Aug low C = 24.1
| Sep low C = 23.7
| Oct low C = 23.4
| Nov low C = 21.9
| Dec low C = 19.8
| year low C = 22.7
| Jan record low C = 11.5
| Feb record low C = 11.6
| Mar record low C = 14.4
| Apr record low C = 16.1
| May record low C = 20.8
| Jun record low C = 19.2
| Jul record low C = 18.4
| Aug record low C = 20.6
| Sep record low C = 20.4
| Oct record low C = 17.7
| Nov record low C = 15.4
| Dec record low C = 13.9
| year record low C = 11.5
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.3
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.2
| Apr rain mm = 1.4
| May rain mm = 38.3
| Jun rain mm = 901.8
| Jul rain mm = 1041.7
| Aug rain mm = 678.1
| Sep rain mm = 416.4
| Oct rain mm = 149.4
| Nov rain mm = 15.1
| Dec rain mm = 2.1
| year rain mm = 3245.0
| Jan rain days = 0.1
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.0
| Apr rain days = 0.2
| May rain days = 2.2
| Jun rain days = 20.0
| Jul rain days = 26.2
| Aug rain days = 24.7
| Sep rain days = 15.1
| Oct rain days = 6.4
| Nov rain days = 1.0
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 96.1
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 56
| Mar humidity = 62
| Apr humidity = 66
| May humidity = 67
| Jun humidity = 81
| Jul humidity = 86
| Aug humidity = 85
| Sep humidity = 81
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 61
| Dec humidity = 55
|year humidity = 69
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = 8 April 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web|access-date=10 April 2020 |archive-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |date=January 2015 |pages=663–664 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |title=Station: Ratnagiri Climatological Table 1981–2010 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |work=Climatological Normals 1981–2010}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M152
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=43110
| title = Normals Data: Ratnagiri – India Latitude: 16.98°N Longitude: 73.33°E Height: 90 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Government and politics ==
The Ratnagiri Municipality was established in 1876.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/places_Ratnagiri.html |title=gazetteer RATNAGIRI (Archived copy) |access-date=15 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123950/http://maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/places_Ratnagiri.html |archive-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Office of the President of the Council was occupied by Mr. Pradeep Salvi of the Shivsena, before it got dismissed due to the completion of the Term. Currently, the Office of the Council President remains vacant with the Administrator and the Chief Officer being in charge of the Municipal Administration.

[[Ratnagiri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]:

[[Uday Samant]] ([[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]), The Incumbent Cabinet Minister of Industries Uday Samant [[Government of Maharashtra]] represents the Ratnagiri constituency in State Assembly since 2004, and has been appointed as the Guardian Minister of the Ratnagiri.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ratnagiri.gov.in/gallery/guardian-minister-hon-uday-samant-inspected-the-damaged-area-of-chanderai/ |title=Guardian Minister Hon. Uday Samant inspected the damaged area of Chanderai | District Ratnagiri, Government of Maharashtra | India }}</ref>

[[Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)]]:

[[Narayan Rane]] ([[BJP]]) represents the [[Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg]] constituency in [[Lok Sabha]], lower house of the parliament since 2024.

== Transport ==
=== Road ===
Ratnagiri is well connected to the other parts of the state and country by National Highways & State Highways. National Highways [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]] ([[Panvel]] – [[Edappally|Edapally]]), [[National Highway 166 (India)|NH 166]] (Ratnagiri – [[Nagpur]]) and Coastal Highway (Rewas – Reddy) pass through the city. [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation|MSRTC]] operates bus services to [[Mumbai]], [[Thane]], [[Vasai]], [[Nala Sopara]], [[Kalyan]], [[Bhiwandi]], [[Pune]], [[Panaji]], [[Nanded]], [[Latur]], [[Tuljapur]], [[Akkalkot]], [[Ambajogai]], [[Beed]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Bhudargad|Gargoti]], [[Gadhinglaj]], [[Narsobawadi|Nrushimhawadi]], [[Ichalkaranji]], [[Sangli]], [[Miraj]], [[Tasgaon]], [[Jat, Sangli|Jat]], [[Uran Islampur|Islampur]], [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Belgaum]], [[Hubli]], [[Bijapur]] and other major towns of the state. [[North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation]] also operates buses from Belgaum, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Indi, Muddebihal, Sindgi, Athani, Jevargi and Talikota. Several private buses regularly ply for [[Mumbai]] and [[Pune]] and a few for [[Kolhapur]], [[Bijapur]].

=== Railways ===
[[Ratnagiri railway station|Ratnagiri]] is a major Railhead on [[Konkan Railway]] route. [[Ratnagiri railway division|Ratnagiri]] is also one of the two divisions of [[Konkan Railway Corporation]]. The city is well connected to [[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]], [[Amritsar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Dehradun]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Bikaner]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Vadodara]], [[Surat]], [[Bhuj]], [[Indore]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Patna]], [[Nagpur]], [[Pune]], [[Margao]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kochi]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kanyakumari]], [[Coimbatore]] and other major towns of the country. Every train passing through the city halts here. Connectivity to western Maharashtra is proposed through [[Vaibhavwadi Road railway station|Vaibhavwadi Road]] – [[Kolhapur]] route.

== See also ==
*[[Chiplun]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}
{{Wikivoyage}}

{{Maharashtra}}
{{Ancient Dharmic centres of Higher Learning}}

[[Category:Ratnagiri]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Arabian Sea]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in India]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ratnagiri district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Konkan]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]

Umreth

2026-04-28T19:34:28Z

TiffinyAult552: New Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Umreth
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = guj
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|41|55|N|73|06|56|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Anand district|Anand]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Umreth Taluka|Umreth]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Umreth Municipal Corporation
| leader_title = Municipal Chief – Pramukh
| leader_name = Kanubhai Shah ([[BJP]])
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 185320
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =GJ
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Anand
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Umreth''' is a [[Municipal governance in India#Nagar Palika (Municipality)|municipality]] (''nagar palika'') and administrative seat for [[Umreth Taluka]] in [[Anand district]], [[Gujarat]], India.<ref name="2001-Gujarat-towns">{{Cite web|title=Know everything about Umreth - History, Eminent Persons |work= MyUmrerh |publisher=The person is resident of Umreth and started website to connect all Umrethians and bring all information and people on one platform |url=https://myumreth.com/ |archiveurl= |archivedate= |date=April2026|last=Myumreth}}</ref> As of 2001 it had a population of 32,191.<ref name="2001-Gujarat-towns" />
[[File:Umreth Bus Station Gujarat.jpg|thumb|Umreth Bus Station]]

==[https://Myumreth.com Eminent persons] people==
* [[Dewang Mehta]], former President of [[NASSCOM]]
* [[Ashok Bhatt]], former Speaker of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
* [[Harihar Khambholja]], former Finance Minister of Gujarat
* [[Meenesh Shah]], Chairman, NDDB

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Anand district]]

Shamla Hamza

2026-04-23T16:33:16Z

TiffinyAult552: New New Details

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_place = [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Actress
| children = 1
}}

'''Shamla Hamza''' is an Indian actress recognized for her role in ''[[Feminichi Fathima]]'', which won her the 2025 [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]]. She made her acting debut in the 2002 Malayalam drama film ''[[1001 Nunakal]].<ref name=":0" />''

==Accolades==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!Notes
!{{Refh}}
|-
|2025
|[[55th Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Feminichi Fathima]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |author= |date=2025-11-04 |title=Who is Shamla Hamza, the accidental actress who won Best Actress at Kerala State Awards for Feminichi Fathima? |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/shamla-hamza-kerala-state-film-awards-2025-feminichi-fathima-2025-11-04-1015794 |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2025-11-03 |title=Kerala State Film Awards: words paved the way for Shamla Hamza to cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-state-film-awards-words-paved-the-way-for-shamla-hamza-to-cinema/article70237065.ece |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Feminichi Fathima' actress Shamla Hamza on winning Kerala State Film Award ; Says Mammootty’s ‘Congratulations’ made her day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/feminichi-fathima-actress-shamla-hamza-on-winning-kerala-state-film-award-says-mammoottys-congratulations-made-her-day/articleshow/125075474.cms |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-04 |title=Shamla Hamza shot for Feminichi Fathima while nursing her 6-month-old; know all about the Kerala State Film Award winner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/shamla-hamza-shot-for-feminichi-fathima-while-nursing-her-6-month-old-know-all-about-the-kerala-state-film-award-winner-101762238177159.html |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!{{Refh}}
|-
|2022
|''[[1001 Nunakal]]''
|Salma
|Debut
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Feminichi Fathima]]''
|Fathima
|{{Won}} {{ndash}} [[55th Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Awards]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamza, Shamla}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Nawabganj, Allahabad Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:07:27Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating Details

{{Short description|Former constituency of Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Distinguish|Nawabganj Assembly constituency|Nawabganj, Bara Banki Assembly constituency}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nawabganj
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type= SLA
| established = 1974
| abolished = 2012
| district = [[Allahabad district|Allahabad]]
| reservation = None
| electors =
}}
'''Nawabganj''' is a former constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was in [[Allahabad district]], now called Prayagraj.<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/api/download?url=LMAhAK6sOPBp%2FNFF0iRfXbEB1EVSLT41NNLRjYNJJP1KivrUxbfqkDatmHy12e%2FzVx8fLfn2ReU7TfrqYobgIrAKrpRHHl6YJ4Q5EEVH2zMUwwV41By7LxYIONuVC9Vr%2F%2BN7sXnVcBsMXgIVrEWgvCh1zBtwm72mAwODimlm7Nzk%2BznOQZFhtTvKNHJqeI%2BB |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=16 July 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
the Delimitation Commission 2002 abolished Nawabganj Legislative Assembly and created a new constituency as [[Phaphamau Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-12 |title=Fafamau Assembly Seat: 1991 और 2017 में खिला कमल, इस बार क्या होगा? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/up-assembly-elections/story/fafamau-assembly-seat-up-election-2022-bjp-congress-sp-bsp-ntc-1372331-2021-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> which came into existence in 2012. [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Ansar Ahmed elected first public representative from the new assembly constituency.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Ram Puajn Patel<ref name=" 1974 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[Muzaffar Hasan|Muzaffer Hasan]]<ref name=" 1977 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher =[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Mohd. Amin<ref name=" 1980 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Jawahar Singh Yadav]]<ref name=" 1985 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Lok Dal}}
|-
| [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Nazam Uddin<ref name=" 1989 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Prabha Shanker Pandey<ref name=" 1991 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Nazam Uddin<ref name=" 1993 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Vikramjeet Maurya<ref name=" 1996 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Ansar Ahmad (Indian politician)|Ansar Ahmad]]<ref name=" 2002 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)}}
|-
| [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| Guru Prasad Maurya<ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Prayagraj district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.571|81.739|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Damodar Sekhar

2026-04-10T08:10:35Z

TiffinyAult552:

{{Short description|Ruler of Panchkot Raj}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox Former Country
| conventional_long_name = Panchkot Raj
| coat of arms =
| image_size =
| caption =
| year_start = 80 AD
| year_end =
| capital = [[Garh Panchkot]]
| title_leader = [[Raja]] (King or Chief)
| leader1 = Maharaja Damodar Shekhar
| year_leader1 = 1st
| today = [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
}}
'''Damodar Shekhar''' was the first king of the Panchkot Raj family, belonging to [[Kudmi Mahato ]] community...
.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eA5DAAAAYAAJ&q=Damodar+Sekhar |title=Journal of Historical Research |date=1979 |publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University. |language=en}}{{request quotation|date=January 2024}}</ref>

==History==
===Panchkot Raj===
The Panchkot Jagir (also known as Zamindari Raj of Panchkot or Chakla Panchkot) was founded about the year 80 AD by Damodar Shekhar. The Panchkot Raj had ruled from their capital at [[Garh Panchkot]] from 940 AD to 1750 AD. However, Bargi attacks laid waste to the place. Around 1750 AD, Panchkot Raj family shifted to [[Kashipur, West Bengal|Kashipur]] and have been there since then. Among the recent members were Raja Bahadur Jyoti Prasad Singh Deo, who ruled from 1901–1938 and was granted the title of Raja as a personal distinction in 1912. Raja Kalyani Prasad Singh Deo ruled from 1938–1945, Raja Shankari Prasad Singh Deo ruled from 1945 to 1956 and Raja Bhubaneswari Prasad Singh Deo ruled from 1956-1972.<ref name=":1">পঞ্চকোট ও মানভূমের সভ্যতা। দিলীপ কুমার গোস্বামী। বজ্রভূমি প্রকাশনী। বিদ্যাসাগর পল্লী। পুরুলিয়া। প্রঃপ্রঃ 20 December 2016. Page:18. (In Bengali)</ref><ref name=":2">পঞ্চকোট ইতিহাস। রাজপুরোহিত রাখাল চন্দ্র চক্রবর্তী। সম্পাদনা: দিলীপ কুমার গোস্বামী। বজ্রভূমি প্রকাশনী।বিদ্যাসাগর পল্লী। পুরুলিয়া। সপ্তম প্রঃ 20 November 2016. প্রঃপ্রঃ 1933. (In Bengali)</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rani Mahal |url=https://wbhc.in/home/place_details/MjFmYWQwOGFjOWE4YWM3NjIzZGM3YmNmMWQ0YTQ0MjFiNGVjYTY5MWQ3Y2MzZTBkMzdkODY2OTNlNTVlZDE2MDU1NjgxNjc5M2EwYjA4YWNlYTc0YjNiOTQwYzQ4NGRhYmJkMjYyNTI4MzI4ODYwMzlhYjNhZWExNWU1MGQxMDUrbVhaSkVKVXFmZFJjaUh3aUFFc2NtMDRGaEZhZmhEQTY4SFB0eXVBTkkwPQ== |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=West Bengal Heritage Commission |language=en-IN |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429055934/https://wbhc.in/home/place_details/MjFmYWQwOGFjOWE4YWM3NjIzZGM3YmNmMWQ0YTQ0MjFiNGVjYTY5MWQ3Y2MzZTBkMzdkODY2OTNlNTVlZDE2MDU1NjgxNjc5M2EwYjA4YWNlYTc0YjNiOTQwYzQ4NGRhYmJkMjYyNTI4MzI4ODYwMzlhYjNhZWExNWU1MGQxMDUrbVhaSkVKVXFmZFJjaUh3aUFFc2NtMDRGaEZhZmhEQTY4SFB0eXVBTkkwPQ== |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Some notable king of sikharbhum dynasty===

In 1244 AD surya sen and veer sen of [[Sena Dynasty]] make an alliance with vishwambhar Sekhar along with gopebhum king.on vijayadashmi 1244 the alliance wind against turk army.

Raja Narayan Singh deo was the commander of 300 horses for Padhshah Shahjehan of Delhi. He died 1632.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |last1=Mandal |first1=Sujit Kumar |title=Angiosperms diversity and ethnobotanical knowledge of some medicinal plants from Panchakot hill, Purulia district, West Bengal. |journal=Biodiversity and Sustainable Resource Management |date=2023 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371573090}}
*{{cite journal |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society |journal=The Asiatic Society |issn=0368-3308 |volume=LXV |issue=4 |url=https://www.asiaticsocietykolkata.org/uploads/Asiatic%20Society%20Journal_2023-(Journal%20Mail).pdf}}

[[Category:Bengali zamindars]]
[[Category:History of Jharkhand]]

Half Ticket (1962 film)

2026-03-28T04:46:39Z

TiffinyAult552:

{{Short description|1962 film}}
{{About||the 2016 film|Half Ticket (2016 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Half Ticket
| image = Half Ticket.jpg

| caption = Film poster
| director = Kalidas
| producer = [[Bombay Talkies]]
| writer = Surid Kar Ramesh Pant
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Madhubala]] [[Kishore Kumar]] [[Pran (actor)|Pran]]
| music = [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| cinematography =
| editing = Raj Talwar
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1962|10|19|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Ticket - Lifetime Box Office Collection, Budget, Reviews, Cast, etc|url=https://bestoftheyear.in/movie/half-ticket/|access-date=2020-12-21|website=BOTY|date=31 January 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| runtime = 168 min.
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}1 crore ({{Estimation}} {{INR}}119 crore as of 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-11-03|title=Worth Their Weight In Gold! {{!}} Box Office India : India's premier film trade magazine {{!}} Bollywood news, reviews, interviews, box office collection|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold/|access-date=2020-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103185138/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold/ |archive-date=3 November 2011 }}</ref>
}}
'''''Half Ticket''''' is a 1962 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Kalidas and produced by [[Bombay Talkies]]. Starring [[Madhubala]], [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], the film revolves around Vijay, a good-for-nothing young man who decides to leave his house when his father forces him to get married.

''Half Ticket'' is one of the last films to star Madhubala, as well as her final collaboration with her husband Kishore Kumar. It was a critical and commercial success and has become a [[cult film]] since its release. In 2020, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' listed the film in its "10 Bollywood comedies to watch in your lifetime".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-15|title=Seriously Funny: 10 Bollywood comedies to watch in your lifetime|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-comedy-films-5454737/|access-date=2020-12-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Vijay ([[Kishore Kumar]]) is the good-for-nothing son of a rich [[industrialist]], who becomes bored of his father's constant railing and the efforts to marry him off, with the intention of getting him "settled" in life. So Vijay walks out of his home and decides to leave for Bombay and start life afresh there. However he does not have enough money for a train ticket.

Vijay gets a burst of inspiration from a plump child called Munna, who is waiting in line with his mother ([[Tun Tun]]), and decides to pass himself off as a child in order to get the [[eponymous]] half-ticket.

Now disguised as Munna, Vijay is used as a [[mule (smuggling)|mule]] for a diamond smuggler ([[Pran (actor)|Pran]]) without his knowledge. On the train, Vijay also meets Rajnidevi ([[Madhubala]]) and falls in love with her.

The rest of the film follows Vijay's exploits as he avoids capture by the diamond smuggler and his girlfriend ([[Shammi (actress)|Shammi]]), romances Rajnidevi while avoiding her auntie-ji ([[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]]), and reunites with his father.

==Cast==
* [[Madhubala]] as Rajnidevi / Asha
* [[Kishore Kumar]] as Vijaychand vald Lalchand vald Dhyanchand vald Hukumchand alias Munna alias Prannath / Vijay's Mother (Double Role)
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Notorious Thief Raja Babu aka Chacha
* [[Shammi (actress)|Shammi]] as Lily Raja Babu's Mistress
* [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]] as Asha's Aunty
* [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]] as Special Appearance
* Moni Chaterjee as Seth Lalchand Vijay's Father
* [[Tun Tun]] as the Real Munna's Mother
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Stage Dancer in the song "Woh Ek Nigah" (Special Appearance)

==Production==
{{Empty section|date=March 2020}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Half Ticket
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| released = {{Start date|1962}}<ref name="Apple Music">{{Cite web |date=1962 |title=Half Ticket |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/half-ticket-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1338719747|publisher=Apple Music|access-date=12 January 2024}}</ref>
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=27|s=}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer = [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| prev_title = Sapne Suhane
| prev_year = 1961
| next_title = Sunbai
| next_year = 1962
| chronology = [[Salil Chowdhury]]
}}
{{Track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
| all_music = [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| headline = Songs
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Are Le Lo Ji Hai Yeh Dil Ka Heera
| length1 = 3:35
| extra1 = [[Kishore Kumar]]
| title2 = Chand Raat Tum Ho Saath
| length2 = 4:03
| extra2 = [[Kishore Kumar]] & [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| title3 = Ankhon Mein Tum Dil Mein Tum Ho
| length3 = 4:09
| extra3 = [[Kishore Kumar]] & [[Geeta Dutt]]
| title4 = Aake Seedhi Lage Dil Pe Jaise
| length4 = 3:40
| extra4 = [[Kishore Kumar]]
| title5 = Woh Ek Nigah Kya Mili
| length5 = 4:14
| extra5 = [[Kishore Kumar]] & [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| title6 = Chil Chil Chilla Ke
| length6 = 4:16
| extra6 = [[Kishore Kumar]]
| title7 = Are Wah Re Mere Malik
| length7 = 3:15
| extra7 = [[Kishore Kumar]]
| total_length = {{Duration|m=27|s=00}}
}}

== Release ==
''Half Ticket'' was released on October 19, 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Ticket - Lifetime Box Office Collection, Budget, Reviews, Cast, etc|url=https://bestoftheyear.in/movie/half-ticket/|access-date=2020-12-21|website=BOTY|date=31 January 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
Critic reviews were generally positive. [[Sukanya Verma]] wrote, "Fabulous soundtrack, frolicking premise and frothy dialogues led by the King of Comedy (Kumar) and Queen of vivacity (Madhubala), there is nothing half-hearted about this [film]."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sukanya|title=Half Ticket: Kishore Kumar's return ticket to childhood!|url=http://www.sukanyaverma.com/2013/09/half-ticket-kishore-kumars-return-ticket-to-childhood/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212225239/http://www.sukanyaverma.com/2013/09/half-ticket-kishore-kumars-return-ticket-to-childhood/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 December 2018|access-date=2020-12-21|website=Sukanya Verma|language=en-US}}</ref>

A review on the website ''Filmi Geek'' stated, "The movie makes a little more sense than that—only a little—but it matters not at all, as Kishore Kumar's limitless zany energy, Madhubala's irresistible charm, and several absolutely superb songs combine to make ''Half Ticket'' a delightful and hysterical ride."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Ticket (1962)|url=https://www.filmigeek.com/2011/09/half-ticket-1962.html|access-date=2020-12-21|website=Filmi Geek}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
In India, the film had a box-office [[Gross revenue|gross]] of [[Indian rupee|₹]]1 [[crore]], with a [[Net income|nett]] of ₹0.5 crore, becoming the twelfth highest-grossing film of 1962.<ref>{{Cite book|last=India|first=Box Office|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg==|title=Top Earners 1962|publisher=boxofficeindia.com|access-date=15 August 2020|archive-date=14 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014080632/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg==|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Best of the Year gave its inflation-adjusted nett as ₹251 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Half Ticket - Lifetime Box Office Collection, Budget, Reviews, Cast, etc|url=https://bestoftheyear.in/movie/half-ticket/|access-date=2020-12-05|website=BOTY|date=31 January 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Box Office'' magazine calculated its inflation-adjusted gross by comparing the collection with the price of [[gold]] in 1962, which gave it an adjusted gross of ₹119 crore in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-11-03|title=Worth Their Weight In Gold! {{!}} Box Office India : India's premier film trade magazine {{!}} Bollywood news, reviews, interviews, box office collection|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold/|access-date=2020-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103185138/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold/ |archive-date=3 November 2011 }}</ref>

==Legacy==
''Half Ticket'' is considered an important [[comedy film]] made in 1960s [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Clean Comedy Films in Hindi in 100 years from 1913-2013|url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls000026939/|access-date=2020-12-05|website=IMDb|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0056052}}

[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1962 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Salil Chowdhury]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]
[[Category:1962 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic comedy films]]

Australia–India cricket rivalry

2026-03-25T23:23:36Z

TiffinyAult552: Put Up Basic Bio W/ Refs...

{{Short description|Australia-India cricket rivalry}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox sports rivalry
| name = Australia–India cricket rivalry
| other names =
| image = Cricket 6.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[2023 Cricket World Cup final]] match between India and Australia.
| team1 = [[India National Cricket Team|India]]
| team1logo =
| team2 = [[Australia National Cricket Team|Australia]]
| team2logo =
| first contested = {{Ubl
| [[Test cricket|Test]]: 28 November-4 December 1947
(Australia won by an innings and 226 runs)
| [[One Day International|ODI]]: 6 December 1980
(India won by 66 runs)
| [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]: 22 September 2007
(India won by 15 runs)
}}
| mostrecent = {{Ubl
| [[Test cricket|Test]]: 3-5 January 2025
(Australia won by 6 wickets)
| [[One Day International|ODI]]: 25 October 2025
(India won by 9 wickets)
| [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]: 8 November 2025
(No result)
}}
| nextmeeting = {{Ubl
| [[Test cricket|Test]]: January 2027
| [[One Day International|ODI]]: TBD
| [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] TBD
}}
| teams involved = {{Ubl
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national cricket team|India]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]
}}
| trophy = {{Ubl
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national cricket team|India]]: 8 (2 Cricket World Cup, 3 T20 World Cup, 3 Champions Trophy)
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]: 10 (6 Cricket World Cup, 1 T20 World Cup, 2 Champions Trophy, 1 World Test Championship)
}}
| most wins = {{Ubl
| Test: (Australia 48; India 33)
| ODI: (Australia 86; India 59)
| T20I: (India 22; Australia 12)
}}
| total = {{Ubl
| Test: 112
| ODI: 155
| T20I: 37
}}
| series =
| sport = [[Cricket]]
}}
The '''Australia–India cricket rivalry''' is a rivalry within the sport of [[cricket]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=India vs Australia: A rivalry of cricket, for cricket and by cricket |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-australia-a-rivalry-of-cricket-for-cricket-and-by-cricket-101700309864072.html |work=Hindistan Times}}</ref> The matches between these countries are known for their intensity and competitiveness and are considered some of the biggest in the world.

==History==
Australia and India first played Test cricket against each other in 1947, but it's over the last two decades that the rivalry has grown into one of the dominant duels in the game.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India-Australia rivalry |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-vs-australia-a-history-of-enthralling-contests-1355998}}</ref>

==Results==
''As of 8 November 2025''

The two sides have played a total of 304 times. Australia has won 146 matches compared to India's 114 victories.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Format
!Matches played
! style="background:#99ccff;"|India won
! style="background:#fdea60;"|Australia won
!Draw/No Result
|-
!Test
| 112 || 33 || '''48'''|| 31
|-
!ODI
| 155 || 59 || '''86'''|| 10
|-
!T20I
| 37 || '''22'''|| 12 || 3
|-
!Total || 304 || 114 || 146 || 44
|}
*'''Bold''' indicates most wins.

===ICC matches===
Australia has the better record in the ICC ODI Cricket World Cups, having faced India 14 times and won on 9 occasions. In the [[2003 Cricket World Cup final|2003 Cricket World Cup Final]], Australia defeated India by 125 runs. The last time the two cricket frenzy nations clashed in an ODI World Cup match, it was in the [[2023 Cricket World Cup final]] played in [[Ahmedabad]], where Australia once again defeated India in the final, winning by 6 wickets.

In ICC T20 World Cups, India has won 4 out of the 6 meetings against Australia, including their semi-final victory in the inaugural [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007 ICC T20 World Cup]] by 15 runs.

In ICC Champions Trophy, India has the better record in head to head matches against Australia, winning three of the four matches that ended in a result.

The two teams also played an ICC World Test Championship final in 2023, which Australia won by 209 runs.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Head to Head results in ICC events
|-
! Tournament !! Matches played !! style="background:#99ccff;"|{{cr|IND}} won !! style="background:#fdea60;"|{{CR|AUS}} won !! Draw/No result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] || 14 || 5|| '''9''' || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[ICC T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]] || 6 || '''4'''|| 2 || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]|| 5 || '''3''' || 1 || 1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[World Test Championship#Results|World Test Championship Finals]]|| 1 || 0 || '''1'''|| 0
|-
! Total || 26 || 12 || 13 || 1
|}

==ICC tournaments won==
The two countries have played in World Cups, the Champions Trophy, and the [[World Test Championship]], all of which are organised by the governing body of world cricket, the [[International Cricket Council]]. Australia has won 10 ICC tournaments compared to India's 8. At senior-level, Australia has won 10 ICC trophies (6 Cricket World Cups, 1 T20 World Cup, 2 Champions Trophy, 1 World Test Championship), while India has won 8 (2 Cricket World Cup, 3 T20 World Cup, 3 Champions Trophy).

Australia has won the [[ICC Cricket World Cup]] six times and India has done so twice. India has won the [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] thrice (in 2007, 2024 and 2026) and Australia has won it once (2021). In the [[ICC Champions Trophy]], another ODI tournament, India has won the trophy 3 times while Australia have won it 2 times. Australia has won the World Test Championship once, although India finished as runners-up in both the editions, having played in the finals.

