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Curry tree

2026-05-15T19:47:00Z

TheronShifflett: new.

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{about|the tree whose aromatic leaves are used in Indian cuisine|the European plant sometimes called curry plant|Helichrysum italicum}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2025}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Curry Trees.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{Cite iucn|title=Curry Leaf, ''Murayya koenigii''|article-number=e.T156236806A166564522|author=Plummer, J. |year=2021|access-date=6 March 2021|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T156236806A166564522.en}}</ref>
| genus = Bergera
| species = koenigii
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref>{{GRIN}}</ref>
| synonyms =
*''Camunium koenigii'' {{small|(L.) Kuntze}}
*''Chalcas koenigii'' {{small|(L.) Kurz}}
*''Murraya koenigii'' {{small|(L.) Spreng.}}
*''Bergera siamensis'' {{small|(Craib) F.J.Mou}}
*''Chalcas siamensis'' {{small|(Craib) Tanaka}}
*''Murraya foetidissima'' {{small|Teijsm. & Binn.}}
*''Murraya siamensis'' {{small|Craib}}
*''Nimbo melioides'' {{small|Dennst.}}
| synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}}
}}

'''''Bergera koenigii''''', [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] '''''Murraya koenigii''''', and commonly known as '''curry tree''', '''curry bush''' or '''sweet neem''', is a tree in the citrus family [[Rutaceae]], first described by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1767. It is native to the [[Indian subcontinent]], southern China and [[mainland Southeast Asia]], and it has been introduced to other parts of southeast Asia and to Australia. Its leaves are used in many culinary dishes in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

==Description==
[[File:Curry Tree flower.JPG|thumb|The small flowers are white and fragrant.]]
[[File:Fresh curry Leaf (49697684423).jpg|thumb|A leaflet (a 'curry leaf') close up]]
[[File:CurryLeaf Fruits.jpg|thumb|Ripe and unripe fruits]]
It is a small to medium-sized tropical tree, typically growing 4–6 metres (13–20 ft) tall but capable of reaching up to 8–10 metres (26–33 ft) under favourable conditions, with a trunk up to 40 cm (16 in) in diameter. The aromatic [[leaves]] are [[Pinnation|pinnate]], with 11–21 leaflets, each leaflet {{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|–|2|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} broad. The plant produces small white [[flower]]s which can self-pollinate to produce small shiny-black [[drupe]]s containing a single, large viable seed. The berry pulp is edible, with a sweet flavor.<ref name="parmar" />

==Distribution and habitat==
The tree is native to the following areas:{{R|POWO}}
*Indian subcontinent: Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and West Himalaya
*China: China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan
*Indo-China: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam

It has been introduced to the [[Andaman Islands]], [[Christmas Island]], Fiji, Java, the [[Laccadive Islands]], the [[Maldives]], the [[Nicobar Islands]] and Sumatra.{{R|POWO}} It has also been introduced to [[Queensland]], Australia, where it is classed as an environmental weed.{{R|WILDNET}}

Commercial plantations have been established in India, Australia and [[Costa del Sol]] in Spain.<ref name="Norman2002">{{Cite book|title=Herbs & Spices: The Cook's Reference|last=Norman|first=Jill|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqStAAAACAAJ|publisher=DK Publishing|year=2002|oclc=51005062|isbn=978-0-7894-8939-5|location=New York, New York|pages=212, 213}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
It grows best in well-drained soil that does not dry out, in areas with full sun or partial shade, preferably away from the wind. Growth is more robust when temperatures are at least {{convert|18|C|F|0}}.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://heritagegarden.uic.edu/curry-leaf-tree-murraya-koenigii|title=Curry leaf tree (''Murraya koenigii'')|website=Heritage Garden|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref>

==Etymology and common names==

The word 'curry' is borrowed from the Tamil word kari ('spiced sauce' or 'meat'). The name of the plant in Tamil is also sometimes associated with the perceived blackness of the tree's leaves ('karuveppilai', meaning dark leaves), though the English word ''curry'' stems from its use in spiced dishes.<ref name="oed">{{cite web |title=Curry and curry tree |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=curry+tree |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=16 May 2023 |date=2023}}</ref> The records of the leaves being utilized are found in [[Tamil literature]] dating back to the 1st and 4th centuries CE. Britain had spice trades with the ancient Tamil region. It was introduced to England in the late [[16th century]].{{Citation needed|reason=Where are the records? Are the last two sentences connected, does ancient = 16th c? Britain and England are not the same.|date=October 2023}}.

The species ''Bergera koenigii'' was first published by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in ''Mantissa Plantarum'' vol.2 on page 563 in 1767.<ref name="POWO"/>
It was formerly known as ''Murraya koenigii'' {{au|(L.) Spreng.}}, which was first published in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 2: 315 in 1825.<ref name="Murraya">{{cite web |title=''Murraya koenigii'' (L.) Spreng. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:774433-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=16 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Some sources still recognise it as the accepted name.<ref>{{cite book |last1=George |first1=A.S. |last2=Orchard |first2=A.E. |last3=Hewson |first3=H.J. |title=Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia |date=1993 |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service |location=Canberra |pages=1–606 |edition=50}}</ref>

The former generic name, ''Murraya'', derives from [[Johan Andreas Murray]] (1740–1791), who studied botany under [[Carl Linnaeus]] and became a professor of medicine with an interest in [[medicinal plants]] at the University of [[Göttingen]], Germany.<ref name="miss">{{cite web |date=2019 |title=''Murraya koenigii'' |url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=d441 |access-date=13 August 2019 |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA}}</ref> The specific name, ''koenigii'', derives from the last name of botanist [[Johann Gerhard König]].

The curry tree is also called ''curry leaf tree'' or ''curry bush'', among numerous local names, depending on the country.<ref name="cabi">{{cite web |date=14 July 2018 |title=''Murraya koenigii'' (curry leaf tree) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/35175 |access-date=13 August 2019 |publisher=CABI}}</ref><ref name="parmar" />

==Uses==
===Culinary===
Curry leaves have a "mild, aromatic, slightly bitter" flavor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Culinary Institute of America |author-link=The Culinary Institute of America |title=The Professional Chef |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-470-42 135-2 |edition=9th |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |page=180}}</ref>{{Cookbook|Curry Leaf}}
The fresh leaves are an indispensable part of Indian cuisine and Indian traditional medicines. They are most widely used in southern and west coast [[Indian cuisine|Indian cooking]], usually fried along with vegetable oil, mustard seeds and chopped onions in the first stage of the preparation. They are also used to make [[thoran]], [[vada (food)|vada]], [[Rasam (dish)|rasam]], and [[kadhi]]; additionally, they are often [[Dry roasting|dry-roasted]] (and then ground) in the preparation of various powdered spice blends ([[Masala (spice)|masala]]s), such as South Indian sambar masala, the main seasoning in the ubiquitous vegetable stew [[Sambar (dish)|sambar]]. The curry leaves are also added as flavoring to [[masala dosa]], the South Indian potato-filled [[Dosa (food)|dosas]], made with a mildly probiotic, fermented lentil and rice batter. The fresh leaves are valued as seasoning in the cuisines of South and Southeast Asia.<ref name=parmar/> In [[Cambodia]], curry leaves ({{langx|km|ស្លឹកកន្ទ្រោប}}, {{lang|km-Latn|slœ̆k kontroap}}) are roasted and used as an ingredient for ''[[samlor machu kroeung]]''.<ref name=":1" /> In [[Java]], the leaves are often stewed to flavor ''[[gulai]]''. Though available dried, the aroma and flavor are greatly inferior. In almost all cases, the leaves will be freshly plucked from a garden only a few hours or even minutes before they are used.<ref name="Norman2002" /> The oil can be extracted and used to make scented soaps.<ref name=":1" />

The leaves of ''Murraya koenigii'' are also used as a [[herb]] in [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] and [[Siddha medicine]] in which they are believed to possess anti-disease properties,<ref name=":1" /><ref name="parmar">{{cite web |title=''Murraya koenigii'' (L.) Spreng |url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/parmar/12.html |publisher=From: Parmar, C. and M. K. Kaushal. 1982. Murraya koenigii. pages 45–48. In: Wild Fruits. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India. In: NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University |access-date=14 August 2019 |date=1982}}</ref> but there is no [[evidence-based medicine|high-quality clinical evidence]] for such effects.

The berries are edible, but the seeds may be toxic to humans.

==Propagation==
Seeds [[Recalcitrant seed|must be ripe and fresh]] to plant; dried or shriveled fruits are not viable. The skin must be peeled off, and this is recommended before planting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Peel Skin Of Curry Leaf Seeds to Grow Plants |url=https://curryleafplant.com/blogs/how-to-grow-curry-leaf-plants/how-to-peel-skin-of-curry-leaf-seeds-to-grow-plants |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Curry Leaf Plants |date=27 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref> One can plant the whole fruit, but it is best to remove the pulp before planting in a potting mix that is kept moist but not wet. Stem cuttings can be also used for [[Plant propagation|propagation]].<ref name="miss"/> In the Indian subcontinent, the plant is a fixture in almost every household. It is mainly planted privately, but also cultivated commercially to a small extent. Because the leaves must be fresh upon use, it is often traded through a small neighborhood or city wide network of farmers, who regularly supply fresh leaves to stall vendors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-23 |title=Indian Spices |url=http://www.indianspices.com/html/s062fclf.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723141734/http://www.indianspices.com/html/s062fclf.htm |archive-date=2008-07-23 |access-date=2022-09-23 }}</ref>

==Chemical constituents==
[[File:Girinimbine.png|thumb|Chemical structure of [[girinimbine]].]]
Compounds found in curry tree leaves, stems, bark, and seeds include [[cinnamaldehyde]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sankar Ganesh|first1=Ravishankar Rai|title=In vitro antibiofilm activity of ''Murraya koenigii'' essential oil extracted using supercritical fluid CO2 method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1|journal=Natural Product Research|date=2015|volume=29|issue=24|pages=2295–2298|issn=1478-6427|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1080/14786419.2015.1004673|pmid=25635569|s2cid=220349399 }}</ref> and numerous [[carbazole alkaloids]], including mahanimbine,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/167963|title=Mahanimbine|publisher=PubChem|date=2017}}</ref> [[girinimbine]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Girinimbine|title=Girinimbine|publisher=PubChem|date=2017}}</ref> and mahanine.
Major odor compounds contained in the leaves are the sulfury-smelling 1-phenylethanethiol, the citrusy-smelling [[linalool]], the resinous-smelling [[α-pinene]], [[eucalyptol]], the grassy-smelling [[cis-3-hexenal]], [[methional]], [[myrcene]], [[cis-3-hexen-1-ol]] and [[trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal]].<ref name="Steinhaus2015">{{cite journal |last1=Steinhaus|first1=Martin |title=Characterization of the Major Odor-Active Compounds in the Leaves of the Curry Tree ''Bergera koenigii'' L. by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|date=2015-04-09 |volume=63 |issue=16 |pages=4060–4067 |doi=10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01174 }}</ref>

Nutritionally, the leaves are a rich source of carotenoids, beta-carotene, calcium and iron.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Drisya |first1=C. R. |last2=Swetha |first2=B. G. |last3=Velu |first3=V. |last4=Indrani |first4=D. |last5=Singh |first5=R. P. |title=Effect of dried ''Murraya koenigii'' leaves on nutritional, textural and organoleptic characeteristics of cookies |journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology |date=January 2015 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=500–506 |doi=10.1007/s13197-013-1002-2|s2cid=96236829 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|27em|refs=
<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=''Bergera koenigii'' L. |publisher=Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:771522-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref>

<ref name="WILDNET">{{cite web |url=https://wildnet.science-data.qld.gov.au/taxon-detail?taxon_id=18676 |title=''Bergera koenigii'' |year=2025 |website=Wildnet |publisher=[[Queensland Government]] |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Murraya koenigii}}

{{Herbs & spices}}
{{Culinary wrappings}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q244731|from2=Q39837286}}

[[Category:Murraya]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Indian spices]]
[[Category:Plants with compound leaves]]

Chinna (actor)

2026-05-06T12:01:34Z

TheronShifflett:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chinna
| image =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1965}}
| birth_place = [[Nellore]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<ref name=nettv4utelugu>{{cite web|title=Actor cum director Chinna profile|url=http://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/telugu/dialogs/chinna|website=nettv4u.com|accessdate=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821190541/http://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/telugu/dialogs/chinna|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| death_date = 
| occupation = Actor, Director
| years_active = 1989–present
| parents = Ramchandra reddy, Rajeswaramma
}}
'''Arugunta Jithendra Reddy Chinna''' (born Arugunta Jithendra Reddy) is an Indian actor and director, known for his works predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]], [[Bollywood]] and Television.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.sulekha.com/telugu/aa-intlo/pictures/4.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203063016/http://movies.sulekha.com/telugu/aa-intlo/pictures/4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |title=Aa Intlo Tollywood Movie | Aa Intlo Tollywood Movie Stills |publisher=Movies.sulekha.com |date= |accessdate=10 November 2012 }}</ref>
He made his [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] debut with [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s ''[[Siva (1989 Telugu film)|Siva]]'' in 1989. His debut movie as hero is ''Kalyanamaala'' (1997).

==Early life==
Chinna was born in Vakadu, [[Nellore]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] in 1965.<ref name=nettv4utelugu />

==Awards==
;Vamsi Berkley Awards
*Best Actor - ''[[Allari Pilla]]'' (1992).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugumovietalkies.com/comedian-chinna-profile/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417071746/http://www.telugumovietalkies.com/comedian-chinna-profile/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=17 April 2011 |title=Telugu Comedian Chinna Profile, Telugu Comedian Chinna Biography, Tollywood Comedians. | Telugu Movie Talkies | Upcoming Telugu Movies | Telugu Movie News | Telugu Movie Reviews | Tollywood Cinema News |publisher=Telugu Movie Talkies |date= |accessdate=10 November 2012}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== As actor ===

==== Films ====
{{colbegin}}
* ''Aatma Katha'' (1988)
* ''[[Siva (1989 Telugu film)|Siva]]'' (1989) as Chinna
* ''Bhagavan'' (1989)
* ''[[Jayasimha (1990 film)|Jayasimha]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=JAI SIMHA {{!}} FULL MOVIE {{!}} SUMAN {{!}} BHANUPRIYA {{!}} TELUGU CINEMA CLUB |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HGBbI5DMhI |access-date=13 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> (1990) as Tommy
* ''Yuvabharatham'' (1990)
* ''[[Puttinti Pattu Cheera]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Madhura Nagarilo]]'' (1991)
* ''Mugguru Attala Muddula Alludu'' (1991)
* ''Aatma Bandham'' (1991)
* ''[[Chaitanya (film)|Chaitanya]]'' (1991) as Journalist Sudhakar
*''[[Lathi (1992 film)|Lathi]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Allari Pilla]]'' (1992) as Photographer Nethranandham
* ''Chilara Mogudu Allari Koduku'' (1992)
* ''[[Raat (film)|Raat]]'' (1992) (Hindi-Telugu bilingual film; [[Multiple-language version|simultaneously shot]] in Telugu as ''[[Raat (film)|Raatri]]'')
* ''[[Money (1993 film)|Money]]'' (1993) as Bose
* ''Sabash Ramu'' (1993)
* ''[[Sarasaala Soggadu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarasaala Soggadu (1993) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AOPN |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1993) as Chinna
* ''[[Kishkindha Kanda (film)|Kishkindha Kanda]]'' (1994)
* ''Lucky Chance'' (1994)
* ''[[Money Money (1995 film)|Money Money]]'' (1994) as Bose
* ''[[Rendo Krishnudu]]'' (1995)
* ''Ammaleni Puttillu'' (1995)
* ''[[Aunty (film)|Aunty]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Alluda Majaka]]'' (1995) as Siva
* ''[[Pittala Dora (film)|Pittala Dora]]'' (1996)
* ''Once More'' (1996)
* ''Kurralla Rajyam'' (1997)
* ''Ilallu'' (1997)
* ''Ratha Yatra'' (1997)
* ''Kalyanamaala'' (1997)
* ''[[Antahpuram]]'' (1998)
* ''Life Lo Wife'' (1998)
* ''[[Maa Balaji]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Bachi (film)|Bachi]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Murari (2001 film)|Murari]] ''(2001)
* ''[[Chandu (2001 film)|Chandu]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]'' (2002) as Shesham's friend
* ''[[Anveshana (2002 film)|Anveshana]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Kabaddi Kabaddi (2003 film)|Kabaddi Kabaddi]]'' (2003) as Mad man
* ''[[Ninne Ishtapaddanu]]'' (2003) as Boney's relative
* ''[[Seenu Vasanthi Lakshmi]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Kunkuma (film)|Kunkuma]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Gowtam SSC]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Mee Sreyobhilashi]]'' (2007) as Ramakrishna
* ''[[Okka Magadu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Satyameva Jayate (2009 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]'' (2009)
* ''[[18,20 Love Story]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Aa Intlo]]'' (2009) as Pavan
* ''[[Kalyanam (2009 TV series)|Kalyanam]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Shankara (2016 film)|Shankara]]'' (2016)
*''[[Mrithyunjay]]'' (2026)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mrityunjay-movie-review-an-illogical-and-implausible-crime-thriller-1941896|title=Mrityunjay Movie Review: An Illogical and Implausible Crime Thriller|first=B. V. S.|last=Prakash|date=March 6, 2026|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref>
{{colend}}

==== Television ====

* ''[[Naga Bhairavi]]'' (2020–2021) as Veerabhadram
*''Nuvvu Nenu Prema'' (2023–Present) as Narayana
*''Geetha LLB ''(2024-Present)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Subject bar
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|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chinna}}
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:People from Nellore]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]

Giani Gian Singh

2026-05-06T08:46:20Z

TheronShifflett: Bio

{{Short description|Punjabi scholar and historian (1822–1921)}}
{{Not to be confused with|Gian Singh Nihang}}{{Infobox person
| name =
| image = Photograph of Giani Gian Singh of the Nirmala sect of Sikhism, an eminent author, historian, poet, martial artist, and teacher of his time.jpg
| caption = Photograph of Giani Gian Singh
| birth_date = 15 April 1822
| death_date = 24 September 1921
| known_for = Sikh literati
| notable_works = *Panth Prakash
*Twarikh Guru Khalsa
}}
{{Sikh literature}}
'''Giani Gian Singh''' (15 April 1822 – 24 September 1921) was a 19th-century Sikh historian, literatus, hagiographer, martial artist, theologian, and scholar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |others=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |volume=2 |location=Patiala |pages=82–83 |oclc=29703420}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Sukhdial |title=Historical Analysis of Giani Gian Singh's Writings |publisher=UICS |year=1996 |pages=18–27}}</ref> Gian Singh wrote over a dozen books on history.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Joginder |url= |title=Religious Pluralism in Punjab: A Contemporary Account of Sikh Sants, Babas, Gurus and Satgurus |date=22 August 2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781351986342}}</ref><ref name=":5">Rana, Sarita. “Giani Gian Singh as a Historian of the Sikhs:A Critique of His Literary Creations.” The Journal of English Language and Literature, 2017 (The Achievers Journal, Volume 2, Issue 4, ISSN (ONLINE): 2395-0897 / ISSN (PRINT): 2454-2296 October-December, 2016), pages 89–99. Retrieved on 16 April 2026 via: https://www.academia.edu/91695603/Giani_Gian_Singh_as_a_Historian_of_the_Sikhs_A_Critique_of_his_Literary_Creations</ref> Among his most well-known works are the ''Naveen'' ''Panth Prakash''{{Refn|group=note|The original title of the work was 'Panth Prakash', it is not to be confused with an earlier work with the same name by [[Ratan Singh Bhangu]], in-which it is differentiated from it by the addition of the word 'Naveen' meaning "new" before the title.}} and ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Roopinder |date=6 August 2017 |title=A valuable compendium |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/book-reviews/a-valuable-compendium-446745}}</ref><ref name=":032">{{Cite book |last=Chawla |first=Pratibha |title=The Silent Voices and the Creation of a New Universe: Sikh Gurus on Women and Society |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |year=2024 |isbn=9781837652396 |pages=372–373 |chapter=A Note on Primary Sources}}</ref> He also wrote works dedicated to Amritsar, Lahore, and Bagrian. Gian Singh, who was a disciple of Tara Singh Narotam, was a theologian and preacher of the [[Nirmala (sect)|Nirmala]] sect.<ref name=":032" /> He lived a long-life, spanning [[Centenarian|nearly a century]], being an eyewitness to the decline of the Sikh Empire and subsequent British colonization of the Punjab.<ref name=":5" />

== Early life ==
He was born on 15 April 1822 into a Jat family of the Dullat clan in [[Longowal]] village in present-day Sangrur district, Punjab to parents Bhag Singh and Desan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Sekhon |first=Sant Singh |title=GIĀN SIṄGH, GIĀNĪ (1822-1921) |url=https://eos.learnpunjabi.org/GIAN%20SINGH%20GIANI%20(1822-1921).html |access-date=9 April 2026 |website=Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Online Edition) |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala}}</ref> Gian Singh claimed to be descended from [[Bhai Mani Singh|Bhai Mani Singh's]] brother, Nagahia Singh.<ref name=":4" /> He learnt Gurmukhi at his village from Bhola Singh and learnt Sanskrit from Atma Ram.<ref name=":4" /> The young Gian Singh had a talent for singing and reciting ''[[gurbani]]''.<ref name=":4" />

When he was twelve, Gian Singh moved to Lahore with his maternal uncle Karam Singh, who was serving as a ''[[subedar]]'' in the [[Sikh Khalsa Army|military]] of the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref name=":4" /> When at Lahore, Dhanna Singh Malwai introduced Gian Singh to [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], where he was given the responsibility of reciting the ''[[Sukhmani Sahib]]'' prayer every morning. He received education from Giani Ram Singh at Lahore. Later, Gian Singh moved back to his village and began serving in the revenue office of Patiala State, replacing his uncle Hari Singh for the role who had died in 1841. He also was working as a ''[[granthi]]'' for Patiala. During the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] (1845–46), Patiala was pro-British, and Gian Singh was dispatched to [[Battle of Mudki|Mudki]], where he was responsible for mail distribution. In 1849, Gian Singh received an injury to his leg due to a rebellion occurring that affected Patiala and Jind states, thus he had to quit his job in the civil service.<ref name=":4" />

== Career ==
After this, Gian Singh travelled around India for pilgrimage, especially visiting sites related to Sikhism. Due to the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 rebellion]], Gian Singh returned to the Punjab and became a student of Tara Singh Narotam.<ref name=":4" /> Gian Singh received his training and education from Tara Singh Narotam.<ref name=":3" /> Gian Singh was sponsored by [[Maharaja Narinder Singh]] and assisted [[Pundit Tara Singh|Pundit Tara Singh Narotam]] for his work in writing the ''Sri Guru Tirath Sangreh''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |title=The Sikh View on Happiness : Guru Arjan's Sukhmani. |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc |others=Jaswinder Singh Sandhu |isbn=978-1-350-13988-6 |location=London |pages=213 |oclc=1140790571}}</ref> Gian Singh also assisted Tara Singh Narotam with his ''Guru Girarath Kos'', which was a [[lexicon]] of the Guru Granth Sahib, as Gian Singh travelled to Patiala to take notes of the discourses of blind-scholar Giani Chanda Singh Surama of Amritsar.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
[[File:Lithograph depiction of the Sikh scholar Giani Gian Singh, circa 19th century.jpg|thumb|Lithograph depiction of the Sikh scholar Giani Gian Singh, circa 19th century]]
His independent literary career officially began in 1880 with the publication of the ''[[Naveen Panth Prakash|Panth Prakash]]''.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> His ''Panth Prakash'' was written in [[Braj Bhasha|Braj]] verse and covers the history of the Sikhs.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> His first work would be followed by the ''Twarikh Guru Khalsa'', in five parts, with the first three parts being published in 1892.<ref name=":4" /> It was meant to be a simplification of the ''[[Suraj Prakash|Suraj Parkash]]'' by [[Kavi Santokh Singh]], which had been written in [[Braj Bhasha|Braj]] verse that was difficult to decode.<ref name=":1" /> He also authored a prose, abridged version of the Suraj Prakash known as the ''Suraj Prakash Vartak''.<ref name=":3" /> His work Itihas Ryasit Bagrian covers the Bagrian family and the history of the Malwa region. Some information on contemporary Sikh sects can only be found in the works of Gian Singh. Gian Singh used a variety of sources to author his works, such as oral traditions, rumours, interviewing elders, consulting pre-existing sources and works, obtaining documents and information at [[Varanasi|Benaras]], Patiala, and Kapurthala, and his own personal recollections.<ref name=":5" />

After coming down with an illness, Gian Singh transferred the rights to his unpublished manuscripts and published works to the [[Khalsa Tract Society]] for a 12 rupee per month allowance. Eventually, Gian Singh returned to Patiala after recovering from his sickness. At Patiala again, he received state-patronage and was responsible for solemnizing the wedding of [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Maharaja Bhupinder Singh]] of Patiala on 9 March 1908.<ref name=":4" />
[[File:Photograph of Giani Gian Singh with Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State and the child Pratap Singh of Nabha State, ca.1919–21.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Giani Gian Singh with Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State and the child Pratap Singh of Nabha State, ca.1919–21]]
Gian Singh was a celibate, thus he chose his relative Giani Hamir Singh as his heir, who he was related to via his niece Pradhan Kaur. In 1916, he created a will that established a committee, consisting of Bhai Arjan Singh of Bagrian, Gurnam Singh, Kahn Singh of Nabha, and Gajjan Singh of Ludhiana, to publish his remaining writings. The same year on 15 August 1916, the ruling Patiala monarch, Bhupinder Singh, formulated the Historical Society's constitution with Hamir Singh as secretary for the publication of Gian Singh's works and by other authors, further bestowing a 135,000 rupee grant for their function and allowing their usage of the state's press. But, a feud between the princely-states of Patiala and Nabha had made the work of the group stall. Both Patiala and Nabha wanted Gian Singh to work under their patronage, which brought difficulty upon Gian Singh as two princely-states vied for him. Patiala claimed Gian Singh due to his early presence in the state but Nabha claimed him based upon blood-line, as [[Ripudaman Singh|Maharaja Ripudaman Singh's]] mother was a native of the same home-village of Longowal that Gian Singh was from.<ref name=":4" /> The last work Gian Singh authored between April 1921 – September 1921 was likely his ''Gurdham Sangrah'', which covers historical Sikh temples, shrines, relics, and other sites. He may have been requested by to write this work by Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala and Maharaja Ripudham Singh of Nabha.<ref name=":5" /> One night, Gian Singh was abducted from Patiala and brought to Nabha via a car. Gian Singh died in Nabha on 24 September 1921.<ref name=":4" /> His work Ripudaman Parkash, covering Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha, was published posthumously. It was originally meant to be five volumes but Giani Gian Singh died before finishing the other four volumes.<ref name=":5" />

== Legacy ==
Giani Gian Singh is credited with establishing a tradition of Sikh historiographical writing in prose rather than verse. Furthermore, he initiated writing history in Punjabi, while before him most historical works were authored in English or Persian. His works are useful for understanding the political, social, caste, religious, and cultural dynamics from the 18th to early 20th century. Gian Singh was an advocate for the rights and freedom of Sikh women.<ref name=":5" />

Gian Singh reintroduced novel understandings about the compilation of the primary Sikh scriptural canon, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], by suggesting it was compiled through the collecting of various works by the previous gurus held by various, distant Sikh congregations, a process that took years.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=Gurinder Singh |title=The making of Sikh scripture |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-802987-8 |location=Oxford |pages=24 |oclc=64638592}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

* ''Tawarikh Amritsar'' (Urdu and Punjabi) - account on the history of the holy city of Sikhism, including the construction of the Golden Temple.<ref name=":25">{{Cite book |last=Kang |first=Kanwarjit Singh |title=Punjab Art and Culture |publisher=Atma Ram & Sons |year=1988 |isbn=9788170430964 |pages=56–62 |chapter=13. Art and Architecture of the Golden Temple}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> First editions in both Punjabi and Urdu were published by Bhai Gurdas Singh, with a second edition published by Kendri Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Amritsar in 1977.<ref name=":5" />
* ''Tawarikh Lahore'' (Urdu)<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
* ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa]]'' (Sialkot: Guru Gobind Singh Press, 1892, Punjabi, in five parts)''<ref name=":2" />'', including the following Urdu editions of three of its parts:<ref name=":4" />
** ''Tawarikh Guru Khalsa'' (Urdu)<ref name=":4" />
** ''Shamsher Khalsa'' (Urdu)<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
** ''Raj Khalsa'' (Urdu)<ref name=":162">Singh, Inderjeet. “Revisiting Zorawar Singh Campaign in Tibet During 1841.” ''The Tibet Journal'', vol. 43, no. 1, 2018, pp. 17–33. ''JSTOR'', <nowiki>https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634903</nowiki>. Accessed 8 June 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
* [[Naveen Panth Prakash|''Naveen'' ''Panth Prakash'']] (1880) - covering the history of the Sikhs''<ref name=":2" />''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
* ''Suraj Prakash Vartak'' - abridged version in prose of Santokh Singh's volumnius work in verse<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
* ''Ramayan Bhai Mani Singh Ji Di''<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
* ''Patit Pavan<ref name=":3" />''<ref name=":4" />
* ''Gurdham Sangrah'' (April 1921 – September 1921) - covering historical Sikh temples, shrines, and relics''<ref name=":3" />''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
* ''Bhupendranand'' - covering the wedding ceremonies of Maharaja Bhupendra Singh of Patiala''<ref name=":3" />''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
* ''Itihas Bagarin'' - covering the Bagrian family and Malwa region''<ref name=":3" />''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
* ''Ripudaman Prakash'' - covering Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha, only one volume was published of the planned five volumes due to Gian Singh's death''<ref name=":3" />''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

== See also ==

* [[Ratan Singh Bhangu]]
* [[Pundit Tara Singh|Pundit Tara Singh Narotam]]
* [[Kavi Santokh Singh]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:19th-century historians]]
[[Category:Sikh writers]]

[[Category:Sikh literature]]

[[Category:Hagiographers]]

[[Category:1822 births]]

[[Category:1921 deaths]]

Haroa Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T06:47:56Z

TheronShifflett: adding some entry added tags - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Haroa
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Haroa.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Haroa Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = Mufti Muhammad Abdul Matin
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]]
| constituency_no = 121
| established = 1951
| electors = 186,578
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Haroa Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], 121 Haroa Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Falti Beleghata, Dadpur, Kiritipur I, Kiritipur II, Shashan [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Barasat II]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], Champatala, Deganga I, Deganga II, Hadipur Jhikra II gram panchayats of [[Deganga]] community development block, and 3. Gopalpur I, Gopalpur II, Haroa and Khasbalanda gram panchayats of [[Haroa (community development block)|Haroa]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 15 October 2010 |work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Haroa Assembly constituency is part of 18. [[Basirhat Lok Sabha constituency|Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<ref name="vidhansabha1952">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |access-date=8 September 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref>
|Jyotish Chandra Roy Sardar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|Hemanta Kumar Ghoshal
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Jehangir Kabir]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="vidhansabha1967">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |access-date=8 September 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref>
|Gangadhar Pramanick
|{{Full party name with color|Bangla Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<ref name="vidhansabha1969">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf |access-date=8 September 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref>||Brajendra Nath Sarkar
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Gangadhar Pramanick
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|rowspan=6|Kshiti Ranjan Mondal
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<ref name="vidhansabha2006">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |access-date=8 September 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref>
|Ashim Kumar Das
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<ref name="vidhansabha2011">{{cite web |title=General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf |access-date=8 September 2014 |work=Constituency-wise Data |publisher=Election Commission}}</ref>
|Julfiquer Ali Molla
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|rowspan=2|[[Haji Nurul Islam]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|2024 By-election || [[Sheikh Rabiul Islam]]
|-
| [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Mufti Muhammad Abdul Matin
|}

== Election results ==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Haroa}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mufti Muhammad Abdul Matin
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
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{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bhaskar Mondal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
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|change =
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{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Piyarul Islam
|party = Indian Secular Front
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
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{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Md. Rabiul Mollah
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
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{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sk. MD Sahid
|party = Janata Unnayan Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
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{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
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{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
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{{Election box hold with party link|
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|swing =
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{{Election box end}}

===2024 by-election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[2024 elections in India#West_Bengal|2024 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Haroa<ref name="West Bengal bypolls: Trinamool Congress sweeps bypolls in six Assembly seats">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=West Bengal bypolls: Trinamool Congress sweeps bypolls in six Assembly seats |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-bypolls-trinamool-congress-dominates-retains-4-seats-wrests-one-from-bjp/article68901894.ece |access-date=23 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123144039/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-bypolls-trinamool-congress-dominates-retains-4-seats-wrests-one-from-bjp/article68901894.ece |archive-date=23 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Haroa Assembly constituency 2024 By Poll Result">{{cite news |title=Haroa Assembly constituency 2024 By Poll Result |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S25121.htm |accessdate=25 July 2025 |work= |publisher=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]] |date=24 November 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725145317/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S25121.htm|archivedate=25 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sheikh Rabiul Islam
|votes = 1,57,072
|percentage = 76.63
|change = {{increase}}19.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian Secular Front|candidate=Piyarul Islam|votes=41,184|percentage=20.53|change={{increase}}1.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Bimal Das|votes=13,570|percentage=6.62|change={{decrease}}9.31}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Habib Reza Chowdhury|party=Indian National Congress|votes=3,765|percentage=1.84|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes=1,027|percentage=0.5|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=115,188|percentage=55%|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=201,118|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Haroa}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Haji Nurul Islam]]
|votes = 130,398
|percentage = 57.34
|change = +1.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian Secular Front
|candidate = Kutubuddin Fathe
|votes = 49,420
|percentage = 21.73
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajendra Saha
|votes = 38,506
|percentage = 16.93
|change = +11.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,930
|percentage = 1.29
|change = -0.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mohammad Kutubuddin
|votes = 2,484
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = USP
|candidate = Akher Ali Molla
|votes = 2,401
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = JDP
|candidate = Abul Kalam
|votes = 1,256
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,27,395
|percentage = 87.73
|change = +0.95
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Haroa constituency}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Haji Nurul Islam]]
|votes = 113,001
|percentage = 56.33
|change = +10.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Imtiaz Hossain
|votes = 70,594
|percentage = 35.19
|change = -9.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Manmatha Bachar
|votes = 11,078
|percentage = 5.52
|change = +1.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Md. Nazrul Islam
|votes = 3,208
|percentage = 1.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,741
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 200,622
|percentage = 86.78
|change = +3.09
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Haroa constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=121| title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011| work = Haroa| publisher = Empowering India| access-date = 24 April 2011| archive-date = 13 May 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513170044/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=121| url-status = usurped}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Julfiquer Ali Molla
|votes = 76,627
|percentage = 45.70
|change = +5.84#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Imtiaz Hossain
|votes = 75,503
|percentage = 45.03
|change = -10.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Subodh Kumar Chakraborty
|votes = 7,409
|percentage = 4.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = PDCI
|candidate = Wallur Rahman
|votes = 3,910
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Golam Faruque Mollah
|votes = 2,401
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dilip Bairagi
|votes = 1,828
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 167,678
|percentage = 89.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = 16.64#
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977–2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> Asim Kumar Das of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the 97 Haroa (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Mrityunjoy Mondal of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Kshiti Ranjan Mondal of CPI(M) defeated Lakshmikanta Mondal of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> and 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> Kumud Ranjan Roy of Congress in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Lakshmikanta Mondal of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> Gangadhar Pramanick of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> and Brajendra Nath Sarkar of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp97.htm |title =97 – Haroa (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 October 2010}}</ref>

===1951–1972===
Gangadhar Pramanick of Congress won in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> and 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> Brajendra Nath Sarkar of [[Bangla Congress]] won in 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> Gangadhar Pramanick representing Bangla Congress won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> Jehangir Kabir of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> and [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Jyotish Chandra Roy Sardar of Congress and Hemanta Kumar Ghoshal of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the Haroa Sandeshkhali joint seat.<ref name=vidhansabha1952/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Vaithisvarankoil railway station

2026-05-04T00:12:34Z

TheronShifflett: started a data

{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}

{{Infobox station
| name = Vaithisvarankoil
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = SH 150, [[Vaitheeswarankoil]], [[Mayiladuthurai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.195671|79.703944|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|7|m}}
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| lines = [[Chennai Egmore–Thanjavur main line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 2
| other = [[Auto rickshaw|Auto rickshaw stand]]
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| parking = Available
| accessible = Yes
| status = Functioning
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = CLN
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Tiruchirappalli}}
}}
| zone = [[Indian Railways]]
| opened = {{Start date|1877|07|01|df=y}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 28 January 2020
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu#India
| map_dot_label = [[Vaitheeswarankoil]]
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]##Location in India
}}
'''Vaithisvarankoil railway station''' (station code: VDL), also spelled as '''Vaitheeswarankoil''', is a NSG–6 category railway station serving [[Vaitheeswarankoil]], a [[panchayat town]] in [[Mayiladuthurai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. The station is part of the [[Southern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]] and is administered by the [[Tiruchirappalli railway division]]. The station lies on the [[Chennai Egmore–Thanjavur main line]].

== Location and layout ==
The railway station is located on the [[List of state highways in Tamil Nadu#SH 101 to SH 150:~:text=till Puducherry border-,SH150,-OSM|State Highway 150]], which connects Vaitheeswarankoil to [[Lower Anaicut]], and is about {{Convert|1.1|km|mi|abbr=unit}} for the Vaitheeswarankoil bus stop. The nearest airport is situated {{Convert|124|km|mi|abbr=unit}} away at [[Tiruchirappalli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TIRUCHCHIRAPPALLI DIVISION LIST OF STATIONS AS ON 01.04.2023 |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913395482-TPJ%20DIVISION%20-%20LIST%20OF%20STATIONS%20-2023.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214011556/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913395482-TPJ%20DIVISION%20-%20LIST%20OF%20STATIONS%20-2023.pdf |archive-date=2024-02-14 |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=sr.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com.qa/books/edition/Illustrated_Guide_to_the_South_Indian_Ra/rd9zf-PsrNUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=mayavaram+junction&pg=PA184&printsec=frontcover |title=Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway: Including the Tanjore Board, Pondicherry, Travancore State and Peralam-Karaikkal Railways |date=1900 |publisher=South Indian Railway Company Limited |pages=165 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Co |first=South Indian Railway |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=irg2AAAAMAAJ&pg=GBS.PA208&hl=en_GB |title=Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway: Including the Mayavaram-Mutupet, and Peralam-Karaikkal Railways ... |date=1900 |publisher=Higginbotham |pages=209 }}</ref>

== Lines ==
The station was opened on 1 July 1877 as part of the {{Convert|19.71|km|mi|abbr=unit}} [[Mayiladuthurai Junction railway station|Mayiladuthurai]] – [[Sirkazhi railway station|Sirkazhi]] section on the [[Chennai Egmore–Thanjavur main line]]. It is situated between Mayiladuthurai and Sirkazhi railway stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Railway History Time line |url=https://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708091500/https://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |archive-date=2011-07-08 |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=irse.bravehost.com}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

The station has direct daily services to destinations including [[Viluppuram|Villupuram]], Chidambaram, [[Mayiladuthurai Junction railway station|Mayiladuthurai]] and [[Thanjavur Junction railway station|Thanjavur]] railway stations.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Electrification work over in Cuddalore -Tiruvarur stretch |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/electrification-work-over-in-cuddalore-mayiladuthirai-tiruvarur-stretch/article30670410.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128012247/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/electrification-work-over-in-cuddalore-mayiladuthirai-tiruvarur-stretch/article30670410.ece |archive-date=2020-01-28 |access-date=2026-04-02 |work=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boss |first=Bhaskar |title=Vaithisvaran Koil Railway Station Map/Atlas SR/Southern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/vaithisvaran-koil-vdl/6874 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260320085855/https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/vaithisvaran-koil-vdl/6874 |archive-date=2026-03-20 |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Location Survey completed for doubling of Villupuram-Thanjavur mainline railway track |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/final-location-survey-completed-for-doubling-of-villupuram-thanjavur-mainline-railway-track/article67594744.ece |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== Place of interest ==
The [[Vaitheeswaran Koil]], a Hindu temple dedicated to Vaidyanathar ([[Shiva]]), is located approximately {{Convert|1|km|mi|abbr=unit}} from the railway station. The deity Vaitheeswaran is revered as the “God of healing.”<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== See also ==

* [[Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu|Navagraha temple]]
* [[Mayuranathaswami Temple, Mayiladuthurai|Mayuranathaswami temple]]
* [[Poombuhar|Poompuhar]]

== References ==
<references />

{{Railway stations in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Trichy railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1877]]

{{TamilNadu-railstation-stub}}

Bhom Beedasariya

2026-05-03T19:17:55Z

TheronShifflett: data!

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhom Beedasariya
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.8598|N|73.8399|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly Constituency]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Dungargarh Assembly constituency|Dungargarh]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 4.08
| population_total = 545
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=26 October 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}
'''Bhom Beedasariya''' is a village, located in [[Jasrasar]] tehsil of [[Bikaner district]].

Bhom Beedasariya village is located nearby [[Beedasariya]], These villages are co-linked with each other. Inhabitants of this village are dependent on [[agriculture]], which contains both irrigated and non-irrigated farming.

==Demographics==
As per Census-2011, conducted by Government of India, Total population of this village is 545, out of which, 279 are males, and 266 are females. Literacy rate of this village is 33.94%<ref>{{cite web |title=Census of Bhom Beedasariya Village(2011) |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69592-bhom-beedasariya-rajasthan.html|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>

Population of the village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Bhom Beedasariya Village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}|caption=Distribution of religions in Bhom Beedasariya Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]] is the major language spoken here, while [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] are the language of the educated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=99|value2=0.95|value3=0.05|color1=yellow|color2=blue|color3=red|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English language|English]]}}

==Transport==
Bhom Beedasariya village is co-linked with [[Beedasariya]]; these villages are connected to each other, and people of Bhom Beedasariya travel through the same routes that go through Beedasariya.
So, the road transportation facility in this village can be considered in good condition. However, railway transportation facilities are not available. Inhabitants need to travel to either [[Bikaner railway station|Bikaner]] (60 km) or [[Shri Dungargarh railway station|Shri Dungargarh]] (40 km).<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview Of Bikaner Division |url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1436959747628-An%20Overview%20of%20Bikaner%20Division%20update%20on%20June%202015.pdf |website=nwr.indianrailways.gov.in |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

D. R. Kaprekar

2026-05-01T13:38:17Z

TheronShifflett: Stub

{{Short description|Indian recreational mathematician (1905–1986)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_name = D.R. Kaprekar
| image = D. R. Kaprekar.gif
| alt = D. R. Kaprekar
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1905|01|17}}
| birth_place = [[Dahanu]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1986|7|4|1905|1|17}}
| death_place = [[Nasik]], Maharashtra, India
| known_for = Contributions to [[recreational mathematics]]
| occupation = School teacher
}}

'''Dattatreya Ramchandra Kaprekar''' ({{langx|mr|दत्तात्रेय रामचंद्र कापरेकर}}; 17 January 1905{{snd}}4 July 1986) was an Indian [[recreational mathematician]] who  described several [[Template:Classes of natural numbers|classes of natural numbers]] including the [[Kaprekar number|Kaprekar]], [[harshad number|Harshad]] and [[self number|self]] numbers and discovered [[Kaprekar's constant]], named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-17 |title=क्‍या आप जानते हैं जादुई नंबर 6174 की पहेली? इस भारतीय गणितज्ञ ने की खोज |url=https://www.aajtak.in/education/knowledge/story/indian-mathematician-dattatreya-ramchandra-kaprekar-who-invented-magical-6174-number-1616954-2023-01-17 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> Despite having no formal postgraduate training and working as a schoolteacher, he published extensively and became well known in recreational mathematics circles.<ref name="mactutor">{{MacTutor|id=Kaprekar}}</ref>

== Education and work ==

Kaprekar received his secondary school education in [[Thane]] and studied at [[Pune University|Fergusson College]] in [[Pune]]. In 1927, he won the Wrangler R. P. Paranjpye Mathematical Prize for an original piece of work in mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar |author=Dilip M. Salwi |url=http://www.4to40.com/legends/index.asp?id=142 |date=24 January 2005 |accessdate=30 November 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116164833/http://www.4to40.com/legends/index.asp?id=142 |archivedate=16 November 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref>

He attended the [[University of Mumbai]], receiving his bachelor's degree in 1929. He was a schoolteacher at the government junior school in Devlali, [[Maharashtra]], India for his entire career (1930-1962). Cycling from place to place, he also tutored private students with unconventional methods, cheerfully sitting by a river and "thinking of theorems". He published extensively, writing about such topics as [[recurring decimal]]s, [[magic squares]], and integers with special properties.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

==Discoveries==
Working largely alone, Kaprekar discovered a number of results in number theory and described various properties of numbers.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athmaraman|first1=R.|title=The Wonder World of Kaprekar Numbers|date=2004|publisher=The Association of Mathematics Teachers of India|location=Chennai (India)}}</ref> In addition to the [[Kaprekar's constant]] and the [[Kaprekar number]]s which were named after him, he also described [[self number]]s or ''Devlali numbers'', the [[harshad number]]s and [[Demlo number]]s. He also constructed certain types of magic squares related to the Copernicus magic square.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kaprekar, D. R. |year=1974 |title=The Copernicus Magic Square |journal=Indian Journal of History of Science |volume=9 |issue=1}}</ref> Initially his ideas were not taken seriously by Indian mathematicians, and his results were published largely in low-level mathematics journals or privately published, but international fame arrived when [[Martin Gardner]] wrote about Kaprekar in his March 1975 column of ''Mathematical Games'' for ''[[Scientific American]]''. A description of [[Kaprekar's constant]], without mention of Kaprekar, appears in the children's book ''The I Hate Mathematics Book'', by [[Marilyn Burns (mathematics educator)|Marilyn Burns]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burns |first1=Marilyn |title=The I Hate Mathematics Book |date=1975 |publisher=Little Brown and Company |location=Boston |isbn=0-316-11741-2 |page=85}}</ref> published in 1975. Today his name is well-known and many other mathematicians have pursued the study of the properties he discovered.<ref name=mactutor/>

===Kaprekar's Constant===
{{main|Kaprekar's routine}}

In 1955, Kaprekar discovered an interesting property of the number 6174, which was subsequently named the Kaprekar constant.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kaprekar |first=D.R. |year=1955 |title="An interesting property of the number 6174" |journal=[[Scripta Mathematica]] |volume=21 |pages=304 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref> He showed that 6174 is reached in the end as one repeatedly subtracts the highest and lowest numbers that can be constructed from a set of four digits that are not all identical. Thus, starting with 1234, we have:
:4321 − 1234 = 3087, then
:8730 − 0378 = 8352, and
:8532 − 2358 = 6174.
Repeating from this point onward leaves the same number (7641 − 1467 = 6174). In general, when the operation converges it does so in at most seven iterations.

A similar constant for 3 digits is [[495 (number)|495]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Math Point: The mysterious 6174 revisited |url=https://mathpoint.blogspot.com/2006/12/mysterious-6174-revisited.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |language=en}}</ref> However, in base 10 a single such constant only exists for numbers of 3 or 4 digits; for other digit lengths or bases other than 10, the [[Kaprekar's routine]] algorithm described above may in general terminate in multiple different constants or repeated cycles, depending on the starting value.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-03-01 |title=Mysterious number 6174 {{!}} plus.maths.org |url=https://plus.maths.org/content/mysterious-number-6174 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=plus.maths.org |language=en}}</ref>
For example, for 2-digit numbers, the numbers eventually enter a loop, for example:
:31 - 13 = 18
:81 - 18 = 63
:63 - 36 = 27
:72 - 27 = 45
:54 - 45 = 9
:90 - 9 = 81
:81 - 18 = 63
The loop in question is 63, 27, 45, 9, 81, and back to 63.

However, if in the above example 9 is not treated as a 2-digit number (09), all 2-digit numbers will end at 9. All differences between 2-digit number digital swaps are multiples of 9, and thus will immediately enter the loop above at some stage. (Notably, both 495 and 6,174 are multiples of 9.)

===Kaprekar number===
{{main|Kaprekar number}}

Another class of numbers Kaprekar described are Kaprekar numbers.<ref>{{MathWorld|urlname=KaprekarNumber|title=Kaprekar Number}}</ref> A Kaprekar number is a positive integer with the property that if it is squared, then its representation can be partitioned into two positive integer parts whose sum is equal to the original number (e.g. 45, since 452=2025, and 20+25=45, also 9, 55, 99 etc.) However, note the restriction that the two numbers are positive; for example, 100 is not a Kaprekar number even though 1002=10000, and 100+00 = 100. This operation, of taking the rightmost digits of a square, and adding it to the integer formed by the leftmost digits, is known as the Kaprekar operation.

Some examples of Kaprekar numbers in base 10, besides the numbers 9, 99, 999, ..., are {{OEIS|id=A006886}}:
{| class="wikitable"
! Number !! Square !! Decomposition
|-
| 703 || 703² = 494209 || 494+209 = 703
|-
| 2728 || 2728² = 7441984 || 744+1984 = 2728
|}

===Devlali or self number===
{{main|Self number}}

In 1963, Kaprekar defined the property which has come to be known as self numbers,<ref name=devlali>Kaprekar, D. R. The Mathematics of New Self-Numbers Devalali (1963)nn: 19–20</ref> as the integers that cannot be generated by taking some other number and adding its own digits to it. For example, 21 is not a self number, since it can be generated from 15: 15 + 1 + 5 = 21. But 20 is a self number, since it cannot be generated from any other integer. He also gave a test for verifying this property in any number. These are sometimes referred to as Devlali numbers (after the town where he lived); though this appears to have been his preferred designation,<ref name=devlali/> the term "self number" is more widespread. Sometimes these are also designated ''Colombian number''s after a later designation.

===Harshad number===
{{main|Harshad number}}

Kaprekar also described the [[harshad number]]s which he named harshad, meaning "giving joy" ([[Sanskrit]] ''harsha'', joy ''+da'' taddhita pratyaya, [[causative]]); these are defined by the property that they are divisible by the sum of their digits. Thus 12, which is divisible by 1 + 2 = 3, is a harshad number. These were later also called ''Niven numbers'' after 1977 lecture on these by the Canadian mathematician [[Ivan M. Niven]]. Numbers which are harshad in all bases (only 1, 2, 4, and 6) are called ''all-harshad numbers''. Much work has been done on harshad numbers, and their distribution, frequency, etc. are a matter of considerable interest in number theory today.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

=== Demlo number ===
Kaprekar also studied the [[Demlo number]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gunjikar, K. R.|author2= Kaprekar, D. R. |title=Theory of Demlo numbers |journal=J. Univ. Bombay |volume=VIII |issue=3 |pages=3–9 |year=1939 |url=http://OEIS.org/A249605/a249605.pdf}}</ref> name of which was derived from the name of a train station Demlo (now called [[Dombivli railway station|Dombivili]]) 30 miles from Bombay on the then [[G. I. P. Railway]] where he had the idea of studying them.<ref name=mactutor/> The best known of these are the Wonderful Demlo numbers 1, 121, 12321, 1234321, ..., which are the squares of the [[repunit]]s 1, 11, 111,1111, ....<ref>{{MathWorld |title= Demlo Number |urlname=DemloNumber}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://plus.maths.org/issue38/features/nishiyama/index.html "Mysterious number 6174"]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8TRcZklX_Q Numberphile (Dec 5, 2011) 6174] a YouTube video by [[Numberphile]]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaprekar, D. R.}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indian number theorists]]
[[Category:Recreational mathematicians]]
[[Category:Magic squares]]
[[Category:People from Thane district]]
[[Category:Scientists from Maharashtra]]

World Hindu Congress

2026-04-28T02:41:14Z

TheronShifflett: started article

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = World Hindu Congress
| full_name =
| image =
| caption =
| map =
| map_caption =
| leader_name = Swami Vigyananand
| formation = {{Start date|2014 |df=yes}}
| type = [[International organization]]
| headquarters = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| region_served = Worldwide
| website = {{URL|https://www.worldhinducongress.org}}
}}

The '''World Hindu Congress (WHC)''' is a global forum for Hindus to connect, share ideas, inspire one another, and impact the common good.