{| class="wikitable" " style="text-align:center"
!Tournament !!style="background:#99ccff;"| India !!style="background:#fdea60;"| Australia
|-
|[[ICC Cricket World Cup]] || 2 || '''6'''
|-
|[[ICC T20 World Cup]] || '''3''' || 1
|-
|[[ICC Champions Trophy]] || '''3'''|| 2
|-
|[[World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship]] || 0 || '''1'''
|-
|[[ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup| ICC U-19 Cricket World Cup]] || '''6''' || 4
|-
!Total || 14 || 14
|-
|}
===ICC ODI World Cups (Head to Head Results)===
{{Main|ICC Cricket World Cup}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" " style="text-align:center" style="font-size: 90%"
!Year
!Stage
!Venue
!Result
!Player of the match
!Scorecard
!{{abbr|Ref|Reference}}
|-
!rowspan=2 |[[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]
| rowspan="2" |Group Stage
|[[Trent Bridge]], [[Nottingham]], England
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 162 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Trevor Chappell]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832/australia-vs-india-11th-match-65074/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
|[[County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford|County Ground]], [[Chelmsford]], England
|{{cr|IND}} won by 118 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Roger Binny]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832/australia-vs-india-23rd-match-65086/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]]
| rowspan="2" |Group Stage
|[[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 1 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Geoff Marsh]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876/india-vs-australia-3rd-match-65093/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
|[[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
|{{cr|IND}} won by 56 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876/india-vs-australia-15th-match-65105/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
![[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]
|Group Stage
|[[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]], Australia
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 1 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Dean Jones (cricketer)|Dean Jones]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/benson-hedges-world-cup-1991-92-60924/australia-vs-india-12th-match-65129/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
![[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]
|Group Stage
|[[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 16 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Mark Waugh]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981/india-vs-australia-19th-match-65174/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
![[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]
|Group Stage
|[[The Oval]], [[London]], England
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 77 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Glenn McGrath]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-1999-61046/australia-vs-india-1st-super-65223/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
!rowspan=2 |[[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]
|Group Stage
|[[Centurion Park]], [[Centurion]], South Africa
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 9 wickets
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Jason Gillespie]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124/australia-vs-india-11th-match-65244/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-bgcolor=gold
|[[2003 Cricket World Cup Final|Final]]
|[[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 125 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Ricky Ponting]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124/australia-vs-india-final-65286/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Stern |first=John |title=Final – 2003 World Cup: Australia v India |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155888.html |website=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]] |publisher=reprinted by ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605234014/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155888.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65286.html |title=ICC World Cup, Final: Australia v Sri Lanka at Johannesburg, Mar 23, 2003 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=24 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428100407/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65286.html |archive-date=28 April 2015 }}</ref>
|-bgcolor=lightgreen
![[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]
|Quarter-Final
|[[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
|{{cr|IND}} won by 5 wickets
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Yuvraj Singh]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/india-vs-australia-2nd-quarter-final-433601/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-bgcolor=silver
![[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]
|Semi-Final
|[[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]], Australia
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 95 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steven Smith]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587/australia-vs-india-2nd-semi-final-656493/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
![[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]
|Group Stage
|[[The Oval]], [[London]], England
|{{cr|IND}} won by 36 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Shikhar Dhawan]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415/australia-vs-india-14th-match-1144496/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
|
|-
!rowspan=2|[[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]
|Group Stage
|[[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
|{{cr|IND}} won by 6 wickets
|{{cricon|IND}} [[KL Rahul]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856/india-vs-australia-5th-match-1384396/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-bgcolor=gold
|[[2023 Cricket World Cup final|Final]]
|[[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 6 wickets
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Travis Head]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856/india-vs-australia-final-1384439/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|<ref>{{cite news |last=ET Online |date=22 March 2023 |title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2023 final to be held at Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-final-to-be-held-at-narendra-modi-stadium-in-ahmedabad/articleshow/98908002.cms |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116181534/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-final-to-be-held-at-narendra-modi-stadium-in-ahmedabad/articleshow/98908002.cms |archive-date=16 November 2023 |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=India Today Sports Desk |date=16 November 2023 |title=World Cup: 20 years after Johannesburg classic, India and Australia to meet in final in Ahmedabad |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/world-cup-2023-final-india-vs-australia-narendra-modi-stadium-ahmedabad-rohit-sharma-pat-cummins-2463851-2023-11-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118212432/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/world-cup-2023-final-india-vs-australia-narendra-modi-stadium-ahmedabad-rohit-sharma-pat-cummins-2463851-2023-11-16 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1384439.html |title=Final: Final, ICC Cricket World Cup at Ahmedabad, Nov 19 2023 |access-date=19 November 2023 |date=19 November 2023}}</ref>
|}

===ICC Men's T20 World Cups (Head to Head Results)===
{{Main|Men's T20 World Cup}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" " style="text-align:center" style="font-size: 90%"
!Year
!Stage
!Venue
!Result
!Player of the match
!Scorecard
!{{abbr|Ref|Reference}}
|-bgcolor=silver
! [[2007 World Twenty20|2007]]
|Semi-Final
|[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]], [[Durban]], South Africa
|{{cr|IND}} won by 15 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Yuvraj Singh]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109/australia-vs-india-2nd-semi-final-287878/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
! [[2010 World Twenty20|2010]]
|Super 8s
|[[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]], Barbados
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 49 runs
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2010-412671/australia-vs-india-15th-match-group-f-412691/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
! [[2012 World Twenty20|2012]]
|Super 8s
|[[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 9 wickets
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Shane Watson]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2012-13-531597/australia-vs-india-16th-match-group-2-533287/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
! [[2014 World Twenty20|2014]]
|Super 10
|[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium|Sher-e-Bangla Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|{{cr|IND}} won by 73 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/world-t20-2013-14-628368/australia-vs-india-28th-match-group-2-682951/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
! [[2016 World Twenty20|2016]]
|Super 10
|[[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]], India
|{{cr|IND}} won by 6 wickets
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Virat Kohli]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/world-t20-2015-16-901359/india-vs-australia-31st-match-super-10-group-2-951363/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
! [[2024 Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]
|Super 8
|[[Daren Sammy Cricket Ground|Daren Sammy Ground]], [[Gros Islet]], Saint Lucia
|{{cr|IND}} won by 24 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Rohit Sharma]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166/australia-vs-india-51st-match-super-eights-group-1-1415751/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|}

===ICC Champions Trophy (Head to Head Results)===
{{Main|ICC Champions Trophy}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" " style="text-align:center" style="font-size: 90%"
!Year
!Stage
!Venue
!Result
!Player of the match
!Scorecard
!{{abbr|Ref|Reference}}
|-bgcolor=lightgreen
![[1998 ICC Champions Trophy|1998]]
|Quarter-final
|[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|{{cr|IND}} won by 44 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|[http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66165.html Scorecard]
|
|-bgcolor=lightgreen
![[2000 ICC Champions Trophy|2000]]
|Quarter-final
|[[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]], Kenya
|{{cr|IND}} won by 20 runs
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Yuvraj Singh]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66173.html Scorecard]
|
|-
![[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
|Group stage
|[[PCA Stadium|Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], India
|{{cr|AUS}} won by 6 wickets
|{{cricon|AUS}} [[Damien Martyn]]
|[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694/india-vs-australia-18th-match-249756/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|
|-
![[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]
|Group stage
|[[SuperSport Park]], [[Centurion]], South Africa
|No result
|
|[http://www.cricinfo.com/iccct2009/engine/match/415281.html Scorecard]
|
|-
|-bgcolor=silver
![[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]
|Semi-final
|[[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]], [[Dubai]], [[UAE]]
|{{cr|IND}} won by 4 wickets
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Virat Kohli]]
|[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2024-25-1459031/australia-vs-india-1st-semi-final-1466426/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
|<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 March 2025 |title=ICC Champions Trophy 2025: India to face Australia in semifinal on March 4 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/champions-trophy/who-will-india-play-in-semifinal-icc-champions-trophy-ind-vs-australia-march-4-dubai-venue/article69282624.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|}

==List of Test series==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Series
! scope="col" | Season
! scope="col" | Host team
! scope="col" | Tests
! scope="col" | {{flagicon|AUS}}Australia
! scope="col" |{{flagicon|IND}} India
! scope="col" | Drawn
! scope="col" | Tied
!Australia Captain
!India Captain
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Result
!Most runs and wkts
!Player of the series
|-
|1
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1947–48|1947–48]]
| {{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|5}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Don Bradman]]
|[[Lala Amarnath]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="#fdea60" |{{flagicon|AUS}} Australia
|[[Don Bradman]] (715 runs) [[Ray Lindwall]] (18 wkts)
|
|-
|2
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1956–57|1956–57]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Ian Johnson (cricketer)|Ian Johnson]] [[Ray Lindwall]] (2nd test)
|[[Polly Umrigar]]
|[[Neil Harvey]] (253 runs) [[Richie Benaud]] (23 wkts)
|
|-
|3
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1959–60|1959–60]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{center|5}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Richie Benaud]]
|[[Gulabrai Ramchand]]
|[[Nari Contractor]] (438 runs) [[Richie Benaud]] (29 wkts)
|
|-
|4
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1964–65|1964–65]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]]
|[[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]]
| bgcolor="#d8d8d8" | Drawn
|[[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]] (292 runs) [[Bapu Nadkarni]] (17 wkts)
|
|-
|5
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1967–68|1967–68]]
| {{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]] (1st, 2nd tests) [[Bill Lawry]]
|[[Chandu Borde]] (1st test) [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[Bob Cowper]] (485 runs) [[E.A.S. Prasanna]] (17 wkts)
|
|-
|6
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1969–70|1969–70]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{center|5}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Bill Lawry]]
|[[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]]
|[[Keith Stackpole]] (368 runs) [[Ashley Mallett]] (17 wkts)
|
|-
|7
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1977–78|1977–78]]
| {{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|5}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]]
|[[Bishan Singh Bedi]]
|[[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]] (539 runs) [[Bishan Singh Bedi|Bishan Bedi]] (31 wkts)
|
|-
|8
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1979–80|1979–80]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{center|6}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Kim Hughes]]
|[[Sunil Gavaskar]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{Flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Kim Hughes]] (594 runs) [[Kapil Dev]] (28 wkts)
|
|-
|9
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1980–81|1980–81]]
| {{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Greg Chappell]]
|[[Sunil Gavaskar]]
| bgcolor="#d8d8d8" | Drawn
|[[Greg Chappell]](368 runs)
[[Dennis Lillee]](21 wkts)
|
|-
|10
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1985–86|1985–86]]
| {{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|0}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Allan Border]]
|[[Kapil Dev]]
| bgcolor="#d8d8d8" | Drawn
|[[Sunil Gavaskar]](356 runs)
[[Shivlal Yadav]](15 wkts)
|
|-
|11
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1986–87|1986–87]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|1}}
|[[Kapil Dev]]
| bgcolor="#d8d8d8" | Drawn
|[[Dean Jones (cricketer)|Dean Jones]] (371 runs)
[[Greg Matthews]] (14 wkts)
|
|-
|12
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1991–92|1991–92]]
| {{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|5}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Mohammad Azharuddin]]
| bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[David Boon]] (556 runs)
[[Craig McDermott]] (31 wkts)
|
|-
|13
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1996–97|1996–97]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Mark Taylor (cricketer)|Mark Taylor]]
|[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Nayan Mongia]] (152 runs )
[[Anil Kumble]] (9 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nayan Mongia]]
|-
|14
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 1997–98|1997–98]]
|{{cr|IND}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Mohammad Azharuddin|Mohd Azharuddin]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Sachin Tendulkar]] (446 runs)
[[Anil Kumble]] (23 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|-
|15
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1999–2000|1999–2000]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Steve Waugh]]
|[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
| bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[Ricky Ponting]] (375 runs)
[[Glenn McGrath]] (18 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|-
|16
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2000–01|2000–01]]
|{{cr|IND}}
| {{center|3}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Sourav Ganguly]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Matthew Hayden]] (549 runs)
[[Harbhajan Singh]] (32 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harbhajan Singh]]
|-
|17
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04|2003–04]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Sourav Ganguly]]
| bgcolor="#d8d8d8" | Drawn
|[[Ricky Ponting]] (706 runs)
[[Anil Kumble]] (24 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Dravid]]
|-
|18
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2004–05|2004–05]]
|{{cr|IND}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Adam Gilchrist]] (1-3 Tests) [[Ricky Ponting]] (4th Test)
|[[Sourav Ganguly]] (1st, 2nd Tests) [[Rahul Dravid]] (3rd, 4th Tests)
| bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[Damien Martyn]] (444 runs)
[[Anil Kumble]] (27 wickets)
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Damien Martyn]]
|-
|19
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2007–08|2007–08]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Ricky Ponting]]
|[[Anil Kumble]]
| bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[Sachin Tendulkar]] (493 runs)
[[Brett Lee]] (24 wkts)
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Brett Lee]]
|-
|20
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2008–09|2008–09]]
|{{cr|IND}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Anil Kumble]] (1st and 3rd tests) [[MS Dhoni]](2nd and 4th tests)
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Gautam Gambhir]] (463 runs)
[[Ishant Sharma]] (15 wkts)
[[Harbhajan Singh]] (15 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishant Sharma]]
|-
|21
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2010–11|2010–11]]
|{{cr|IND}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[MS Dhoni]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Sachin Tendulkar]] (403 runs)
[[Zaheer Khan]] (12 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|-
|22
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2011–12|2011–12]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]]
|[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni|MS Dhoni]] (1st–3rd Tests) [[Virender Sehwag]] (4th Test)
| bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] (626 runs)
[[Ben Hilfenhaus]] (27 wkts)
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]]
|-
|23
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2012–13|2012–13]]
|{{cr|IND}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] [[Shane Watson]] (4th test)
|[[MS Dhoni]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Murali Vijay]] (430 runs)
[[Ravichandran Ashwin]] (29 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
|-
|24
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2014–15|2014–15]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] (1st test) [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]]
|[[Virat Kohli]] (1st, 4th tests) [[MS Dhoni]] (2nd, 3rd tests)
| bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] (769 runs)
[[Nathan Lyon]] (23 wkts)
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]]
|-
|25
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2016–17|2016–17]]
|{{cr|IND}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]]
|[[Virat Kohli]] [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (4th test)
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] (499 runs)
[[Ravindra Jadeja]] (25 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
|-
|26
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19|2018–19]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
| {{center|4}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Tim Paine]]
|[[Virat Kohli]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff" | {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Cheteshwar Pujara]] (521 runs)
[[Jasprit Bumrah]](21 wkts)
[[Nathan Lyon]](21 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Cheteshwar Pujara]]
|-
|27
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21|2020–21]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
|{{center|4}}
|{{center|1}}
|{{center|2}}
|{{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Tim Paine]]
|[[Virat Kohli]] (1st test) [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff"| {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Marnus Labuschagne]] (426 runs)
[[Pat Cummins]] (21 wkts)
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Pat Cummins]]
|-
|28
|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23|2022–23]]
|{{cr|IND}}
|{{center|4}}
|{{center|1}}
|{{center|2}}
|{{center|1}}
| {{center|0}}
|[[Pat Cummins]] [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] (3rd & 4th tests)
|[[Rohit Sharma]]
| bgcolor="#99ccff"| {{flagicon|IND}}India
|[[Usman Khawaja]] (333 runs) [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] (25 wkts)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravindra Jadeja]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
|-
|29
|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2024–25|2024-25]]
|{{cr|AUS}}
|5
|3
|1
|1
|0
|[[Pat Cummins]]
|[[Rohit Sharma]](2nd - 4th Tests) [[Jasprit Bumrah]](1st & 5th tests)
| bgcolor="#fdea60" | {{Flagicon|AUS}}Australia
|[[Travis Head]](448 runs) [[Jasprit Bumrah]](32 wkts)
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
|}

==See also==
* {{anl|The Ashes}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Australia national cricket team}}
{{India national cricket team}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Australia-India cricket rivalry}}
[[Category:India in international cricket]]
[[Category:Australia in international cricket]]
[[Category:Cricket rivalries]]
[[Category:Sports rivalries in Australia]]
[[Category:Sports rivalries in India]]
[[Category:Australia–India sports relations|Cricket]]

Mizo calendar

2026-03-25T20:17:54Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating A Page

{{Short description|Traditional calendar of the Mizo people}}
The '''Mizo calendar''' is a traditional [[lunisolar calendar]] utilized by the [[Mizo people]] of northeast India.
This calendar comprises 12 months, each closely associated with the [[Mizo culture|cultural]], agricultural, and [[Mizo religion|spiritual practices]] of the Mizo people.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327745581_Mizo_Indigenous_Calendar_A_Source_of_Mizo_Indigenous_Knowledge_and_Identity| title = Mizo Indigenous Calendar: A Source of Mizo Indigenous Knowledge and Identity| last = Lalmalsawmzauva| first = K.C.| date = February 2016| website = researchgate.net| access-date = 24 December 2024| quote = There were 12 months in the Mizo Indigenous calendar, which were chiefly associated with agriculture practice system; their knowledge on weather, climate and surrounding environments has been clearly revealed.}}</ref>

Traditionally, the Mizo people observed the moon's phases. They counted approximately 14 days from the moon's first appearance in the sky to its full moon phase. Similarly, they believed it took another 14 days for the moon to fade completely after the full moon stage. The 15th night, when the moon neither fully waxed nor waned, was considered unique and not part of either phase. Based on these calculations, each lunar month was determined to be 29 days long.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dokhuma |first=James |date=2004 |title=Tawng Un Hrilfiahna |publisher=R. Lalrawna |language=lus}}</ref>

==Months==
{| class="wikitable"
![[Mizo language|Mizo]]
!Relation to climate/agriculture/environment/festival
!Main activities
!Gregorian-Roman equivalents
|-
|Pawlkût thla
|Agriculture/festival season
|Celebration of the New Year.
|January
|-
|Ramtuk thla
|Agriculture/dry month
|Selection of new [[jhum]] plots and preparation by cutting down trees.
|February
|-
|Vau thla
|Flower and fruit
|New flowers, particularly ''Vaube'' ([[Bauhinia variegata]]), bloom; burning of dried slash from cleared trees.
|March
|-
|Ṭau thla
|Flower and Fruit
|Ripening of local berries like ''Hmutau'' ([[Rubus ellipticus]]).
|April
|-
|Ṭomir thla
|Weather and Climate
|Beginning of the monsoon season; sowing seeds.
|May
|-
|Nikir thla
|Weather and Climate
|The sun begins its southward journey; cultivation in jhum fields.
|June
|-
|Vawkhniahzawn thla
|Weather and Climate
|Peak rainfall season.
|July
|-
|Thitin thla
|Spiritual/Sacred season
|Period of solemnity; marriage and merrymaking are forbidden.
|August
|-
|Mimkût thla
|Agriculture/festival
|Harvesting corn
|September
|-
|Khuangchawi thla
|Agriculture/festival
|Festive season with the brightest moonlight.
|October
|-
|Sahmulphah thla
|Weather and Climate
|Onset of the winter season.
|November
|-
|Pawltlak thla
|Agriculture
|End of the agricultural year; harvesting rice.
|December
|}

==Summer solstice==
The Mizo people identified the 21st day of the Nikir month as the longest day of the year, known in modern terms as the [[summer solstice]]. They referred to this day as ''Lalmanga Nu Lawmrawih Ni''—a name rooted in an enduring local folktale. The term Nikir translates to "returning of the sun."{{citation needed|date= December 2024}}

According to tradition, a widow called Lalmanga Nu ([[Literal translation|lit]]. 'mother of Lalmanga') recognised the significance of this day and annually encouraged her friends to work in her [[jhum]] fields on the 21st day of Nikir to maximize labour input during the longest day. After ''Lalmanga Nu Lawmrawih Ni,'' the Mizo believed that the sun began its "return," causing days to grow progressively shorter.<ref>{{cite web|title=LALMANGA NU HLAWH RAWIH NI (June 21 - Equator hmar lam ni rei ber ni)|url=https://www.vanglaini.org/article/118655?date=2024-06-21|last=Lalaudinga|first=C.|date=21 June 2024}}</ref>

==Key dates==
* [[Chapchar Kut]] – first Friday of Vau thla.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{calendars}}
{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:Mizo|Calendar]]
[[Category:Ancient calendars]]
[[Category:Lunar calendars]]
[[Category:Lunisolar calendars]]
[[Category:Time in India]]
[[Category:Calendars]]

Ravneshwar Prasad Singh

2026-03-23T15:55:45Z

TiffinyAult552: Added New Biography - done

{{short description|Maharaja of Gidhaur 1885/1923}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ravneshwar Prasad Singh
| image =
| caption =
| module = {{Infobox royalty
| embed = yes
| succession = [[Maharaja]] of [[Gidhaur chieftaincy|Gidhaur]]
| reign = {{circa|1885}} – {{circa|1923}}
| predecessor = Shiv Prasad Singh
| successor = Chandra Mouleshwar Prasad Singh
| dynasty = [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandel]]
| father = Shiv Prasad Singh
| birth_date = {{circa|1860}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1923|1860}}
| module = {{Infobox person
| embed = yes
| children = Chandra Mouleshwar Prasad Singh
}}
}}
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]]
}}
[[Sir]] '''Ravneshwar Prasad Singh''' was the [[Maharaja]] of [[Gidhaur chieftaincy|Gidhaur]] from 1885 until his death in 1923.
==Early life, education, and family==
He was born in 1860 to Shiv Prasad Singh, the [[Maharaja]] of [[Gidhaur chieftaincy|Gidhaur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Vadivelu |first=A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ruling_Chiefs_Nobles_and_Zamindars_o/LfoxAQAAMAAJ? |title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles and Zamindars of India |date=1915 |publisher=G.C. Loganadham |pages=514–519 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Feudatory_and_zemindari_India/IBUnAQAAIAAJ |title=The Feudatory and zemindari India |date=1922 |pages=308–313 |language=en}}</ref> He was brought up by his grandfather Jaimangal Singh and was educated in [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He was taught [[Vedanta]] and other [[Hindu texts]] and was given a course in the details of estate management.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He married in 1885 and had one son, Chandra Mouleshwar Prasad Singh, and three daughters, who went on to marry in Kanore, Neemrana and Diggi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=http://archive.org/details/goldenbookofindi00lethuoft |title=The golden book of India, a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes, chiefs, nobles, and other personages, titled or decorated, of the Indian empire |date=1893 |publisher=London Macmillan |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |pages=152–153}}</ref>

==Reign==
Upon the death of his father in 1885, he succeeded him on the throne of [[Gidhaur chieftaincy|Gidhaur]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He was formally installed on the throne on 18 September 1885.<ref name=":0" /> The then [[Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal]], [[Rivers Thompson]], had on 28 August 1866, at [[Bhagalpur]], conferred on him a [[khilat]] to recognise him as successor to his father.<ref name=":0" /> He was exempted from attending [[civil courts]] in person.<ref name=":3" /> He inaugurated many useful educational, social and religious reforms for the advancement of his people's welfare.<ref name=":0" /> He commissioned a [[bazaar]], a [[school]], a free [[dispensary]] and a [[guest house]] in [[Gidhaur, Bihar|Gidhaur]].<ref name=":0" /> He also established a Sanskrit Vidyalaya where free education was imparted to [[Brahmin|Brahmins]].<ref name=":0" /> He had modernised his ancestral residence, Sri Vilas Palace, and built a new palace which was named Sukh Niwas.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=O’Malley |first=Lewis Sydney Steward |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.07407 |title=Bengal District Gazetteers : Monghyr |date=1909 |publisher=Bengal Secretariat, Calcutta |pages=203–204}}</ref> When, due to the failure of the monsoon rains, distress was caused in larger [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Bihar and Orissa]] in 1919, he gave employment to a large number of people on his estate by constructing irrigation reservoirs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Bihar_Orissa_Gazette/wKsg4UiXmEMC |title=The Bihar & Orissa Gazette |date=1920 |pages=759–762 |language=en}}</ref>

== Public career ==
He was appointed a member of the local board of [[Jamui]] in 1887.<ref name=":0" /> In 1888, he was made a member of the district board of [[Monghyr]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1890, he was granted the powers of a [[magistrate]].<ref name=":0" /> He was made a member of the [[Bengal Legislative Council]] in 1893 and served many years on the council.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> When the province of [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Bihar and Orissa]] was created, he was made a non-official member of its [[Legislative council|Legislative Council]].<ref name=":0" />

== Personal interests ==
He helped establish the Bihar and Orissa Research Society on 20 January 1915.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Journal/lf8XmIDlCXgC |title=The Journal of the Bihar Research Society |date=1915 |publisher=Bihar and Orissa Research Society |volume=I |publication-place=Bankipore |publication-date=September 1915 |pages=133–141 |language=en}}</ref> He was a vice-patron and was elected a life member of the society on 8 April 1918.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last= |url=http://archive.org/details/journalofbiharre04bihauoft |title=The Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society |date=1918 |publisher=Bihar and Orlssa Research Soceity |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |year=1918 |volume=IV |location=Patna |publication-date=June 1918 |pages=243}}</ref> He was a member of the [[British Indian Association]] of [[Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Who_s_who_in_India/Ld5AAQAAMAAJ |title=Who's who in India |date=1911 |publisher=Newul Kishore Press |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
He was a staunch adherent of [[Hinduism]], in which he was well-versed, and used to devote a major portion of his time to practising his faith.<ref name=":1" /> He used to maintain in his estate a series of [[Temple|temples]] and [[Almshouse|almshouses]] where ration and fuel were distributed free of cost to all.<ref name=":0" /> He built a temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]].<ref name=":0" /> He once carried pitchers of water from the [[Ganges]] all the way from Jahangra to [[Baidyanath Temple]] in [[Deoghar]] to bathe the [[lingam]] there.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaudhari |first=Ram Gopal Singh |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rambles_in_Bihar/W88BAAAAMAAJ |title=Rambles in Bihar |date=1917 |publisher=Express Press |pages=157–158 |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
He died in 1923 and was succeeded in his title, rank and dignity by his son Chandra Mouleshwar Prasad Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=GIDHAUR |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/g/gidhaur.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802034552/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/g/gidhaur.html |archive-date=2017-08-02 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref>

== Honours ==
He was made a [[Knight Commander]] of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] by [[Queen Victoria]] in 1885.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />

==References==
<references />
[[Category: 1860 births]]
[[Category: 1923 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from British India]]

Aryabhatta Institute of Engineering & Management Durgapur

2026-03-20T06:21:51Z

TiffinyAult552: formatting fix

{{short description|College in West Bengal}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Aryabhatta Institute Of Engineering & Management, Durgapur
|logo =
|motto = "We will show you the Door, but You have to open it"
|type = [[Private university|Private]]
|affiliation = [[West Bengal University of Technology]]
|established = {{start date and age|2003}}
|city = [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]]
|state = [[West Bengal]]
|country = [[India]]
|postcode = 713148
|coordinates = {{coord|23.4595415|N|87.442033|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
|pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
|staff =
|campus = [[Panagarh]] (160 km from [[Kolkata]])
|mascot =
|website = {{URL|https://aiemd.in/}}
}}
The '''Aryabhatta Institute Of Engineering & Management Durgapur''' or '''AIEMD''' is an undergraduate college in [[West Bengal]], India. It was established in 2003.The college is affiliated with [[West Bengal State Council of Technical & Vocational Education and Skill Development]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbut.ac.in/big_files/College%20list-2016-17-as%20on%2031-08-2016.pdf|title=List of Colleges & Its Courses Affiliated by WBSCTE&VE&SD, West Bengal |date=31 August 2016|website=Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref> and all the programmes are approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/Get_Institute_Id.pdf|title=List of AICTE approved institutions (A.Y. 2016-17) as on 30th April 2016|website=All India Council for Technical Education|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref>

The campus is located at [[Panagarh]], [[Bardhaman district|Bardhaman]].