== Background ==
It is organized by the World Hindu Foundation (WHF), an international Hindu organization. The WHC is organized around a central theme that encapsulates the essence of Hindu Dharma and its relevance in today's world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Hindu Congress renounces 'Hinduism', embraces 'Hindutva', 'Hindu Dharm' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/world-hindu-congress-renounces-hinduism-embraces-hindutva-hindu-dharm-2467247-2023-11-25 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Past themes have included "Sangachchhadhwam Samvadadhwam (Step together, Express together)",<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Hindu Congress Home Page, '2014' |url=https://www.worldhinducongress.org/events/whc-2014 |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=World Hindu Congress |language=en}}</ref> "Think Collectively, Achieve Valiantly,"<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Hindu Congress Home Page, '2018' |url=https://www.worldhinducongress.org/events/whc-2018 |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=World Hindu Congress |language=en}}</ref> and "Dharma, the Abode of Victory."<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Hindu Congress Home Page, 'Declaration' |url=https://www.worldhinducongress.org |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=World Hindu Congress |language=en}}</ref> The most recent 3rd summit was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 24–26 November 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-11-25 |title=Bangkok World Hindu Congress {{!}} Diversity of Hindu society has led to disunity, says RSS leader Hosabale |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/bangkok-world-hindu-congress-diversity-of-hindu-society-has-led-to-disunity-says-rss-leader-hosabale/article67572633.ece |access-date=2023-11-25 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Hinduism
}}
* [[World Hindu Economic Forum]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|World Hindu Congress}}
* {{Official website|https://www.worldhinducongress.org/}}

[[Category:Hindu organisations based in India]]

{{Reli-org-stub}}
{{India-org-stub}}

1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament

2026-04-16T12:05:48Z

TheronShifflett: stub

{{Multiple issues|
{{context|date=September 2020}}
{{one source|date=September 2020}}
}}
{{Infobox international football competition
| tourney_name = 1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament
| year =
| other_title =
| image =
| caption =
| country = [[India]]
| dates = 18–26 December 1954
| num_teams = 4
| confederations = 1
| venues = 1
| cities = 1
| champion_other = {{fb|IND}}
| count = 3
| second_other = {{fb|CEY}}
| third_other = {{fb|PAK}}
| matches = 6
| goals = 17
| attendance =
| prevseason = [[1953 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1953]]
| nextseason = [[1955 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1955]]
|top_scorer={{flagicon|IND}} [[Puran Bahadur Thapa]] (4 goals)}}
'''1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament''' was the third edition of the [[Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament]] held in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[India]]. India won the tournament for a third time.<ref name=col>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html#54|title=Asian Quadrangular Tournament 1954 (Calcutta, India)|website=[[RSSSF]] |first=Neil|last=Morrison|date=1999|access-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927000411/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>

== Squads ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
!colspan|Ceylon<ref name=col/>
!colspan|India<ref name=col/>
!Pakistan<ref name=":PAK">{{Cite book |last=Bhatti |first=Mukhtar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3vhOwAACAAJ |title=Pakistan Sports: An Almanac of Pakistan Sports with Complete Records 1947-1999 |date=1999 |publisher=Bhatti Publications |pages=237–250 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Peter Ranasinghe]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])
* M. Sheriff
* J. A. G. Wilson
* O. K. Khan
* A. C. M. Junaid
* M. B. Saldin
* T. Meedin
* K. A. Premadasa
* M. I. M. Laheer
* T. S. Jayman
* M. Sainoon
* Tom Marikar Deen
* Andrew Fernando
* N. B. Hemachandra
* Tom Ossen
* A. R. Jailabdeen
* Karunapala Fernando
|
* [[Sailen Manna]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])
* Sanat Sett
* [[Sanjeeva Uchil]]
* [[Sayed Khwaja Aziz-ud-Din]]
* [[Sheikh Abdul Latif]]
* Pearl
* G. R. Gokul
* [[Chandan Singh Rawat]]
* Prakash Singh
* [[Muhammad Noor]]
* [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]]
* [[Syed Moinuddin]]
* G. Y. S. Laiq
* [[Samar Banerjee]]
* [[Mohammad Abdus Sattar]]
* [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]]
* [[Puran Bahadur Thapa]]
* Jaganathan
* [[Anthony Patrick]]
* [[Neville D'Souza]]
|
* [[Jamil Akhtar]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])
* [[Fazalur Rehman (footballer)|Fazalur Rehman]]
* [[Mazhar Siddique|Lt. Mazhar Siddique]]
* [[Riasat Ali]]
* M.A. Malik
* Nazir Hussain
* [[Niaz Ali]]
* [[Nabi Chowdhury]]
* [[Dad Muhammad]]
* Ghulam Mohyuddin
* Akbar Jan
* [[Moideen Kutty]]
* [[Muhammad Amin (footballer)|Muhammad Amin]]
* [[Masood Fakhri]]
* [[Ghulam Rabbani]]
* Ata
|}

==Points Tables==

{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Final result}}
|show_positions=y
|sortable_table=y
|winpoints=2

|team1=IND|name_IND={{fb|IND}}
|team2=CEY|name_CEY={{fb|Ceylon|1951}}
|team3=PAK|name_PAK={{fb|PAK}}
|team4=BUR|name_BUR={{fb|Burma|1948}}

|win_IND=2|draw_IND=1|loss_IND=0|gf_IND=6|ga_IND=3
|win_CEY=1|draw_CEY=1|loss_CEY=1|gf_CEY=4|ga_CEY=4
|win_PAK=1|draw_PAK=1|loss_PAK=1|gf_PAK=4|ga_PAK=5
|win_BUR=0|draw_BUR=1|loss_BUR=2|gf_BUR=3|ga_BUR=5

|col_C=gold|text_C=[[Champion]]s
|result1=C
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html RSSSF]
}}

==Matches==

{{Football box
|date = {{Start date|1954|12|18|df=y}}
|time =
|team1 = {{flagg|unpre|avar=fb|IND}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{flagg|unpe|avar=fb|Ceylon|1951}}
|report = http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/brindies-quad.html
|goals1 = [[Muhammad Noor|Noor]] {{goal}}
|goals2 = [[Andrew Fernando|Fernando]] {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
|date = {{Start date|1954|12|19|df=y}}
|time =
|team1 = {{flagg|unpre|avar=fb|PAK}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{flagg|unpe|avar=fb|Burma|1948}}
|report = http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/brindies-quad.html
|goals1 = [[Masood Fakhri|Fakhri]] {{goal}}
|goals2 = Sein Pe {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
| date = {{Start date|1954|12|21|df=y}}
| time =
| team1 = {{flagg|unpre|avar=fb|PAK}}
| score = 2–1
| team2 = {{flagg|unpe|avar=fb|Ceylon|1951}}
| report = http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/brindies-quad.html
| goals1 = [[Jamil Akhtar|Jamil]] {{goal}} [[Muhammad Amin (footballer)|Amin]] {{goal}}
| goals2 = M. Sainoon {{goal}}
| stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
|date = {{Start date|1954|12|23|df=y}}
|time =
|team1 = {{flagg|unpre|avar=fb|IND}}
|score = 2–1
|team2 = {{flagg|unpe|avar=fb|Burma|1948}}
|report = http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/brindies-quad.html
|goals1 = [[Puran Bahadur Thapa|Thapa]] {{goal}} [[Anthony Patrick|Patrick]] {{goal}}
|goals2 = [[Samuel Gordon (footballer)|Gordon]] {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
|date = {{Start date|1954|12|25|df=y}}
|time =
|team1 = {{flagg|unpre|avar=fb|Ceylon|1951}}
|score = 2–1
|team2 = {{flagg|unpe|avar=fb|Burma|1948}}
|report = http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/brindies-quad.html
|goals1 = [[Tom Marikar Deen|Deen]] {{goal}} [[Andrew Fernando|Fernando]] {{goal}}
|goals2 = Htoo Wa {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
|date = {{Start date|1954|12|26|df=y}}
|time =
|team1 = {{flagg|unpre|avar=fb|IND}}
|score = 3–1
|team2 = {{flagg|unpe|avar=fb|PAK}}
|report = http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/brindies-quad.html
|goals1 = [[Puran Bahadur Thapa|Thapa]] {{goal|71||73||75}}
|goals2 = [[Masood Fakhri|Fakhri]] {{goal|55}}
|stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
|attendance = 1,00,000
|referee =
}}

== Statistics ==

=== Goalscorers ===
{{Goalscorers|matches=6|goals=17

|4 goals=
*{{fbicon|IND}} [[Puran Bahadur Thapa]]

|2 goals=
*{{fbicon|Ceylon|1951}} [[Andrew Fernando]]
*{{fbicon|PAK}} [[Masood Fakhri]]

|1 goal=
*{{fbicon|IND}} [[Muhammad Noor]]
*{{fbicon|Burma|1948}} Sein Pe
*{{fbicon|PAK}} [[Jamil Akhtar]]
*{{fbicon|PAK}} [[Muhammad Amin (footballer)|Muhammad Amin]]
*{{fbicon|Ceylon|1951}} M. Sainoon
*{{fbicon|IND}} [[Anthony Patrick]]
*{{fbicon|Burma|1948}} [[Samuel Gordon (footballer)|Samuel Gordon]]
*{{fbicon|Ceylon|1951}} Tom Marikar Deen
*{{fbicon|Ceylon|1951}} M. Sainoon
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Colombo Cup]]
[[Category:1954 in Ceylon]]

Ahmednagar South Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:53:27Z

TheronShifflett: done

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ahmednagar South
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Ahmednagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmednagar]]
| constituency_no =
| established =
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''Ahmednagar South''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. It was a segment of [[Ahmednagar Lok Sabha constituency]]. Ahmednagar South seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was defunct in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
{|class=wikitable
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmednagar South Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/ahmednagarsouth-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|[[1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|rowspan=2| [[Balasaheb Bharde|Balasaheb alias T. S. Bharde]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|S. V. Nisal
|-
|[[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Narayandas Barshikar
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|Kumar Saptarshi
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Asir S. M. I
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Dadasaheb Kalamkar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=4|[[Anil Rathod]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''2008 onwards: Constituency defunct''}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anil Rathod]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 78,192 |percentage = 58.32% |change={{increase}}21.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kalamkar Dadabhau Dasarth Rao |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 52,742 |percentage = 39.34% |change={{increase}}18.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thombe Vijay Haribhau |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,541 |percentage = 1.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayyad Mushtak Ahmed Sayyad Rajasaheb |party=Independent politician |votes = 979 |percentage = 0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,450 |percentage = 18.98% |change= {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,34,075 |percentage = 56.25% |change= {{increase}}4.01 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,34,072}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,38,375|ref = |change= {{increase}}17.51 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}21.58 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anil Rathod]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 38,925 |percentage = 36.74% |change={{decrease}}10.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kalamkar Dadabhau Dasarth Rao |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 22,026 |percentage = 20.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sarda Brijlal Zumbarlal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,837 |percentage = 20.61% |change={{decrease}}6.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Arunkaka Balbhim Jagtap |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,744 |percentage = 13.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gopalrao Madhavrao Zodge (Nana) |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,102 |percentage = 3.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kaware Asaram Haribhau |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,787 |percentage = 1.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Darekar Shridhar Jakhuji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,163 |percentage = 1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,899 |percentage = 15.95% |change= {{decrease}}4.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,11,188 |percentage = 54.81% |change= {{decrease}}14.53 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,05,950}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,02,855|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}10.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anil Rathod]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 61,289 |percentage = 47.37% |change={{increase}}9.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kalamkar Dadabhau Dasarth Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,461 |percentage = 27.41% |change={{decrease}}0.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghule Shankarrao Haribhau |party=Independent politician |votes = 18,702 |percentage = 14.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lamkhade Madhavrao Bhausaheb |party=Janata Dal |votes = 2,679 |percentage = 2.07% |change={{decrease}}20.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uttam Sampatrao Kadam |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,754 |percentage = 1.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yemul Mallesham Raymallu |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,448 |percentage = 1.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gangale Krushanrao Genuji |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 880 |percentage = 0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,828 |percentage = 19.96% |change= {{increase}}10.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,31,451 |percentage = 67.82% |change= {{increase}}2.21 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,29,396}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,93,818|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}9.64 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anil Rathod]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 42,419 |percentage = 37.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kalamkar Dadabhau Dasarth Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 31,638 |percentage = 28.13% |change={{decrease}}4.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagtap Arun Balbhimrao |party=Janata Dal |votes = 25,862 |percentage = 23.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Barshikar Navnitbhai Narayandas |party=Independent politician |votes = 10,711 |percentage = 9.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,781 |percentage = 9.59% |change= {{decrease}}20.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,13,698 |percentage = 65.27% |change= {{increase}}4.01 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,12,453}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,74,209|ref = |change= {{increase}}32.23 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing= {{decrease}}24.87 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kalamkar Dadabhau Dasarth Rao |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 49,929 |percentage = 62.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Asir Shaikh Mohammad Ismail |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,980 |percentage = 32.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Garud Shahurao Kisanrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,663 |percentage = 2.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayyed Asharaf Nanbemiya |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,152 |percentage = 1.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,949 |percentage = 30.02% |change= {{increase}}26.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 80,887 |percentage = 61.40% |change= {{increase}}5.66 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 79,764}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,31,746|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.54 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}16.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Asir Shaikh Mohammad Ismail |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 30,122 |percentage = 45.64% |change={{increase}}31.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Paulbudhe Nath Jaywant |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 27,800 |percentage = 42.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mukund Ghaisas |party=Janata Party |votes = 7,971 |percentage = 12.08% |change={{decrease}}15.84 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,322 |percentage = 3.52% |change= {{increase}}3.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,963 |percentage = 55.68% |change= {{decrease}}12.60 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,006}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,20,274|ref = |change= {{increase}}19.00 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}17.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kumar Saptarshi |party=Janata Party |votes = 19,039 |percentage = 27.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Paulbudhe Nath Jaywant |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,691 |percentage = 27.41% |change={{increase}}0.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Barshikar Navnitbhai Narayandas |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,368 |percentage = 21.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bedekar Shrikant Ambadas |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 9,509 |percentage = 13.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ratnakar Ramchandra Krishnaji |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 5,762 |percentage = 8.45% |change={{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Badashaha Chinnubhai |party=Independent politician |votes = 637 |percentage = 0.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 348 |percentage = 0.51% |change= {{decrease}}29.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,570 |percentage = 68.83% |change= {{increase}}6.81 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,199}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,01,073|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.10 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}28.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Barshikar Navnitbhai Narayandas |party=Independent politician |votes = 28,406 |percentage = 56.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ranade Kalabai Shriram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 13,286 |percentage = 26.46% |change={{decrease}}10.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchandra Ratnakar |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 4,696 |percentage = 9.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Padmakar Deshmukh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,405 |percentage = 4.79% |change={{decrease}}2.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shinde Ambadas Gangadhar |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,112 |percentage = 2.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bodne Mohan Ganesh |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 308 |percentage = 0.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,120 |percentage = 30.11% |change= {{increase}}26.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,299 |percentage = 61.97% |change= {{decrease}}1.73 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,213}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,777|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.67 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}19.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=S. V. Nisal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,485 |percentage = 37.24% |change={{decrease}}13.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. K. Bhapkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,677 |percentage = 33.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. N. Barshikar |party=Independent politician |votes = 9,900 |percentage = 22.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. G. Karmakar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,205 |percentage = 7.24% |change={{decrease}}6.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,808 |percentage = 4.08% |change= {{decrease}}10.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 47,616 |percentage = 67.11% |change= {{increase}}8.66 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,267}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,948|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.27 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Trimbak Shivram Bharde |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 17,270 |percentage = 50.51% |change={{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Navashervan Navarozaji Sattha |party=Independent politician |votes = 12,341 |percentage = 36.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramayya Dagadu Adep |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,582 |percentage = 13.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,929 |percentage = 14.42% |change= {{increase}}1.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 36,877 |percentage = 57.95% |change= {{decrease}}5.81 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,193}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,639|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Ahmednagar South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Trimbak Shivram Bharde |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,674 |percentage = 56.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ranade Kamala Shriram |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,398 |percentage = 43.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,276 |percentage = 12.93% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,072 |percentage = 59.54% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,072}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,542|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmednagar South Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Ahmednagar district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]

Baniapukur Ballygung Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:16:57Z

TheronShifflett: starting

{{Short description|Former West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Baniapukur Ballygung
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Calcutta South East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta South East]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1951
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 1957
}}

'''Baniapukur Ballygung Assembly constituency''' was a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
[[Beniapukur]] and [[Ballygunge]] were areas added to the [[Calcutta]] Corporation in 1889.<ref name="Roy1994">{{cite book|author=Maitreyi Bardhan Roy|title=Calcutta Slums: Public Policy in Retrospect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3LaAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Minerva Associates (Publications)|isbn=978-81-85195-62-9|page=1}}</ref> Baniapukur Ballygung was the sole two-member assembly seat in Calcutta.<ref name="Banerjea1951">{{cite book|author=Benoyendra Nath Banerjea|title=New Constitution of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUc-AAAAIAAJ|date=1951|publisher=A. Mukherjee|page=167}}</ref> One seat was reserved for [[Scheduled Caste]]s, the other seat was unreserved.<ref name="Banerjea1951"/>

==Results==
In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Jogesh Chandra Gupta and Pulin Behari Khatic, both of [[Indian National Congress]], won.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. 178 |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 30 November 2016}}</ref> Amongst the independent candidates in the fray were [[Jogendra Nath Mandal]], a former Minister of [[Pakistan]], and Dr. [[A.M.O. Ghani]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952/><ref name="Bandyopadhyay2009">{{cite book|author=Sekhar Bandyopadhyay|title=Decolonization in South Asia: Meanings of Freedom in Post-independence West Bengal, 1947–52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Qd5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165|date=3 June 2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-01824-6|page=165}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata constituencies}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{coords|22.54|88.37|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 disestablishments in India]]

Kashinath Mahadu Date

2026-04-10T04:09:31Z

TheronShifflett: adding the pg more to come - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 23 November 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[ Nilesh Dnyandev Lanke]]
| successor =
| office1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| citizenship =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = Member of Ahmednagar Zilha Parishad
| term_start2 = 2017
| term_end2 = 2022
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| children =
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| constituency1 = [[Parner Assembly constituency|Parner]]
| profession =
| spouse = NA
| sibling =
| website =
}}
'''Kashinath Mahadu Date Sir''' (born 1954)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kashinath Mahadu Date Sir(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- PARNER(AHMEDNAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=615 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]] who was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Parner Assembly constituency|Parner Vidhan Sabha constituency]] in [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results November-2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-1142S13.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241203161952/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-1142S13.htm |archive-date=2024-12-03 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Parner (Maharashtra) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/parner-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9684991/ |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Date is from Parner, Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra. He is the son of Mahadu Narayan Date. He completed his B.A. in 1976 at New Arts Commerce and Science College, Ahmednagar, which is affiliated with [[Pune University]].

== Career ==
Date is a former member of Zilha Parishad, Ahmednagar. He served as chairman of the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Committee of Zilha Parishad, Ahmednagar.

He won from Parner Assembly constituency representing [[Nationalist Congress Party]] in the 2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election. He received 113,630 votes and defeated his nearest rival Rani Nilesh Lanke of the [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)]] by a margin of1,526 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/parner-election-results-2024-ncps-kashinath-date-sir-leads-over-ncpsps-rani-lanke/ar-AA1uBZLy?ocid=BingNewsSerp |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parner Election Result 2024 LIVE : Kashinath Mahadu Date Sir of NCP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/parner-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130171.html |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-23 |title=Parner election results 2024: NCP's Kashinath Date Sir defeats NCP(SP)'s Rani Lanke by over 1500 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-assembly-parner-election-results-2024-ncps-kashinath-date-sir-leads-over-ncpsps-rani-lanke/articleshow/115598153.cms |access-date=2024-12-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Date, Kashinath Mahadu}}

[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar politicians]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Ahmednagar district]]

Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925

2026-04-08T08:25:32Z

TheronShifflett:

{{Short description|1925 Act during the British India that defined Sikh identity}}{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925
| legislature = [[Punjab Legislative Council (British India)|Punjab Legislative Council]]
| long_title = An Act to provide for the better administration of certain Sikh Gurdwaras and the inquiries into matters connected therewith.
| citation = Punjab Act VIII of 1925
| territorial_extent = Present day: '''India:'''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Chandigarh]] and parts of [[Himachal Pradesh]] '''Pakistan:'''[[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| assented_by = [[Governor-General of India|GG]] [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|Earl of Reading]]
| date_assented = 28 July 1925
| date_commenced = In [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]]:1 November 1925 In [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|extended territories]]: 1959
| repeals = Sikh Gurdwaras and Shrines Act, 1922
| amended_by = Various acts
| status = in force
}}
[[File:Title-page of the Punjabi (Gurmukhi) print of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925.png|thumb|Title-page of the [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Gurmukhi]]) print of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]], [[Amritsar]], 1925]]
'''The Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925''' was a piece of legislation in [[British India]] which legally defined Sikh identity and brought Sikh [[gurdwara]]s (houses of worship) under the control of an elected body of orthodox Sikhs.<ref name="The Tribune 19 September 2001">{{cite news|title=Chohan barred from SGPC office|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010919/punjab1.htm|accessdate=13 May 2013|newspaper=The Tribune|date=19 September 2001|author=Varinder Walia}}</ref>

==Gurdwara reform movement==
{{main|Gurdwara Reform Movement}}
Prior to 1925, a large proportion of the gurdwaras in India were under the control of clergy of the [[Udasi]] denomination of Sikhism. The Udasi differed from their mainline Sikh congregants, and due to differences in theology (such as [[syncretic]] Hindu practices) as well as some instances of malfeasance were seen as allowing or committing behaviours unsuitable for a gurdwara. By the 1920s, resentment of this perceived corruption led to the foundation of the [[Akali Movement]] which negotiated or forced Udasi [[mahant]]s (religious heads) out of control of key gurdwaras.<ref name="google1925">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ai-rpcY-rrgC&q=%22Gurdwaras+Act+of+1925%22&pg=PT108 |title=Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction - Eleanor Nesbitt - Google Books |date=2005-09-22 |isbn=9780191578069 |accessdate=2013-05-13|last1=Nesbitt |first1=Eleanor }}</ref>

==Legislation==
Among the issues addressed by the legislation:
* Identification as a Sikh was defined by the attestation: ''One who professes the Sikh religion - I solemnly affirm that I am a Sikh, that I believe in the Guru Granth Sahib, that I believe in the Ten Gurus, and that I have no other religion''. This definition was to stand until 1945.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeKWQzesOc4C&q=%22Gurdwaras+Act+of+1925%22&pg=PA21 |title=Sikh Identity: An Exploration Of Groups Among Sikhs - Opinderjit Kaur Takhar - Google Books |isbn=9780754652021 |accessdate=2013-05-13|last1=Takhar |first1=Opinderjit Kaur |year=2005 }}</ref>
* Custody of historic Sikh shrines would pass to the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]], a Sikh-led committee.<ref name="google1925"/>
* The SGPC, formed in 1920, was defined as consisting of 120 practicing Sikhs, the heads of the [[Panj Takht]] (five primary Sikh gurdwaras), 12 appointees from the [[Princely States]], and "14 co-opted members".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shgGCwdFSKsC&q=%22Gurdwaras+Act+of+1925%22&pg=PA179 |title=Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy - Pritam Singh - Google Books |date= 8 February 2008|isbn=9780203930205 |accessdate=2013-05-13|last1=Singh |first1=Pritam }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Delhi Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1971]]
*[[Anand Marriage Act, 1909]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/33.html Text of the Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1925 in Punjab, Pakistan] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250806173158/http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/33.html#_ftnref3 archived]
*[https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/haryana/1925/1925HR8.pdf Text of the Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1925 in Haryana, India]
*[https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/himachal-pradesh/1925/1925HP8.pdf Text of the Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1925 in Himachal Pradesh, India]
*[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-10/Sikh_Gurrdwara_Act1925_1%5B1%5D.pdf Text of the Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1925 in MHA website]

[[Category:Law about religion in India]]
[[Category:Law about religion in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Sikh politics]]
[[Category:Church and state law]]
[[Category:Gurdwaras]]
[[Category:1925 in law]]
[[Category:1925 in British India]]
[[Category:1925 in British law]]
[[Category:1925 in religion]]

YRF Spy Universe

2026-03-29T17:59:08Z

TheronShifflett:

{{short description|Shared fictional universe}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox media franchise
| italic_title = no
| title = YRF Spy Universe
| image = YRF Spy Universe logo.jpg
| caption = Official logo
| creator = [[Aditya Chopra]]
| origin = ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012)
| owner = [[Yash Raj Films]]
| years = 2012–present
| films = {{ubl|''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012)| ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017)|''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019)|''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)|''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023)|''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)<ref name=shoot>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-17 |title=Exclusive: Aditya Chopra expands YRF Spy Universe; Alia Bhatt to headline 8th film of India's biggest IP |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-aditya-chopra-expands-yrf-spy-universe-alia-bhatt-to-headline-8th-film-of-indias-biggest-ip-1230142 |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>}}
| shorts =
| soundtracks = ''[[Ek Tha Tiger (soundtrack)|Ek Tha Tiger]]'' ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai (soundtrack)|Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' ''[[War (2019 soundtrack)|War]]'' ''[[Pathaan (soundtrack)|Pathaan]]'' ''[[Tiger 3 (soundtrack)|Tiger 3]]'' ''[[War 2 (soundtrack)|War 2]]''
| color = lightgrey
| otherlabel1 = Budget
| otherdata1 = '''Total (6 films):''' {{Estimation}} {{INR}}1205–1305 crore
| otherlabel2 = Box office
| otherdata2 = '''Total (6 films):''' {{Estimation}} {{INR}}3194.97–3242.75 crore
| video_games = ''Ek Tha Tiger'' (2012) ''Tiger The Bhai'' (2012) ''Being SalMan: The Official Game'' (2016)
| comics = ''Ek Tha Tiger: Saving The High Seas'' (2012) ''Ek Tha Tiger: Caught In The Web'' (2012)
| music = {{ubl|
| "[[Ghungroo (song)|Ghungroo]]"
| "[[Besharam Rang]]"
| "[[Jhoome Jo Pathaan]]"
}}
}}

'''YRF Spy Universe''' is an Indian [[media franchise]] and [[shared universe]] centered on a series of [[spy film|spy]] [[action films]], which feature various fictional [[Research and Analysis Wing|R&AW]] agents.<ref>{{cite web|title=YRF offers profit to Salman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/YRF-offers-profit-to-Salman/articleshow/7591907.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020175634/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-28/news-interviews/28641659_1_salman-khan-kabir-khan-mega-project|url-status=live|archive-date=20 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 February 2011 |access-date=28 February 2011}}</ref> The first three films in the universe - ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012), ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017) and ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019) - were released as standalone films before the universe was established through ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023) after the success of ''War''. The franchise also includes comic books, graphic novels and video games. The films are created, produced and distributed by [[Yash Raj Films]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=What We Know About The YRF Spy Universe That The Movie 'Pathaan' Is Part Of |url=https://www.augustman.com/in/culture/film-tv/what-to-know-about-the-yrf-spy-universe/ |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=AugustMan India |language=en-US |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213071629/https://www.augustman.com/in/culture/film-tv/what-to-know-about-the-yrf-spy-universe/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Overview ==
The first film ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012) directed by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] was centered on a fictional [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent named Avinash Singh Rathore alias Tiger played by [[Salman Khan]]. This was followed by its sequels ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017) directed by [[Ali Abbas Zafar]] and the fifth film in the universe ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023) directed by [[Maneesh Sharma]]. The third film ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019) directed by [[Siddharth Anand]], starring [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Tiger Shroff]] was released as a standalone film with no connection to the ''Tiger'' films. The universe was created when [[Aditya Chopra]] and [[Siddharth Anand]] decided to connect the three films and create a shared universe through crossovers with characters and connecting plot lines. The fourth installment ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023), also directed by Anand, starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], was the first film in the universe to feature characters from the previous films.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 December 2021 |title=Salman Khan confirms YRF's spy universe with Shah Rukh Khan's Pathan and Tiger 3 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/salman-khan-confirms-yrfs-spy-universe-with-shah-rukh-khans-pathan-and-tiger-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309041934/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/salman-khan-confirms-yrfs-spy-universe-with-shah-rukh-khans-pathan-and-tiger-3/ |archive-date=9 March 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2021 |title=Ashutosh Rana to reprise War role in Shah Rukh Khan starrer Pathan |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ashutosh-rana-reprise-war-role-shah-rukh-khan-starrer-pathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521010704/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/ashutosh-rana-reprise-war-role-shah-rukh-khan-starrer-pathan/ |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2021 |title=Salman Khan to join Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone and John Abraham at the top of Burj Khalifa for Pathan |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-salman-khan-join-shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukone-john-abraham-top-burj-khalifa-pathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217053120/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-salman-khan-join-shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukone-john-abraham-top-burj-khalifa-pathan/ |archive-date=17 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> The sixth installment ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025), directed by [[Ayan Mukerji]], continues the storyline established in ''War''.<ref name=":War2"/>

==Films ==
=== Released films ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Title
!Release date
!Director
!Producer
!Screenwriter(s)
|-
!{{no wrap|''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]''}}
|15 August 2012
|[[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Aditya Chopra]]
|Kabir Khan [[Neelesh Misra]] Aditya Chopra
|-
!''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]''
|22 December 2017
|[[Ali Abbas Zafar]]
|Ali Abbas Zafar Neelesh Misra
|-
!''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
|2 October 2019
| rowspan="2" |[[Siddharth Anand]]
|[[Shridhar Raghavan]] Siddharth Anand Aditya Chopra [[Abbas Tyrewala]]
|-
!''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]''
|25 January 2023
|Shridhar Raghavan Siddharth Anand Abbas Tyrewala
|-
!''[[Tiger 3]]''
|12 November 2023
|[[Maneesh Sharma]]
|Shridhar Raghavan Aditya Chopra Anckur Chaudhry
|-
!''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]''
|14 August 2025
|[[Ayan Mukerji]]
|Shridhar Raghavan Aditya Chopra Abbas Tyrewala
|}

==== ''Ek Tha Tiger'' (2012) ====
{{Main|Ek Tha Tiger}}
[[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent Avinash "[[Tiger (Character)|Tiger]]" Singh Rathore, is sent to [[Dublin]] to observe an Indian scientist who is suspected of sharing nuclear secrets with the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]]. He meets and falls for his caretaker [[#Zoya|Zoya Nazar]], a girl with a dark past.

''Ek Tha Tiger'' is the first instalment of the shared universe and was released on 15 August 2012 worldwide. The film earned ₹325 crore worldwide{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} against a budget of ₹75 crore,<ref name="IBNLive.com2">{{cite web |title=Ek Tha Tiger: It's Salman's show all the way |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ek-tha-tiger-its-salmans-show-all-the-way/282723-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818125111/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ek-tha-tiger-its-salmans-show-all-the-way/282723-8-66.html |archive-date=18 August 2012 |access-date=16 August 2012 |publisher=IBNLive.com}}</ref> becoming one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films by international revenue|highest-grossing Bollywood films by international gross]].<ref name="Boxofficeindia.com2">{{cite web |date=30 August 2012 |title=Top Ten Overseas: EK THA TIGER Sixth |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4847&nCat= |access-date=30 August 2012 |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |archive-date=1 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901195904/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4847&nCat= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ek Tha Tiger To Close at Around $120 Million in Overseas |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/overdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4843&nCat= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831201944/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4843&nCat= |archive-date=31 August 2012 |access-date=29 August 2012 |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com }}</ref>

==== ''Tiger Zinda Hai'' (2017) ====
{{Main|Tiger Zinda Hai}}

Tiger and Zoya rejoin forces with RAW and ISI in order to rescue a group of nurses, who are held hostage by ISC, an Iraqi terrorist organisation headed by Abu Usman.

''Tiger Zinda Hai'' is the second instalment of the shared universe, and is based on true incidents that happened in 2014 the [[Foreign hostages in Iraq#India|abduction of Indian nurses]] by [[ISIL]].<ref>{{cite news |date=7 November 2017 |title=The real story of Tiger Zinda Hai: How India got 46 nurses back from ISIS |work=[[Rediff.com]] |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/report/iraq-isis-how-india-got-the-nurses-back-from-iraq/20140704.htm |access-date=8 November 2017 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508213110/https://m.rediff.com/news/report/iraq-isis-how-india-got-the-nurses-back-from-iraq/20140704.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Tiger Zinda Hai'' was released on 22 December 2017 and made a new non-holiday record in India as it collected {{INR|link=yes}}34.1{{nbsp}}[[crore]] nett on its first day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger Zinda Hai Sets Non-Holiday Record - Box Office India |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3511 |access-date=27 December 2017 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com |archive-date=26 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226014150/http://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3511 |url-status=live }}</ref> It went on to collect ₹35.30 crores gross on the second day. The film recorded the second-highest day of all time. It netted Rs 154 crore in its first four days in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger Zinda Hai Monday Early Estimate - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3524 |access-date=22 December 2019 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com |archive-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707202245/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3524 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger Runs Riot On Monday - Challenges Bahubali - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3523 |access-date=22 December 2019 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com |archive-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707230430/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3523 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film grossed {{INR}}565{{nbsp}}crore worldwide<ref name="boi-worldwide2">{{cite news |date=2 November 2018 |title=Top Worldwide Figures – All Formats And Hindi |work=[[Box Office India]] |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4396 |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091327/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4396 |url-status=live }}</ref> becoming one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]]. At the [[63rd Filmfare Awards]], it won for [[Filmfare Award for Best Action|Best Action]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2018: Complete List Of Winners |work=NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/filmfare-awards-2018-complete-list-of-winners-1802682 |access-date=21 January 2018 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121061415/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/filmfare-awards-2018-complete-list-of-winners-1802682 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== ''War'' (2019) ====
{{Main|War (2019 film)}}

[[Kabir (YRF Spy Universe)|Major Kabir Dhaliwal]], a former soldier and a skilled agent, goes rogue after a mission to catch a terrorist named Rizwan Ilyasi goes awry. However, his boss sends Khalid, another soldier and Kabir's student to track him down.

''War'' is the third installment of the shared universe, which was commissioned after the success of the previous films, and was directed by Siddharth Anand, starring Hrithik Roshan, [[Tiger Shroff]] and [[Vaani Kapoor]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 September 2019 |title=Hrithik Roshan and Tiger Shroff starrer War to be screened in 4DX: Latest Bollywood News |url=https://theprimetime.in/hrithik-roshan-and-tiger-shroff-starrer-war-to-be-screened-in-4dx-latest-bollywood-news/ |website=The Prime Time |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424152714/https://theprimetime.in/hrithik-roshan-and-tiger-shroff-starrer-war-to-be-screened-in-4dx-latest-bollywood-news/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was released on 2 October 2019, coinciding with the [[Gandhi Jayanti]].<ref name=":m12">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2018 |title=Hrithik Roshan, Tiger Shroff's action film to release on October 2, 2019 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/hrithik-roshan-tiger-shroff-s-action-film-to-release-on-october-2-2019/story-agmcQWqA1GjG9NvoTVTh9M.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203115940/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/hrithik-roshan-tiger-shroff-s-action-film-to-release-on-october-2-2019/story-agmcQWqA1GjG9NvoTVTh9M.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Proving to be similarly successful to the first entry in the series, the film emerged as a huge box office success, becoming the [[List of Bollywood films of 2019|highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2019]] and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time.<ref name="box:bbh2">{{cite web |title=War Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war/box-office/ |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=2 October 2019 |archive-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715070700/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== ''Pathaan'' (2023) ====
{{Main|Pathaan (film)}}

[[Pathaan (YRF Spy Universe)|Pathaan]], an exiled RAW agent is assigned to take down Jim, a former RAW agent-turned-leader of "Outfit X", a private terror organization that is planning to spread a deadly lab-generated virus dubbed "Raktbeej" across India.

''Pathaan'' is the fourth installment in the shared universe directed by Siddharth Anand, and the first spy universe film to feature a [[post-credits scene|mid-credits scene]].{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} The film stars Shah Rukh Khan, [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[John Abraham]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Vishal Dadlani announces Shah Rukh Khan's Pathan. King is back, say fans |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vishal-dadlani-announces-shah-rukh-khan-s-pathan-king-is-back-say-fans-1783148-2021-03-24 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005100826/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vishal-dadlani-announces-shah-rukh-khan-s-pathan-king-is-back-say-fans-1783148-2021-03-24 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pathan: While Deepika charges Rs 15 crore and John takes home Rs 20 crore, SRK goes for the King's share? |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/article/pathan-while-deepika-padukone-charges-rs-15-crore-and-john-abraham-takes-home-rs-20-crore-shah-rukh-khan-goes-for-the-kings-share/684560 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]] |date=20 November 2020 |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005083835/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/article/pathan-while-deepika-padukone-charges-rs-15-crore-and-john-abraham-takes-home-rs-20-crore-shah-rukh-khan-goes-for-the-kings-share/684560 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2021 |title=Deepika Padukone starts shooting for Pathan with Shah Rukh Khan in Mumbai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/deepika-padukone-starts-shooting-for-pathan-with-shah-rukh-khan-in-mumbai-1823692-2021-07-04 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005122719/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/deepika-padukone-starts-shooting-for-pathan-with-shah-rukh-khan-in-mumbai-1823692-2021-07-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> Salman Khan reprises his role as [[Tiger (YRF Spy Universe)|Avinash "Tiger" Singh Rathore]] in a cameo appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2021 |title=Salman Khan confirms his cameo in Shah Rukh Khan's comeback film Pathan |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/salman-khan-confirms-his-cameo-shah-rukh-khan-s-comeback-film-pathan-613411 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005074022/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/salman-khan-confirms-his-cameo-shah-rukh-khan-s-comeback-film-pathan-613411 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was made on a budget of {{Indian rupee}}250 crore, and was a major commercial success, making it the highest-grossing film in the universe.<ref name="budget" />

==== ''Tiger 3'' (2023) ====
{{Main|Tiger 3}}

Tiger and Zoya must go on a life-threatening crusade to clear their names after they are framed as traitors by Aatish Rehman, an ex-ISI agent turned terrorist with a personal vendetta against Tiger.

''Tiger 3'' is the fifth installment of the shared universe and sequel to ''Tiger Zinda Hai''. It features [[Salman Khan]] and [[Katrina Kaif]], reprising their eponymous roles of Tiger and Zoya, with [[Emraan Hashmi]] playing the antagonist. [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Hrithik Roshan]] reprise their roles as Pathaan and [[Major (India)|Major]] Kabir Dhaliwal in cameo appearances. The film was directed by [[Maneesh Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2020 |title=INSIDE SCOOP: The real reason why Maneesh Sharma and not Ali Abbas Zafar is directing Salman Khan's Tiger 3 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/inside-scoop-real-reason-maneesh-sharma-not-ali-abbas-zafar-directing-salman-khans-tiger-3/ |access-date=22 February 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327001002/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/inside-scoop-real-reason-maneesh-sharma-not-ali-abbas-zafar-directing-salman-khans-tiger-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2021 |title=Emraan Hashmi turns villain for Salman Khan starer Tiger 3 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-turns-villain-for-salman-khan-led-tiger-3-7186130/ |access-date=22 February 2021 |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226013951/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-turns-villain-for-salman-khan-led-tiger-3-7186130/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The music was composed by [[Pritam]], with lyrics written by [[Irshad Kamil]] and [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]. It was made on a budget on {{Indian rupee}}300 crore, making it the second most expensive film in the universe, behind [[War 2 (film)|''War 2'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2023-11-20 |title=Tiger 3 Box Office: Has the Salman Khan starrer Recovered its Cost? |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/tiger-3-box-office-has-the-salman-khan-starrer-recovered-its-cost |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

==== ''War 2'' (2025) ====
{{Main|War 2 (film)}}

Kabir Dhaliwal, a former [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent, who, after going rogue, becomes a major threat to national security, and a special units officer, Vikram Chelapathi, is assigned to neutralize him.

''War 2'' is the sixth installment of the shared universe and sequel to ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''. The film stars [[Hrithik Roshan]], who reprises his role, with [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|N. T. Rama Rao Jr]], [[Kiara Advani]] and [[Anil Kapoor]] with [[Bobby Deol]] in a cameo appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=NTR Jr. comes on board War 2 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-ntr-jr-comes-on-board-war-2-1215471%3famp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405083304/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-ntr-jr-comes-on-board-war-2-1215471?amp |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=5 April 2023 |work=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-06-16 |title=Hrithik Roshan, NTR Jr to be Joined by Kiara Advani in 'War 2' |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/hrithik-roshan-ntr-jr-kiara-advani-war-2-1235646617/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Anil Kapoor comes on board War 2, Alpha & Pathaan 2; A multi film deal for YRF |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-anil-kapoor-comes-on-board-war-2-alpha-a-multi-film-deal-for-yrf-spy-universe-1326689 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2023.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |access-date=4 July 2024 |title=Alia Bhatt and Sharvari starrer YRF Spy Universe action drama titled Alpha, shoot commences |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/alia-bhatt-sharvari-starrer-yrf-spy-universe-action-drama-titled-alpha-shoot-commences/ |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Ayan Mukerji]], replacing [[Siddharth Anand]].<ref name=":War2">{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=Not Siddharth Anand, Ayan Mukerji to direct Hrithik Roshan starrer War 2 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/not-siddharth-anand-ayan-mukerji-direct-hrithik-roshan-starrer-war-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404065712/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/not-siddharth-anand-ayan-mukerji-direct-hrithik-roshan-starrer-war-2/ |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> Made on a budget of {{Indian Rupee}}400 crore, it is the most expensive film in the universe. It was theatrically released worldwide on 14 August 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 November 2023 |title=Hrithik Roshan and Jr. NTR-led War 2 set for January 2025; Ayan Mukerji directorial to release in 14 August 2025 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/hrithik-roshan-jr-ntr-led-war-2-set-independence-day-2025-weekend-ayan-mukerji-directorial-release-august-14/ |access-date=29 November 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/devara-glimpse-of-jr-ntr-starrer-to-drop-on-this-date-actor-shares-films-new-poster-1268703 | title=Devara: Glimpse of Jr NTR starrer to drop on THIS date; actor shares film's new poster | date=January 2024 }}</ref>

=== Upcoming films ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Title
!Release date
!Director
!Producer
!Screenwriter(s)
!Status
|-
!''Alpha''
|10 July 2026
| Shiv Rawail
| rowspan="3"|[[Aditya Chopra]]
|Shridhar Raghavan Shiv Rawail Ishita Moitra
|Post-production
|-
!''Pathaan 2''
|rowspan="2"|TBA
|TBA
|rowspan="2"|TBA
|Rowspan="2"|In development
|-
!''Tiger vs Pathaan''
|[[Siddharth Anand]]
|}

==== ''Alpha'' (2026) ====
The seventh installment of the shared universe and first female-led film in the universe was announced in July 2024, titled ''Alpha''.<ref name=":5" /> Directed by [[Shiv Rawail]],<ref name="pinkvilla.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Aditya Chopra gets Shiv Rawail on board to direct Alia Bhatt & Sharvari in YRF Spy Universe's next |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-aditya-chopra-gets-shiv-rawail-on-board-to-direct-alia-bhatt-sharvari-in-yrf-spy-universes-next-1275616 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> the film stars [[Alia Bhatt]], [[Sharvari]], [[Bobby Deol]] and [[Anil Kapoor]], with [[Hrithik Roshan]] reprising his role as Kabir in a cameo appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Aditya Chopra expands YRF Spy Universe; Alia Bhatt to headline 8th film of India's biggest IP |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-aditya-chopra-expands-yrf-spy-universe-alia-bhatt-to-headline-8th-film-of-indias-biggest-ip-1230142 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Sharvari all set to make an entry in YRF Spy Universe; Aditya Chopra bets big on homegrown talent |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-sharvari-all-set-to-make-an-entry-in-yrf-spy-universe-aditya-chopra-bets-big-on-homegrown-talent-1217013 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Anil Kapoor comes on board War 2, Alpha & Pathaan 2; A multi film deal for YRF |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-anil-kapoor-comes-on-board-war-2-alpha-a-multi-film-deal-for-yrf-spy-universe-1326689 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] commenced in July 2024.<ref name=":5" /> It was initially scheduled for release on 25 December 2025 but was postponed to 17 April 2026 for post-production work. ''Alpha'' was postponed again due to the [[Salman Khan]] starrer ''Battle of Galwan'' taking its second release date. The film is now scheduled for a theatrical release on 10 July 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2026-03-09 |title=Alia Bhatt, Sharvari starrer Alpha locks July 10, 2026 for its theatrical release : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/alia-bhatt-sharvari-starrer-alpha-locks-july-10-2026-theatrical-release/ |access-date=2026-03-09 |language=en}}</ref>

==== ''Pathaan 2'' ====
The eighth installment of the shared universe and sequel to ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' was announced in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-20 |title='Pathaan 2' in the works! Shah Rukh Khan to return with sequel to 2023 blockbuster spy drama |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/pathaan-2-in-the-works-shah-rukh-khan-to-headline-sequel-to-2023-blockbuster-spy-drama/articleshow/107846752.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-30 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] will reprise their roles as Pathaan and Rubai.<ref>{{cite web | title=Shah Rukh Khan to begin shooting for Pathaan 2 in 2026? Report says | date=25 February 2025 | url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/shah-rukh-khan-to-begin-shooting-for-pathaan-2-in-2026-report-11740488878037.html }}</ref>

==== ''Tiger vs Pathaan'' ====
In 2021, [[Salman Khan]] and [[Shah Rukh Khan]] were rumored to star together for a film. In December 2021, Salman Khan confirmed the rumors. In April 2023, the ninth installment of the shared universe ''Tiger vs Pathaan'' was announced. It will be directed by [[Siddharth Anand]] and both will reprise their roles as Avinash "Tiger" Singh Rathore and Pathaan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=21 February 2024 |title=Tiger vs Pathaan to go on floors in 2026; Salman Khan & Shah Rukh Khan's battle royale on the big screen in 2027 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/tiger-vs-pathaan-go-floors-2026-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khans-battle-royale-big-screen-2027/ |access-date=22 February 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" | Character(s)
! rowspan="2" | Actor
! colspan="7" | Films
|-
! ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012)
! ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017)
! ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019)
! ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)
! ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023)
! ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
! ''Alpha'' (2026)
|-
| '''Avinash "Tiger" Singh Rathore'''
| [[Salman Khan]]
| colspan=2 style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #FFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Guest
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Kabir Dhaliwal'''
| [[Hrithik Roshan]]
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #FFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Guest
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align; middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| style="background: #FFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Guest
|-
|'''Pathaan'''
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| style="background: #FFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Guest
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
| '''Vikram "Raghu" Chelapathi'''
|[[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]]
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Zoya Nazar'''
|[[Katrina Kaif]]
| colspan="2" style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Naina Sahni'''
|[[Vaani Kapoor]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Flashback
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Rubai Mohsin'''
|[[Deepika Padukone]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
| '''Kavya Luthra'''
| [[Kiara Advani]]
| colspan="5" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|{{small|TBA}}
|[[Alia Bhatt]]
| colspan="6" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
|-
|{{small|TBA}}
|[[Sharvari Wagh]]
| colspan="6" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
|-
|'''Khalid Rahmani / Saurabh{{efn|name=dual role|dual role}}'''
|[[Tiger Shroff]]
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | Flashback
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Jim'''
|[[John Abraham]]
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan="3" {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Aatish Rehman'''
|[[Emraan Hashmi]]
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
|-
|{{small|TBA}}
|[[Bobby Deol]]
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #FFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Guest
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
|-
| '''Vikrant Kaul'''
|[[Anil Kapoor]]
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
| colspan="2" style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Main
|-
|'''Ajit Shenoy'''
|[[Girish Karnad]]
| colspan=2 style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Sunil Luthra'''
|[[Ashutosh Rana]]
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=2 style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| style="background: #FFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Guest
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Nandini Grewal'''
|[[Dimple Kapadia]]
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Maithili Menon'''
|[[Revathi]]
| colspan=4 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Nasreen Irani'''
|[[Simran (actress)|Simran]]
| colspan=4 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Gopi Arya'''
|[[Ranvir Shorey]]
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Firdaus'''
|[[Paresh Rawal]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Abrar Sheikh'''
|[[Gavie Chahal]]
| colspan=2 style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Rakesh'''
|[[Kumud Mishra]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Karan Rao'''
|Anant Vidhaat Sharma
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Nikhil'''
|Chandrachoor Rai
| colspan=4 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Javed Baig'''
|Danish Bhat
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Azaan Akbar'''
|Paresh Pahuja
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Flashback
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Namit Khanna'''
|[[Angad Bedi]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Flashback
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
| '''Poorna'''
| rowspan=2 | [[Anupriya Goenka]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Aditi Nahta'''
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=4 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Shweta Bajaj'''
|[[Ekta Kaul]]
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Raza'''
|[[Shaji Choudhary]]
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Joseph Mathews'''
|[[Diganta Hazarika]]
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Rishi Arya'''
|[[Viraf Patel]]
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Amol'''
|Aakash Bhatija
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=3 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Nafisa Rahmani'''
|[[Soni Razdan]]
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #FFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Guest
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Hassan Ali'''
| Jineet Rath
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFF; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Flashback
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
| [[Vishal Jethwa]]
| colspan=4 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Junior'''
|Sartaaj Kakkar
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=2 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Abu Usman'''
|Sajjad Delafrooz
| {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Gautam Gulati'''
|K. C. Shankar
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Vilasrao Sarang'''
|[[Varun Badola]]
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Karan'''
|Karan Kishore
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|'''Imroz'''
|Imroz Maur
| colspan=5 {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Ruhi Sahni'''
|Dishita Sehgal
| colspan="2" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| colspan="4" {{cEmpty}}
|-
|Arista Mehta
| colspan="5" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
|{{small|TBA}}
|[[Dibyendu Bhattacharya]]
| colspan="6" {{cEmpty}}
| style="background: #DFD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" |Supporting
|-
|}

== Characters ==

=== Tiger ===
{{Main|Tiger (YRF Spy Universe)}}

{{Infobox character
| name = Tiger
| franchise = YRF Spy Universe
| first = ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012)
| last = ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023)
| creator = [[Aditya Chopra]] [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] [[Neelesh Misra]]
| portrayer = [[Salman Khan]]
| gender = Male
| affiliation = [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (R&AW)
| occupation = R&AW agent
| significant_other = [[Zoya (YRF Spy Universe)|Zoya]]
| nationality = Indian
| home =
| full_name = Avinash Singh Rathore
| children = Hassan (adopted son, deceased) Junior (son)
| alias = Manish Chandra
| nickname = Tiger
| firstgame = ''Ek Tha Tiger''
| image = Tiger (fictional character).jpg
| caption = Tiger in ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023)
}}
'''Avinash Singh Rathore''', known by his codename '''Tiger''', is a [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent, portrayed by [[Salman Khan]]. The character is first introduced in ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'', and is reprised in the sequels ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' and ''[[Tiger 3]]''. Tiger is married to Zoya, another spy, and they have a son named Junior. He also makes a notable appearance in [[Pathaan (film)|''Pathaan'']] (2023). Tiger is one of the three main agents in the universe, alongside Pathaan and Kabir.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2023 |title=Tiger 3: Did you know Shah Rukh Khan's scene with Salman Khan has taken 6 months of planning? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/tiger-3-did-you-know-shah-rukh-khans-scene-with-salman-khan-has-taken-6-months-of-planning-1211905 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152146/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/tiger-3-did-you-know-shah-rukh-khans-scene-with-salman-khan-has-taken-6-months-of-planning-1211905 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Hrithik Roshan to join Salman Khan and Shah Rukh Khan in Spy Universe after War 2 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-hrithik-roshan-join-salman-khan-and-shah-rukh-khan-spy-universe-after-war-2-1009047 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152141/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-hrithik-roshan-join-salman-khan-and-shah-rukh-khan-spy-universe-after-war-2-1009047 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

=== Zoya ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Zoya
| first = ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012)
| last = ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023)
| creator = [[Aditya Chopra]] [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] [[Neelesh Misra]]
| portrayer = [[Katrina Kaif]]
| gender = Female
| affiliation = [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI)
| occupation = ISI agent
| significant_other = [[Tiger (YRF Spy Universe)|Avinash Singh Rathore "Tiger"]]
| nationality = Pakistani
| full_name = Zoya Nazar Jung
| children = Hassan, Junior
| alias =
| nickname = Zee
| origin = [[London, England]]
| lbl1 =
| data1 =
}}
'''Zoya Nazar''' is a Pakistani ISI agent portrayed by [[Katrina Kaif]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2011 |title=Ek Tha Tiger Movie (2012) - Release Date, Cast, Trailer and Other Details |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/movie/ek-tha-tiger |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921005447/https://www.pinkvilla.com/movie/ek-tha-tiger |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Tiger Zinda Hai Movie (2017) - Release Date, Cast, Trailer and Other Details |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/movie/tiger-zinda-hai |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201320/https://www.pinkvilla.com/movie/tiger-zinda-hai |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=YRF to unveil new 'spy universe' logo with Pathaan trailer |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yrf-to-unveil-new-spy-universe-logo-with-pathaan-trailer-1205785 |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152140/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yrf-to-unveil-new-spy-universe-logo-with-pathaan-trailer-1205785 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She defected from the ISI, after eloping with her love interest turned husband Tiger, an Indian [[Research & Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent. However, she remains loyal to Pakistan and occasionally goes on missions to save her country from threats.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Katrina Kaif aka Zoya drops a hint on Pathaan's 'Dangerous' mission; Deepika Padukone REACTS |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152140/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2023 |title=Katrina Kaif aka Zoya drops a hint on Pathaan's 'Dangerous' mission; Deepika Padukone REACTS |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152140/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite web |date=22 December 2020 |title=Salman Khan & Katrina Kaif's Tiger Zinda Hai turns 3: Cricket to fun on set, Tiger & Zoya's epic BTS moments |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/salman-khan-katrina-kaifs-tiger-zinda-hai-turns-3-cricket-fun-set-tiger-zoyas-epic-bts-moments-585818 |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928201320/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/salman-khan-katrina-kaifs-tiger-zinda-hai-turns-3-cricket-fun-set-tiger-zoyas-epic-bts-moments-585818 |url-status=live }}</ref> She is married to Tiger and has two sons: an adopted son named Hassan, a suicide bomber whom she adopted during a mission in [[Iraq]] and a biological son named Junior.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Will Rubina from Pathaan and Zoya from the Tiger franchise have a crossover? |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/will-rubina-from-pathaan-and-zoya-from-the-tiger-franchise-have-a-crossover-56730.html |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002064119/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/will-rubina-from-pathaan-and-zoya-from-the-tiger-franchise-have-a-crossover-56730.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Rubina Vs Zoya! Deepika Padukone, Katrina Kaif to headline YRF spy universe film? Pathaan writer hints |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010105457/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=Tiger, Pathaan, Kabir, Zoya, Rubai could be seen together in future spy films, teases writer Shridhar Raghavan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tiger-pathaan-kabir-zoya-rubai-could-be-seen-together-in-future-spy-films-teases-writer-shridhar-raghavan-101675328057002.html |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152139/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tiger-pathaan-kabir-zoya-rubai-could-be-seen-together-in-future-spy-films-teases-writer-shridhar-raghavan-101675328057002.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Kabir ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Kabir
| franchise =
| first = ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019)
| last = ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
| creator = [[Siddharth Anand]] Shridhar Raghavan [[Abbas Tyrewala]] [[Aditya Chopra]]
| portrayer = [[Hrithik Roshan]]
| gender = Male
| affiliation = [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW) [[Indian Army]]
| occupation = RAW agent [[Indian Army]] Major
| significant_other = Kavya Luthra
| nationality = Indian
| home = [[Delhi]]
| full_name = Kabir Dhaliwal
| title = [[Major (India)|Major]]
| image = Kabir (YRF Spy Universe).jpg
| caption = Kabir in ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
| children = Ruhi
}}
'''[[Major (rank)|Major]] Kabir Dhaliwal''' is a RAW agent and former soldier, portrayed by [[Hrithik Roshan]]. He is first introduced in ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' and is initially believed to have gone rogue. However, it is later revealed that he is on a [[covert mission]] to stop a terrorist organization. He is the former mentor of Khalid and Saurabh, the latter of whom turned rogue. Despite being unmarried, he is the legal guardian to Ruhi, the daughter of his deceased partner, Naina. He is one of three main agents in the universe, along with Tiger and Pathaan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-03 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Will Shah Rukh Khan's Pathaan, Hrithik Roshan's Kabir unite in the future? Siddharth Anand reveals |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-will-shah-rukh-khans-pathaan-hrithik-roshans-kabir-unite-in-the-future-siddharth-anand-reveals-1208090 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328124834/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-will-shah-rukh-khans-pathaan-hrithik-roshans-kabir-unite-in-the-future-siddharth-anand-reveals-1208090 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=EXCLUSIVE: 'John Abraham's character warrants a prequel': Siddharth Anand on Pathaan, War 2 and Spy Universe |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-john-abrahams-character-warrants-a-prequel-siddharth-anand-on-pathaan-war-2-and-spy-universe-1207833 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152147/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-john-abrahams-character-warrants-a-prequel-siddharth-anand-on-pathaan-war-2-and-spy-universe-1207833 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> He was trained by Colonel Sunil Luthra and considered him as a father figure.

In his childhood, he became an orphan and befriended a boy named Raghu. The two became pickpockets, eventually ending up in a juvenile detention centre. One day, there are visited by Luthra who motivates them to join the Army. While Kabir gets selected, Raghu does not leading to him escaping in retaliation.

In his second mission, he infiltrates the Kali, a global syndicate that aims to control the Indian government. Agent Vikram Chelapathi is assigned to eliminate him, however he learns of Vikram's true intentions and defeats him. However, he spares him and convinces him to help him finish off Kali. The two promise to work together under the shadows.

=== Pathaan ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Pathaan
| first = ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)
| last = ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023){{efn|name=Cameo Appearance|[[Cameo appearance]]}}
| creator = [[Aditya Chopra]] [[Siddharth Anand]] Shridhar Raghavan [[Abbas Tyrewala]]
| portrayer = [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| gender = Male
| affiliation = Joint Operations and Covert Research (J.O.C.R), [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (R&AW), [[Indian Army]] (former)
| occupation = R&AW agent
| significant_other = Rubina Mohsin
| nationality = Indian
| home =
| full_name = Pathaan
| image = Pathaan (YRF Spy Universe Character).jpg
| caption = Pathaan in ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)
}}
'''Pathaan''' is a [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent and former soldier portrayed by [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. He is first introduced in ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023). In 2002, during a joint mission in Afghanistan to take down a Taliban leader, Pathaan saved the lives of 30 children and an elderly teacher (an [[Afghans|Afghan]]/[[Pashtun]]) who gives him the name "Pathaan" for his bravery. He created Joint Operations and Covert Research (J.O.C.R), a sub-division of R&AW, that recruits Indian soldiers and agents who were forced to retire due to injury or emotional trauma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-03 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Will Shah Rukh Khan's Pathaan, Hrithik Roshan's Kabir unite in the future? Siddharth Anand reveals |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-will-shah-rukh-khans-pathaan-hrithik-roshans-kabir-unite-in-the-future-siddharth-anand-reveals-1208090 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328124834/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-will-shah-rukh-khans-pathaan-hrithik-roshans-kabir-unite-in-the-future-siddharth-anand-reveals-1208090 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=EXCLUSIVE: 'John Abraham's character warrants a prequel': Siddharth Anand on Pathaan, War 2 and Spy Universe |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-john-abrahams-character-warrants-a-prequel-siddharth-anand-on-pathaan-war-2-and-spy-universe-1207833 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152147/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-john-abrahams-character-warrants-a-prequel-siddharth-anand-on-pathaan-war-2-and-spy-universe-1207833 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Katrina Kaif aka Zoya drops a hint on Pathaan's 'Dangerous' mission; Deepika Padukone REACTS |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152140/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rubina "Rubai" Mohsin, a Pakistani [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] agent, is his love interest, whom he met during a mission in [[Spain]] and [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Rubina Vs Zoya! Deepika Padukone, Katrina Kaif to headline YRF spy universe film? Pathaan writer hints |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010105457/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-09 |title=Tiger 3: Did you know Shah Rukh Khan's scene with Salman Khan has taken 6 months of planning? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/tiger-3-did-you-know-shah-rukh-khans-scene-with-salman-khan-has-taken-6-months-of-planning-1211905 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152146/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/tiger-3-did-you-know-shah-rukh-khans-scene-with-salman-khan-has-taken-6-months-of-planning-1211905 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-29 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Hrithik Roshan to join Salman Khan and Shah Rukh Khan in Spy Universe after War 2 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-hrithik-roshan-join-salman-khan-and-shah-rukh-khan-spy-universe-after-war-2-1009047 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152141/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-hrithik-roshan-join-salman-khan-and-shah-rukh-khan-spy-universe-after-war-2-1009047 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is one of the three main agents in the universe, along with Tiger and Kabir.

=== Jim ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Jim
| franchise =
| first_major = [[Pathaan (film)|''Pathaan'']] (2023)
| creator = [[Siddharth Anand]] Shridhar Raghavan [[Abbas Tyrewala]]
| portrayer = [[John Abraham]]
| gender = Male
| occupation = [[Mercenary]]
| nationality = Indian
| affiliation = Outfit X [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW; former) [[Indian Army]] (former)
}}

'''Jim''' is the founder and leader of "Outfit X", a [[Private military company|private terrorist organisation]], portrayed by [[John Abraham]]. He is a former Indian RAW agent, who turned rogue after the Indian government refused to negotiate with [[Terrorism in Somalia|Somalian terrorists]] in exchange for him and his pregnant wife. As a result, he faked his own death, founded Outfit X and began looking for an opportunity to take revenge on India. In 2019, Jim was hired by General Qadir of the [[Pakistan Army]] to plan a biological attack via a deadly synthetic virus on India and other parts of [[South Asia]], locking horns with the agent Pathaan in the process.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/john-abraham-wants-aditya-chopra-to-tell-the-world-how-good-a-super-spy-jim-was-101675837623814.html|title=John Abraham hints at Pathaan prequel, says it'd be great if Aditya Chopra brought Jim back|date=February 8, 2023|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 November 2023|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004024727/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/john-abraham-wants-aditya-chopra-to-tell-the-world-how-good-a-super-spy-jim-was-101675837623814.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Tiger, Pathaan, Kabir, Zoya, Rubai could be seen together in future spy films, teases writer Shridhar Raghavan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tiger-pathaan-kabir-zoya-rubai-could-be-seen-together-in-future-spy-films-teases-writer-shridhar-raghavan-101675328057002.html |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152139/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tiger-pathaan-kabir-zoya-rubai-could-be-seen-together-in-future-spy-films-teases-writer-shridhar-raghavan-101675328057002.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rubina Mohsin, a Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence agent was also in his team but later turned against him and fought alongside Pathaan and his team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Rubina Vs Zoya! Deepika Padukone, Katrina Kaif to headline YRF spy universe film? Pathaan writer hints |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010105457/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Rubai ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Rubina Mohsin
| first_major = [[Pathaan (film)|''Pathaan'']] (2023)
| creator = [[Siddharth Anand]] Shridhar Raghavan [[Abbas Tyrewala]]
| portrayer = [[Deepika Padukone]]
| nickname = Rubai
| occupation = ISI agent Doctor (former)
| nationality = Pakistani
| gender = Female
| affiliation = [[Inter-Service Intelligence]]
| last_major =
| significant_other = Pathaan
| full_name = Rubina Mohsin
| lbl1 =
| data1 =
}}
'''Rubina Mohsin''', more commonly known by her nickname "'''Rubai'''", is a Pakistani ISI agent portrayed by [[Deepika Padukone]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Pathaan Movie Review: Shah Rukh Khan roars as this actioner has all ingredients of a BONAFIDE BLOCKBUSTER |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/pathaan-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-roars-as-this-actioner-has-all-ingredients-of-a-bonafide-blockbuster-1207166 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126123049/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/pathaan-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-roars-as-this-actioner-has-all-ingredients-of-a-bonafide-blockbuster-1207166 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-07 |title=YRF to unveil new 'spy universe' logo with Pathaan trailer |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yrf-to-unveil-new-spy-universe-logo-with-pathaan-trailer-1205785 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152140/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yrf-to-unveil-new-spy-universe-logo-with-pathaan-trailer-1205785 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After her father was arrested and tortured, she became a doctor in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Will Rubina from Pathaan and Zoya from the Tiger franchise have a crossover? |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/will-rubina-from-pathaan-and-zoya-from-the-tiger-franchise-have-a-crossover-56730.html |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002064142/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/will-rubina-from-pathaan-and-zoya-from-the-tiger-franchise-have-a-crossover-56730.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Later she joined the ISI but defected, joining Outfit X a private terrorist organisation, but soon joined Pathaan to stop Jim from spreading a deadly virus across South Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Rubina Vs Zoya! Deepika Padukone, Katrina Kaif to headline YRF spy universe film? Pathaan writer hints |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010105457/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/deepika-padukone-katrina-kaif-to-headline-yrf-spy-universe-film-pathaan-writer-shridhar-raghavan-hints-bollywood-news-article-98323641 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pathaan, an Indian RAW agent is her love interest, whom she had met in Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Tiger, Pathaan, Kabir, Zoya, Rubai could be seen together in future spy films, teases writer Shridhar Raghavan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tiger-pathaan-kabir-zoya-rubai-could-be-seen-together-in-future-spy-films-teases-writer-shridhar-raghavan-101675328057002.html |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152139/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tiger-pathaan-kabir-zoya-rubai-could-be-seen-together-in-future-spy-films-teases-writer-shridhar-raghavan-101675328057002.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Katrina Kaif aka Zoya drops a hint on Pathaan's 'Dangerous' mission; Deepika Padukone REACTS |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928152140/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/katrina-kaif-aka-zoya-drops-a-hint-on-pathaans-dangerous-mission-deepika-padukone-reacts-1207136 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Aatish ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Aatish Rehman
| franchise =
| first_major = [[Tiger 3]] (2023)
| creator = [[Maneesh Sharma]] Shridhar Raghavan [[Aditya Chopra]]
| portrayer = [[Emraan Hashmi]]
| gender = Male
| occupation = [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Deputy Director of ISI]]
| nationality = Pakistani
| affiliation = [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI; former)
| significant_other = Shaheen Baig
}}
'''Aatish Rehman''' is a former Pakistani [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Deputy Director]] of the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI), portrayed by [[Emraan Hashmi]]. He was a mentor to Zoya, and had in the past assigned his pregnant wife Shaheen, the task of killing an Indian [[General (India)|General]] who was to sign a [[peace treaty]] with Pakistan; but his plan was ruined when she was killed by Tiger. Wanting revenge from Tiger and Zoya, he kidnaps their son ''Junior'', and blackmails them to steal nuclear weapons codes and later frames them as traitors. He ultimately wants to bring [[Military coups in Pakistan|dictatorship in Pakistan]] by dismissing the [[Democracy in Pakistan|democratic government]] and assassinating the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]. His plans are later stopped by Tiger and his team.