==Academics==
The institute provides Diploma courses in different streams such as [[Mechanical Engineering]], [[Electrical Engineering]], [[Computer Science and Engineering]], [[Civil Engineering]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://webscte.co.in/Diploma-Engineering-Technology-Institutes |title=DIPLOMA INSTITUTES (Engineering & Technology) |publisher=West Bengal State Council of Technical & Vocational Education and Skill Development |access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.aiemd.org}}
*[http://www.ugc.ac.in/ University Grants Commission]
*[http://www.naac.gov.in/ National Assessment and Accreditation Council]

{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}
{{West Bengal University of Technology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aryabhatta Institute of Engineering and Management Durgapur}}
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology]]
[[Category:Private engineering colleges in India]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Education in Durgapur, West Bengal]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in West Bengal]]

{{Kolkata-university-stub}}

Fisheries College and Research Institute

2026-03-08T15:56:15Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating Some Data From Scratch - done

{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Fisheries College and Research Institute
|motto = "Learn Explore Succeed"
|image =
|founders =
|established = 1977
|former_name = Fisheries College
|location =
|type = College
|dean = B. Sundaramoorthy
|faculty =
|vice_chancellor = N. Felix
|students =
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|coor = {{coord|8.777051|78.1091|display=title}}
|city = [[Thoothukudi]]
|state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
|country = [[India]]
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] ( outside city on harbourbypass road)
|affiliations = [[Tamil Nadu Fisheries University|Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University]]
|website = {{URL|http://www.tnjfu.ac.in/fcritut}} {{URL|http://www.tnjfu.ac.in/}}
}}

The '''Fisheries College and Research Institute (FCRI)''' is situated in [[Thoothukudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

==History==

Fisheries College and Research Institute initially started as Fisheries College was established in the year 1977 as a constituent unit of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University at Thoothukkudi, a famed town for Pearl fishing. Thereby it became the first college in the state of Tamil Nadu and the second one in India (after [[College of Fisheries, Mangalore]]) to offer the [[Bachelor of Fisheries Science]] ([[B.F.Sc]]) degree in India. When the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University was carved out of the existing Tamil Nadu Agricultural University on 20 September 1989, the college was reaffiliated to the newly formed Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. The college was duly renamed as Fisheries College and Research Institute ([[FCRI]]) during the year 1990 in order to include its focus on research and extension.<ref name="hist">{{cite web|title=CONSTITUENT UNITS FCRI|url=http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI.html|publisher=Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University|accessdate=5 December 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520022430/http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI.html|archivedate=20 May 2010}}</ref> The college has now become an integral part of the newly established [[Tamil Nadu Fisheries University]] with its headquarters at Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.tn.gov.in/stationeryprinting/extraordinary/2012/118-Ex-IV-I.pdf |title=Tamil Nadu Fisheries University Act, 2012 |work=tn.gov.in |accessdate=20 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.tnfu.org.in/university/wp/|publisher=Tamil Nadu Fisheries University|accessdate=6 December 2012}}</ref>

==Campus==

===Location===
FCRI functions from four campuses. The Main Campus of FCRI is about 10 km away from the city of Thoothukkudi and is spread over an area of 24 ha which is accessible through the Harbour Bypass Road. The Shore Laboratory Campus is separated from the main campus by a distance of 11 km, and is located within the Fishing Harbour Complex, Thoothukkudi over an area of 0.4 ha and is connected by the North Beach Road.<ref name="tanuvas.ac.in">{{cite web|title=Infrastructure|url=http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI_infra.html|publisher=Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi|accessdate=6 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130080012/http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI_infra.html|archive-date=30 November 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Maritech Research & Extension Center is located on the outskirts of Tharuvaikulam, a fishing village which is 25 km away from the main campus, and facilitates research on mariculture activities. It is accessible through the familiar East Coast Road that runs along the coast of Tamil Nadu.<ref name=Facilities>{{cite web|title=Facilities|url=http://www.tnfu.org.in/university/wp/?page_id=996|publisher=Tamil Nadu Fisheries University|accessdate=6 December 2012}}</ref> There is a separate campus for residential purposes housing the staff quarters and hostel in an area of 1 ha which is 3 km away from the main campus and is located at the Teachers Colony, Thoothukkudi.

===Infrastructure===
The main campus has the administrative block, computer laboratory, ARIS cell, auditorium, conference hall, AV hall, examination hall, UG / PG classroom blocks, Library, Museum and e-learning laboratory.

====Research centres and Farms====
Research centres at the college include Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre<ref name=Hindu_Aug12>{{cite news|title=Fish quality monitoring facility commissioned|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3761231.ece|accessdate=6 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 August 2012}}</ref> and Maritech Research Centre.<ref>{{cite news|title=Training programme on lobster fattening|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2827213.ece|accessdate=6 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 January 2012}}</ref> The main campus of FC&RI has 2 ha of Earthen fish ponds, 2.70 ha area of reservoir, 31 freshwater prawn farms, Freshwater prawn hatchery, Carp hatchery, Glass hose aquarium and Shrimp Raceway system,<ref name=Facilities/> catfish farm and hatchery, ornamental fish rearing facility and cryopreservation unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aquaculture|url=http://www.tnfu.org.in/university/wp/?page_id=32|publisher=Tamil Nadu Fisheries University|accessdate=6 December 2012}}</ref> The shore laboratory campus houses the facilities of fish processing and fishing technology. They include fish processing hall, fish canning unit, value added products preparation unit, packaging machineries, separate microbiology, biochemistry and quality control laboratories, marine workshop, net mending facility, navigation tools and marine bio laboratory. There is a small outboard engine fishing craft for conducting fishing. The Maritech Research & Extension center has the facilities for the culture of marine finfishes and shrimps in ponds and cages.<ref name=Facilities/> Other facilities include Fishing training cum research vessel (Dolphin), Recirculatory Research Complex, Tilapia Rearing Complex, Fish cryo lab, Electrofisher, Fish deboner, Epifluroscent microscope, Shimadzu HPLC, ELISA reader, Gas Chromatography, GPS system, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Carbon analyser, Audio and Video Recording Room, PCR, Microbiology Laboratory, Virology Laboratory, Quality Control Laboratory, Value addition laboratory and Fish Engine Workshop.<ref name="tanuvas.ac.in"/>

====Other facilities====

The college has a library of 625 sqm with collection of 15000 books, journals and CD databases. It also has stack rooms for books, back volumes, periodical section, computer room, conference room, educational video hall, thesis section and reprography facilities.<ref name=Facilities/> The college also has a fisheries museum with 600 specimens of finfishes, shellfishes, seaweeds, seagrasses, invertebrates, skeletons of marine animals, including whales and taxidermised specimens.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fisheries Biology and Resource Management|url=http://www.tnfu.org.in/university/wp/?page_id=74|publisher=Tamil Nadu Fisheries University|accessdate=6 December 2012}}</ref> The college has a play ground with facilities to play volleyball, basketball, football and cricket. An international indoor stadium with gymnasium and table tennis facilities are also available. The college has an Auditorium and Boys hostels in the main campus.<ref name=Hindu_Aug12/> The staff quarters campus has a ladies hostel, guest house with 40 rooms, the Dean’s mega bungalow and 5 blocks of teaching and non-teaching quarters. The college has a bus and two small canters to transport the students for the practical classes, field trips, shore laboratory campus and other official visits.

==Academics==

The college has eight departments namely [[Aquaculture]], [[Fisheries Biology and Resource management]],<ref>http://www.tnfu.org.in/university/wp/?page_id=74</ref> [[Aquatic Environment Management]], Fisheries Economics, [[Fish Processing|Fish Processing Technology]], [[Fishing Technology and Fisheries Engineering]], [[Fisheries Extension]] and [[Fisheries Biotechnology]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Departments|url=http://www.tnfu.org.in/university/wp/?page_id=30|publisher=Tamil Nadu Fisheries University|accessdate=6 December 2012}}</ref>

===Under graduation===

The under graduation degree 'Bachelor of Fisheries Science' (B.F.Sc) is a four-year course.<ref name="Courses">{{cite web|title=Education|url=http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI_education.html|work=Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi|accessdate=6 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130052348/http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI_education.html|archive-date=30 November 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> An academic year consists of two semesters each having 110 instructional days and the final year is exclusively devoted for training.<ref>http://www.tnfu.org.in/university/wp/?page_id=58</ref> The final year of the course consists of experiential program where the college provides funds and infrastructure to the students to carry out aquaculture or fish processing.<ref>{{cite news|last=Geetha Padmanabhan|title=Fish study, anyone?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/education/careers/fish-study-anyone/article3880997.ece|accessdate=6 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 September 2012}}</ref> It also involves an industry internship under Rural Awareness Work Experience (RAWE) programme.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fisheries college students learn ornamental fish culture|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/fisheries-college-students-learn-ornamental-fish-culture/article3530769.ece?css=print|accessdate=6 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 June 2012}}</ref> A total of 50 students are admitted for the programme including 8 students through All India Entrance Examination.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sale of application forms for engineering courses begins|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/article420823.ece|accessdate=6 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 May 2010}}</ref> This college adopted the ICAR common syllabus for B.F.Sc. programme from 2000–01.

===Post graduation===

The post graduate degree [[Master of Fisheries Science]] ([[M.F.Sc]]) is a two-year course offered in 10 disciplines: [[Aquaculture]], [[Fisheries Resource Management]], [[Fish Biotechnology]], Fisheries Economics, [[Aquatic Environment Management]], [[Fisheries Extension]], [[Fisheries Engineering and Technology]], [[Fish Processing|Fish Processing Technology]], [[Fish Quality Assurance and Management]] and [[Biostatistics]].<ref name="Courses"/><ref name="tanuvas.tn.nic.in">http://www.tanuvas.tn.nic.in/pgadmin12/PG%20PROSPECTUS%202012-2013.pdf{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The candidates possessing B.F.Sc. degree are eligible for admission through a common entrance test conducted by the University. This college adopted the ICAR common syllabus for M.F.Sc. programme from 2011–12. The programme has 55 total credits including 1 credit for seminar and 15 credits for research.

===Doctoral Program===

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a three-year course offered in 4 disciplines: [[Aquaculture]], [[Fisheries Resource Management]], [[Aquatic Environment Management]], Fisheries Economics and [[Fish Processing|Fish Processing Technology]].<ref name="Courses"/><ref name="tanuvas.tn.nic.in"/> The Ph.D. programmes are being offered in regular and part-time mode. The candidates possessing basic B.F.Sc. degree are eligible for admission through a common entrance test conducted by the University. The programme has 75 total credits including 2 credits for seminar and 45 credits for research.

===PG Diploma===

One year Post-graduate Diploma is offered in Fish Quality Management and Business management in Animal and Fisheries Sciences. The candidates possessing B.F.Sc., B.V.Sc.&A.H., B.Sc. (Dairy Science), B.Sc. (Agriculture), B.Sc. (Horticulture), B.Sc. (Home Science of 4 years duration) and B. Tech. (Food Technology/Food Processing Technology) or M.Sc. in Food Science/ Microbiology/ Biotechnology/ Biochemistry/ Zoology/ Marine Biology/ Coastal Aquaculture/ Home Science degree are eligible for admission. The admission to this programme is through a common entrance test conducted by the University.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/pgadmin11/PG%20PROSPECTUS%202011-2012.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317043331/http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/pgadmin11/PG%20PROSPECTUS%202011-2012.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===M.Phil===

*Climate Change and Fisheries.<ref name="tanuvas.tn.nic.in"/> Any master's degree with Science background with a minimum of 60% marks in aggregate for general category and a minimum of pass for SC / ST candidates are eligible for admission.

==Research and training==

The college has developed a low cost cage-based technology for open water fish culture.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cage-based fish culture in dam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/cagebased-fish-culture-in-dam/article4104667.ece|accessdate=6 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 November 2012}}</ref> The college has also organized a training program for the local farmers in using the technology.<ref>{{cite news|title=Low cost cages, a boon to fish farmers|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/low-cost-cages-a-boon-to-fish-farmers/article4036937.ece|accessdate=6 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 October 2012}}</ref> The institute also conducts regular training programs for fishermen, fish farmers and fish processors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Training|url=http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI_training.html|publisher=Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi|accessdate=6 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130052401/http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI_training.html|archive-date=30 November 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Official website|http://www.tanuvas.ac.in/FCRI.html}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Fishing in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Colleges in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Education in Thoothukudi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Mathai Joseph

2026-03-07T18:52:10Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating Page

{{Short description|Indian computer scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Mathai Joseph
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_date =
|birth_place = India

|citizenship =
|fields = [[Computer science]]
|workplaces = [[University of Warwick]], [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
|alma_mater = [[Wilson College, Mumbai]], [[University of Bombay]], [[Welsh College of Advanced Technology]], [[University of Cambridge]]
|doctoral_advisor = [[David Wheeler (computer scientist)|David Wheeler]]<ref name="PhD">''Digital Republic'', page 72.</ref>
|academic_advisors =
|doctoral_students =
|notable_students = [[Paritosh Pandya]], [[Zhiming Liu (computer scientist)|Zhiming Liu]]
|known_for = [[Real-time system]]s; [[formal methods]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|awards = 2020 Test-of-Time Award<ref name="tot-award" />
|signature = 
|footnotes =
}}

'''Mathai Joseph''' is an Indian [[computer scientist]] and author.<ref>{{cite web| title=Chat with Dr. Mathai Joseph: Internationally Renowned Author, Executive, Researcher, and Technology Advisor; Distinguished Computer Scientist | date=27 August 2013 | first=Stephen | last=Ibaraki | publisher=blogs.technet.com | work=Canadian IT Manager's Blog | url=http://blogs.technet.com/b/cdnitmanagers/archive/2013/08/27/chat-with-dr-mathai-joseph-internationally-renowned-author-executive-researcher-and-technology-advisor-distinguished-computer-scientist.aspx | access-date=25 January 2013 }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Joseph studied for a BSc in [[physics]] at [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]] ([[Mumbai]], India, 1962) and an MSc in the same subject at the [[University of Mumbai]] in 1964.<ref name="Ibaraki2010">{{cite web| title=Dr. Mathai Joseph: Renowned Executive, Researcher, Distinguished Scientist shares his deep insights into computing, research, careers, trends | date=11 January 2010 | first=Stephen | last=Ibaraki | publisher=blogs.technet.com | work=Canadian IT Manager's Blog | url=http://blogs.technet.com/b/cdnitmanagers/archive/2010/01/11/dr-mathai-joseph-renowned-executive-researcher-distinguished-scientist-shares-his-deep-insights-into-computing-research-careers-trends.aspx| access-date=25 January 2013 }}</ref> He later studied for a [[Postgraduate Diploma]] in [[electronics]] at the [[Welsh College of Advanced Technology]] (1965) and then undertook a PhD in computing at [[Churchill College, Cambridge]] under the supervision of [[David Wheeler (computer scientist)|David Wheeler]]<ref name="PhD" /> (awarded 1968).

From 1968 to 1985, Joseph worked on programming as a [[fellow]] and senior research scientist at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (Mumbai, India) and then became professor of [[computer science]] at the [[University of Warwick]] in England for 12 years (1985–97).<ref name="Ibaraki2010" /> He returned to India in 1997. He then worked in industry as Executive Director at the [[Tata Research Development and Design Centre]] ([[Pune]]) and as Executive Vice-President at [[Tata Consultancy Services]] (1997–2007).{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

==Career==
Joseph was a visiting professor at [[Carnegie-Mellon University]] (1980–81), [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] (1990–92), the University of Warwick (1997–98), and the [[University of York]] (2001–04).<ref name="Ibaraki2010" /> He was [[Chairman|Board Chair]] of [[UNU-IIST]] (2004–06, [[United Nations University]], Macau).<ref name="unu-iist">{{cite web | title=Former UNU-IIST Board Chair Prof. Mathai Joseph Publishes New Book on India's IT Development | date=2 May 2013 | website=punetech.com | publisher=Pune Tech | url=http://iist.unu.edu/news/former-unu-iist-board-chair-prof.-mathai-joseph-publishes-new-book-indias-it-development | access-date=25 January 2014 | archive-date=19 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219000522/http://iist.unu.edu/news/former-unu-iist-board-chair-prof.-mathai-joseph-publishes-new-book-indias-it-development | url-status=dead }}</ref> Joseph was the first person from India to be elected to the Council of the [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]].<ref name="microsoft">{{cite web| title=Dr. Mathai Joseph | publisher=[[Microsoft Research]] | url=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/events/techvista2011/mathaijoseph.aspx | access-date=26 January 2014 }}</ref> In addition, he was a member of the ACM India Council until 2012. He chaired the ACM India Education Committee until 2014.

Mathai Joseph's main research interest is in the area of [[formal methods]] related to [[computer system]]s, including [[real-time system]]s. His most cited paper, "''Finding Response Times in a Real-Time System''", with over 1,500 citations on [[Google Scholar]] in 2021,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=1%2C5&q=Finding+response+times+in+a+real-time+system&btnG= | title=Finding response times in a real-time system | publisher=[[Google Scholar]] | access-date=24 May 2021 }}</ref> was joint work with [[Paritosh Pandya]], published in ''[[The Computer Journal]]'' in 1986.<ref>{{cite journal| first1=Mathai | last1=Joseph | first2=Paritosh | last2=Pandya |authorlink2=Paritosh Pandya | title=Finding Response Times in a Real-Time System | journal=[[The Computer Journal]] | year=1986 | volume=29 | number=5 | pages=390–395 | doi=10.1093/comjnl/29.5.390 | doi-access=free }}</ref> This paper won a 2020 Test-of-Time Award, announced at the 27th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS 2021).<ref name="tot-award">{{cite web | url=http://2021.rtas.org/news/tcrts-awards/ | title=TCRTS Awards – 2020 Test-of-Time Awards | work=RTAS 2021: 27th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium | date=May 2021 | accessdate=22 May 2021 | archive-date=22 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522114509/http://2021.rtas.org/news/tcrts-awards/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Joseph's joint work with [[Zhiming Liu (computer scientist)|Zhiming Liu]] on [[fault tolerance]] gives a formal model that precisely defines the notions of ''fault'', ''error'', ''failure'' and ''fault-tolerance'', and their relationships. It also provided the properties that models fault-affected programs and fault-tolerant programs in terms of transformations. Together, they proposed a design process for fault-tolerant systems from requirement specifications and analysis, fault environment identification and analysis, specification of fault-affected design and verification of fault-tolerance for satisfaction of the requirements specification.<ref>{{cite journal| first1=Zhiming | last1=Liu | authorlink1=Zhiming Liu (computer scientist) |first2=Mathai | last2=Joseph |title=Transformation of Programs for Fault-Tolerance | journal=[[Formal Aspects of Computing]] | year=1992 | volume=4 | number=5 | pages=442–469 | doi=10.1007/BF01211393| s2cid=16116422 | url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60860/12/WRAP_cs-rr-165.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| first1=Zhiming | last1=Liu | authorlink1=Zhiming Liu (computer scientist) |first2=Mathai | last2=Joseph |title=Specification and Verification of Fault-Tolerance, Timing, and Scheduling | journal=[[ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems]] | year=1999 | volume=21 | number=1 | pages=46–89| doi=10.1145/314602.314605 | citeseerx=10.1.1.54.2264 | s2cid=12975945 }}</ref>

Joseph is the author of ''Digital Republic'', a personal reminiscence that also charts the development of Information Technology in India and the issues involved.<ref name="unu-iist" /><ref name="Kabra2013">{{cite web| title=Book: Digital Republic: India's rise to IT Power — by Mathai Joseph | first=Navin | last=Kabra | date=14 May 2013 | website=punetech.com | publisher=Pune Tech | url=http://punetech.com/book-digital-republic-indias-rise-to-it-power-by-mathai-joseph/ }}</ref><ref name="bcs-review">{{cite web| title=Digital Republic: India's rise to IT Power – by Mathai Joseph | work=Book Reviews | first1=Andrew | last1=Robinson | authorlink1=W. Andrew Robinson | first2=Jonathan | last2=Bowen | authorlink2=Jonathan Bowen | date=January 2014 | access-date=3 February 2014 | publisher=[[British Computer Society]] |url=https://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/52077 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203040048/https://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/52077 | archive-date=3 February 2014 | via=[[Archive.org]] }}</ref> He is interested in improving science in India.<ref>{{cite journal| title=Policy: Free Indian science | journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume=508 | issue=7494 | pages=36–38 | first1=Mathai | last1=Joseph | first2=Andrew | last2=Robinson | authorlink2=W. Andrew Robinson | date=2 April 2014 |doi=10.1038/508036a| pmid=24707526 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Books==
* {{cite book| editor-first1=Mathai | editor-last1=Joseph | editor-first2=R. K. | editor-last2=Shyamasundar | title=Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Fourth Conference, Bangalore, India, December 13–15, 1984, Proceedings | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | series=[[Lecture Notes in Computer Science]] | volume=181 | year=1984 | isbn=978-3-540-13883-9 }}
* {{cite book| editor-first=Mathai | editor-last=Joseph | title=Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, Proceedings of a Symposium, Warwick, UK, September 22–23, 1988 | publisher=Springer-Verlag | series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science | volume=331 | year=1988 | isbn=978-3-540-50302-6 }}
* {{cite book| title=Real-Time Systems: Specification, Verification and Analysis | editor-first=Mathai | editor-last=Joseph | year=1996 | isbn=978-0-13-455297-2 | publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] | series=[[Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science|International Series in Computer Science]] }}
* {{cite book| title=Digital Republic: India's rise to IT power | first=Mathai | last=Joseph | publisher=Power Publishers |year=2013 | isbn=978-9-382-79257-4 | url=https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00CGR5JLU/bookseaiam }}<ref name="bcs-review" />
* {{cite book| title=Dead to Reason | first=Mathai | last=Joseph | publisher=[[Amazon Kindle]] | year=2017 | url=https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B01N80H1W4/bookseaiam | isbn=978-1-520-65591-8 }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://mathaijoseph.com/ Mathai Joseph website]
* {{DBLP |name=Mathai Joseph}}
* {{GoogleScholar|SvBU3JsAAAAJ}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jlxj-MITfaU Turing100@Persistent: Part 2, Keynote Speaker — Dr. Mathai Joseph] on YouTube

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph, Mathai}}
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Cardiff University]]
[[Category:Alumni of Churchill College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Formal methods people]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Warwick]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
[[Category:Computer science writers]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Pune Via Bihar

2026-03-04T09:46:59Z

TiffinyAult552: added info

{{short description|2014 Indian Marathi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pune Via Bihar
| image = Poster-pune_via_bihar.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sachin Goswami]]
| producer = {{ubl | Atul Maru | Ketan Maru}}
| writer = {{ubl |[[Sachin Mote]] | Sachin Goswami}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Bharat Jadhav]]|[[Umesh Kamat]]|[[Mrunmayee Deshpande]]|Arun Nalavade|Bhalchandra Kadam |Kishori Ambiye}}
| music = Amir Hadkar
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|01|31}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Pune Via Bihar''''' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: पुणे व्हाया बिहार) is a 2014 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by Sachin Goswami and produced by Atul Maru and Ketan Maru. The film stars [[Umesh Kamat]], [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] and [[Bharat Jadhav]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-12 |title=Bharat Jadhav to handle firearms |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/bharat-jadhav-umesh-kamat-mrunmayee-deshpande-pune-via-bihar-marathi/articleshow/29104162.cms |access-date=2025-12-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Bharat Jadhav]] as Nishikant Nimbalkar
* [[Umesh Kamat]] as Abhijeet Bhosle
* [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] as Tara Yadav
* Sunil Kumar as Baldev
* [[Arun Nalavade]] as Abhi's father
* [[Bhalchandra Kadam]]

==Reception==
''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 stars and saying the story isn't new but feels relevant due to the Bihari–Maharashtrian conflict and the cross-state love story.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pune Via Bihar Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Pune Via Bihar by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/pune-via-bihar-umesh-kamat-bharat-jadhav-mrunmayee-deshpande-arun-malawade-sachin-goswami-abhay-bhargav/movie-review/29669238.cms |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 stars, noted that the film uses sharp dialogues to highlight Marathi identity and the Bihari influx into Maharashtra, packaging these themes into a lively and entertaining experience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पुणे व्हाया बिहार |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/pune-via-bihar-marathi-movie-review/moviereview/29675479.cms |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>

''[[Divya Marathi]]'' wrote Pune Via Bihar is an entertaining love story with crisp, Marathi-flavoured dialogues and a fast-paced screenplay. Umesh Kamat is sincere, Mrunmayee Deshpande fits her role perfectly, while Bharat Jadhav and Arun Nalawade stand out. The music suits the love story, despite a few forced songs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=वेगळ्या धाटणीची धाडसी प्रेमकथा \'पुणे व्हाया बिहार\' |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-rev-movie-review-pune-via-bihar-4509190-nor.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=[[Divya Marathi]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! S. No. !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
| 1 || "Prem Mhanje Prem Aste" || Ranvir, Chang || 5:03
|-
| 2 || "Ping Pong Ping Pong" || [[Neha Rajpal]], [[Avadhoot Gupte]], Balchandra Kadam || 4:52
|-
| 3 || "Kacchi Kairi Hu" || [[Sonu Kakkar]], [[Raja Hasan]] || 4:55
|-
| 4 || "Bhid Bhid Bhidu" || Pranil More, Avadhoot Gupte || 3:00
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|3996970}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]

{{2010s-Marathi-film-stub}}

Shuddhi (2017 film)

2026-03-03T21:34:24Z

TiffinyAult552: New New Details

{{Short description|2017 Indian Kannada film by Adarsh Eshwarappa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shuddhi
| image = Shuddhi_(film).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Adarsh Eshwarappa
| producer = Nandini Madesh Madesh T. Bhaskar
| writer = Adarsh Eshwarappa
| starring = Lauren Spartano [[Nivedhitha]] Amrutha Karagada
| music = '''Score:''' Jesse Clinton '''Song:''' Nobin Paul
| cinematography = Andrew Aiello
| editing = Ramisetty Pavan
| studio = Saanvi Pictures
| distributor = Jacob Films
| released = {{Film date|2017|03|17|df=y}}
| runtime = 118 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Shuddhi''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Kannada|Kannada-language]] [[crime drama]] film written and directed by Adarsh Eshwarappa. The film mainly stars [[Nivedhitha]], Lauren Spartano and Amrutha Karagada in the lead roles.<ref name=S3AnnounceIndiaToday>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/film-about-crimes-against-women/articleshow/56596271.cms|title=Female-centric Kannada film about crimes against women|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 January 2017 }}</ref> It also stars Shashank Purushotham and Sidhaartha Maadhyamika in supporting roles.

Whilst the cinematography is by Andrew Aiello, the film score was composed by Jesse Clinton. The major portion of the film has been shot using handheld technique which is a rarity in Indian cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shuddhi-to-give-kannada-audiences-a-hollywood-experience/articleshow/57576203.cms|title=Shuddhi to give Kannada audiences a Hollywood experience|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 March 2017}}</ref> The sound designer of the film is Nithin Lukose; Shuddhi was one amongst the very few films in Kannada, which was shot in sync sound.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shuddhi-among-a-handful-of-kannada-films-shot-in-sync-sound/articleshow/57464321.cms|title=Thithi sound designer works his magic in Shuddhi|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=4 March 2017 }}</ref>

==Plot==
The plot of the film highlights the crimes against women faced in the society.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/feb/11/shuddhi-weaves-around-three-real-life-incidents-1569307.html|title=Shuddhi weaves around three real-life incidents|work=newindianexpress.com}}</ref> Karlyn Smith is an American, who lands in the City of Bengaluru in India. She is on a secret mission, which we gradually discover more about, as we cruise along with her on a spiritual journey. Jyothi & Divya are two journalists of a weekly magazine, who alongside their profession, are fighting against the country's lenient Juvenile Justice Act. They form a team and put up street plays in an effort to generate funds and strengthen their protest with a nationwide tour. Rakesh Patil & Bharat Gowda from the state special crime branch office, along with a team are chasing a criminal and in the process, stumble upon a few mysterious killings.

The culmination of the three stories towards the end; gives a new dimension to the film as a whole and concludes Shuddhi.