=== Kavya ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Kavya Luthra
| franchise =
| first = ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
| last = –
| creator = [[Ayan Mukerji]] Shridhar Raghavan [[Abbas Tyrewala]] [[Aditya Chopra]]
| portrayer = [[Kiara Advani]]
| gender = Female
| affiliation = [[Indian Air Force]] [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW)
| occupation = Indian Air Force [[Wing Commander]] RAW agent
| significant_other = Kabir Dhaliwal
| nationality = Indian
}}

'''Kavya Luthra''' is a [[Wing commander|Wing Commander]] in the [[Indian Air Force]], played by [[Kiara Advani]]. She is the daughter of Colonel Sunil Luthra and was once the love interest of Kabir. She had proposed to Kabir but he had declined due to his commitments to RAW. After Colonel Luthra gets killed by Kabir, she wants to exact revenge, but later, after Kabir reveals his true intentions, they work together to take down Vikram. She later reconciles with Kabir.

=== Vikram ===
{{Infobox character
| name = Vikram
| franchise =
| image = Vikram (YRF Spy Universe).png
| caption = Vikram in ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
| first = ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
| last = –
| creator = [[Ayan Mukerji]] Shridhar Raghavan [[Abbas Tyrewala]] [[Aditya Chopra]]
| portrayer = [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]]
| nickname = Raghu
| gender = Male
| affiliation = [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW) [[Indian Army]]
| occupation = RAW agent [[Indian Army]] Major
| significant_other = Kabir Dhaliwal
| nationality = Indian
| full_name = Vikram Chelapathi
}}

'''[[Major (rank)|Major]] Vikram (Raghu) Chelapathi''' is a RAW agent played by [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|N. T. Rama Rao Jr]]. He is the childhood friend of Kabir, and had mentored him. They both became pickpockets and ended up in a juvenile detention centre. There, they are visited by Colonel Sunil Luthra who motivates them to join the Army. Vikram, however does not get selected, leading to him escaping in retaliation. He eventually joins the Army and becomes a member of Kali. His plans however are stopped by Kabir who defeats him. However, he reedems himself and helps Kabir eliminate the remaining members of the cartel. Although he is declared dead in India, he promises to work with Kabir in the shadows.

== Crew ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Occupation
! colspan="7" | Film
|-
! ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012)
! ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017)
! ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019)
! ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)
! ''[[Tiger 3]]'' (2023)
! ''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]'' (2025)
! ''Alpha'' (2026)
|-
! Director
| [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]
| [[Ali Abbas Zafar]]
| colspan=2|[[Siddharth Anand]]
| [[Maneesh Sharma]]
| [[Ayan Mukerji]]
| Shiv Rawail
|-
! Producer
| colspan="7" | [[Aditya Chopra]]
|-
!Co-Producer
| colspan="3" |{{Spaced en dash}}
| colspan="4" |Akshaye Widhani
|-
! Screenplay
| rowspan="2" |[[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] [[Neelesh Misra]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Ali Abbas Zafar]]
| [[Shridhar Raghavan]] [[Siddharth Anand]]
| colspan="4" | [[Shridhar Raghavan]]
|-
! Dialogues
| colspan="2" | [[Abbas Tyrewala]]
| Anckur Chaudhry
| Abbas Tyrewala
| [[Ishita Moitra]]
|-
! Story
| [[Aditya Chopra]]
| [[Ali Abbas Zafar]] [[Neelesh Misra]]
| [[Siddharth Anand]] Aditya Chopra
| Siddharth Anand
| colspan=2 | Aditya Chopra
| Shiv Rawail
|-
! Cinematography
| [[Aseem Mishra]]
| Marcin Laskawiec
| Benjamin Jasper
| Satchith Paulose
| [[Anay Goswamy]]
| Benjamin Jasper
| Rubais
|-
! Editor
| colspan="2" | [[Rameshwar S. Bhagat]]
| colspan="2" | Aarif Sheikh
| [[Rameshwar S. Bhagat]]
| colspan="2" | Aarif Sheikh
|-
! Composer
| [[Sohail Sen]] [[Sajid-Wajid]]
| colspan=3 | [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| colspan=2 | [[Pritam]]
| Aaishvary Thackeray
|-
! Lyricist(s)
| [[Neelesh Misra]] [[Anvita Dutt]] [[Kausar Munir]]
| [[Irshad Kamil]]
| colspan="2" | [[Kumaar]]
| [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] [[Irshad Kamil]]
| Amitabh Bhattacharya
| {{small|TBA}}
|-
! Background Score
| colspan="2" | [[Julius Packiam]]
| colspan="2" | [[Sanchit Balhara]] [[Ankit Balhara]]
| Tanuj Tiku
| colspan="2" | Sanchit Balhara Ankit Balhara
|-
! Costume Designers
| [[Alvira Khan Agnihotri]] Ashley Rebello Arun Chauhan Anoushka Veljee
| [[Alvira Khan Agnihotri]] Ashley Rebello Leepakshi Ellawadi
| [[Anaita Shroff Adajania]] Niharika Jolly
| Shaleena Nathani Mamta Anand Niharika Jolly
| Anaita Shroff Adajania Alvira Khan Agnihotri Ashley Rebello [[Darshan Jalan]]
| Anaita Shroff Adajania Niharika Jolly
| [[Aki Narula]] Natasha Vohra Gunpreet Kaur Mann Deepali Singh Raseen
|-
! Action Directors
| [[Conrad Palmisano]]
| Tom Struthers
| Paul Jennings Oh Se-Yeong Parvez Sheikh Franz Spilhaus
| Casey O'Neill Craig Macrae Sunil Rodrigues
| Franz Spilhaus Oh Se-Yeong Sunil Rodrigues
| Spiro Razatos Franz Spilhaus [[Anal Arasu]] Oh Se-Yeong Craig Macrae Sunil Rodrigues
| Craig Macrae Sunil Rodrigues
|-
! Choreographer(s)
| [[Vaibhavi Merchant]] [[Ahmed Khan (choreographer)|Ahmed Khan]]
| Vaibhavi Merchant
| [[Bosco-Caesar]] [[Tushar Kalia]]
| Bosco-Caesar Vaibhavi Merchant
| Vaibhavi Merchant
| Bosco Martis
| [[Vijay Ganguly]] Bosco Martis
|-
! Production Designer(s)
| Sukant Panigrahy
| Rajnish Hedao Snigdha Basu Sumit Basu
| colspan="2" | Rajat Poddar
| Mayur Sharma
| Rajat Poddar Amrita Mahal
| Subrata Chakraborty Amit Ray
|-
!Executive Producer(s)
| Aashish Singh
|{{Em dash}}
| colspan="2" | Padam Bhushan
| Sudhanshu Kumar Sanjay Shivalkar
| Sanjay Shivalkar
| Padam Bhushan
|-
!Associate Producer
|{{Em dash}}
|Aashish Singh
| colspan="2" |{{Em dash}}
| colspan="3" |Rishabh Chopra
|-
! Sound Designer(s)
| Debashish Mishra [[Dwarak Warrier]]
| Dileep Subramaniam Ganesh Gangadharan
| Pritam Das Ganesh Gangadharan
| Manas Choudhary Ganesh Gangadharan
| Pritam Das Ganesh Gangadharan
| Dileep Subramaniam Ganesh Gangadharan
| Debashish Mishra Ganesh Gangadharan
|-
! Line Producer(s)
| Yogendra Mogre
| Sudhanshu Kumar
| Amit Tomar Gurpreet Singh
| Keshav Purushot
| Navmeet Singh
| Gurpreet Singh
| {{small|TBA}}
|-
! Casting Director
| colspan="7" | Shanoo Sharma
|}

== Reception ==
=== Box office performance ===
{{hatnote|Each film is linked to the "Box office" section of its article.}}
The universe has been notable for its profit. ''Ek Tha Tiger'' and its follow-ups ''Tiger Zinda Hai'' and ''Tiger 3'' earned a combined profit of {{₹|1366.63 [[crore]]}}, according to ''[[International Business Times]]''.<ref name="boi-worldwide2"/><ref name="Gross2">{{cite web |title=Bollywood's Top Worldwide Earners |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office-verdict-bollywoods-top-worldwide-grossers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327103312/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office-verdict-bollywoods-top-worldwide-grossers/ |archive-date=27 March 2016 |access-date=15 October 2014 |publisher=Koimoi}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="text-align:centr;"| Film
! style="text-align:centr;"| Release date
! style="text-align:centr;"| Production budget
! style="text-align:centr;"| Box office gross revenue
! style="text-align:centr;"| {{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}}
|-
| ''[[Ek Tha Tiger#Box office|Ek Tha Tiger]]''
| 15 August 2012
|{{INRConvert|75|c|year=2012|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|335|c|year=2012|mode=historical}}||<ref>{{cite web |title=Ek Tha Tiger Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ek-tha-tiger/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 August 2012 |access-date=3 February 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118191714/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ek-tha-tiger/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="IBNLive.com">{{cite web|title=Ek Tha Tiger: It's Salman's show all the way|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ek-tha-tiger-its-salmans-show-all-the-way/282723-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818125111/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ek-tha-tiger-its-salmans-show-all-the-way/282723-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2012|publisher=IBNLive.com|access-date=16 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai#Box office|Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' || 22 December 2017 || {{INRConvert|130|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || {{INRConvert|565|c|year=2017|mode=historical}}||<ref name="boi-worldwide">{{cite news |title=Top Worldwide Figures – All Formats And Hindi |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4396 |work=[[Box Office India]] |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091327/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4396 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Zinda Hai (2017)|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=tigerzindahai.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=25 February 2018|archive-date=6 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706001646/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=tigerzindahai.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[War (2019 film)#Box office|War]]''||2 October 2019||{{INRConvert|170|c|year=2019|mode=historical}}|| {{INRConvert|475.62|c|year=2019|mode=historical}}||<ref name="hr">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war/box-office/|title=War Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=2 October 2019|access-date=29 November 2019|archive-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715070700/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pathaan (film)#Box office|Pathaan]]''
| 25 January 2023
| {{INRConvert|250|c|year=2023|mode =historical}}
| {{INRConvert|1050.50|c|year=2023|mode=historical}}
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Pathaan Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pathaan/box-office/ |access-date=21 February 2023 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084819/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pathaan/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="budget">{{Cite news |last=Kanabar |first=Nirali |date=25 January 2023 |title=How much did it cost to make Pathaan plus Deepika Padukone and John Abraham's acting fees, find out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/how-much-did-it-cost-to-make-pathaan-plus-deepika-padukone-and-john-abrahams-acting-fees-find-out-exclusive-2326261-2023-01-25 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=29 January 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129104654/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/how-much-did-it-cost-to-make-pathaan-plus-deepika-padukone-and-john-abrahams-acting-fees-find-out-exclusive-2326261-2023-01-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tiger 3#Box office|Tiger 3]]''
| 12 November 2023
|{{INRConvert|280|c|year=2023|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|466.63|c|year=2023|mode=historical}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 November 2023|title=Tiger 3 Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-3/box-office/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=27 November 2023|archive-date=25 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125153404/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-3/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[War 2 (film)#Box office|War 2]]''
| 14 August 2025
|{{INRConvert|300|c|year=2025}}–{{INRConvert|400|c|year=2025}}
|{{INRConvert|303|c|year=2025}}–{{INRConvert|351|c|year=2025}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=War 2 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war-2/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 August 2025 |access-date=15 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2025-07-26 |title=WAR 2 is India's most EXPENSIVE spy thriller at Rs. 400 crores; NTR Jr. paid Rs. 70 cr. while Hrithik walks away with Rs. 50 crores plus profits! : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/war-2-indias-expensive-spy-thriller-rs-400-crores-ntr-jr-paid-rs-70-cr-hrithik-walks-away-rs-50-crores-plus-profits/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-26 |title=Hrithik Roshan joins Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, and Aamir Khan in YRF profit-sharing deal; earns Rs 50 crore for War 2: REPORT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hrithik-roshan-joins-shah-rukh-khan-salman-khan-and-aamir-khan-in-yrf-profit-sharing-deal-earns-rs-50-crore-for-war-2-report/articleshow/122924959.cms |access-date=2025-07-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| {{pending film|Alpha}}
| 10 July 2026
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:centr;" | Total
! style="text-align:centr;" | {{INRConvert|1205|c}}–{{INRConvert|1305|c}}
! style="text-align:centr;" | {{INRConvert|3195.75|c}}–{{INRConvert|3243.75|c}}
!
|}

===Critical response===
{{hatnote|Each film is linked to the "Critical response" section of its article.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Film
![[Rotten Tomatoes]]
|-
|''[[Ek Tha Tiger#Critical response|Ek Tha Tiger]]''
|75% (5.9/10 average rating) (16 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ek Tha Tiger {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ek_tha_tiger |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tiger Zinda Hai#Critical response|''Tiger Zinda Hai'']]
|64% (6.1/10 average rating) (14 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger Zinda Hai {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tiger_zinda_hai |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[War (2019 film)#Critical response|War]]''
|67% (5.3/10 average rating) (18 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=War (2019) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/war_2019 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pathaan (film)#Critical response|Pathaan]]''
|82% (6.9/10 average rating) (34 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pathaan {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pathaan |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tiger 3#Critical response|Tiger 3]]''
|52% (5.9/10 average rating) (22 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger 3 (2023) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tiger_3_2023 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]''
||
30% (5/10 average rating) (22 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=War 2 {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/war_2 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

====''Ek Tha Tiger'' (2012)====
{{Main|Ek Tha Tiger}}

In India, there was praise for the film's [[Feminist film theory|feminist themes]], with Marjolaine Gout noting the film is "a roaring, visual, comic feast where the damsel in distress fights back", giving ''Ek Tha Tiger'' 3.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gout |first=Marjolaine |title=Ek Tha Tiger review |url=http://www.ecranlarge.com/movie_review-read-31772-164361.php |language=fr |publisher=Ecranlarge.com/Digiside |date=20 August 2012 |access-date=21 April 2013 |archive-date=1 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801121524/http://www.ecranlarge.com/movie_review-read-31772-164361.php |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] of the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' also commended the feminist themes, saying "it's such a pleasure to see a Hindi film heroine not [be] a [[damsel in distress]]", while also praising the film's action sequences, giving ''Ek Tha Tiger'' 3 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anupama Chopra's review: Ek Tha Tiger|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-ek-tha-tiger/story-01h3jMcHHxROFeVsJ9EIaK.html|first=Anupama|last=Chopra|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=16 August 2012|access-date=18 February 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218151750/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-ek-tha-tiger/story-01h3jMcHHxROFeVsJ9EIaK.html|url-status=live}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

Jahanavi Samant of ''[[Mid-Day]]'' gave the film the same rating and criticised its tone as being inconsistent, with "''Ek Tha Tiger'' [being] unable to decide whether it is spy action or a love saga".<ref>{{cite web|title=Meow goes the Tiger|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/aug/150812-Bollywood-Movie-Review-Ek-Tha-Tiger.htm|author=Janhavi Samant|work=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=18 February 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218151753/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/aug/150812-Bollywood-Movie-Review-Ek-Tha-Tiger.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Ronnie Scheib of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' gave a positive review, praising the performances of the leads and film's production aesthetic, noting "Kaif impresses in her action-heroine debut, while Salman Khan's thinking-on-his-feet immediacy adds depth to his usual macho muscle. Local audiences will no doubt derive a special thrill from the onscreen reunion of stars Khan and Kaif, [with] Aseem Mishra's gorgeous location lensing".<ref>{{cite web |last=SCHEIB |first=RONNIE |title=Ek Tha Tiger review |date=18 August 2012 |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117948076/ |publisher=variety |access-date=18 August 2012}}</ref>

====''Tiger Zinda Hai'' (2017)====
{{Main|Tiger Zinda Hai}}

''Tiger Zinda Hai'' opened to mostly positive reviews.<ref name="BT">{{cite web |title=Tiger Zinda Hai Box Office Collection: Will Salman Khan-Katrina Kaif deliver 2017's biggest hit? |url=http://m.businesstoday.in/story/salman-khan-katrina-kaif-tiger-zinda-hai-blockbuster-hit-2017-bollywood-waiting-for/1/266572.html |website=m.businesstoday.in |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518015955/https://m.businesstoday.in/story/salman-khan-katrina-kaif-tiger-zinda-hai-blockbuster-hit-2017-bollywood-waiting-for/1/266572.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave 4.5 stars, and said "Salman is the lifeline, the real treasure of ''Tiger Zinda Hai''. He sinks his teeth into the character and, in several sequences, peels off the mask of super-stardom and brings the actor to the fore. Katrina is in solid form, in action sequences specifically commands attention."{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film/film-review-tiger-zinda-hai-1.689773|title=Film review: Tiger Zinda Hai|work=The National|access-date=25 December 2017|archive-date=25 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203152/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/film-review-tiger-zinda-hai-1.689773|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lasyapriya Sundaram of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 stars, and said "The film is visually stunning in parts and Salman Khan plays Tiger with roaring confidence and dialogues packed with punch. Of course, his fans get a true-blue Salman Khan moment when he bares his torso."<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/tiger-zinda-hai/movie-review/62206437.cms|title=Tiger Zinda Hai Review {3.5/5}: This Tiger is alive and kicking|website=The Times of India|access-date=25 December 2017}}</ref> Rachit Gupta of [[Filmfare]] gave 3.5 stars, and said "It may look like a Hollywood action thriller, but at its heart, ''Tiger Zinda Hai'' is an unabashed masala movie. The heady mixture of an international-looking action film and the regular tropes of Hindi cinema make it a pleasing watch."<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/tiger-zinda-hai-movie-review-slick-and-smart-25773.html|title=Movie Review: Tiger Zinda Hai|work=filmfare.com|access-date=25 December 2017|archive-date=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226020812/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/tiger-zinda-hai-movie-review-slick-and-smart-25773.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== ''War'' (2019) ====
{{Main|War (2019 film)}}

Anupama Chopra said,"''War'' is a popcorn entertainer and you can't ask too many questions but if you're willing to suspend disbelief, the twists and turns exert a solid grip."{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} A writer for [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave the film 4 stars, and said "''War'' is an action entertainer which has style as well as enough twists and turns to keep the viewers engrossed. At the box office, the extended weekend, dazzling action, stunning international locales and stylish execution will ensure mammoth footfalls for the film".{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} [[Taran Adarsh]] gave it four stars out of five and called the film "[e]scapist cinema at its best".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1179638848982093825 |title=#OneWordReview... #War: BLOCKBUSTER. Escapist cinema at its best... Aces: Hrithik and Tiger's power-packed act and chemistry + dazzling action pieces + stunning visual appeal + ample thrills, twists, suspense... Dear BO, get ready for the typhoon. #WarReviewpic.twitter.com/iHGtaSk8cl |last=adarsh |first=taran |date=2 October 2019 |website=@taran_adarsh |language=en |access-date=3 October 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003061013/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1179638848982093825 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Komal Nahta]] of ''Film Information'' opined, "The film could prove to be the starting of a new franchise for the Yash Raj Films banner".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/war-2-october-2019/ |title='WAR' {{!}} 2 October 2019 |work=Film Information |date=2 October 2019 |language=en-US |access-date=3 October 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003044604/https://filminformation.com/featured/war-2-october-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Writing for ''[[India TV]]'', Sonal gave the film 3.5 stars, writing, "Hrithik Roshan, Tiger Shroff of Abbas-Mustan kinda twists, turns, characters, situations, logic, gravity, physics, chemistry, and some Ekta Kapoor-esque tricks all tossed together to make a visually spectacular concoction".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/war-movie-review-hrithik-roshan-tiger-shroff-477 |title=War movie review: Hrithik Roshan, Tiger Shroff's film is a flawed spectacle. |website=IndiaTV |date=2 October 2019 |access-date=18 February 2022 |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218151750/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/war-movie-review-hrithik-roshan-tiger-shroff-477 |url-status=live }}</ref>''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it three stars out of five and felt the film had "lot of style, stunts and show, but lacking a solid storyline".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/war/movie-review/71404578.cms|title=War Movie Review {3/5}: Lot of style, stunts and show, but lacks a solid storyline|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>

==== ''Pathaan'' (2023) ====
{{Main|Pathaan (film)}}

[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] rated the film 4.5 out of 5 stars and termed the film "complete entertainer replete with action, emotions, patriotism, humour, thrill, and of course, the star power of Shah Rukh Khan."<ref>{{cite web|title=Pathaan Movie Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pathaan/critic-review/pathaan-movie-review/pathaan-is-a-complete-entertainer-replete-with-action-emotions-patriotism-humour-thrill-and-of-course-star-power/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 January 2023|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125063345/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/movie/pathaan/critic-review/pathaan-movie-review/pathaan-is-a-complete-entertainer-replete-with-action-emotions-patriotism-humour-thrill-and-of-course-star-power/|url-status=live}}{{rating|4.5|5}}</ref> Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff]]'' gave the film a rating of 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "Shah Rukh Khan's weathered intensity, grizzly charisma and trademark wit lends ''Pathaan''<nowiki/>'s all-out, devil-may-care antics a sense of purpose that evades mindless acts of mayhem".<ref>{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Pathaan Review: Shah Rukh Wows And How! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/pathaan-review/20230125.htm |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=January 25, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125090704/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/pathaan-review/20230125.htm |url-status=live }}{{rating|4|5}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and stated that the film is a "visual spectacle" and termed action choreography is "truly out of this world".<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |title=Pathaan Movie Review |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/pathaan-movie-review-56593.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=January 25, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125111855/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/pathaan-movie-review-56593.html |url-status=live }}{{rating|4|5}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and said that the film swings and strikes with all the "style" and "aplomb" in the world.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author-link=Saibal Chatterjee |title=Pathaan Review: Shah Rukh Khan Doesn't Miss A Trick In Phenomenally Entertaining Spy Thriller |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pathaan-review-shah-rukh-khan-doesnt-miss-a-trick-in-phenomenally-entertaining-spy-thriller-3722920 |access-date=25 January 2023 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=January 25, 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125085635/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pathaan-review-shah-rukh-khan-doesnt-miss-a-trick-in-phenomenally-entertaining-spy-thriller-3722920 |url-status=live }}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

Renuka Vyavahare of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Pathaan'' has all the ingredients of a masala potboiler — slowmo entries, iconic battle of good versus bad and most importantly a sexy-smouldering Shah Rukh Khan, who can fight the good fight on and off the screen".<ref>{{cite news|title=Pathaan Movie Review : An entertaining globetrotting spy thriller that's massy, messy and outlandish|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pathaan/movie-review/97298218.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126103533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pathaan/movie-review/97298218.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Himesh Mankad of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and termed it as "tentpole event film" which has right amount of action, thrill, emotion and drama.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pathaan Movie Review: Shah Rukh Khan roars as this actioner has all ingredients of a BONAFIDE BLOCKBUSTER|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/pathaan-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-roars-as-this-actioner-has-all-ingredients-of-a-bonafide-blockbuster-1207166%3famp|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126123050/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/pathaan-movie-review-shah-rukh-khan-roars-as-this-actioner-has-all-ingredients-of-a-bonafide-blockbuster-1207166?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====''Tiger 3'' (2023)====
{{Main|Tiger 3}}

[[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film 4/5 stars and wrote "Tiger 3 is the biggest dhamaka you can expect this Diwali" praised the second half and performances of Khan, Kaif and Hashmi and appreciated the cameo of Shahrukh Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taran Adarsh Review |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1723563870634319958 |access-date=November 21, 2023 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121181238/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1723563870634319958 |url-status=live }}</ref> Himesh Mankad of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote "''Tiger 3'' rides hugely mounted action sequences backed with power performances by Khan, Kaif and Hashmi. While pacing is an issue at some places, the core plot has enough of an emotional connect to keep you glued on the big screen. The film is an action-packed entertainer that has all the ingredients to emerge as Khan’s highest grosser till date."<ref>{{cite news |last=Mankad |first=Himesh |title=Tiger 3 Movie Review: It's a Salman Khan, & Katrina Kaif show in this action thriller driven by story |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/tiger-3-movie-review-its-a-salman-khan-katrina-kaif-show-in-this-action-thriller-driven-by-story-1258068 |access-date=13 November 2023 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=12 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112134014/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/tiger-3-movie-review-its-a-salman-khan-katrina-kaif-show-in-this-action-thriller-driven-by-story-1258068 |url-status=live }}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

Ronak Kotecha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars and wrote "''Tiger 3'' qualifies as a good addition to the franchise with enough ammo for mass entertainment."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/tiger-3/movie-review/105162273.cms|title=Tiger 3 Movie Review: Salman And Katina's Powerful Punches Save This Formulaic Spy Thriller|website=The Times of India|access-date=12 November 2023|archive-date=7 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207112431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/tiger-3/movie-review/105162273.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> Zinia Bandyopadhyay of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Despite an overcrowded spy universe, ''Tiger 3'' manages to hold his own ground. Khan fans won’t be disappointed, but someone give Kaif a Zoya series pronto!"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/tiger-3-review-salman-khan-katrina-kaif-emraan-hashmi-2461948-2023-11-12|title='Tiger 3' Review: Emraan roars loudest in the Salman-Katrina action extravagance|website=India Today|date=12 November 2023 |access-date=12 November 2023|archive-date=12 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112135028/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/tiger-3-review-salman-khan-katrina-kaif-emraan-hashmi-2461948-2023-11-12|url-status=live}}</ref>

====''War 2'' (2025)====
{{Main|War 2 (film)}}

Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India|The Times Of India]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, calling it "strictly watchable, only for the action and spectacle".<ref>{{Cite web |title=War 2 Movie Review: The actioner has a licence to thrill but struggles to keep the momentum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/war-2/movie-review/123302588.cms |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Kusumika Das from ''[[Times Now]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars. She praised the performances, action sequences, and dialogues but noted that the film struggled in the second half due to a slower pace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War 2 Movie Review: Hrithik Roshan Dominates, Jr NTR Impresses In Ayan Mukerji's Twisted Yet Slow Spy Thriller |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/war-2-review-hrithik-roshan-jr-ntr-kiara-advani-starrer-war-2-movie-review-rating-review-152462218 |access-date=14 August 2025 |website=[[Times Now]] |date=14 August 2025 }}</ref> Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and noted that the film had endless conversations and combats that barely served any purpose.<ref>{{Cite web |title='War 2' Movie Review: Hrithik Roshan and Junior NTR lose the war to a tedious sequel |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/war-2-movie-review-hrithik-roshan-and-junior-ntr-lose-the-war-to-a-tedious-sequel-13924628.html |access-date=2025-08-14 |website=Firstpost |date=14 August 2025 |language=en-us}}</ref>

Rishabh Suri of [[Hindustan Times|''Hindustan Times'']] gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, criticising the screenplay and soundtrack, but praising the action sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-14 |title=War 2 movie review: Hrithik Roshan, NTR Jr try to light up the screen, while plot goes on vacation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/war-2-movie-review-hrithik-roshan-ntr-jr-try-to-light-up-the-screen-while-plot-goes-on-vacation-101755163606225.html |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Radhika Sharma of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "The sequel takes the viewers on a journey to at least 10 countries, stuffing episodes from at least six of them in the post credis".<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2025 |title=War 2 Review: Hrithik Roshan And Jr NTR Fight For India On World Tour In Sholay Lite |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/war-2-movie-review-hrithik-roshan-and-jr-ntr-fight-for-india-on-world-tour-in-sholay-lite-9083822 |access-date=21 August 2025 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Mayur Sanap of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing "''War 2'' offers you exactly what you’d expect from a mass entertainer: some escapist fun, truly knockout action scenes, and overall, a good time at the movies".<ref>{{Cite web |last=SANAP |first=MAYUR |title=War 2 Review: Well-Made Masala Film |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/war-2-review/20250814.htm |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

==Other media==
===Graphic novels===
* A graphic novel titled ''Ek Tha Tiger: Mahasagar Ki Suraksha'' (English: ''Ek Tha Tiger: Saving The High Seas'') was published in 2012 by [[Yomics]]. Post-release, the comic failed to generate positive word-of-mouth. Joginder Tuteja of [[Bollywood Hungama]] commended the comics' design but said that the main story failed to meet his expectations of a deeper plot, exciting narrative, and a tighter script.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3809 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813025731/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3809 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 August 2012 |title=Comic book Review: Ek Tha Tiger – Dhoom Redux 893 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref>
* Another graphic novel named ''Ek Tha Tiger: Caught In The Web'' has been published in 2012 by Yomics, which also features some ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' characters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://yomics.in/Comics/9/Ek-Tha-Tiger-New |title=Comic On Sale - Ek Tha Tiger New Series |access-date=21 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112212115/http://yomics.in/Comics/9/Ek-Tha-Tiger-New |archive-date=12 November 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Games===
* ''Ek tha Tiger'' and ''Tiger the Bhai'', two [[Action video game|action]] [[mobile video game]]s developed by [[Zapak]], were released as [[tie-in]]s for [[Ek Tha Tiger|the 2012 film]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phoneky.com/games/?id=j4j63435|title=Ek Tha Tiger Java Game - Download for free on PHONEKY|access-date=29 January 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129150606/https://phoneky.com/games/?id=j4j63435|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Being SalMan: The Official Game'', a 3D action mobile video game developed by Playizzon, was released in 2016. It featured characters portrayed by Khan, including [[Tiger (YRF Spy Universe)|Tiger]], [[Chulbul Pandey]] from the [[Dabangg (film series)|''Dabangg'' franchise]], and [[Prem Dilwale]] from ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Khan Launches 'Being SalMan' Game |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/salman-khan-launches-being-salman-game-watch-teaser-now/ |website=Koimoi |date=28 August 2016 |access-date=29 September 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002065310/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/salman-khan-launches-being-salman-game-watch-teaser-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
*[[Dhoom (franchise)|Dhoom (film series)]]
*[[Race (film series)]]
*[[Cop Universe]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/list/ls564541710/ ''YRF Spy Universe''] as [[IMDb]]
* [https://www.britannica.com/art/YRF-Spy-Universe YRF Spy Universe] at the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''

{{YRF Spy Universe}}

[[Category:Yash Raj Films]]
[[Category:Film series introduced in 2012]]
[[Category:Shared universes]]
[[Category:Indian shared universes]]
[[Category:Indian film series]]
[[Category:Spy film series]]
[[Category:Films about the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:Action film franchises]]
[[Category:Thriller film series]]
[[Category:Films adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Fictional universes]]

Shafiqur Rahman

2026-03-27T21:58:46Z

TheronShifflett: update references also and fixed typos

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shafiqur Rahman
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable#Bangladesh|The Honourable]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|MP]]
| native_name = {{nobold|শফিকুর রহমান}}
| image = Shafiqur Rahman 2026.jpg
| alt = Ameer of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
| caption = Rahman in 2026
| office = 8th [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| prime_minister = [[Tarique Rahman]]
| deputy = [[Syed Abdullah Muhammad Taher]]
| term_start = 17 February 2026
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[GM Quader]]
| successor =
| office1 = 4th [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami#Leadership|Ameer of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]]
| 1blankname1 = Secretary-General
| 1namedata1 = [[Mia Golam Parwar]]
| term_start1 = 12 November 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Maqbul Ahmed]]
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency2 = [[Dhaka-15]]
| term_start2 = 17 February 2026
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Kamal Ahmed Majumder]]
| office3 = 6th [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami#Secretary Generals|Secretary-General of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]]
| 3blankname3 = Ameer
| 3namedata3 = {{ubl|[[Motiur Rahman Nizami]]|[[Maqbul Ahmed]]}}
| term_start3 = 2011
| term_end3 = 2019
| predecessor3 = [[ATM Azharul Islam]]
| successor3 = Mia Golam Parwar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|10|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Bhatera, [[Kulaura Upazila|Kulaura]], [[Moulvibazar District|Moulvibazar]], [[Sylhet]], East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] {{small|(1984–present)}}
| other_party = [[11 Party Alliance]] {{small|(2025–present)}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ameena Begum (politician)|Ameena Begum]]|1985}}
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College]]
| occupation = Politician
| profession = {{ubl|Physician|Businessman}}
| signature =
| website = {{URL|https://www.dr-shafiqurrahman.info/|dr-shafiqurrahman.info}}
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Organization
| data1 = {{ubl|[[Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir]] {{small|(1977–1984)}}|[[Bangladesh Chhatra League (Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal)|JaSaD Chhatra League]] {{small|(1973–1975)}}}}
}}

'''Shafiqur Rahman''' ({{langx|bn|শফিকুর রহমান|Śôfikur Rôhmān}}; born 31 October 1958) is a Bangladeshi politician and [[physician]] who has been serving as the [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]] since February 2026 and as the ameer ([[party leader]]) of the [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] since 2019.

Born in [[Kulaura Upazila|Kulaura]], Rahman joined politics in student life by affiliating with the JaSaD Chhatra League in 1973, followed by the [[Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir]] in 1977. After graduation, he joined the Sylhet District unit of Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1984. Following [[ATM Azharul Islam]]'s detention in 2011, he became the acting secretary-general of the party. In 2019, he was elected as the ameer of the party.

Rahman is known for his [[Moderatism|moderate]] position as a leader of an [[Islamism|Islamist]] party. However, some of his remarks have become a topic of controversy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-10 |title=Jamaat accuses Reuters of misreporting Shafiqur Rahman's 'hacked post' |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/politics/jamaat-accuses-reuters-misreporting-shafiqur-rahmans-hacked-post-1357661 |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamaat ameer clarifies party’s position on women amid social media controversy |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/402301/jamaat-ameer-clarifies-party%E2%80%99s-position-on-women |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Rahman was born on 31 October 1958 in Bhatera Union under [[Kulaura Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]]. His father's name is Abru Mia and mother's name is Khatibun. He is the third son of his family. Rahman passed [[Secondary School Certificate|SSC]] from Baramachal High School in 1974, then he passed [[Higher Secondary Certificate|HSC]] from [[Murari Chand College]] in [[Sylhet]] in 1976. He got [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] degree from [[Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College]] in 1983.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/364590/%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95 |script-title=bn:ঢাকা-১৫ আসনে নির্বাচন করতে চান জামায়াত সেক্রেটারি ডা: শফিক |work=[[Daily Naya Diganta]] |language=bn |access-date=12 November 2019 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112194215/http://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/364590/%25E0%25A6%25A2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE-%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AB-%25E0%25A6%2586%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%2587-%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25A8-%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%2587-%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8-%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4-%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF-%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BE-%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Political career==
Shafiqur Rahman started his political career by joining JaSaD Chhatra League, the [[student wing]] of [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]] (JaSaD) in 1973.<ref name="j">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jamaat-e-islami.org/article-details.php?category=29&article=552 |script-title=bn:আমীরে জামায়াত ডা. শফিকুর রহমান এর সংক্ষিপ্ত জীবন বৃত্তান্ত |language=bn |accessdate=27 October 2022 |website=[[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027141704/https://www.jamaat-e-islami.org/article-details.php?category=29&article=552 |url-status=live}}</ref> He is one of the several leaders of the Jamaat-e-Islami who were affiliated with the organization when the party was banned. Though he claimed that his affiliation with the organization was the part of a "wave" when a large number of youth joined the leftist organizations opposing the policies of ruling [[Awami League]], critics claim that this was a part of the "hideout" policy of many Jamaat-e-Islami supporters to prevent persecution. The ''[[BBC Bangla]]'' admitted the difficulties of verifying the claim as the period was turbulent for JaSaD Chhatra League also and no record was kept by the organization then for security reasons. However, leader of his college committee of JaSaD Chhatra League argued that Rahman was simply a supporter of the organization, not any worker or leader.<ref name="bbcbangla">{{cite web|title=জামায়াতের আমির শফিকুর রহমান গোপনেই 'ইসলামপন্থি' সংগঠনের দেখা পেয়েছিলেন|trans-title=Ameer of Jamaat Shafiqur Rahman had found the "Islamist" organization secretly|url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/cvgp1442202o|website=[[BBC Bangla]]|date=11 February 2026|language=bn}}</ref>

He left the JaSaD Chhatra League in 1975. He expressed his dismay with the organization for their claimed criminal activities. He also claimed that during the time, he found a secret [[Islamist]] group in his student hall and got affiliated with them.<ref name="bbcbangla" /> As he stated: {{quote|While I was in MC College, I saw that they (JaSaD Chhatra League) had started robbing banks again. They had started robbing police stations and weapons and had started various kinds of misdeeds. Then I got disgusted with them too. I went off for a few days, but I knew something about them. My life was in danger because of this information. [...] Finally, ''[[Alhamdulillah]]'', by the grace of [[God in Islam|Allah]], I realized that the people in the room where I was staying were members of an Islamic organization. But they kept it a secret. They were very secretive. Later, I came to know that they were with an Islamic student organization. I asked them and accepted their invitation.<ref name="bbcbangla" />}}

He joined [[Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir|Islami Chhatra Shibir]], the male student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami in 1977. While he was studying in medical college, he became president of the local Chhatra Shibir medical branch and later the [[Sylhet District]] branch of Chhatra Shibir. In 1984, He joined Jamaat-e-Islami. Later, he served as the Ameer of Sylhet unit of the party.<ref name="bbcbangla" /><ref name="tbs" />

In 2010, he became the assistant secretary-general at the central committee of the party. After [[ATM Azharul Islam]], the acting secretary-general, was arrested for the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|war crimes trial]] in 2011, he was declared the acting secretary-general on 19 September 2011. In 2016, he took over as secretary-general, which he held until 2019.<ref name="bbcbangla" /><ref name="tbs">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/news/shafiqur-elected-jamaats-ameer-1826272 |title=Shafiqur elected Jamaat's Ameer |date=12 November 2019 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref>

===Ameer of Jamaat-e-Islami (2019–present)===
[[File:Bangladesh Jamaat e Islami Delegation Meeting Muhammad Yunus Dhaka 2025-05-24 (PID-0001748).jpg|thumb|Rahman meeting with the [[Chief Adviser of Bangladesh|chief adviser]] [[Muhammad Yunus]], 24 May 2025]]
Shafiqur Rahman was elected as the ameer of Jamaat-e-Islami in 2018, succeeding [[Maqbul Ahmed]].<ref name="tbs" /> He was elected by the direct votes of ''rukon'' (full members) of the party. He was reelected on 2023 and 2025. He led the party during a period of persecution by the ruling Awami League government.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/politics/no-party-suffered-jamaat-amir-shafiqur-rahman-967396 |title=No party suffered like Jamaat: Ameer Shafiqur Rahman |date=15 October 2024 |access-date=11 February 2026 |work=[[The Business Standard]]}}</ref> As the leader of the party, he has been credited for moving it away from its traditional "mantle" and opening the party to and attracting variety of politicians, religious minorities and the [[Mukti Bahini|freedom fighters]].<ref name="bbcbangla" /> Bangladeshi political analyst Altaf Parvez credited Rahman for the ideological reformation and political transformation of the party. He also noted how Rahman worked to expand female participation and international engagement of the party.<ref>{{cite web|first=Altaf|last=Parvez|title=জামায়াতের আমির শফিকুর রহমান আর কত দূর এগোবেন|trans-title=How far Ameer of Jamaat Shafiqur Rahman will go ahead|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/opinion/column/ptqz7h6szc|website=[[Prothom Alo]]|access-date=27 February 2026|language=bn}}</ref>

== Political positions ==
According to the political analyst Saleh Uddin Ahmad, Rahman is comparatively "moderate" and "changeable" than previous ameers of the Jamaat-e-Islami. Ahmed attributed this to Rahman's educational background and his former affiliation with the JaSaD, a left-wing party.<ref name="salehuddinahmad" />

Rahman supported the rights of religious minorities of the country. He took initiative to protect the lives and the properties of minorities, visited [[Hindu temples]], and called to nominate Hindu candidates from his party.<ref name="salehuddinahmad">{{cite news |first=Saleh Uddin |last=Ahmad |script-title=bn:বিএনপি ও জামায়াত কে কোন ফ্যাক্টরে এগিয়ে |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/opinion/column/29qk41p9t1 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |type=Opinion |date=31 October 2025 |language=bn}}</ref> He also supported and promised maintaining women's [[right to work]] outside and [[right to clothing|freedom of clothing]] if the party forms government.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:জামায়াতে কৌশল পরিবর্তন, নারী নেতাকর্মী প্রকাশ্যে |url=https://samakal.com/bangladesh/article/286058/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87 |work=[[Samakal]] |date=18 March 2025 |language=bn}}</ref>

However, Rahman has expressed opposition to female leadership in his party. In an interview with ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', he claimed that women's "physical difference" from the men restricts them to maternal duties. Moreover, he has frequently spoken about women's challenge of balancing professional duties and motherhood. He has even said that if his party forms government, those women who choose to stay at home instead of working outside will be rewarded by the government. He has indirectly encouraged women to withdraw from the workforce.<ref name="theguardian">{{cite web|first=Siam Sarower|last=Jamil|title=Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami's Election Doublespeak|url=https://thediplomat.com/2026/02/bangladesh-jamaat-e-islamis-election-doublespeak/|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 February 2026}}</ref> Additionally, he has advocated reducing female working hours from eight to five hours after the maternity leave with the "consent of mothers", with the rest of the working hours to be paid by the government; a move for which he has been criticized multiple times.<ref>{{cite web|title=নারীদের কর্মঘণ্টা কমানো হবে: জামায়াতের আমির|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/7g5gez8qwm|website=[[Prothom Alo]]|date=|language=bn}}</ref><ref name="theguardian" />

==Public image==
[[File:Tareque Rahman at Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami Iftar mahfil, Bangladesh-China Friendship Conference Center, Dhaka 2026-02-28.jpg|thumb|Rahman with the incumbent [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi prime minister]] [[Tarique Rahman]] at an [[iftar]] ceremony, 28 February 2026]]
During the Jamaat-e-Islami's campaign for the [[2026 Bangladeshi general election|2026 general election]], fan-made election campaign banners in different parts of Bangladesh depicting Rahman in a design inspired by the television series ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', accompanied by the phrase "Winter Is Coming", drew public attention.<ref>{{cite news |title=Posters modelled on Game of Thrones featuring Jamaat ameer in Chattogram intersections |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/et33ahyl92 |work=Prothom Alo |date=2 February 2026 |access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=From Westeros to Ctg: ‘Game of Thrones’-style banner of Jamaat chief sparks buzz in port city |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/westeros-ctg-game-thrones-style-banner-jamaat-chief-sparks-buzz-port-city-1350156 |work=The Business Standard |date=2 February 2026 |access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='উইন্টার ইজ কামিং': গেম অব থ্রোনস আবহে জামায়াত আমিরের ব্যানার নিয়ে তোলপাড় |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2026-02-02/y4tCF7VT |work=Somoy News |date=2 February 2026 |access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref>

According to an [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] report, Rahman is often addressed as "''Dadu''" (Grandfather) by his young supporters during the campaign. The report adds that his white beard, soft-spoken nature, and attentiveness to supporters align with this image.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Billah |first=Masum |date=2026-02-09 |title=Bangladesh’s Jamaat leader Shafiqur Rahman: The man everyone wants to meet |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2026/2/9/bangladeshs-jamaat-leader-shafiqur-rahman-the-man-everyone-wants-to-meet |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=[[Al Jazeera English]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Rahman was married on 5 January 1985 to [[Ameena Begum (politician)|Ameena Begum]]. She served as MP for a reserved seat in the [[2001 Bangladeshi general election]] in support of Jamaat-e-Islami. The couple have two daughters and one son.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dailysangram.com/?post=353245-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8 |script-title=bn:ঢাকা-১৫ আসন থেকে মনোনয়নপত্র সংগ্রহ করলেন ডা. শফিকুর রহমান |work=[[The Daily Sangram]] |language=bn |access-date=12 November 2019 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007030731/https://www.dailysangram.com/?post=353245-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="j"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalbela.com/politics/116357#google_vignette%7C|script-title=bn:জাসদ ছাত্রলীগ থেকে যেভাবে জামায়াতের আমির হলেন ডা. শফিকুর রহমান |work=[[Daily Kalbela]]|date=29 August 2024}}</ref> He claimed that one of his cousin was a martyred [[Mukti Bahini|freedom fighter]] in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War]].<ref>{{cite web|title='আমার ভাই বাংলাদেশের এমন চিত্র দেখলে হয়ত সেদিন মুক্তিযুদ্ধ করতেন না'|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/773579/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8|website=[[Daily Ittefaq]]|date=7 February 2026}}</ref>

===Health===
On 19 July 2025, Shafiqur Rahman got sick and collapsed while he was giving a speech against corruption during the national rally of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami in [[Suhrawardy Udyan]], Dhaka. After completing the speech, he was sent to the [[Ibn Sina Medical College|Ibna Sina Medical College]] .<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/742429/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A |title= |date=19 July 2025 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |language=bn |script-title=bn:বক্তব্যের সময় মঞ্চে ঢলে পড়লেন জামায়াত আমির |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/979891 |title= |date=19 July 2025 |publisher=[[Jugantor]] |language=bn |script-title=bn:সমাবেশ মঞ্চে অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়েছেন জামায়াত আমির |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2025-07-19/KFG4ZtM8 |title= |date=19 July 2025 |publisher=[[Somoy TV]] |language=bn |script-title=bn:জামায়াত আমির এখন কেমন আছেন? |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/politics/55a872aa8982 |title= |date=19 July 2025 |publisher=[[bdnews24.com]] |language=bn |script-title=bn:মঞ্চে পড়ে গেলেন জামায়াত আমির, বসেই দিলেন বক্তৃতা |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/politics/news-687226 |title= |date=19 July 2025 |work=The Daily Star |language=bn |script-title=bn:বক্তব্য চলাকালে অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়ে গেলেন জামায়াত আমির |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dailynayadiganta.com/bangladesh/politics/X8k1Auaka6ux |title= |date=19 July 2025 |publisher=[[Daily Naya Diganta]] |language=bn |script-title=bn:মঞ্চে অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়লেন জামায়াত আমির |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> Later on he was admitted to [[United Hospital Limited]] under cardiologist Dr Jahangir Kabir. <ref>{{Cite web |last=bdnews24.com |title=Jamaat-e-Islami chief Shafiqur undergoes open-heart surgery |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/c43a33842d12 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Jamaat chief Shafiqur undergoes heart surgery |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamaat Ameer returns home after successful bypass surgery {{!}} Others |url=https://www.bssnews.net/others/301061 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=BSS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamaat ameer undergoes successful bypass surgery |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/387998/jamaat-ameer-undergoes-successful-bypass-surgery |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An angiogram revealed three major blockages, leading to an urgent open-heart bypass surgery, where four bypasses were performed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamaat Ameer Dr. Shafiqur Rahman returns home after successful surgery |url=http://www.jamaat-e-islami.org/en/news-details.php?category=2&news=4297 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Bangladesh Jamaat-e-islami}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamaat ameer undergoes successful bypass surgery {{!}} The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/politics/news/jamaat-ameer-undergoes-successful-bypass-surgery-3953756 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=www.thedailystar.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Banglanews24 |title=Jamaat chief undergoes successful bypass surgery |url=https://en.banglanews24.com/politics/news/bd/182065.details |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=banglanews24.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-02 |title=Jamaat Ameer's open heart surgery successfully completed - Business in Bangladesh |url=https://businessinbangladesh.com.bd/jamaat-ameers-open-heart-surgery-successfully-completed/ |access-date=2026-01-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=jagonews24.com |title=Jamaat amir undergoes successful bypass surgery |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/en/politics/news/84535 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802085433/https://www.jagonews24.com/en/politics/news/84535 |archive-date=2 August 2025 |access-date=2026-01-21 |work=jagonews24.com |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-31 |title=Jamaat ameer hospitalised with three heart blockages; doctors recommend bypass surgery |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/politics/jamaat-ameer-hospitalised-three-heart-blockages-doctors-recommend-bypass-surgery |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lens Asia - Jamaat Ameer Dr. Shafiqur Rahman to Undergo Open-Heart surgery on Today Morning |url=https://lensasia.net/site/news/view/87c49ad1-0c52-4641-9816-e81a98fa1e7b |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=lensasia.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Amader Barta |title=Jamaat Ameer undergoes 'successful' bypass surgery {{!}} Politics News |url=https://www.amaderbarta.net/en/news/jamaat-ameer-undergoes-successful-bypass-surgery-338325 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Amader Barta {{!}} আমাদের বার্তা |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversies ==

===Alleged X account hack===
On 31 January 2026 at 16.37 [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]], a post was made from Rahman's [[Twitter|X]] account that made derogatory remarks on women working out of home, including comparing their work with "[[prostitution]]". Later Rahman's [[Facebook]] post at night and his party's news conference the later day claimed that his X account was hacked from an email sent from the [[Bangabhaban]] and it was recovered by the party's cyber team within 55 minutes of the post being made. A general diary (GD) was also filed by Rahman at [[Hatirjheel]] police station. The post created heavy controversy, the opposition challenged the narrative, particularly the claimed account recovery within 55 minutes, and protests occurred in multiple places in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=কর্মজীবী নারীদের বিষয়ে পোস্ট নিয়ে শোরগোল, এক্স অ্যাকাউন্ট হ্যাকের দাবি জামায়াতের|url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/cy59z3wknkdo|website=[[BBC Bangla]]|date=1 February 2025|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=কর্মজীবী নারীদের নিয়ে জামায়াত আমিরের 'এক্স' পোস্টের প্রতিবাদে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ঝাড়ুমিছিল|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/xkwjxqtqv6|website=[[Prothom Alo]]|date=1 February 2026|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=জামায়াত আমিরের মন্তব্যের প্রতিবাদে জাহাঙ্গীরনগরে ঝাড়ু ও মশালমিছিল|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/video/bangladesh/xn2knqojmk|website=[[Prothom Alo]]|date=1 February 2026|language=bn}}</ref> The assistant programmer of Bangabhaban Mohammad Sarwar Alam was detained under the Cyber Security Ordinance, 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title=জামিন পেলেন বঙ্গভবনের সেই কর্মকর্তা ছরওয়ার|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/others/932640/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|website=[[Bangla Tribune]]|date=5 February 2026|language=bn}}</ref> An investigation by the Dissent, a digital investigative media outlet based in Dhaka, found evidence of attempted hacking of devices and accounts used to manage social media accounts of Jamaat's central leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evidence Show Indications of Hacking Attempts in Jamaat's Central Office Devices and Accounts |url=https://thedissent.news/digital-investigations/evidence-show-indications-of-hacking-attempts-in-jamaats-central-office-devices-and-accounts |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The Dissent |language=en}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
Rahman runs a number of charity and nonprofit organizations and institutions in his native region Sylhet. He is also one of the founders of [[Sylhet Women's Medical College]]. Many non-Muslims also work in his organisations and institutions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kalbela.com/politics/115532|title=জামায়াত আমিরের প্রতিষ্ঠানে চাকরি করেন হিন্দু-বৌদ্ধ-খ্রিস্টানও|date=31 August 2024|access-date=11 February 2026|work=[[Kalbela]]|language=bn}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! %
! Result
|-
|[[2001 Bangladeshi general election|2001]]
|[[Moulvibazar-2]]
|{{party name with color|Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|rowspan=3}}
|12,415
|7.2
|{{lost}}
|-
|[[2018 Bangladeshi general election|2018]]
|rowspan="2" | [[Dhaka-15]]
| 39,071
| 11.47
|{{lost}}
|-
|[[2026 Bangladeshi general election|2026]]
|85,131
|54.20
|{{won}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Mia Golam Parwar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons-inline}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Maqbul Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=Ameer of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh]] | years=2019–Present}}
{{s-aft | after=[[To be determined|TBD]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Islamism in Bangladesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Shafiqur}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Islamists]]
[[Category:People from Kulaura Upazila]]
[[Category:Politicians from Sylhet Division]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Murari Chand College alumni]]
[[Category:Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Ameers of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]]
[[Category:13th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition (Bangladesh)]]

Kamal Sridevi

2026-03-25T23:03:04Z

TheronShifflett: adding new bio more to come

{{Short description|2025 Kannada-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kamal Sridevi
| image = Kamal Sridevi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = V. A. Sunil Kumar
| producer = B. K. Dhanalakshmi
| writer = V. A. Sunil Kumar
| starring = Sachin Cheluvarayaswamy, [[Sangeetha Bhat]], Akshitha Bopaiah, [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Ramesh Indira]]
| music = Keerthan K. S.
| cinematography = Nagesh V. Acharya
| editing = Jnanesh B. Matad
| studio = Swarnambika Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|09|19|India}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Kamal Sridevi''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada cinema|Kannada-language]] drama thriller film written and directed by V. A. Sunil Kumar. Produced by B. K. Dhanalakshmi for Swarnambika Pictures, it stars Sachin Cheluvarayaswamy, [[Sangeetha Bhat]] and Akshitha Bopaiah, with [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] and [[Ramesh Indira]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Kamal Sridevi, a mysterious new venture unveiled |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Jun/09/kamal-sridevi-a-mysterious-new-venture-unveiled |access-date=25 February 2026 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=9 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The film was released on 19 September 2025.

== Plot ==
Set in Bengaluru, the film opens with the discovery of a young woman’s murder in a lodge. The police investigation reveals that the victim, Devika, had been living under the alias "Sridevi." The narrative unfolds through multiple viewpoints, examining the secrets of those connected to her and reflecting on themes of identity, survival and personal choice.<ref name="The Times of India-2025">{{cite web |title=Kamal Sridevi Movie Review: A thriller of perspectives, stretched too thin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/regional/kannada/a-thriller-of-perspectives-stretched-too-thin/movie-review/123991302.cms |publisher=The Times of India |date=19 September 2025 |access-date=19 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="Cinema Express-2025">{{cite web |title=Kamal Sridevi Movie Review: A relentless woman-driven suspense thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2025/Sep/19/kamal-sridevi-movie-review-a-relentless-woman-driven-suspense-thriller-12399115.html |publisher=Cinema Express |date=19 September 2025 |access-date=19 September 2025}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Sachin Cheluvarayaswamy
* [[Sangeetha Bhat]] as Devika / Sridevi
* Akshitha Bopaiah
* [[Kishore (actor)|Kishore]]
* [[Ramesh Indira]]

== Production ==
''Kamal Sridevi'' was written and directed by V. A. Sunil Kumar. The film’s cinematography was handled by Nagesh V. Acharya, editing by Jnanesh B. Matad, and music composed by Keerthan K. S. It was produced by B. K. Dhanalakshmi under the Swarnambika Pictures banner.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jewoor |first1=Revan P |title=Kamal Sridevi Movie: ಕಮಲ್ ಶ್ರೀದೇವಿ ಟೀಸರ್ ಔಟ್! ಸಂಗೀತಾ ಭಟ್ ಲುಕ್ ನೋಡಿದ್ರಾ? |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/kannada-actress-sangeetha-bhat-acted-kamal-sridevi-movie-teaser-released-rvj-dvp-2148845.html |access-date=25 February 2026 |work=[[News18 Kannada]] |date=4 April 2025 |language=kn}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film was released theatrically across India on 19 September 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Madan |title=Kamal Sridevi Review: ಕೊನೆವರೆಗೂ ಸಸ್ಪೆನ್ಸ್ ಕಾಪಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ‘ಕಮಲ್ ಶ್ರೀದೇವಿ’ ಕೊಲೆ ಕೇಸ್ |url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/kamal-sridevi-kannada-movie-review-sangeetha-bhat-sachin-cheluvarayaswamy-in-suspense-film-1082803.html |access-date=25 February 2026 |work=TV9 Kannada |date=19 September 2025 |language=kn}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film received a mixed response from critics.

* ''Cinema Express'' called it "a relentless woman-driven suspense thriller," praising the strong female characters but pointing to uneven pacing.<ref name="Cinema Express-2025"/>
* ''The Times of India'' found the multi-perspective storytelling engaging but felt the runtime and repeated flashbacks weakened the impact.<ref name="The Times of India-2025"/>
* ''Deccan Herald'' was more critical, rating it 1.5/5 and describing it as "a tiresome watch" with weak execution.<ref>{{cite news |last1=A S |first1=Pranati |title=Kamal Sridevi Kannada Review: A Weak Murder Mystery Drama |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kamal-sridevi-movie-review-this-murder-mystery-is-a-tiresome-watch-3736507 |access-date=25 February 2026 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=20 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt37263716}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Memory of the World Register in Asia and the Pacific

2026-03-25T10:22:33Z

TheronShifflett: new - done

{{short description|UNESCO initiative to preserve documentary items}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
[[UNESCO]]'s [[Memory of the World Programme#Memory of the World International Register|Memory of the World International Register]] lists documentary heritage – texts, audio-visual materials, library and archive holdings<ref>{{cite book |last1=Diop |first1=Papa Momar |title=Peace Studies for Sustainable Development in Africa |last2=Jordan |first2=Lothar |date=2022 |isbn=978-3-030-92473-7 |series=Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development |pages=763–773 |chapter=The UNESCO Memory of the World Program as a Possible Catalyst for Fostering Peace and Peace Studies in Africa |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-92474-4_56}}</ref> – that have been judged to be of global importance. The register brings that heritage to the attention of experts and the wider public, promoting the preservation, digitization, and dissemination of those materials.<ref name="2023_memory2">{{cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=64 new inscriptions on UNESCO's Memory of the World Registers |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/64-new-inscriptions-unescos-memory-world-register |accessdate=2024-12-18 |publisher=UNESCO Press}}</ref> The first inscriptions were added to the register in 1997.<ref name="intro">{{cite book |last1=Edmondson |first1=Ray |editor1-last=Edmondson |editor1-first=Ray |editor2-last=Jordan |editor2-first=Lothar |editor3-last=Prodan |editor3-first=Anca Claudia |title=The UNESCO Memory of the World Programme: Key Aspects and Recent Developments |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Cham |isbn=978-3-030-18441-4 |pages=21–22 |chapter=Memory of the World: An Introduction}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Launch of the International Memory of the World Register 2022-2023 Cycle |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/launch-international-memory-world-register-2022-2023-cycle |accessdate=2024-12-18 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref> As of 2025, 570 pieces of documentary heritage had been included in the register.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2025 |title=Documentary heritage: 74 new entries on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/documentary-heritage-74-new-entries-unescos-memory-world-register |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528023101/https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/documentary-heritage-74-new-entries-unescos-memory-world-register |archive-date=2025-05-28 |access-date=2025-12-16 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |language=en}}</ref> Of these, 180 are nominated or co-nominated by countries in the Asia and the Pacific region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Memory of the World International Register |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/memory-world |access-date=2025-12-16 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>

The Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific (MOWCAP) is a regional committee of UNESCO's programme, maintaining a separate register.<ref name="Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific">{{cite web | title=Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific | website=Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific | url=http://www.mowcapunesco.org/ | access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/32367448/Yamamoto_Document_Registry_2017 |first=Mayumi |last=Yamamoto |title=Heritage and Diplomacy: A Cultural Approach to UNESCO's Document Registry Program in East Asia|journal=Annual Journal of Cultural Anthropology|volume=11| year=2016}}</ref> There are also national registers, including for [[List of Memory of the World Documentary Heritage in the Philippines|the Philippines]], [[Australian Memory of the World Register|Australia]] and [[Memory of the World Aotearoa New Zealand Ngā Mahara o te Ao|New Zealand]].