==Cast==

* Lauren Spartano as Karyln Smith
* [[Nivedhitha]] as Jyothi
* Amrutha Karagada
* Shashank Purushottam
* Sidhartha Maadhyamika
* Ajay Raj as Vinay Muthappa
* [[Sanchari Vijay]]
* Vinay Krishnaswamy
* Kiran Vati
* Nagarjun Rajashekhar as Pawan Rai

==Release==
The film's trailer was launched on 3 February 2017 and was well received. It trended on [[YouTube]] at number 3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-film-shuddhi-is-a-hit-online/articleshow/56996076.cms|title=Kannada film Shuddhi is a hit online|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indialivetoday.com/2017/02/06/shuddhi-kannada-movie-official-trailer-trending-youtube/|title='Shuddhi' Kannada Movie Official Trailer trending in YouTube|work=India Live Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/mar/08/shuddhi--trailer-catches-puneeths-attention-1578788.html|title=Shuddhi trailer catches Puneeth's attention|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=8 March 2017}}</ref> Shuddhi released on 17 March 2017 and completed a 100-day theatrical run at Box Office.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shuddhi-completes-100-day-run-at-the-bo/articleshow/59286377.cms|title=Shuddhi completes 100-day run at the BO|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=23 June 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/news/14902-shuddi-completes-100-days.html|title=SHUDDI COMPLETES 100 DAYS|work=chitraloka.com}}</ref> Shuddhi was screened in over 40 Locations Across [[North America]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shuddhi-to-be-screened-in-40-locations-across-the-us/articleshow/58077581.cms|title=Shuddhi to be screened in 40 locations across the US|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=8 April 2017 }}</ref> and went on to become one of the first few Kannada Films to be chosen for Screenings by the Japanese Community in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-special-screening-of-shuddhi-for-the-japanese-association/articleshow/63680895.cms|title=A special screening of Shuddhi for The Japanese Association|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=10 April 2018 }}</ref> The Film was bought by and is streaming on [[Netflix]] from March 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/80188777|title=Shuddhi on Netflix|work=netflix.com}}</ref> Writer & Director Adarsh Eshwarappa also went on to publish the full Screenplay of the Film online.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/find-out-how-shuddhi-took-shape-by-reading-the-screenplay-online/articleshow/60437853.cms|title=Find out how Shuddhi took shape by reading the screenplay online|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=10 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sandalwoods-new-age-filmmakers-share-their-scripts-online/articleshow/61657029.cms|title=Sandalwood's new-age filmmakers share their scripts online|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=16 November 2017 }}</ref>

==Reception==
A review on ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' reads “The reel- and real- life inspired moments are blended together effortlessly, and synchronised sound recording, a trend that’s catching up in regional cinemas, adds a realistic touch to the movie"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/shuddhi-movie-review-when-women-take-over/articleshow/57694298.cms|title=Shuddhi movie review: When women take over|work=bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' review read 'To talk about the story and plot would be taking away credit from the good screenplay woven by the maker'.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/shuddhi/movie-review/57670480.cms|title=SHUDDHI MOVIE REVIEW|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="7" |{{center|[[Karnataka State Film Awards]]}}
| rowspan="7"| {{center|2017}}
| {{center|[[Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film|First Best Film]]}}
| {{center|Saanvi Pictures}}
|{{won}}
| rowspan="7" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/shuddhi-is-best-film-tara-best-actress/articleshow/66369416.cms|title=Shuddhi is best film; Tara best actress|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=26 October 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| {{center|Best Director}}
| {{center|[[Adarsh Eshwarappa]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|4688446}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shuddhi}}
[[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]

Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval

2026-03-03T03:50:28Z

TiffinyAult552: typo fix

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval
| image =

| caption =
| director = Ajaz
| producer = Iynul Ayman Athiya
| writer = Ajaz
| starring = {{ubl|Ajaz|Shilpa|Anaka}}
| music = Pollack
| cinematography = Biju Antony
| editing = Ajaz
| distributor =
| studio = G-Ants Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|07|23}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval''''' ({{translation|She fell into the eye}}) is a 2010 [[Tamil language]] [[romance film]] directed by Ajaz. The film stars newcomers Ajaz, Shilpa and Anaka, with Madhu, Anbu, Narayanan, Pavina, Amutha Ganeshan, and Gopi playing supporting roles. It was released on 23 July 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/58798.html|title=Friday Fiesta 230710|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205230712/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/58798.html|archive-date=5 December 2013|accessdate=6 April 2019|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/jul-10-04/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-shilpa-19-07-10.html|title=Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval comes with a set of newbies|date=19 July 2010|accessdate=6 April 2019|website=Behindwoods.com|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406094517/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/jul-10-04/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-shilpa-19-07-10.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
Vinoth (Ajaz) is a young wealthy businessman and the owner of a company which had launched many innovative inventions. He falls in love at first sight with Mridula (Shilpa), who is from Australia, and appoints her as his new personal secretary. Vinoth tries to impress Mridula in many ways, but she is repulsed by his eccentric behavior and rejects his love proposal. A desperate Vinoth decides to make Mridula jealous, so he tries to seduce his new secretary Anitha (Anaka), who unexpectedly falls in love with him. Thereafter, Mridula is abducted by a psychopath. Vinoth and Anitha try to save her, They face many obstacles but successfully overcome them. They finally find Mridula in a deserted factory. Her abductor was waiting for Vinoth and tried to kill him. In the process, Anitha is shot dead by the psychopath, and Vinoth kills him in return. The psychopath was in fact paid by other company owners to kill Vinoth because they were jealous of his growth and success. Many years later, Vinoth and Mridula are a happily married couple and have two children.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*Ajaz as Vinoth
*Shilpa as Mridula
*Anaka as Anitha
*Madhu as Rajesh
*Anbu as Suresh
*Pavina as Anjali
*Narayanan
*Amutha Ganeshan
*Gopi
{{colend}}

==Production==
Ajaz, a software company owner, made his directorial debut with the romance film ''Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval'' under his own banner G-Ants Productions. Ajaz, who was also handling the story, screenplay, the dialogues and the editing, was playing the lead role in this film. Newcomers Shilpa and Anaka were selected to play the heroines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php?newsid=1441|title=Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval - All for love|date=18 July 2010|accessdate=6 April 2019|publisher=ayngaran.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/news/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-a-commercially-enriched-film/|title=Vizhiyil Vizhundhaval - A Pure Love Story on the make|date=18 July 2009|accessdate=6 April 2019|publisher=kollywoodtoday.net|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406094516/http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/news/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-a-commercially-enriched-film/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is based on the romance between the young generations of contemporary society. It pictures how the hero changes himself for his Love in terms of character, discipline and attitude have been clearly screen played.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilnow.com/magazine/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-a-romantic-404.html|title=Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval : A Romantic Love Story|date=9 July 2010|accessdate=6 April 2019|publisher=tamilnow.com|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406094517/http://www.tamilnow.com/magazine/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-a-romantic-404.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For one song, 56 costumes were changed in it revealed the choreographer Habib who had used special techniques for each song.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beta.top10cinema.com/article/1247/56-costume-changes-in-a-song|title=56 Costume Changes In A Song|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=6 April 2019|publisher=beta.top10cinema.com|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406094523/http://beta.top10cinema.com/article/1247/56-costume-changes-in-a-song|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Debutant music director Pollock has composed 7 songs and Biju Antony took care of camera work. The film director Ajaz said, "Being in the software industry and having been associated with a lot of back-end work for films, we have the right expertise, knowledge and infrastructure needed to produce hi-tech films. Vizhiyil Vizhunthavalwas quite graphic intensive (all the sets were created using graphics). We'll see how viewers accept Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval before deciding on our next production".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-bitsy/article16214423.ece|title=Futuristic fare|date=29 July 2010|accessdate=6 April 2019|author=Nikhil Raghavan|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = Pollack
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 12 October 2009
| recorded = 2009
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:44
| label =
| producer = Pollack
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
{{Music ratings
| rev1 = Behindwoods.com
| rev1score = {{Rating|2.5|5}}<ref name="music">{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-music-reviews/review-1/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval.html|title=VIZHIYIL VIZHUNTHAVAL MUSIC REVIEW|accessdate=6 April 2019|website=Behindwoods.com|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406094515/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-music-reviews/review-1/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by Pollack. The soundtrack features 7 tracks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/vizhiyil-vizhundhaval/ED8vr23p7e8_|title=Vizhiyil Vizhundhaval Songs|accessdate=6 April 2019|publisher=jiosaavn.com|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406135502/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/vizhiyil-vizhundhaval/ED8vr23p7e8_|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/Vizhiyil-Vizhundhaval-songs-T0002031-play|title=Vizhiyil Vizhundhaval Songs|accessdate=6 April 2019|website=[[Raaga.com]]|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406094521/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/Vizhiyil-Vizhundhaval-songs-T0002031-play|url-status=live}}</ref> The audio was released on 12 October 2009 at the [[SPI Cinemas|Sathyam cinemas]] in the presence of [[K. Bhagyaraj]], [[Kalaipuli G. Sekaran]], [[Youreka]] and Sivasakthi Pandian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2009/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-audio-141009.html|title=Vizhiyil Vizhunthaval audio launched|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=6 April 2019|website=[[Raaga.com]]|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406094515/https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2009/vizhiyil-vizhunthaval-audio-141009.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic stated, "This composer has delivered a neat googly in this album. It pleases you with its seriousness and the sensible, unfussy use of background music. The songs, though westernized, have strong melodic touches that you really take to".<ref name="music"/>

{{track listing
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_writing = R. K. Raghuraman
| title1 = Paarthal Naan Charlie Chaplin
| extra1 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| length1 = 04:04
| title2 = Vizhigalil Vizhunthaval
| extra2 = [[Suchith Suresan]]
| length2 = 02:46
| title3 = Oru Naal Mazhainaal
| extra3 = Suchith Suresan, Niveda, Sreelaxmi
| length3 = 03:57
| title4 = Penne Nee
| extra4 = Suchith Suresan
| length4 = 03:39
| title5 = Sirakindri Paravi
| extra5 = [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length5 = 04:30
| title6 = Thenkoodu
| extra6 = Krithika
| length6 = 03:39
| title7 = Theendi Paaradha
| extra7 = [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length7 = 02:09
| total_length = 24:44}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:2010 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2010 romance films]]

Rajpal Singh Sirohi

2026-02-25T00:01:43Z

TiffinyAult552: Added Biography - done

{{Short description|Indian optical physicist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Rajpal Singh Sirohi
| image = Rajpal Singh Sirohi - Kolkata 2005-07-23 01829 Cropped.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|04|07|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = Applied optics, optical metrology
| workplaces = {{indented plainlist|
* [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]]
* [[Tezpur University]]}}
| alma_mater = {{ubli|[[Meerut College]] (M.Sc.)|[[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]] (Ph.D.)}}
| known_for = Optical metrology
| awards = {{indented plainlist|
* Galileo Galilei Award (1995)
* Alexander von Humboldt Award (1995)
* Padma Shri (2004)
* Gabor Award (2009)}}
}}

'''Rajpal Singh Sirohi''' (born 7 April 1943) is an Indian optics physicist, academic administrator, educator, and researcher in optical metrology. He is the former Director of IIT Delhi and Vice Chancellor of several universities. He is the Fellow of INAE, NASI, OSA, SPIE, OSI and ISoI. He has received numerous awards including Gabor Award of SPIE, Galileo Award of ICO. He is also the recipient of Padma Shri by Govt. of India. He is the author of about 430 papers and several books.

== Education ==

Rajpal Singh Sirohi was born in 1943 in village Sehra, District Bulandshahar, Uttar Pradesh, India in a farmer's family. He studied in village school until 3rd standard. He did his 4th and 5th standard education in a school at Bhawan Bahadur Nagar. Thereafter he joined the SB Inter College at Bhawan Bahadur Nagar and studied there until 12th standard. He completed B.Sc. from N.A.S. College, Meerut and M.Sc. (Physics) from Meerut College. He obtained two degrees (Post M.Sc. Diploma and Ph.D.) from IIT Delhi.{{fact|date=January 2019}}

== Profession ==

He worked as Scientific Officer at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Assistant Professor and Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India. He was visiting Professor at National University Singapore; Alexander von Humboldt Awardee at Oldenburg University Germany; Distinguished Scholar at Rose Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, Indiana USA; Chair Professor, Tezpur University, Assam, India. He held several administrative positions such as Director, IIT Delhi; Vice Chancellor, Barkatullah University, Bhopal; Vice-Chancellor, Shobhit University, Meerut; Vice Chancellor, Amity University, Jaipur; Vice-Chancellor, Invertis University, Bareilly. He was Chairman, BoG, NSIT, New Delhi and Chairman, GB, NCSM, Kolkata.{{fact|date=May 2020}}

== Awards and honours ==
He is the recipient of the following awards:

=== National awards ===

* Amita De Memorial Award of the Optical Society of India (1998)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iitm.ac.in/annualreports/IITM-AnnualReport-1998.pdf |page=3|title=IITD}}</ref>
* Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Award in Engineering & Technology (awarded in 2002) by MP Council of Science and Technology (2000)<ref>''Hindustan Times'', 14 November 2002</ref>
* Dr. YT Thathachari Prestigious Award for Science by Thathachari Foundation, Mysore (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhramara.org/activities.html|title=bhramara}}</ref>
* Giant's Gaurav Samman by Giant's International (2001)
* NAFEN's Annual Corporate Excellence Award (2001)
* Sir C. V. Raman Award: Physical Sciences by University Grants Commission (UGC) (2002)<ref>{{Cite news|title=UGC News, p. 27, January 2004}}</ref>
* NRDC Technology Invention Award by National Research Development Corporation, New Delhi on 11 May, (2003)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nrdcindia.com/english/index.php/awards/awarded-inventions-awarded-inventions/30-year-2003|title=NRDC}}</ref>
* Centenarian Seva Ratna Award (awarded in February 2006) by The Centenarian Trust, Chennai (2004)
* Padma Shri, a National Civilian Award by Government of India (2004)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hindustan Times | location=New Delhi|date=27 January 2004}}</ref>
* Sir C. V. Raman Birth Centenary Award by [[Indian Science Congress Association]], Kolkata (2005)
* UGC National Hari OM Ashram Trust Award - Homi J. Bhabha Award for Applied Sciences (awarded on 22 February 2010) by University Grants Commission (2005)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=3639|title=Bhaba Award|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012180044/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=3639|archive-date=2004-10-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Instrument Society of India Award 2007 on 24 October, (2007)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isu.iisc.ernet.in/~isoi/Awards.html|title=IISc Award}}</ref>
* Life-Time Achievement Award by Optical Society of India on 18 December 2007
* Distinguished Alumni Award by Indian Institute of Technology Delhi on 9 November, (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alumni.iitd.ac.in/distinguished/alumni/awards|title=Alumni|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027014351/https://alumni.iitd.ac.in/distinguished/alumni/awards|archive-date=2014-10-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== International awards ===

* Humboldt Research Award by Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany (1995)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hindu|location=Madras|date=12 May 1995}}</ref>
* Galileo Galilei Award of International Commission for Optics (1995)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-ico.org/activities/awards|title=ICO}}</ref>
* 13th Khwarizmi International Award by Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (2000)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irost.org/kia/.../khwarizmi-international-award-13th-session-2000|title=IROST}}{{dead link|date=June 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Albert Einstein Silver Medal, UNESCO (2000)
* Holo-Knight, inducted into Order of Holo-Knights during the International Conference-Fringe05-at Stuttgart, Germany on 12 September, (2005)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldsworsttourist.com/holography/holoknights.html|title=Holo Knight|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308234120/http://worldsworsttourist.com/holography/holoknights.html|archive-date=2016-03-08|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Gabor Award 2009 by SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering) USA on 7 April (2009)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spie.org/x48.xml|title=Gabor}}</ref>
* Vikram Award 2014 by SPIE (International Society for Optical Engineering) USA on 10 February, (2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spie.org/x25064.xml|title=spie}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirohi, Rajpal Singh}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Indian optical physicists]]
[[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bengaluru]]

2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela crowd crush

2026-02-23T13:26:29Z

TiffinyAult552: Done

{{Short description|Crowd crush in January 2025 at the Kumbh Mela festival}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox event
| partof = [[2025 Prayag Kumbh Mela]]
| title = 2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela crowd crush
| image =
| caption = [[2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela]]
| date = {{start date|df=yes|2025|01|29}}
| place = [[Prayagraj]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.431388|N|81.887971|E|display=inline,title}}
| also_known_as = 2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela Crowd collapses
| type = [[Crowd collapses and crushes|Crowd collapses]] and [[Stampede#Human stampedes and crushes|Stampede]]
| cause = Broken barrier
| reported deaths = *37 (official)
*37-82 (Sources disputed)
| reported injuries = *60 (official)
*90-200 (sources)
| map = {{Location map
| India Uttar Pradesh#India
| places =
|lat= 25.431388
|long= 81.887971
|label=Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela stampede
|mark=Red pog.svg
| position = top
| caption =
| width = 240
| float = center
| relief = yes
}}
}}

On 29 January 2025, [[Crowd collapses and crushes|crowd crushes]] occurred at the [[2025 Prayag Kumbh Mela]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumbh Mela: Worshippers feared killed in crowd crush at huge Indian religious festival |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cgq07z0yexvt |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Regan |first=Helen |date=29 January 2025 |title=Several injured in crowd crush at India's Kumbh Mela religious festival |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/28/india/crowd-crush-kumbh-mela-india-intl-latam-hnk/index.html |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> at the confluence of the [[Ganges]], [[Yamuna]], and [[Sarasvati River|Saraswati]] rivers in [[Prayagraj]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Livingstone |first=Helen |date=29 January 2025 |title=India crowd crushes: dozens feared dead at Kumbh Mela religious festival – latest updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/jan/29/india-crowd-crush-kumbh-mela-religious-festival-live-blog-injuries-prayagraj |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> in the northern Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. At least 30<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last1=Belam |first1=Martin |last2=Lamb |first2=Kate |last3=Livingstone |first3=Helen |date=29 January 2025 |title=Police in India confirm 30 dead and 60 injured in the stampede at Maha Kumbh|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/jan/29/india-crowd-crush-kumbh-mela-religious-festival-live-blog-injuries-prayagraj?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-6799e0918f086988fc900b96 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> people were killed, while 90 others were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2025 |title=30 dead, 90 injured in stampede at Maha Kumbh; Yogi Adityanath orders judicial inquiry |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/multiple-people-dead-in-stampede-at-maha-kumbh-amid-surge-of-devotees-on-mauni-amavasya-13857553.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> This is the sixth crowd crush during the [[Kumbh Mela]] in the past 70 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-29 |title=Deaths after the surge: On the stampede at the Maha Kumbh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/deaths-after-the-surge-on-the-stampede-at-the-maha-kumbh/article69155298.ece |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
A second crush in the following hours<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Saurabh |last2=Patel |first2=Shivam |date=30 January 2025 |title=Millions of Hindus take 'holy dip' a day after fatal stampede |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-orders-probe-into-kumbh-festival-stampede-that-killed-dozens-2025-01-30/ |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Reuters}}</ref> killed seven people including a three-year-old child.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Kenneth |date=31 January 2025 |title=A second crush 3km away claimed 7 lives |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/maha-kumbh-stampede-a-second-crush-3km-away-claimed-7-lives-101738290896387.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The official death toll count has been disputed, with reports suggesting the actual number of fatalities being higher than the government’s figure. A [[Newslaundry]] report based on hospital and police records claims the death toll to be at least 79.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Basant |title=Exclusive: Hospital, police records suggest at least 79 deaths in Kumbh stampede |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2025/02/05/exclusive-hospital-police-records-suggest-at-least-79-deaths-in-kumbh-stampede |access-date=6 February 2025 |work=[[Newslaundry]] |date=5 February 2025}}</ref> These discrepancies have led to criticism of the government’s handling of the incident and calls for greater transparency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title= Moments before deadly stampede at India's Maha Kumbh, devotees pleaded to open more routes|url= https://www.reuters.com/world/india/moments-before-deadly-stampede-indias-maha-kumbh-devotees-pleaded-open-more-2025-01-30/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

==Background==
The [[Kumbh Mela]] is a Hindu festival which is held every 12 years<ref name="ap"/> and lasts for around six weeks. It is considered as one of the most important festivals in the Hindu religious calendar. The 2025 edition was expected to see 400 million people in attendance. Multiple crowd crushes have occurred during the festival, with at least 400 people dying in the [[1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede|1954 edition]] and 36 killed in an incident at Railway station at [[2013 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede|2013]].<ref name="abc"/>

==Incident==
The incident occurred during the [[2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela#Amrit Snān occasions|Amrit Snan]] on [[Mauni Amavasya]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kent |first=Helen Regan, Lauren |date=29 January 2025 |title=Multiple people killed in crowd crush at world's largest religious festival |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/28/india/crowd-crush-kumbh-mela-india-intl-latam-hnk/index.html |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> which was regarded as the most important day of the festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirty killed in crowd crush at India's Kumbh Mela festival |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3rwjnr12lwo |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=BBC |language=en-UK}}</ref> On the day of the incident, around 100 million people were expected to be in attendance.<ref name="ap"/> The crush started at around 1 am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], when the crowd surged forward to bathe at the confluence of three rivers, which is considered the holiest place to bathe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="guardian">{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=29 January 2025 |title=Dozens feared dead in India at Kumbh Mela religious festival |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/29/india-crowd-crush-kumbh-mela-religious-festival-death-toll-injuries-prayagraj |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The festival's special executive officer Akanksha Rana said the incident began after a festival barrier broke,<ref name="abc"/> while Uttar Pradesh chief minister [[Yogi Adityanath]] blamed the incident on devotees trying to cross over barricades delineating the designated bathing area for [[akhara]]s.<ref name="guardian"/>

As pilgrims tried to escape from the site of the first crush, which officials said was "not serious", they were caught up in another crowd crush at an exit. They then returned towards the pontoon bridges looking for another exit, generating another crush when it was found that the bridges had been closed by authorities.<ref name="abc" /> Some attendees resorted to jumping over barricades.<ref name="ap">{{Cite web |title=Several people are feared dead in a stampede at the massive Maha Kumbh festival in India |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-maha-kumbh-hinduism-stampede-da4a3423bf2fd1c06f7c730e65dc1350 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=AP News |language=en-US}}</ref> Officials tried to divert incoming crowds away from the site of the crush and told them using megaphones to bathe at other locations but were sidelined by attendees.<ref name="megaphone">{{Cite web |title=Dozens of worshippers killed in stampede at world's largest religious festival in India |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250129-15-dead-in-india-after-stampede-at-hindu-mega-festival |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Casualties ==
Conflicting reports emerged over the number of casualties, with the number of deaths ranging from 15 people to 79, and the number of injured estimated to be at least 200.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Hari |last2=Das |first2=Anupreeta |date=2025-01-29 |title=Stampede at India's Maha Kumbh Mela Hindu Festival: Many Feared Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/28/world/asia/india-stampede-maha-kumbh-festival.html |access-date=2025-01-30 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that at least 39 people were killed, with the death toll expected to rise.<ref name=":2" /> An investigation by [[Newslaundry]] put the toll at 79.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Hospital, police records suggest at least 79 deaths in Kumbh stampede|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2025/02/05/exclusive-hospital-police-records-suggest-at-least-79-deaths-in-kumbh-stampede|access-date=6 February 2025 |website=Newslaundry |language=en}}</ref> A sting operation conducted by ''4PM news network'', reported the death toll as 58.<ref name="Mahakumbh Stampede Case">{{Cite news| last=Yadav |first=Yogesh|title=महाकुंभ में हुई भगदड़ का मामला पहुंचा सुप्रीम कोर्ट, याचिका दाखिल | work=4PM |url=https://4pm.co.in/supreme-court-petition-reached-the-case-of-stampede-in-mahakumbh/121795 |access-date=30 January 2025|date=30 January 2025}}</ref> A BBC investigation identified at least 82 deaths.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr5v2my4mz9o</ref>

The victims were transported to makeshift hospitals at the festival site as well as a hospital in Prayagraj city.<ref name="abc">{{Cite web |title=At least 15 killed in stampede at India's Kumbh Mela festival |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-01-29/stampede-kumbh-mela-festival-india-15-killed-crowd/104870770 |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=ABC News|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name="guardian" /> Some of them were sleeping on the river bank when they were trampled on by other worshippers trying to bathe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worshippers killed in India stampede at world's largest religious festival |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250129-15-dead-in-india-after-stampede-at-hindu-mega-festival |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Others sleeping on the river bank were beaten with wooden sticks by police trying to move them before the crowds arrived.<ref name="stick">{{Cite web |title=Crowd chaos and confusion at site of India festival stampede |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250129-crowd-chaos-and-confusion-at-site-of-india-festival-stampede |access-date=29 January 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Authorities initially denied that the crush or casualties had occurred before announcing on the evening of 29 January that at least 30 people had died.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Critics say image concerns behind Indian stampede information blackout |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250131-critics-say-image-concerns-behind-indian-stampede-information-blackout |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Response==
The [[Rapid Action Force]] was deployed to the scene. In a phone call with Uttar Pradesh chief minister [[Yogi Adityanath]], Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] called for "immediate support measures".<ref name="abc"/> He later expressed condolences to the victims.<ref name="megaphone"/> Several [[Akhara]]s decided to cancel their participation in the Amrit Snan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akharas cancel Mauni Amavasya 'Amrit Snan' after 'stampede-like' situation at Mahakumbh, casualties feared |url=https://theprint.in/india/akharas-cancel-mauni-amavasya-amrit-snan-after-stampede-like-situation-at-mahakumbh-casualties-feared/2467811/ |publisher=[[The Print]] |date=29 January 2025}}</ref> The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] ordered a retired judge to conduct an investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Families in India cremate loved ones killed in stampede at religious festival |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-stampede-cremation-religious-festival-maha-kumbh-05d1f141128346a522c076445d6818ed |publisher=[[AP News]] |date=31 January 2025}}</ref> The administration also revoked VIP passes to streamline people’s entry. Earlier, those having VIP passes were allowed access to tents of Akhadas and sadhus in various sectors.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Dixit |first=Pawan |date=Jan 31, 2025 |title=Mahakumbh a no-vehicle zone till February 4, VIP passes cancelled |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/mahakumbh-a-no-vehicle-zone-till-february-4-vip-passes-cancelled-101738266722766.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

[[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|Leader of the Opposition]] [[Rahul Gandhi]] blamed the incident on "mismanagement" and a "focus on VIP movement" by organisers, which were also part of recurring complaints by ordinary attendees.<ref name="stick"/>

Despite the crush, the festival continued, with about 30 million people having taken a bath in the area by 8 am on 29 January.<ref>{{cite news |title=Police say at least 30 people have died in a stampede at the massive Maha Kumbh festival in India |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-maha-kumbh-hinduism-stampede-da4a3423bf2fd1c06f7c730e65dc1350 |publisher=[[AP News]] |date=29 January 2025}}</ref> Authorities banned vehicles, except for police vehicles, administration vehicles, ambulances, and other essential service providers, from entering the festival grounds until 4 February.<ref>{{cite news |title=Families mourn loved ones who died in Kumbh Mela crush |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c99y7mjne54o |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=31 January 2025}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[2025 New Delhi railway station stampede]]
*[[1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede]]
*[[2013 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Human crushes}}
{{Disasters in India in 2025}}
{{Prayagraj topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela crowd crush, 2025}}
[[Category:2025 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2025 in religion]]
[[Category:2020s in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:January 2025 in India]]
[[Category:Crowd collapses and crushes in India]]
[[Category:Disasters in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:History of Prayagraj]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Kumbh Mela]]

Malda Zilla School

2026-02-21T09:31:03Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating A Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Malda Zilla School
| logo = Malda Zilla School logo.jpg
| logo_size = 125
| image = Malda Zilla School.JPG
| caption = Oldest Building of the School
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates =
| city = [[Malda City]]
| type = 10+2
| established = 1858
| district = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| faculty = 50+
| grades = Class I through XII
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| school_board = [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] [[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education]]
| colors = [[White (colour)|White]] and [[Khaki]] {{color box|#FDFDFD}}{{color box|#C3B091}}
| principal_label = Headmaster
| principal = Md. Mobassar Ansar
| principal_label1 = Assistant Headmaster
| principal1 = Madhab Chandra Ghosh
| headmaster =
| enrollment = 1500 (approximate)
| campus_type = Urban
| website = {{URL|http://www.maldazillaschool.nic.in/}}
}}

'''Malda Zilla School''' is the oldest school at [[Malda district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Das, Arka|title=In withering mango, a lesson for a bloating belt|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/in-withering-mango-a-lesson-for-a-bloating-belt/cid/525105|accessdate=19 August 2019|date=25 May 2010|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> At present, the morning section of the school runs from Class – I to Class – V while the day section runs from Class – VI to Class – XII. In the higher secondary course, the school carries studies in all the 3 streams of study; namely the Science, Humanities and Commerce streams of study. This is one of the reputable school of the district.

==History and infrastructure==
Established in 1858, the school started in the building in which the [[Superintendent of police (India)|superintendent of police]] of [[Malda District]] resides at present. It all started in two and three [[Pucca housing|pucca rooms]] and in thatched rooms. In 1897, the school shifted to the present campus having 11 compartments and a hall attached to a courtyard. Before 1985, the building was called the main building. In 1985, the building was named after an eminent student of this institute Prof. [[Benoy Kumar Sarkar]] as Binoy Sarkar Bhavan. The building is used for administrative purposes. There are 24 classrooms housed in Jagadish Chandra Bhavan, Rammohun Bhavan, Vidyasagar Bhavan and Nazrul Bhavan. From 1897 onwards, the school had two hostels – the Hindu hostel and the Muslim hostel. The two hostels have been amalgamated under the name Malda Zilla School hostel. The hostel provide accommodation to 60 students of the XI and XII standard and a few students of lower classes.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Malda Zilla School|url=http://www.maldazillaschool.nic.in/History.htm|publisher=www.maldazillaschool.nic.in|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>

==Affiliation==
The school is affiliated to the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] for [[Madhyamik]] and the [[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education]] for [[higher secondary]].

==Admission procedure==
*'''Class I'''
*Through a system of lottery
*Tentative time for the distribution of admission forms: December
*Tentative time of draw: February
*'''Class XI'''
Through merit in secondary exam of applicants.

(Conducted by the school authority after publication of secondary result.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maldazillaschool.nic.in/AdmissionProcedure.htm|title=Admission Procedure|publisher=www.maldazillaschool.nic.in|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>

==Subjects==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Subjects taught in higher secondary
|
|-
|Science||Bengali, English, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biological Science, Statistics, Environmental Studies.
|-
|Humanities||Bengali, English, History, Geography, Economics, Political Science, Philosophy, Modern Computer Application, Environmental Studies, Nutrition.
|-
|Commerce||Bengali, English, Accountancy, Business Organization & Management, Business Economics Including Business Mathematics (BEBM), Economic Geography, Modern Computer Application, Economics, Environmental Studies.
|}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maldazillaschool.nic.in/subjecttaught.htm|title=Subjects Taught in Higher Secondary|publisher=www.maldazillaschool.nic.in|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>

==Co-curricular activities==

=== Eco-club ===
Assisted by financial endowments of the Departments of Environment of both the government of India and the government of West Bengal and Paschimbanga Vijnan Mancha, the eco-club of the school undertakes activities relating to environmental issues.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Co-Curricular Activities|url=http://www.maldazillaschool.nic.in/co-curricular%20activities.htm|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>

=== Sports ===
The school students takes part in the soccer, cricket, Khokho and Kabhadi competitions under the guidance of the District Sports Association and the District School Sports Association.<ref name=":0" /> Every year, the annual sports of the school is held at Malda Zilla School Ground, and the Inter-Class WBGSTA Football Cup is held, organised by WBGSTA (West Bengal Government School Teachers' Association).<ref name="maldazillaschool_sports">{{cite web|title=Sports Activities|url=http://www.maldazillaschool.nic.in/sports.html|publisher=www.maldazillaschool.nic.in|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>

=== Science and cultural programme ===
The students take part in science and cultural contests/seminars/exhibitions not only in the school but also in the district, state and national level.<ref name=":0" />

==Notable alumni==
*[[Benoy Kumar Sarkar]] - Indian social scientist, professor, nationalist and founder of several institutes in [[Kolkata]], including: the Bengali Institute of Sociology, Bengali Asia Academy, Bengali Dante Society, and Bengali Institute of American Culture.
*[[Asim Dasgupta]] - former Minister for Finance and Excise in the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] ministry in the [[Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/english-is-must-learn-says-asim/cid/522680|title=English is must-learn, says Asim|work=The Telegraph|date=18 December 2008|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>
*[[Subhash Bhowmick]] - born in West Bengal, was a retired Indian [[association football]] (soccer) international player and club level coach and manager.<ref name=janpratinidhi>{{cite web|title=About English Bazar MLA Constituency|url=http://janpratinidhi.com/Englishbazar-1232/About|publisher=www.janpratinidhi.com|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>
*[[Ramesh Chandra Ghosh]] - MABL lawyer, politician and associate of [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/malda_zilla_school/donations/education-for-poor-children/|title=Education for Poor Children|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref> He was imprisoned in 1942 during the [[Quit India Movement]].<ref name=janpratinidhi/>
* [[Krishna Jiban Sanyal]] - an Indian revolutionary and member of the [[Jugantar]] group, Convicted in the [[Alipore bomb case]], an associate of Aravindra Ghosh
* [[Santi Gopal Sen]] - an Indian revolutionary and member of the [[Bengal Volunteers]] group, convicted in Midnapore District in the murder of [[District Magistrate]] Bernard E. J. Burge.

==Awards==
*In 2008, two students were awards at the Sadar Zone ([[English Bazar]]) Athletics Meet organized by DSSA (the District School Sports Association). A student secured second place in the [[high jump]] and a student secured third place in the 800 meter [[Sprint (running)|sprint]].
*The school team has been honoured as the District Champion (Under 19 Years) in cricket consecutively for six years from 2001 to 2006 in the Dattu Fatkar CUP conducted by the DSSA (District School Sports Association).
*In 2006 the school team were Runners-up in [[association football|football]] (Under 17 years) organized by the District School Sports Association.
*In 2005 the school team were Runners-up in [[kabaddi|kabadi]] (Under 19 years) organized by the District School Sports Association.
*In 2003 the school team were Runners-up in 5-Speed cricket tournament organized by the [[Hercules Cycle and Motor Company|Hercules Cycle Company]].
*In 1993 and 1994, a student won the Atlas Trophy in [[cycle sport|cycling]].
*In 2008 the school team were Runners-up in football (Under 17 years) organized by the District School Sports Association.<ref name="maldazillaschool_sports"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Zilla Schools}}

[[Category:Primary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Malda district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1858]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in India]]

Kya Mast Hai Life

2026-02-19T19:38:16Z

TiffinyAult552: started new data w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian teen sitcom television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox television
| image = kyamasthailife.jpg
| caption = 
| genre = [[Teen sitcom]]
| creator =
| writer = {{Unbulleted list|[[Karan Agarwal]]|[[Tanmay Bhat]]}}
| director = {{Unbulleted list|Aarif Shamsi|[[Siladitya Sen]]}}
| starring = * [[Nazneen Ghaani]]
* [[Shaheer Sheikh]]
* [[Sana Amin Sheikh]]
* [[Ashish Juneja]]
* [[Shweta Tripathi]]
* [[Manini Mishra]]
| opentheme = "Kya Mast Mast Hai Life" by Sangeeth Haldipur and Vasudha Varma
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2<ref>{{cite web |author=Adgully Bureau |url=https://www.adgully.com/disney-channel-s-show-kya-mast-hai-life-makes-a-comeback-this-summer-42729.html |title=Disney Channel's show "Kya Mast Hai Life' makes a comeback this summer |publisher=Adgully.com |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523191542/https://www.adgully.com/disney-channel-s-show-kya-mast-hai-life-makes-a-comeback-this-summer-42729.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| num_episodes = 130
| runtime = 20-25 minutes
| company = Sol Productions
| network = [[Disney Channel (Indian TV channel)|Disney Channel]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2009|4|27}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2010|7|4}}
}}
'''Kya Mast Hai Life''' is an Indian [[teen sitcom]] television series which ran on [[Disney Channel India]] from 27 April 2009 to 7 July 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2009 |title=Disney extends local content; launches new show on 27 April |work=Indiantelevision.com |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/apr/apr27.php |access-date=27 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604013249/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/apr/apr27.php |archive-date=4 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The series produced by Sol Productions had 130 episodes. The show focused on the lives of five college friends: Ragini ('Rags'), Zeeshan ('Zee'), Zenia, Ritu ('Rits') and Vir.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2010 |title=Kya Mast Hai Life's second season to launch on 17 April |work=Indiantelevision.com's Kidology |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/apr/apr96.php |access-date=17 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622062628/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k10/apr/apr96.php |archive-date=22 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Plot==
The show revolves around five college friends and their daily comical lives.

===Season 1===
Ragini "Rags" Juneja is the 16 year old daughter of Bollywood megastar Sushmita Juneja, about to join Redfield Academy junior college after 10 years of boarding school. Wary of people befriending her only for her status again, she makes the decision to hide her wealth and fame. Her mother doesn’t understand her concerns and Rags has to go as far as threatening her body guard with false allegations of laziness to get him to not follow her into school.

At Redfield, she meets a band of inseparable childhood friends: Zenia Khan, a fiery girl, her twin brother Zeeshan ‘Zee’ Khan, a hopeless flirt, Vir Mehra, whose parents want him to become a doctor like them despite his [[hemophobia]], and Ritu Shah, who is called BBB which stands for ‘Bin Baadal Barsaat’ (rain without clouds) for her tendency to burst into tears.

Zenia and Ritu look down upon the school’s most popular girls, known as the Teen Titliya (Three Butterflies) for being materialistic and snobbish. To avoid being alienated by her new friends, Rags lies to them, saying her mom is a kindergarten teacher and that she is a poor singer, despite her being excellent at singing. She also falsely claims her expensive clothes are cheap imitations to repel the attentions of the Teen Titliya.

Her friends eventually find out her secrets and, while initially angry, they ultimately forgive her.

===Season 2===
The events of the second season take place during summer vacations. Zee works at a bookstore in which Mr. Mandal is temporarily in charge. Ritu is shown to be in Ahmedabad. Zee and Zenia's mother is introduced. The season starts with Zee discovering a magic potion that makes the last thoughts of the characters come true. When Ritu returns, Ragini, Zee, Zenia, and Vir have a wonderful adventure with the magic potion. But when they visit Ragini in Thailand, the magic potion turns out to be a ghost who wants to take revenge on the gang because of a mistake Zee made. Zee eventually defeats him, and they celebrate Ragini's birthday happily. They all breathe a sigh of relief thinking that the magic potion which had caused them so much trouble was gone, but it is actually back in Zee's bag. The series ends with a triumphant episode and it says that the five will be best friends forever.

It has 26 episodes.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Nazneen Ghaani]] as Ragini Juneja aka "Rags" : Rags describes herself as an ‘Ameer baap ki bhigdi hui (wealthy father’s spoiled) rich spoiled girl (sic)’. Despite the self criticism Rags is conscious of the class difference between the average teen and herself, and is desperate to blend in to avoid being befriended by flatterers and leeches. Her mother Sushmita is an megastar and father Ravi Juneja is a multimillionaire. She has a paternal grandmother named Radha Juneja. Rags is best friend to Zenia and Zee and goes on to date Vir.<ref name=HTMAST>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/tv-s-archie-gang-is-back/story-egy04Wxy2vundJpsKXkoiJ.html|title=TV's Archie gang is back|date=19 April 2010|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524041615/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/tv-s-archie-gang-is-back/story-egy04Wxy2vundJpsKXkoiJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Shaheer Sheikh]] as Vir Mehra: He is Rags' boyfriend. He calls Zee his "chuddy buddy" best friend as they have known each other since they were in diapers and underpants (chuddies). His parents are Dr. Mehra and Dr. Panchi Mehra. The doctor couple want their son to follow in their footsteps, for which reason he is the only one among the group to enroll in the science department despite his hemophobia that causes him to faint at the sight of blood. He has an aunt in the army named Anita. Ramu kaka (uncle) is his caretaker.<ref name=HTMAST/>
* [[Sana Amin Sheikh]] as Ritu Shah aka "BBB" (Bin Baadal Barsaat)/"Rits": She is a sensitive, sweet and girly girl who usually wears ethnic prints and patterns. Ritu lives in a joint, traditional family. She has a cousin nicknamed Guddi and a cousin named Paresh Bhai. She had a crush on Vir but later fell in love with Aryan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/mirchi-rj-sana-moves-tv|title=Mirchi RJ Sana moves to TV|website=www.radioandmusic.com|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224182734/http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/mirchi-rj-sana-moves-tv|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ashish Juneja]] as Zeeshan Khan aka " Zee": is Zenia's twin brother. He likes flashy, hip hop culture inspired clothing and attempts to flirt with girls only to comically fail. The twins’ mother is Zarina Khan. Zee dates Kimmy.<ref name=HTMAST/>
** Amey Pandya as Young Zee
* [[Shweta Tripathi]] as Zenia Khan: An outspoken, feisty young girl who isn’t afraid of voicing her opinions on anyone or picking a fight. Despite her confident attitude she has worries of school popularity on mind and gives Rags advice on being cool: ‘Don’t do what teachers tell you to do, do what everyone else is doing, be yourself.’ She also hates the Teen Titliya with a passion. Zenia goes out with Jango.<ref name=HTMAST/>

===Recurring===
* [[Vishakha Dugarh]] as Kimmy: She is the leader of the Teen Titliya. Despite her initial snobbish and classist attitude that kept her from socialising outside her posse, she used to harbour a crush on Vir before realising her love for Zee and dating him. She is very fashionable and charismatic, earning her the loyalty of the student body and especially her two fellow Titliya who always match her choice of clothing colour. Her catchphrase is ‘How downmarket''!’''
* [[Manini Mishra]] as Sushmita Juneja: Rags mother. She is a mega filmstar and film producer Ravi Juneja's wife.
* [[Sumana Das]] as Riya: She is a member of the Titliya. She is loyal and fawns upon Kimmy.
*Romy Gupta as Liya: She used to be in the Titliya. She was the replacement for Tiya.
* [[Reena Aggarwal]] as Tiya: She used to be a Titli, but later she left abroad for further studies.
*Anamika Bhalla as Diya : She is a Titli. She is the replacement for Liya.
* [[Sonali Sachdev]] as Ms. Sandra D'Souza: She is the dramatics teacher of Redfield Academy. She often gets into fights with Mr. Mandal, although she likes him. Her idol is Shakespeare.
* [[Bhuvnesh Shetty]] as
** Mr. Priyanshu Mandal: the Hindi teacher of Redfield Academy. His favorite student is Ritu Shah. He speaks in pure Hindi. He fights with Ms. D'souza, although he also likes her. He is also a big fan of Sushmita Juneja (Rags Mom).
** Himanshu Mandal aka H.M Mandal: He is a retired principal of a college and Mr. Mandal's father.
* [[Manmauji Mishra]] as Ramu Kaka: He is Vir's caretaker. He is very caring to Vir and his friends.
* [[Prabal Panjabi]] as Jankidas Govind aka "Jango": He is the college bully, who used to especially bully Zee due to a misconception during Vir's birthday. He is Zenia's boyfriend. He is a very good friend to Disco, the canteen manager.
* [[Rajesh Jais]] as Mr. Babyswhar a.k.a. 'Baby Sir': He is the principal of Redfield Academy. He is a fun-loving principal who believes in magic. He often gives lessons to the best friend's gang in different kinds of ways.
*[[Rajatdeep Singh Sandhu]] as Disco: the canteen manager of Redfield Academy. He is quite friendly to his customers. He is a very good friend to Jango.
*Iqbal Khan as Mr. Chotu: Rags bodyguard. He does not speak because he has a voice like a rat. Zee has only heard his voice. He and Zee are friends after that.
* [[Devansh Doshi]] as Paresh Bhai: He is Ritu's cousin, he often irritates her and the gang. But sometimes he turned out to be helpful too. He is a world-class dandiya champion. He speaks in a Gujarati tone.
*Rohit Vijay Bhardwaj as Aryan: He is Ritu's Boyfriend. He is a Mathematics Olympiad Champion.
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Mr. Singhania
* [[Mihir Mishra]] as Mr. Mehra: He is Vir's father, a doctor who wants to make his son a doctor. But Vir wants to be a musician, which leads them into arguments.
*Sadhana Sharma as Panchi Mehra: Vir's mother.
* [[Delnaaz Irani]] as Mrs. Zarina Khan : Zeeshan and Zenia's mother.
* Alan Kapoor as Buzz Sharma
* [[Vishal Malhotra]] as Maya Mantar

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kya Mast Hai Life Original Sound Track
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Aasma Band]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 17 April 2009
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = {{Ubl
|[[Teen Sitcom]]
|[[Soundtrack]]}}
| length =
| language = [[Hindi]] [[English language|English]]
| label = [[Disney India]]
| producer = [[Sandip Sickand]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column= Artist
| total_length= 22:25
| headline = Kya Mast Hai Lofe: Tracklisting
| title1 = Kya Mast Hai Life
| note1 =
| extra1 = Sangeeth Haldipur, Vasudha Varma
| length1 = 2:45
| title2 = Yeh Pal Jo Meethe Pal!
| note2 =
| extra2 = Sangeeth Haldipur, Vasudha Varma
| length2 = 2:35
| title3 = Saath Saath Rahe Forever
| note3 =
| extra3 = Sangeeth Haldipur, Vasudha Varma
| length3 = 3:25
| title4 = Yaadien
| note4 =
| extra4 = [[Sana Amin Sheikh]]
| length4 = 3:11
| title5 = Love Is In The Air
| note5 =
| extra5 = Sangeeth Haldipur, Vasudha Varma
| length5 = 4:32
| title6 = Abhi Abhi (The Titli Song)
| note6 =
| extra6 =
| length6 = 0:40
| title7 = Life Ek Fest Hai
| note7 =
| extra7 = [[Aasma]] Band
| length7 = 3:55
| title8 = Rags Ko Vote
| note8 =
| extra8 = [[Aasma]] Band
| length8 = 0:30
| title9 = She Tops the Coolio Chart
| note 9 =
| extra9 = Sangeeth Haldipur, Vasudha Varma
| length9 = 0:30
}}

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient(s)
! Result
|-
|2009
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|Popular Kid's Programme
|Kya Mast Hai life
|{{nom}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|title=The Indian Telly Awards 2009 Popular Nominess|publisher=indiantelevision.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115061924/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|archive-date=15 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Disney Channel (India) series]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
*{{official website|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519081611/http://www.disney.in/DisneyChannel/supersites/kmhl}}
{{Disney Channel India Original Series}}

[[Category:Disney Channel (Indian TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Television series by Disney]]
[[Category:2009 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2010 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian teen sitcoms]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television series set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Disney Channel sitcoms]]
[[Category:Television series about families]]
[[Category:Television series about siblings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Single-camera television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Indian television series about teenagers]]

Alfred Guillaume

2026-02-18T07:52:37Z

TiffinyAult552:

{{Short description|British Hebrew and Islamic scholar (1888–1965)}}
{{One source|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Alfred Guillaume
| image =
| alt = Portrait of Alfred Guillaume
| caption = Alfred Guillaume
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|11|8}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1965|11|30|1888|11|8}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Scholar of Islam, Arabist
| known_for = Translation of Ibn Ishaq's "Sirat Rasul Allah"

}}
'''Alfred Guillaume''' (8 November 1888 – 30 November 1965) was a British Christian [[Arabist]], scholar of the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament and Islam.<ref name="times">{{cite news |title= Professor Alfred Guillaume: Arabic and Islamic Scholar |work=[[The Times]] |page=16 |date=3 December 1965}}</ref>

==Career==
Guillaume was born in [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton, Middlesex]], the son of Alfred Guillaume. He took up Arabic after studying Theology and Oriental Languages at the [[Wadham College, Oxford]]. In the First World War, he served in France and then in the [[Arab Bureau]] in [[Cairo]]. Guillaume was a Christian and later ordained.<ref name="times"/>

He became Professor of Arabic and the Head of the Department of the Near and Middle East in the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] (SOAS), in the [[University of London]]. He was later visiting professor of Arabic at [[Princeton University]], New Jersey. He was a professor of Hebrew at [[Durham University]] from 1920 to 1930.<ref name="times"/>

In the winter 1944–45, during the Second World War the [[British Council]] invited him to accept a visiting professorship at the [[American University of Beirut]] where he greatly enlarged his circle of Muslim friends. The Arab Academy of Damascus (1949) and the Royal Academy of Baghdad (1950) honoured him by electing him to their number, and the [[University of Istanbul]] chose him as their first foreign lecturer on Christian and Islamic theology. In the autumn of 1945, Guillaume succeeded his friend [[S. H. Hooke]] on the [[Samuel Davidson Professor of Old Testament Studies|Samuel Davidson chair]] at the University of London, changing to the chair in Arabic in 1947 (at SOAS),<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Sidney|date=1966-01-01|title=Obituary: Alfred Guillaume|jstor=611301|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=29|issue=2|pages=478–481|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00060080|doi-access=free}}</ref> and was also a professor of Hebrew from 1947 to 1955. In 1955, Guillaume served as president to the [[Society for Old Testament Study]].<ref name="times"/>

In 1916, he married Margaret Woodfield Leadbitter, daughter of Rev. William Oram Leadbitter, and they had two sons and two daughters. He died in [[Wallingford, Berkshire]] at age 77.<ref name="times"/>

==Works==
He was best known as the author of ''Islam'', published by [[Penguin Books]], and as co-author, with [[Thomas Walker Arnold|Sir Thomas Arnold]], of ''The Legacy of Islam'', in the [[Legacy series|''Legacy'' series]], which has been translated into several languages. He also translated [[Ibn Ishaq]]'s "[[Sirah Rasul Allah]]", published as ''The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's "Sirat Rasul Allah"''.

*[https://archive.org/details/298_Alfred.Guillaume_The.Traditions.of.Islam ''The Traditions of Islam: An Introduction to the Study of the Hadith literature''] (1924). Oxford: Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8369-9260-1}}
*[https://archive.org/details/legacyofislam032426mbp ''The Legacy of Islam''] (with Thomas Arnold) (1931). Oxford, Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|978-81-7151-239-3}}
*''Kitāb Nihājat al-iqdām fī ʿilm al-kalām'' / [[Abu-ʾl-Fatḥ Muḥammad Ibn-ʿAbd-al-Karīm aš- Šahrastānī]] (1934). Oxford University Press.
*''Prophecy and Divination Among the Hebrews and Other Semites'' ([[Bampton Lectures]]) (1938). London: Hodder & Stoughton
*''Islam'' (1954). Hammondsworth, Penguin. {{ISBN|978-0-14-013555-8}}
*''The Life of Muhammad'' (1955). Oxford University Press. {{LCCN|55012845}}
** Later editions include [https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad ''The Life of Muhammad''] (1967). {{ISBN|978-0196360331}} {{OCLC|911693736}}
*''Hebrew and Arabic lexicography'' (1965). Leiden: Brill.

==See also==
*[[List of Islamic scholars]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guillaume, Alfred}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:British Arabists]]
[[Category:British orientalists]]
[[Category:Christian scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Academics of SOAS University of London]]
[[Category:20th-century British writers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Arab Bureau officers]]
[[Category:Academics of Durham University]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Society for Old Testament Study]]
[[Category:People from Edmonton, London]]

Indra Mani Pandey

2026-02-07T12:10:30Z

TiffinyAult552: Started first details needs work - done

{{Short description|Indian diplomat}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Indra Mani PANDEY
| image = Indra Mani Pandey in Dhaka (PID-0005573) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Pandey in 2024
| honorific_prefix = [[His Excellency]]
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| occupation = [[Diplomat]]
| office = 4th Secretary-General of [[BIMSTEC]]
| predecessor = [[Tenzin Lekphell]]
| status = [[Incumbent]]
| term_start = 4 January 2024
| spouse = Sushma Pandey
| education = [[Oxford University]]
}}

'''Indra Mani Pandey''' is an Indian diplomat, who is currently serving as the 4th Secretary General of [[BIMSTEC]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary General - Home-The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic |url=https://bimstec.org/secretary-general |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=bimstec.org}}</ref>

== Education ==
In 1998-99, Pandey attended the Foreign Service Programme at [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]]. Later, in 2009, he attended the 49th Course on National Security and Strategy, conducted by [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]], New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=H.E. Mr. Indra Mani PANDEY |url=https://aiforgood.itu.int/speaker/h-e-mr-indra-mani-pandey/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=AI for Good |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:BIMSTEC Secretary General Indra Mani Pandey Meets Muhammad Yunus In Dhaka 2024-10-28 (PID-0005573).jpg|left|thumb|221x221px|Pandey meets with Bangladesh CA Muhammad Yunus in 2024]]
Pandey joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1990.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Indra Mani Pandey assumes charge of BIMSTEC Secretary General: |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/ambassador-indra-mani-pandey-assumes-charge-of-bimstec-secretary-general-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424080312/https://ddnews.gov.in/en/ambassador-indra-mani-pandey-assumes-charge-of-bimstec-secretary-general-2/ |archive-date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=ddnews.gov.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

As part of the service, he has most notably served as Ambassador of India to the Sultanate of Oman, Deputy Ambassador of India to France and Consul General of India at Guangzhou in China.<ref name=":1" /> He also served as joint secretary in the Disarmament and International Security Affairs division of the Ministry of External Affairs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Indra Mani Pandey Appointed India's Permanent Representative To UN In Geneva |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indra-mani-pandey-appointed-indias-permanent-representative-to-un-in-geneva-2255497 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806133336/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indra-mani-pandey-appointed-indias-permanent-representative-to-un-in-geneva-2255497 |archive-date=2024-08-06 |access-date=2025-10-17 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>

He took over as the 4th Secretary-General of BIMSTEC in January 2024, for a three-year term.<ref name=":0" /> He is the first Indian to hold this position. Prior, to taking over this position, he served as the [[Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Ambassador Indra Mani Pandey assumes the charge of 4th Secretary General of BIMSTEC |url=https://bimstec.org/event/120/ambassador-indra-mani-pandey-assumes-the-charge-of-4th-secretary-general-of-bimstec |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=BIMSTEC |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

As BIMSTEC SG, he emphasized the importance of stronger cooperation. He also stated that BIMSTEC was an important link for bridging South and Southeast Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIMSTEC chief stresses regional cooperation for Indo-Pacific prosperity {{!}} Others |url=https://www.bssnews.net/others/313978 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=BSS}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Idionyx saffronatus

2026-01-29T04:21:36Z

TiffinyAult552: Started the pg v1

{{short description|Species of dragonfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Saffron shadow dancer
| image = DSC 2947 Idionyx saffronata.jpg
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Dow, R.A. |date=2009 |title=''Idionyx saffronata'' |volume=2009 |article-number=e.T163732A5643070 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T163732A5643070.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Idionyx
| species = saffronatus
| authority = [[Frederic Charles Fraser|Fraser]], 1924
| synonyms = ''Idionyx saffronata'' Fraser, 1924 (Missp.)
| display_parents = 3
}}

'''''Idionyx saffronatus''''',<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref> or '''saffron shadow dancer''', is a species of [[dragonfly]] in the family [[Synthemistidae]]. It is known only from the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]].<ref name=atlas>{{cite book |last1=K.A. |first1=Subramanian |last2=K.G. |first2=Emiliyamma |last3=R. |first3=Babu |last4=C. |first4=Radhakrishnan |last5=S.S. |first5=Talmale |title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India |date=2018 |publisher=Zoological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-8171-495-4|pages=272–273}}</ref><ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/227442|title=Idionyx saffronata Fraser 1924 | Species}}</ref>

==Description and habitat==
It is a small dragonfly with emerald-green eyes. Its thorax is brilliant metallic green with a narrow medial oblique stripe on each side. The posterior half of the metepimeron is yellow. Beneath the side is striped black and yellow. The abdomen is black. The first and second segments marked narrowly along the ventral borders with citron-yellow. Segments 7 to 10 are bordered with bright yellow. Segment 10 strongly keeled but without a dorsal spine. Anal appendages are black.<ref name=Fraser/>

[[Frederic Charles Fraser|Fraser]] (1936) states that the species occurs of altitudes of 3,000 ft and more. Nothing else is known about the habitat or ecology of this species.<ref name=Fraser>{{cite book|author=C FC Lt. Fraser|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser|title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata Vol. III|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London|year=1936|pages=[https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata3/page/n233 222]-223|url=https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata3}}</ref><ref name=Fraser-WG>{{cite book|author=C FC Lt. Fraser|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser|title=A Survey of the Odonate (Dragonfly) Fauna of Western India and Descriptions of Thirty New Species|year=1924|pages=458–460|url=http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/026/05/0423-0522.pdf}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of odonates of India]]
* [[List of odonata of Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2406063}}

[[Category:Synthemistidae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Frederic Charles Fraser]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1924]]

{{dragonfly-stub}}

Supreeth Reddy

2026-01-15T19:35:13Z

TiffinyAult552: New Data

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Supreeth
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| height = 193 cm
| othername = Supreeth Reddy
| yearsactive = 2002–present
| spouse = Priyanka
| homepage =
| occupation = Actor
| father =
| mother =
| children = 2
}}

'''Supreeth Reddy''' is an Indian actor who primarily acts in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language films.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} He is known for his roles in films like ''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chatrapathi]]'' and ''[[Maryada Ramanna]]''. He played villain and supporting roles.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/supreet-reddy-god-fearing-villain|title=Supreet Reddy, the God-fearing villain|first=AuthorBhawana|last=Tanmayi|website=Telangana Today|access-date=12 March 2019|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326221721/http://telanganatoday.com/supreet-reddy-god-fearing-villain|url-status=live}}</ref>

He also acted in the Hindi film ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'', a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Vikramarkudu]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rowdy-Rathore-Movie-Review/articleshow/13703837.cms|title=Rowdy Rathore: Movie Review|website=The Times of India|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-date=12 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112010501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rowdy-Rathore-Movie-Review/articleshow/13703837.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He also played one of the baddies in [[Aamir Khan]]'s ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''.<ref>[http://www.sify.com/movies/supreeth-enters-bollywood-as-villain-news-news-mbjktmfjbicsi.html sify.com]{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Career==
He was interested in films from his childhood. He was also a volleyball player in his childhood. He missed the auditions for the film ''[[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]''.<ref name="auto"/> Later he was advised by director [[Teja (film director)|Teja]] to maintain an album. He acted in [[Pawan Kalyan]]'s directorial debut ''[[Johnny (2003 film)|Johnny]]''. For the sports film ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]'', directed by [[S. S. Rajamouli]], he was trained in [[Rugby (sport)|Rugby]].