Items listed below are part of the UNESCO Memory of the World International Register. National and regional registers are listed separately.

==List by country/territory==
<gallery>
Story-of-the-kelly-gang-capture2-1906.jpg|Australia's ''[[The Story of the Kelly Gang]]'' (1906) is the first full-length narrative [[feature film]] produced anywhere in the world.<ref name=kelly_gang />
Tuolsleng2c.jpg|Cambodia's [[Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum]] contains photographs of over 5,000 prisoners, as well as "confessions", many extracted under torture, and other biographical records.<ref name=tuol_sleng />
File:Rustam and Isfandiyar testing each other’s grip. Golestan Palace Library, ms. 716.jpg|The [[Baysunghur Shahnameh|Baysunghur ''Shahnameh'']] Iran is a manuscript of the "Book of Kings", one of the classics of the [[Persian-speaking peoples|Persian-speaking world]], on a par with the ''[[Iliad]]'' and ''[[The Aeneid]]'' of the Greco-Roman cultural communities.<ref name=book_of_kings />
Korea-Haeinsa-Tripitaka Koreana-01.jpg|The Korean version of the [[Buddhist texts|Buddhist scriptures]], ''Tripitaka Koreana'', is one of the most important and is the most complete corpus of Buddhist doctrinal texts in the world.<ref>{{cite web | title = Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the ''Tripitaka Koreana'' Woodblocks | publisher = World Heritage Center | url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/737|access-date=2009-09-07}}</ref>
Uthman Koran Taschkent a.jpg|The Holy Koran Mushaf of Othman manuscript, held by the Muslim Board of Uzbekistan, is the earliest existent written version of the [[Quran|Koran]].<ref name=othman />
</gallery>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"
! Documentary heritage{{ref|1|[A]}}
!Country/Territory
!Custodian(s), Location(s)
! Year inscribed
! Ref.
|-
| The [[HMS Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] Journal of [[James Cook]]
|[[Australia]]
|[[National Library of Australia]], [[Canberra]]
{{coord|-35.296633| 149.129815|format=dms|name=National Library of Australia}}
|align="center"| 2001
|align="center"| <ref name=endeavour>{{cite web| title=The Endeavour Journal of James Cook |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/endeavour-journal-james-cook |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| The [[Mabo v Queensland (No 2)|Mabo Case]] Manuscripts
|[[Australia]]
|National Library of Australia, Canberra
{{coord|-35.296633| 149.129815|format=dms|name=National Library of Australia}}
|align="center"| 2001
|align="center"| <ref name=mabo>{{cite web| title= The Mabo Case Manuscripts |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/mabo-case-manuscripts |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Story of the Kelly Gang]]'' (1906)
|[[Australia]]
|[[National Film and Sound Archive]], Canberra
{{coord|-35.283213| 149.121350|format=dms|name=National Film and Sound Archive}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"| <ref name=kelly_gang>{{cite web| title= The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906)|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/story-kelly-gang-1906 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| The [[Convicts in Australia|Convict Records of Australia]]
|[[Australia]]
|
* [[State Records Authority of New South Wales]] {{coord|-33.772862| 150.742160|format=dms|name=State Records Authority of New South Wales}}
* [[Archives Office of Tasmania]] {{coord|-42.881844| 147.325044|format=dms|name=Archives Office of Tasmania}}
* [[State Records Office of Western Australia]]: Alexander Library Building, Perth Cultural Centre {{coord|-31.949259| 115.860191|format=dms|name=State Records Office of Western Australia: Alexander Library Building, Perth Cultural Centre}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"| <ref name=convict>{{cite web| title= The Convict Records of Australia |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/convict-records-australia |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Manifesto of the [[Australian Labor Party (Queensland Branch)|Queensland Labour Party]], 1892
|[[Australia]]
|[[State Library of Queensland]], [[Brisbane]]
{{coord|-27.471136| 153.018135|format=dms|name=State Library of Queensland}}
| align="center" | 2009
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party, 1892 {{!}} Australian Memory of the World|url=https://www.amw.org.au/register/listings/manifesto-queensland-labour-party-1892|access-date=2021-03-19|website=www.amw.org.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-08|title=125th anniversary of the Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party {{!}} State Library Of Queensland|url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/125th-anniversary-manifesto-queensland-labour-party|access-date=2021-03-19|website=www.slq.qld.gov.au|language=en}}</ref><ref name="queensland">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/manifesto-queensland-labour-party-people-queensland-dated-9-september-1892|title=Manifesto of the Queensland Labour Party to the people of Queensland (dated 9 September 1892)|website=unesco.org|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Giant Glass Plate Negatives of [[Port Jackson|Sydney Harbour]]
|[[Australia]]
|[[State Library of New South Wales]], Sydney
{{coord|-33.866163| 151.213272|format=dms|name=State Library of New South Wales, Sydney}}
| align="center"| 2021
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web| title=Giant Glass Plate Negatives of Sydney Harbour |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/giant-glass-plate-negatives-sydney-harbour |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
|Archives of the [[Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux|expedition of d’Entrecasteaux]] (1791–1794)
|[[Australia]], [[France]]
|
* [[Archives Nationales (France)|Archives nationales]]
* [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du quai Branly]]
* [[National Museum of Natural History, France|Muséum national d'histoire naturelle]]
* [[National Library of Australia]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archives of the expedition of d'Entrecasteaux |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-expedition-dentrecasteaux-1791-1794 |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| [[7 March Speech of Bangabandhu]]
|[[Bangladesh]]
|[[Liberation War Museum]], [[Dhaka]]
{{coord|23.7757275|90.3675297|format=dms|name=Liberation War Museum, Dhaka}}
| align="center"|2017
| align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/unesco-recognises-bangabandhu-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-7th-march-speech-memory-of-the-world-1484356|title=Unesco recognises Bangabandhu's 7th March speech|date=31 October 2017|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-10-31|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/historic-7th-march-speech-bangabandhu-sheikh-mujibur-rahman |title=International Advisory Committee recommends 78 new nominations on the UNESCO Memory of the World International Register |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum]] Archives
|[[Cambodia]]
|[[Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum]], Phnom Penh
{{coord|11.5494006|104.9153715|format=dms|name=Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum, Phnom Penh}}
|align="center"| 2009
|align="center"| <ref name="tuol_sleng">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/tuol-sleng-genocide-museum-archives |title=Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum Archives|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| [[Music of China#Traditional music|Traditional Music]] Sound Archives
|[[China]]
|[[Chinese Academy of Art]]s, Beijing
{{coord|39.950573| 116.447466|format=dms|name=Music Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Arts}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"| <ref name="china_music">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/traditional-music-sound-archives |title=Traditional Music Sound Archives|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Records of the [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]]'s [[Grand Secretariat]] – 'Infiltration of Western Culture in China'
|[[China]]
|[[Palace Museum]], Beijing
{{coord|39.916261| 116.397116|format=dms|name=Palace Museum, Beijing}}
|align="center"| 1999
|align="center"| <ref name="qing_grand">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/records-qings-grand-secretariat-infiltration-western-culture-china|title=Records of the Qing's Grand Secretariat – 'Infiltration of Western Culture in China'|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Ancient [[Nakhi|Naxi]] [[Dongba]] Literature Manuscripts
|[[China]]
|[[Dongba Culture Museum|Lijiang Prefecture Dongba Research Institute]], [[Old Town of Lijiang|Dayan]]
{{coord|26.881450| 100.209704|format=dms|name=Lijiang Prefecture Dongba Research Institute, Dayan}}
|align="center"| 2003
|align="center"| <ref name="dongba">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/ancient-naxi-dongba-literature-manuscripts |title=Ancient Naxi Dongba Literature Manuscripts|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Golden Lists of the Qing Dynasty [[Imperial Examination]]
|[[China]]
|[[National Archives Administration of China|State Archives]], Beijing
{{coord|39.914878| 116.392925|format=dms|name=The First Historical Archives}}
|align="center"| 2005
|align="center"| <ref name="golden">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/golden-lists-qing-dynasty-imperial-examination |title=Golden Lists of the Qing Dynasty Imperial Examination|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Qing Dynasty [[Yangshi Lei Archives]]
|[[China]]
|
*[[First Historical Archives of China|The First Historical Archives]] {{coord|39.914878| 116.392925|format=dms|name=The First Historical Archives}}
*[[National Library of China]], Beijing {{coord|39.943016| 116.323087|format=dms|name=National Library of China}}
*[[Palace Museum]], Beijing {{coord|39.916261| 116.397116|format=dms|name=Palace Museum, Beijing}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"| <ref name="yangshi">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/qing-dynasty-yangshi-lei-archives |title=Qing Dynasty Yangshi Lei Archives |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| [[Compendium of Materia Medica|Ben Cao Gang Mu]]: Compendium of Materia Medica
|[[China]]
|Library of the China [[Peking Union Medical College|Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences]]
{{coord|39.910808| 116.417448|format=dms|name=Library of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web| title= Ben Cao Gang Mu (《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/ben-cao-gang-mu-bencaogangmu-compendium-materia-medica |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| [[Huang Di Nei Jing]] ([[Yellow Emperor]]'s Inner Canon)
|[[China]]
|[[National Library of China]], Beijing
{{coord|39.943016| 116.323087|format=dms|name=National Library of China}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web| title=Huang Di Nei Jing 《黄帝内经》 (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/huang-di-nei-jing-huangdineijing-yellow-emperors-inner-canon |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Official Records of [[Tibet]] from the [[Yuan Dynasty]] China, 1304–1367
|[[China]]
|[[Tibet Autonomous Region Archives]], [[Lhasa (prefecture-level city)|Lhasa]]
{{coord|29.656268| 91.0824097|format=dms|name=Tibet Autonomous Region Archives}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web| title=Official Records of Tibet from the Yuan Dynasty China, 1304–1367 |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/official-records-tibet-yuan-dynasty-china-1304-1367 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Qiaopi and Yinxin Correspondence and Remittance Documents from Overseas Chinese
|[[China]]
|
*[[Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|Guangdong Provincial Archives]] {{coord|23.129666| 113.271797|format=dms|name=Guangdong Provincial Archives}}
*Chaoshan Research Institute for History and Culture {{coord|23.373298| 116.713240|format=dms|name=Chaoshan Research Institute for History and Culture}}
*Shantou Municipal Archives {{coord|23.368334| 116.710955|format=dms|name=Shantou Municipal Archives}}
*Jiangmen Wuyi Overseas Chinese Museum {{coord|22.613291| 113.084509|format=dms|name=Jiangmen Wuyi Overseas Chinese Museum}}
*Meizhou City Qiaopi Archives {{coord|24.310126| 116.116659|format=dms|name=Meizhou City Qiaopi Archives}}
*Kaiping Cultural Heritage Bureau {{coord|22.376367| 112.698511|format=dms|name=Kaiping Cultural Heritage Bureau}}
*Fujian Province Archives {{coord|26.044769| 119.203995|format=dms|name=Fujian Province Archives}}
*Quanzhou City Archives {{coord|24.907562| 118.586831|format=dms|name=Quanzhou City Archives}}
*Jinjiang City Archives {{coord|24.783770| 118.551020|format=dms|name=Jinjiang City Archives}}
*Jinjiang Municipal Museum {{coord|24.795137| 118.562476|format=dms|name=Jinjiang Municipal Museum}}
*Quanzhou Museum of Overseas Chinese History {{coord|24.912132| 118.606545|format=dms|name=Quanzhou Museum of Overseas Chinese History}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/qiaopi-and-yinxin-correspondence-and-remittance-documents-overseas-chinese |title=Qiaopi and Yinxin Correspondence and Remittance Documents from Overseas Chinese|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Documents of [[Nanjing Massacre]]
|[[China]]
|
*Central Archives of China {{coord|40.042732| 116.165371|format=dms|name=Central Archives of China}}
*[[Second Historical Archives of China|The Second Historical Archives of China]] {{coord|32.040665| 118.814042|format=dms|name=The Second Historical Archives of China }}
*Liaoning Provincial Archives {{coord|41.781494| 123.405006|format=dms|name=Liaoning Provincial Archives}}
*Jilin Provincial Archives {{coord|43.889982| 125.325797|format=dms|name=Jilin Provincial Archives}}
*Shanghai Municipal Archives {{coord|31.204879| 121.398591|format=dms|name=Shanghai Municipal Archives}}
*Nanjing City Archives {{coord|32.058256| 118.796558|format=dms|name=Nanjing City Archives}}
*[[Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders|The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders]] {{coord|32.035703| 118.742556|format=dms|name=The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/documents-nanjing-massacre|title=Documents of Nanjing Massacre |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
|-
|The Archives of [[Suzhou, Jiangsu|Suzhou]] Silk from Modern and Contemporary Times
|[[China]]
|Suzhou Industrial and Commercial Archives Administration
{{coord|31.326280| 120.626409|format=dms|name=Suzhou Industrial and Commercial Archives Administration}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-suzhou-silk-modern-and-contemporary-times|title=The Archives of Suzhou Silk from Modern and Contemporary Times|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Chinese [[Oracle bone|Oracle-Bone]] Inscriptions
|[[China]]
|
*Institute of Archaeology, [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] {{coord|39.922623| 116.410448|format=dms|name=Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences}}
*Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences {{coord|39.922443| 116.410084|format=dms|name=Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences}}
*[[National Library of China]] {{coord|39.943016| 116.323087|format=dms|name=National Library of China}}
*[[Palace Museum]], Beijing {{coord|39.916261| 116.397116|format=dms|name=Palace Museum, Beijing}}
*[[Peking University Library]] {{coord|39.991829| 116.309770|format=dms|name=Peking University Library}}
*[[Tsinghua University Library]] {{coord|40.004884| 116.324684|format=dms|name=Tsinghua University Library}}
*[[Shanghai Museum]] {{coord|31.228287| 121.475530|format=dms|name=Shanghai Museum}}
*[[Nanjing Museum]] {{coord|32.041742| 118.825683|format=dms|name=Nanjing Museum}}
*[[Shandong Provincial Museum]] {{coord|36.658531| 117.095899|format=dms|name=Shandong Provincial Museum}}
*[[Lüshun Museum|Lvshun Museum]] {{coord|38.808160| 121.233847|format=dms|name=Lvshun Museum}}
*[[Tianjin Museum]] {{coord|39.085523| 117.208901|format=dms|name=Tianjin Museum}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/chinese-oracle-bone-inscriptions |title=Chinese Oracle-Bone Inscriptions |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Official Records of [[Macao]] During the Qing Dynasty (1693–1886)
|[[China]], [[Portugal]]
|[[Torre do Tombo National Archive]], [[Alvalade]], [[Lisbon]]
{{coord|38.754660| -9.156511|format=dms|name=Torre do Tombo National Archive}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/official-records-macao-during-qing-dynasty-1693-1886 |title=Official Records of Macao During the Qing Dynasty (1693–1886)|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| Archives and Manuscripts of Macau Kong Tac Lam Temple (1645–1980)
|[[China]]
|Association of Piety and Longevity Kong Tac Lam, [[Macau]]
{{coord|22.191753|113.536012|format=dms|name=Association of Piety and Longevity Kong Tac Lam}}
|align="center"| 2023
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-and-manuscripts-macau-kong-tac-lam-temple-1645-1980|title=Archives and Manuscripts of Macau Kong Tac Lam Temple (1645–1980)|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| The four treatises of Tibetan Medicine
|[[China]]
|[[Men-Tsee-Khang|Mentseekhang]], Traditional Tibetan Hospital (Tibetan Medical & Astro Institute), [[Lhasa (city)|Lhasa]]
{{coord|29.663227|91.124187|format=dms|name=Traditional Tibetan Hospital}}
|align="center"| 2023
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/four-treatises-tibetan-medicine|title=The four treatises of Tibetan Medicine|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
|The Steles of [[Shaolin Monastery|Shaolin Temple]] (566–1990)
|[[China]]
|[[Shaolin Monastery]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Steles of Shaolin Temple (566-1990) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/steles-shaolin-temple-566-1990 |access-date=2025-12-11 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng|The Suizhou Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng]]
|[[China]]
|[[Hubei Provincial Museum]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Suizhou Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/suizhou-bianzhong-marquis-yi-zeng |access-date=2025-12-11 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World}}</ref>
|-
| Records of the [[Indian indenture system|Indian Indentured Labourers]]
|[[Fiji]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
*[[National Archives of Fiji]] {{coord|-18.142906| 178.424031|format=dms|name=The National Archives of Fiji}}
*[[National Archives of Guyana]] {{coord|6.802743| -58.140546|format=dms|name=The National Archives of Guyana}}
*[[National Archives of Suriname]] {{coord|5.810875| -55.211598|format=dms|name=The National Archives of Suriname}}
*[[National Archives of Trinidad and Tobago]] {{coord|10.660171| -61.512783|format=dms|name=The National Archives of Trinidad and Tobago}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref name=labourers>{{cite web|title=Records of the Indian Indentured Labourers |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/records-indian-indentured-labourers-0 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
| The I.A.S. Tamil Medical Manuscript Collection
|[[India]]
|Institute of Asian Studies, [[Chennai]]
{{coord|12.863331|80.2295941|format=dms|name=Institute of Asian Studies, Tamil Nadu}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"| <ref name="ias_tamil">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/ias-tamil-medical-manuscript-collection |title=The I.A.S. Tamil Medical Manuscript Collection |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
|-
|Archives of the [[Dutch East India Company]]
|[[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Netherlands]], [[South Africa]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|
*Cape Town Archives Repository (Office of the [[National Archives and Records Service of South Africa|National Archives of South Africa]]) {{coord|-33.931495| 18.423812|format=dms|name=Cape Town Archives Repository}}
*[[Madras Record Office]] (Tamil Nadu Archives) {{coord|13.076368| 80.260424|format=dms|name=Tamil Nadu Archives}}
*[[Department of National Archives]] of Sri Lanka {{coord|6.906759| 79.864734|format=dms|name=Department of National Archives of Sri Lanka}}
*[[National Archives of Indonesia]] (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) {{coord|-6.278623| 106.818899|format=dms|name=Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia}}
*[[Nationaal Archief]] (National Archives of the Netherlands) {{coord|52.081037| 4.3262802|format=dms|name=Nationaal Archief}}
|align="center"| 2003
|align="center"| <ref name=DutchEastIndia>{{cite web|title=Archives of the Dutch East India Company |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-dutch-east-india-company |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-01-17 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Shaiva Siddhanta|Shaiva Manuscript]] in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|[[India]]
|[[French Institute of Pondicherry]], [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
{{coord|11.936934| 79.835651|format=dms|name=French Institute of Pondicherry}}
|align="center"| 2005
|align="center"| <ref name="saiva">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/saiva-manuscript-pondicherry |title=Saiva Manuscript in Pondicherry|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rigveda]]
|[[India]]
|[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], Pune
{{coord|18.519103| 73.829942|format=dms|name=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"| <ref name="rigveda">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/rigveda |title=Rigveda |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tarikh e Khandan e Timuriyah|Tarikh-e-Khandan-e-Timuriyah]]
|[[India]]
|[[Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library]], Patna {{coord|25.621542| 85.135677|format=dms|name=Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/tarikh-e-khandan-e-timuriyah |title=Tarikh-E-Khandan-E-Timuriyah|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vimalaprabha|Laghukālachakratantrarājatīka Vimalaprabhā]]
|[[India]]
|[[The Asiatic Society]], Kolkata
{{coord|22.555149| 88.350532|format=dms|name=Asiatic Society, Kolkata}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref name=Vimalaprabha>{{cite web|title=laghukālacakratantrarājatikā (Vimalaprabhā) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/laghukalacakratantrarajatika-vimalaprabha |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-04 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Shantinatha Charitra|Shāntinātha Charitra]]
|[[India]]
|[[Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum]], Ahmedabad
{{coord|23.033096| 72.549811|format=dms|name=Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="ShāntināthaCharitra">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/shantinatha-charitra |title=Shāntinātha Charitra|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gilgit#Gilgit manuscripts|Gilgit Manuscript]]
|[[India]]
|[[National Archives of India]], New Delhi
{{coord|28.615543| 77.217240|format=dms|name=National Archives of India, New Delhi}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref name=GilgitManuscript>{{cite web|title=Gilgit Manuscript |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/gilgit-manuscript |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|Maitreyayvarakarana
|[[India]]
|[[The Asiatic Society]], Kolkata
{{coord|22.555149| 88.350532|format=dms|name=Maitreyayvarakarana Asiatic Society, Kolkata}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref name=Maitreyayvarakarana>{{cite web|title=Maitreyayvarakarana |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/maitreyayvarakarana |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|Manuscript Collection of [[Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavadgītā]]: Ancient Saṁgraha-grantha of Indian thought with World-wide Readership and Influence
|[[India]]
|[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], Pune
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manuscript Collection of Bhagavadgītā: Ancient Saṁgraha-grantha of Indian thought with World-wide Readership and Influence |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/manuscript-collection-bhagavadgita-ancient-samgraha-grantha-indian-thought-world-wide-readership-and |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|Manuscript of the [[Natya Shastra|Nāṭyaśāstra]] of Bharatamuni: A Seminal text of Indian Performing Art
|[[India]]
|[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], Pune
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manuscript of the Nāṭyaśāstra of Bharatamuni: A Seminal text of Indian Performing Art |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/manuscript-natyasastra-bharatamuni-seminal-text-indian-performing-art |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| [[La Galigo]]
|[[Indonesia]], [[Netherlands]]
|
*[[Fort Rotterdam]], Makassar {{coord|-5.133867| 119.405291 |format=dms|name=Fort Rotterdam, Makassar}}
*[[Leiden University Library]], Leiden {{coord|52.157302| 4.481429|format=dms|name=Leiden University Library}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref name="la_galigo">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/la-galigo |title=La Galigo|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nagarakretagama]]: Description of the Country (1365 AD)
|[[Indonesia]]
|[[National Library of Indonesia]], Jakarta
{{coord|-6.181298| 106.826908|format=dms|name=National Library of Indonesia}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="nagarakretagama">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/nagarakretagama-or-description-country-1365-ad |title=Nāgarakrĕtāgama or Description of the Country (1365 AD) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| Babad [[Diponegoro]]
|[[Indonesia]], [[Netherlands]]
|
*[[National Library of Indonesia]], Jakarta {{coord|-6.181298| 106.826908|format=dms|name=National Library of Indonesia}}
*Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies {{coord|52.158590| 4.482510|format=dms|name=Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="diponegoro">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/babad-diponegoro-or-autobiographical-chronicle-prince-diponegoro-1785-1855-javanese-nobleman |title=Babad Diponegoro or Autobiographical Chronicle of Prince Diponegoro (1785-1855). A Javanese nobleman, Indonesian national hero and pan-Islamist |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| [[Asian-African Conference]] Archives
|[[Indonesia]]
|[[National Archives of Indonesia]], South Jakarta
{{coord|-6.278638| 106.818939 |format=dms|name=National Archives of Indonesia}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web| title=Asian-African Conference Archives |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/asian-african-conference-archives |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| [[Borobudur]] Conservation Archives
|[[Indonesia]]
|National Archives of Indonesia, South Jakarta
{{coord|-6.278638| 106.818939 |format=dms|name=National Archives of Indonesia}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/borobudur-conservation-archives |title=Borobudur Conservation Archives|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| The [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean Tsunami]] Archives
|[[Indonesia]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|
*National Archives of Indonesia, South Jakarta {{coord|-6.278638| 106.818939 |format=dms|name=National Archives of Indonesia}}
*[[Department of National Archives|Department of National Archives of Sri Lanka]] {{coord|6.906742| 79.864784|format=dms|name=Department of National Archives of Sri Lanka}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/indian-ocean-tsunami-archives |title=The Indian Ocean Tsunami Archives |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| [[Panji tales|Panji Tales]] Manuscripts
|[[Indonesia]], [[Cambodia]], [[Netherlands]], [[Malaysia]], [[United Kingdom]]
|
*[[Leiden University Library]], Leiden {{coord|52.157302| 4.481429|format=dms|name=Leiden University Library, Leiden}}
*[[National Library of Indonesia]], Jakarta {{coord|-6.181298| 106.826908|format=dms|name=National Library of Indonesia}}
*[[National Library of Malaysia]], Kuala Lumpur {{coord|3.170693| 101.711362|format=dms|name=National Library of Malaysia}}
*[[National Library of Cambodia]], Phnom Penh {{coord|11.576504| 104.919578|format=dms|name=National Library of Cambodia }}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/panji-tales-manuscripts |title=Panji Tales Manuscripts|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|Archives of Javanese Dance: [[Mangkunegaran]] Dance Arts, 1861–1944
|[[Indonesia]]
|
* [[National Archives of Indonesia]]
* [[Pura Mangkunegaran|Mangkunegaran Palace]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archives of Javanese Dance: Mangkunegaran Dance Arts, 1861-1944 |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-javanese-dance-mangkunegaran-dance-arts-1861-1944 |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kartini]] Letters and Archive: the struggle for gender equality
|[[Indonesia]], [[Netherlands]]
|
* [[National Archives of Indonesia]]
* Royal Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, [[Leiden]]
* [[Nationaal Archief]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartini Letters and Archive: the struggle for gender equality |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/kartini-letters-and-archive-struggle-gender-equality |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|The [[Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian|Sang Hyang Siksa Kandang Karesian]] Manuscript
|[[Indonesia]]
|[[National Library of Indonesia]], Jakarta {{coord|-6.181298| 106.826908|format=dms|name=National Library of Indonesia}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sang Hyang Siksa Kandang Karesian Manuscript |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/sang-hyang-siksa-kandang-karesian-manuscript |access-date=2025-12-11 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| "[[Bayasanghori Shâhnâmeh]]" (Prince Bayasanghor's [[Shahnameh|Book of the Kings]])
|[[Iran]]
|[[Golestan Palace]], Tehran
{{coord|35.679750| 51.420517|format=dms|name=Golestan Palace}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"| <ref name="book_of_kings">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/bayasanghori-shahnameh-prince-bayasanghors-book-kings |title="Bayasanghori Shâhnâmeh" (Prince Bayasanghor's Book of the Kings)|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| The Deed For Endowment: [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani|Rab’ I-Rashidi]] (Rab I-Rashidi Endowment) 13th Century manuscript
|[[Iran]]
|[[Tabriz Central Library]], Tabriz
{{coord|38.064110| 46.256279|format=dms|name=Tabriz Central Library}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"| <ref name="deed_for_endowment">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/deed-endowment-rab-i-rashidi-rab-i-rashidi-endowment-13th-century-manuscript|title=The Deed For Endowment: Rab' I-Rashidi (Rab I-Rashidi Endowment) 13th Century manuscript|website=unesco.org|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref>
|-
| Administrative Documents of [[Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi|Astan-e Quds Razavi]] in the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Era]]
|[[Iran]]
|Astan-e Quds Razavi Library, [[Mashad|Mashhad]]
{{coord|36.289501| 59.616135|format=dms|name=Astan-e Quds Razavi Library, Mashad}}
|align="center"| 2009
|align="center"| <ref name="astan_quds">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/administrative-documents-astan-e-quds-razavi-safavid-era|title=Administrative Documents of Astan-e Quds Razavi in the Safavid Era |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| [[Al-Biruni|Al-Tafhim li Awa'il Sana'at al-Tanjim]]: The Book of Instruction in the Elements of the Art of Astrology
|[[Iran]]
|Library, Museum and Documentation Centre of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]], Tehran
{{coord|35.808438| 51.458630|format=dms|name=Library, Museum and Documentation Centre of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Tehran}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/al-tafhim-li-awail-sanaat-al-tanjim |title=Al-Tafhim li Awa'il Sana'at al-Tanjim|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nizami Ganjavi#The Khamsa or Panj Ganj|Collection of Nezami's Panj Ganj]]
|[[Iran]]
|
*[[Sepahsalar Mosque|Sepahsalar Library (Shahid Mottahri)]] {{coord|35.6893678|51.431208|format=dms|name=Sepahsalar Library (Shahid Mottahri)}}
*[[Malek National Museum and Library]], Tehran {{coord|35.687040| 51.416318|format=dms|name=Malek National Museum and Library}}
*[[Golestan Palace]], Tehran {{coord|35.679750| 51.420517|format=dms|name=Golestan Palace, Tehran}}
*[[National Museum of Iran]], Tehran {{coord|35.687098| 51.414643|format=dms|name=National Museum of Iran}}
*Central Library and document centre of the [[University of Tehran]] {{coord|35.703269| 51.395321|format=dms|name=Central Library and document centre of the University of Tehran}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/collection-nezamis-panj-ganj |title=Collection of Nezami's Panj Ganj|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| A Collection of selected maps of [[Qajar Iran|Iran in the Qajar Era]] (1193 – 1344 Lunar Calendar / 1779–1926 Gregorian Calendar)
|[[Iran]]
|Library of Political and International Studies of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]
{{coord|35.808438| 51.458630|format=dms|name=Library of Political and International Studies of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/collection-selected-maps-iran-qajar-era-1193-1344-lunar-calendar/1779-1926-gregorian-calendar|title=A Collection of selected maps of Iran in the Qajar Era (1193 – 1344 Lunar Calendar / 1779–1926 Gregorian Calendar)|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| Dhakhīra-yi Khārazmshāhī
|[[Iran]]
|Library of the [[Sepahsalar Mosque]], Tehran
{{coord|35.689360| 51.433397|format=dms|name=Library of the Sepahsalar Mosque}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/dhakhira-yi-kharazmshahi |title=Dhakhīra-yi Khārazmshāhī|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| Al-Masaalik Wa Al-Mamaalik: The Book of Itineraries and Kingdoms
|[[Germany]], [[Iran]]
|
*[[National Library and Archives of Iran]], Tehran {{coord|35.751903| 51.4342645|format=dms|name=The National Library and Archives of Iran}}
*{{ill|Gotha Research Library|de|Forschungsbibliothek Gotha}}, Erfurt {{coord|50.945358| 10.705445|format=dms|name=Gotha Research Library}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/al-masaalik-wa-al-mamaalik |title=Al-Masaalik Wa Al-Mamaalik|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| Kulliyyāt-i Saʽdi: [[Kulliyat]] of [[Saadi Shirazi|Saadi]]
|[[Iran]]
|[[National Library and Archives of Iran]], Tehran
{{coord|35.751903| 51.4342645|format=dms|name=The National Library and Archives of Iran}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/kulliyyat-i-sadi |title=Kulliyyāt-i Saʽdi |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jāme’ al-Tavarikh]]: Compendium of Chronicles
|[[Iran]]
|[[Golestan Palace]], Tehran
{{coord|50.945358| 10.705445|format=dms|name=Golestan Palace, Tehran}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/jame-al-tavarikh |title=Jāme' al-Tavarikh |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref>
|-
|Mawlana's Kulliyat (The Complete Works of [[Rumi|Mawlana]])
|[[Iran]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Germany]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkey]]
|
*[[SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library]], Sofia {{coord|42.694722| 23.336111|format=dms|name=SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library}}
*[[Berlin State Library|State Library]], Berlin {{coord|52.517515| 13.391644|format=dms|name=Berlin State Library}}
*[[Bavarian State Library]] {{coord|48.147493| 11.580258|format=dms|name=Bavarian State Library}}
*Iranian National Committee for the Memory of the World
*The [[National Library and Archives of Iran]] {{coord|35.751903|51.4342645|format=dms|name=The National Library and Archives of Iran}}
*[[Golestan Palace|Golestan Palace Library]], Tehran {{coord|35.679750| 51.420517|format=dms|name=Golestan Palace}}
*Written Heritage Research Institute (Mīrās-e Maktoob), [[Tehran]] {{coord|35.701655| 51.398856|format=dms|name=Written Heritage Research Institute (Mīrās-e Maktoob)}}
*Centre of the Written Heritage of the [[Tajik Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan]], Dushanbe {{coord|38.568917| 68.790861|format=dms|name=National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan}}
*Turkish National Commission for UNESCO, National Memory of the World Committee
*Al-Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies, [[Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan]] {{coord|41.306589|69.286559|format=dms|name=Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan}}
| align="center"|2023
| align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/mawlanas-kulliyat-complete-works-mawlana |title=Mawlana's Kulliyat (The Complete Works of Mawlana)|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |accessdate=2025-03-26}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sakubei Yamamoto]] Collection
|[[Japan]]
|
*{{ill|Tagawa City Coal Mining Historical Museum|ja|田川市石炭・歴史博物館}} {{coord|33.640761| 130.813753|format=dms|name=Tagawa City Coal Mining Historical Museum}}
*[[Fukuoka Prefectural University]] Library {{coord|33.650349| 130.813806|format=dms|name=Fukuoka Prefectural University Library}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref name="Sakubei">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/sakubei-yamamoto-collection |title=Sakubei Yamamoto Collection |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Materials Related to the [[Keicho]]-era Mission to Europe Japan and Spain
|[[Japan]], [[Spain]]
|[[Sendai City Museum]], Sendai
{{coord|38.256009| 140.856636|format=dms|name=Sendai City Museum}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="Keiccho">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/materials-related-keicho-era-mission-europe-japan-and-spain |title=Materials Related to the Keicho-era Mission to Europe Japan and Spain|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Midokanpakuki: the original handwritten diary of [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]]
|[[Japan]]
|[[Yōmei Bunko]], Kyoto
{{coord|35.031838| 135.710117|format=dms|name=Yōmei Bunko, Kyoto}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="Midokanpakuki">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/midokanpakuki-original-handwritten-diary-fujiwara-no-michinaga |title=Midokanpakuki: the original handwritten diary of Fujiwara no Michinaga |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Archives of [[Tō-ji|Tōji]] temple contained in one-hundred boxes
|[[Japan]]
|[[Kyoto Prefectural Library]], Kyoto
{{coord|35.012969| 135.782093|format=dms|name=Kyoto Prefectural Library}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref name="Tōji">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-toji-temple-contained-one-hundred-boxes |title=Archives of Tōji temple contained in one-hundred boxes |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Return to [[Maizuru]] Port—Documents Related to the Internment and Repatriation Experiences of Japanese (1945–1956)
|[[Japan]]
|{{ill|Maizuru Repatriation Memorial Museum|jp|舞鶴引揚記念館}}, Kyoto
{{coord|35.509538| 135.396710|format=dms|name=Maizuru Repatriation Memorial Museum}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref name="Maizuru">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/return-maizuru-port-documents-related-internment-and-repatriation-experiences-japanese-1945-1956|title=Return to Maizuru Port—Documents Related to the Internment and Repatriation Experiences of Japanese (1945–1956) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Three Stelae of Kōzuke|Three Cherished Stelae of Ancient Kozuke]]
|[[Japan]]
|[[Takasaki, Gunma]]
{{coord|36.322080| 139.003400|format=dms|name=Takasaki}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/three-cherished-stelae-ancient-kozuke |title=Three Cherished Stelae of Ancient Kozuke|website=en.unesco.org|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|Three Editions of Buddhist Sacred Canons stored at [[Zōjō-ji|Zojoji]], Japan
|[[Japan]]
|[[Zōjō-ji|Zōjō-ji Temple]], Minato
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Editions of Buddhist Sacred Canons stored at Zojoji, Japan |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/three-editions-buddhist-sacred-canons-stored-zojoji-japan |access-date=2025-12-11 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| Collection of manuscripts of [[Khoja Ahmed Yasawi]]
|[[Kazakhstan]]
|[[National Library of Kazakhstan|National Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan]], Almaty
{{coord|43.241432| 76.943141|format=dms|name=National Library of Kazakhstan, Almaty}}
|align="center"| 2003
|align="center"| <ref name="khoja">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/collection-manuscripts-khoja-ahmed-yasawi |title=Collection of manuscripts of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Audiovisual documents of the International antinuclear movement "[[Anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan|Nevada-Semipalatinsk]]"
|[[Kazakhstan]]
|Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty
{{coord|43.242712| 76.945582|format=dms|name=State Archive & State Archive of Film, Almaty}}
|align="center"| 2005
|align="center"| <ref name="anti_nuclear">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/audiovisual-documents-international-antinuclear-movement-nevada-semipalatinsk |title=Audiovisual documents of the International antinuclear movement "Nevada-Semipalatinsk" |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Aral Sea Archival Fonds
|[[Kazakhstan]]
|Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty
{{coord|43.242712| 76.945582|format=dms|name=State Archive & State Archive of Film, Almaty}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref name="aral">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/aral-sea-archival-fonds |title=Aral Sea Archival Fonds|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|Manuscript “Chronicle of Khans”
|[[Kazakhstan]]
|{{Interlanguage link|Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan|kk|Қазақстан Республикасы Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі}}, [[Almaty]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manuscript “Chronicle of Khans” |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/manuscript-chronicle-khans |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World}}</ref>
|-
| Correspondence of the [[Abdul Hamid Halim|late Sultan of Kedah]] (1882–1943)
|[[Malaysia]]
|[[National Archives of Malaysia]], Alor Setar
{{coord|6.163409| 100.370127|format=dms|name=National Archives of Malaysia}}
|align="center"| 2001
|align="center"| <ref name="kedah">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/correspondence-late-sultan-kedah-1882-1943 |title=Correspondence of the late Sultan of Kedah (1882–1943) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hikayat Hang Tuah]]: The story of [[Hang Tuah]]
|[[Malaysia]]
|[[National Library of Malaysia]], Kuala Lumpur
{{coord|3.170693| 101.711362|format=dms|name=National Library of Malaysia}}
|align="center"| 2001
|align="center"| <ref name="hikayat">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/hikayat-hang-tuah |title=Hikayat Hang Tuah |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Malay Annals|Sejarah Melayu (the Malay Annals)]]
|[[Malaysia]]
|[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|Institute of Language and Literature]], Kuala Lumpur
{{coord|3.134248| 101.703558|format=dms|name=Institute of Language and Literature, Kuala Lumpur}}
|align="center"| 2001
|align="center"| <ref name="malay_annals">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/sejarah-melayu-malay-annals|title=Sejarah Melayu (The Malay Annals) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Terengganu Inscription Stone|Batu Bersurat]], [[Terengganu]] (Inscribed Stone of Terengganu)
|[[Malaysia]]
|{{ill|Terengganu State Museum|ms|Muzium Negeri Terengganu}}, [[Kuala Terengganu]]
{{coord|5.318578| 103.102112|format=dms|name=Terengganu State Museum}}
|align="center"| 2009
|align="center"| <ref name="terengganu">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/batu-bersurat-terengganu-inscribed-stone-terengganu |title=Batu Bersurat, Terengganu (Inscribed Stone of Terengganu) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|The Works of [[Hamzah Fansuri]]
|[[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]]
|
* [[National Library of Malaysia]], Kuala Lumpur {{coord|3.170693| 101.711362|format=dms|name=National Library of Malaysia}}
* [[National Library of Indonesia]], Jakarta {{coord|-6.181298| 106.826908|format=dms|name=National Library of Indonesia}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Works of Hamzah Fansuri |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/works-hamzah-fansuri |access-date=2025-12-11 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| Lu."[[Altan Tobchi]]" : Golden History written in 1651
|[[Mongolia]]
|[[National Library of Mongolia]], Ulaanbaatar
{{coord|47.914814| 106.916250|format=dms|name=National Library of Mongolia}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/lualtan-tobchi-golden-history-written-1651 |title=Lu."Altan Tobchi" : Golden History written in 1651 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Mongolian [[Tanjur]] & Stone Stele Monument for Mongolian Tanjur
|[[Mongolia]]
|[[National Library of Mongolia]], Ulaanbaatar
{{coord|47.914814| 106.916250|format=dms|name=National Library of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar}}
|align="center"| 2011, ''updated 2017''
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/stone-stele-monument-mongolian-tanjur |title=Stone Stele Monument for Mongolian Tanjur|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/mongolian-tanjur |title=Mongolian Tanjur|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kanjur]] written with 9 precious stones
|[[Mongolia]]
|[[National Library of Mongolia]], Ulaanbaatar
{{coord|47.914814| 106.916250|format=dms|name=National Library of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/kanjur-written-9-precious-stones |title=Kanjur written with 9 precious stones|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|Deger-e-eče toɣtoɣsan dürsü-yin tusbür-yig bürüdkegsen bičig (A Complete Record of the Body by Imperial Order)
|[[Mongolia]]
|[[Mongolian Academy of Sciences]], Ulaanbaatar
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deger-e-eče toɣtoɣsan dürsü-yin tusbür-yig bürüdkegsen bičig (A Complete Record of the Body by Imperial Order) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/deger-e-ece-togtogsan-dursu-yin-tusbur-yig-burudkegsen-bicig-complete-record-body-imperial-order |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|Inscription of Khüis Tolgoi 1
|[[Mongolia]]
|The National Council for Language Policies Subordinate to the President of Mongolia, [[Ulaanbaatar|Ulaanbataar]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inscription of Khüis Tolgoi 1 |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/inscription-khuis-tolgoi-1 |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| [[World's largest book|Kuthodaw Inscription Shrines]]
|[[Myanmar]]
|[[Kuthodaw Pagoda]], Mandalay
{{coord|22.004738| 96.112954|format=dms|name=Kuthodaw Pagoda, Mandalay}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="mdy">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/maha-lawkamarazein-or-kuthodaw-inscription-shrines |title=Maha Lawkamarazein or Kuthodaw Inscription Shrines|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Myazedi inscription|Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription]]
|[[Myanmar]]
|[[National Museum of Myanmar (Naypyidaw)|Department of Archaeology and National Museum, Naypyidaw]]
{{coord|19.788761|96.141265|format=dms|name=Department of Archaeology and National Museum, Naypyidaw}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref name="myazedi">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/myazedi-quadrilingual-stone-inscription |title=Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[The Golden Letter of King Alaungpaya|The Golden Letter of the Burmese King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain]]
|[[Myanmar]], [[Germany]], [[United Kingdom]]
|
{{ill|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library – State Library of Lower Saxony|de|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek – Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek}} {{coord|52.365295| 9.730835|format=dms|name=Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library – State Library of Lower Saxony}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/golden-letter-burmese-king-alaungphaya-king-george-ii-great-britain |title=The Golden Letter of the Burmese King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Shwezigon Pagoda Bell Inscription|King Bayinnaung Bell Inscription]]
|[[Myanmar]]
|[[Shwezigon Pagoda]], Bagan
{{coord|21.195319| 94.893868|format=dms|name=Shwezigon Pagoda, Bagan}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/king-bayinnaung-bell-inscription |title=King Bayinnaung Bell Inscription|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref>
|-
|Nishvāsattatvasamhitā Manuscript
|[[Nepal]]
|National Archives of Nepal, [[Kathmandu]]
{{coord|27.695387| 85.321523|format=dms|name=National Archive of Nepal}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="nisavasattava">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/nisvasattatvasamhita-manuscript |title=Niśvāsattatvasaṃhitā manuscript |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sushruta Samhita|Sushrutasamhitā (Sahottārtantra) Manuscript]]
|[[Nepal]]
|[[Kaiser library]], Kathmandu
{{coord|27.713998| 85.315269|format=dms|name=Kaiser Library, Kathmandu}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name="susrutamhita">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/susrutamhita-sahottartantra-manuscript |title=Susrutamhita (Sahottartantra) manuscript |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Treaty of Waitangi]]
|[[New Zealand]]
|[[Archives New Zealand]], Wellington
{{coord|-41.277057| 174.7801366|format=dms|name=National Archives, Wellington}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/treaty-waitangi |title=The Treaty of Waitangi |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[1893 Women's Suffrage Petition]]
|[[New Zealand]]
|[[Archives New Zealand]], Wellington
{{coord|-41.277057| 174.7801366|format=dms|name=National Archives, Wellington}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"| <ref name=suffrage>{{cite web| title=The 1893 Women's Suffrage Petition |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/1893-womens-suffrage-petition |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|[[Edmund Hillary|Sir Edmund Hillary]] Archive
|[[New Zealand]]
|[[Auckland War Memorial Museum]], Auckland
{{coord|-36.860387| 174.777826|format=dms|name=Auckland War Memorial Museum}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/sir-edmund-hillary-archive |title=Sir Edmund Hillary Archive |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|[[Katherine Mansfield]] literary and personal papers and belongings
|[[New Zealand]]
|[[Alexander Turnbull Library]], Wellington
{{coord|-41.276614|174.778372|format=dms|name=Alexander Turnbull Library}}
|align="center"| 2025
|align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/register2025 |title=UNESCO Memory of the World Register 2025 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
| [[Muyedobotongji|Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial arts]]
|[[North Korea]]
|[[Grand People's Study House]], Pyongyang; Various locations in [[South Korea]]
{{coord|39.020196| 125.749334|format=dms|name=Grand People's Study House}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/mu-ye-do-bo-tong-ji-comprehensive-illustrated-manual-martial-arts |title=Mu Ye Do Bo Tong Ji (Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial arts) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]] Papers (Quaid-i-Azam)
|[[Pakistan]]
|[[National Archives of Pakistan]], Islamabad
{{coord|33.739981| 73.094761|format=dms|name=National Archives, Islamabad}}
|align="center"| 1999
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/jinnah-papers-quaid-i-azam |title=Jinnah Papers (Quaid-i-Azam) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Philippine Paleographs ([[Hanunó'o script|Hanunoo]], Buid, [[Tagbanwa script|Tagbanua]] and Pala'wan)
|[[Philippines]]
|[[National Museum of the Philippines]], Manila
{{coord|14.586940| 120.981240|format=dms|name=National Museum of the Philippines}}
|align="center"| 1999
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/philippine-paleographs-hanunoo-buid-tagbanua-and-palawan |title=Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Buid, Tagbanua and Pala'wan) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Radio Broadcast of the [[People Power Revolution|Philippine People Power Revolution]]
|[[Philippines]]
|
*[[Radio Veritas|Radio Veritas Asia]], Quezon City {{coord|14.700378| 121.071785|format=dms|name=Radio Veritas Asia, Quezon City}}
*[[Rajah Broadcasting Network]], Makati {{coord|14.552678| 121.013647|format=dms|name=Rajah Broadcasting Network, Makati}}
*Personal Archives of Mr. [[Orly Punzalan]], [[Dasmariñas Village|Dasmariñas]] {{coord|14.283373| 120.961358|format=dms|name=Personal Archives of Mr. Orly Punzalan, Dasmariñas Village}}
|align="center"| 2003
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/radio-broadcast-philippine-people-power-revolution |title=Radio Broadcast of the Philippine People Power Revolution |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[José Maceda]] Collection
|[[Philippines]]
|[[University of the Philippines]] Center for Ethnomusicology, Quezon City
{{coord|14.657119| 121.065581|format=dms|name=University of the Philippines, Center for Ethnomusicology}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"|<ref name="unesco.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/jose-maceda-collection|title=José Maceda Collection |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Presidential Papers of [[Manuel L. Quezon]]
|[[Philippines]]
|[[University of the Philippines]] Center for Ethnomusicology, Quezon City
{{coord|14.657119| 121.065581|format=dms|name=University of the Philippines, Center for Ethnomusicology}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/presidential-papers-manuel-l-quezon |title=Presidential Papers of Manuel L. Quezon |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chludov Psalter|The Khludov Psalter]]
|[[Russia]]
|[[State Historical Museum]], Moscow
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Khludov Psalter |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/khludov-psalter |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hunminjeongeum|Hunminjeongum]] Manuscript: Correct Sounds for the Instruction of the People
|[[South Korea]]
|[[Gansong Art Museum]], Seoul
{{coord|37.593612| 126.996883|format=dms|name=National Library of Korea}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/hunminjeongum-manuscript |title=The Hunmin Chongum Manuscript |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| The [[Annals of the Joseon Dynasty|Annals of the Choson Dynasty]]
|[[South Korea]]
|
*Chongjoksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon {{coord|37.460253| 126.953587|format=dms|name=Chongjoksan Sagobon, Odaesan Sagobon and Sanyoppon}}
*T'aebaeksan Sagobon {{coord|35.178275| 129.084001|format=dms|name=T'aebaeksan Sagobon}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/annals-choson-dynasty |title=The Annals of the Choson Dynasty |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Seungjeongwon ilgi]], the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat
|[[South Korea]]
|[[Kyujanggak|Kyujanggak Library]] and [[Seoul National University]], Seoul
{{coord|37.578998| 126.989511|format=dms|name=Kyujanggak Library and Seoul National University}}
|align="center"| 2001
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/seungjeongwon-ilgi-diaries-royal-secretariat |title=Seungjeongwon Ilgi, the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Baegun hwasang chorok buljo [[jikji]] simche yojeol (vol. II), the second volume of "Anthology of Great Buddhist Priests’ Zen Teachings"
|[[South Korea]]
|[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]], Paris
{{coord|48.833576| 2.375789|format=dms|name=National Library of France}}
|align="center"| 2001
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/baegun-hwasang-chorok-buljo-jikji-simche-yojeol-volii-second-volume-anthology-great-buddhist-priests |title=Baegun hwasang chorok buljo jikji simche yojeol (vol.II), the second volume of "Anthology of Great Buddhist Priests' Zen Teachings" |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Printing woodblocks of the [[Tripitaka Koreana]] and miscellaneous Buddhist scriptures
|[[South Korea]]
|[[Haeinsa|Haeinsa Monastery]], [[Gyeongsangnam-do]]
{{coord|35.801207| 128.098137|format=dms|name=Haeinsa Monastery, Gyeongsangnam-do}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/printing-woodblocks-tripitaka-koreana-and-miscellaneous-buddhist-scriptures |title=Printing woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana and miscellaneous Buddhist scriptures |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Uigwe]]: The Royal Protocols of the [[Joseon Dynasty]]
|[[South Korea]]
|[[Seoul National University]], Seoul
{{coord|37.459273| 126.952075|format=dms|name=Seoul National University}}
|align="center"| 2007
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/uigwe-royal-protocols-joseon-dynasty |title=Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Dongui Bogam]]: Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine
|[[South Korea]]
|[[National Library of Korea]], Seoul
{{coord|37.497763| 127.003675|format=dms|name=National Library of Korea}}
|align="center"| 2009
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/donguibogam-principles-and-practice-eastern-medicine |title=Donguibogam: Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Human Rights Documentary Heritage 1980 Archives for the [[Gwangju Democratization Movement|May 18th Democratic Uprising against Military Regime]], in Gwangju, Republic of Korea
|[[South Korea]]
|
*[[Gwangju|Gwangju City Hall]] {{coord|35.160072| 126.851467|format=dms|name=Gwangju City Hall}}
*May 18 Memorial Foundation, [[Gwangju]] {{coord|35.149523| 126.916777|format=dms|name=May 18 Memorial Foundation, Gwangju}}
*[[Chonnam National University]], Gwangju {{coord|35.176963| 126.905873|format=dms|name=Chonnam National University, Gwangju}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/human-rights-documentary-heritage-1980-archives-may-18th-democratic-uprising-against-military-regime |title=Human Rights Documentary Heritage 1980 Archives for the May 18th Democratic Uprising against Military Regime, in Gwangju, Republic of Korea |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ilseongnok]]: Records of Daily Reflections
|[[South Korea]]
|[[Seoul National University]], Seoul
{{coord|37.459273| 126.952075|format=dms|name=Seoul National University}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/ilseongnok-records-daily-reflections|title=Ilseongnok: Records of Daily Reflections |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nanjung ilgi]]: War Diary of [[Yi Sun-sin|Admiral Yi Sun-sin]]
|[[South Korea]]
|Hyeonchungsa Shrine, [[Asan]]
{{coord|36.806508| 127.031968|format=dms|name=Hyeonchungsa Shrine, Asan}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/nanjung-ilgi-war-diary-admiral-yi-sun-sin |title=Nanjung ilgi: War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Archives of [[Saemaeul Movement|Saemaul Undong]] (New Community Movement)
|[[South Korea]]
|
*[[National Archives of Korea]], Seoul {{coord|36.360827| 127.385452|format=dms|name=National Archives, Seoul}}
*Korea Saemaul Undong Center {{coord|37.502635| 127.067141|format=dms|name=Korea Saemaul Undong Center}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite web| title=Archives of Saemaul Undong (New Community Movement) |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-saemaul-undong-new-community-movement |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Confucian Printing Woodblocks
|[[South Korea]]
|[[The Advanced Center for Korean Studies]], Andong
{{coord|36.702255| 128.810703|format=dms|name=The Advanced Center for Korean Studies, Andong}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/confucian-printing-woodblocks |title=Confucian Printing Woodblocks |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| The Archives of the KBS Special Live Broadcast "[[KBS Finding Dispersed Families|Finding Dispersed Families]]"
|[[South Korea]]
|
*[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]], [[Seoul]] {{coord|37.525958|126.915973|format=dms|name=Korean Broadcasting System}}
*[[National Archives of Korea]] {{coord|36.360831|127.385418|format=dms|name=National Archives of Korea}}
*Gallup Korea {{coord|37.574003|126.967257|format=dms|name=Gallup Korea}}
|align="center"| 2015
|align="center"| <ref name=unstoppable1>{{cite web|title=The Archives of the KBS Special Live Broadcast "Finding Dispersed Families" |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-kbs-special-live-broadcast-finding-dispersed-families |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Royal Seal and Investiture Book Collection of the [[Joseon Dynasty]]
|[[South Korea]]
|[[National Palace Museum of Korea]], Seoul
{{coord|37.576576|126.975098|format=dms|name=National Palace Museum of Korea}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref name=unstoppable2>{{cite web| title= Royal Seal and Investiture Book Collection of the Joseon Dynasty |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/royal-seal-and-investiture-book-collection-joseon-dynasty |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Archives of the [[National Debt Repayment Movement|National Debt Redemption Movement]]
|[[South Korea]]
|National Debt Redemption Movement Memorial Park
{{coord|35.869422|128.606033|format=dms|name=National Debt Redemption Movement Memorial Park}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-national-debt-redemption-movement |title=Archives of the National Debt Redemption Movement |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Documents on [[Joseon Tongsinsa|Joseon Tongsinsa/Chosen Tsushinshi]]: The History of Peace Building and Cultural Exchanges between Korea and Japan from the 17th to 19th Century
|[[South Korea]], [[Japan]]
|
*[[Seoul National University]] Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies {{coord|37.462090| 126.950237|format=dms|name=Seoul National University Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies}}
*[[National Library of Korea]] {{coord|37.497763| 127.003675|format=dms|name=National Library of Korea}}
*[[National Institute of Korean History]] {{coord|37.424203| 126.979690|format=dms|name=National Institute of Korean History}}
*[[Korea University Library System|Korea University Library]] {{coord|37.584651| 127.026487|format=dms|name=Korea University Library}}
*Chungnam Institute of History and Culture {{coord|36.489140| 127.146737|format=dms|name=Chungnam Institute of History and Culture}}
*[[National Museum of Korea]] {{coord|37.523847| 126.980404|format=dms|name=National Museum of Korea}}
*[[Busan Museum]] {{coord|35.129724| 129.094084|format=dms|name=Busan Museum}}
*[[National Palace Museum of Korea]] {{coord|37.576576| 126.975098|format=dms|name=National Palace Museum of Korea}}
*[[Korea National Maritime Museum]] {{coord|35.078493| 129.080272|format=dms|name=Korea National Maritime Museum}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/documents-joseon-tongsinsa/chosen-tsushinshi-history-peace-building-and-cultural-exchanges-between |title=Documents on Joseon Tongsinsa/Chosen Tsushinshi: The History of Peace Building and Cultural Exchanges between Korea and Japan from the 17th to 19th Century |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|Collection of documents from [[Divashtich|Mount Mugh]]
|[[South Korea]], [[Uzbekistan]]
|
* International Institute for Central Asian Studies, [[Samarkand]]
* International Center for Documentary Heritage, [[North Chungcheong Province|North Chungcheong]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection of documents from Mount Mugh |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/collection-documents-mount-mugh |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|Korea Reforestation Archives: A reforestation model achieved through public-private governance
|[[South Korea]]
|Korea Society of Forest Policy, [[Seoul]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Korea Reforestation Archives: A reforestation model achieved through public-private governance |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/korea-reforestation-archives-reforestation-model-achieved-through-public-private-governance |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|Revealing Truth: [[Jeju uprising|Jeju 4·3]] Archives
|[[South Korea]]
|
* Jeju Special Self-Governing Provincial Government, [[Jeju City|Jeju-si]]
* Jeju 4·3 Peace Foundation, Jeju-si
* [[National Archives of Korea]], Daejeon
* Jeju 4·3 Research Institute, Jeju-si
* Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum, Jeju-si
* ''Hagwi-ri'' Village Development Council, Jeju-si
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revealing Truth: Jeju 4·3 Archives |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/revealing-truth-jeju-43-archives |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' (6th century BCE to 1815 CE)
|[[Sri Lanka]]
|Palm Leaf Manuscripts Collection, [[University of Peradeniya]]
{{Coord|7|15|15|N|80|35|48|E|format=dms|name=University of Peradeniya}}
|align="center"| 2023
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/mahavamsa-great-chronicle-sri-lanka-covering-period-6th-century-bce-1815-ce |title=Mahavamsa, the Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka (covering the period 6th century BCE to 1815 CE) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|Documents Connected with the [[Panadurawadaya|Pānadurā Vādaya]] (The Great Debate of Panadura) in 1873
|[[Sri Lanka]]
|[[National Library and Documentation Services Board]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documents Connected with the Pānadurā Vādaya (The Great Debate of Panadura) in 1873 |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/documents-connected-panadura-vadaya-great-debate-panadura-1873 |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|[[Galle Trilingual Inscription|Trilingual Inscription (TribhashaSellipiya)]]
|[[Sri Lanka]], [[China]]
|[[Colombo National Museum]], Colombo
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trilingual Inscription (TribhashaSellipiya) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/trilingual-inscription-tribhashasellipiya |access-date=2025-12-11 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| The manuscript of [[Obeid e zakani|Ubayd Zakoni]]'s Kulliyat and [[Hafez|Hafez Sherozi]]'s Gazalliyt (14th century)
|[[Tajikistan]]
|Institute of the Written Heritage of the Academy of Sciences, [[Dushanbe]]
{{coord|38.570959| 68.791934|format=dms|name=Institute of the Written Heritage of the Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe}}
|align="center"| 2003
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/manuscript-ubayd-zakonis-kulliyat-and-hafez-sherozis-gazalliyt-xiv-century |title=The manuscript of Ubayd Zakoni's Kulliyat and Hafez Sherozi's Gazalliyt (XIV century) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| The [[King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription]]
|[[Thailand]]
|[[Bangkok National Museum]], [[Bangkok]]
{{coord|13.758195| 100.491799|format=dms|name=Bangkok National Museum}}
|align="center"| 2003
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/king-ram-khamhaeng-inscription|title=The King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Archival Documents of [[King Chulalongkorn]]'s Transformation of [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] (1868–1910)
|[[Thailand]]
|
* [[National Library of Thailand]], [[Bangkok]] {{coord|13.772305| 100.505114|format=dms|name=National Library of Thailand}}
* [[National Archives of Thailand]], [[Bangkok]] {{coord|13.773143| 100.504566|format=dms|name=National Archives of Thailand}}
|align="center"| 2009
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archival-documents-king-chulalongkorns-transformation-siam-1868-1910 |title=Archival Documents of King Chulalongkorn's Transformation of Siam (1868–1910) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Epigraphic Archives of [[Wat Pho]]
|[[Thailand]]
|[[Wat Pho]], [[Bangkok]]
{{coord|13.746538| 100.493298|format=dms|name=Wat Pho, Bangkok}}
|align="center"| 2011
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/epigraphic-archives-wat-pho |title=Epigraphic Archives of Wat Pho |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| "The Minute Books of the Council of the [[Siam Society]]", 100 years of recording international cooperation in research and the dissemination of knowledge in the arts and sciences
|[[Thailand]]
|[[National Archives of Thailand]], [[Bangkok]]
{{coord|13.773143| 100.504566|format=dms|name=National Archives of Thailand}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|title=The Minute Books of the Council of the Siam Society", 100 years of recording international cooperation in research and the dissemination of knowledge in the arts and sciences |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/minute-books-council-siam-society-100-years-recording-international-cooperation-research-and |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[The Royal Photographic Glass Plate Negatives and Original Prints Collection]]
|[[Thailand]]
|[[National Archives of Thailand]], [[Bangkok]]
{{coord|13.773143| 100.504566|format=dms|name=National Archives of Thailand}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Photographic Glass Plate Negatives and Original Prints Collection
|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/royal-photographic-glass-plate-negatives-and-original-prints-collection |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| National Collection of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts of [[Wat Phra That Phanom|Phra That Phanom]] Chronicle
|[[Thailand]]
|[[National Library of Thailand]], [[Bangkok]]
{{coord|13.772305| 100.505114|format=dms|name=National Library of Thailand}}
|align="center"| 2023
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title= National Collection of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts of Phra That Phanom Chronicle
|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/royal-photographic-glass-plate-negatives-and-original-prints-collection |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|The Birth of the [[ASEAN|Association of Southeast Asia Nations]] (ASEAN) (Archives about the Formation ASEAN, 1967 – 1976)
|[[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Indonesia]]
|
* [[National Archives of Indonesia]], Jakarta
* [[National Archives of Malaysia]], Kuala Lumpur
* [[National Archives of Singapore]]
* [[Thai Film Archive]], Salaya
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Birth of the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) (Archives about the Formation ASEAN, 1967 – 1976) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/birth-association-southeast-asia-nations-asean-archives-about-formation-asean-1967-1976 |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World}}</ref>
|-
|The [[The King of the White Elephant|King of the White Elephant]] and the archival documents
|[[Thailand]]
|
* [[Thai Film Archive]], Salaya
* [[Thammasat University]], Bangkok
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The King of the White Elephant and the archival documents |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/king-white-elephant-and-archival-documents |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
|The Manuscript of Nanthopananthasut Kamlaung (22 July 1736)
|[[Thailand]]
|[[National Library of Thailand]], Bangkok
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Manuscript of Nanthopananthasut Kamlaung (22 July, 1736) |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/manuscript-nanthopananthasut-kamlaung-22-july-1736 |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| On the Birth of a Nation: Turning points ([[Max Stahl]] collection of audiovisual documents)
|[[Timor Leste]]
|[[Timorese Resistance Archive and Museum|Archives & Museum of East Timorese Resistance]]
{{coord|-8.555558| 125.577499|format=dms|name=Archives & Museum of East Timorese Resistance}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name=stahl>{{cite web|title=On the Birth of a Nation: Turning points |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/birth-nation-turning-points |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Uthman Qur'an|Holy Koran Mushaf of Othman]]
|[[Uzbekistan]]
|{{ill|The Muslim Board of Uzbekistan|ru|Управление мусульман Узбекистана}}, [[Tashkent]]
{{coord|41.325571| 69.241367|format=dms|name=The Muslim Board of Uzbekistan, Tashkent}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"| <ref name="othman">{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/holy-koran-mushaf-othman |title=Holy Koran Mushaf of Othman |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| The Collection of the Al-Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies
|[[Uzbekistan]]
|[[Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan|Academy of Sciences]], Tashkent
{{coord|41.306589| 69.286559|format=dms|name=Academy of Sciences, Tashkent}}
|align="center"| 1997
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/collection-al-biruni-institute-oriental-studies |title=The Collection of the Al-Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Archives of the Chancellery of [[Khanate of Khiva|Khiva Khans]]
|[[Uzbekistan]]
|Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, [[Tashkent]]
{{coord|41.287496| 69.228878|format=dms|name=Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/archives-chancellery-khiva-khans |title=Archives of the Chancellery of Khiva Khans |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|Camiu't Tevarih/Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh
|[[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkey]]
|
* Al-Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies, [[Tashkent]]
* [[Topkapı Palace|Topkapı Palace Museum Library]]
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Camiu't Tevarih/Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/camiut-tevarih/jami-al-tawarikh |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|-
| [[Arthur Bernard Deacon]] (1903–27) collection MS 90–98
|[[Vanuatu]], [[United Kingdom]]
|[[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|Royal Anthropological Institute]], London
{{coord|51.523794|-0.140062|format=dms|name=Royal Anthropological Institute, London}}
|align="center"| 2013
|align="center"| <ref name=deacon>{{cite web|title=Arthur Bernard Deacon (1903–27) collection MS 90–98 |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/arthur-bernard-deacon-1903-27-collection-ms-90-98 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Woodblocks of the Nguyễn Dynasty]]
|[[Vietnam]]
|{{ill|State Records and Archives Department of Vietnam|vi|Cục Văn thư và Lưu trữ nhà nước (Việt Nam)}}, [[Hanoi]]
{{coord|21.032576| 105.809181|format=dms|name=State Records and Archives Department of Vietnam}}
|align="center"| 2009
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/woodblocks-nguyen-dynasty |title=Woodblocks of Nguyen Dynasty|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| [[Stone stele records of imperial examinations of the Lê and Mạc dynasties]]
|[[Vietnam]]
|[[Temple of Literature, Hanoi|Temple of Literature]]
{{coord|21.029363| 105.836164|format=dms|name=Temple of Literature, Hanoi}}
|align="center"| 2010
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/stone-stele-records-royal-examinations-le-and-mac-dynasties-1442-1779 |title=Stone Stele Records of Royal Examinations of the Le and Mac Dynasties (1442-1779) |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| Imperial Archives of [[Nguyễn dynasty|Nguyen Dynasty]] (1802–1945)
|[[Vietnam]]
|National Archives Centre No.1, [[Hanoi]]
{{coord|21.016896| 105.798097|format=dms|name=National Archives Centre No.1, Hanoi}}
|align="center"| 2017
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/imperial-archives-nguyen-dynasty-1802-1945 |title=Imperial Archives of Nguyen Dynasty (1802–1945)|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-03-05}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hoàng Vân (composer)|Composer Hoàng Vân]] Collection
|[[Vietnam]]
|Mrs LÊ Y Linh, Dr. in Musicology, representing the composer's family
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Composer Hoàng Vân Collection |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/composer-hoang-van-collection |access-date=2025-12-09 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Memory of the World Documentary Heritage in the Philippines]]
*[[Suyat]]

==Notes==
{{refbegin}}
{{note|1}} Names and spellings provided are based on the official list released by the Memory of the World Programme.
{{refend}}

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world UNESCO Memory of the World Programme] (official website)
* [https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/30th-anniversary-unescos-memory-world 30th anniversary – UNESCO’s Memory of the World]

{{Memory of the World}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Memory Of The World Register - Asia And The Pacific}}
[[Category:Memory of the World Register| ]]

Omi Gurung

2026-03-24T13:15:11Z

TheronShifflett:

{{Short description|Indian fashion designer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Omi1.jpg
| caption = Omi Gurung
| name = Omi Gurung
| occupation = Fashion designer, social entrepreneur
| birth_place = [[Sikkim]], India
| birth_name = Sandeep Gurung
| website = {{url|omigurung.com}}
}}
'''Omi Gurung''' (born Sandeep Gurung), is an Indian fashion designer and social entrepreneur from [[Sikkim]]. He is popularly known as "The Green Man" of Sikkim. He is one of the famous personalities of Sikkim.
<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article1125665.ece "Are you a patriot?"], ''The Hindu''</ref><ref>[http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0510/bangalore-speaks-the-citys-favourite-weekend-getaways-.html Bangalore Weekend Getaways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903173658/http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0510/bangalore-speaks-the-citys-favourite-weekend-getaways-.html |date=3 September 2010 }}, ''My Bangalore''</ref>
He has been named among the 15 most powerful and influential people in India’s Northeast for 2026 by India Today NE.<ref> https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/northeasts-power-order-the-15-most-powerful-and-influential-people-of-the-region-in-2026-1336207-2026-01-26?utm_source=global-search&utm_medium=global-search&utm_campaign=global-search </ref>
Omi Gurung was conferred with Shri N.J Yasaswy Memorial Award 2026 on the birth anniversary of the founder of the ICFAI Group, N.J Yasaswy in recognition of outstanding contribution to entrepreneurship and innovation, and for inspiring excellence, creativity and entrepreneurial spirit.<ref>
https://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/omi-gurung-honoured-with-nj-yasaswy-memorial-award-2026
</ref>

==Biography==
Gurung was born and brought up in [[Sikkim]]. He is the youngest son of R.K. Gurung, former Secretary of the Department of Mines, Minerals & Geology in the [[Government of Sikkim]], and Beena Gurung.

Omi Gurung is the youth ambassador for EARTHDAY.ORG. Growing out of the first Earth Day in 1970, EARTHDAY.ORG is the world’s largest recruiter to the environmental movement, working with more than 150,000 partners in over 192 countries to drive positive action for our planet. <ref>
https://www.earthday.org/
</ref>

Omi Gurung is a Swachhata Ambassador from Sikkim under the Swachh Bharat Mission, SBM Urban 2.0. <ref>
https://sbmurban.org/
</ref>

Omi Gurung was one of the 50 voices of young environmentalists from South Asia and Southeast Asia in a global campaign called "My Future, My Voice" <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/sikkims-omi-gurung-in-global-climate-campaign |title=Sikkim's Omi Gurung in global climate campaign |publisher=Sikkimexpress |date= |accessdate=2022-08-11}}</ref> which marked the 50th Anniversary of [[Earth Day]] on 22 April 2020. Omi was featured as one of the "Defenders of the Planet Earth" in the 12th-anniversary issue (November 2018) of Eclectic Northeast <ref>{{cite web | title=Defenders of the Planet | work=Issuu | url=https://issuu.com/baliparafoundation/docs/cover_story }}</ref> and featured on the cover page of Northeast Today (January 2018) as one of the "Reigning Champions".

Omi Gurung was listed as one of the top seven well-known personalities from Sikkim in the book "Discover India- State by State" published (2018) by Penguin Books. He was also listed as one of the 50 Himalayan Heroes (Coolest People to Know in Asia) by ''Conde Nast Traveller India'' in its 7th Anniversary Issue (October–November 2017).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/50-people-know-himalayas/ | title=50 people to know in the Himalayas | work=Condé Nast Traveller | date=12 October 2017 | accessdate=30 August 2019 }}</ref>

Omi was a global climate consultant for the award-winning animated film “Songs Of The Earth”. The film premiered on 2 November 2021 at the United Nations Conference, COP 26 in Glasgow Scotland.

Omi was conferred with the national award "Karmaveer Chakra Gold," <ref>{{cite web | title=UN Karmaveer Chakra award for Sikkimese social entrepreneur | url=https://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/un-karmaveer-chakra-award-for-sikkimese-social-entrepreneur }}</ref> instituted by the United Nations and iCongo on 26 November 2023, in 12th edition of UN Karmaveer Chakra Awards held at Faridabad and “Karmaveer Chakra Silver” on 26 November 2019 in 11th edition of UN Karamveer Chakra Awards held at NCR, New Delhi. He received The Telegraph Northeast Excellence Award 2017 for his outstanding contribution towards the growth and development of the Northeast region of India.<ref>{{cite web | title=10 honoured for contribution to NE - Three from Assam bag laurels | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/10-honoured-for-contribution-to-ne-three-from-assam-bag-laurels/cid/1657794 }}</ref> He was conferred with the Balipara Foundation Young Naturalist Award 2016 for his contribution to [[sustainable fashion]] in the Eastern Himalayas.<ref>{{cite web | title=Balipara Foundation Awards - 2016 | url=https://baliparafoundation.com/balipara-foundation-awards-2016/ }}</ref> Gurung was one of the TEDxTalk speakers for a TEDx event held on 8 October 2017 organized by Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology under the license of TED, making him the first TEDx speaker from Sikkim.

He has been featured in leading print media in India including ''The Hindu'',<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/article479012.ece "Designs for a cause"], ''The Hindu''</ref> ''DNA'',<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_fancy-some-earrings-made-out-of-bottle-caps_1409546 "Fancy some earrings made out of bottle caps?"], ''DNA''</ref> ''The Times Of India'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=29&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=04-04-2011&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar02900&format=&publabel=TOI |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 May 2011 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009113759/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=29&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=04-04-2011&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar02900&format=&publabel=TOI |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Midday'',<ref>[http://www.mid-day.com/whatson/2010/jun/030610-workshop-household-objects-World-Environment-Day.htm "Out of the waste"], ''Midday''</ref> ''My Bangalore'',<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>[http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0910/creating-sustainable-fashion-through-household-waste.html "Omi Gurung"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117001745/http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0910/creating-sustainable-fashion-through-household-waste.html |date=17 November 2010 }}, ''My Bangalore''</ref> and ''Sikkim Mail''.<ref name="isikkim.com">{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/53-go-green-with-omi-22/ |title=isikkim.com |publisher=isikkim.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-11}}</ref>

Gurung was a founder of a Bangalore-based social group Oh My India (OMI)<ref name="isikkim.com" /> which created awareness across India to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_making-a-style-statement-by-recycling-and-reusing_1609919|title = Making a style statement by recycling and reusing|date = 9 November 2011}}</ref> domestic waste.

Gurung is the owner of Green Gangtok eco-friendly fashion boutique, the first of its kind in Sikkim.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://theopenhaus.com/int/2011/omi-gurung/ |title=Omi Gurung |access-date=25 November 2011 |archive-date=26 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001813/http://theopenhaus.com/int/2011/omi-gurung/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The boutique houses green choices in apparel, accessories and artifacts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/interview_green-fashion-a-matter-of-making-right-choices-designer-omi-gurung_1597542|title = Green fashion a matter of making right choices: Designer Omi Gurung|date = 11 October 2011}}</ref> The products are natural, upcycled and sustainable.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2567506.ece|title = Do the Deepavali makeover|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 24 October 2011|last1 = Sarkar|first1 = Neeti}}</ref> He attempts to promote the green trend and propagate sustainable consumption among urban consumers.<ref>http://www.thethumbprintmag.com/content.php?cat=Columns&content=Making%20a%20Green%20Fashion%20Statement {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

He was chosen as "Top Ten Cutest Vegetarian Next Door 2013" by PETA India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.petaindia.com/media/gangtok-man-finalist-peta-s-cutest-vegetarian-next-door-contest/|title=Gangtok Man is a Finalist in PETA's 'Cutest Vegetarian Next Door' Contest - Media Centre}}</ref>

He was chosen as one of the Coolest North Easterners in 2014 by the North East India webzine ''The Thumb Print'' as an effort to celebrate achievers from North East India and an exercise to recognize those who inspire others with their works.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

Gurung was listed in the top 50 famous Indian fashion designers in 2015 by [[JD Institute of Fashion Technology]], and as one of the men's style icons from the Northeast by ''Eclectic North East'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eclecticnortheast.in/6-stylish-men-from-ne/ |title=6 Stylish Men from NE - Eclectic Northeast |website=eclecticnortheast.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823171004/https://eclecticnortheast.in/6-stylish-men-from-ne/ |archive-date=2017-08-23}}</ref>

== Education ==
Gurung was educated at Holy Cross School in Tadong, Sikkim. He holds a fashion degree from Vogue Institute of Fashion Technology and a postgraduate diploma in journalism from Sri Sri Centre for [[Media studies|Media Studies]] in Bangalore.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

== Awards and recognition ==

*Omi was conferred with Shri N.J Yasaswy Memorial Award 2026 in recognition of outstanding contribution to entrepreneurship and innovation
*Omi was chosen as one of the youth icons of Sikkim by [[Election Commission of India]] for General Election 2019 and Lok Sabha Election 2019 to educate and to create awareness among people to cast their vote. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecisveep.nic.in/video/register-now-to-vote/appeal-for-registration-in-e-roll-r656/ |title=Appeal for registration in e roll - Registration - Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation |publisher=Ecisveep.nic.in |date=2019-02-25 |accessdate=2022-08-11}}</ref>
*One of the heroes (achievers) of Northeast<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170914/jsp/northeast/story_173069.jsp |title=Achievers on one platform |website=www.telegraphindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023173934/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170914/jsp/northeast/story_173069.jsp |archive-date=2017-10-23}}</ref> at "Arunodoi Northeast Students and Youth Summit 2017" organized under the aegis of the State Level Advisory Committee for Students and Youth Welfare, Govt of Assam on 17 September 2017 at the IGNCA, New Delhi.
*The recipient of The Telegraph Northeast Excellence Award 2017 (''The Telegraph'', ABP Group)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=6204&SectionID= |title=Sikkim Express |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912061936/http://sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=6204&SectionID= |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*The recipient of Young Naturalist Award 2016 (Balipara Foundation)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/omi-gurung-from-sikkim-conferred-with-the-young-naturalist-award-2016/ |title=Omi Gurung from Sikkim Conferred with the 'Young Naturalist Award 2016' |website=thenortheasttoday.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112165659/http://thenortheasttoday.com/omi-gurung-from-sikkim-conferred-with-the-young-naturalist-award-2016/ |archive-date=2016-11-12}}</ref>
*Chosen as the Coolest Northeasterner 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thethumbprintmag.com/the-coolest-northeasterner-2014/|title = The Coolest Northeasterners 2014 | the Thumb Print - A magazine from the East}}</ref> (''The Thumbprint'')
*He was a finalist in PETA India’s Cutest Vegetarian Next Door 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.petaindia.com/mediacentre/news-releases/Gangtok-Man-Is-A-Finalist-in-PETA-s-Cutest-Vegetarian-Next-Door-Contest.aspx|title = Gangtok Man is a Finalist in PETA's 'Cutest Vegetarian Next Door' Contest - Media Centre}}</ref>
*Gurung's design collection "Integration- a new identity" won The Most Creative Collection Award<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb112006/metrosat1517102006210.asp |title=In vogue, this season - Deccan Herald - Internet Edition |access-date=14 April 2013 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023134/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb112006/metrosat1517102006210.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> at the Vogue Mystique Designer Awards, 2005–2006, which was presented by the film actress, dancer and former MP Vyjayantimala Bali.

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurung, Omi}}
[[Category:Indian fashion designers]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Artists from Sikkim]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gurung people]]

T. R. Zeliang

2026-03-24T12:52:42Z

TheronShifflett: cleanup

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = T. R. Zeliang
| image = T. R. Zeliang (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 180
| caption = Zeliang in 2015
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|02|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mbaupungwa]], [[Assam]], [[India]] (now in [[Nagaland]], [[India]])
| residence = Rangkau Mansion, Dimapur, Nagaland
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = 4th [[List of deputy chief ministers of Nagaland|Deputy Chief Minister of Nagaland]]
| governor = [[La Ganesan]] [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]
| term_start = 7 March 2023
| alongside = [[Y. Patton]]
| term_end =
| predecessor = I.K. Sema (1989)
| successor =
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Neiphiu Rio]]
| order1 = 10th
| office1 = Chief Minister of Nagaland
| term_start1 = 19 July 2017
| term_end1 = 8 March 2018
| predecessor1 = [[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]]
| successor1 = [[Neiphiu Rio]]
| term_start2 = 24 May 2014
| term_end2 = 20 February 2017
| predecessor2 = [[Neiphiu Rio]]
| successor2 = [[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]]
| office3 = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Leader Of Opposition]] (LoP) [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 15 March 2018
| term_end3 = 7 May 2022
| successor3 = ''Vacant''
| office4 = Member of [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 2008
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = [[Vatsu Meru]]
| successor4 =
| constituency4 = [[Peren (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Peren]]
| party = [[Naga People's Front]]
| other_party = [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]
| spouse = Kevizenuo Rangkau
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Taditui Rangkau Zeliang''' (born 21 February 1952)<ref name="LEGISLATIVE BODIES IN INDIA">{{cite web|title=LEGISLATIVE BODIES IN INDIA|url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/mpa.htm|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref> is an Indian politician who is 4th serving as the [[List of deputy chief ministers of Nagaland|Deputy Chief Minister of Nagaland]] under [[Neiphiu Rio]] alongside [[Yanthungo Patton]]. He has served twice as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister]] of [[Nagaland]], from May 2014 to February 2017 and from July 2017 to March 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/nagaland-assembly-elections-2018-all-you-need-to-know-about-tr-zeliang-2519883.html |title=Nagaland Assembly Elections 2018: All you need to know about TR Zeliang |work=Moneycontrol News |date=3 March 2018 |access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref> A leader of the [[Naga People's Front]], T. R. Zeliang previously served as a Member of Parliament, representing Nagaland in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Indian Parliament]]. He served as the Chairman of [[United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)]] and was former leader of the NPF Legislature Party and former [[Leader of Opposition]] in [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]. He represents the [[Peren Assembly constituency]] in Nagaland Legislative Assembly since 2008.<ref>[[Election Commission of India]]: ''[http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_Feb_2003/StatReport2003_NL.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529125900/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_Feb_2003/StatReport2003_NL.pdf |date=29 May 2005 }}''</ref>

== Early life and education ==
T. R. Zeliang was born to Rangleu Zeliang on 21 February 1952 to a Zeliang Naga family of [[Mbaupungwa]] village under Peren district.<ref name="LEGISLATIVE BODIES IN INDIA"/><ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /> He received his early education and matriculated from Don Bosco High School in [[Dibrugarh]], Assam and served as the President of Zeliangrong Students Union, General Secretary of Zeliangrong Action Committee and Zeliangrong Youth Organisation while in college.<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /> He later entered politics and became the President of Peren District Youth Congress of the [[Indian National Congress (I)|Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=T R Zeliang at helm after four decades in Nagaland politics |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/t-r-zeliang-at-helm-after-four-decades-in-nagaland-politics/1253877/ |access-date=26 June 2022 |work=The Financial Express |date=24 May 2014}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Zeliang contested the 1982 and 1987 Nagaland Assembly elections unsuccessfully from 6 Tening Assembly Constituency.<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /><ref>{{cite web|title=BIO – DATA OF SHRI T. R. ZELIANG|url=http://nagaland.nic.in/minister/trzeliang.htm|publisher=Government of Nagaland|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref> He then won from Tening four times in a row, beginning with the elections of 1989 as a candidate of the Naga People's Council<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /> and subsequently in 1993, 1998 and 2003 as a candidate of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /><ref>{{cite web|title=NAGALAND 6 – Tenning (ST) Assembly Constituency|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S17/partycomp06.htm|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> He served as [[Minister of State]] for Information and Tourism during 1989–90 and as Minister of State for Relief & Rehabilitation from 1994 to 1998. During 1998 – 2003, he was the Minister for Environment and Forests and Geology and Mining under the Ministry of [[S C Jamir]].<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |title=TR Zeliang takes over as 16th chief minister of Nagaland |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Guwahati/TR-Zeliang-takes-over-as-16th-chief-minister-of-Nagaland/articleshow/35593109.cms |access-date=16 October 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=25 May 2014}}</ref> He formed Nagaland Congress in 2003 and later merged it into [[Nagaland People's Front|Naga People's Front]] (NPF).<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /> From 2004 to 2008, he was a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] to the [[Rajya Sabha]] from Nagaland.<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /> Returning to State politics in 2008, he was Minister for Planning, Geology and Mining, Animal Husbandry and Parliamentary Affairs under the Ministry of [[Neiphiu Rio]]. He contested State elections 9 times, out of which he lost the first two elections and won the remaining 7. He won the assembly elections of 2008, 2013 and 2018 from [[Peren (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Peren]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Declaration of Result – Peren|url=http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/Elec_Results2013/Nagaland/7-Peren.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref>
== Tenture as Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minister==
=== Chief Minister of Nagaland ===
T. R. Zeliang was the [[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister]] of [[Nagaland]] from May 2014 to February 2017<ref name="Zeliang Reference1" /> and from July 2017 to March 2018 as 19th Chief Minister of Nagaland.<ref name="Zeliang Reference1">{{cite news |title=Who is T R Zeliang, the new chief minister of Nagaland |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-is-t-r-zeliang-the-new-chief-minister-of-nagaland/771511/ |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=The Financial Express |date=20 July 2017}}</ref> With 26 legislators in a House of 60, T.R. Zeliang was the legislature leader of the [[Naga People's Front|Naga Peoples' Front]], the single largest Party in [[Nagaland]]. In 2022 T.R. Zeliang became the Chairman of [[United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)]] in the opposition less [[Government of Nagaland]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Nagaland: NPF leader TR Zeliang appointed as chairman of ruling United Democratic Alliance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nagaland-npf-leader-tr-zeliang-appointed-chairman-ruling-uda-1910753-2022-02-09 |magazine=[[India Today]] |agency=PTI |date=9 February 2022 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>

=== Deputy Chief Minister of Nagaland ===
In 2023, he was sworn in as the deputy chief minister along with BJP's [[Yanthungo Patton]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Once Nagaland CM, T R Zeliang back in power, this time as Deputy CM |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/nagaland-tr-zeliang-deputy-chief-minister-8484791/ |access-date=17 June 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=7 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nagaland: Neiphiu Rio-Led Cabinet Sworn In |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/nagaland-neiphiu-rio-led-cabinet-sworn-in-news-268085 |access-date=17 June 2023 |work=Outlook |agency=PTI |date=7 March 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx Profile on Rajya Sabha website]
* [https://thewire.in/politics/as-nagaland-chief-minister-zeliang-allocated-rs-3-crore-to-brother-construction-firm Corruption allegations]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Neiphiu Rio]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Nagaland]]|years=24 May 2014 – 20 February 2017}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Shurhozelie Liezietsu]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Shurhozelie Liezietsu]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Nagaland]]|years=19 July 2017 – 8 March 2018}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Neiphiu Rio]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chief Minister of Nagaland]]
|years=8 March 2023 - Incumbent}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chief Ministers of Nagaland}}
{{Current Indian deputy chief ministers}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zeliang T R}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Nagaland]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:People from Peren district]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Don Bosco schools alumni]]
[[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1989–1992]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Nagaland]]

Krishnapal Malik

2026-03-23T04:00:23Z

TheronShifflett:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Krishan Pal Malik
| alt =
| caption =
| office1 = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Baraut Assembly constituency|Baraut]]
| term_start1 = March 2017
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Lokesh Dikshit]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start2 = 2006
| term_end2 = 2012
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|11|01|df=y}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{for|Indian National Congress politician from Sohagpur (Shahdol)|Krishna Pal Singh}}
MLA '''Krishnapal Malik''' (born 8 September 1960) is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]] and the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Baraut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Krishna Pal Malik, BJP MLA from Baraut – Our Neta |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/krishna-pal-malik/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> He has [[asset]]s which value around 11 crores and by profession he is in to [[agriculture]] and business.<ref>{{cite web |title=Krishanpal Malik Urf Krishanpal Malik MLA of BARAUT Uttar Pradesh contact address & email |url=https://nocorruption.in/politician/krishanpal-malik-urf-krishanpal-malik/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=nocorruption.in |language=en}}</ref>

MLA Krishnapal Malik took a stand against the negligence in building Delhi Yamunotri highway which is still under construction and also wrote a letter to CM Yogi Adityanath mentioning the problems of the people travelling through the area face, as well as mishaps that take place due to the broken and uneven road.<ref>{{Cite web |title=दिल्ली-यमुनोत्री हाइवे निर्माण में देरी पर बीजेपी MLA ने CM योगी और गडकरी को लिखी चिट्ठी |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/bjp-mla-krishnapal-malik-wrote-to-nitin-gadkari-and-cm-yogi-and-accused-of-negligence-in-construction-of-delhi-yamunotri-highway-in-baghpat/620989 |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

He has only one son, Sahil Malik (Delhi University) who is also active in politics.

== Political career ==
He is the sitting MLA in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Baraut, Uttar pradesh.<ref name=":0" />

-Elected MLA from baraut-51 constituency in Uttar Pradesh 2022 (incumbent)

-Elected MLA from baraut-51 constituency in Uttar Pradesh 2017-2022

-Elected member of legislative council (MLC) from Uttar Pradesh 2004–2010.

-Elected member of nagar palika parishad baraut 1989.

-Chairman of nagar palika parishad baraut 1992.

-Chairman of nagar palika parishad baraut 2012.

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Krishnapal}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Baghpat]]
[[Category:1960 births]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Weekend with Ramesh

2026-03-17T09:26:56Z

TheronShifflett: started a data

{{short description|Indian talk show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Weekend with Ramesh title card.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Talk show]]
| creator = [[Raghavendra Hunsur]]
| based_on = Achievers of Karnataka
| presenter = [[Ramesh Aravind]]
| writer = [[Pradyumna Narahalli]]
| voices =
| theme_music_composer = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 5
| num_episodes = 132
| list_episodes = Weekend_with_Ramesh#List_of_episodes
| executive_producer = [[Anil Kumar J]]
| producer = Zee Kannada
| editor = Inhouse
| location = Abbaiah Naidu Studio, [[Bengaluru]]
| cinematography = Inhouse
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = Approx. 90 minutes
| company = Zee Entertainment Enterprises
| channel = [[Zee Kannada]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2014|08|02|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''''Weekend with Ramesh''''' is an Indian [[talk show]] hosted by [[Ramesh Aravind]] on [[Zee Kannada]].<ref>{{cite web |title= What makes Ramesh Aravind a successful anchor? |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/What-makes-Ramesh-Aravind-a-successful-anchor/articleshow/39533520.cms |work= The Times of India |date= 3 August 2014 |accessdate= 24 September 2014}}</ref> The first season of the show began airing on 2 August 2014, and ended on 26 October 2014, after airing 26 episodes.<ref>{{cite web |title= Weekend With Ramesh Comes To A Superlative End |url= http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2014/weekend-with-ramesh-comes-to-a-superlative-end-162656.html |publisher= [[Filmibeat]].com |date= 28 October 2014 |accessdate= 7 November 2014}}</ref> The second season of the show aired from 26 December 2015 to 16 April 2016. The third season aired from 26 March 2017 and 2 July 2017. Raghavendra Hunsur directed the first Season, Prakash G., seasons 2 and 3, while Anil Kumar J. directed seasons 4 and 5. [[Pradyumna Narahalli]] wrote the seasons 2 and 3.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ozee.com/shows/weekend-with-ramesh-season-3/video/weekend-with-ramesh-season-3-episode-28-july-2-2017-full-episode.html | title=Weekend With Ramesh Season 3 | publisher= [[Zee Kannada]] ozee.com | accessdate=26 April 2018 }}</ref>

==Overview==
The format of the show involves achievers on various fields, primarily from [[Karnataka]], being invited and the story of their life being told. It involves appearances of various people associated with the "achiever" who narrate incidents from their association with the person. The show is being taped at Abbaiah Naidu Studio in the [[Chikkalasandra]] locality of [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Shivarajkumar in Weekend with Ramesh |url= http://www.chitraloka.com/news/5473-shivarajkumar-in-weekend-with-ramesh.html |publisher= Chitraloka.com |date= 22 September 2014 |accessdate= 24 September 2014 |archive-date= 24 September 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140924075512/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/5473-shivarajkumar-in-weekend-with-ramesh.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> The first season began airing on 2 August 2014, with actor [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] as the first invitee.<ref>{{cite web |title= Puneeth makes the cut for Ramesh Aravind |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/tv/Puneeth-makes-the-cut-for-Ramesh-Aravind/articleshow/39353564.cms |work= The Times of India |date= 31 July 2014 |accessdate= 24 September 2014}}</ref> Season 1 ended on 26 October, with the host Ramesh Aravind on the "achievers' seat", with film director and lyricist [[Yogaraj Bhat]] as the host.

The second season saw invitees mostly personalities of [[Kannada cinema]] like [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Ambareesh]], [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Anant Nag]], [[Raghu Dixit]], [[Sudeepa]]. Season three saw a mix of professions with achievers from entertainment industry like [[Arjun Janya]], [[Gangavathi Pranesh]], [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan]]; poet, writer, lyricist [[Jayanth Kaikini]]; former judge of the [[Supreme Court Of India]], former [[Solicitor General of India]] and [[Lokayukta]] for Karnataka [[N. Santosh Hegde]]; police officer Ravi D. Channannavar; businessman [[Vijay Sankeshwar]]; litterateur, priest, writer [[Hiremagaluru Kannan]] and some politicians. The season 4 was aired starting 20 April 2019. Philanthropist and the Dharmadhikari of the [[Dharmasthala Temple]] [[Veerendra Heggade]], industrialist and co-founder of [[Infosys]] [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]] and an inspirational writer, speaker, philanthropist, chairperson of the [[Infosys Foundation]] [[Sudha Murthy]] were invited.

The show returned after a three-year gap for its fifth season, in March 2023. It was reported that the makers hoped to have film personalities [[Rishab Shetty]] and [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]], cardiac surgeon [[Devi Shetty]], and former cricketers [[Rahul Dravid]] and [[Anil Kumble]] on the show.<ref>{{cite news |title=Weekend with Ramesh is back after three years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/weekend-with-ramesh-is-back-after-three-years/articleshow/97817447.cms |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=11 February 2023}}</ref> Actress [[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]] was the first guest on the show, which was aired on 25 March.<ref>{{cite news |last1=S. |first1=Sridevi |title=Ramya to be first guest on Weekend with Ramesh season 5 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/ramya-to-be-first-guest-on-weekend-with-ramesh-season-5/articleshow/98850708.cms |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=21 March 2023}}</ref> The [[List of deputy chief ministers of Karnataka|deputy chief minister of Karnataka]] [[D. K. Shivakumar]] was the last guest of the season.<ref>{{cite news |title=ವೀಕೆಂಡ್‌ ವಿತ್‌ ರಮೇಶ್‌ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಕೊನೆಯ ಸಂಚಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಡಿ.ಕೆ.ಶಿವಕುಮಾರ್ |url=https://kannada.newsx.com/bengaluru/dk-shivakumar-in-the-last-episode-of-weekend-with-ramesh |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=NewsX Kannada |date=10 June 2023 |language=kn}}</ref>

==List of episodes==

===Season 1===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:skyBlue"| No.
! style="background:skyBlue"| Guest(s)
! style="background:skyBlue" width="145"| Original air date
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 1 || rowspan="2" | [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] || 2 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 2 || 3 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 3 || rowspan="2" | [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] || 9 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 4 || 10 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 5 || H. R. Ranganath || 16 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 6 || [[Arjun Sarja]] || 17 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 7 || rowspan="2" | [[Yash (actor)|Yash]] || 23 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 8 || 24 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 9 || [[Yogaraj Bhat]] || 30 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 10 || [[T. N. Seetharam]] || 31 August 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 11 || [[Dwarakish]] || 6 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 12 || Ashwin Karthik || 7 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 13 || [[Radhika Pandit]] || 13 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 14 || [[Gurukiran]] || 14 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 15 || rowspan="2" | [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] || 20 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 16 || 21 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 17 || rowspan="2" | [[Shiva Rajkumar]] || 27 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 18 || 28 September 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 19 || [[G. R. Gopinath]] || 4 October 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 20 || Syed Afsar || 5 October 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 21 || [[Umashree]] || 11 October 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 22 || [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] || 12 October 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 23 || [[Master Hirannaiah]] || 18 October 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 24 || [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] || 19 October 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 25 || rowspan="2" | [[Ramesh Aravind]] || 25 October 2014
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 26 || 26 October 2014
|}

===Season 2===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:skyBlue"| No.
! style="background:skyBlue"| Guest(s)
! style="background:skyBlue" width="145"| Original air date
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 1 || [[Prem (film director)|Prem]] || 26 December 2015
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 2 || [[Rakshita]] || 27 December 2015
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 3 || rowspan="2" | [[Vijay Prakash]] || 2 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 4 || 3 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 5 || [[Duniya Vijay]] || 9 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 6 ||[[Rajesh Krishnan]]|| 10 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 7 ||[[Devaraj]]|| 16 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 8 ||[[Rangayana Raghu]]|| 17 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 9 || rowspan="2" | [[Ambareesh]] || 23 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 10 || 24 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 11 || rowspan="2" | [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] || 30 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 12 || 31 January 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 13 || rowspan="2" | [[Sadhu Kokila]] || 6 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 14 || 7 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 15|| [[Srujan Lokesh]] || 13 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 16|| [[Doddanna]] || 14 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 17 || rowspan="2" | [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] || 20 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 18 || 21 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 19 || rowspan="2" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 27 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 20 || 28 February 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 21 || rowspan="2" | [[Anant Nag]] || 5 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 22 || 6 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 23 || rowspan="2" | [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] || 12 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 24 || 13 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 25 || rowspan="2" |[[Raghu Dixit]]|| 19 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 26 || 20 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 27|| [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leealavathi]] || 26 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 28|| [[Rockline Venkatesh]] || 27 March 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 29|| [[Sudha Rani]] || 2 April 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 30|| [[B. Saroja Devi]] || 3 April 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 31|| [[Saikumar (actor, born 1960)|Saikumar]] || 9 April 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 32|| [[P. Ravi Shankar]] || 10 April 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 33 || rowspan="2" | [[Sudeepa|Kiccha Sudeepa]] || 16 April 2016
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 34 || 17 April 2016

|}

===Season 3===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:skyBlue"| No.
! style="background:skyBlue"| Guest(s)
! style="background:skyBlue" width="145"| Original air date
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 1 || rowspan="2" | [[Prakash Raj]] || 25 March 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 2 || 26 March 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 3 || rowspan="2" | [[Jaggesh]] || 1 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 4 || 2 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 5 || rowspan="2" | [[Arjun Janya]] || 8 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 6 || 9 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 7 || rowspan="2" | [[Gangavathi Pranesh]] || 15 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 8 || 16 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 9|| [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan]] || 22 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 10|| [[Jayanth Kaikini]] || 23 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 11||Ravi D. Channannavar|| 29 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 12|| [[V. Harikrishna]] || 30 April 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 13|| [[Rakshit Shetty]] || 6 May 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 14|| [[Priyamani]] || 7 May 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 15|| [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]] || 13 May 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 16|| [[N. Santosh Hegde]] || 14 May 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 17|| Krishnegowda || 20 May 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 18|| [[Vijay Raghavendra]] || 21 May 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 19|| [[B. Jayashree]] || 3 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 20|| [[Vijay Sankeshwar]] || 4 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 21|| rowspan="2" |[[H. D. Deve Gowda]] || 10 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 22 || 11 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 23|| [[Shruti (actress)|Shruthi]] || 17 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 24|| [[Hiremagaluru Kannan]] || 18 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 25 || rowspan="2" | [[Siddaramaiah]] || 24 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 26 || 25 June 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 27|| rowspan="2" | [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] || 1 July 2017
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 28 || 2 July 2017
|}

===Season 4===

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:skyBlue"| No.
! style="background:skyBlue"| Guest(s)
! style="background:skyBlue" width="145"| Original air date
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 1 || rowspan="2" | [[Veerendra Heggade]] || 20 April 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 2
|21 April 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 3 || rowspan="2" | [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]] || 27 April 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 4
|28 April 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 5 || [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] || 4 May 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 6 || [[Prakash Belawadi]] || 5 May 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 7 || [[Shashi Kumar]] || 11 May 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 8 || [[Vinaya Prasad]] || 12 May 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 9 || rowspan="2" | [[Sriimurali]] || 18 May 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 10
| 19 May 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 11 || [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]] || 1 June 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 12 || [[Sudha Murthy]] || 2 June 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 13 || [[Sumalatha]] || 8 June 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 14 || [[T. S. Nagabharana]] || 9 June 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 15 || rowspan="2" | [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] || 15 June 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 16
| 16 June 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 17
|[[Vaijanath Biradar]]
|21 June 2019
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 18
|[[Chikkanna]]
|22 June 2019
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 19
|[[Shankar Bidari]]
|29 June 2019
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 20
|[[B. B. Ashok Kumar]]
|30 June 2019
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 21
|[[Rajendra Singh Babu]]
|6 July 2019
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 22
|[[Chandrashekhara Kambara]]
|7 July 2019
|}

===Season 5===

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:skyBlue"| No.
! style="background:skyBlue"| Guest(s)
! style="background:skyBlue" width="145"| Original air date
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 1 || rowspan="2" | [[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]] || 25 March 2023
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 2
| 26 March 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 3 || rowspan="2" | [[Prabhu Deva]] || 1 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 4
| 2 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 5 || rowspan="1" | [[C. N. Manjunath]] || 8 April 2023
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 6 || rowspan="1" |[[H. G. Dattatreya]]|| 9 April 2023
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 7 || rowspan="2"|[[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]]||15 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 8 || 16 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 9 || rowspan="1"|[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]||22 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 10 || rowspan="1"|[[Mandya Ramesh]]||23 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 11 || rowspan="1"|[[Sihi Kahi Chandru]]||29 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 12 || rowspan="1"|Gururaj Karjagi||30 April 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 13 || rowspan="2"|[[Prem (Kannada actor)|Prem]]|| 6 May 2023
|- style="background:#eff;"
| 14
| 7 May 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 15 || rowspan="1"|[[Chinni Prakash]]|| 13 May 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 16 || rowspan="1"|[[N. Someswara]]|| 14 May 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 17 || rowspan="1"|[[V. Nagendra Prasad]]|| 20 May 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 18 || rowspan="1"|S K Umesh
|21 May 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 19 || rowspan="1"|[[Doddarangegowda]]|| 27 May 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 20 || rowspan="1"|[[Jai Jagadish]]|| 28 May 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 21 || rowspan="2"|[[D. K. Shivakumar]]||10 June 2023
|-style="background:#eff;"
| 22 || 11 June 2023
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://zeekannada.zee5.com}}
* {{IMDb title|tt5636354}}

[[Category:Indian television talk shows]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Kannada original programming]]

Narendra Gupta (actor)

2026-03-15T02:45:09Z

TheronShifflett: new

{{Short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Narendra Gupta
| image = Narendra Gupta.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Gupta in 2013
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Date of birth and age|1962|07|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jaipur]], Rajasthan, India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1988–present
| known_for = [[Dr. R. P. Salunkhe (character of C.I.D.)|Dr. R. P. Salunkhe]] (''[[CID (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]'')
| height_cm =
| television =
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Narendra Gupta''' is an Indian film and television actor who appears in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] television serials and films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-29 |title=Narendra Gupta plays 235-year-old genius in 'Mauka-E-Vardaat – Operation Vijay' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/narendra-gupta-plays-235-year-old-genius-in-mauka-e-vardaat-operation-vijay/articleshow/86608777.cms |access-date=2023-12-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is best known for his role as forensic expert [[Dr. R. P. Salunkhe (character of C.I.D.)|Dr. R. P. Salunkhe]] in the detective television series ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2021-10-14 |title=I miss my CID family like a child would miss his father, says Narendra Gupta who has joined Mauka-E-Vardaat |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-miss-my-cid-family-like-a-child-would-miss-his-father-says-narendra-gupta-who-has-joined-mauka-e-vardaat/articleshow/87018092.cms |access-date=2023-12-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Studio |first=Rajasthan |date=2020-06-29 |title=Acting Techniques With CID Forensic Expert Narendra Gupta |url=https://rajasthanstudio.com/acting-techniques-with-cid-forensic-expert-narendra-gupta/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Rajasthan Studio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CID producer Pradeep Uppoor no more. Shivaji Satam, Narendra Gupta share condolences |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/cid-producer-pradeep-uppoor-no-more-shivaji-satam-narendra-gupta-share-condolences-2346423-2023-03-14 |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=CID cast then and now; Here’s how Daya, Inspector Abhijeet and others look now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/cid-cast-then-and-now-heres-how-daya-inspector-abhijeet-and-others-look-now/photostory/92229707.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Gupta was born in [[Jaipur]], Rajasthan, and was the youngest child of a business family. His father was originally from [[Uttar Pradesh]], but migrated to [[Rajasthan]]. As a young student, he loved to study science and mathematics, though when he arrived in college, he started to read about arts and cinema. His mother's dream was for him to become a doctor. But he wanted to be an actor.<ref>{{Citation |title=Meri Baatcheet with Narendra Gupta (CID Fame {{!}} Dr. Salunkhe) {{!}} By Anuj Guptaa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpSLSkeqLPs |access-date=2024-01-16 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gupta started his acting career with [[DD National]]'s ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya]]'' in 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-16 |title=Original Wagle Ki Duniya Actors Virendra Saxena And Narendra Gupta Enjoy A Cameo In Sony SAB's Sequel |url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/tv/original-wagle-ki-duniya-actors-virendra-saxena-and-narendra-gupta-enjoy-a-cameo-in-sony-sabs-sequel-article175456.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111055524/https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/tv/original-wagle-ki-duniya-actors-virendra-saxena-and-narendra-gupta-enjoy-a-cameo-in-sony-sabs-sequel-article175456.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=Desimartini |language=en}}</ref> He joined the ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]'' series in 1998. He made his debut in the episode "The Case of the Incomplete Letter", where he was initially referred to as Dr. Verma but started being referred to as Dr. Salunkhe from episode "The Case of the Burnt Letter". He gained popularity by playing the role of forensic expert [[Dr. R. P. Salunkhe (character of C.I.D.)|Dr. R. P. Salunkhe]] in this series.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=CID reunion moments with Shivaji Satam, Dayanand Shetty and the cast: Here's what they are doing now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/cid-reunion-moments-with-shivaji-satam-dayanand-shetty-and-the-cast-heres-what-they-are-doing-now/photostory/95961013.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C.I.D. might soon be on 70mm |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/c-i-d-might-soon-be-on-70mm-605226 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

[[File:CID TV Serial Team 2.jpg|thumb|right|Narendra Gupta with co-actors of ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]'' (from left–[[Shraddha Musale]], [[Ansha Sayed]], [[Hrishikesh Pandey]], Shivaji Satam, Narendra Gupta, [[Janvi Chheda]] and [[Ajay Nagrath]])]]

In 2014, Narendra Gupta appeared in ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' with [[Shivaji Satam]], [[Aditya Srivastava]] and [[Dayanand Shetty]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-23 |title=Amitabh Bachchan reveals CID team’s funny side on Kaun Banega Crorepati |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-reveals-CID-teams-funny-side-on-Kaun-Banega-Crorepati/articleshow/43245231.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Gupta has acted in many popular television serials and films including ''[[Elaan (1994 film)|Elaan]]'' (1994), [[Hulchul (1995 film)|''Hulchul'']] (1995), ''[[Udaan (1997 film)|Udaan]]'' (1997), ''[[Police Force: An Inside Story|Police Force]]'' (2004), ''[[Forensic (2022 film)|Forensic]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Narendra Gupta on playing 235-year-old character in Mauka-E-Vardaat|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/narendra-gupta-on-playing-235-year-old-character-in-mauka-e-vardaat-318238|website=tribuneindia.com|access-date=2024-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-06 |title=CIF – Crime Investigation Force all set for launch on Dangal |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/photos/cif-crime-investigation-force-set-launch-dangal/2019/09/06 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role
|-
| 1991 || ''Maut Ki Sazaa''||
|-
| 1993 || ''Karamati Coat''|| Lala
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Elaan (1994 film)|Elaan]]''|| Conspirator to make Ramakant Chaudhary as a mental patient
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Anth]]''|| Telephone booth owner
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Hulchul (1995 film)|Hulchul]]''|| Bhandari Shobhraj's Secretary
|-
| 1996 || ''Aadhe Adhure''||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Tu Chor Main Sipahi]]''|| Chhota Khan
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Shastra (film)|Shastra]]''||
|-
| 1997 || [[Udaan (1997 film)|''Udaan'']]|| Inmate of a mental hospital
|-
| 2001 || ''Boond''||
|-
| 2004 || ''School''||
|-
| 2004 || ''Kadvi Dava''|| Chaubey
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Police Force: An Inside Story|Police Force]]''|| Saxena
|-
|2005
|''[[Dhamkee (2005 film)|Dhamkee]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhamkee – The Extortion – Movie – - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1728 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
|Rameshwar Pillai aka Ramya
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Tum Milo Toh Sahi]]''|| Store Manager
|-
|2018
|''Banoffee Pie''
|Man 1
|-
|2022
|''[[Forensic (2022 film)|Forensic]]''
|Dr. Solanki
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya]]''|| Inspector Tyagi ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]''|| Digha ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series)|Byomkesh Bakshi]]''|| Ravi Verma ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)#Season 1 (1995–2001)|Aahat]]''|| Lawyer || Episode 106 & 107 (Shakti)
|-
| 1998 || ''Rishtey''|| ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Piya Ka Ghar (TV series)|Piya Ka Ghar]]''|| Durgashankar Sharma ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar|Saat Phere... Saloni Ka Safar]]''|| Aapji ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Mano Ya Na Mano (2006 TV series)|Mano Ya Na Mano]]'' || Jewellery Shop Proprietor, Mr. Pandey || 2 episodes
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Saath Saath Banayenge Ek Aashiyaan]]''|| Banwari ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[CID (Indian TV series)#CID Chhote Heroes Episodes|C.I.D. Chhote Heroes]]''|| Dr. R. P. Salunkhe ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati#Season 8: 2014|Kaun Banega Crorepati (Season 8)]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance
|-
| 2012–2014 || ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''|| Dr. R. P. Salunkhe || 2 episodes
|-
| 2016 || ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''|| Himself || Guest appearance
|-
|2016
|[[SuperCops Vs Super Villains|''SuperCops Vs Super Villains'']]
|Harshwardhan
|
|-
| 1998–2018; 2024–present || ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]''|| Dr. R. P. Salunkhe ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[CIF (TV series)|CIF]]''|| Dr. D'Souza ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Mauka-E-Vardaat]]''|| Newton Chattopadhyay ||
|-
| 2023 || ''Mauka Ya Dhokha''|| Mr. Chawla ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{imdb name|1089898}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Narendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]
[[Category:Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Male actors from Rajasthan]]

Teejan Bai

2026-03-09T00:50:54Z

TheronShifflett: add information as per guidelines

{{short description|Indian singer (born 1956)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person|honorific-prefix= [[Padma Vibhushan]]
|image = Teejan Bai performing at Bharat Bhawan Bhopal (2).jpg
|
|imagesize = 250px |
| name = Teejan Bai
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1956|8|8}}
| birth_place = Ganiyari village, [[Durg]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| height =
| yearsactive =
| birth_name =
| othername =
| occupation = [[Pandavani]] folk singer
| spouse = Tukka Ram
| children =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] 2019 [[Padma Bhushan]] 2003 [[Padma Shri]] 1988 [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] 1995 [[Fukuoka Prize]] 2018 
[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=In A World Full Of Conflict, Indian Arts Can Spread Peace And Harmony: President Murmu |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/in-a-world-full-of-conflict-indian-arts-can-spread-peace-and-harmony-president-murmu-news-264785 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Outlook India |date=23 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=राज्यपाल और मुख्यमंत्री ने संगीत नाटक अकादमी फैलोशिप मिलने पर तीजनबाई को दी बधाई |url=https://jantaserishta.com/local/chhattisgarh/the-governor-and-the-chief-minister-congratulated-teejan-bai-on-receiving-the-sangeet-natak-akademi-fellowship-2066781 |website= Janta Se Rishta |date=24 February 2023 |language=hi |access-date=2023-03-01}}</ref>
}}

'''Teejan Bai''' (born 8 August 1956) is an exponent of [[Pandavani]], a traditional performing art form, from [[Chhattisgarh]], in which she enacts tales from the [[Mahabharata]], with musical accompaniments.

She has been awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1987,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-01-25 |title=Chhattisgarh: Teejan Bai selected for Padma Vibhushan; Bastar band creator Anup Ranjan Pandey to get Padma Shri |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarh-teejan-bai-selected-for-padma-vibhushan-bastar-band-creator-anup-ranjan-pandey-to-get-padma-shri/articleshow/67694484.cms |access-date=2023-08-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2003, and [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2019 by Government of India, besides 1995 [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1995, given by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Teejan Bai was born in Ganiyari village, {{convert|14|km}} north of [[Bhilai]], to Chunuk Lal Pardhi and his wife Sukhwati.<ref>[http://deepblueink.com/writing/profiles/pandavani.htm Pandavani]</ref> She belongs to the [[Pardhi]] [[Scheduled Tribe]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] state.

The eldest among her five siblings, she heard her maternal grandfather, Brijlal Pardhi, recite the Mahabharata written by Chhattisgarhi writer, Sabal Singh Chauhan in [[Chhattisgarhi]] Hindi and instantly took a liking to it. She soon memorised much of it, and later trained informally under Umed Singh Deshmukh.

===Career===
At age 13, she gave her first public performance in a neighbouring village, Chandrakhuri (Durg) for Rs 10., singing in the ''Kapalik'' style of 'Pandavani', a first time for a woman, as traditionally women used to sing in the ''Vedamati'', the sitting style. Contrary to the tradition, Teejan Bai performed standing singing out loud in her typical guttural voice and unmistakable verve, entering what was till then, a male bastion.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050406225730/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/12/13/stories/2004121301150400.htm The Hindu, 13 December 2004]}}</ref>

Within a short time, she became known in the neighbouring villages and invitations poured to perform at special occasions and festivals.

Her big-break came, when [[Habib Tanvir]], a theatre personality from Madhya Pradesh, noticed her talent, and she was called to perform for then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi. In time she received national and international recognition, a [[Padma Shri]] in 1988,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ahmedabad.com/incity/2k/feb/23bai.htm |title=Ahmadabad, 23 February 2000 |access-date=27 November 2007 |archive-date=6 November 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041106054915/http://www.ahmedabad.com/incity/2k/feb/23bai.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1995, and [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2003.

Beginning in the 1980s, she travelled all over the world as a cultural ambassador, to countries as far as England, France, Switzerland, Germany, Turkey, Tunisia, Malta, Cyprus, Romania and Mauritius.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/style/dec/05teejan.htm Teejan Bai, Rediff.com]</ref> She performed sequences from the Mahabharata in [[Shyam Benegal]]'s acclaimed Doordarshan TV series [[Bharat Ek Khoj]] based on [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s book.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PS8lOi_wIf0 YouTube: Bharat Ek Khoj - Episode 5 - Mahabarata I]</ref>

She continues to perform internationally and is known for her folk singing. She has also been involed in passing on the tradition to younger generations. In 2019, she was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, one of India's highest civilian honors.

===Personal life===
Though she was married at 12, she was expelled by the community, the 'Pardhi' tribe, for singing Pandavani, being a woman. She built herself a small hut and started living on her own, borrowing utensils and food from neighbours, yet never left her singing, which eventually paid off for her.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090129143633/http://hindu.com/mp/2005/11/26/stories/2005112605610300.htm The Hindu, 26 November 2005]</ref> She never went to her first husband's home and later split (divorce). In the following years, she was married twice and later became a grandmother.

==Performance style==
[[Pandavani]], literally means stories of [[Pandavas]], the legendary brothers in [[Mahabharat]], and involves enacting and singing with instrumental accompaniment an ektara or a ''tambura'' in one hand and sometimes a ''kartal'' in another. As the performance progresses, the [[Tanpura (instrument)|tambura]] becomes her only prop, sometimes to personify a ''gada'', mace of [[Bhima]], or [[Arjuna]]'s bow or chariot, while at other times it becomes the hair of queen Draupadi, allowing her to play various character with effective ease and candour.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021116/cth2.htm Teejan Bai performance, The Tribune, 16 November 2002]</ref> Her acclaimed performances are of, Draupadi cheerharan, Dushasana Vadh and Mahabharat Yudh, between Bhishma and Arjun.

==Awards==
[[File:Teejan Bai Padma Vibhushan.jpg|thumb|The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Padma Vibhushan Award to Smt. Teejan Bai, at an Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 16 March 2019]]

* 1988 [[Padma Shri]]
* 1995 [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<ref>[http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition&honours_ofmdt.html Sangeet Natak Akademi Award winners] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514193755/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition%26honours_ofmdt.html |date=14 May 2007 }}</ref>
* 2003 Hon. D.Litt., Bilaspur University<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018233823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-12/india/27204121_1_pandwani-teejan-bai-folk-songs The Times of India, 12 Oct 2003]</ref>
* 2003 [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref>[http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php Indian government Padma Awards]</ref>
* 2016 [[M S Subbalaxmi centenary award]]
* 2018 [[Fukuoka Prize|Fukuoka prize]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureate/prize/cul/teejanb.php|title=Teejan Bai｜Laureates|work=Fukuoka Prize|access-date=2018-10-22|language=ja-JP}}</ref>
* 2019 [[Padma Vibhushan]]<ref>[https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/Padma_Awards_2019.pdf Ministry of Home Affairs, India]. 25 January 2019</ref>

==See also==
* [[Music of Chhattisgarh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

*[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Teejan-bai/793712050675430?ref=tn_tnmn Facebook page]
*[http://www.rediff.com/style/dec/05teejan.htm Teejan Bai, a profile on her narration of the Mahabharata]
*[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/dance/article2720614.ece]
*[http://www.kamat.com/database/pictures/5313.htm Portrait of Teejan Bai at Kamat.com]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PS8lOi_wIf0 Bharat Ek Khoj Episode 5 at YouTube.com]
*[https://aarambha.blogspot.com/search/label/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80 Chhattisgarhi Pandwani]

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship|state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bai, Teejan}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women folk singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:Artists from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Fukuoka Prize]]
[[Category:Indian storytellers]]
[[Category:People from Durg district]]
[[Category:Women artists from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:21st-century storytellers]]
[[Category:20th-century storytellers]]

Anjanibai Malpekar

2026-03-08T13:18:01Z

TheronShifflett: stub

{{Short description|Musical artist (1883–1974)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anjanibai Malpekar
| image = File:Ravi Varma-Lady playing the swarbat.jpg
| image_size =
| landscape = 
| spouse = Seth Wasanji Ved
| alt =
| caption = ''Lady Playing the Swarbat'', a painting by [[Raja Ravi Varma]], featuring Malpekar as the muse.
| birth_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1883|04|22}}
| birth_place = [[Pernem]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| origin =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1974|08|07|1883|04|22}}
| death_place = [[Bombay, Maharashtra]], India
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation = vocalist, music educator
| instrument =
| years_active = 1899–1923
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website = 
}}
}}

'''Anjanibai Malpekar''' (22 April 1883 – 7 August 1974) was an [[Indian classical music|Indian classical]] singer, belonging to the [[Bhendibazaar gharana]] of [[Hindustani classical music]]. In 1958, she became the first woman to be awarded the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]], the highest honour conferred by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama.<ref name=sna/> Acclaimed for her beauty in her youth, Malpekar was the muse of painters [[Raja Ravi Varma]] and [[M. V. Dhurandhar]].