He was first selected in playing a friend of [[Prabhas]] in ''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chatrapathi]]'', but his role was changed to Katraj, a villain, later. This got him a lot of name and fame, which, after that, he was typecast in many villainous roles in Telugu films. Though he got opportunities as a hero, he did not accept them. Personally, he likes the acting style of [[Mohan Babu]] and [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]].<ref name="sakshi">{{cite news|last1=Nelapudi|first1=Sameera|title=ఆయన లేకపోతే నేను లేను|url=http://telugucinemacharitra.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_04.html|accessdate=5 July 2016|work=Sakshi|agency=Sakshi|publisher=Jagati Publications|archive-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013054207/http://telugucinemacharitra.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_04.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Supreeth is married to Priyanka and they have two sons.<ref name="auto"/>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
===Telugu films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]'' || ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Johnny (2003 film)|Johnny]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004 || ''[[Andhrawala]]'' ||||
|-
| ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]'' || Bhikshu Yadav's henchman ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chhatrapati]]'' || Katraju
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006 || ''[[Ashok (film)|Ashok]]'' || Panda
|
|-
| ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]'' || Malli
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2007 || ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]'' || Ballu
|
|-
| ''[[Sri Mahalakshmi]]'' ||
|
|-
| ''[[Dubai Seenu]]'' ||
|
|-
| ''[[Toss (2007 film)|Toss]]'' ||
|
|-
| ''[[Don (2007 film)|Don]]'' || Bihar rowdy
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2008 || ''[[Victory (2008 film)|Victory]]'' || Pandu
|
|-
| ''[[Ontari (film)|Ontari]]'' || Veeraraju
|
|-
| ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' || Narasimha
|
|-
| ''[[Bujjigadu]]'' || Machi Reddy's son
|
|-
| ''[[Nenu Meeku Telusa?]]'' ||
|
|-
| ''[[Neninthe]]'' || Yaadu
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2009 || ''[[Billa (2009 film)|Billa]]'' || Ranjit
|
|-
| ''[[Sankham]]'' || Simha Gajapati Naidu
|
|-
| ''[[Bumper Offer]]'' || Mallikharjun
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2010 || ''[[Adhurs]]'' || Pandu
|
|-
| ''[[Bindaas (2010 film)|Bindaas]]'' ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ragada]]'' || Bhagawan
|
|-
| ''[[Maryada Ramanna]]'' || Malla Suri
|
|-
| ''[[Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindavanam]]'' ||
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2011 || ''[[Boss (2011 film)|Boss]]'' || Chotta Bhai
|Kannada film
|-
| ''[[Mirapakay]]'' || Linga
|
|-
| ''[[Dongala Mutha]]'' || The Hotel Manager
|
|-
| ''[[Prema Kavali]]'' || Tagore's henchman
|
|-
| ''[[Dookudu]]'' || Ambarpet Ganesh
|
|-
| ''[[Rajanna]]'' || Jagjit
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2012 || ''[[Ishq (2012 film)|Ishq]]'' || Kala
|
|-
| ''[[Nippu]]'' || Raja Goud's henchman
|
|-
| ''[[Srimannarayana]]'' || Pulakesava Reddy
|
|-
| ''[[Rebel (2012 film)|Rebel]]'' || Raju
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2013 || ''[[Mirchi (film)|Mirchi]]'' || Karimulla
|
|-
| ''[[Shadow (2013 film)|Shadow]]'' || Robert
|
|-
| ''[[Pandavulu Pandavulu Thummeda]]'' || Guna ||
|-
| ''[[Greeku Veerudu]]'' ||
|
|-
| ''[[Balupu]]'' || Poorna's henchman
|
|-
| ''[[Chandee]]'' || Minister's accomplice
|
|-
| ''[[Bhai (2013 film)|Bhai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' ||Rakhi Rasul||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''[[Yevadu]]'' ||Bhukka||
|-
| ''[[Bhimavaram Bullodu]]'' || ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Jil (film)|Jil]]'' || Ghora ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2016 || ''[[Express Raja]]'' || Binami British||
|-
| ''[[Eedo Rakam Aado Rakam]]'' || Dattu ||
|-
| ''[[Sarrainodu]]'' || Vairam Dhanush's henchman ||
|-
| ''[[Jaguar (2016 film)|Jaguar]]'' || "Encounter" Shankar ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || ''[[Lanka (2017 film)|Lanka]]'' || Police Officer ||
|-
| ''[[Juliet Lover of Idiot]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2018 || ''[[Gayatri (2018 film)|Gayatri]]'' || Kader ||
|-
| ''[[Achari America Yatra]]'' || Veeraraju ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''[[Voter (film)|Voter]]'' || Prakash ||
|-
| ''[[Saaho]]'' || Alex ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]'' ||Kaali ||
|-
| 2025
|''[[Mazaka]]'' || ||
|-
| 2026
|''[[The RajaSaab]]'' || Thief ||
|}

===Tamil films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role
!Notes
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Veerappu]]'' || Thilla
|
|-
| 2011 || '' [[Siruthai]]'' || Bhadra
|
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Uyire Uyire]]'' ||
|Uncredited role
|-
| 2024 ||''[[Vettaiyan]]'' ||Hanu Reddy
|
|}

===Hindi films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'' || Ghajini's henchman
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' || Titla
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Saaho]]'' || Alex
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3472571}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Byrathi

2026-01-14T17:12:35Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating Initial Page From Scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Byrathi
| native_name = ಬ್ಯರಥಿ
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru Urban district|Bengaluru Urban]]
| postal_code = 560077
}}
'''Byrathi''' is a [[residential]] [[neighbourhood]] in the eastern part of [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Government of Karnataka Official Website – English |url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/english |website=Government of Karnataka |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) – Official Website |url=https://www.bbmp.gov.in/ |website=BBMP |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Krishnarajapuram]]
* [[Mahadevapura]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Bengaluru]]

Vazhuvoor Ramaiah Pillai

2026-01-12T04:18:18Z

TiffinyAult552: New New Post

{{Short description|Bharathanatyam teacher (1910–1991)}}
{{other uses|Vazhuvoor}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = 
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = Bagyathammal Ramaiah Pillai
| birth_date = {{birth-date|1910}}
| birth_place = [[Vazhuvoor, Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = {{death year and age|1991|1910}}
| death_place =
| spouse = Gnanasoundiram
| children = 6, including [[Manikka Vinayagam]]|
| other_names =
| occupation = Bharathanatyam choreographer
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Vazhuvoor Ramaiah Pillai''' (1910–1991) was an Indian [[Bharatanatyam]] dance teacher and [[choreographer]].

== Early life ==
Vazhuvoor Bagyathammal Ramaiah Pillai was born in 1910 to Parthiban and Bagyathammal in [[Vazhuvoor (village)|Vazhuvoor]]. He learned the arts of Nattuvangam and Bharatanatyam from his maternal uncle Maanikka Nattuvanar.

== Career ==
He introduced innovative trials in Bharatanatyam. He advocated traditional ''vazhuvoor bani'' from his ancestors, dating to the days of the [[Chola dynasty]]. He popularized this ''bani'' around the globe, especially through his star disciple Kamala. He implemented Rama Natak Kiruti, [[Tyagaraja|Tyagaraya Swami]] Kiruti, [[Bharathiyar]] songs, Kutralak Kuravanji, [[Arunachala Kavi]] songs, and [[Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi]] songs through his teaching. During the time that the British had banned Bharathiyar's songs, Vazhuvoor made these songs performed by his students in stage plays, thereby encouraging the support of Indian Independence.

== Family ==
He married Gnanasoundiram (late). They had six children: daughter Jayalakshmi (late); son Natya Kala Samrat Vazhuvoor Samraj (late, a renowned dance master); son Manoharan (late); son Vazhuvoor.R.Gurunathan (late, banker/financial advisor); daughter Bagyalashmi (knowledgeable in classical dance); son Manikka Vinayagam (popular movie singer), in order of birth.

== Notable students==
* [[Vyjayanthimala]]
* [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]]-[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]-[[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]]
* [[Kumari Kamala]]
* Kumari Rhadha
* [[Radha Viswanathan]]
* [[E. V. Saroja]]
* [[K. J. Sarasa]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2012-01-12 |title=Nattuvanar of rare calibre |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/nattuvanar-of-rare-calibre/article2795607.ece |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Rajasulochana]]
* Rita
* Hemamalini Arni
* [[Padma Subrahmanyam]]
* [[Kanaka Srinivasan]]
* [[Chitra Visweswaran]]
* [[M. Bhanumathi]]
* [[Amala Shankar]]
* [[Padmini Ramachandran]]
* [[Raghuram Sundaram]]

== Awards==
The following are the awards received by Vazhuvoorar:
* [[Isai Perarignar]], 1961;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tamilisaisangam.in/virudhukal.html |title=List announced by the authentic website of Tamil Isai Sangam |access-date=5 November 2014 |archive-date=12 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212161602/http://www.tamilisaisangam.in/virudhukal.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> given by Tamil Isai Sangam at Chennai
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], 1966<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA Awardees List |access-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#DanceBharatnatyam |archive-date=30 May 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Sangeetha Kalasikhamani]], 1979
* [[Padmasri]]
* [[Kalaimamani]]
* Naatya Kala Kesari

== See also ==
*[[Vazhuvoor|Vazhuvoor style]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
*[http://www.vazhuvoorars.com/about.html Vazhuvoorar School of Classical Dance & Music] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103071739/http://www.vazhuvoorars.com/about.html |date=3 November 2014 }}
*[https://www.vazhuvoorsamrajpalaniappan.com/ Vazhuvoorar Classical Bharathanatya Arts Centre]
*[https://archive.today/20140810025834/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/08/06/stories/2004080602440400.htm Descendant of an illustrious tradition]
*[http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/lions-lineage/article2798492.ece Lion's lineage]
*[http://www.thinakaran.lk/vaaramanjari/2010/01/24/?fn=f1001244 Thinakaran Yaazh Pongal Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323054534/http://www.thinakaran.lk/vaaramanjari/2010/01/24/?fn=f1001244 |date=23 March 2013 }}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100711000211/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/vaali.asp Reference about Poet Vali]}}
*[https://www.vazhuvoorarparampara.com/ Shree Vazhuvoorar Classical Bharathanatya Art's Academy-REGD]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Vazhuvoor B. Ramaiah}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Nattuvanars]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]

Nadira

2026-01-08T00:27:36Z

TiffinyAult552:

'''Nadira''', '''Nadirah''', or '''Nodira''' is a feminine given name of Arabic origin. Notable people with the name include:

==Given name==
* [[Nadira (Indian actress)]] (1932–2006), an Indian actress of the 1950s and 1960s, best known for her roles as a temptress
* [[Nadira (Pakistani actress)]] (1968–1995), Pakistani actress in Punjabi and Urdu films
* [[Nadira Babbar]] (born 1948), Indian actress and producer
* [[Nadira Begum]] (died 2023), Bangladeshi folk singer
* [[Nadira Banu Begum]] (1618–1659), Mughal princess
* [[Nadira Ilana]], Malaysian filmmaker
* [[Nadira Isayeva]] (born 1979), Russian journalist
* [[Nadira Yeasmin Jolly]], Bangladeshi politician
* [[Nadira Majumder]] (born 1953), Bangladeshi writer
* [[Nadirah McKenith]] (born 1991), American basketball player
* [[Nadira Naipaul]] (born 1953), Pakistani journalist
* [[Nadira Ait Oumghar]] (born 1994), Algerian volleyball player
* [[Nadirah Shakoor]], American singer
* [[Nadira Sultan]] (born 1956), Indian politician
* [[Nadirah X]], Jamaican hip-hop artist
* [[Nina Nadira Naharuddin]] (born 1992), Malaysian singer, actress and TV host
* [[Nodira]] (sometimes spelled in Russian as Nadira, 1792–1842), Uzbek writer, wife of [[Muhammad Umar Khan]]
* [[Nodira Akhmedova]] (born 2005), Kazakhstani taekwondo practitioner
* [[Nodira Gulova]] (born 1988), Uzbekistani judoka
* [[Nodira Nadirjanova]] (born 1990), Uzbekistani chess player

==Fictional characters==
* [[Villains in Power Rangers: Time Force#Nadira|One of the villains]] in ''Power Rangers: Time Force''
* Nadira, a character in the 2005 novel ''[[Skybreaker]]'' by Kenneth Oppel
* [[Al-Nadirah]], character of the Hatra legend

==See also==
* [[Nadir (name)]]

{{given name}}

[[Category:Feminine given names]]
[[Category:Arabic-language feminine given names]]

K. K. Nishad

2026-01-08T00:20:37Z

TiffinyAult552: Started new stub more to come

{{short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|{{BLP sources|date=March 2016}}
{{notability|Music|date=March 2016}}}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = K. K. Nishad
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| origin = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = [[Playback Singer]], [[Carnatic music]]
| occupation = [[Playback Singer]]
| years_active = 2001–present
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}

'''K. K. Nishad''' is an Indian [[playback singer]]<ref name=m1>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/songs.php?singers=Nishad&singtype=duet&tag=Search&limit=12 |title=Nishd |publisher=msidb.org }}</ref> from [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. He started his career in 2002 as a playback singer in the [[Malayalam]] movie ''[[Nakshathrakkannulla Rajakumaran Avanundoru Rajakumari]].''<ref name="hindu-Nishads Notes">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/20/stories/2003102001540300.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20160506173537/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/20/stories/2003102001540300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 May 2016 |title=Nishad's Notes |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 October 2003 |accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref>

==Career==

Prior to becoming a musician, he was a Guest Lecturer at the Devagari St. Josephs College, Kozhikode. He is a post-graduate in Mathematics.<ref name="hindu-Nishads Notes" />

Nishad debuted as a playback singer in 2002 with the song "Manassukal Thammil [Puthooram] ..." in Rajasenan's Malayalam film [[Nakshathrakkannulla Rajakumaran Avanundoru Rajakumari]] under music director Benny Kannan.<ref name="hindu-Nishads Notes"/> It was followed by [[Swapnam Kondu Thulabharam]].<ref name="m1" />

== Discography ==

=== As composer ===

{| class = "sortable wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Album !! Lyrics !! Music !! Co-singers
|-
| 2021 || Mahar Thannu Mayakkiyente... || Mahar <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2021/01/05/mahar-music-video-sithara-krishnakumar-and-k-k-nishad.html?fbclid=IwAR3wbPYeFTLl3fs37BhBzZgs3eB69iMo-BXjTZtgTLIt8rvgk2sRUB0PF2E |title=KK Nishd's directorial effort, മഹറുമായി സിത്താരയും നിഷാദും |publisher=manoramaonline.com }}</ref> || Sathianarayanan Payyannur || K. K. Nishad || K. K. Nishad, [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara Krishnakumar]]
|-
| 2022 || Kunju Kanavukal... || Kurumbanz || Sathianarayanan Payyannur || K. K. Nishad || Adithya Nishad, Adithya Harikrishnan, Ayaan Nishad
|-
| 2022 || Malayirangi Varunnunde... || Kaadu|| Sathianarayanan Payyannur || K. K. Nishad || K. K. Nishad, Chithra Arun, Malavika, Henniza
|}

=== As singer ===

{| class = "sortable wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Lyrics !! Music !! Co-singers
|-
|rowspan="1" |2016 ||''Kanavin Kanimala Kayari'' ||Pallikkoodam||Hari Narayanan||Tej Mervin
|-
|rowspan="1" |2015 ||''Govinda ...'' ||Chakravyooham||Rafi Mathira||S Thaman||Ajay Warrier
|-
|rowspan="1"|2013||''Ottaykku Paadunna [M] ...''||Nadan||Madhu Vasudevan||Ouseppachan||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2012||''Aadaadum ...''||Kunjaliyan||BR Prasad||MG Sreekumar||Akhila Anand, Sreenath
|-
|rowspan="1"|2011||''Naattuvazhiyorathe ...''||Gaddaama||Rafeeq Ahamed||Bennett, Veetrag||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2011||''Kaanakombil ...''||Violin||Rafeeq Ahamed||Bijibal||Elizabeth Raju
|-
|rowspan="1"|2011||''Anuraaga Then ...''||Vaadaamalli||Vayalar Sarathchandra Varma||Shyam Balakrishnan||[[Surmukhi Raman]]
|-
|rowspan="1"|2011||''Neeyo puzhapoleyen ...''||Vaadaamalli||Vayalar Sarathchandra Varma||Shyam Balakrishnan||Neetha Subhir
|-
|rowspan="1"|2010||''Oh Vaname ...''||[[Pulliman (2010 film)|Pulliman]]||Kaithapram||[[Sharreth]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2010||''Pranayanilaavinte ...''||Oru Naal Varum||Murukan Kattakkada||MG Sreekumar||Preethi Warrier
|-
|rowspan="1"|2010||''Evideyaanu Nee ...''||Varan||Siju Thuravoor||Mani Sharma||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2009||''Karmanye ...'' ||[[Passenger (2009 film)|Passenger]]||||[[Bijibal]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2009||''Entethaakumpol ...''||Ayyo Paavam||Siju Thuravoor||GV Prakash Kumar||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2009||''Priyathame ...''||Ayyo Paavam||Siju Thuravoor||GV Prakash Kumar||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2009||''Oru Chembakappon ...''||Simhakutty (Gangothri 2003)||Siju Thuravoor||[[M. M. Keeravani]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2008||''Aalolam Kanmani [M] ...''||Raathrimazha||Kaithapram||Ramesh Narayan||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2008||''Paalapoovithalil ...''||Thirakkadha||Rafeeq Ahamed||[[Sharreth]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2006||''Mayangippoyi [M] ...''||Nottam||Kaithapram||[[M. Jayachandran]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2005||''Manchaadikkompilinnoru Maina Paadi ...'' ||Lokanaathan IAS||Kaithapram||[[M. Jayachandran]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2005||''Salaam Salaam ...''||[[Sarkar Dada]]||[[Gireesh Puthenchery]], BR Prasad||[[M. Jayachandran]]||Afsal, Ganga
|-
|rowspan="1"|2005||''Kallu pattu ...''||[[Sarkar Dada]]||[[Gireesh Puthenchery]], BR Prasad||[[M. Jayachandran]]||Alex Kayyalaykkal
|-
|rowspan="1"|2005||''Omane ...''||Boy Friend||RK Damodaran||[[M. Jayachandran]]||[[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|rowspan="1"|2004||''Kandu Kandu [M] ...''||[[Mampazhakkalam]]||[[Gireesh Puthenchery]]||[[M. Jayachandran]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2004||''Pachakkilipadu ...''||Kanninum Kannaadikkum||[[S. Ramesan Nair]]||[[M. Jayachandran]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2003||''Pookkulayenthi ...''||Varum Varunnu Vannu||[[Yusufali Kechery]]||[[Ouseppachan]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2003||''Ormakale ...''||[[Swapnam Kondu Thulabharam]]||[[S. Ramesan Nair]]||[[Ouseppachan]]||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2001||''Kalarikkum ...''||[[Nakshathrakkannulla Rajakumaran Avanundoru Rajakumari]]||[[S. Ramesan Nair]]||Benny Kannan||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2001||''Manassukal Thammil [Puthooram] ...''||[[Nakshathrakkannulla Rajakumaran Avanundoru Rajakumari]]||[[S. Ramesan Nair]]||Benny Kannan||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nishad, K. K.}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]

Sukhbir (writer)

2025-12-31T07:41:17Z

TiffinyAult552: improved article

{{Short description|Indian Writer}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Sukhbir
| image = Sukhbir at Chandigarh in 1976. Photo by Amarjit Chandan.jpg
| caption = Sukhbir at Chandigarh in 1976
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Balbir Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1925|7|9}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2012|02|22|1925|7|9}}
| occupation = Novelist, poet, short story writer, essayist
| nationality = Indian
| genre = Novel, poetry, short story
| notableworks = ''Raat da Chehra (The Face of Night)'' (novel) ''Sarkaan te Kamre (Streets and Rooms)'' (novel) "Ruki Hoi Raat (The Suspended Night)" (short story) ''Nain Naksh (The Features)'' (poetry)
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website =
}}
'''Sukhbir''' (9 July 1925 – 22 February 2012), alias Balbir Singh, was a Punjabi [[novelist]], short-[[Narrative|story]] [[writer]], [[poet]] and [[essayist]]. He wrote and published for fifty years. He wrote seven novels, 11 short story collections, and five poetry collections, and made many [[translations]] of [[world literature]], [[essays]], [[Letter (message)|letters]] and [[book reviews]].

==Personal life==

Sukhbir alias Balbir Singh was born on 9 July 1925 to S. Mansha Singh and Smt. Shiv Kaur in [[Mumbai]], [[India]]. He was the eldest of his siblings, who included three brothers and three sisters. He adopted the [[pen name]] Sukhbir after partition, when he was arrested during the student unrest in Mumbai in 1950. He had already started publishing in literary [[magazines]] and was a known name as a budding writer. While he was in jail in Nasik, one of his editor friends in whose magazine his poems were to be published, changed his name to Sukhbir, to avoid the authorities' attention. Subsequently, Sukhbir chose to retain this as his pen name, as many other writers with the name of Balbir Singh had sprung up by then and were cashing in on his established name.

[[File:Sukhbir with Jasbir.jpg|thumb|right|Sukhbir with Jasbir Kaur]]

His father, S. Mansha Singh, was a civil engineer in [[Indian Railways]]. He was a religious man, but with a rational and liberal attitude. He was the first person to open Sukhbir up to rational interpretation of his own religion, and subsequently, to everything in life. He can safely be called the first influence in Sukhbir's life, which he remained throughout.

Sukhbir's early schooling was in his native village Beerampur in Punjab. His father being in the Railways, the family was always on the move. When he was in the 6th standard, the family shifted to Mumbai. He did his subsequent schooling in Podar High School, Mumbai. He completed his graduation from Khalsa College, Mumbai, after which he moved to [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]] to pursue his master's in Punjabi in 1958, which earned him the rank of university topper and a gold medal. As much as he wanted to, he could not pursue a post-graduate degree in [[psychology]].

He started publishing in the leading Punjabi journal of the time, ''Preet Lari'', edited by [[Gurbaksh Singh Preetlari]]. Simultaneously, he started taking an interest in the activities of [[Communist Party of India]], and had great regard for its founder, [[Puran Chand Joshi]]. This interest did not last long as he soon became disillusioned with the political tactics that led to the severe humiliation and expulsion of Joshi from the party. He reflected hard on the communist ideology and chose to step aside to find his own way, while remaining committed to the Marxist thought and philosophy.

Before taking up writing as a full-time career, Sukhbir was an advertisement-writer and college lecturer to earn his livelihood. By this time, he had married Jasbir Kaur. Soon thereafter, he left his job as a lecturer at Khalsa College, Mumbai to take up writing as a full-time career, which was unusual and a risky proposition at the time considering the fate of writers in the country.

Sukhbir suffered multiple complications after severe cardiac arrest and died on 22 February 2012.<ref name="test4">{{cite web |url=http://apnaorg.com/articles/ob-sukhbir/ |title=Sukhbir 1925–2012 |publisher=Apnaorg.com |date= |accessdate=22 April 2012 |archive-date=28 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428183400/http://apnaorg.com/articles/ob-sukhbir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Influences==

Sukhbir's major literary influences were [[John Steinbeck]], [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Irving Stone]], [[Sigmund Freud]], [[T. S. Eliot]], [[Pablo Neruda]], [[Sardar Jafri]], [[Krishan Chander]], and [[Rajinder Singh Bedi]].

He was greatly influenced by the philosophy of [[Gautama Buddha]] and Portuguese philosopher [[Baruch Spinoza]]. His writings depicted the inner travails of the human mind as a significant aspect of the lives of the characters, and these thinkers dwelt upon the ambiguous nature of mental processes. He also studied the works of Sigmund Freud and [[Carl Jung]] to understand the inner workings of the mind and add psychological dimensions to the characters of his novels and short stories. [[Karl Marx]]'s life and works also had a lasting influence on him, as Sukhbir identified with his empathy and concern for the underprivileged in society.

Sukhbir was an avid reader of biographies of great writers and other personalities because he believed that an understanding and appreciation of their work is not complete unless one has studied the background contexts in which they lived and worked.

==Writing style==

Sukhbir is considered the pioneer of stream-of-consciousness writing in Punjabi. His novel ''Raat da Chehra (The Face of Night)'' published in 1961 is a stream-of-consciousness novel depicting the story spanned over one night. Even in his short stories, he pioneered the stream-of-consciousness genre of writing. A noted example is the story "Ruki Hoyi Raat (The Suspended Night)" in which the narrator in his reminiscences is recalling his long lost childhood friend who has become a rebel and is evading the repressive authorities.<ref name="test5">{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/57842681/Ruki-Hoyi-Raat-by-Sukhbir |title=Ruki Hoyi Raat by Sukhbir |publisher=Scribd.com |date=14 June 2011 |accessdate=22 April 2012 |archive-date=8 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108093926/http://www.scribd.com/doc/57842681/Ruki-Hoyi-Raat-by-Sukhbir |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Sukhbir brought a new sensibility to the Punjabi novel by introducing lyrical beauty in prose and distributing his narrative material into pictorial scenes and adding dimensions to characters through exchange of dialogue. Sukhbir being essentially a poet wanted his prose to vie with poetry for the virtues of precision, harmony and rhythm.

In Sukhbir's writings, progressive, psychological and artistic strands are inter twined. His realistic literary vision got strength from the pragmatic approach of Marxism on the one hand and depths of psychology and intricacies of arts on the other.

Sukhbir had a good appreciation of painting and he occasionally did sketches. A painter's perspective is seen in all his writings. The poems in ''Nain Naksh (The Features)'' are written specifically in techniques of modern painting like Portrait, Nude, Collage, Still Life, Landscape, Self-Portrait, etc. This is a unique experiment in Punjabi literature. Observing the environs and its life from the perspective of a painter, he brought in a new approach in all three genres – poetry, short story and novel.