==Early life==
Anjanibai Malpekar was born on 22 April 1883, in Malpe, [[Pernem]] in [[Portuguese Goa]], in music loving family that belonged to [[Goan]] [[Kalavant]] community.<ref name="Ltd1985"/> Both her grandmother Gujabai and mother Nabubai were respected names in music circles.<ref name="Sá1997">{{cite book|author=Mário Cabral e Sá|title=Wind of fire: the music and musicians of Goa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fmefAAAAMAAJ|pages=163–164|year=1997|publisher=Promilla & Co.|isbn=978-81-85002-19-4}}</ref>Her grandfather Vasudev Malpekar was also a respected classical musician and singer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parrikar.org/vpl/catalogue/hindustani/anjanibai-malpekar/ |title=About Anjanibai Malpekar |publisher=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive}}</ref> At a young age of 8, she started her musical training under the tutelage of [[Ustad]] Nazeer Khan of [[Bhendibazaar gharana]].<ref name="record"/><ref name="Nadkarni1999">{{cite book|author=Mohan Nadkarni|title=The great masters: profiles in Hindustani classical vocal music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_kTAQAAIAAJ|year=1999|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|pages=127–129|isbn=9788172232849}}</ref> The [[gharana]] had its origins in the much older Moradabad gharana, and was based in the [[Bhendi Bazaar]] area of [[Bombay]].<ref name="Grimes2008">{{cite book|author=Jeffrey Michael Grimes|title=The Geography of Hindustani Music: The Influence of Region and Regionalism on the North Indian Classical Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eoNVmfGBLoC&pg=PA160|year=2008|isbn=978-1-109-00342-0|page=160 }}</ref>Anjanibai Malpekar has a [[devadasi]] background.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/the-arts/a-maddening-sweet-utterance |title=A Maddening Sweet Utterance |publisher=WIRE |access-date=2016-03-05}}</ref>In addition to being proficient in classical music, is also an excellent kathak dancer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.past-india.com/photos-items/bombay-songstress-model-for-ravi-varmas-painting-1900-pc/ |title=Bombay Songstress Model For Ravi Varma's Painting,1900 postcard |publisher=Past-India
|access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Lady_in_the_Moon_Light_(1889).jpg|thumb|Malpekar became the muse for [[Raja Ravi Varma]]'s "Lady in the Moon Light" (1889)]]
Malpekar gave her debut performance at a concert in [[Bombay]], [[British India]], in 1899, at the age of 16. In those days, women of "respectable families" never sang in public, while Malepakar went on to have a flourishing singing career, with both public and royal patronage. In time, she became the doyenne of the [[gharana]].<ref name="record"/><ref name="Pinto2003">{{cite book|author1=Jerry Pinto|author2=Naresh Fernandes|title=Bombay, Meri Jaan: Writings on Mumbai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZjNWaIm_eUC&pg=PA286|year=2003|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-302966-3|page=286}}</ref>

Besides her singing, she also got acclaim for her beauty. When painter [[M. V. Dhurandhar]] did an oil painting of her, another painter [[Raja Ravi Varma]] was inspired, and went to do a series of paintings with her as muse, including "Lady in the Moonlight", "Lady Playing Swarbat", "Mohini" and "The Heartbroken", She modelled for him during his stay in Bombay in 1901 and 1903.<ref name="Dalmia2001">{{cite book|author=Yashodhara Dalmia|title=The making of modern Indian art: the progressives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLWfAAAAMAAJ|page=14|date=15 March 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-565328-1}}</ref><ref name="VarmaNeumayer2005">{{cite book|author1=C. Raja Raja Varma|author2=Erwin Neumayer|author3=Christine Schelberger|title=Raja Ravi Varma Portrait of an Artist: The Diary of C. Raja Raja Varma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfbVAAAAMAAJ|page= 255|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press India|isbn=978-0-19-565971-9}}</ref> However this wasn't without its drawback, especially when singing in public concerts meant singing primarily to a male audience, this often led to harassment. Thus in 1904, she even developed fear of singing in public, and lost her voice, though she regained it after a year.<ref name="record"/>

===Marriage and later years===
Meanwhile, she married Seth Wasanji Ved. After a successful career as a singer, after the death of her Guru Ustad Nazeer Khan in 1920, she lost interest in concerts. Finally, after a last performance at [[Asiatic Society of Mumbai#Town Hall|Town Hall, Mumbai]], she gave up her public singing career in 1923.<ref name="record">{{Cite web | title = Anjanibai Malpekar | url = http://www.womenonrecord.com/music-makers/artists/anjanibai-malpekar | publisher =Women on Record | access-date = 13 July 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Kosambi2000">{{cite book|author=Meera Kosambi|title=Intersections: Socio-cultural Trends in Maharashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC&pg=PA203|year=2000|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1878-0|page=203}}</ref> Thus at age 40, she decided to devote the rest of her years, to teaching music. In the coming decades, she taught some notable names in Indian classical music, including [[Kumar Gandharva]] who was her first disciple,<ref name="Deśapāṇḍe1989"/> [[Kishori Amonkar]],<ref name="Deśapāṇḍe1989">{{cite book|author=Vāmana Harī Deśapāṇḍe|title=Between Two Tanpuras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EkDt0Gboe8C&pg=PA131|year=1989|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-0-86132-226-8|page=131}}</ref><ref name="hindu">{{Cite news | title = Class is permanent | url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/class-is-permanent/article4557993.ece | newspaper = The Hindu | date =28 March 201 | access-date = 6 August 2013 | last1 = Kumar | first1 = Kuldeep }}</ref> Pandit T.D. Janorikar (1921–2006),<ref>{{cite web|title=Pandit T.D.Janorikar passes away |url=http://www.itcsra.org/sra_news_views/obituary/td_janorikar.html |publisher=[[ITC Sangeet Research Academy]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503225732/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_news_views/obituary/td_janorikar.html |archive-date=3 May 2014 }}</ref> [[Begum Akhtar]] and [[Naina Devi (singer)|Naina Devi]].<ref name="record"/> By the 1960s, Bhendibazar gharana based in Mumbai, became famous all over India, with number of popular musicians, besides [[Aman Ali Khan]], it had Jhande Khan, Mamman Khan, Shabbir and Amir Khan.<ref name="Pinto2003"/>

==Honours==
In 1958, when for her contribution to music, she was awarded the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] the highest honour conferred by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama, she became the first woman to receive the award.<ref name=sna>{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/fellowslist.htm |title=SNA: List of Sangeet Natak Akademi ''Ratna Puraskar''winners (Akademi Fellows) |publisher=SNA Official website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023617/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/fellowslist.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cultural Forum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qofAQAAIAAJ|page = 81}}</ref>

==Death==
She died on 7 August 1974 in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), at the age of 91.<ref name="Ltd1985">{{cite book|author=Durga Das Pvt. Ltd|title=Eminent Indians who was who, 1900–1980, also annual diary of events|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLEZAAAAYAAJ|page =13|year=1985|publisher=Durga Das Pvt. Ltd.}}</ref><ref name="oxford">{{Cite web | title = Oxford Reference: Anjanibāi Mālpekar | url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Anjanib%C4%81i%20M%C4%81lpekar | publisher = Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India | access-date = 6 August 2013 }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Raja Ravi Varma, In Contemplation.jpg|''The Heartbroken'' by Raja Ravi Varma
File:Ladies in the moonlight by RRV.jpg|''Ladies in the Moon Light'' by Raja Ravi Varma
File:Mohini on a swing.jpg|[[:File:Mohini on a swing.jpg|''Mohini'']] by Raja Ravi Varma
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite journal|title=Anjanibai Malpekar|publisher=Lipika|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KQzlAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|volume= 3| issue = 3–4|pages=16–20}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Anjanibai Malpekar}}
* [http://www.parrikar.org/vpl/?page_id=536 Anjanibai Malpekar Biography and Audio] Vijaya Parrikar Library of Indian Classical Music
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malpekar, Anjanibai}}
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian music educators]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Women educators from Goa]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Singers from Goa]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Educators from Goa]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Goa]]
[[Category:Indian women music educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:Singers from British India]]
[[Category:Indian courtesans]]
[[Category:Kathak dancers]]

Kallara Santhe

2026-03-04T07:30:19Z

TheronShifflett: expand structure further and added references

{{short description|2009 film dir. by Sumana Kittur}}
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kallara Santhe
| image = Kallara Santhe.jpg
| caption =DVD Cover
| director = [[Sumana Kittur]]
| producer = Ravindra [[Syed Aman Bachchan]]
| writer = Agni Sridhar
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Yash (actor)|Yash]] [[Hariprriya]]
| music = [[V. Manohar]]
| cinematography = Sundarnath Suvarna
| editing = S. K. Nagendra Urs
| studio = Megha Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2009|12|18|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}

'''''Kalara Santhe''''' is a 2009 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Sumana Kittur]]. The film features [[Yash (actor)|Yash]], [[Hariprriya]] in the lead roles. The film revolves around a young man who is let down by the system decides to commit suicide. When the news spreads to the media and the government, he undergoes a life-changing event.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Yash (actor)|Yash]] as Somu
*[[Hariprriya]] as Roopa
*[[Rangayana Raghu]] as the chief minister
*[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]
*[[Shobharaj]]
*[[Jai Jagadish]]
*[[Sudha Belawadi]]
*[[Adi Lokesh]]
*[[Sudharani]] as an IT professional
*[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]]
*[[Rajesh Nataranga]]
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kallara Santhe
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[V. Manohar]]
| cover =
| released =
| recorded =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 23:18
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
}}
The soundtrack was composed by [[V. Manohar]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Kallara Katheya
| lyrics1 = [[V. Manohar]]
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length1 = 4:23
| title2 = Maribeku
| lyrics2 = V. Manohar
| extra2 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Shamitha Malnad]]
| length2 = 3:51
| title3 = Kaapadi Kaapadi
| lyrics3 = V. Manohar
| extra3 = [[Gurukiran]]. B. K. Mohan
| length3 = 3:26
| title4 = Kaledu Hoda
| lyrics4 = D. Sumana Kiththur
| extra4 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Nanditha]]
| length4 = 5:06
| title5 = Thutthoori
| lyrics5 = G. P. Rajaratnam
| extra5 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], Baby Prakruthi
| length5 = 4:21
| title6 = Chappale Chappale
| lyrics6 = V. Manohar
| extra6 = [[Gurukiran]]
| length6 = 2:11
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of {{Fraction|3|1|2}} out of five stars writing that "A good show by director D Sumana Kittur who gives a comical twist to a political satire with lively narration and apt sequences".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kallara-santhe/movie-review/5359855.cms |title=Kallara Santhe Movie Review {3.5/5} |work=[[The Times of India]] |date= |accessdate=2020-01-17}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' stated that "Yash and Haripriya make a good pair on the screen. Rangayana Raghu does justice to the role. Manohar’s music is refreshing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/42054/kallara-santhe.html |title=Kallara Santhe|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=15 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115021044/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/42054/kallara-santhe.html |archive-date=15 January 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "''Kallara Sante'' does not have much entertaining but it is still a watchable film for politically-conscious movie fans".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-kallara-sante/20091221.htm|title = Review: Kallara Sante is watchable|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=21 December 2009|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy}}</ref> A critic from [[The New Indian Express]] wrote "Yash has tried hard to perform well while Haripriya is charming. She has improved a lot in dialogue delivery. The scene where she tells Yash to ask the chief minister to provide 60x40 BDA site, 20 acres of agricultural land and Rs 20 lakh is a treat to watch. Kishore has played a different kind of character. Had the director and the scriptwriter taken more care to make the screenplay crisp, the film might have been at par with Aa Dinagalu".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2009/Dec/19/slow-and-not-quite-steady-114419.html|title=Slow and not quite steady|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=19 December 2009}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
'''[[Karnataka State Film Awards]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2011/vishnuvardhan-anu-prabhaka-ksf-awards-201011.html |title=Vishnuvardhan Anu Prabhakar {{!}} Karnataka State Film Awards {{!}} Aaptha Rakshaka Pareekshe |access-date=2017-01-18 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201314/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2011/vishnuvardhan-anu-prabhaka-ksf-awards-201011.html |url-status=live |work=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]]}}</ref>
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] ... Sundaranatha Suvarna
* [[Karnataka State Film Award (Special Jury Award)|Special Jury Award]] ... [[Sumana Kittur]]
'''[[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]]'''
* Nominated - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Kannada]] - [[Hariprriya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|15979670}}

[[Category:2009 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sumana Kittur]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

Brahmi Gadi Katha

2026-03-03T21:53:04Z

TheronShifflett: Pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Brahmi Gadi Katha
| image = Brahmi Gadi Katha.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional poster
| native_name = 
| director = Eeshwar Reddy
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = P. Ram Mohan Rao
| starring = [[Varun Sandesh]] [[Asmita Sood]] [[Poonam Kaur]] [[Brahmanandam]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| studio = Multi-dimension Entertainments Pvt Ltd
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|7|1}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Brahmi Gadi Katha''''' ({{Translation|Brahmi's story}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy film]] directed by Eeshwar Reddy and starring [[Varun Sandesh]], [[Asmita Sood]], [[Poonam Kaur]] and [[Brahmanandam]] plays the titular role.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Varun Sandesh]] as Siva
*[[Asmita Sood]] as Maya / Shwetha
*[[Poonam Kaur]] as Bhagya
*[[Krishnudu]] as Pandu
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Brahmi
*[[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Siva's uncle (film producer)
*[[Nagineedu]] as Rowdy
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Brahmi's friend
*[[Radha Kumari]] as Bhagya's grandmother
*[[Prudhvi Raj]] as Producer's henchman
*[[Amit Tiwari]] as Rahul
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as Murali Mohan from Vijayawada
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as S. Praveen Kumar
*[[G. V. Sudhakar Naidu]] as Rowdy
*Sandhya Janak as Siva's mother
*[[Visweswara Rao]] as Travelling ticket examiner
}}

== Production ==
As of April 2011, the entire film was shot except for two songs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-sandeshs-next-is-brammigadi-katha-619285|title=Varun Sandesh's Next Is Brammigadi Katha|website=NDTV.com|date=9 April 2011|author=Mid-Day.com|accessdate=22 June 2024|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819070854/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-sandeshs-next-is-brammigadi-katha-619285|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brammigaadi Katha (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Koti on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/nz/album/brammigaadi-katha-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/925479824 |website=[[Apple Music]] |language=en-AU |date=1 January 2011}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = You Candyman
| length1 = 3:01
| lyrics1 = Bandaru Danayya Kavi
| extra1 = Deepu, [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| title2 = Cheppaleni Maata
| length2 = 3:51
| lyrics2 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra2 = [[Anuj Gurwara|Anuj]], [[Chaitra H. G.|Chaitra]]
| title3 = Life Is a Journey
| length3 = 4:40
| lyrics3 = [[Venigalla Rambabu]]
| extra3 = [[N. C. Karunya]]
| title4 = Vellakala Vellakala
| length4 = 2:51
| lyrics4 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra4 = [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]], [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]]
| title5 = Nee Akunene
| length5 = 3:31
| lyrics5 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra5 = Geetha Madhuri, [[Hemachandra (singer)|Hemachandra]]
| total_length = 17:54
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that "''Brammi Gadi Katha'' is watchable, once, for some of its hilarious scenes".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-brammi-gadi-katha/20110704.htm|title=Review: Brammi Gadi Katha is good for a few laughs|first=Radhika|last=Rajamani|website=Rediff}}</ref> Y. Sunita Chowdhary of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Over all a well conceived story".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2153090.ece|title=A comic caper|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704094208/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2153090.ece|archive-date=4 July 2011|access-date=7 February 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|6925150}}

[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2011 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2011 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]

3 Char Sau Bees

2026-03-03T20:44:54Z

TheronShifflett: improved article

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 3 Char Sau Bees
| image = 3 Char Sau Beas.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Govindankutty (Actor)|Govindankutty]]
| producer = {{ubl|Vinod Nair|Jackson T.J}}
| writer = [[Govindankutty (Actor)|Govindankutty]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Govindankutty (Actor)|Govindankutty]]|[[Dhanya Mary Varghese]]|[[Kalabhavan Mani]]|[[Hareesh Peradi]]|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]}}
| music = [[Jassie Gift]]
| cinematography = Bejoyce Varghese
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|8|20}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''3 Char Sau Bees''''' is a 2010 [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by [[Govindankutty (Actor)|Govindankutty]]. It marked Govindan Kutty's debut as a director and screenwriter. The film was released during [[Onam]], an Indian harvest and cultural festival .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/aug/24/slide-show-1-south-malayalam-snippets.htm|title=Char Sau Bees for Onam|publisher=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

==Plot==

Three college friends Selvan, Rahul and Zulfi get involved in robberies to make money. However, their lives turn upside down when they find a corpse of a man in the house they were going to rob and gets framed for the murder.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Govindankutty (Actor)|Govindankutty]] as Selvan / Selvaraghavan
* Rahul Menon as Rahul
* Anu Anandhan as Zulfi
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Raghavan
* [[Dhanya Mary Varghese]] as Indu Menon
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Lock Kumaran
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Chandran Muthalaali
* [[Suraj Venjaramood]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|CI]] Sathyan
* [[Sukumari]] as Selvan's grandmother
* [[Hareesh Peradi]] as Baba
* [[Jaffar Idukki]] as Thankanchan
* [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]] as Suni mon
* [[Biju Kuttan]] as Palanichami
* [[Anoop Chandran]] as Gotharage Geevargheese
* [[Babu Jose]] as Chandran's son
* Kannan Pattambi as Varnapandiyan
* [[Pradeep Kottayam]] as Sales Man
* [[Dheepan]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DYSP]] Jayalal
* [[Geetha Vijayan]] as Selvan's Mother (Photo Presence)
* [[Manka Mahesh]] as Indu's mother
* Gayathri as Servant
* [[Kottayam Purushan]] as Devassy
* [[Atlas Ramachandhran]] as Principal
* [[Major Ravi]] as Commando Officer (Cameo)
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web |date=2012-03-21 |title=3 Char Sau Bees – Movie Reviews, Videos, Wallpapers, Photos, Cast & Crew, Story & Synopsis on popcorn.oneindia.com |url=http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/9185/3-char-sau-bees.html |access-date=2024-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321210917/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/9185/3-char-sau-bees.html |archive-date=21 March 2012 }}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2010 direct-to-video films]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Calendula officinalis

2026-03-03T18:55:10Z

TheronShifflett:

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae}}
{{Speciesbox
|image=
|image2=Calendula officinalis, pot marigold.JPG
|image2_caption=[[UBC Botanical Garden]]
|image2_alt=Orange ''C. officinalis'' at the [[UBC Botanical Garden]]
|genus=Calendula
|species=officinalis
|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-107206 |title=The Plant List, ''Calendula officinalis'' L. |access-date=2015-06-02 |archive-date=2023-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104234215/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-107206 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|synonyms=
*''Calendula aurantiaca'' Kotschy ex Boiss.
*''Calendula eriocarpa'' DC.
*''Calendula hydruntina'' (Fiori) Lanza
*''Calendula prolifera'' Hort. ex Steud.
*''Calendula × santamariae'' Font Quer
*''Caltha officinalis'' (L.) Moench
}}

'''''Calendula officinalis''''', '''Mary's gold''', '''common marigold''', the '''pot marigold''', '''Scotch marigold''', or '''ruddles''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN}}</ref> is a [[flowering plant]] in the daisy family, [[Asteraceae]]. It is probably native to southern Europe, but its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it is widely [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]]. The florets are [[edible flowers|edible]] and the plant has historically been used as medicine.

The names ''marigold'' and ''Mary's gold'' were given by the [[English people]] to honour [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]], mother of [[Jesus]], who was said to wear "a crown of gold that circles the earth".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/m/marigolds-marys-gold.php |title=Marigolds: Mary's Gold |last=Samaha |first=John M. |website=All About Mary |publisher=[[University of Dayton]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419130406/https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/m/marigolds-marys-gold.php |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Description==
''Calendula officinalis'' is a short-lived aromatic [[herbaceous]] [[perennial]], growing to {{cvt|80|cm|0}} tall, with sparsely branched lax or upright stems. The [[leaves]] are oblong-lanceolate, {{cvt|5-17|cm|0}} long, hairy on both sides, and with margins entire or occasionally waved or weakly toothed.

The [[inflorescence]]s are yellow or orange, comprising a thick [[Head (botany)|capitulum]] or flowerhead {{cvt|4–7|cm|frac=2}} diameter surrounded by two rows of hairy bracts. In the wild plant they have a single ring of ray florets surrounding the central [[disc floret]]s. The disc florets are tubular and [[Plant reproductive morphology|hermaphroditic]] and generally of a more intense orange-yellow color than the female, tridentate, peripheral ray florets. The flowers may appear all year long where conditions are suitable. The fruit is a thorny curved [[achene]].<ref name="rhs">''The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 1: 462.</ref>

{{gallery|mode=packed
|Calendula officinalis 003.JPG|[[Infrutescence]]
|Calendula officinalis 004.JPG|Seeds
}}

=== Chemistry ===
The petals and pollen contain [[triterpenoid]] [[ester]]s, as well as [[carotenoid]]s [[flavoxanthin]] and [[auroxanthin]] (antioxidants and the source of the yellow-orange coloration). The leaves and stems contain other carotenoids, mostly [[lutein]] (80%), [[zeaxanthin]] (5%), and [[beta-carotene]].{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

The flowers contain [[flavonol]] [[glycoside]]s, [[triterpene]] [[oligoglycoside]]s, [[oleanane]]-type triterpene glycosides, [[saponin]]s, and a [[sesquiterpene]] [[glucoside]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ukiya M |last2=Akihisa |last3=Yasukawa |last4=Tokuda |last5=Suzuki |last6=Kimura |year=2006 |title=Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor-promoting, and cytotoxic activities of constituents of pot marigold (''Calendula officinalis'') flowers |journal=J Nat Prod |volume=69 |issue=12 |pages=1692–1696 |doi=10.1021/np068016b |pmid=17190444 |bibcode=2006JNAtP..69.1692U }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Yoshikawa M |last2=Murakami |last3=Kishi |last4=Kageura |last5=Matsuda |year=2001 |title=Medicinal flowers. III. Marigold.(1): hypoglycemic, gastric emptying inhibitory, and gastroprotective principles and new oleanane-type triterpene oligolycosides, calendasaponins A, B, C, and D, from Egyptian ''Calendula officinalis'' |journal=Chem Pharm Bull |volume=49 |issue=7 |pages=863–70 |doi=10.1248/cpb.49.863 |pmid=11456093 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
The Latin [[specific epithet]] ''[[officinalis]]'' refers to the plant's medicinal and herbal uses.<ref name="RHSLG">{{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Lorraine |title=RHS Latin for Gardeners |publisher=Mitchell Beazley |year=2012 |isbn=978-1845337315 |location=United Kingdom}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown. It is also widely [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] further north in Europe (as far north as [[southern England]]) and elsewhere in warm [[temperate]] regions of the world.<ref name="rhs" /><ref name="pfaf">{{cite web |date=June 2004 |title=''Calendula officinalis'' – L. |url=http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Calendula+officinalis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226161033/http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?calendula+officinalis |archive-date=2007-12-26 |access-date=2007-12-19 |work=Plants For A Future}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Flora of China, <big>金盏菊</big> jin zhan ju ''Calendula officinalis'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 921. 1753. |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220002139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502041916/http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220002139 |archive-date=2015-05-02 |access-date=2015-06-02}}</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220002139 Flora of North America, ''Calendula officinalis'' Linnaeus]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Altervista Flora Italiana, Calendola medicinale ''Calendula officinalis'' L. |url=http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=calendula+officinalis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612044329/http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=calendula+officinalis |archive-date=2015-06-12 |access-date=2015-06-02}}</ref>

== Ecology ==
Calendulas are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[cabbage moth]], [[Gothic (moth)|gothic moth]], [[large yellow underwing]], and [[setaceous Hebrew character]].

==Cultivation==
[[File:Indoor Asian breed.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|An Asian indoor breed]]

''Calendula officinalis'' is widely cultivated and can be grown easily in sunny locations in most kinds of soils. Although perennial, it is commonly treated as an [[annual plant|annual]], particularly in colder regions where its winter survival is poor, and in hot summer locations where it also does not survive.

Calendulas are considered by many gardening experts as among the easiest and most versatile flowers to grow in a garden, especially because they tolerate most soils. In temperate climates, seeds are sown in spring for blooms that last throughout the summer and well into the fall. In areas of limited winter freezing, seeds are sown in autumn for winter color. Plants will wither in subtropical summer. Seeds will germinate freely in sunny or half-sunny locations, but plants do best if planted in sunny locations with rich, well-drained soil. Pot marigolds typically bloom quickly from seed (in under two months) in bright yellows, golds, and oranges.

Most [[cultivar]]s have a spicy aroma. It is recommended to [[pruning|deadhead]] (remove dying flower heads) the plants regularly to maintain even blossom production.

===Cultivars===
[[File:Flower July 2013-2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A double-flowered cultivar]]

Numerous cultivars have been selected to showcase a wide range of variations, spanning from pale yellow to orange-red, and with 'double' or 'semi-double' flowerheads with ray florets replacing some or all of the disc florets. Examples include 'Alpha' (deep orange), 'Jane Harmony', 'Sun Glow' (bright yellow), 'Lemon' (pale yellow), 'Orange Prince' (orange), 'Indian Prince' (dark orange-red), 'Pink Surprise' (double, with inner florets darker than outer florets), 'Green-heart Gold' (double, bright yellow), 'Apricot Pygmy' (double light peach) and 'Chrysantha' (yellow, double). Additionally, the cultivar 'Variegata' boasts yellow [[variegated]] leaves.<ref name=rhs/>

The cultivar group 'Fiesta Gitana' has been honoured with the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name=RHSPF>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/106085/i-Calendula-officinalis-i-Fiesta-Gitana-Group/Details|title=RHS Plantfinder - ''Calendula officinalis'' Fiesta Gitana Group|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125193648/https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/106085/i-Calendula-officinalis-i-Fiesta-Gitana-Group/Details|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf |title=AGM Plants - Ornamental |date=July 2017 |page=13 |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503221317/https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Uses==
The florets are [[Edible flower|edible]]. They are often included in [[salads]]<ref name=":0" /> for their color or added to dishes as a garnish in lieu of [[saffron]]. While the leaves are also edible,{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} they are generally not considered palatable, though historically they have been incorporated into [[potherb]] and salads. Additionally, the plant is utilized for making tea.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lyle |first=Katie Letcher |url=https://archive.org/details/the-complete-guide-to-edible-wild-plants-mushrooms-fruits-and-nuts-finding-identifying-and-cooking/page/149/mode/2up |title=The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: Finding, Identifying, and Cooking |publisher=[[FalconGuides]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4930-1864-2 |edition=3rd |location=Guilford, CN |pages=150 |orig-year=2004}}</ref>

Flowers were used in [[ancient Greek]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]], [[Middle Eastern]], and [[India]]n cultures as a [[medicinal herb]], as well as a [[dye]] for fabrics, foods, and cosmetics.<ref name=pfaf/> Many of these uses persist today. They are also used to make an oil that is widely used in skin products.

Marigold leaves can also be made into a [[poultice]] that is believed to help scratches and shallow cuts to heal faster and to prevent infection.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arana |first1=Lide |last2=Salado |first2=Clarisa |last3=Vega |first3=Sandra |last4=Aizpurua-Olaizola |first4=Oier |last5=Arada |first5=Igor de la |last6=Suarez |first6=Tatiana |last7=Usobiaga |first7=Aresatz |last8=Arrondo |first8=José Luis R. |last9=Alonso |first9=Alicia |date=2015-11-01 |title=Solid lipid nanoparticles for delivery of ''Calendula officinalis'' extract |journal=Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces |volume=135 |pages=18–26 |doi=10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.020 |pmid=26231862|url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/5028530 }}</ref> It has also been used in eye drops.<ref name=":0" />

Plant extracts are also widely used in cosmetics, presumably due to presence of compounds such as saponins, [[resin]]s, and [[essential oil]]s.<ref>{{cite web |author=National Institutes of Health |author-link=National Institutes of Health |title=''Calendula'' |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/235.html |access-date=4 January 2025 |work=Herbs and Supplements |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref> The flowers are a rich source of [[lutein]], containing 29.8 mg/100g.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manke Natchigal |first1=A. |last2=Oliveira Stringheta |first2=A.C. |last3=Corrêa Bertoldi |first3=M. |last4=Stringheta |first4=P.C. |date=2012 |title=QUANTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LUTEIN FROM TAGETES (''TAGETES PATULA'' L.) AND CALENDULA (''CALENDULA OFFICINALIS'' L.) FLOWERS. |url=https://www.actahort.org/books/939/939_40.htm |url-status=dead |journal=Acta Hortic. |volume=939, 309-314 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514063851/https://www.actahort.org/books/939/939_40.htm |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref>

=== Potential pharmacology ===
Plant pharmacological studies have suggested that ''Calendula'' extracts may have anti-viral, anti-[[genotoxic]], and [[anti-inflammatory]] properties ''[[in vitro]]''.<ref name="Jimenez-Medina E 2006">{{cite journal |author=Jimenez-Medina E |year=2006 |title=A new extract of the plant ''Calendula officinalis'' produces a dual in vitro effect: cytotoxic anti-tumor activity and lymphocyte activation |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=6 |article-number=119 |doi=10.1186/1471-2407-6-119 |pmid=16677386 |pmc=1513589 |last2=Garcia-Lora |last3=Paco |last4=Algarra |last5=Collado |last6=Garrido |doi-access=free }}</ref> In an ''in vitro'' assay, the [[methanol]] extract of ''C. officinalis'' exhibited antibacterial activity and both the methanol and the [[ethanol]] extracts showed [[antifungal]] activities.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Efstratiou E |title=Antimicrobial activity of ''Calendula officinalis'' petal extracts against fungi, as well as Gram-negative and Gram-positive clinical pathogens |journal=Complement Ther Clin Pract |year=2012 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=173–176 |doi=10.1016/j.ctcp.2012.02.003 |pmid=22789794 |last2=Hussain |last3=Nigam |last4=Moore |last5=Ayub |last6=Rao}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |last1=Aro |first1=A.A. |last2=Perez |first2=M.O. |last3=Vieira |first3=C.P. |title=Effect of ''Calendula Officinalis'' Cream on Achilles Tendon Healing |journal=The Anatomical Record |date=February 2015 |volume=298 |issue=2 |pages=428–435 |doi=10.1002/ar.23057 |pmid=25266273 |s2cid=25094028|doi-access=free}}

==External links==
*{{Commons-inline}}

{{Medicinal herbs & fungi}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q145930}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Calendula|officinalis]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Europe]]
[[Category:Inflorescence vegetables]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Europe]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Plant dyes]]

Arjun Gowda

2026-03-03T12:15:41Z

TheronShifflett: new

{{short description|2021 Indian Kannada crime-action film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Arjun Gowda
| image = ArjunGowda.jpg
| caption = Release Poster
| director = Lucky Shankar
| writer = Pavan Ranadheera
| story = Lucky Shankar
| based_on =
| producer = [[Ramu (film producer)|Ramu]]
| starring = [[Prajwal Devaraj]] [[Priyanka Thimmesh]]
| cinematography = Jai Anandh
| editing = Arjun Kittu
| music = [[Dharma Vish]]
| studio = Ramu Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2021|12|31}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Arjun Gowda''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[crime action film]] written and directed by Lucky Shankar, making his debut.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjun Gowda is inspired by Gauri Lankesh's murder, says Lucky Shankar - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/arjun-gowda-is-inspired-by-gauri-lankeshs-murder-says-lucky-shankar/articleshow/88562175.cms|access-date=2022-01-12|website=The Times of India|date=30 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It features [[Prajwal Devaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prajwal Devaraj: Ramu sir wanted Arjun Gowda to be like Lockup Death|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2021/dec/30/prajwal-devaraj-ramu-sir-wanted-arjun-gowda-to-be-like-lockup-death-28708.html|access-date=2022-01-12|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=30 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Priyanka Thimmesh]] in the lead roles. The supporting cast includes [[Sparsha Rekha]], [[Rahul Dev]], and [[Sadhu Kokila]]. The [[Film score|score]] and soundtrack for the film is by [[Dharma Vish]] and the cinematography is by Jai Anand. The film marked producer Ramu's last film as a producer before his death in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=govindaraj.s|title=Arjun Gowda: ರಾಮು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಕೊನೆ ಚಿತ್ರಕ್ಕೆ ಸ್ಟಾರ್‌ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್‌|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/sandalwood-stars-support-for-ramu-arjun-gowda-movie-gvd-r4wpbo|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=I want to fulfill Ramu's wish of taking Arjun Gowda to every Kannada audience: Malashree|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/dec/28/i-want-to-fulfill-ramus-wish-of-taking-arjun-gowdato-every-kannada-audience-malashree-2400318.html|access-date=2022-01-12|website=The New Indian Express|date=28 December 2021 }}</ref>

==Premise==
{{More plot|date=May 2025}}
Arjun Gowda is a hot headed youngster, who will do anything for his love. When he faces a crisis that hits home, quite literally, he gets a rude awakening. How, he solves the mess, forms the rest of the story.<ref>{{Citation |title=Arjun Gowda Movie Review: A mass entertainer that could have been better |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/arjun-gowda/movie-review/88614602.cms |access-date=2022-08-26}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Prajwal Devaraj]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Arjun Gowda was Ramu sir's dream project: Prajwal Devaraj - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/arjun-gowda-was-ramu-sirs-dream-project-prajwal-devaraj/articleshow/88540831.cms|access-date=2022-01-12|website=The Times of India|date=29 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='ಅರ್ಜುನ್ ಗೌಡ ಬಳಿಕ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಮಾಡೋಣ ಅಂತ ರಾಮು ಹೇಳಿದ್ರು'- ಪ್ರಜ್ವಲ್ ದೇವರಾಜ್|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/prajwal-devaraj-speaks-about-producer-ramu-and-arjun-gowda-movie/articleshow/88448924.cms|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref> as Arjun Gowda
* [[Priyanka Thimmesh]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Arjun Gowda has given me enough space for my performance says Priyanka Thimmesh - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/arjun-gowda-has-given-me-enough-space-for-my-performance-says-priyanka-thimmesh/articleshow/88504900.cms|access-date=2022-01-12|website=The Times of India|date=27 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> as Jaanu
* [[Sparsha Rekha]] as Janaki Gowda
* [[Rahul Dev]]
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Dinesh Mangaluru]]
* Arvindh Rau
* Deepak Shetty
* Prakashnatana
* Shobith
* Jeevan
* Giri
* Kadipudi Chandru
* Hassine Shetty
* Suraj
}}

== Production and Release ==
The shoot of the film started in August 2019, in and around Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prajwal Devaraj gets unique introduction in Arjun Gowda|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/aug/01/prajwal-devaraj-gets-unique-introduction-in-arjun-gowda-13363.html|access-date=2022-01-12|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=August 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The film had Prajwal Devaraj teaming up with producer Ramu for the second time after Sagar. The film featured him in the role of a kickboxer.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Prajwal Devaraj features as kickboxer in Arjun Gowda'|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/aug/30/prajwal-devaraj-features-as-kickboxer-in-arjun-gowda-13983.html|access-date=2022-01-12|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=30 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The film later had Priyanka Thimmesh as the female lead for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|last=vaishnavi|title=ಕಿಸ್ಸಿಂಗ್‌ ಸೀನ್‌ ಮಾಡಲು ಪ್ರಜ್ವಲ್‌ ದೇವರಾಜ್‌ಗೂ ಕಂಫರ್ಟ್‌ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ: Priyanka Thimmesh|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-priyanka-thimmesh-talks-about-arjun-gowda-film-bold-character-vcs-r4yxpp|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref> The film later had Sparsha Rekha on board to play a pivotal role in the film. The film team completed the shoot in Early 2020. The team released its first teaser on 2 August 2019. The film was earlier slated to release in April 2021 but owing to COVID-19 pandemic postponed its release to December 31, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=govindaraj.s|title=Arjun Gowda: ವರ್ಷಾಂತ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ತೆರೆಮೇಲೆ ಬರಲಿದ್ದಾನೆ ಡೈನಾಮಿಕ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/video/sandalwood/kannada-movie-arjun-gowda-all-set-to-hit-screens-starrer-prajwal-devaraj-gvd-r4gpmd|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref> the first trailer of the film was released on 10 April 2021 and the second trailer of the film was released on 28 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ಅರ್ಜುನ್ ಗೌಡನ ಅಡ್ಡಾದಿಡ್ಡಿ ಪ್ರಯಾಣ; ಸಿದ್ಧಸೂತ್ರಗಳ ಮಿಶ್ರಣ- 'ಅರ್ಜುನ್ ಗೌಡ' ಸಿನಿಮಾ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/review/prajwal-devaraj-priyanka-thimmesh-rahul-dev-starrer-arjun-gowda-movie-review-rating-in-kannada/moviereview/88613856.cms|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Arjun Gowda
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Dharma Vish]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = Ramu
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The film's background score and the soundtracks are composed by [[Dharma Vish]]. The music rights were acquired by [[Anand Audio]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=govindaraj.s|title=Arjun Gowda: ಡೈನಾಮಿಕ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಚಿತ್ರದ ಮಾಸ್ ಹಾಡನ್ನು ರಿಲೀಸ್ ಮಾಡಿದ ದುನಿಯಾ ವಿಜಯ್|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/arjun-gowda-movie-maar-maar-maar-song-out-starrer-prajwal-devaraj-gvd-r4h3v4|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref>

{{tracklist
| headline = Tracklist
| title8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| title11 =
| length11 =
| title12 =
| length12 =
| title13 =
| length13 =
| length8 =
| title14 =
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| title17 =
| length17 =
| title18 =
| length18 =
| title19 =
| length19 =
| title20 =
| length14 =
| length7 =
| lyrics3 = Lucky Shankar
| title7 =
| total_length = 15:22
| all_lyrics =
| title1 = Kanavarike Ninnade
| lyrics1 = Ragvendra Kamath
| extra1 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| length1 = 3:23
| title2 = Maar Maar Maar
| lyrics2 = Lucky Shankar, Chirayu
| extra2 = Anthony Daasan, Chirayu
| length2 = 3:25
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title3 = Jayanna Kelu Bhoganna
| extra3 = Rajguru Hoskote, Pavan Ranadheera
| length3 = 2:36
| title4 = Om Namaha Premam
| lyrics4 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)]]
| extra4 = [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| length4 = 2:51
| title5 =
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 =
| length5 =
| all_writing =
| length20 =
}}

== Reception ==
===Critical reception===

[[The Times of India]] gave 2.5/5 stating "Arjun Gowda tries to be a film with social commentary and also a love story at the same time, without forgetting the commercial requisites. This is where the film falters. The makers could have focused on just one of them and probably the story could have had its desired impact"<ref>{{Citation|title=Arjun Gowda Movie Review: A mass entertainer that could have been better|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/arjun-gowda/movie-review/88614602.cms|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

[[The New Indian Express]] gave 3/5 stating "Prajwal Devaraj gives an all-around performance. Priyanka Thimmesh has tried to justify her space and Sparsha Rekha makes her presence felt. Sadhu Kokila’s comic episodes have no connection with the film’s story."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arjun Gowda Movie Review: A passable pucca commercial film|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2022/jan/03/arjun-gowda-movie-reviewa-passable-pucca-commercial-film-28772.html|access-date=2022-01-12|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=3 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Response===

The film received a mixed response from the audience and the film became another flop for Prajwal at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ಪ್ರಜ್ವಲ್ ದೇವರಾಜ್‌ ನಟನೆಯ 'ಅರ್ಜುನ್ ಗೌಡ' ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನೋಡಿ ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರು ಹೇಳಿದ್ದೇನು?|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/video/entertainment/prajwal-devaraj-priyanka-thimmesh-starrer-arjun-gowda-movie-public-reaction/videoshow/88614600.cms|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt15136954}}

[[Category:2021 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:2021 crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:2021 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]

Do Deewaane Sheher Mein

2026-02-28T18:18:41Z

TheronShifflett: fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{distinguish|Do Deewane Seher Mein}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Do Deewaane Sheher Mein
| cover =
| alt =
| type =
| artist = [[Runa Laila]] [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
| album =
| language = Hindi
| released = 1977
| format =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length =
| label =
| composer = [[Jaidev]]
| lyricist = [[Gulzar]]
| producer =
}}
"'''Do Deewaane Sheher Mein'''" is an Indian [[Hindi]] song from the [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Gharaonda]]''. (1977). The film was directed by [[Bhimsain Khurana]]. The lyrics of the song was written by [[Gulzar]], and the music was composed by [[Jaidev]].<ref name="Anantharaman2008">{{cite book|author=Ganesh Anantharaman|title=Bollywood Melodies: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KS3ZDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT170|date=14 February 2008|publisher=Random House Publishers India Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-93-86495-31-0|pages=170–}}</ref> In 1977 Gulzar won his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist]] for this song.<ref name="Premchand2018">{{cite book|author=Manek Premchand|title=Yesterday's Melodies Today's Memories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJCBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT512|date=27 December 2018|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-64429-877-0|pages=512–}}</ref> The song was sung by [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]] and [[Runa Laila]].<ref name="Filmfare Beyond borders Runa Laila">{{cite web |title=Beyond borders Runa Laila |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/beyond-borders-runa-laila-1479.html |website=filmfare.com |accessdate=30 December 2019 }}</ref> The song has a reprise "Ek Akela Is Sheher Mein".<ref name="Bollywood Retrospect">{{cite news |last1=Arunachalam |first1=Param |title=Bollywood Retrospect - Top 10 songs by music composer Jaidev |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bollywood-retrospect-top-10-songs-by-music-composer-jaidev-2109897 |work=DNA India |date=1 August 2015 }}</ref>

== Awards and reception==
The song received the following awards:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Ref
|-
| 1977 || Filmfare Award|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best lyricist of the year]] || [[Gulzar]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{YouTube|tLC8YVxqnVU}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1977 songs]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Gulzar]]
{{1970s-song-stub}}

The Emperor's Riddles

2026-02-24T03:34:49Z

TheronShifflett: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|2014 novel by Satyarth Nayak}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox book 
| name = The Emperor's Riddles
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = File:TheEmperorsRiddlescover.jpg
| author = [[Satyarth Nayak]]
| cover_artist = Sonali Lal
| country = [[India]]
| language = English
| genre = [[Mystery fiction|mystery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]]
| publisher = Amaryllis
| release_date = February 2014
| media_type = Print (Paperback)
| pages = 406
| isbn = 9381506450
| dewey=
| congress=
}}

'''''The Emperor's Riddles''''' is a [[Mystery fiction|mystery]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[debut novel]] by Indian author [[Satyarth Nayak]]. The novel consists of a present-day trail of cryptic riddles scattered across [[India]] that must be solved one by one to unveil an ancient Indian secret. This journey plays out in the context of an esoteric legend involving one of the most iconic Emperors of the [[history of India]]. The book was first released at the [[New Delhi World Book Fair]] in February 2014. It turned out to be a bestselling thriller<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news|last=The Hindu|title=Well Received|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 July 2014 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/well-received/article6177327.ece}}</ref><ref name="times1">{{cite news|last=Times of India|title=Satyarth Decodes Mysteries of Indian History |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 March 2015 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/Satyarth-decodes-some-mysteries-of-Indian-history/articleshow/46675375.cms}}</ref> with the media calling it "a hit with young readers".<ref name="express1">{{cite web|last=New Indian Express|title=When His Love For Writing Took Shape|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2014/12/01/When-His-Love-for-Writing-Took-Shape/article2545705.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029154042/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2014/12/01/When-His-Love-for-Writing-Took-Shape/article2545705.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2015}}</ref>

==Plot synopsis==

The novel opens with the bizarre murder of historian Ram Mathur at the [[Ganga]] ghat in [[Varanasi]]. As his daughter Sia, her close friend Om Patnaik, and TV producer Jasodhara investigate the killing, they find a series of cryptic riddles scattered across the country that they must crack one by one to reach a final enigma.

Meanwhile, Chief Officer Parag Suri and journalist Alia Irani are chasing the killer branded as "Scorpion" by the media due to his choice of weapon, a poisoned syringe. At the same time a holy Buddhist Bhikkhu urges his young Samanera Tathagata to make an important journey that promises to alter his life.

Parallel to this is a second storyline which tells the story of the life of a young prince in Ancient India who becomes one of the most celebrated Emperors in history, and who envisions a secret project which could affect the entire world.

==Characters==

*Om Patnaik – esoteric writer and family friend who is called upon the event of Ram Mathur's murder and joins his daughter Sia to crack the cryptic riddles and solve the mystery
*Sia Mathur – daughter of murdered historian Ram Mathur who joins Om Patnaik on the trail of riddles towards the final revelation
*Ram Mathur – historian in Sarnath and Sia's father who is brutally murdered
*Jasodhara – Television documentarian who assists Om and Sia in solving the mysterious riddles and penetrate the mystery
*Parag Suri – Chief Inspector investigating Mathur's murder and similar serial murders afoot
*Alia Irani – journalist who joins Suri in tracking the killer and solving the mystery
*Tathagata – Buddhist [[Samanera]] who walks the trail to see the 'Sights'
*Bhikkhu – the Buddhist monk who directs Tathagata
*The Emperor – the man at the heart of the legend

==Development and publication==

The idea for ''The Emperor's Riddles'' was born out of a random Internet search by Nayak after reading the [[Dan Brown]] thriller ''[[Angels & Demons]]'' to find out if there was something similarly esoteric and mysterious hidden in the [[history of India]]. The surfing yielded an obscure but fascinating conspiracy theory involving one of the greatest Emperors of ancient India. Nayak was intrigued by the Emperor's legend and the imperial secret believed to be still alive and functioning and decided to capture this story.<ref name="times1" /> The first draft took about six months and was ready in 2011. The manuscript was accepted by Red Ink Literary Agency and subsequently underwent another round of editing. Nayak received publishing offers from [[Rupa & Co.]] and Amaryllis and he eventually signed the deal with Amaryllis in 2012. The book was first released at the [[New Delhi World Book Fair]] in February 2014.<ref name="thehindu1" />

==Themes==
[[File:Satyarth with Shobha De at Bangalore Lit Fest 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Satyarth Nayak]] with Shobha De at Bangalore Lit Fest 2014]]

The human quest for answers is the central theme of the book. The characters are on a personal quest and the final destination may or may not be as per their expectations. More than the answers, it's the pursuit itself that matters. Where one ends, another begins. The riddles in the thriller based on Indian history and mythology also become successively complicated and difficult to heighten the mystery. They also symbolize the everlasting human quest for truth.<ref name="thehindu1" />

[[Buddhism]] plays an important role in the book. This is probably one of the first Indian thrillers to predominantly use Buddhist mythology, philosophy and iconography.<ref name="times1" /><ref name="thehindu2">{{cite news|last=The Hindu|title=A Historical Thriller |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=10 October 2014 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-historical-thriller/article6488991.ece}}</ref> Structurally the book is divided into three sections titled Buddham, Dhammam and Sangham based on the concept of [[Triratna]].<ref name="thehindu1" />

Ancient science and technology is also a crucial theme. The book explores the great scientific advancement made in Ancient India investigating the technological literature and artifacts believed to be far more futuristic than present day gizmos. ''The Book Geeks'' review states that "Satyarth Nayak has taken our rich ancient knowledge of science and converted it into a historical fiction".<ref>{{cite web|last=Book Geeks|title=The Emperor's Riddles|date=12 May 2014 |url=http://www.bookgeeks.in/entries/historical-fiction/the-emperors-riddles-satyarth-nayak-book-review}}</ref>

==Reception==

''The Emperor's Riddles'' was met with a positive response. The book earned acclaim from other mystery writers, with [[Amish Tripathi]] calling it "a fantastic blend of myth, imagination and mystery", and [[Ashwin Sanghi]] describing it as "Intelligent, Intriguing, Imaginative, Intense". While ''[[Times of India]]'' called it a "history meets mystery",<ref name="times1" /> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' called it "a gripping tale of intrigue" and lauded the book for its "taut narration and interesting climax".<ref>{{cite web|last=Hindustan Times|title=The Emperor's Riddles : A Book For Believers|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/books/the-emperor-s-riddles-a-book-for-the-believers/article1-1218341.aspx}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> ''HT Brunch'' magazine included the book in its Summer Reading List of 2014, calling it "a celebration of our great Indian civilisation and its scientific genius" and recommending it for those who like "riddles and cool mythological references".<ref>{{cite web|last=HT Brunch|title=The Brunch Summer Reading List|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/the-big-brunch-summer-reading-list/article1-1226701.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527115734/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/the-big-brunch-summer-reading-list/article1-1226701.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2015}}</ref> [[Yahoo]] praised the book as an "extraordinary tale of riddles".<ref>{{cite web|last=Yahoo|title=Many hues of myths, mysteries and history|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/many-hues-myths-mysteries-history-050215073.html}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' described it as a "concoction of mystery, thriller, legend"<ref name="thehindu1" /> and a "national bestseller"<ref name="thehindu2" /> while ''[[The Pioneer (Indian newspaper)|The Pioneer]]'' lauded how "history is being explored by the new-age writers like never before".<ref>{{cite web|last=The Pioneer|title=Thrilled To Bits|url=http://archive.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/2014-05-18-48261.html}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The ''[[New Indian Express]]'' declared the thriller "a hit with young readers" and said it "opened a completely different avenue for budding writers to experiment with".<ref name="express1" /> While ''[[English Vinglish]]'' director [[Gauri Shinde]] called the book "an acclaimed thriller" via [[Twitter]], the ''SpectralHues'' book review said the thriller's "shock twist towards the end makes you feel so ignorant" and that "a Christopher Nolan of the West or our very own Anurag Kashyap can pretty well give it a thought to bring The Emperor’s Riddles to life on screen".<ref name="spectral">{{cite web |last=SpectralHues |title=A review of The Emperor's Riddles|date=3 December 2014 |url=http://www.spectralhues.com/books/book-reviews/2014/12/review-emperors-riddles/}}</ref>

==Comparisons with Dan Brown==

Since its release, ''The Emperor's Riddles'' has been likened to the mystery novels of [[Dan Brown]].<ref name="times1" /><ref name="thehindu2" /> In an interview with ''[[Times of India]]'', Nayak stated that "the fact that the book's earning comparisons with Dan Brown is overwhelming" and "If Brown has codes, my book has riddles."<ref name="times1" />

==Film adaptation==

The novel has received an interest from a Bollywood scriptwriter to convert it into a film. Nayak has stated that he will also be collaborating on the screenplay.<ref name="thehindu1" /><ref name="times1" />

==Awards==

* Shri Award for Men Achievers (Literature) 2016<ref>{{cite web|last=Pioneer|title=Men Achievers Felicitated in the City|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/men-achievers-felicitated-on-fathers-day-in-city.html}}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[The Mahabharata Secret]]''
*''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fzbz1JylDI A Short Film based on Nine Unknown Men]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.facebook.com/theemperorsriddles?ref=hl ''The Emperor's Riddles'' — Official Facebook Page]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emperor's Riddles}}
[[Category:2014 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Indian mystery novels]]
[[Category:Indian thriller novels]]
[[Category:2014 debut novels]]
[[Category:Memorials to Ashoka]]
[[Category:Novels set in the Maurya Empire]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Ashoka]]

Lata Tondon

2026-02-21T09:28:07Z

TheronShifflett: done - done

{{Short description|Indian chef}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox chef
|name=Lata Tondon
|image=
|birth_name=
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1980|4|15|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh]], India
|known_for=First woman to hold [[Guinness World Record]] for marathon cooking
|awards=[[Guinness World Records]] for marathon cooking
|website={{URL|http://Instagram.com/cheflatatondon}}
}}
'''Lata Tondon''' (born 15 April 1980) is an Indian chef from [[Madhya Pradesh]] who is the former [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] holder for marathon cooking. She set the record in September 2019 after completing her cooking marathon in 87 hours, 45 minutes and was later surpassed by Nigerian chef [[Hilda Baci]] with 93 hours, 11 minutes.

== Background ==
Lata Tondon was born on 15 April 1980 in [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]], a city in the north-eastern part of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in India. She started cooking when she was young and found inspiration in her grandfather. According to the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', she credits her mother and mother-in-law for teaching her how to cook and she states that they were key players in her development. Tondon was educated at the Chef Academy of London in the United Kingdom and has worked with French chef [[Claude Bosi]] and American-British television chef [[Jun Tanaka (chef)|Jun Tanaka]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2023 |title=Culinary Marvel Lata Tandon inspiring culinary enthusiasts worldwide |language=en |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/culinary-marvel-lata-tandon-inspiring-culinary-enthusiasts-worldwide-101684172533819.html |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212507/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/culinary-marvel-lata-tandon-inspiring-culinary-enthusiasts-worldwide-101684172533819.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
In 2018 Tondon was the winner of International Indian Chef of the Year.<ref name="APN">{{cite news |title=Indian Chef, Lata Tondon becomes the first woman to win Guinness World Record for longest cooking marathon |url=https://www.apnnews.com/indian-chef-lata-tondon-becomes-the-first-woman-to-win-guinness-world-record-for-longest-cooking-marathon/ |access-date=17 May 2023 |publisher=APN News |date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517163424/https://www.apnnews.com/indian-chef-lata-tondon-becomes-the-first-woman-to-win-guinness-world-record-for-longest-cooking-marathon/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019 she set a [[Guinness World Records|''Guinness World Record'']] for marathon cooking.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 November 2019 |title=Chef Lata Tondon wins Guinness World Record title for longest cooking marathon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/chef-lata-tondon-wins-guinness-world-record-title-for-longest-cooking-marathon/articleshow/72145963.cms |access-date=16 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215558/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/chef-lata-tondon-wins-guinness-world-record-title-for-longest-cooking-marathon/articleshow/72145963.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She was the first woman in the world to hold the record, and the first female chef to enter the ''Guinness World Record Book''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2023 |title=Culinary Marvel Lata Tandon inspiring culinary enthusiasts worldwide |language=en |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/culinary-marvel-lata-tandon-inspiring-culinary-enthusiasts-worldwide-101684172533819.html |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212507/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/culinary-marvel-lata-tandon-inspiring-culinary-enthusiasts-worldwide-101684172533819.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She cooked for 87 hours, 45 minutes non-stop to set the record.<ref name="APN"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Guinness World Record: Things To Note About Former Title Holder, Lata London |url=https://independent.ng/guinness-world-record-things-to-note-about-title-holder-lata-london/#:~:text=Lata%20Tondon%20held%20the%20title,and%2045%20minutes%20in%202019. |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516173847/https://independent.ng/guinness-world-record-things-to-note-about-title-holder-lata-london/#:~:text=Lata%20Tondon%20held%20the%20title,and%2045%20minutes%20in%202019. |url-status=live |newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Chef Lata Tondon {{!}} Guinness World Record {{!}} First Woman Record Holder |language=en-US |work=The Global Indian |url=https://www.globalindian.com/story/art-culture/lata-tondon-the-first-woman-to-set-the-guinness-world-record-for-marathon-cooking/ |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=14 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514223709/https://www.globalindian.com/story/art-culture/lata-tondon-the-first-woman-to-set-the-guinness-world-record-for-marathon-cooking/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tondon has worked both in India and London where she studied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Longest cooking marathon (individual) |url=https://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-cooking-marathon-(individual) |website=Guinness World Records |date=7 September 2019 |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516194406/https://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-cooking-marathon-(individual) |url-status=live }}</ref> She is also a [[TED (conference)|TEDx]] speaker. She has focussed on promoting the regional cuisine of India; she also attempts to expand on the flavours and techniques of those dishes. Tondon also attempts to achieve [[Food loss and waste|zero food waste]] cooking and promotes healthy eating.<ref>{{cite web |title=Theme: TO BE OR NOT TO BE |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/52027 |website=TEDxABESEC |publisher=TEDx |date=12 November 2022 |access-date=17 May 2023 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517021108/https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/52027 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Honours ==
Tondon has been honoured with several awards, which include recognitions from the Asia Book of Records, India Book of Records, [[Indo-china]] Book of Records, [[Vietnam]] Book of Records, [[Laos]] Book of Records, and [[Nepal]] Book of Records among others.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2023 |title=Culinary Marvel Lata Tandon inspiring culinary enthusiasts worldwide |language=en |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/culinary-marvel-lata-tandon-inspiring-culinary-enthusiasts-worldwide-101684172533819.html |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212507/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/culinary-marvel-lata-tandon-inspiring-culinary-enthusiasts-worldwide-101684172533819.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tondon, Lata}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:World record holders]]
[[Category:People from Rewa, Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian chefs]]
[[Category:Indian women chefs]]

Guddi Maruti

2026-02-20T20:56:33Z

TheronShifflett: Data

{{short description|Indian film and television actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Guddi Maruti
| image = Guddi_Maruti.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Guddi Maruti
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Tahira Parab
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|04|4|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| years_active = 1980–present
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives = [[Marutirao Parab]] (Father) Kamal (mother)
| awards =
}}

'''Guddi Maruti''' is an Indian actress best known for her comedy roles on TV and in [[Bollywood]] movies.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/when-i-was-working-i-was-not-allowed-to-lose-weight/20151014.htm |title=When I was working, I was not allowed to lose weight |work=Rediff |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/guddi-maruti-makes-comeback-in-films-after-nine-years/ |title=Guddi Maruti makes comeback in films after nine years |date=10 September 2015 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=8 November 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.bollywoodbindass.com/guddi-maruti/ |title=Guddi Maruti - Bollywood Bindass |date=28 July 2016 |work=Bollywood Bindass |access-date=8 November 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Maruti was born to an actor-director father [[Marutirao Parab]] in [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]].<ref name=":77">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E8r_4MH2aE |title=EXCLUSIVE {{!}} Guddi Maruti Talks About Divya Bharti, Govinda Akshay & Fight With Mamta Kulkarni {{!}} |work=Bollywood Thikana |date=1 July 2023 |access-date=8 July 2023 |via=YouTube |time={{time needed |date=July 2023}}}}</ref> Her name is Tahira Parab and she was nicknamed Guddi by [[Manmohan Desai]], which she uses as her the screen name.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Maruti started her career at the age of 10 years as a child artist in the film ''Jaan Haazir Hain''.<ref name=":0" /> After her father's death, she continued acting to support the family. Due to her physical appearance, she bagged comedy roles in films and kept on going with her career.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

Maruti has acted in over 97 movies since the 1980s. Over the years, she acted in TV shows and is well known for her role as Bua in the TV show ''[[Doli Armaano Ki|Doli Armano Ki]]''.<ref name=":2" /> Her popular movies include ''[[Khiladi (film series)|Khiladi]]'', ''[[Shola Aur Shabnam (1992 film)|Shola Aur Shabnam]]'', ''[[Aashik Awara|Aashik Aawara]]'', ''[[Dulhe Raja]]'' and ''[[Biwi No.1|Biwi No. 1]]''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=http://www.facenfacts.com/NewsDetails/60747/guddi-maruti-makes-comeback-in-films-after-nine-years.htm |title=Guddi Maruti makes comeback in films after nine years - FacenFacts |website=facenfacts.com |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> She did not take chances to get to mainstream acting to avoid risks of being unsuccessful.<ref name=":0" />

In 1995, Maruti and [[Vrajesh Hirjee]] did a stand up comedy show, ''Sorry Meri Lorry'',<ref name=":77" /> which also added to her fame.<ref name=":0" />

She took a career break in 2006 and rejoined the film industry in 2015. She started her career again with the comedy movie ''[[Hum Sab Ullu Hain]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.filmilive.com/celebrity/guddi-maruti.html |title=Guddi Maruti (Actor) – Profile |website=FilmiLive |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

== Filmography ==
=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
|-
|1980
|''[[Sau Din Saas Ke]]''
|Maina
|-
|1983
|''[[Gupchup Gupchup]]'' (Marathi Film)
|Roza, College Student
|-
| rowspan="2" |1985
|''[[Bewafai]]''
|Guddi
|-
|''[[Maa Kasam (1985 film)|Maa Kasam]]''
|Tribal Fat Girl/ Bholaram Daughter
|-
| rowspan="3" |1986
|''[[Aag Aur Shola]]''
|College Student
|-
|''[[Tan-Badan]]''
|Doctor's Wife
|-
|''[[Nagina (1986 film)|Nagina]]''
|Bhanumati
|-
|1987
|''[[Hukumat]]''
|Prostitute in Red Light Area
|-
|1988
|''[[Kasam (1988 film)]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1989
|[[Jaisi Karni Waisi Bharnii|Jaisi Karni Waisi Bharni]]
|Bela Batliwala
|-
|''[[Elaan-E-Jung]]''
|Football, Massage girl
|-
| rowspan="2" |1990
|''[[Amiri Garibi]]''
|Fat Girl in Rickshaw
|-
|''[[Mera Pati Sirf Mera Hai]]''
|Dolly
|-
| rowspan="5" |1991
|''[[Farishtay]]''
|Pandit's wife
|-
|''[[Karz Chukana Hai]]''
|Dudhwani Khareram
|-
|''[[Narsimha (film)|Narasimha]]''
|Fisherwomen
|-
|''[[Swarg Yahan Narak Yahan]]''
|School Principal/Hostelmanager/Radha's Aunt
|-
|''[[Trinetra]]''
|Mona's friend
|-
| rowspan="7" |1992
|''[[Shola Aur Shabnam (1992 film)|Shola Aur Shabnam]]''
|Guddi
|-
|''[[Khiladi (1992 film)|Khiladi]]''
|Chandramukhi/ [[Vada Pav]]
|-
|''[[Chamatkar]]''
|She-Girl
|-
|''[[Honeymoon (1992 film)]]''
|Maizaah
|-
|''[[Zulm Ki Hukumat]]''
|
|-
|''[[Jeena Marna Tere Sang]]''
|College Student
|-
|''[[Balwaan]]''
|Radha
|-
| rowspan="4" |1993
|''[[Aashiq Awara]]''
|Batwoman in Club
|-
|''[[Waqt Hamara Hai]]''
|College Student
|-
|''[[Dil Tera Aashiq]]''
|Passenger in the train
|-
|''[[Santaan]]''
|Vachani Daughter
|-
| rowspan="2" |1994
|''[[Dulaara (1994 film)|Dulaara]]''
|College friend of Priya
|-
|''[[Ikke Pe Ikka]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikke Pe Ikka - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=3065 |access-date=5 January 2025 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
|Guddi
|-
|1995
|''[[Policewala Gunda]]''
|Renu
|-
| rowspan="4" |1996
|[[Vijeta (1996 film)|''Vijeta'' (1996 film)]]
|Rani
|-
| ''[[Beqabu]]''
| Rahmi's friend
|-
| [[Dil Tera Diwana (1996 film)|''Dil Tera Diwana'' (1996 film)]]
|Momo
|-
|''[[Chhote Sarkar (1996 film)|Chhote Sarkar]]''
|Doctor/ Police Constable
|-
|1997
|''[[Tarazu]]''
|Pooja Friend
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|''[[Dulhe Raja]]''
|Ajgar Singh's Wife
|-
|''[[Aunty No. 1]]''
|Asha
|-
| rowspan="2" |1999
|''[[Rajaji (film)|Rajaji]]''
|Kalicharan's Wife
|-
|''[[Biwi No.1|Biwi No 1]]''
|Travel Agent
|-
|2001
| ''[[Dil Ne Phir Yaad Kiya (2001 film)]]''
|Komal Singh
|-
|2002
|''Aadhar'' (Marathi Film)
|Mrs Sharma
|-
|2010
|''[[Khuda Kasam]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/khuda-kasam-am240841/cast-crew |title=Khuda Kasam (2010) - K.C. Bokadia {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} AllMovie |language=en |access-date=2025-01-30 |via=www.allmovie.com}}</ref>
|Julie
|-
|2011
|''Meri Marzi''
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Hum Sab Ullu Hain]]''
|
|-
|2019
|''Zindagi Tumse''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/theatre/five-actresses-to-star-in-hello-zindagi/articleshow/69184501.cms |title=Five actresses to star in 'Hello Zindagi' |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/bollyy-epaper-bolyy/60+year+old+guddi+maruti+stages+her+come+back+with+film+zindagi+tumse-newsid-112964499 |title=60 Year Old Guddi Maruti Stages Her Come Back With Film 'Zindagi Tumse' |website=Daily Hunt}}</ref>
|Durga
|-
|2020
|''[[Kaamyaab]]''
|herself
|-
|2022
|''[[Mister Mummy]]''
|Burnol
|-
|2024
|''[[Vijay 69]]''
|Parminder Bakshi
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1986
|''[[Idhar Udhar]]''
|Moti Shabnam
|
|-
|1993
|''Zabaan Sambhal Ke''
|
|
|-
|1995
|''Shreeman Shreemati''
|Mrs. Mehta
|
|-
|1996
|''Sorry Meri Lorry''
|
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Agadam Bagdam Tigdam]]''
|Rosie
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Mrs. Kaushik Ki Paanch Bahuein]]''
|Paddy Aunty
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Doli Armaano Ki]]''
|Bua
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Yeh Un Dinon Ki Baat Hai]]''
|Principal Ma'am VJN College
|
|-
|2019
|''Hello Zindagi''
|Bijoya Di
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Zyada Mat Udd]]''
|Ammi
|
|-
|2025–present
|''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]''
|Mandira
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0555455}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maruti, Guddi}}
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:1961 births]]

Gujarmal Modi

2026-02-08T23:28:58Z

TheronShifflett: added info

{{Short description|Indian industrialist and philanthropist}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2025}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gujarmal Modi
| image = Rai Bahadur Gujarmal Modi.png
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1902|8|9}}
| birth_place = [[Mahendragarh]], [[Patiala State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1976|1|22|1902|9|8}}
| death_place = [[Modinagar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| occupation = [[Industrialist]]
[[Philanthropist]]
| spouse = {{ubl|
* {{marriage|Rajwan Modi|1914}}
* {{marriage|[[Dayawati Modi]]|1932}}
}}
| website =
| footnotes =
| children = 22, including [[Krishan Kumar Modi|Krishan]] and [[Bhupendra Kumar Modi|Bhupendra]]{{efn|Eleven of his children with his first wife were [[stillborn]].}}
}}

'''Gujarmal Modi''' (9 August 1902 – 22 January 1976) was an Indian industrialist and philanthropist who co-established the [[Modi Group]] of companies and the industrial city of [[Modinagar]] in 1933, along with his brother Kedar Nath Modi.<ref>{{cite web|last=John|first=Satish|title=After Ambanis, it's Modis' turn to show sibling camaraderie at BK Modi's birthday|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/news/30587680_1_modi-brothers-modi-group-kk-modi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113163526/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/news/30587680_1_modi-brothers-modi-group-kk-modi|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 January 2012|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2024}} A sugar mill in [[Modinagar]] marked the beginning of the Modi Group conglomerate, which later diversified into varied fields.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Gujarmal Modi|url=http://umeshmodigroup.com/About.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410123000/http://www.umeshmodigroup.com/About.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 April 2011|access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref>

GM Modi established schools and colleges at his birthplace, Mahendragarh, in [[Patiala]] and in Modinagar. He also contributed in the field of higher education by giving grants to established institutions such as [[Banaras Hindu University]], and different colleges in [[Meerut]] and other places. He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1968.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Bhushan Awardees|publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]]|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php}}</ref> He is the grandfather of [[Lalit Modi]], the founder of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL).<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|last=Schwartz|first=Peter|title=The World's Hottest Sports League|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/27/cricket-india-ipl-business-sports-ipl.html|work=Forbes|access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Shubham|title=Lalit will head family flagship, says father|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/lalit-will-head-family-flagship-says-father/articleshow/5862278.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=27 April 2010 |access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref>

==Early life==
Gujarmal Modi was born as Ram Prasad Modi on 9 August 1902, in [[Mahendragarh]] (now in [[Haryana]] state) to a [[Marwari people|Marwari]] Family. He was the second child of his father, Multani Mal Modi, and the only child of his mother, Chandi Devi, who was Multani Mal's second wife. Chandi Devi died of sepsis only six days after the birth of Gujarmal. Multani Mal then married a third time, and it was his step-mother, Gujri Devi, who reared Gujarmal. All his life, Gujarmal was to share a relationship of great affection and attachment with his step-mother. He gave up his real name (Ram Prasad) in favour of the name "Gujarmal," which he selected in honour of his step-mother.

During his time studying in the tenth standard, Gujarmal neglected to pay his examination fees, which resulted in the loss of an academic year. This incident led to his father inducting Gujarmal into the family business at a young age while simultaneously being home-schooled.{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=10–14}}

== Business career ==
In 1932, after a decade during which he grappled with personal issues and depression, Modi revived both his spirit and his business. After his second marriage that year, Modi became enthused and motivated for carrying on his business, because the sense of futility and depression left him when his wife became pregnant. Modi fulfilled his long-standing desire of expanding the family business to new sectors and territories. In 1932, with an amount of Rs. 400/-, he left for [[Delhi]] on the lookout for viable ventures.{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=28–32}} The village of Begumabad was finally selected as the site of his first independent venture— a sugar mill.{{sfn|Herdeck|Piramal|1985|p=237}} After initial difficulties in managing the sugar mill, Gujarmal successfully managed to turn things around to make his debut venture into a profitable entity. One of Gujarmal’s major successes was the toilet soap factory, which began operations in 1941. Gujarmal with the help of a Bengali gentleman figured out a way to produce toilet soap without the use of tallow— the substance used to make the soap cake dry and hard. Instead, his toilet soap factory used ''vanaspati'', from his ''vanaspati'' manufacturing unit, which proved to be a huge success.{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=46–48}}

'''Businesses founded by Gujarmal Modi'''{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=30}}

* 1933: Sugar mill
* 1939: Vanaspati manufacturing unit
* 1940: Washing soap factory
* 1941: Toilet soap factory
* 1941: Modi tin factory
* 1941: Modi food products
* 1944: Modi Oil Mills
* 1945: Biscuit manufacturing factory and confectionery plant
* 1947: Paints and varnish factory
* 1948: Textile mill
* 1957: Spinning mill
* 1959: Flour mill
* 1960: Distillery
* 1961: Torch factory
* 1964: Steel factory
* 1965: Thread mill
* 1965: Modipon<ref>{{cite web|title=Modipon Ltd.|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/modipon-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-13392.cms|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref>
* 1971: Modi Rubber Ltd<ref name="The Economic Times-2">{{cite web|title=Modi Rubber Ltd.|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/modi-rubber-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-13388.cms|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==
{{unsourced|section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Gujarmal modi.jpg|thumbnail|right|Bust of Gujarmal Modi.]]
Modi's personal life had its fair share of ups and downs. As was customary in those days, he was married aged twelve, in 1914, to a girl the same age as him. He and his wife therefore grew up together and were very attached to each other. Six years after their wedding, the couple became the parents of a child, but the newborn died within a few hours. Little did the family realize at that time that they were fated to relive this misery ten times over, for this heartbreaking event was to be tragically repeated that many times in as many years. During the years 1920-31, Modi's wife bore as many as ten children, but every single child died either in childbirth or in infancy. Medical care in semi-rural Begumabad was abysmal, and the Modi family was not yet seriously wealthy. Modi's wife also began keeping ill constantly, but it is not known whether this was a cause or a consequence of the loss of children. It became clear that further attempt at child-bearing would be both futile and dangerous to the health of the mother. Modi's wife despaired of motherhood, and joined family elders in counseling him to bring another wife home, saying that she would rejoice in his children, for they would be in some sense her own children.

Gujar Mal finally acceded to the entreaties of his father and first wife. Multani Mal set about searching for another suitable match, and on 19 June 1932, Gujar Mal was married to [[Dayawati Modi]], a lady of his own [[Marwari people|Marwadi]] community hailing from Etah district of Uttar Pradesh.{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=24}} Dayawati, the daughter of Chheda Lal, a tradesman of Etah, was seventeen years old; Gujar Mal was thirty. The two co-wives lived harmoniously together in the same household, because Gujar Mal began treating his first wife as a family elder. Dayawati was to become the mother of eleven healthy children, five sons and six daughters. Three daughters Rajkumari, Bimla and Rajeshwari were born before the birth of [[K K Modi]], their eldest son, in 1940. Their other sons are Vinay Kumar, Satish Kumar, [[Bhupendra Kumar Modi|Bhupendra Kumar]] aka [[Bhupendra Kumar Modi|Dr.M]] and Umesh Kumar.

==Personality==
Gujarmal was a staunch patriot and this was amply visible during his youth. In 1926, he was insulted on the basis of his nationality by an Englishman working in [[India]] by the name of Mr. Turner, after the young Modi outbid him during a public auction. An incensed Modi subjected the Englishman to a beating, which later resulted in a telling off by the Maharaja of Patiala; but earned him the respect of the public.{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=20–23}}

In 1945, after the end of the [[Second World War]], the British government wanted to confer a [[knighthood]] on Gujarmal for the exemplary service provided by his companies during the War. Gujarmal instead requested the British to confer on him an Indian title. The British duly complied and decided to honour him with the title of ''Raja Bahadur'', which was the catalyst behind the renaming of Begumabad to [[Modinagar]]. In 1946, the interim government of India decided to stop conferring titles and the decision to honour Gujarmal was deferred.{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=50–52}}

==Modi Group==
[[File:Modi at IPL Players Auction.jpg|thumb|left|Lalit Modi.]]
The [[Modi Group]] split in 1989, and the business was divided between the five sons of Gujarmal Modi, including [[Krishan Kumar Modi]], VK Modi, SK Modi, [[B. K. Modi]] and UK Modi and the three sons of his step brother Kedar Nath Modi. Krishan Kumar Modi, Gujarmal Modi's eldest son, owns Godfrey Phillips, the tobacco manufacturing company.<ref name=mo>{{cite news|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13993&Itemid=1&issueid=78&sectionid=5&limit=1&limitstart=1|title=The empire crawls back |date=15 February 2010|publisher=Business Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bhupesh-bhandari-sparethought-for-lalit%5Cs-surname/392732/|title=Bhupesh Bhandari: Spare a thought for Lalit's surname|date=23 April 2010|publisher=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Modis erase rubber flagship|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main9.asp?filename=Ne122504modies_erase.asp|publisher=Tehelka|access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>

His brother K. N. Modi, died in 2005, at the age of 84. His son M.K. Modi is the head of Modipon Fibre, of the K.N. Modi Group, while his other son Y.K. Modi was FICCI president for many years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/29/stories/2005052902091200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519110715/http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/29/stories/2005052902091200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 May 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Industrialist K.N. Modi passes away |date=29 May 2005}}</ref> Since the division, the Modi Group companies have underperformed and failed to match the successes achieved by the late Gujarmal Modi.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Rise, Fall & Rise of Indian Business Families|url=http://www.businessandeconomy.org/14122006/storyd.asp?sid=641&pageno=6|publisher=Business & Economy|access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref>

His son [[Krishan Kumar Modi]] and former chairman of Modi Group died at the age of 79 on 2 November 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Th Indian Express |title=FICCI mourns demise of its former president K K Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/industrialist-k-k-modi-dead-ficci-6101420/ |website=www.indiansexpress.com |date=3 November 2019 |publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref>

In April 2010, [[Krishan Kumar Modi]], had revealed that his eldest son [[Lalit Modi]] will succeed him as the helm of Modi Group's flagship business Godfrey Phillips India (GPI).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Shubham |title=Lalit will head family flagship, says father |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lalit-will-head-family-flagship-says-father/articleshow_new/5861586.cms?from=mdr |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Modi had a telling impact on Indian commerce and industry and that is amply displayed by the awards and honours bestowed upon him. In 1968, he was decorated with the Padma Bhushan— the third-highest civilian award in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Bhushan |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |publisher=Government of India |access-date=24 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> The same year, he also became the President of the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (FICCI). Gujarmal held positions in various committees and business-governance bodies during his career.{{sfn|Chauhan|1977|p=72–79}}

*1960: Member of the Central Customs and Excise Advisory Committee
*1960: Vice-President of the Reserve Bank of Northern India
*1964: Member of the National Productivity Council
*1967: Member of the Export and Import Advisory Council & Indian Exports Organisation
*1968: Chairman of the International Arbitration Council

==Philanthropic activities==
GM Modi established various institutions in the fields of education, science, medicine and women’s welfare to uplift the country’s downtrodden and encourage competence-development in the youth. The Gujarmal Modi Innovative Science and Technology Award was instituted in 1988 in honour of his numerous philanthropic contributions to the field.<ref name=Philanthropy>{{cite news|title=Gujar Mal Modi Award for V.P. Sharma|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/gujar-mal-modi-award-for-vp-sharma/article5008554.ece|work=The Hindu|date=9 August 2013 |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gujar Mal Modi award for scientist Vinod Prakash Sharma|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/gujar-mal-modi-award-for-scientist-vinod-prakash-sharma-113080900899_1.html|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>

'''Educational Institutes under the Modi Group'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Educational Institutions under the Modi Group|url=http://www.wiuindia.com/modi.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224163333/http://www.wiuindia.com/modi.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2007|publisher=MAII|access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>

* Multani Mal Modi Post-Graduate College, Modinagar
* Multani Mal Modi Degree College, Patiala
* Modi Science & Commerce College, Modinagar
* Rukmani Modi Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Modinagar
* Dayawati Modi Public School, Modinagar
* Dayawati Modi High School, G.M. Modigram, Kathwara, Rai Barelli
* Dayawati Modi Junior High School, Sikrikalan
* Dayawati Modi Junior High School, Devendrapuri, Modinagar
* Gayatri Devi Modi Junior High School, Kedarpura, Modinagar
* Chandidevi Modi Junior High School, Modipuram
* Dayawati Modi Junior High School, Saidpur
* Dayawati Modi Junior High School, Abupur
* Dayawati Modi Junior High School, Bhojpur
* Pramila Devi Modi Junior High School, Harmukhpuri, Modinagar
* Dayawati Modi Junior High School, Shahjahanpur
* Condensed Course of Education for Adult Women, Modinagar
* Chheda Lal Shishu Niketan, Kasganj, Etah
* Chandidevi Modi Primary School, Modipuram
* Chandidevi Modi Nursery School, Modipuram
* Dayawati Modi Mahila Shilpa Kala Kendra, Modinagar
* Dayawati Modi Mahila Shilpa Kala Kendra, Modipuram
* Dayawati Modi Mahila Shilpa Kala Kendra, Kedarpura, Modinagar
* Dayawati Modi Mahila Shilpa Kala Kendra, Sikrikalan
* Dayawati Modi Mahila Shilpa Kala Kendra, Abupur
* Dayawati Modi Mahila Shilpa Kala Kendra, G.M. Modigram, Kathwara, Rai Barelli
* Multani Mal Modi Vidyalaya, Mahendergarh, Haryana

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last1=Herdeck|first1=Margaret |last2=Piramal |first2=Gita |title=India's industrialists, Volume 1 India's Industrialists|publisher=Lynne Rienner |year=1985|isbn=0-89410-415-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcbBEHHI-90C&q=Gujarmal+Modi&pg=PA233}}
* {{cite book|last=Saxena|first=Aruna |title=Perspectives in industrial geography: a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1989|isbn=81-7022-250-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o31qeLOxQYsC&q=Gujarmal+Modi&pg=PA181|ref=Sa}}
* {{cite book|last=Chauhan|first=Dr. P.P.S.|title=A Vision of Karmayogi Gujarmal Modi|year=1977|publisher=Allied Publicity Bureau|location=Modinagar|pages=10–14|url=https://issuu.com/modigroup/docs/a_vision_of_karmayogi_gujar_mal_mod}}

==External links==
*[http://www.modi.com Modi group website page on Rai Bahadur Gujar Mal Modi]

{{commons category|Gujar Mal Modi}}
{{Modi Enterprises}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Modi, Gujar Mal}}
[[Category:Businesspeople from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Mahendragarh]]
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry]]
[[Category:Rai Bahadurs]]
[[Category:People from Modinagar]]
[[Category:Modi family|Gujarmal]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:20th-century philanthropists]]

Munna Bhai (film series)

2026-02-06T05:26:18Z

TheronShifflett: expanded content

{{short description|Indian film series by Rajkumar Hirani}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox media franchise
| title = Munna Bhai film series
| image = Munna_Bhai_Franchise.jpg
| creator = [[Rajkumar Hirani]]
| origin = ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S]]'' (2003)
| owner = [[Vinod Chopra Films]]
| films = {{plainlist|
* ''Munna Bhai M.B.B.S'' (2003)
* ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006)
}}
|otherlabel1 = Portrayers
|otherdata1 = {{plainlist|
* [[Sanjay Dutt]]
* [[Arshad Warsi]]
* [[Boman Irani]]
* [[Jimmy Sheirgill]]
}}
}}

'''''Munna Bhai''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[film series]] created, written and directed by [[Rajkumar Hirani]] and produced by [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] under the banner of [[Vinod Chopra Productions]]. It consists of ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]'', released in 2003, and ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', released in 2006. The two films stars the same characters of [[Sanjay Dutt]] as [[Munna Bhai]] and [[Arshad Warsi]] as Circuit, with different plot elements and settings. [[Boman Irani]] and [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] feature in each film as different characters. Both of the films received widespread critical acclaim and became huge commercial successes.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/munnabhai-has-come-to-our-rescue/articleshow/2030118.cms | title=Munnabhai has come to our rescue | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=27 September 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/on-15-years-of-munna-bhai-mbbs-sanjay-dutt-shares-old-memories-and-a-big-jadoo-ki-jhappi-1965025 | title=On 15 Years of Munna Bhai MBBS, Sanjay Dutt Shares Old Memories and A 'Big Jadoo Ki Jhappi' }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/munna-bhai-mbbs-turns-15/20181219.htm | title=Munna Bhai MBBS turns 15! }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2003/dec/19munna.htm | title=Munnabhai MBBS: Sahi hai! }}</ref>

== Films ==

=== ''Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.'' (2003) ===
{{Main|Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.}}
Murli Prasad Sharma, nicknamed "Munna Bhai," is a good-hearted local gangster who engages in criminal activities. Munna Bhai pretends to be a doctor in order to impress his father, but after being revealed as a gangster to his father, who feels insulted, he decides to go to a medical college to obtain an [[Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery#India|M.B.B.S.]] degree to prove he can become a real doctor. The film follows Munna's extremely well-played struggle as he learns about the medical system and makes his way through the renowned medical college run by dean Dr. Asthana, the very man who insulted his father. He continues to cheat his way through college but changes over time while also instilling a more heartfelt and sensitive approach to patient care in the hospital.

=== ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' (2006) ===
{{Main|Lage Raho Munna Bhai}}
In the second installment of the series, Munna Bhai poses as a professor of history in order to meet with a radio jockey whose voice he has fallen in love with. She asks him to give a lecture and questions on [[Mahatma Gandhi]], and as a result, he becomes a proponent of [[Gandhism]] and uses it to solve modern-life problems of the people.

=== Sequels ===
After [[Sanjay Dutt]] was released from jail after completing his sentence (2013–2016) for [[Sanjay Dutt#Illegal possession of arms|illegal possession of firearms]], Vidhu Vinod Chopra announced in September 2016 that production on the third Munna Bhai film starring Dutt in the title role might begin in 2017.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/work-on-munnabhai-3-to-begin-next-year-vidhu-vinod-chopra-695772-2016-09-29 Work on Munnabhai 3 to begin next year: Vidhu Vinod Chopra]</ref> In 2023, the script was finalized with a working title of ''Munna Bhai Chale America'', however after pre-production, the film was shelved.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-why-sanjay-dutt-and-arshad-warsis-munna-bhai-3-may-never-happen/articleshow/103754902.cms Here’s Why Sanjay Dutt and Arshad Warsi’s ‘Munna Bhai 3’ May Never Happen]</ref>

Chopra announced in late 2024 that he is working screenplays for two sequels: ''Munna Bhai'' III and ''[[3 Idiots]]'' II. [[Rajkumar Hirani]] also confirmed that he is working on a future ''Munna Bhai'' film.<ref name=sequels>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/vidhu-vinod-chopra-confirms-3-idiots-sequel-and-munna-bhai-3-1503377964.html |title=Vidhu Vinod Chopra confirms '3 Idiots' sequel and 'Munna Bhai 3'|date=December 20, 2024 |work=[[The Statesman (India)]] |agency= |access-date=January 30, 2025}}</ref>

== Cast and characters ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="60%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Actor
! colspan="2" | Film
|-
! "width:10%;"| ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]'' (2003)
! "width:10%;"| ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006)
|-
![[Sanjay Dutt]]
|colspan="2" |Murli Prasad Sharma ([[Munna Bhai]])
|-
![[Arshad Warsi]]
|colspan="2" | Sarkeshwar (Circuit)
|-
![[Gracy Singh]]
|Dr. Suman Asthana (Chinki)
|colspan="1" {{n/a|}}
|-
![[Vidya Balan]]
|{{n/a|}}
|Janvi
|-
![[Boman Irani]]
|Dr. J. C. Asthana
|Lakhbir Singh (Lucky)
|-
![[Sunil Dutt]]
|Shri Hari Prasad Sharma
| colspan="1" {{n/a|}}
|-
![[Rohini Hattangadi]]
|Parvati Sharma
| colspan="1" {{n/a|}}
|-
![[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]
| {{n/a|}}
|[[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] ("Bapu")
|-
![[Dia Mirza]]
| {{n/a|}}
|Simran Singh
|-
![[Jimmy Shergill]]
|Zaheer Khan
|Victor D'Souza
|-
![[Yatin Karyekar]]
|Anand Banerjee
|colspan="1" {{n/a|}}
|-
![[Kurush Deboo]]
|Dr. Rustom Pavri
|Advocate Dhansukh Bhai Patel (Gujju)
|-
!Bomie E. Dotiwala
|Rustom's father
|Bomie Uncle
|-
![[Supriya Shukla]]
|{{n/a|}}
|Lucky's wife
|-
![[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]
|{{n/a|}}
|Khurana
|-
![[Abhishek Bachchan]]
|{{n/a|}}
|Sunny Khurana
|-
![[Saurabh Shukla]]
|{{n/a|}}
|Batuk Maharaj
|-
![[Priya Bapat]]
|First year medical student (Cameo Appearance)
|Girl in restaurant who calls Munna at his radio show (Cameo Appearance)
|-
![[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]
|Pickpocket at railway station who tries to steal Hari's wallet (Cameo Appearance)
|colspan="1" {{n/a|}}
|-
![[Parikshit Sahni]]
|{{n/a|}}
|A. L. D'Souza (Victor's father)
|-
![[Rohitash Gaud]]
|Coconut seller in park
|Kuku (Lucky's sidekick)
|-
!Surendra Rajan
|Maqsood Bhai (cleaner at the medical institute)
|Hariram (librarian at the Gandhi library)
|-
|}

== Release and revenue ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Film
! style="text-align:center;"| Release date
! style="text-align:center;"| Budget
! style="text-align:center;"| Box office revenue
|-
| ''Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.'' || 19 December 2003 || {{INRConvert|100|m}}<ref name="the hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/06/stories/2004080602070100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820135540/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/06/stories/2004080602070100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2004 |title=A runaway success | date = 6 August 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date = 5 September 2016}}</ref> || {{INRConvert|346|m}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/munnabhai-mbbs/box-office/|title=Munnabhai MBBS Box Office Collection till Now {{!}} Box Collection - Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref>
|-
| ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' || 1 September 2006 || {{INRConvert|120|m}}<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2006/0LARM.php| title = Lage Raho Munnabhai| access-date = 3 May 2007| work = The Numbers| publisher = Nash Information Services, LLC}}</ref> || {{INRConvert|1.27|b}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/lage-raho-munnabhai/box-office/|title=Lage Raho Munnabhai Box Office Collection till Now {{!}} Box Collection - Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Awards ==
=== ''Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.'' ===
''Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.'' was the recipient of a number of awards. At the 2004 [[Filmfare awards]], it received the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie]], the [[Filmfare Best Screenplay Award]], the [[Filmfare Best Dialogue Award]], and the [[Filmfare Best Comedian Award]] in addition to four other nominations. It won a number of awards at the 2004 [[Zee Cine Awards]] including Best Debuting Director, [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role]], Best Cinematography, and Best Dialogue.

Other ceremonies include the 2004 [[National Film Awards]], where it won the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|National Film Award for Best Popular Film]], and the 2004 [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]], where it won the [[IIFA Best Comedian Award]].

=== ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' ===
{{Main|List of accolades received by Lage Raho Munna Bhai}}

''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' is the recipient of four [[National Film Awards]] in addition to other awards. Some speculated that it would represent India as an entry for the [[List of submissions to the 79th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|2007 Academy Award for Best Foreign Film]].<ref name=begins>{{Cite news| first=Taran| last=Adarsh| url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1173052/Munnas-tryst-with-Oscars-begins| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505165739/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1173052/Munnas-tryst-with-Oscars-begins| url-status=dead| archive-date=5 May 2014| title=Munna's tryst with Oscars begins| website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]| date=1 November 2006|access-date=1 November 2006}}</ref> Although ultimately losing to ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' as India's official submission, the producers submitted it as an independent entry. However, neither film received an Oscar nomination.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Kashika| last=Saxena| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Indias-Oscar-race-Losers-weepers/articleshow/16528481.cms| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027104248/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-25/news-interviews/34062854_1_official-entry-film-federation-paheli| url-status=live| archive-date=27 October 2012|title=India's Oscar race: Losers weepers?| date=25 September 2012| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=6 December 2012}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Munna Bhai}}

[[Category:Indian film series]]
[[Category:Comedy film series]]
[[Category:Film series introduced in 2003]]
[[Category:Films about medical students]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]

Kerala floods

2026-02-02T05:36:46Z

TheronShifflett:

'''Kerala floods''' or '''Kerala flood''' may refer to these floods in [[Kerala]], India:

* [[1341 Kerala floods]]
* [[Great flood of 99]] (1924)
* [[2018 Kerala floods]]
* [[2019 Kerala floods]]
* [[2020 Kerala floods]]

{{Disambiguation}}

Karan Sanjay Deotale

2026-01-23T01:04:49Z

TheronShifflett: adding initial pg first draft - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Karan Sanjay Deotale''' (born 1995)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Karan Sanjay Deotale(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- WARORA(CHANDRAPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=818 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]]. He is an MLA from [[Warora Assembly constituency]] in [[Chandrapur district]]. He won the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karan Sanjay Deotale, BJP Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Karan Sanjay Deotale, Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/maharashtra/assembly-election-candidates-list-2024/karan-sanjay-deotale-13075-1 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Deotale is from [[Warora]], Chandrapur district, Maharashtra. He is the son of senior leader of [[Indian National Congress]] party and former four time MLA, Sanjay Wamanrao Deotale. He completed his BE civil at [[Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering|Yashwantrao Chavan College of Engineering]], Nagpur, which is under [[Nagpur University]], and later did MBA at Shrimati Leena Keshore Mamidvar Institute of Management and Research, [[Chandrapur]], which is affiliated with Godhvana University Gadhchiroli in 2021.<ref name=":0" />

==Political career ==
Karan deotale family were Member and close to [[Indian National Congress]] Party before switching to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] but Karan became a member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation and won from Warora Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 65,170 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Mukesh Manoj Jiwtode, an independent candidate, by a margin of 15,450 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karan Sanjay Deotale, BJP Candidate from Warora Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/maharashtra/karan-sanjay-deotale-s13aed2008a075e2024c001/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Warora, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Karan Sanjay Deotale wins Warora with 65170 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/warora-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638180-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Warora (Maharashtra) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/warora-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9684647/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deotale, Karan Sanjay}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Chandrapur district]]

Khans of Bollywood

2026-01-20T08:20:31Z

TheronShifflett: updated page

{{Short description|Bollywood actors with the surname Khan}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
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The term '''Khans of Bollywood''' refers to several actors of [[Bollywood]], the [[Mumbai]]-based [[Hindi]] language [[Cinema of India|Indian film]] industry, whose surnames are [[Khan (surname)|Khan]]. Most commonly, this involves the '''Three Khans''': [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Salman Khan]] and [[Aamir Khan]]. The three are unrelated, but happen to share the same surname,<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2016/03/20/are-bollywoods-three-khans-the-last-of-the-movie-kings/|title=Are Bollywood's Three Khans The Last Of The Movie Kings?|last=Cain|first=Rob|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref> and were all born in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fab At 50: A Tale Of Three Khans|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/anand-vaishnav-/fab-at-fifty-yes-they-kha_b_7482408.html|work=[[Huffington Post]]|date=8 June 2015|language=en-IN}}</ref> Due to their longevity and high popularity, they are considered among the most successful [[movie star]]s in the history of Indian cinema.

The dominance of the three Khans at the Indian box office has been compared to that of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]].<ref name="forbes"/> Shah Rukh Khan frequently appears among the top three wealthiest actors in the world, while Aamir Khan has been the only Eastern actor to be ranked first in the world's [[List of highest paid film actors|highest-earning actors in films]], and Salman Khan has been the highest paid celebrity in [[South Asia]] several times. They have also earned critical acclaim, between them winning 6 [[National Film Awards]] and 26 [[Filmfare Awards]]. They are some of the most famous Indians known overseas, and some of the world's biggest [[movie star]]s.<ref name="movie-star" /> They have been reported by various sources to command high salary packages up to {{INRConvert|50|c|0|year=2013|mode=historical}} per movie.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sportrichlist.com/top10/highest-paid-bollywood-actors/ |title=Top 10 Highest Paid Bollywood Actors 2015 |publisher=Sportrichlist.com |date=21 November 2013 |access-date=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202052604/http://sportrichlist.com/top10/highest-paid-bollywood-actors/ |archive-date=2 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sengar |first=Resham |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/take-home-salary-of-top-7-bollywood-stars_146256.html |title=Take home salary of top 7 Bollywood stars | Zee News |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=12 November 2013 |access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://listtoptens.com/top-10-highest-paid-bollywood-actors/ |title=Top 10 Highest Paid Bollywood Actors |publisher=Listtoptens.com |access-date=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014020246/http://listtoptens.com/top-10-highest-paid-bollywood-actors/ |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The three Khans have had successful careers since the late 1980s,<ref name="desiblitz">{{cite web|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/the-three-khans-of-bollywood|title=The Three Khans of Bollywood - DESIblitz|date=18 September 2012|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref> and have dominated the Indian box office since the 1990s, across three decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aamir-khan-is-the-king-of-the-king-khans-moved-ahead-of-shah-rukh-salman-1723117|title=Why Aamir Khan Is The King Of Khans: Foreign Media|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref>

Combined, they have starred in seven of the top ten [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|highest-grossing Bollywood films ever]], four out of ten [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films]],<ref name="worldwide">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php|title=Top Worldwide Grossers All Time|website=www.boxofficeindia.com|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref> and nearly every [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Highest-grossing films by year|annual top-grossing Bollywood film]] between 1989 and 2017 (except for 1992{{ndash}}1993).<ref name="worldwide"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=125&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014090332/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=125&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2013|title=Boxofficeindia.com|date=14 October 2013|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=126&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014072959/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=126&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2013|title=Boxofficeindia.com|date=14 October 2013|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref> They officially created the [[100 Crore Club]]:<ref name="rediff"/> the first films to [[Gross revenue|gross]] {{INR}}100 crore [[List of highest-grossing films in India|domestically]] was Salman's ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun]]'' (1994)
<ref name="boxofficeindia">{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3826&nCat= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425231804/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3826&nCat= |archive-date=25 April 2012 |title=The 100 Crore Worldwide Grossers: 34 Films Since 1994 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=19 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="web.archive.org"/> and Aamir Khan's ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'' (2008) was the first to [[Net income|net]] {{INR}}100 crore.<ref name="rediff">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/aamir-khans-10-biggest-hits/20141222.htm|title=Aamir Khan's 10 BIGGEST Hits|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref> Aamir's ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' (2016) created the [[Bollywood 1000 Crore Club]], owing to its overseas success in [[Greater China|Chinese markets]], and eventually created the [[1000 Crore Club|2000 Crore Club]], becoming the highest-grossing Indian film ever (worldwide and [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|overseas]]), and one of the [[List of highest-grossing films in China|highest-grossing films in China]] and India, with his earnings from the film estimated to be {{INRConvert|300|c|year=2017|mode=historical}},<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dangals-china-success-may-have-brought-aamir-khan-a-neat-rs-100-crore-paycheque-3526673.html Dangal's China success may have brought Aamir Khan a neat Rs 100 crore paycheque], [[Firstpost]], 7 June 2017</ref> the [[List of highest paid film actors|highest payday]] for a non-Hollywood actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/06/06/aamir-khans-china-paycheck-for-dangal-could-exceed-rs-100-crore-15-mm/|title=Aamir Khan's China Paycheck For 'Dangal' Could Exceed Rs. 100 Crore / $15 MM|first=Rob|last=Cain|website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref> In 2014, Shah Rukh was the richest non-Hollywood actor and the richest actor in highest-paid the world, with an estimated [[net worth]] of US$290 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shah-Rukh-Khan-second-richest-actor-10-richest-actors/articleshow/35431720.cms|title=Shah Rukh Khan second richest actor in the world - Times of India ►|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 July 2018 |last1=Sinha |first1=Kounteya }}</ref> On the 2016 ''[[Forbes]]'' list of the 10 actors in the world, Salman ranked sixth, with total earnings of US$33.5 million for the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45mmei/7-salman-khan/ |title=Salman Khan - In Photos: The World's Highest-Paid Actors 2015 |work=Forbes |date=1 January 1970 |access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref> On 2017's <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/599b0ba431358e60d7768f66/the-worlds-highest-paid-a/|title=The World's Highest-Paid Actors 2017|website=Forbes}}</ref> and 2018's <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/5b7b16ada7ea43757f2cb680/the-worlds-highest-paid-a/|title=9. Salman Khan|website=Forbes}}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' list of the ten highest-paid actors in the world, Salman Khan ranked ninth both years, earning $37 million and $38.5 million in 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Salman-Khan |title=Salman Khan | Family, Movies, Net Worth, Court Cases, & Philanthropic Work | Britannica }}</ref>

In addition to the three Khans, there have been other Khans in Bollywood. The most famous Khan prior to them was [[Dilip Kumar]], whose real name is Muhammad Yusuf Khan, for which he has been referred to as the "First Khan" of Bollywood. Kumar was the biggest Indian star of the 1950s and 1960s,<ref name="thecinemaholic.com">{{Cite web|last=An|first=Gautam|date=3 January 2019|title=Here's the Full List of Best and Greatest Bollywood Actors of All Time|url=https://thecinemaholic.com/best-greatest-bollywood-actors-of-all-time/|access-date=27 September 2021|website=The Cinemaholic|language=en-US}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bond |first=Ruskin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBrpDAAAQBAJ&dq=dilip+kumar+biggest+star+of+the+era&pg=PT106 |title=Whispers in the Dark: A Book of Spooks |date=2016-09-20 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-86057-96-9 |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |title=Remembering Dilip Kumar: The most iconic films of the megastar of Bollywood - Entertainment News |url=https://www.wionews.com/photos/rise-of-indias-first-super-star-dilip-kumar-from-mughal-e-azam-to-karma-386/amp |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=www.wionews.com}}</ref> a [[Matinée idol|matinee idol]] and the country's highest paid actor of the period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Menon |first=Nikhil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxhdEAAAQBAJ&dq=dilip+kumar+matinee+idol+and+country%27s+highest+paid+actor&pg=PA153 |title=Planning Democracy |date=2022-03-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-51733-8 |language=en}}</ref> His 1960 film ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' was the first Indian film with an adjusted gross over [[Bollywood 1000 Crore Club|{{INR}}2000 crore]], making it the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Highest-grossing films by year|highest-grossing Indian film]] for over six decades.<ref name="gold" /><ref name="gold3"/> The term "fourth Khan" is used to refer to [[Saif Ali Khan]].

==Three Khans==
===Salman Khan===
{{Main|Salman Khan}}
[[File:Salmanrampwalk.png|150px|thumbnail|right|[[Salman Khan]] ramp walking in 2009.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite web |date=28 August 2012 |title=SALMAN KHAN: Hail Bollywood's new king |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/SALMAN-KHAN-Hail-Bollywood-s-new-king/Article1-920785.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826151520/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/SALMAN-KHAN-Hail-Bollywood-s-new-king/Article1-920785.aspx |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=17 January 2013 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He has been the most domestically successful Indian actor.<ref name="Groves">{{cite news |last1=Groves |first1=Don |date=27 June 2017 |title='Tubelight' May Be A Setback But Salman Khan's Star Power Is Undimmed |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dongroves/2017/06/27/tubelight-may-be-a-setback-but-salman-khans-star-power-is-undimmed/}}</ref>]]
Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan (born 27 December 1965), better known as Salman Khan (pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu|[səlˈmaːn xaːn]]];) is one of the biggest and among the most economically viable actors of India. In the 2010s, every movie he acted in as the main lead commanded over 100 crores. Referred to in the media as "The Tiger of Bollywood", he is popularly called "Bhai"/"Bhaijaan" by his fans. He has a significant following in Asia. He is cited in the media as one of the most popular, influential and commercially successful actors of [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]].

Khan began his acting career with a supporting role in ''[[Biwi Ho To Aisi]]'' (1988) and achieved a breakthrough with a leading role in his next release — [[Sooraj Barjatya]]'s romance ''[[Maine Pyar Kiya]]'' (1989). Khan went on to establish himself in Bollywood in the 1990s with roles in several top-grossing productions, including the romantic drama ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' (1994), the action thriller ''[[Karan Arjun]]'' (1995), the comedy ''[[Biwi No.1]]'' (1999), and the family drama ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain]]'' (1999). For his role in [[Karan Johar]]'s romantic drama ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), Khan was awarded the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. He later starred in the critically acclaimed movie ''[[Tere Naam]]'' (2003). After a brief period of decline in the 2000s, Khan achieved greater stardom in the 2010s by playing the lead role in several successful action films, including ''[[Dabangg]]'' (2010), ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]'' (2011), ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012), ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' (2014), ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' (2015), ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'' (2016), and ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017). By 2012, ten of the films he had starred in had accumulated gross earnings of over ₹1 billion (US$18.71 million), and he has starred in the highest-grossing Bollywood films of nine separate years which is a [[Bollywood]] record. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honored him with the 2008 [[Rajiv Gandhi]] Award for Outstanding Achievement in Entertainment. In 2018, Salman Khan was ranked seventh in [[Forbes]]'s first global list of the highest-paid actor in the world with US$37.7 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Khan |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/salman-khan/#:~:text=Salman%20Khan's%20Earnings:%20$37%20Million,the%20world's%20highest-earning%20entertainers. |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

===Shah Rukh Khan===
{{Main|Shah Rukh Khan}}
[[File:Shahrukh interacts with media after KKR's maiden IPL title.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Shah Rukh Khan]] in 2012. One of the richest actors globally, he is often considered as the biggest movie star in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Rani|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranisingh/2015/12/26/shah-rukh-khan-the-biggest-movie-star-in-the-world/?sh=63d1e64c567b|title=Shah Rukh Khan - The Biggest Movie Star In The World.|date=26 December 2015|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>]]
Shah Rukh Khan (born Shahrukh Khan, 2 November 1965), popularly called as SRK, is sometimes referred to in the media as the "King of Bollywood" and "King Khan".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2012/12/68379/bollywood-demigod-khan-casts-spell-on-moroccans/|title=Bollywood 'Demigod' Khan Casts Spell on Moroccans|date=3 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shah-rukh-khan-as-popular-as-pope-german-media-1150157|title=Shah Rukh Khan as popular as Pope: German media|date=10 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranisingh/2015/12/26/shah-rukh-khan-the-biggest-movie-star-in-the-world/#2e7fa2f6567b|title=Shah Rukh Khan - The Biggest Movie Star In The World.|first=Rani|last=Singh|website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2016/04/16/dont-worry-heres-proof-that-srk-is-still-absolutely-the-worlds-biggest-movie-star/#787f99fb34e3|title=Don't Worry, Here's Proof That Shah Rukh Khan Is Still The World's Biggest Movie Star|first=Rob|last=Cain|website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/04/30/worlds-biggest-movie-star-gives-a-ted-talk-in-vancouver-but-no-one-knows-who-he-is-6606988/|title=World's biggest movie star gives TED talk but no one knows who he is|date=30 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realclearlife.com/television/shah-rukh-khan-worlds-biggest-movie-star/|title=Meet Shah Rukh Khan, the World's Biggest Movie Star You've Never Heard Of|date=4 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al.com/news/huntsville/index.ssf/2018/05/indian_movie_megastar_shah_ruk.html|title=Indian movie megastar Shah Rukh Khan filming in Alabama|date=11 May 2018}}</ref> He has appeared in several successful romantic films including ''[[Darr]]'', ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'', ''[[Dil to Pagal Hai]]'', ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' and ''[[Veer Zaara]]'' among others. He is also a recipient of eight [[Filmfare Awards]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (tied with the legendary [[Dilip Kumar]]) and won a total of 14 Filmfare Awards. He has appeared in more than 80 films. Described by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' as perhaps "The World's Biggest Movie Star", Khan has a huge fan following in Asia and the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]] worldwide with a significant following in Europe as well. He is one of the richest actors in the world, with an estimated net worth of {{US$|link=yes}}770 million, and his work in Bollywood has earned him [[List of awards and nominations received by Shah Rukh Khan|numerous accolades]].

Khan started his career with appearances in many television series in the late 1980s. He made his film debut in 1992 with ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]''. Early in his career, Khan was recognised for portraying villainous roles in the films ''[[Baazigar]]'' (1993), ''[[Darr]]'' (1993), and ''[[Anjaam]]'' (1994). He then rose to prominence after starring in a series of romantic films, including ''[[Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa]]'' (1993), ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995), ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997), ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998) and ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]'' (2001), among others. Khan garnered critical acclaim for his portrayals of an alcoholic in ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002), a terminally ill patient in ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003), a NASA scientist in ''[[Swades]]'' (2004), an incarcerated ex-pilot in ''[[Veer Zaara]]'' (2004), a wanted criminal in [[Don (2006 Hindi film)|''Don'']] (2006) and ''[[Don 2]]'' (2012), a hockey coach in ''[[Chak De! India]]'' (2007), a man with [[Asperger syndrome]] in ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'' (2010), an Army officer in ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'' (2012), a film star and his fan in ''[[Fan (2016 film)|Fan]]'' (2016) and a gangster in ''[[Raees (2017 film)|Raees]]'' (2017), among other roles. After a break of four years, Khan starred in action thrillers ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023) and ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]'' (2023), which broke numerous box office records, and ranks among the highest grossing Indian films of all time. Khan thus became the first Indian actor to deliver two films that earned over ₹10 billion.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Many of his films display themes of Indian national identity and connections with diaspora communities, or gender, racial, social and religious differences and grievances. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honored him with the [[Padma Shri]], and the Government of France awarded him both the [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] and the [[Legion of Honour|Légion d'honneur]]. Additionally, he has been awarded four honorary doctorates.

===Aamir Khan===
{{Main|Aamir Khan}}

[[File:AamirKhan.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Aamir Khan]] at an event in 2008. He has been the most internationally successful Indian actor since the late 2000s.<ref name="movie-star" />]]
Mohammed Aamir Hussain Khan (born 14 March 1965), better known as Aamir Khan, is one of the biggest and most commercially successful superstars of India.<ref name="koimoi.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/aamir-khan-is-the-worlds-biggest-superstar-says-a-trade-analyst/|title=Aamir Khan Is The Worlds Biggest Superstar Says A Trade Analyst!|date=29 March 2018}}</ref> He has a reputation of doing fewer movies but with great attention to detail, including content and quality. In the media, he is often referred to as "Mr. Perfectionist" for his dedication to his work.<ref>{{cite news|title=People call Aamir Khan Mr Perfectionist, but I call him Mr Passionate: Secret Superstar Zaira Wasim|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/people-call-aamir-khan-mr-perfectionist-but-i-call-him-mr-passionate-secret-superstar-zaira-wasim/story-T8zwX5tCIYpOYzJY8kefoI.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=29 October 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/21-things-you-probably-didn-t-know-about-bollywood-s-mr-perfectionist-aamir-khan-251953.html|title=21 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Bollywood's 'Mr. Perfectionist' Aamir Khan|work=indiatimes.com|access-date=22 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> Through his successful career in [[Bollywood|Hindi films]], Khan has established himself as one of the most popular and influential actors of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/17sd11.htm|title=Readers' Picks: Top Bollywood Actors|date=17 August 2006|publisher=Rediff|access-date=26 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/08sld11.htm|title=Powerlist: Top Bollywood Actors|date=8 August 2006|publisher=Rediff|access-date=26 January 2010}}</ref> In addition to being highly popular in India, he is also highly popular overseas, particularly in [[China]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dangal-wins-china-why-aamir-is-truly-the-alpha-khan-of-bollywood-1717537|title=Dangal Wins China: Why Aamir Is Truly The Alpha Khan Of Bollywood | first = Gitanjali | last = Roy | date = 2017-07-27 | work = NDTV | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171010045742/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dangal-wins-china-why-aamir-is-truly-the-alpha-khan-of-bollywood-1717537 | archive-date = 2017-10-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/06/11/how-to-become-a-foreign-movie-star-in-china-aamir-khans-5-point-formula-for-success/|title=How To Become A Foreign Movie Star In China: Aamir Khan's 5-Point Formula For Success|first=Rob|last=Cain|website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref> the second largest movie market.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://reuters.com/article/india-bollywood-aamir-khan-dangal-interv-idUKKBN18R0RQ|title=Q&A: Aamir Khan on what it takes to crack China's box office|first=Shilpa|last=Jamkhandikar|newspaper=Reuters|date=31 May 2017}}</ref> He is "arguably the world's biggest [[movie star]]" according to Rob Cain,<ref name="movie-star">{{cite web|last1=Cain|first1=Rob|title=Why Aamir Khan Is Arguably The World's Biggest Movie Star, Part 2|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/10/05/heres-why-aamir-khan-is-arguably-the-worlds-biggest-movie-star-part-2/|website=[[Forbes]]|date=5 October 2017}}</ref> due to his immense popularity in the world's two [[List of countries and dependencies by population|most populous nations]], India and China.<ref name="movie-star" />

He is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Aamir Khan|numerous awards]], including four [[National Film Awards]] and seven [[Filmfare Awards]], as well as an [[Academy Award]] nomination. He was honoured by the [[Government of India]] with the [[Padma Shri]] in 2003 and the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2010.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

Khan first appeared on screen as a child actor in his uncle [[Nasir Hussain]]'s film ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'' (1973), the first Bollywood [[masala film]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cain|first1=Rob|title=Aamir Khan's 'Secret Superstar' Could Be India's Next ₹1,000 Crore/$152M Box Office Hit|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/10/03/aamir-khans-secret-superstar-could-be-indias-next-₹1000-crore160m-box-office-hit/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003075022/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/10/03/aamir-khans-secret-superstar-could-be-indias-next-%E2%82%B91000-crore160m-box-office-hit/|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 October 2017|website=[[Forbes]]|date=3 October 2017}}</ref> His first feature film role came with the [[experimental film]] ''[[Holi (1984 film)|Holi]]'' (1984), and he began a full-time acting career with a leading role in the highly successful tragic romance ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'' (1988). ''Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak'' was a milestone in the history of [[Hindi cinema]], setting the tone for Bollywood musical romance films that defined Hindi cinema in the 1990s.<ref name="Ray">{{cite news|last=Ray|first=Kunal|title=Romancing the 1980s|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Romancing-the-1980s/article16898867.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 December 2016|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Chintamani">{{cite book|last=Chintamani|first=Gautam|title=Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak: The Film That Revived Hindi Cinema|date=2016|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=9789352640980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZYOvgAACAAJ}}</ref> His performance in the film and in the thriller ''[[Raakh]]'' (1989) earned him a [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]] at the National Film Award ceremony. He established himself as a leading actor of Hindi cinema in the 1990s by appearing in several commercially successful films, including the romantic drama ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'' (1990), the romance ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' (1996), for which he won his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]], and the drama ''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]'' (1999).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/nov/30aamir.htm|title=I become the audience|publisher=Press Trust India|date=30 November 2000|work=[[Rediff]]|access-date=26 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/clsActorDisplay.asp?actor=Aamir+Khan&layout=filmography|title=The Aamir Khan Station|publisher=IBOS Network|access-date=16 January 2009|archive-date=5 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205222240/http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/clsActorDisplay.asp?actor=Aamir+Khan&layout=filmography|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was also recognized for his unconventional role in the critically acclaimed [[Cinema of Canada|Canadian]]-Indian film ''[[Earth (1998 film)|Earth]]'' (1998).

In 2001, Khan started a production company, whose first release, ''[[Lagaan]]'', was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] and earned him a [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|National Film Award for Best Popular Film]] and two more Filmfare Awards (Best Actor and [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]). After a four-year absence from the screen, Khan continued to portray leading roles, most notably in the 2006 box-office hits ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' and ''[[Rang De Basanti]]''. The following year, he made his directorial debut with ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'', a major success that garnered him the Filmfare Awards for Best Film and [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]. Khan's greatest commercial successes came with the thriller ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'' (2008), the comedy-drama ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009), the adventure film ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (2013), the satire ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014) and wrestling-drama ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' (2016) all of which held records for being the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film of all time]].<ref name="pk">{{cite news|title='PK' highest grosser ever: Aamir Khan to enter Rs 300 crore club|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-pk-highest-grosser-ever-aamir-khan-to-enter-rs-300-crore-club-2049501|access-date=5 January 2015|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=4 January 2015}}</ref>

==Other Khans==
{{See also|Khan (surname)|Salim Khan family|List of Hindi film families}}

===Dilip Kumar (Muhammad Yusuf Khan) ===
{{Main|Dilip Kumar}}

[[Dilip Kumar]], whose real name is Muhammad Yusuf Khan,<ref>Tanuja Chandra (3 March 2004)[http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/bollywood/celebcolumns/fullstory.php?id=13418077 Dilip Kumar: Silent Revolutionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040428030606/http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/bollywood/celebcolumns/fullstory.php?id=13418077 |date=28 April 2004 }} Sify Movies. Retrieved on 30 March 2009.</ref> has been retrospectively referred to as the "First Khan" of Bollywood.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dilip-kumar-happy-birthday-turns-94-a-look-at-his-journey-india-first-method-actor-4420625/|title=Happy Birthday Dilip Kumar: As Dilip Kumar turns 94, a look at his titanic reputation as India's finest method actor|date=11 December 2016}}</ref> He debuted in the 1940s, and became the biggest Indian [[movie star]] of the 1950s and 1960s.<ref name="dawn.com">{{Cite web |title=IN MEMORIAM: THE LEGEND OF DILIP KUMAR |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1635769 |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=DAWN.COM |date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="thecinemaholic.com"/><ref name="indianexpress"/> He is credited with bringing realism to film acting in the [[Indian subcontinent]], and is considered one of the greatest and most influential actors of all time. He has been described as "the ultimate [[method actor]]" (natural actor) by [[Satyajit Ray]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Unmatched innings|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/magazine/article597902.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208164035/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/magazine/article597902.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 February 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 January 2012|access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> Kumar was a pioneer of method acting, predating [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] method actors such as [[Marlon Brando]]. Kumar inspired future generations of Indian actors, from [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Naseeruddin Shah]] to [[Shah Rukh Khan]] to [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]].<ref>[https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2015/12/11/before-brando-there-was-dilip-kumar Before Brando, There Was Dilip Kumar], The Quint, 11 December 2015</ref> In the 1950s, Dilip Kumar became the first actor to charge {{INRConvert|1|l|year=1953|lk=l}} per film.<ref>{{cite news|title=B-Town rewind: The tale of the first Bollywood crore|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=16 March 2014}}</ref>

Kumar is known for his roles in films such as the romantic ''[[Andaz (1949 film)|Andaz]]'' (1949), the swashbuckling ''[[Aan]]'' (1952), the dramatic ''[[Devdas (1955 film)|Devdas]]'' (1955), the comical ''[[Azaad (1955 film)|Azaad]]'' (1955) and ''[[Ram Aur Shyam]]'' (1967), the historical ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960), and the social ''[[Ganga Jamuna]]'' (1961). His biggest commercial success was portraying [[Prince Salim]] in [[K. Asif]]'s big-budget epic [[historical film]] ''Mughal-e-Azam'', which was the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing film]] in Indian film history for 15 years until it was surpassed by 1975's ''[[Sholay]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Mughal-e-Azam-1960/article15939167.ece|title=Mughal-e-Azam (1960)|date=31 July 2009|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> If adjusted for inflation, ''Mughal-e-Azam'' is the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Highest-grossing films by year|highest-grossing Indian film]] for more than six decades, equivalent to over 2000 crores in 2020.<ref name="gold">[http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold/ Worth Their Weight In Gold] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915183938/http://boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold |date=15 September 2017 }}, ''[[Box Office India]]'', 1 November 2011</ref><ref name="gold3">[http://boxofficeindia.co.in/top-50-film-of-last-50-years/ Top 50 Film of Last 50 Years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104181418/http://boxofficeindia.co.in/top-50-film-of-last-50-years/ |date=4 November 2011 }}, ''[[Box Office India]]'', 3 November 2011</ref>

===Saif Ali Khan===
[[File:Saif Ali Khan snapped at Imperial Hotel, New Delhi 05.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Saif Ali Khan]] at [[New Delhi]], [[India]] in 2012]]
{{Main|Saif Ali Khan}}
Saif Ali Khan - referred to as the "Fourth Khan" - is also a [[film producer]], son of [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]], a former captain of the [[Indian national cricket team]], and actress [[Sharmila Tagore]].<ref name=sak>Deepa Gahlot (July 1998) [http://www.sabrang.com/cc/comold/august98/saif.htm ‘Religion played a major role in my upbringing’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606052619/http://www.sabrang.com/cc/comold/august98/saif.htm |date=6 June 2011 }} [[Sabrang Communications]]. Retrieved on 3 April 2009.</ref><ref>Subhash K Jha (21 August 2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20130509215025/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-21/news-interviews/27923991_1_saif-muslim-societies ''‘I went to a Muslim builder,' says Saif''] The Times of India. Retrieved on 30 March 2009.</ref> The 2004 romantic comedy ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' proved to be Khan's first success in which he played the sole male lead, earning him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], and starring roles in the drama ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'' and the romantic comedy ''[[Salaam Namaste]]'' (both 2005) established him as a leading actor in Bollywood.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190323115948/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/CEL-saif-ali-khan-doesnt-want-to-be-called-the-fourth-khan-3536103.html Saif Ali Khan doesn't want to be called the fourth Khan!], ''[[Daily Bhaskar]]'', 17 July 2012</ref> He went on to earn wide critical praise for his portrayal of an apprentice in the 2006 English film ''[[Being Cyrus]]'', a character based on [[William Shakespeare]]'s antagonist [[Iago]] in the 2006 crime film ''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]'' and a terrorist in the 2009 thriller ''[[Kurbaan (2009 film)|Kurbaan]]''. Khan's highest commercial success came with the 2008 thriller ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' and its 2013 [[Race 2|sequel]], the 2009 romance ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'', and the 2012 romantic comedy ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]''.