Sukhbir's self-portrait which is part of the poetry collection ''Nain Naksh'' is reproduced.

<poem>
ਸੁਖਬੀਰ : ਸੇਲ੍ਫ ਪੋਰਟ੍ਰੇਟ

ਸੁਪਨਕਾਰ ਹਾਂ ਭਾਵੇਂ
ਆਮ ਜਿਹੀ ਮਿੱਟੀ ਹਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਖਰਵੀ ਤੇ ਤਗੜੀ
ਚਾਨਣ ਨਾਲ ਜੋ ਗੁੰਨ੍ਹੀ ਗਈ ਏ

ਮਿੱਟੀ ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਸਵਾਦ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ
ਮਿੱਟੀ ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਤੇਲ 'ਚ ਬੱਤੀ ਜਗਦੀ
ਮਿੱਟੀ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਦਰਦ ਦੀਆਂ ਤ੍ਰਾਟਾਂ ਸੁਪਨੇ ਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਹਨ

ਆਮ ਜਿਹਾ ਇਕ ਚਿਹਰਾ
ਕਿੰਨੀਆਂ ਹੀ ਚਿਹਰਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਕਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਲਕੀਰਾਂ
ਨਕਸ਼ ਜੋ ਝਖੜਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਚ ਤਰਾਸ਼ੇ ਗਏ ਹਨ
ਨਕਸ਼ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ
ਭੁੱਖਾਂ ਤ੍ਰੇਹਾ ਤ੍ਰਿਪਤੀਆਂ 'ਚੋ ਲੰਘ ਸੁਪਨਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਤਾਅ ਖਾਧਾ

ਇਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਚਿਹਰਾ ਨਹੀਂ
ਭਾਵੇਂ ਇਸ 'ਤੇ ਮੇਰੀਆਂ ਦੋ ਅੱਖਾਂ ਹਨ
ਤੇ ਉਨਹਾਂ ਅੱਖਾਂ ਵਿਚ
ਮੇਰੀ ਰੁਹ ਦਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਦਾ ਚਾਨਣ ਏ

ਇਕ ਚਿਹਰਾ ਜੋ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਬੰਦੇ ਦਾ ਚਿਹਰਾ ਏ
ਤਾਹੀਂ ਹਰ ਇਕ ਚਿਹਰਾ ਮੈਂਨੁ ਭਾਉਂਦਾ
ਉਸ ਵਿਚ ਮੈਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਚਿਹਰੇ ਦਾ ਹਰਖ ਸੋਗ ਹਾਂ ਤੱਕਦਾ

ਅਜੇ ਤਾਂ ਮੇਰਾ ਚਿਹਰਾ
ਮਿੱਟੀ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਲੰਘ ਰਿਹਾ ਏ ਧੂੜਾਂ ਫੱਕਦਾ
ਜਹਿਰ ਦਾ ਕੋੜਾ ਸਵਾਦ ਪਚਾਉਂਦਾ
ਭਾਵੇਂ ਇਸ ਨੇ ਕਦੇ ਸੀ ਅਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਪੀਤਾ
ਤਾਂਹੀ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਅੱਜ ਤਾਈਂ ਜਿਉਂਦਾ ਏ

ਸੁਪਨੇ ਸਿਰਜਦਾਂ ਹਾਂ ਮੈਂ
ਉਂਜ ਤਾਂ ਆਮ ਜਿਹੀ ਮਿੱਟੀ ਹਾਂ
ਆਦਿ ਕਾਲ ਦੇ ਚਾਨਣ ਨਾਲ ਜੋ ਗੁੰਨ੍ਹੀ ਗਈ ਏ I
</poem>

==Literary career==

Sukhbir's first short story collection ''Dubda-Charda Suraj (Setting and Rising Sun)'' was published in 1957. The next year saw his collection of poems in print – ''Pairhan (The Footprints)''. His first novel ''Kach Da Shehar (The Crystal City)'' was published in 1960. By then, he had already become a renowned name, publishing in leading literary journals like ''Preet Larhi'' and ''Aarsi''. His works in Hindi were also published in magazines like ''Navneet'', ''Kadambari'', ''Parag'', ''Sarika'', and ''[[Dharamyug]]''. He published regularly in the ''[[Times of India]]'' and ''[[Navbharat Times]]''. In the November 1973 issue of ''[[Illustrated Weekly of India]]'', the literary editor [[Nissim Ezekiel]] gave him an entire page for his poems – a rare honour at that time for a poet.

In the early 1960s, he took up the translation of Russian works, funded by the Russian government. His most acclaimed translation is [[Leo Tolstoy]]'s ''[[War and Peace]]'' in Punjabi as ''Jang te Aman''. Other translations include short stories, plays and letters of [[Maxim Gorky]], [[Mikhail Sholokhov]]'s ''[[And Quiet Flows the Don]]'', Askad Mukhtar's ''Sisters'' (Bhaina), and [[Konstantin Paustovsky]]'s ''The Golden Rose'' (Sunehra Gulab).

The Russian government used to honour the translators who translated important Russian works into native languages of India with an award and a short-period travel to Russia. However, the corrupt bureaucracy led to another writer getting the award that year,{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} although Sukhbir's translation of ''War and Peace'' in Punjabi was published that year. The following year the awards were terminated.

One of his unique contributions is the brilliant poetic character-sketches of illustrious personalities of Punjab like First Guru of Sikhs [[Guru Nanak]], [[Gurbaksh Singh Preetlari]], writer [[Nanak Singh]], Mohan Singh, [[Amrita Pritam]], [[Kartar Singh Duggal]], [[Rajinder Singh Bedi]], [[Balraj Sahni]], Pyara Singh Sehrai, and Santokh Singh Dheer, which were published in the leading Punjabi monthly ''Dharti Da Suraj'' in February–April 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Words and Lines |url=http://www.dhartidasuraj.com/366/2010/apr/3.html |access-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122014226/http://www.dhartidasuraj.com/366/2010/apr/3.html |archive-date=22 Jan 2013 |lang=pa |url-status=usurped}}</ref> These were also published in the poetry collection ''Lafz te Leekan (Words and Lines)'' in 1989.

He also wrote memoirs of literary personalities like [[Devinder Satyarthi]].<ref name="test7">{{cite web|author= |url=http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2011/04/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%88-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF/ |title=Tribune Punjabi " News " ਦੇਵਿੰਦਰ ਸਤਿਆਰਥੀ ਮੁੰਬਈ ਵਿੱਚ |publisher=Punjabitribuneonline.com |date= |accessdate=22 April 2012}}</ref>

He did book reviews as well, the latest being the poetry collection Rishta by noted painter Imroz.<ref name="test8">{{cite web|author= |url=http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2010/08/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9B-%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF-%E2%80%98%E0%A8%B0/ |title=Tribune Punjabi " News " ਇਮਰੋਜ਼ ਦਾ ਕਵਿਤਾ-ਸੰਗ੍ਰਹਿ 'ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ' |publisher=Punjabitribuneonline.com |date= |accessdate=22 April 2012}}</ref>

Sukhbir wrote seven novels, 11 short story collections, and seven poetry collections. He published in Punjabi journals including ''Aarsi'' (now defunct), ''Nagmani'' (now defunct), ''Preet Lari'', ''Dharti Da Suraj'', and ''Akhar'', and all the Punjabi newspapers like ''Punjabi Tribune'', ''Navan Zamana'', and ''Desh Sewak''. He started the trend of financial remuneration for his writings and established himself as the first and only full-time freelance writer in Punjabi literature.

Sukhbir believed letters to be a great source of information about a person's beliefs and values over time. He wrote various letters and articles on literary, political and social issues engaging in dialogue with truth, honesty, sympathy and reason. In this way he created a distinct genre in Punjabi literature.

Being a reclusive and self-effacing person, Sukhbir stayed away from the literary cliques who controlled and ran literary circles, academies and universities in Punjab. He believed that awards and recognitions are given for extraneous considerations and not for literary merit or contributions. He decided not to accept any awards, nor attend any conferences and seminars for this reason.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

==Acclaim==

Sukhbir's most acclaimed novel is ''Sarkaan Te Kamre (Streets and Rooms)'', dealing with the metropolitan life of Mumbai, which was published in 1964. It depicts the trials and tribulations of ambitious young people in the dream city of Mumbai. The title of the novel is poignantly evocative, telling the sad plight of dwellers of a metropolis who have no homes to live in, but have streets for the day and shabby rooms for the night. The novel was included in the post-graduate curriculum of Punjabi University, Patiala.

His novel ''Adde-Paune (The Fragmented Ones)'' is a powerful portrayal of fragmented personalities in modern society. It is a bold theme in Punjabi literature to depict a gay hero in the work of fiction.

==Literary works==

===Novels===

* ''Kach da Shehar (The Crystal City)'', 1960
* ''Raat da Chehra (The Face of Night)'', 1961
* ''Paani te Pull (Water and the Bridge)'', 1962
* ''Gardish (The Wandering)'', 1962
* ''Sarkaan te Kamre (Streets and Rooms)'', 1964
* ''Tutti Hoi Kari (The Broken Link)'', 1965
* ''Adde-Paune (The Fragmented Ones)'', 1970

===Story collections===

* ''Dubda Charda Suraj (The Setting and Rising Sun)'', 1957
* ''Miti te Manukh (Earth and the Man)'', 1973
* ''Kaliya-kaariya (The Lonely Ones)'', 1973
* ''Baari Vichla Suraj (Sun in the Window)'', 1975
* ''Pani di Pari (The Water Fairy)'', 1980
* ''Ikai (The Unit)'', 1987
* ''Lori (The Lullaby)'', 1988
* ''Manukh te Jarhaan (Man and the Roots)'', 1988
* ''Sajje-Khabbe (Left and Right)'', 1989
* ''Ruki Hoi Raat (The Suspended Night)'', 2000
* ''Ik Hor Chardiwari (One More Fence)'', 2004
* ''Sukhbir Diyan Chonviyan Kahaniya (Selected Stories of Sukhbir)'', 2014
* ''Raat se Raat tak (Night to Night)'', 2015

===Poetry collections===

* ''Pairhan (The Footprints)'', 1964
* ''Nain Naksh (The Features)'', 1964
* ''Akhaan Waali Raat (A Night with Eyes)'', 1973
* ''Lafz te Leeka (The Words and the Lines)'', 1989
* ''Lahoo Libre Pair (The Blood-Stained Feet)'', 1992
* ''Sirnavan Samunder Da (The Address of the Sea)'', 2012
* ''Ibadatgahan (Places of Worship)'', 2013
* ''Vann-Trinn (Forest and Foliage)'', 2016

===Translations===

* Leo Tolstoy – ''Jung te Aman (War and Peace)''
* Maxim Gorky – ''Gorky Dia Kahaniyan (The Stories of Gorky)'', ''Gorky de Panj Natak (Five Plays of Gorky)'', ''Italy Dia Kahania (The Stories of Italy)'', ''Gorky de Khat (The Letters of Gorky)''
* Mikhail Sholokhov – ''Te Don Vehnda Reha (And Quiet Flows the Don)'', ''Navi Dharti Nave Siyad (Virgin Soil Upturned)'', ''Sholokhov Dia Kahania (The Stories of Sholokhov)''
* Konstantin Paustovsky – ''Sunehra Gulab (The Golden Rose)'',''Samay De Khambh ()''
* Nikolai Ostrovsky – ''Soorme Di Sirajana (How The Steel Was Tempered)''
* Vilis Latsis – ''Mahigir (The Son of the Fisherman)''
* Askad Mukhtar – ''Bhaina (Sisters)''

==Books on Sukhbir==

* ''Sukhbir Da Galap'' by Dr. Harvinder Kaur Chahal. Unistar Books Pvt. Ltd., Chandigarh, 2004, 81-7142-034-6
* ''Sukhbir: Antar-Jhaat'' by Dr. Chander Mohan, Chetna Parkashan, Ludhiana, Punjab, 2005, {{ISBN|81-7883-205-4}}
* ''Sukhbir: Kaav Nuhar'' by Dr. Chander Mohan, Ravi Sahit Prakashan, Amritsar, 2010, {{ISBN|81-7143-516-5}}
* ''Sukhbir: Kalam te Naksh'' by Dr. Chander Mohan, Ravi Sahit Prakashan, Amritsar, 2012
* ''Sukhbir: Simriti Granth'' Edited by Dr. Chander Mohan, Navyug Publishers, New Delhi, 2015

==References==
{{Commons category}}
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukhbir}}
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Sanskrit

2025-12-16T18:23:17Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating New Data

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Padma Sastry || ''Sanskrit-Katha-Satakam (in 2 Vols.)'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2011 || [[Abhiraj Rajendra Mishra]] || ''Kaumarm'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2012 || Om Prakash Thakur || ''Isap-Katha Nikunjam'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2013 || [[H. R. Vishwasa]] || ''Marjalasya Mukham Drishtam'' || Plays || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || NO AWARD || || ||
|-
| 2015 || Janardan Hegde || ''Balakathasaptatih'' || Stories || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || Rishiraj Jani || ''Chamtkarikah Chaladurabhashah'' || Short Story ||
|-
| 2017 || Rajkumar Mishra || ''Dayate Kathamakashe'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2018 || [[Sampadananda Mishra]] || ''Shanaih Shanaih'' || Poetry || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || Sanjay Chaubey || ''Chitva Trinam Trinam'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2020 || Aravind Kumar Tiwari || ''Balagunjanam'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2021 || Asha Agrawal || ''Kathamadhuri'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2022 || Kuldeep Sharma || ''Sachitram Prahelikasatkam'' (''Abhinavsanskritprahelikah'') || Poetry || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Radha Vallabh Tripathi || ''Manavi'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || [[Harshadev Madhav]] || ''Bubhukshitah Kakah'' || Short Stories ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Preeti Pujara || ''Balvisvam'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Sanskrit]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]

Kadarkarai Murugan

2025-12-11T09:30:47Z

TiffinyAult552: Started new data added tags

{{BLP sources|date=December 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian zoologist and researcher (born 1961)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix = Dr.
| name = Kadarkarai Murugan
| image = Dr. Kadarkarai Murugan.jpg
| caption = Dr. Kadarkarai Murugan
| birth_place = Appipatty, [[Theni district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| citizenship = Indian
| occupation = Academician, Researcher, CSIR Emeritus Scientist
| title = Former Vice Chancellor Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, TN, India,
| employer = Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite web |title= Faculty |url=https://b-u.ac.in/faculty-user/357 | website= Bharathiar University|access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref>
| education =
| years_active =
| known_for =
}}

'''Kadarkarai Murugan''' (born 1961) is an Indian zoologist, scientist, and researcher who served as the vice chancellor of the [[Thiruvalluvar University]], Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, for three years from 2016 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title= New V-Cs for two varsities |url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article60516530.ece | website= The Hindu |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref> Currently, he serves as the CSIR Emeritus Scientist, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore (since 2022).<ref>{{cite web |title= Faculty |url=https://b-u.ac.in/faculty-user/357 | website= Bharathiar University|access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= New Emeritus Scientist Schemes recommended for support |url= https://csirhrdg.res.in/SiteContent/ManagedContent/ContentFiles/20220421163559060Emeritus-New-Schemes_for_Website_April2022.pdf | website= Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India|access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref>

== Life and career ==

Murugan was born to parents Enasuran Kadarkarai and Kalichiammal in Appipatty, [[Theni district]], Tamil Nadu, into an agricultural family. He completed his early education in Appipatty, Theni district, earned a BSc from [[Pachaiyappa's College]], and obtained an MSc in zoology from Madras Christian College. He later received an MPhil in endocrinology from the University of Madras and a PhD in insect physiology from the Entomology Research Institute at Loyola College. [[Bharathiar University]] awarded him a DSc for his published research.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title= VC Profile |url= https://www.tvu.edu.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/vc_profile.pdf | website= TVU |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Faculty |url= https://b-u.ac.in/faculty-user/357 | website= Bharthiar University Express |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref> He joined the faculty of Bharathiar University in 1990. Subsequently, he held positions including registrar (in charge),<ref>{{cite web |title=Bharathiar Registrar in-charge changed |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/bharathiar-university-registrar-in-charge-changed/articleshow/68362765.cms | website= Times of India |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref> Additional Director at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) Centre for Life Sciences, and Pro Vice Chancellor of the University of Science and Technology Meghalaya. From 2016 to 2019, he served as Vice Chancellor of Thiruvalluvar University, where initiatives such as the creation of a herbal garden were undertaken. At Bharathiar University, he was associated with the “Bharathi Vannam” ecological restoration programme involving campus reforestation activities.<ref>{{cite web |title= Kokila New V-C of Teachers’ Univ; TU Gets Murugan |url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2016/Feb/09/kokila-new-v-c-of-teachers%E2%80%99-univ-tu-gets-murugan-890077.html | website= New Indian Express |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref>

His research spans chemical ecology, insect physiology, insect–plant interactions, vector biology, nanobiotechnology, biodiversity studies, and pest management. Much of his work has examined natural bioactive compounds such as azadirachtin, a limonoid from the Indian neem tree (Azadirachta indica), and chitosan, a biopolymer derived from crustacean shells, with applications reported in agriculture, aquaculture, and vector control.<ref>{{cite web |title= Dr. Kadarkarai Murugan |url= https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=eBpex5gAAAAJ&hl=en | website= Google Scholar |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref> Murugan has supervised numerous postgraduate and doctoral researchers and has authored several hundred scientific publications. He is listed among the Top 2% Scientists globally as per the Stanford University global ranking<ref>{{cite web |title= BU with 17 faculty members in world’s top 2% scientists in Scopus 2025 database ranks first among T.N. State varsities |url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/bu-with-17-faculty-members-in-worlds-top-2-scientists-in-scopus-2025-database-ranks-first-among-tn-state-varsities/article70089305.ece | website= The Hindu |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref> and ranked 15th in India in Biology and Biochemistry by [[Research.com]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Bharathiar University - Biology And Biochemistry |url= https://research.com/university/biology-and-biochemistry/bharathiar-university| website= Research |access-date= December 10, 2025}}</ref> He has received fellowships and awards from organisations including the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, Japan’s Science and Technology Agency, the Chinese Academy of Sciences–TWAS programme, CSIRO (Australia), JSPS Invitation (Japan), 100 Talent (China) and others. He has collaborated with researchers in India and abroad, including T. N. Ananthakrishnan, Ignacimuthu S.J., W. Selvamurthy, Steve Simpson, David Raubenheimer, Feng Ge, Jiang Shiou Hwang, Megha Parajulee, Akon Higuchi, and Fajun Chen. His work with DRDO on bioinsecticides has been acknowledged in communications by public officials, including Former President of India, His Excellency A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Former Defence Minister, Hon. A. K. Antony.<ref name="auto"/>

He is married to Jayarani and has two children Keerthivani (daughter) and Vasanthakumaran (son).

== Books and book chapters ==

* Murugan, K., Senthilkumar, B., & Palani, S. (2016). Indian herbs for Alzheimer's disease and associated symptoms. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 9783659912672
* Murugan, K., Rajaganesh, R., Vasanthakumaran, M., Shyu, D. J., Hwang, J. S., Dahms, H. U., ... & Panneerselvam, C. (2024). Mosquito Vector Management in Clean, Stagnant, and Sewage Water Ecosystems. In Environmental Nexus Approach (pp. 102-114). CRC Press.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=eBpex5gAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar Profile]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kadarkarai-Murugan-2 Researchgate Profile]
* [https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602185254&source=sd-apx&adobe_mc=MCMID%3D25238427084783135983067237134023706126%7CMCORGID%3D4D6368F454EC41940A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1765312336 Scopus Profile]
* [https://research.com/u/kadarkarai-murugan Research Profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Murugan, K}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian zoologists]]

{{India-scientist-stub}}
{{zoologist-stub}}

Bhaana Sidhu

2025-12-04T09:53:22Z

TiffinyAult552: Added

{{Short description|Indian social activist, actor and vlogger}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhaana Sidhu
| image =
| birth_place = Barnala, Punjab
| death_date =
| occupation = Social activist, actor and [[vlogger]]
| organization =
| website =
}}

'''Kaka Singh Sidhu''' professionally known as '''Bhaana Sidhu''' is an Indian social activist, actor and [[vlogger]].<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Chitleen K. |last2=ThePrint |date=2024-01-30 |title=Who is Bhaana Sidhu, activist & vlogger whose arrest has put Mann-led AAP govt on the back foot |url=https://theprint.in/india/who-is-bhaana-sidhu-activist-vlogger-whose-arrest-has-put-mann-led-aap-govt-on-the-back-foot/1945535/?amp |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=कल जेल से छूटे, अब किसानों संग दिल्ली कूच का ऐलान, कौन हैं अमृतपाल के हमदर्द यूट्यूबर भाना सिंह सिद्धू? |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/chandigarh/who-is-bhaana-singh-sidhu-amritpal-singh-supporter-now-reaching-farmer-protest-delhi/articleshow/107676135.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-15 |title=Fact Check: Video of protests supporting Punjabi YouTuber FALSELY shared as ‘Delhi Chalo’ march |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-farmers-protest-punjabi-youtuber-bhanna-sidhu-delhi-chalo-march-2502594-2024-02-15 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=‘Haven’t attended February 3 protest’: Social media influencer Bhana Sidhu’s sisters say they were falsely booked for attacking police party |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/bhana-sidhus-family-members-lakha-sidhana-booked-police-attack-9152342/lite/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He is known for his contributions as a social activist and also he is known for his roles in films like [[Sufna]] and [[Moosa Jatt]].<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-28 |title=ਭਾਨਾ ਸਿੱਧੂ: ਉਹ ਮਾਮਲੇ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਸਰਕਾਰ 'ਤੇ 'ਬਦਲਾਖੋਰੀ' ਅਤੇ 'ਚੁੱਪ ਕਰਾਉਣ' ਦੇ ਇਲਜ਼ਾਮ ਲੱਗੇ |url=https://www.bbc.com/punjabi/articles/cx7lv2zw600o.amp |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=BBC News ਪੰਜਾਬੀ |language=pa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The trailer of Sidhu Moosewala’s ‘Moosa Jatt’ is all about a desi guy's love for his tractor, land, and his lady |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/the-trailer-of-sidhu-moosewalas-moosa-jatt-is-all-about-a-desi-guys-love-for-his-tractor-land-and-his-lady/articleshow/86258214.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":13" />

== Biography ==
Sidhu was born in village Kot Dhunna, [[Barnala]], Punjab, to Sardar Bikkar Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Mass support for jailed influencer Bhana Sidhu: What it means to Punjab govt, Opp parties |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/mass-support-jailed-influencer-govt-opp-parties-9133895/lite/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He completed his graduation from [[Punjabi University|Punjabi University, Patiala]].<ref name=":14" /> His grandfather, Sardar Kartar Singh, was the chairman of the [[Bharatiya Kisan Union]].<ref name=":13" /> Sidhu was actively involved in the 2021 farmers' protest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farmers Protest: शंभू बॉर्डर पहुंचे भाना सिद्धू और लक्‍खा सिधाना, किसानों के समर्थन में उठाई आवाज; मान सरकार पर बरसे – Farmers Protest Bhana Sidhu and Lakha Sidhana reached Shambhu border raised voice in support of farmers |url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/chandigarh-farmers-protest-bhana-sidhu-and-lakha-sidhana-reached-shambhu-border-raised-voice-in-support-of-farmers-23665554.html |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Sidhu began his career in comedy alongside his brother Amna Sidhu and relative Harinder Sidhu, also known as Producer Dxx and their early work faced significant criticism for its use of explicit language.<ref name=":13" /> Sidhu subsequently transitioned to acting in [[Punjabi cinema]], with notable appearances including the [[Sidhu Moose Wala|Sidhu Moosewala]] starrer [[Moosa Jatt]] and [[Ammy Virk]] Starrer [[Sufna]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moosa Jatt – Official Trailer {{!}} Punjabi Movie News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/punjabi/moosa-jatt-official-trailer/amp_videoshow/86159780.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref> He has featured in various Punjabi music videos such as [[Sidhu Moose Wala|Sidhu Moosewala]]’s Doctor, G Khan's Fakkar, Gallan, Balkar Ankhila’ s Vaardat, Zafar's Thapian.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2RJTVPSOPc&feature=youtu.be |title=DOCTOR (Official Video) Sidhu Moose Wala ft The Kidd {{!}} HunnyPkFilms {{!}} Gold Media {{!}} New Punjabi Songs |date=2020-08-02 |last=Sidhu Moose Wala |access-date=2024-09-17 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTEe5kXhjVM&feature=youtu.be |title=Fakkar – G khan ( Latest punjabi Video Song ) Fresh Media Records |date=2023-03-01 |last=Fresh Media Records |access-date=2024-09-17 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6wb7BNgQ54&feature=youtu.be |title=Vaardat ( Official Video ) Balkar Ankhila & Manjinder Gulshan {{!}} Bhana Sidhu {{!}} Punjabi song 2024 |date=2024-06-01 |last=Balkar Ankhila Music |access-date=2024-09-17 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQMI9YNRDPc&feature=youtu.be |title=THAPIAN : ZAFAR {{!}} Parneet Kaur Sandhu {{!}} BHANA SIDHU {{!}} PREET HUNDAL {{!}} Latest Punjabi Song |date=2023-07-19 |last=RG Records |access-date=2024-09-17 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

Beside his work as an artist, Sidhu is a social activist. He redirected his attention to the problem of immigration agents deceiving young people by demanding large sums of money under the false pretense of facilitating their travel abroad.<ref name=":15" /> His intervention led to several immigration agents returning the illicitly obtained funds to the victims.<ref name=":15" /> He also voiced criticism regarding the government's failures.<ref name=":15" />

== Controversy ==
Sidhu has been involved in at least eight separate cases since 2019, including four cases registered against him within a single week in January 2024.<ref name=":14" /> He was arrested on charges of [[Extortion|extorting]] a [[Ludhiana]]-based immigration agent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-16 |title=ਸੋਸ਼ਲ ਮੀਡੀਆ ਸਟਾਰ ਭਾਨਾ ਸਿੱਧੂ ਗ੍ਰਿਫਤਾਰ |url=https://punjab.news18.com/news/punjab/social-media-star-bhana-sidhu-arrested-gw-425742.html |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=News18 ਪੰਜਾਬ |language=pa}}</ref> Later that same day, Sidhu and his brother were also booked for extortion by the police in [[Mohali]] following a complaint lodged by another immigration agent.<ref>{{Cite news |title=YouTuber Bhana Sidhu held by Mohali police in extortion case |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/youtuber-bhana-sidhu-held-by-mohali-police-in-extortion-case-101706556307509-amp.html |access-date=17 September 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> On January 26, a new extortion case was filed against him in [[Abohar]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=अबोहर में ब्लॉगर भाना सिद्धू पर केस:ब्लैकमेल करने और जान से मारने की धमकी देने का आरोप; दो अन्य भी शामिल |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/punjab/fazilka/abohar/news/punjab-abohar-blogger-bhana-sidhu-case-update-132503990.html |access-date=17 September 2024 |work=Bhaskar}}</ref> On February 3, 2024, a substantial group of demonstrators, including young people and farmers, obstructed the national highway near Jheormajra village in [[Sangrur]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhana Sidhu’s arrest: Protesters block NH in Sangrur, end stir after admn assures probe |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/bhana-sidhu-s-arrest-protesters-block-nh-in-sangrur-end-stir-after-admn-assures-probe-101706986781662-amp.html |access-date=17 September 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The protesters breached police barricades in an attempt to reach the chief minister's residence in Sangrur, demanding the release of Sidhu.<ref name=":0" /> On February 12, 2024, Bhaana Sidhu was granted bail by a court in Mohali, Following the court's decision, Sidhu was released from [[Patiala]] Jail.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-03 |title=After a day of detentions and protests, Bhana Sidhu to be freed on February 10 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/bhana-sidhu-sangrur-protest-ex-punjab-cm-charanjit-singh-channi-detained-punjab-9142348/lite/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhana Sidhu gets bail from a Mohali court; released from Patiala jail |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/bhana-sidhu-gets-bail-from-a-mohali-court-released-from-patiala-jail/articleshow/107636896.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Movie
! scope="col" | Character
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| ''2020''|| ''[[Sufna]]''
|''Nishan Singh''
|''Debut''
|-
| ''2021''|| ''[[Moosa Jatt]]''
|''Swarn Sidhu''
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sidhu, Bhaana}}
[[Category:Indian activists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:YouTube vloggers]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:People from Barnala district]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian YouTubers]]

Sonana Khetlaji

2025-11-20T02:20:41Z

TiffinyAult552:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sonana Khetlaji Temple
| image =
| caption =
| map_type = India Rajasthan#India
| map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| deity = Khetlaji (Lord [[Bhairava|Bhairav]])
| location = [[Sonana]], [[Desuri tehsil]], [[Pali district]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| district = [[Pali District]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates =
| tradition = [[Hinduism]]
| festivals = Chaitra Sudi Prathama fair
| established = Approximately 800 years ago
| website =
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Sonana Khetlaji''' is a [[temple]] of God [[Khetlaji]] located in the village Sonana of [[Desuri]] tehsil of [[Pali district]] in [[India]]n state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-09 |title=800 साल पुराना मंदिर, जहां मिलने वाला प्रसाद नहीं ले जा सकते बाहर, लोग नंगे पैर पहुंचकर करते हैं पूजा |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/sonana-khetlaji-temple-history-mela-timing-interesting-facts-rajasthan-pali-8587566.html |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=सोनाणा खेतलाजी के दरबार में छाया उल्लास, गूंजा जयकारा |url=https://www.patrika.com/pali-news/sonana-khetlaji-temple-in-pali-7441352 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=जयकारों के साथ सोनाणा खेतलाजी के दर्शनार्थ निकला पैदल संघ |url=https://www.patrika.com/videos/pali-news/sonana-khetlaji-s-batch-left-from-takhatgarh-in-pali-district-5577740 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>

Khetlaji is a native folk deity for the people of different caste and creed in the Marwar region. The temple is surrounded by a beautiful Rose garden. The devotees offer their gratitude to the deity for marriage as well as childbirth. After the Aarti, devotees take part in the thanksgiving ceremony. "Churma" is the main Prasad offered to the deity which is distributed among the devotees after offering it to deity. It is believed that the prasad should be consumed within the campus of the temple and cannot be taken outside the temple. Devotees believe that attending the aarti is the biggest blessing.<ref name=AP>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnisanskriti.com/temple/sonana-khetlaji-temple-sonana-desuri-pali-rajasthan-2789|title=Sonana Khetlaji Temple, Sonana, Desuri, Pali, Rajasthan|work=ApniSanskriti - Back to veda|access-date=2018-07-10|language=en-US}}</ref>

Every year on [[Chaitra]] Sudi Prathama (according to [[Vikram Samvat]]), a large fair is organised for two days. Since this fair is organised after [[Holi]] festival, many Holi dancers attend in conventional and fancy dresses. More than one lakh devotees participate. The most devout come barefoot from their native places in order to receive the great blessing. They travel from 15 km to 200 km moving in groups (Sangh) for two to ten days barefoot.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2 और 3 अप्रैल को भरेगा सोनाणा खेतलाजी का मेला, तैयारियां जारी |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/pali/sonana-khetlajis-fair-will-be-held-on-2nd-and-3rd-april-preparations-continue/1134998 |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=Zee Rajasthan |language=hi}}</ref>

There is even a cycle yatri coming from a long distance of 2500 km from Chennai, Coimbatore, Hosur (Tamil Nadu to Rajasthan) covering on cycle for a month (30 days) on the occasion of Mela.<ref name=AP />

== History ==
Shri Sonana Khetlaji temple was found approximately 800 years ago. The temple demonstrates the beautiful art of the ancient Rajput architecture.<ref name=AP />

Folk deity Shri Khetlaji is worshipped as Lord Bhairav who is considered as the fifth incarnation of Lord Shiva. Shree Khetlaji is also known as Shri Bhairav or Shri Kshetrapaal Ji. Sonana Khetlaji temple also has an idol of a snake which is believed to be one of the forms of Shree Ketlaji. This idol is a self - manifested. Shree Khetlaji came to Mandor from Kashi. Later, he visited Sonana. It is believed that Lord Bhairav used to protect the sages who were meditating in the Aravalli hill range. Lord Bhairav made his abode in one of the caves which were located at Sonana Khetlaji. Hence, it became his permanent abode and people started worshipping him at this place.<ref name=AP />

== Festivals and Fairs ==
Source:<ref name=AP />

Every year on Chaitra Sudi Prathama, a fair is held for two days in the honor of Shri Khetlaji. This fair is organized immediately after Holi. Thousands of devotees participate in this fair. The devotees visit the temple on barefoot in order to receive the great blessings.

However, it is the hundreds of horses at the fair that steal the show. Thoroughbred and well-trained 'Marwari' horses perform different skills and even dance to the rhythms of musical instruments much to the amazement of the visitors.

== Access ==
Source:<ref name=AP />

'''By Road''': Bus services are available from other major cities of Rajasthan. Desuri is the nearest bus stand.

'''By Train''': The nearest railway station is [[Rani railway station]].

'''By Air''': The nearby airport is located at Udaipur.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080225090723/http://gvw.in/khetlaji_fair.htm Sonana Khetlaji Fair]
* [http://wikimapia.org/5747870/Shree-Sonana-Khetlaji-Dhaam Location]

{{Pali district}}
{{Hindu temples in Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Villages in Pali district]]

Biyon

2025-09-13T18:11:17Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating Basic Entry More To Come - done

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Indian name|Biyon Genimi|VK}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Biyon
| birth_name = Byon V. K.
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|06|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Actor
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| othername = Biyon
| yearsactive = 1989–present
| spouse = Mintu E. K.
| relatives =
| awards =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calicut]]
| website = {{URL|www.facebook.com/ByonVK}}
}}

'''Byon V. K.''' (born 17 June 1982), professionally credited as '''Biyon''', is an Indian actor who works in [[Malayalam cinema]].

==Early life and family==
Biyon was born in [[Calicut|Kozhikode]] to Sivasankar VK and Beena K. Byon Completed his schooling at Presentation High School and Hill Top Public School. He completed his Pre-Degree course at [[St. Joseph's College, Devagiri]].

Biyon completed his bachelor's degree and masters in commerce at NSS College, [[Calicut]]. He always found time to pursue his passion, acting, even while he was busy with school work. Biyon is also interested in photography. His other hobbies include traveling and trekking to some adventurous places and is very much interested in long drives.

On 20 March 2011, Biyon married Mintu EK.

===Film career===
Biyon made his debut in 1989 in the film ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]]'' directed by Hariharan as a child artist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tinsel-dreams/article4787703.ece|title=Tinsel dreams|last=Anand|first=Shilpa Nair|date=2013-06-06|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-05-04|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Biyon was fortunate enough to start his acting career with one of the most famous film directors in Malayalam, [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] in 1989. He has completed over fifty films.

Biyon has also starred in a few English, [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] films.

==Filmography==

===Malayalam movies===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#d1e4fd;"
! Year !! Title !! Role
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha]]'' || Young Chandu
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Money Order]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1991 || ''[[Bharatham]]'' ||Young Gopinathan
|-
| ''[[Kakka Thollayiram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sandhesam]]'' || S.I Anandan's son
|-
| ''[[Kadavu (film)|''Kadavu'']]'' || Appuni
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1992 || ''Eeazhara Ponnana'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sooryamanasam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Thalastaanam]]'' || Young Unnikrishnan
|-
| ''[[Mahanagaram]]'' ||
|-
| ''Kallanum Polisum'' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1993 || ''[[Sthalathe Pradhana Payyans]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ente Sreekuttikku]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Koushalam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Yaadhavam]]'' ||
|-
| 1994 || ''Rudraksham'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1995 || ''Tom & Jerry'' ||
|-
| ''Vrudhanmare Sookshikkuka'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996 || ''Nandagopalante Kusruthikal'' ||
|-
| ''Mahaatma'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1997 || ''Kudamaattam'' ||
|-
| ''Janathipathyam'' ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Aayiram Meni]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2000 || ''[[Valyettan]]'' || Young Madhavanunni
|-
| ''[[Thenkasipattanam]]'' ||
|-
| 2002 || ''Kayyethum Doorath'' ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Chronic Bachelor]]'' ||Young Sathyaprathapan
|-
| 2005 || ''Thaskara Veeran '' ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2006 || ''Enittum'' ||
|-
| ''[[Pachakkuthira]]'' ||
|-
| ''Jayam'' || Kiran
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007 || ''Flash'' ||
|-
|''Abraham Lincoln'' ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Thirakkatha]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009 || ''[[Red Chillies (film)|Red Chillies]]''|| Ricky
|-
| ''[[Vairam]]'' ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Holidays (2010 film)|Holidays]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011 || ''Mohabhatt'' ||
|-
| ''[[The Metro (film)|The Metro]]'' || Gopan
|-
| ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2012 || ''[[Last Bench]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Banking Hours 10 to 4]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Manthrikan]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Orkut Oru Ormakoot]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2013|| ''Ithu Manthramo Thanthramo Kuthanthramo'' ||
|-
| ''Good Idea'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kunthapura]]'' ||
|-
| ''Mizhi'' ||
|-
| ''[[English: An Autumn in London]] '' ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014 || ''[[@Andheri]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[To Noora with Love]]'' ||
|-
| ''Parankimala'' || Appu
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015 || ''[[1000 – Oru Note Paranja Katha]]'' ||
|-
| ''Oru New Generation Pani'' ||
|-
| ''Uthara Chemeen'' ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Pretham]]'' ||
|-
| 2019 || ''Thenkasikkaattu'' ||
|-
|}

===Other languages===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#d1e4fd;"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Thenkasi Pattanam|Thenkasippattanam]]'' || || [[Tamil film|Tamil]]
|-
| 2003 || ''50 50'' || || [[Kannada]]
|-
| 2011 ||''[[Kunthapura]]'' || || [[Kannada]]
|-
| 2016 || ''Pudhusa Naan Poranthen'' || || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|}

==Other works==
;Short film
*69 - Oru Thala Thirinja Katha
;Serial
*Orma(Asianet)
; Reality show
*[[Dance Kerala Dance]] (Zee Keralam) as mentor

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=6411758|name=Biyon Gemini}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]

Agent Anand Santhosh

2025-09-12T05:36:39Z

TiffinyAult552: Added

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| country = India
| first_aired = {{start date|2022|8|5|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| company = Infinitum Media
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| writer = K.Subbu
| genre = [[Comedy thriller]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Shanmukh Jaswanth]]
*Jhakaas Pruthvi}}
| producer = Vandana Bandaru
| director = Arun Pawae
| music = Ajay Arasada
| editor = Krishna Karthik Vunnava
}}

'''''Agent Anand Santosh''''' is an Indian [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]-language [[comedy thriller]] [[web series]] written by K. Subbu and directed by Arun Pawar.<ref>{{cite web|title='Agent Anand Santosh' Trailer: Shanmukh Jaswanth and Vaishali Raj starrer 'Agent Anand Santosh' Official Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/telugu/agent-anand-santosh-trailer-video-shanmukh-jaswanth-and-vaishali-raj-starrer-agent-anand-santosh-official-trailer-video/videoshow/92997864.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref> Created by Infinitum Media, the series stars [[Shanmukh Jaswanth]], Pruthvi Mukka in the lead roles. The episodes premiered on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Anil Ravipudi unveils the teaser of aha's 'Agent Anand Santosh' starring Shanmukh Jaswanth|url=https://telanganatoday.com/anil-ravipudi-unveils-the-teaser-of-ahas-agent-anand-santosh-starring-shanmukh-jaswanth|website=[[Telangana Today]]|date=12 July 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Don't copy anyone, everyone's journey isn't the same': Shanmukh Kandregula on life after Agent Anand Santosh|url=https://www.m.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2022/jul/29/dont-copy-anyone-everyones-journey-isnt-the-sameshanmukh-jaswanth-kandregula-shares-life-lea-42750.amp|website=[[Indulge Express]]|access-date=12 September 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Episodes ==

1.its meghana sir
2.are entra edhi
3.chala unnai dacham
4.dagudu moota dandakoor
5.pakdo pakdo
6.haridas

== Cast ==
*[[Shanmukh Jaswanth]] as Agent Anand Santosh
*Vaishali Raj as Dhanalakshmi
*Alankrita Shah as Alankrita
*Pruthvi Mukka as Agent Ayomayam
* Chandu JC
* Vishwa as Police (special appearance)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|21265148}}

[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2022 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original programming]]
[[Category:Thriller web series]]
[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]

Isaac Mansoor

2025-06-26T00:42:05Z

TiffinyAult552: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian swimmer (1929–2006)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox swimmer
| name = Isaac Mansoor
| image =
| caption =
| fullname =
| nicknames =
| national_team = {{IND}}
| strokes = Freestyle
| club =
| collegeteam =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1929|5|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], British India
| death_date = July 2006 (aged 77)
| death_place = [[Haifa]], Israel
| height =
| weight =
| show-medals = y
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[swimming (sport)|swimming]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1951 Asian Games|1951 New Delhi]]|[[Swimming at the 1951 Asian Games|4×100 m freestyle relay]]}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[water polo]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1951 Asian Games|1951 New Delhi]]|[[Water polo at the 1951 Asian Games|Team]]}}
}}

'''Isaac Mansoor''' (30 May 1929 – July 2006)<ref name="Olympedia">{{Olympedia|48282}}</ref> was an Indian [[Swimming (sport)|swimmer]]. He competed in men's 100 metre freestyle and the water polo tournaments at the [[1948 Summer Olympics]] and the [[1952 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/isaac-monsoor-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418123757/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/isaac-monsoor-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Isaac Monsoor Olympic Results |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mansoor, Isaac}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Swimmers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian male swimmers]]
[[Category:Indian male freestyle swimmers]]
[[Category:Indian male water polo players]]
[[Category:Olympic swimmers for India]]
[[Category:Olympic water polo players for India]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 1948 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Water polo players at the 1948 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in swimming]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in water polo]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games swimmers for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 1951 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Water polo players at the 1951 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1951 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Israel]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

{{India-swimming-bio-stub}}
{{India-waterpolo-bio-stub}}

Kharba

2025-06-07T13:25:35Z

TiffinyAult552: minor cleanup lead after review also and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kharba
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.42|N|88.07|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Mahabubul Haque
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 29
| population_total = 3,744
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|accessdate=15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|accessdate=16 January 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chanchal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chanchal]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kharba''' is a village in [[Chanchal I]] CD Block in [[Chanchal subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.calcuttaweb.com/maps/maldah.shtml| title = West Bengal, Malda| accessdate = 5 February 2008| work = map| publisher = calcuttaweb.com| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080204211001/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/maps/maldah.shtml| archivedate = 4 February 2008}}</ref> The town is located on the western banks of the [[Mahananda River]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=320| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|25|8|0|N|88|8|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Malda district (including Chanchal subdivision and Old Malda, Habibpur, Bamangola and Gazole CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|23|34|N|87|59|44|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Chanchal | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Chanchal]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|57|46|N|88|13|55|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Aiho| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Aiho]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|56|40|N|88|14|52|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Baksinagar| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Baksinagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|25|12|58|N|88|12|4|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Bandhail| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bandhail]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|25|0|2|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Chhatinamor| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Chhatinamor]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|25|2|46|N|88|9|50|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Jhangra| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jhangra, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|25|0|10|N|88|16|12|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Kachu Pukur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Kachu Pukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|58|59|N|88|14|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Kendua| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Kendua, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|25|12|36|N|88|10|35|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Rangabhita| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Rangabhita]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|58|55|N|88|8|25|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Sahapur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Sahapur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|25|1|15|N|88|8|35|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Malda| numbered11=M| mark-title11=[[Malda, West Bengal]] (M) | shape-color11= #800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|25|4|5|N|88|8|31|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Old Malda| numbered12=M| mark-title12=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color12= #800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|57|55|N|88|15|40|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Bulbulchandi| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bulbulchandi]] (R) |shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|25|1|36|N|88|17|9|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Habibpur| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Habibpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|25|10|50|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hatimari| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Hatimari]] (R) |shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|25|12|33|N|88|23|37|E}} | label-pos16=top|label16= Maheshpur| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Maheshpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|25|7|31|N|88|22|3|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Pakuahat| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Pakuahat]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|54|45|N|88|17|23|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Singhabad| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Singhabad]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|25|7|2|N|87|59|17|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Araidanga| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Araidanga]] (R) |shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|25|19|6|N|87|50|35|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Daulatnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Daulatnagar]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|25|24|30|N|87|51|59|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Harishchandrapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Harishchandrapur]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|25|26|15|N|87|51|27|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Khanta| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Khanta]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|25|12|N|88|4|12|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Kharba| numbered23=R| mark-title23= Kharba (R) |shape-color23=black| label-size23=13|label-color23=black 
|mark-coord24={{coord|25|20|36|N|88|0|54|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Malatipur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Malatipur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|25|19|0|N|87|55|22|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Mashaldaha| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Mashaldaha]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|25|27|30|N|87|52|37|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Pipla Kasimpur| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Pipla Kasimpur]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|25|8|47|N|88|1|2|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Pukhuria| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Pukhuria]] (R) |shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|55|38|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ratua| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Ratua]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|16|33|N|88|0|18|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Samsi| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Samsi, Malda]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|25|13|48|N|88|11|21|E}} | label-pos30=top|label30= Gazole| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Gazole Town]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|25|9|24|N|88|10|0|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31= Pandua | mark-title31= [[Pandua, Malda]] (H)| numbered31=H |shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|25|2|52|N|88|25|13|E}} | label-pos32=top|label32= Jagjivanpur | mark-title32= [[Jagjivanpur]] (H)| numbered32=H |shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|25|17|30|N|88|4|20|E}}|label33=Mahananda|labela33= River| label-color33 = #77A1CB| label-angle33=100| label-pos33=top| label-size33=10| mark-size33=0| mark-title33 =none
|mark-coord34={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|46|30|E}}|label34= Ganges River| label-color34 = #77A1CB| label-angle34=90| label-pos34=top| label-size34=10| mark-size34=0| mark-title34 =none
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|4|0|N|88|14|0|E}}|label35= Tangon River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35=-60| label-pos35=top| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|18|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|label36= Punarbhaba |labela36= River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36=-75| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|25|6|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=70| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|25|21|0|N|87|43|0|E}}|arc-textB= BIHAR| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-100| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.35
|arc-coordC={{coord|24|54|0|N|87|46|0|E}}|arc-textC= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorC=hard grey| arc-angleC=-130| arc-gapC=5.5| arc-radiusC=0.25}}

===Location===
Kharba is located at {{coord|25.42|N|88.07|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Kharba.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kharba]</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|29|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

Kharba is a village panchayat under [[Chanchal I (Community development block)|Chanchal I]] intermediate panchayat in Malda district.:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://offerings.nic.in/directory/adminreps/viewpansum.asp?selstate=19&pno=42&ptype=V | title = Village Panchayats of West Bengal | accessdate = 2 February 2008 | last = | first = | work = Maldah | publisher = National Panchayat Directory, Panchayat Informatics Division, NIC }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjacent map covers two physiographic regions – the ''[[Barind Tract|Barind]]'' in the east and the ''tal'' in the west. The eastern part is comparatively high (up to 40 metres above mean sea level at places) and uneven. The soils of the eastern region are “hard salty clays of a reddish hue and the ground is baked hard as iron.” It lies to the east of the [[Mahananda River]]. The area lying to the west of the Mahananda River, the ''tal'', is a flat low land and “is strewn with innumerable marshes, [[Beel|bils]] and [[oxbow lake]]s.” The ''tal'' area is prone to flooding by local rivers.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The total area is overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> There are two important historical/ archaeological sites in the area – [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] and [[Jagjivanpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 98: Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Interest of the District |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Kharba had a total population of 3,744, of which 1,914 (51%) were males and 1,830 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 435. The total number of literates in Kharb was 2,835 (72.08% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 11 November 2018 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Chanchal subdivisional hospital at [[Chanchal]] (with 100 beds) is a major medical facility. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] in Chanchal I CD Block at Kharba (with 10 beds) and Singla (Nadishik PHC) (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 14 November 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kharba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Villages in Malda district]]

John Cartier

2025-05-18T02:05:47Z

TiffinyAult552:

{{Short description|British colonial governor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
'''John Cartier''' (23 May 1733 – 25 January 1802) was a [[British people|British]] [[Governors of India|colonial governor]] in [[Company rule in India|India]]. He served as [[Governor of Bengal]] from 1769 to 1772.

== Early career ==
Cartier first arrived in India as a writer in the service of the [[British East India Company]].<ref name="buckland">Buckland, 75.</ref> He was expelled from [[Dacca]] in 1756 while serving there as an assistant.<ref name="buckland"/> After fleeing with other fugitives to [[Fulta]], he joined [[Clive of India]] and helped in the retaking of [[Bengal]], for which he was praised by the Court of Directors of the British East India Company.<ref name="buckland"/> Cartier's career accelerated after the [[Battle of Plassey]]. In 1761, Cartier became chief of the Dacca factory.<ref name="banglapedia"/> By 1767, he was Second in the [[Calcutta]] Council.<ref name="buckland"/>

== Governor of Bengal ==
On 26 December 1769 Cartier succeeded [[Harry Verelst (colonial governor)|Harry Verelst]] as Governor of [[Bengal]].<ref name="buckland"/> Cartier was governor at time of the [[Bengal famine of 1770]], during which one-third of the populace died. Cartier was blamed for ignoring warnings about the impending disaster<ref name="banglapedia">Islam, ''"Cartier, John"''.</ref> but was able to use a magazine of grain to feed fifteen thousand people every day for some months.<ref name="bernstein">{{Cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Jeremy |date=11 June 2000 |title=''"Dawning of the Raj: The Life and Trials of Warren Hastings"'' – Chapter One |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bernstein-raj.html |access-date=13 November 2007 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

In response to the crisis, the Court of Directors sent a three-person commission to Bengal to assess the situation. En route, however, the ship carrying the three members foundered at sea.<ref name="malleson">Malleson, pp. 95-96.</ref> The Court of Directors did not send a replacement and recalled Cartier.<ref name="banglapedia"/> [[Warren Hastings]] was selected as his replacement; he took office on 28 April 1772.<ref name="buckland"/>

Cartier became a [[High Sheriff of Kent]] in 1789. Unusually the previous incumbent, James Bond, continued from the year before and Cartier served only for the latter part of the year.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53762 Profile], British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 November 2007.</ref>

Cartier died in [[Bedgebury Cross|Bedgbury]], [[Kent]] on 25 January 1802 and was buried at Goudhurst, Kent. He was eulogized by [[Edmund Burke]] for his government of Bengal.<ref name="buckland"/> His wife Stephana, the daughter of [[Stephen Law (Governor of Bombay)|Stephen Law]], survived him and also died in Bedgbury on 22 August 1825.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ln6gPYTqE8YC&dq=%22john+cartier%22+bengal&pg=PA373 ''The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany'', 1825, p. 373]. Retrieved 15 November 2007.</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|first=C.|last=Buckland|year=1906|title=''Dictionary of Indian Biography''| editor = Charles Edward Buckland| pages= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_InFTmnS4crYC/page/n87 75]| publisher=Swan Sonnenschein & Co.|location=London| url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_InFTmnS4crYC|quote=dictionary biography.}}
*{{cite book|first=George Bruce|last=Malleson|year=1894|title=''Life of Warren Hastings, First Governor-general of India''| pages= 563 pages| publisher=Chapman and Hall|location=London| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifAEAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22john+cartier%22+bengal&pg=PA95}}
* {{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Cartier, John |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Cartier,_John |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
{{Refend}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title=[[Governor of Bengal]]
| years=1769–1772
| before= [[Harry Verelst (colonial governor)|Harry Verelst]]
| after=[[Warren Hastings]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cartier, John}}
[[Category:1733 births]]
[[Category:1802 deaths]]
[[Category:British East India Company civil servants]]
[[Category:British governors of Bengal]]
[[Category:18th-century British writers]]
[[Category:High sheriffs of Kent]]

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam University Institute of Technology

2025-02-03T15:32:29Z

TiffinyAult552: Creating New Entry W/ Infobox - done

{{Short description|College in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University Institute of Technology
|image_name =
|image_size = 150px
|caption =
|motto = प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म (''prajñânam brahmah'') ([[Sanskrit]])
|mottoeng = Consciousness is the Ultimate
|established = 2015
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|city = Govt. Polytechnic campus, Indore Ahemdabad road, Kishanpuri, [[Jhabua]]
|state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|country = [[India]]
|undergrad = 120
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]], 35.667 acres
|former_names = UIT Jhabua
|free_label = Acronyms
|free = UIT-RGPV JHABUA
|affiliations = [[RGPV]]
|website = {{url|http://uitjhabua.herokuapp.com/}}
}}
{{coord|22.759973|74.6050952|display=title}}
'''Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT Jhabua''', popularly known as '''UIT Jhabua''', is a public (government) college in [[Jhabua]]. [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. The institution was established by the [[government of Madhya Pradesh]] with the name UIT Jhabua. It is a constituent institution of Rajiv Gandhi Prodoyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (RGPV),<ref>"RGPV website". https://www.rgpv.ac.in/Inst/InstitutionProfile.aspx</ref> Bhopal, established in 2015.

==History==
To address the growing need for engineering expertise, the [[government]] of Madhya Pradesh created UIT Jhabua in 2015. The institute initially offered only [[Bachelor of Engineering]] (B.E.) and [[Bachelor of Technology]] (B.Tech.) in [[Computer Science]], [[Engineering]] and [[Mechanical Engineering]]. The institute has been renamed after former president Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-02|title=डॉ. कलाम के नाम पर होगा झाबुआ का इंजीनियरिंग कॉलेज|url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/jhabua-jhabua-engineering-college-named-on-dr-kalam-name-439902|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Nai Dunia|language=hi}}</ref> by the government.

==Courses offered==
===Undergraduate courses===
The B.E. and B.Tech degree is four years (eight semesters) long and is offered in the following fields<ref>Directorate of Technical Education M.P.". https://dte.mponline.gov.in/portal/services/onlinecounselling/counshomepage/home.aspx .</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|----
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |Branch
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |Total Seats
! scope="col" width="width:20em;" |Year of commencement
|-
|Computer Science and Engineering
|60
|2015
|-
|Mechanical Engineering
|60
|2015
|----
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jhabua district]]
[[Category:Memorials to A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]

Sakat Dam

2023-04-06T19:20:17Z

TiffinyAult552: New A Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Sakat Dam
| image =
| image_caption =
| name_official = Sakat Dam D02935
| dam_crosses = Dudhana river
| location = Paranda
| dam_type = [[Dam#Earth-fill dams|Earthfill]]
| dam_length = {{convert|2775|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_height = {{convert|19.8|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base =
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_volume = {{convert|0|km3|abbr=on}}
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| construction_began =
| opening = 1994<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Sakat_D02935 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412235933/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Sakat_D02935 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 April 2013 | title=Sakat D02935 | accessdate=1 March 2013 }}</ref>
| cost =
| owner = [[Government of Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|13440|km3|abbr=on}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{convert|4340|km2|abbr=on}}
| res_max_depth =
| plant_operator =
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| location_map = India Maharashtra
| location_map_caption =
| location_map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.3875349|75.5021828|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| website =
| extra =
}}

'''Sakat Dam''', is an [[dam#Earth-fill dams|earthfill]] dam on Dudhana river near [[Paranda]], [[Osmanabad district]] in state of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]].

==Specifications==
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is {{convert|19.8|m|abbr=on}} while the length is {{convert|2775|m|abbr=on}}. The volume content is {{convert|0|km3|abbr=on}} and gross storage capacity is {{convert|14430.00|km3|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf Specifications of large dams in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

==Purpose==
* Irrigation

==See also==
* [[Dams in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of reservoirs and dams in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dams in Osmanabad district]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1994]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Thallumaala (soundtrack)

2023-03-29T10:02:30Z

TiffinyAult552: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Thallumaala]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
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