===Irrfan Khan===
[[File:Irrfan Khan May 2015.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Irrfan Khan]] in 2015]]
{{Main|Irrfan Khan}}
Irrfan Khan won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] at the [[60th National Film Awards|60th National Film Awards 2012]], for his performance in ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]''.<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press release |title=60th National Film Awards Announced |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf |publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India |access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref> Khan had won the 2014 [[Asian Film Award for Best Actor]], the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], three [[Filmfare Awards]], three [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]], an [[Independent Spirit Award]] nomination, and various international honours. He also hosted a television show and commercials. By 2015, he had appeared in more than 50 Indian films in Bollywood, and a number of international films, such as ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]'', ''[[New York, I Love You]]'', ''[[A Mighty Heart (film)|A Mighty Heart]]'', ''[[The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film)|The Amazing Spider-Man]]'', and ''[[Jurassic World]]'', with a featured role alongside [[Tom Hanks]] in the 2016 adaptation of [[Dan Brown]]'s novel ''[[Inferno (Brown novel)|Inferno]]''. In September 2015, he was appointed as the [[brand ambassador]] for "''Resurgent Rajasthan''", a campaign by the [[Government of Rajasthan|state government of Rajasthan]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Local-boy-Irrfan-in-Jaipur-as-a-face-of-Resurgent-Rajasthan/articleshow/48879463.cms|title=Local boy Irfan in Jaipur as a face of Resurgent Rajasthan|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 September 2015|access-date=28 October 2015}}</ref>

Irrfan Khan is sometimes also considered the "fourth Khan", along with Saif Ali Khan.<ref>{{cite news|title=I have no equation or relationship with Irrfan: Nawazuddin Siddiqui|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/230317/i-have-no-equation-or-relationship-with-irrfant-nawazuddin-siddiqui.html|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=23 March 2017}}</ref> By 2017, Irrfan Khan's films have grossed over {{US$|3.6 billion|link=yes}} at the worldwide box office, mostly from his work in international productions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Irrfan Khan Movie Box Office Results|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=irrfankhan.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|year=2017|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> His highest-grossing Hindi films are ''[[Hindi Medium]]'' (2017) and ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' (2013). He died of cancer on 29 April 2020 at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital in Mumbai.

===Actors===

==== Male actors ====
[[File:Feroz_Khan.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Feroz Khan (actor)|Feroz Khan]] at premiere of Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]
[[File:Fardeen Khan at Esha Deol's wedding at ISCKON temple 12.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Fardeen Khan at Esha Deol's wedding]]
*[[Adnan Khan]] - Indian actor
*[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] – also director
*[[Arbaaz Khan]] – Salman Khan's brother, also a director and producer
*[[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] – Nasir Khan's son and Dilip Kumar's nephew, also an [[Indian television]] actor
*[[Babil Khan]] – Irrfan Khan's son and actor
*[[Faisal Khan]] – Aamir Khan's brother
*[[Faraaz Khan]] – Yusuf Khan's son, Indian actor
*[[Fardeen Khan]] – Feroz Khan's son, Indian actor
*[[Feroz Khan (actor)|Feroz Khan]] – Fardeen Khan's father, also a [[film director]] and producer
*[[Ibrahim Ali Khan (actor)|Ibrahim Ali Khan]] – Actor, Saif Ali Khan Son
*[[Imran Khan (Bollywood actor)|Imran Khan]] – Aamir Khan's nephew
*[[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]] – Amjad Khan's father
*[[Kader Khan]] – Indian-Canadian film actor, comedian, script and dialogue writer, as well as director
*[[Mazhar Khan (actor, born 1955)|Mazhar Khan]] – Zeenat Amaan's Husband
*[[Mehboob Khan]] – best known as a director and producer, also writer
*[[Nasir Khan (actor)|Nasir Khan]] – Dilip Kumar's brother
*[[Nazir Ahmed Khan]] – director and producer in [[British India]] and then [[Pakistan]] after [[partition of India]], brother-in-law of filmmaker [[K. Asif]]
*[[Razak Khan|Razzak Khan]] - an Indian actor
*[[Riyaz Khan]] – predominantly South Indian actor
*[[Sahil Khan]] – an Indian actor
*[[Sajid Khan]] – Mehboob Khan's adopted son
*[[Sanjay Khan]] – Zayed Khan's father, also a director and producer
*[[Shadaab Khan]] – Amjad Khan's son
*[[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] – also a television actor
*[[Sohail Khan]] – Salman Khan's brother, also a director and producer
*[[Tariq Ali Khan|Tariq Khan]] – Aamir Khan's cousin, Nasir Hussain's nephew
*[[Yusuf Khan (actor)|Yusuf Khan]] - Faraaz Khan's father, also an Indian actor
*[[Zain Khan Durrani]] – also a model
*[[Zayed Khan]] – Sanjay Khan's son, also a producer
*[[Zuber K. Khan|Zuber Khan]] – also a television actor

==== Actresses ====
*[[Sharmila Tagore]] (Ayesha Sultana Khan) – actress, [[Model (person)|model]], [[Central Board of Film Certification]] chairperson, mother of Saif Ali Khan
*[[Farah Khan]] – best known as a dance [[choreographer]], director and producer
*[[Gauahar Khan]] – also a model
*[[Hina Khan]] – actress
*[[Jiah Khan]] – British-American actress who worked in Bollywood
*[[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] – Saif Ali Khan's wife, Karishma Kapoor's sister, part of [[Kapoor family]], daughter of actor [[Randhir Kapoor]] and actress [[Babita]]
*[[Krutika Desai Khan]] – actress working in film, television and theater
*[[Soha Ali Khan]] – Saif Ali Khan's sister, daughter of actress Sharmila Tagore
*[[Sana Khan]] – also a model and dancer
*[[Sara Ali Khan]] – Saif Ali Khan's daughter
*[[Zareen Khan]] – Bollywood actress who has also appeared in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi films]]

===Others===
*[[Alvira Khan Agnihotri]] – film producer and [[fashion design]]er, Salman Khan's sister and Salim Khan's daughter
*[[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] – director, screenwriter, cinematographer
*[[Mansoor Khan]] – director, producer, screenwriter, Nasir Hussain's son, Aamir Khan's cousin
*[[Nasir Hussain]] (Nasir Hussain Khan) – director, producer, screenwriter, Aamir Khan's uncle
*[[Nikhat Khan]] – film producer, Aamir Khan's sister
*[[Parvati Khan]] – [[Indo-Trinidadian]] singer and model who worked in Bollywood
*[[Salim Khan]] – Salman Khan's father, best known as a [[screenwriter]], as part of screenwriting duo [[Salim–Javed]] (along with [[Javed Akhtar]])
*[[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] – director, Farah Khan's brother
*[[Tahir Hussain]] (Tahir Hussain Khan) – director, producer, Aamir Khan's father

==See also==
*[[100 Crore Club]]
*[[1000 Crore Club]]
*[[Khan (surname)]]
*[[Shakib Khan]]
*[[List of highest-grossing Indian films]]
**[[List of highest-grossing films in India]]
*[[List of highest-grossing Indian films in the overseas markets]]
**[[List of highest-grossing films in China]]
*[[List of Hindi film families]]
**[[Salim Khan family]] (Salman's family)
**[[Kapoor family]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Salman Khan}}
{{Shah Rukh Khan}}
{{Aamir Khan}}
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|India}}

[[Category:Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Film and video terminology]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Aamir Khan]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Salman Khan]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Shah Rukh Khan]]

Raja Devi Bakhsh Singh

2026-01-03T18:14:05Z

TheronShifflett: new basic biography w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian Freedom Fighter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Raja Devi Bakhsh Singh
| title = [[Maharaja]]
| image = Raja devi Bakhsh Singh.jpg
| caption = Raja Devi Bakhsh Singh statue at Kranti Park (Gonda)
| predecessor = Raja Guman Singh
| birth_date = c. 1800s
| birth_place = Jigna village, [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1866|1800|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Nepal]]
| era name = [[Modern age|Modern]]
| era dates = 19th century
| father = Daljeet Singh (adoptive father)
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| dynasty = Bisen
}}
'''Raja Devi Bakhsh Singh'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=उपेक्षा से जूझ रही राजा देवी बख्श सिंह की निशानी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gonda-just-remember-the-sacrifice-sign-of-raja-devi-baksh-singh-who-is-suffering-from-neglect-22965710.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=Swadesh |date=2022-06-10 |title=सर कटने के बाद भी अंग्रेजों से लड़ता रहा चहलारी का वीर |url=https://www.swadeshnews.in/swadesh-vishesh/chahlari-ka-veer-821584 |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=www.swadeshnews.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Anil kumar |date=2021-05-18 |title=राजा देवी बक्श सिंह ने अपने जनपद की सीमाओं परकई बार अंग्रेजों की सेनाओं को सरयू नदी में अपनी तोपों से मारा |url=https://avadhkiaawaz.com/east-uttar-pradesh/gonda/raja-devi-baks/ |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Avadh Ki Aawaz |language=en-US |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203183416/https://avadhkiaawaz.com/east-uttar-pradesh/gonda/raja-devi-baks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ([[Hindi]]: राजा देवी बख्श सिंह, [[Urdu]]: راجا دیوی بخش سنگھ) was a British-era King from [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He was born in 19th century [[Anno Domini|AD]]. He featured in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and is represented as symbol of [[religious harmony in India]].

Born in ''Jigna'' village<ref>{{Cite web |title=जिगना की धरती पर जन्मे थे राजा देवीबक्श ¨सह |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gonda-born-on-the-land-of-jigna-king-devi-baksh-18463921.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> of [[Gonda district]]. He was 12th king of [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]] succeeded by 11th king ''Raja Guman Singh.'' His father name was Daljeet Singh.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== In Revolt ==
On 5 July 1857<ref>{{Cite web |title=बेगम की मदद करने लखनऊ पहुंचे थे गोंडा के राजा देवी बख्श सिंह |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/gonda/raja-devi-baksh-singh-of-gonda-had-reached-lucknow-to-help-the-begum-gonda-news-lko5912503197 |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-27 |title=जरा याद करो वो कहानी : वीरों की शौर्य गाथा को सलाम करता है गोंडा का क्रांति स्तम्भ, 1857 में महाराजा देवीबख्स सिंह ने लगाई थी क्रांति की आग |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/uttar-pradesh/kranti-stambh-of-gonda-in-uttar-pradesh-became-the-center-of-attraction-of-the-people-au137-1365610.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref> [[Begum Hazrat Mahal]] sent a letter to king Bakhsh singh during Avadh Revolution for help.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shreya |date=2020-12-11 |title=400 साल पहले इस राजा ने बसाया था गोंडा नगर, ऐसे खत्म हुआ 80 कोस का राज्य {{!}} News Track in Hindi |url=https://newstrack.com/uttar-pradesh/400-years-ago-gonda-city-was-established-by-raja-man-singh-728243.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=newstrack.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== Death ==
He moved to Devkhur, [[Nepal]] and later died in 1866 from [[Malaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gonda History of Gonda, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.brandbharat.com/english/up/districts/Gonda/history.html |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=www.brandbharat.com}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Raja Devi Bakhsh Singh Library ([[Hindi]]: राजा देवी बख्श सिंह स्मारक बाल पुस्तकालय) was founded on 25 May 1974 by [[Nagar Palika]] Gonda. This library is situated in front of Sagar Talab ([[pond]]) in Gonda.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

State Medical College is under construction in [[Gonda district]], it is named in Devi Bakhsh Singh's honour.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1857]]
[[Category:Military history of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:People from Gonda, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1866 deaths]]

Expedition to Kalinjar (1531)

2026-01-02T22:32:25Z

TheronShifflett: Bio

{{Short description|Military campaign in 1531}}
{{orphan|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Expendition to Kalinjar
| width = 320px
| partof =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| date = 1531 A.D.
| place = [[Kalinjar]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.9997|80.4852|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| map_type = India
| map_relief = Solid
| map_size = 300px
| map_marksize =
| map_caption = Location of Expendition of Kalinjar (1531)
| map_label = Expendition of Kalinjar
| map_mark = Big battle symbol.svg
| territory =
| result = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] victory<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpLlPyATQDAC |title=Islamic Culture |date=1996 |pages=70–72, 77 |language=en}}"During he time of Humayun, Raja Pratap Rudra of Kalinjar opposed him in the beginning and refused to accept his overlordship, but later on when he submitted to Humāyün and gave himpeshkash he was allowed to"</ref>
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[Orchha State|Bundela dynasty]]
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Humayun]]
| commander2 = Rudra Pratap Bundela (Prataprudra deo){{Surrender}}
| commander3 =
| units1 =
| units2 =
| units3 =
| strength1 = ~Unknown
| strength2 = ~Unknown
| strength3 =
| casualties1 = ~Unknown
| casualties2 = ~Unknown
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox =
}}
The '''Expedition of Kalinjar (1531)'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahajan |first=Vidya Dhar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3k9AAAAMAAJ |title=India Since 1526 |date=1967 |publisher=S. Chand |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mahajan |first1=Vidya Dhar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiFuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Muslim Rule in India |last2=Mahajan |first2=Savitri |date=1962 |publisher=S. Chand |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Attack on Kalinjar (1531)'''<ref name=":0" /> led by [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] Emperor [[Humayun]] was a crucial military campaign aimed at besieging the Kalinjar fort. At that time, the fort was under the rule of Rudra Pratap Singh Bundela of [[Bundelkhand]], also known as Prataprudra Deo of [[Kalinjar]]. [[Humayun]] managed to bring the raja under [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] suzerainty, transforming the fort into an advanced [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] military base and strategic stronghold in northern India. This conquest significantly bolstered Mughal control over the region and expanded their territorial influence.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=L. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18EKAQAAIAAJ |title=History of Medieval India (1000-1740 A.D.) |date=1989 |publisher=Konark Publishers |isbn=978-81-220-0042-9 |pages=289 |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
Within six months of ascending to the throne, [[Humayun]] took on the formidable task of besieging the fortress of [[Kalinjar]] in [[Bundelkhand]]. The ruler of the fortress was believed to have allegiances with the Afghans, prompting [[Humayun]]'s military action to secure the strategic stronghold.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Avasthy |first=Rama Shanker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tn45AQAAIAAJ |title=The Mughal Emperor Humayun |date=1967 |publisher=History Department, University of Allahabad |pages=90–91 |language=en}}</ref>

Raja Rudra Pratap Singh was a Bundela king of [[Kalinjar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Avasthy |first=Rama Shanker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tn45AQAAIAAJ&q=Pratap+rudra+orchha |title=The Mughal Emperor Humayun |date=1967 |publisher=History Department, University of Allahabad |language=en}}</ref><ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=187}}</ref> Rudra Pratap sought to expand his territory, prompting [[Humayun]] to take punitive action against him and lead an expedition. Upon reaching [[Kalinjar]], [[Humayun]] demanded the raja's surrender, but Rudra Pratap adamantly refused to comply.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=L. P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18EKAQAAIAAJ |title=History of Medieval India (1000-1740 A.D.) |date=1989 |publisher=Konark Publishers |isbn=978-81-220-0042-9 |pages=289 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynVDAAAAYAAJ |title=Journal of Indian History |date=1988 |publisher=Department of Modern Indian History |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref>

==The Siege==
[[Humayun]] advanced to [[Kalinjar]], initiating a prolonged siege that endured for several months. Amidst this campaign, news regarding the emergence of Mahmud Lodi caused confusion for [[Humayun]]. Despite the challenging circumstances, Humayun persisted with the siege. Though the Bundela ruler had a formidable reputation for bravery, he eventually surrendered Kalinjar to Humayun following a month-long siege.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&q=Humayun+Besieged+Kalinjar |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1066-9 |pages=51 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpLlPyATQDAC |title=Islamic Culture |date=1996 |pages=70–72, 77 |language=en}}</ref> In exchange for accepting Humayun's suzerainty, he was permitted to retain control of the fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qanungo |first=Kalika Ranjan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ue9tAAAAMAAJ |title=Sher Shah and His Times |date=1965 |publisher=Orient Longmans |pages=123–125 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYocCgAAQBAJ&q=Humayun+defeated+rudra+pratap+of+kalinjar |title=Teacher Eligibility Test Social Studies (For Classes VI-VIII) |publisher=Upkar Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5013-213-5 |pages=91T |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rao |first1=B. S. L. Hanumantha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SRuAAAAMAAJ |title=Indian History and Culture |last2=Rao |first2=K. Basaveswara |date=1958 |publisher=Commercial Literature Company |pages=14 |language=en}}</ref>

==The Aftermath==
In 1531, [[Humayun]] strategically sought to gain the acceptance of the fragmented nobility by making a play for [[Kalinjar]]. In negotiations with the Raja Rudra Pratap, from the house of [[orchha state|Bundela]], an offer of 6,720 tolas of gold was presented in exchange for peace. Humayun agreed to the terms and, in doing so, assumed the title of Ghazi for his perceived act of 'subduing an infidel'. After taking the surrender of Raja, [[Humayun]] marched out to suppress Mahmud Lodi whom he defeated and subdued.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UgpDAAAAYAAJ |title=Proceedings |date=1972 |publisher=Indian History Congress |pages=392–393 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ratna |first=Kalpish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFndEAAAQBAJ&q=Humayun+Besieged+Kalinjar |title=Bahadur Shah of Gujarat: A King in Search of a Kingdom |date=12 December 2023 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-93-92099-95-3 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Siege of Kalinjar (1544)]]
* [[Siege of Kalinjar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{improve categories|date=August 2024}}

[[Category:1531]]

Amritsar–Khem Karan line

2025-12-27T11:42:37Z

TheronShifflett: stub!

{{Short description|Railway line in India}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name= Amritsar–Khem Karan line with Beas Branch line
| image=
| caption =
| system=
| status= Operational
| locale= [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| start= {{stnlnk|Amritsar Junction}}
| end= Khem Karan
| stations=
| open = 4 April 1910 (Main line) 2011 (Beas branch)
| close=
| owner= [[Indian Railways]]
| operator= [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| linelength= Main line {{convert|77|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Tarn Taran–Beas branch line {{convert|49|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracks =
| electrification = Yes
| gauge= {{RailGauge|1676mm}} [[Broad Gauge]]
| old_gauge=
| speed= 100 km/h
| elevation =
| map = {{Amritsar–Khem Karan line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Amritsar–Khem Karan line''' is a railway route on the [[Northern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]]. This route plays an important role in rail transportation in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state.

The corridor passes through the Plain Areas of Punjab and some portion are near the bank of the [[Beas River]] with a stretch of 77 km which connects {{stnlnk|Amritsar Junction}} situated on [[Ambala–Attari line]] and Khem Karan. It has a branch line that starts from {{stnlnk|Tarn Taran Junction}} and ends at {{stnlnk|Beas Junction}} with a stretch of 49 km.

==History==
The main {{convert|111|km|mi}} long railway line from {{stnlnk|Amritsar Junction}} to Khem Karan and Kasur via {{stnlnk|Tarn Taran Junction}} was originally built by Killick, Nixon and Company with under [[North Western State Railway|North Western State Railway Company]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] portion as {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] was constructed on different phases.

* The first phase {{convert|23.4|km|mi}}, from Amritsar Junction to Tarn Taran was opened on 21 September 1906.
* The second phase {{convert|19.8|km|mi}}, from Tarn Taran to Patti was opened on 30 December 1906.
* The third phase {{convert|33.8|km|mi}}, from Patti to Kasur was opened on 4 April 1910.
* The final phase {{convert|34|km|mi}}, from Khem Karan to Kasur was opened on 3 January 1911.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n118/mode/2up |title= Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 110|access-date=2016-02-16}}</ref>

After [[Partition of India]] in 1947, {{convert|34|km|mi}} The Khem Karan–Kasur link was totally dismantled<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/international-links.html|title=International links with India|publisher=IRFCA}}</ref> and the trains run till Khem Karan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/separated-by-partition-reunited-by-rail/story-oZYaK9rrXYul2c3zlmXnJO.html|title=Separated by Partition, reunited by rail|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3c058f544c737782deacefa532d9add4c/uploads/2018/03/2018032242.pdf|title=District Census Handbook Tarn Taran|publisher=Government of India}}</ref>

Whereas, the branch line between Tarn Taran Junction and Beas Junction which lies on [[Ambala–Attari line]] was opened on different phases.

* The first phase, between Beas Junction to Goindwal was opened on 18 December 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/35676924/?type=print|title=Manisha Sharma vs Union Of India And Ors. on 21 December, 2012|publisher=Indian Kanoon}}</ref>
* The second phase, between Tarn Taran Junction to Goindwal was approved on 1997<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jun28/head5.htm|title=Ludhiana rail link gets underway |publisher=Tribune India|access-date=2012-08-14}}</ref> and opened on 2000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110825/main7.htm|title= Duronto, finally, links Chandigarh to Amritsar |access-date=2011-08-25}}</ref>

==Electrification==
The electrification was started on 2019,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/mp-urges-goyal-to-initiate-work-on-patti-ferozepore-rail-line-795343|title=MP urges Goyal to initiate work on Patti-Ferozepore rail line|publisher=Tribune India}}</ref> As the Amritsar–Tarn Taran–Beas section<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/railways-releases-rs120-crore-for-track-electrification-595137|title=Railways releases Rs.120 crore for track electrification|publisher=Tribune India}}</ref> and the remaining section as Tarn Taran–Khem Karan section is going to be electrified.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/electrification-of-rly-tracks-in-the-pipeline-540428|title=Electrification of rly tracks in the pipeline|publisher=Tribune India}}</ref>

==Project==
Currently the Patti–Mallanwala Khas rail link was sanctioned on 2013 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/612176/1/114138.pdf|title=Questions and Answers in Lok sabha for railway projects|publisher=Government of India}}</ref> for another direct link between Amritsar and Firozpur and Rest of India via {{convert|1369|m|ft}} long Rail cum Road bridge on [[Sutlej River]] is under construction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patti-makhu-rail-link-hanging-fire-for-7-years/story-ar6L73s6YN9lzCMv2py6WM.html|title=Patti-Makhu rail link hanging fire for 7 years|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Gallery==

<gallery>
File:Khem Karan Railway Station, Punjab.jpg | Khem Karan Railway Station, Punjab
File:Khemkaran Railway Station.jpg| Khem Karan Railway Station
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amritsar-Khem Karan line}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Firozpur railway division]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]

Siddhivinayak metro station

2025-12-25T19:43:50Z

TheronShifflett:

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Aqua Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{white|Siddhivinayak}}
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|सिद्धिविनायक}}}}
| style = Mumbai Metro
| style2 = Aqua
| image = Siddhivinayak metro station.jpg
| image_upright = 1.3
| image_caption = Platform level of metro station
| address = SK Bole Rd, Prabhadevi, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400028
| coordinates = {{coord|19.0159590|N|72.8305616|E|format=dms|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|3|croute}}
| other =
| structure = Underground
| platform = 1 [[island platform]]
| owned = [[File:Logo of Mumbai Metro Line 3.png|12px|link=Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)]] Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.
| operator = {{rint|delhi|m}} [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=DMRC wins contract to operate Mumbai Metro's Line 3: Officials |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-transportation/dmrc-wins-contract-to-operate-mumbai-metros-line-3-officials/99462230 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=12 April 2023 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref>
| depth =
| connections =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2025|5|10|df=yes}}
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| accessible = {{URL|1=https://mmrcl.com/station/SIDV|2=Yes}}
| status = Staffed, Operational
| code = SIDV
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
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| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=3|left=Worli|right=Dadar}}
| route_map = {{Routemap
|inline=1
|legend=track
|map=
utSTR!~MFADEg\utSTR!~MFADEg ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dadar}}
numN300\utSTRg\utSTRf\~~ ~~ ~~
utdSTR\dPLT!~d*2__align=bl\utdSTR
utdSTR\dPLT!~d*1__align=br\utdSTR
cd!~utPSTR(L)\c!~dPLT\utPSTR(R)
utSTRg\utSTRf~~ ~~ ~~
utSTR!~MFADEf\utSTR!~MFADEf ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Mumbai Metro|Worli}}
}}
| map_state = expanded
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Aqua Line}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Siddhivinayak''' (also known as '''[[ICICI Lombard]] - Siddhivinayak''' for sponsorship reasons)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-15 |title=Mumbai Metro Line 3: Glimpses Of Siddhivinayak Metro Station Unveiled {{!}} See Pics |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mumbai/mumbai-metro-line-3-glimpses-of-siddhivinayak-metro-station-unveiled-see-pics-article-151431582 |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=Times Now News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-17 |title=Mumbai Metro Line 3 Update: First Look At Newly Revealed Siddhivinayak Station Near Temple |url=https://www.oneindia.com/mumbai/mumbai-metro-line-3-update-siddhivinayak-station-near-temple-now-open-to-public-4125151.html |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=One India}}</ref> is an underground metro station located in the [[Prabhadevi]] area,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-12 |title=Mumbai Metro 3: Do You Know? Siddhivinayak Metro Station Has 7 Entry-Exit Points For Seamless Access |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-metro-3-do-you-know-siddhivinayak-metro-station-has-7-entry-exit-points-for-seamless-access |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=Deserted Platforms, Low Footfall At Mumbai's Siddhivinayak Metro Station Days After Launch |url=https://www.news18.com/india/deserted-platforms-low-footfall-at-mumbais-siddhivinayak-metro-station-days-after-launch-ws-kl-9348669.html |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=News18}}</ref> on the North–South corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)|Aqua Line 3]] of the [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India. The station opened to the public on 10 May 2025,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-10 |title=Mumbai Metro 3 services from BKC to Worli begin |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/mumbai-metro-3-services-from-bkc-to-worli-begin/article69560376.ece |access-date=2025-05-24 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro-3 BKC-Worli: Aarey-Dadar In 32 Mins For Rs 50, Free WiFi, Borivli Link, Details Here |url=https://www.news18.com/india/mumbai-metro-line-3-from-bkc-to-worli-check-ticket-fare-travel-time-and-route-ws-l-9344895.html |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=News18}}</ref> under a naming rights agreement between [[ICICI Lombard]] and the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (MMRC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICICI Lombard acquires naming rights for Siddhivinayak metro station on Mumbai Metro Line 3 |url=https://www.expresshealthcare.in/news/icici-lombard-acquires-naming-rights-for-siddhivinayak-metro-station-on-mumbai-metro-line-3/449095/ |website=Express Healthcare |date=2025-05-13 |access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-20 |title=BKC to Worli in 15 minutes: Mumbai Metro-3’s phase two now operational |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bkc-to-worli-in-15-minutes-mumbai-metro-3-s-phase-two-now-operational-13035800.html |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

==Station Layout==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Ground level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=400 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|'''L1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Concourse
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Customer Service, Shops, Vending machine, ATMs
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=3 valign=top|'''L2 Platforms'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=85 height=45|'''Platform 2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=400|{{0|←}} Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|3|right}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Dadar}}) →
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="400" |← Towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|3|left}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Worli}})
|-
|}

==Entry/Exit==
*'''A1/A2/A3''' - [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Shree Siddhivinayak Mandir]], Sane Guruji Vidyalaya <ref name=map>{{cite web |title=Siddhivinayak Station Details |url=https://mmrcl.com/station/SIDV |website=MMRC |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref>
*'''A4''' - Shree Siddhivinayak Mandir, Kakasaheb Gadgil Marg<ref name=map/>
*'''A5''' - Ravindra Natya Mandir, Sayani Marg<ref name=map/>
*'''B1''' - Kakasaheb Gadgil Marg, Convent Girls High School<ref name=map/>
*'''B2''' - Rachna Sansad Academy, Appasaheb Marathe Marg<ref name=map/>

==See also==
*[[Mumbai]]
*[[Transport in Mumbai]]
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]
*[[Urban rail transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://mmrcl.com/en/ The official site of Mumbai Metro]
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}
{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 3=yes}}

[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2025]]
[[Category:2025 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Aundha Nagnath Temple

2025-12-24T18:32:40Z

TheronShifflett: starting!

{{Short description|Hindu Shiva temple in Aundha Nagnath, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| image = Aundha Nagnath Shiva Temple Jyotirlinga Maharashtra India.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.537087|77.041508|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
| locale = [[Aundha Nagnath]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| festivals= [[Mahashivratri]]
| architecture = [[Hemadpanthi]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| date_built =
| creator =
| website = www.aundhanagnath.in
}}
'''Aundha Nagnath Temple''' is an ancient [[Shiva]] temple located at [[Aundha Nagnath]] in the [[Hingoli district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India. It is considered to be the eighth of the twelve [[Jyotirlinga]] shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is a significant historical heritage site, representing a confluence of history, architecture, faith, and culture.

The temple's history is linked to various significant periods, from the [[Pandavas]] of the [[Mahabharata]] to the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadavas of Devagiri]] and later [[Ahilyabai Holkar]]. The legend of the temple rotating for the great saint [[Namdev]] further elevates its importance. Key features of the temple include its unique blend of Hemadpanti and Maratha architectural styles, a distinctive basement sanctum (garbhagriha), scenic surrounding hills, and a grand chariot festival during [[Mahashivratri]]. The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] has declared the temple a 'Protected Monument of National Importance'.

== Religious Significance and Identity ==
[[File:श्री नागेश्वर ज्योतिर्लिंग मंदिर.jpg|thumb|250px|Shri Nageshwar Jyotirlinga, Garbhagriha (Sanctum)]]

=== Position as a Jyotirlinga ===
According to the [[Shiva Purana]] and other religious texts, Aundha Nagnath is the '''eighth''' of the twelve Jyotirlingas. A Jyotirlinga represents the radiant, self-manifested pillar of light of Shiva. The name 'Nagnath' signifies Shiva as the Lord of Serpents. It is a strong belief among devotees that worshipping here provides relief from ''[[Kaal Sarp Dosh]]'' and other serpent-related afflictions.

=== Darukavana and Mythology ===
As per mythological beliefs, the ancient name of this region was '''Darukavana''' (a forest of deodar trees). A story in the [[Shiva Purana]] states that a demoness named Daruka performed penance in this forest and pleased Goddess [[Parvati]]. Misusing her boons, Daruka began to torment people, including a devout Shiva follower named Supriya. In response to Supriya's prayers, Lord Shiva appeared, vanquished the demon, and, at the request of his devotees, settled here permanently in the form of a Jyotirlinga named 'Nagnath'.
''(Note: This legend is also associated with the [[Nageshwar Jyotirlinga]] in [[Gujarat]], but in Maharashtra, Aundha Nagnath is revered as the Jyotirlinga of Darukavana.)''

=== Sant Namdev and the Temple's Legend ===
A famous event from the life of the great [[Varkari]] saint [[Namdev]] (c. 1270–1350 CE) is associated with this temple. It is said that when Sant Namdev was singing kirtans (devotional songs), the temple priests obstructed him and asked him to move to the back of the temple. In deep devotion, Namdev prayed to the Lord. Pleased with his devotion, the entire temple is said to have miraculously rotated, turning its entrance to face him.

The current layout of the temple, with the statue of [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]] at the back, is believed to corroborate this story. This event has made the temple a sacred pilgrimage site for the [[Varkari]] sect as well.

== Connection with Sikhism ==
Aundha Nagnath Temple holds a special place in [[Sikhism]] as well. This connection is primarily through Sant Namdev, 61 of whose hymns (shabads/bani) are included in the holy scripture of Sikhism, the '''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'''. Although a revered Varkari saint, Namdev is honored in Sikhism as a great 'Bhagat' (devotee).

The fifth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Arjan Dev]], while compiling the Guru Granth Sahib, included not only the teachings of Sikh Gurus but also the works of various Indian saints like Namdev, [[Kabir]], and [[Ravidas]], promoting the message of 'One God'. As Aundha Nagnath is an integral part of Sant Namdev's life, it has become a place of reverence in Sikh tradition.

It is also believed that the founder of Sikhism, [[Guru Nanak]], visited this sacred Jyotirlinga shrine during his travels in Southern India (known as 'udasis'). Consequently, many Sikhs consider this site to be sanctified by Guru Nanak's presence. Due to these historical and spiritual ties, Aundha Nagnath stands as a symbol of shared faith for both Hindus and Sikhs.

== History ==
=== Ancient Origins and Yadava Period ===
The temple's mythical origin is credited to the [[Pandavas]] from the [[Mahabharata]]. According to legend, [[Yudhishthira]] built the temple during their period of exile.

Historically, the original structure of the temple is dated to the 13th century, during the reign of the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadavas of Devagiri]]. It is a prime example of the '''[[Hemadpanti]]''' architectural style, developed by their minister Hemadri Pandit. This style is characterized by interlocking stones without the use of mortar.

=== Renovation by Ahilyabai Holkar ===
During the medieval period, the temple suffered significant damage due to invasions by the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. Later, in the 18th century, '''[[Ahilyabai Holkar]]''' (1725–1795), the ruler of the [[Holkar]] kingdom of [[Indore]], undertook the renovation of numerous Jyotirlinga shrines across India. It is widely believed that she also renovated the Aundha Nagnath temple.

This renovation likely included the reconstruction of the upper part of the temple and its shikhara (spire). The current spire exhibits a [[Maratha architecture|Maratha style]] of architecture, distinct from the original Hemadpanti base.

== Architecture ==
The temple's architecture is a blend of two distinct styles from different periods:
* '''Original Hemadpanti Structure:''' The base of the temple, including its outer walls and the sanctum, is from the Yadava period (13th century). This section features intricate carvings of deities, mythological scenes, elephants, and geometric designs.
* '''Maratha-era Reconstruction:''' The upper portion and the spire (shikhara) were rebuilt in a later period, likely the 18th century.
* '''Basement Sanctum (Garbhagriha):''' The most unique feature of the temple is its sanctum, which is located in a small chamber in the basement, accessible by a narrow flight of stairs. The Jyotirlinga is installed here.
* '''Position of Nandi:''' Due to the legend of Sant Namdev, the pavilion of Nandi (Shiva's bull) is located at the rear of the temple, which is an exception to the traditional layout.

== Festivals and Traditions ==
=== Mahashivratri and Chariot Festival ===
'''[[Mahashivratri]]''' is the largest festival celebrated at the temple. Lakhs of devotees gather to offer their prayers. The grand '''chariot festival (Rathotsav)''' held at night is the main attraction, where an idol of the Lord is carried in a procession on a decorated chariot amidst chants of "Har Har Mahadev".

=== Other Festivals ===
* '''Shravan Month:''' The entire month of [[Shraavana]], especially the Mondays, is a period of celebration. Thousands of devotees (Kavadiyas) undertake a pilgrimage on foot to offer holy water to the Jyotirlinga.
* '''Vijayadashami:''' A palanquin procession is organized on this day.

== See also ==
* [[Jyotirlinga]]
* [[Grishneshwar Temple]]
* [[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple]]
* [[Bhimashankar Temple]]
* [[Shri Vaijnath Temple]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.aundhanagnath.in/ Official Website of Aundha Nagnath Temple Trust]

{{Portal bar|India|Hinduism|Religion}}
[[Category:Jyotirlingas]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]

Ganoshotru

2025-12-21T11:27:40Z

TheronShifflett: New

{{AI-generated|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ganoshotru.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| genre = [[Crime thriller]]
| based_on = Real criminal cases from [[West Bengal]]
| director = [[Samik Roy Choudhury]] Modhura Palit Sayan Dasgupta Abhirup Ghosh Srimanta Sengupta
| starring = [[Paoli Dam]] [[Rudranil Ghosh]] Ayush Das Debopriyo Mukherjee [[Subrat Dutta|Subrata Dutta]]
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| num_episodes = 5
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired =
}}

'''''Ganoshotru''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Crime fiction|crime thriller]] [[Anthology series|anthology web series]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paoli Dam, Rudranil Ghosh to play criminals in ZEE5 true crime series ‘Ganoshotru’ |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/paoli-dam-rudranil-ghosh-to-play-criminals-in-upcoming-true-crime-series/cid/2128470 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref> The series presents five standalone stories based on real criminal cases from [[West Bengal]], exploring the circumstances that led ordinary individuals to commit crimes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Richa |date=2025-10-18 |title=ত্রৈলোক্য দেবীর ভূমিকায় পাওলি, হুব্বা শ্যামল রুদ্রনীল, নতুন থ্রিলারে আর কে, কোন চরিত্রে? |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/rudranil-ghosh-paoli-dam-and-subrata-dutta-in-new-bengali-thriller-series/200428421.cms |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref> It is directed by [[Samik Roy Choudhury]], Modhura Palit, Sayan Dasgupta, Abhirup Ghosh, and Srimanta Sengupta, and stars [[Paoli Dam]], [[Rudranil Ghosh]], Ayush Das, Debopriyo Mukherjee, and [[Subrat Dutta|Subrata Dutta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five directors helm upcoming Zee5 series |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/--five-directors-helm-upcoming-zee5-series--/2001193 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=t2online.in |language=en}}</ref> The series is scheduled to premiere on 31 October 2025 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-20 |title=সিরিয়াল কিলার পাওলি, গ্যাংস্টার রুদ্রনীল! বাংলার অন্ধকার জগতের অজানা সত্যি তুলে ধরবে 'গণশত্রু' |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/paoli-dam-rudranil-ghosh-and-others-actors-look-reveled-in-bengali-web-series-ganoshotru-entertainment-news-tollywood-1156504 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=ABP Ananda |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kundu |first=Kasturi |title=ZEE 5 Crime Series: গয়নার লোভে যৌনকর্মীর ছদ্মবেশে পাওলির নারীহত্যা, ZEE 5-এ আসছে শিহরণ জাগানো বাস্তবের গল্প 'গণশত্রু' |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/photos/zee-5-upcoming-crime-series-ganoshotru-character-first-look-reveals-10575651 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=bengali.indianexpress.com |language=bn}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Each episode dramatizes the rise and downfall of a figure drawn from Bengal's criminal history, weaving together factual details and creative storytelling. The narratives include portrayals of Troilokya Devi, considered one of India's first documented female serial killers; [[Hubba Shyamal]], a [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]-based gangster; [[Sajal Barui]], convicted of [[parricide]]; "Chainman", notoriously known for killing with bicycle chains; and Rashid Khan, linked to the [[1993 Bowbazar bombing|1993 Bowbazar blast]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-24 |title=অপরাধী জগতের বেতাজ বাদশাদের কাহিনি, আসছে 'গণশত্রু' |url=https://www.dainikstatesmannews.com/binodan/new-web-series-ganoshotru-will-releasing-soon-on-zee-5/147875 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Dainik Statesman |language=bn}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Paoli Dam]] as Troilokya Devi
* [[Rudranil Ghosh]] as Hubba Shyamal
* Ayush Das as Sajal Barui
* Debopriyo Mukherjee as The Chainman
* [[Subrat Dutta|Subrata Dutta]] as Rashid Khan

== Development ==
Each episode was helmed by a different director—[[Modhura Palit|Madhura Palit]] (''Troilokya Devi''), Sayan Dasgupta (''Rashid Khan''), [[Samik Roy Choudhury]] (''Sajal Barui''), Abhirup Ghosh (''The Chainman''), and Srimanta Sengupta (''Hubba Shyamal'').<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-20 |title=Trailer of Ganoshotru unveils Bengal’s darkest crime tales |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/trailer-of-ganoshotru-unveils-bengals-darkest-crime-tales/articleshow/124701427.cms |access-date=2025-10-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Release and marketing ==
The motion poster of ''Ganoshotru'' was released on 19 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-17 |title=একজন নয়, পাঁচজন পরিচালকের ছোঁয়ায় তৈরি ‘গণশত্রু’, বলবে কোন অজানা গল্প? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bangla/entertainment/samik-roy-chowdhury-and-5-directors-made-a-thriller-series-ganasotru-at-zee-5-271760699757697.html |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=bn}}</ref> The series is scheduled for release on 31 October 2025 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paoli Dam as India's First Female Serial Killer in ZEE5’s Intense Crime Series, 'Ganoshotru' |url=https://www.cineshutters.com/paoli-dam-as-indias-first-female-serial-killer-in-zee5s-intense-crime-series-ganoshotru |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Cine Shutters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ভূত চতুর্দশীর প্রাক্কালে অদ্ভুত অবতারে ভয় ধরাচ্ছেন পাওলি দাম! হঠাৎ হলটা কী? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/ganoshotru-a-crime-thriller-series-traiiler-and-first-look-out/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/ganoshotru/0-6-4z5841241 Ganoshotru]'' on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]

Jogalakasti

2025-12-15T09:31:41Z

TheronShifflett: adding basic article basic info - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

'''Jogalakasti''' is a village in the Mulbagal taluk of the [[Kolar district]] of [[Karnataka state|Karnataka]], India. As of the [[2011 Census of India]], it had a population of 872 across 168 households<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jogalakasti Village Population - Mulbagal - Kolar, Karnataka |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/622967-jogalakasti-karnataka.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Villages in Kolar district]]
{{Kolar-geo-stub}}

Star India v. Leo Burnett

2025-12-06T20:11:13Z

TheronShifflett: started new entry

{{Short description|2003 Court Case}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2016}}

The '''''Star India v. Leo Burnett''''' case was heard before the [[Bombay High Court]] in 2003. The case revolved around using the TV show ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' as a basis for a [[Tide (brand)|Tide detergent]] commercial and whether this violated [[copyright law]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Star, Balaji may sue P&G|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/star-balaji-may-sue-pg/articleshow/762929.cms|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== Facts of the case ==

[[Star India]] was the owner of the copyright in the serial Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu thi's theme and artistic work with which the title appeared on TV according to Clause 6 of the agreement between Star India and [[Balaji Telefilms]].
Producers and Marketers of Tide detergent (the defendants) came up with the advertisement for [[Procter & Gamble]] showing a scene resembling climax of the TV show and displaying the artistic work appearing on TV with the words "kyunki bahu bhi kabhi saas banegi"
Star alleged that people will think that Star licensed or produced the advertisement. Also, Star paid a sum of money to acquire the copyright and Tide was alleged to be trying to encash upon Star's goodwill.
Defendants alleged that they independently created the advertisement. Further, it was the idea that was used and ideas are not copyrightable. The commercial was submitted to Star who did not find it objectionable. No average person would make the connect between the show and the ad. Lastly they argued that even if it is a copy, it is not a substantial copy.
Star replied saying that it copied the heart of the TV show, i.e. the climax episode.<ref>{{cite web|title=Star India v. Leo Burnett|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1271015/}}</ref>

== Decision of Bombay High Court ==
High Court in this case stated that copy under Section 14 of the Copyright Act meant a physical copy. However, the plaintiffs in this case made a separate work. This was a material alteration as a completely different. The court looked at the similarities and dissimilarities between the show and the ad by comparing the entire show (87hours) with the 30 second advertisement. The work in question was held to be a "cinematographic film" under the Copyright Act. Any prudent person will not confuse between the two. Further, there was no scope for misrepresentation as the ad was aired on channels different from where Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu thi was aired so there was not effect of the ad on the show and the likelihood of damage was too remote.

As far as passing off action is concerned, the court held that there was no common field of activity. Further court held that "state of mind of the public" was necessary to see the goodwill of the characters in the TV soap. There was no material on record to show that people will associate the ad with the show.<ref>{{cite web|title=Star India v. Leo Burnett|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1271015/}}</ref>

== See also ==
* ''[[Procter & Gamble Co. v. OHIM]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:2003 in case law]]
[[Category:Copyright case law]]
[[Category:Indian case law]]
[[Category:Indian television commercials]]
[[Category:Procter & Gamble]]
[[Category:The Walt Disney Company]]

Punjabi New Zealanders

2025-11-10T08:36:44Z

TheronShifflett:

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Punjabi New Zealanders
| pop = '''34,227''' (2018) 0.73% of the population<ref name="census"/>
| popplace =
| langs = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]{{·}} [[Maori language|Maori]]{{·}} [[English language|English]]
| rels = 79.7% [[Sikhism in New Zealand|Sikhism]]{{note|1}} 5.2% [[Irreligion in New Zealand|No religion]] 4.6% [[Hinduism in New Zealand|Hinduism]] 3.9% [[Islam in New Zealand|Islam]] 3.3% [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christianity]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries/punjabi | title=2018 Census ethnic group summaries | Stats NZ }}</ref>
| related = [[Indian New Zealanders]]{{·}} [[Pakistani New Zealanders]]
| native_name = {{lang|pa|Panjābī Nīyūzīlaenḍar}}
| footnotes = {{note|1}} Include other religions
}}
{{Punjabis}}
'''Punjabi New Zealanders''' are New Zealanders who are of [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] descent. Their ancestry originates wholly or partially in the [[Punjab]] region of South Asia, constituting a subgroup of [[Indian New Zealanders]] and [[Pakistani New Zealanders]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/audio/commemorative-postage-stamp-released-in-new-zealand-to-mark-punjabi-language-week|title=Commemorative postage stamp released in New Zealand to mark Punjabi Language Week|work=SBS News|date=17 December 2021|accessdate=12 June 2022|first=M.P.|last=Singh}}</ref>

According to the [[2018 New Zealand census]], there were 34,227 Punjabi-speaking individuals in the country.<ref name="census">{{Cite web|date=30 April 2020|title=2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights (updated)|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights-updated|access-date=12 June 2022|website=[[Statistics New Zealand]]}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] was the second most commonly spoken South Asian language in New Zealand after [[Hindi]], and the [[Languages of New Zealand#Statistics|14th most common]] overall.<ref name="census"/>

New Zealand has a historical and growing [[Sikhism in New Zealand|Sikh community]], most of whom originate from Punjab.<ref name="teara">{{cite web |last1=Morris |first1=Paul |title=Diverse religions - Sikhs |url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diverse-religions/page-6 |website=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="T1"/> Punjabis were amongst the earliest immigrants from South Asia to arrive in New Zealand alongside the [[Gujaratis]], during what was then the [[British Raj]] in the 1890s,<ref name="T1">{{cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/indians/page-1|title=Indian communities|work=Teara|date=1 March 2015|accessdate=13 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/indians/page-2|title=Early immigration|work=Teara|date=1 March 2015|accessdate=13 June 2022}}</ref> and some of them married local [[Māori people|Māori]] women, whose offspring became known as [[Māori Indians]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mayhew |first1=W. R. |title=Tuapeka: The Land and Its People |date=1977 |publisher=Capper Press |location=Clutha District, New Zealand}}</ref>

== Notable Punjabi New Zealanders ==
* [[Kanwaljit Singh Bakshi]], National Party politician and former MP.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/mp-kanwaljit-bakshi-becomes-parliamentary-private-secretary-in-new-zealand|title=MP Kanwaljit Bakshi becomes Parliamentary Private Secretary in New Zealand|work=SBS News|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=12 June 2022|first=Manpreet K.|last=Singh}}</ref>
* [[Ashraf Choudhary]], Labour Party politician and former MP.<ref name="pildat">{{cite web|url=http://www.pildat.org/eventsdel.asp?detid=65|title=Patience and Persistence required for a stable democracy in Pakistan|date=25 December 2004|publisher=PILDAT|accessdate=7 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615031605/http://www.pildat.org/eventsdel.asp?detid=65|archivedate=15 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Billy Ibadulla]], a Punjabi Christian and former Test cricketer for Pakistan, who emigrated to New Zealand in 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.thenews.com.pk/blogs/2011/12/christian-sportsmen-who-represented-pakistan/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524200458/http://blogs.thenews.com.pk/blogs/2011/12/christian-sportsmen-who-represented-pakistan/|archivedate=24 May 2019|title=Christian Sportsmen who Represented Pakistan|publisher=The News Blog|date=28 December 2011}}</ref>
* [[Abraham Salaman]], a Punjabi Muslim merchant and herbalist who arrived in New Zealand in 1903.<ref name="DNZB Salaman">{{DNZB|Buckingham|Louise|4s1|Abraham Walley Mahomed Salaman|8 October 2016}}</ref>
* [[Amandeep Singh (cricketer)|Amandeep Singh]], first-class cricketer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/amandeep-singh-242594|title=Amandeep Singh|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=12 June 2022}}</ref>
* [[Bhupinder Singh (New Zealand cricketer)|Bhupinder Singh]], first-class cricketer.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/436406.html |title=Bhupinder Singh |access-date=3 June 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* [[Phomen Singh]], confectioner who arrived in New Zealand in c. 1890.<ref name="DNZB Singh">{{DNZB|title=Phomen Singh|first= W. H.|last= McLeod|id=3s20|accessdate=23 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[Ish Sodhi]], New Zealand Test cricketer.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/ish-sodhi-tries-his-hand-at-punjabi-commentary-for-icc-334240|title=Ish Sodhi tries his hand at Punjabi commentary for ICC|work=Tribune India|date=5 November 2021|accessdate=12 June 2022}}</ref>
* [[Sukhi Turner]], politician and former mayor of Dunedin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sukhi-turner-politician-by-choice-punjabi-at-heart-kiwi-by-nature-43031|title=Sukhi Turner: Politician by choice, Punjabi at heart, Kiwi by nature|date=18 February 2020|work=The Tribune|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>
* [[Jagt Singh]], Indian New Zealand WWI soldier.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagt Singh |url=https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C55327 |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Auckland War Memorial Museum |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Punjab|New Zealand}}
* [[Indian New Zealanders]]
* [[Pakistani New Zealanders]]
* [[Sikhism in New Zealand]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=McLeod |first=W. H. |title=Punjabis in New Zealand: A History of Punjabi Migration, 1890-1940 |publisher=Guru Nanak Dev University |year=1986}}

{{Punjabi diaspora}}
{{Ancestry of New Zealand people}}
{{Indian diaspora}}
{{Overseas Pakistani}}

[[Category:New Zealand people of Punjabi descent| ]]
[[Category:Punjabi diaspora by country|New Zealand]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Pakistani diaspora in New Zealand]]

Kamali (TV series)

2025-10-26T23:43:17Z

TheronShifflett: adding initial bio first draft - done

{{Short description|2018 Kannada Language TV Series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Pp|small=yes}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kamalizk.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| based_on =
| developer =
| writer =
| director = K.S. Ramji
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| judges =
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 1178
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| location = [[Karnataka]]
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|5|28}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2022|10|7}}
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| network = [[Zee Kannada]]
| related = ''Mutyala Muggu''
}}

'''''Kamali''''' is an Indian [[Kannada]] language television [[soap opera]] which premiered on 28 May 2018 and aired on [[Zee Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Watch new serial Kamali from May 28|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/watch-new-serial-kamali-from-may-28/articleshow/64175001.cms|access-date=2018-05-15|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The show stars [[Amulya Gowda]] and Niranjan BS in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kannada daily soap Kamali completes 1100 episodes - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-daily-soap-kamali-completes-1100-episodes/articleshow/92385019.cms|access-date=2022-06-22|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The show is an official remake of Telugu TV series ''Mutyala Muggu''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kannada daily soap Kamali completes two years - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-daily-soap-kamali-completes-two-years/articleshow/75801144.cms|access-date=2020-05-18|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
Kamali is finally reunited with her father and grandmother. As Kamali's bond with Rishi grows, so does the hatred of Anika and Tara. Kamali's love stands strong against their evil schemes.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kamali Spoiler: Rishi Confesses His Love Accidentally; Kamali To Lose Memory In The Accident!|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2019/kamali-spoiler-latest-episode-updates-kamali-to-lose-memory-in-the-accident-286587.html|access-date=2019-06-07|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Amulya Gowda]] as Kamali<ref>{{Cite news|title=Daily soap Kamali to entertain with 'Kamali Kalyanotsava' soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-kamali-to-entertain-with-kamali-kalyanotsava-soon/articleshow/84198395.cms|access-date=2021-07-07|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Niranjan BS as Rishi<ref>{{Cite news|title=Daily soap Kamali to go off-air soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-kamali-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/94356789.cms|access-date=2022-09-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Rachana Smith as Anika<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rachana Smith: I was subjected to hate on social media for my character in Kamali - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/rachana-smith-i-was-subjected-to-hate-on-social-media-for-my-character-in-kamali/articleshow/77738023.cms|access-date=2020-08-25|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

===Recurring===
* [[Padma Vasanthi]] as Annapoorna Mahajan
* Sanjay as Chandrakant
* [[Yamuna Srinidhi]] as Gauri/Saroja/Mangalamma<ref>{{Cite news|title=Actress Yamuna Srinidhi spends time with her children on the sets of Kamali - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actress-yamuna-srinidhi-spends-time-with-her-children-on-the-sets-of-kamali/articleshow/69427494.cms|access-date=2019-05-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Sapna Deekshith as Tara<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sapna Deekshith visits Dharmasthala temple after quitting daily soap 'Kamali' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sapna-deekshith-visits-dharmasthala-temple-after-quitting-daily-soap-kamali/articleshow/90372099.cms|access-date=2022-03-22|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Mico Manju as Ramesh
* Ankietha as Ningi
* Shilpa Iyer as Hasini
* [[Dheekshith Shetty]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dheekshith Shetty plays a cameo in a television serial - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dheekshith-shetty-plays-a-cameo-in-a-television-serial/articleshow/83259070.cms|access-date=2021-06-06|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Yashaswini Ravindra as Rachana
* Mithun Tejasvi<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mithun Tejasvi returns to daily soap Kamali after two years - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/mithun-tejasvi-returns-to-daily-soap-kamali-after-two-years/articleshow/93126552.cms|access-date=2022-07-26|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt10271066}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/kamali/0-6-tvshow_1811804670 ''Kamali''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

{{India-tv-stub}}

Gaurav Chatterji

2025-10-21T04:41:20Z

TheronShifflett:

{{Short description|Indian music composer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gaurav Chatterji
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[India]]
| other_names =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Composer|Music composer]]
| years_active = 2019–present
| known_for =
| spouse(s) =
| parents =
| website =
}}

'''Gaurav Chatterji''' is an Indian [[Composer|music composer]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gaurav Chatterji ecstatic about composing for Nawazuddin Siddique and Avneet Kaur's 'Tiku Weds Sheru' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/gaurav-chatterji-ecstatic-about-composing-for-nawazuddin-siddique-and-avneet-kaurs-tiku-weds-sheru/articleshow/91001063.cms |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=The Times of India |date=23 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Gaurav Chatterji on his Bollywood journey, Kolkata roots and latest Bengali single with Sona Mohapatra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/gaurav-chatterji-on-his-bollywood-journey-kolkata-roots-and-latest-bengali-single-with-sona-mohapatra/articleshow/90349153.cms |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=The Times of India |date=21 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is primarily recognized for composing music for films like [[Jai Mummy Di]], [[Ginny Weds Sunny]], [[Aafat-E-Ishq|Aafat-e-Ishq]] and [[Jalsa (2022 film)|Jalsa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-28 |title=म्यूजिक कंपोजर गौरव चटर्जी ने बताया, कैसे फिल्म 'जलसा' में 'थेहर' गाने को किया गया था तैयार |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-gaurav-chatterjee-told-how-the-song-thehar-was-prepared-in-jalsa-entpks-4158911.html |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gaurav Chatterji on his experience and challenges of composing music for 'Jalsa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/gaurav-chatterji-on-his-experience-and-challenges-of-composing-music-for-jalsa/articleshow/90272369.cms |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=The Times of India |date=16 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jalsa's music composer Gaurav Chatterji chats about working on the thriller and his upcoming projects |url=https://m.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2022/mar/25/jalsas-music-composer-gaurav-chatterji-chats-about-working-on-the-thriller-and-his-upcoming-project-39795.amp |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=indulgexpress}}</ref> The popular song ‘Kaise ab Kahein’ from [[Gutar Gu]] was composed by him.

== Career ==
In 2020, Chatterji made his debut with composing music for the film [[Jai Mummy Di]].
Same year, he composed for the film [[Ginny Weds Sunny]] and Happily Ever After.
In 2021, Chatterji composed for the film [[Aafat-E-Ishq|Aafat-e-Ishq]]. Hiren Kotwani of [[The Times of India|Times Of India]] in review of film, said: “Gaurav Chatterji's music is pleasing to the ears, especially the peppy Love Ka Bhoot reloaded”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aafat-E-Ishq Review: A good idea gone bad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/aafat-e-ishq/ottmoviereview/87272738.cms |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
In 2022, he composed for the film [[Jalsa (2022 film)|Jalsa]]. [[Anna M. M. Vetticad|Anna M.M. Vetticad]] of Firstpost in review of film, said: “Gaurav Chatterji's grim background score make every moment in Jalsa count”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=Jalsa movie review: Vidya Balan and Shefali Shah light up a story of class, happenstance and the human conscience |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jalsa-movie-review-vidya-balan-and-shefali-shah-light-up-a-story-of-class-happenstance-and-the-human-conscience-10469201.html/amp |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> [[Bollywood Hungama]] in its review of film, said: “Gaurav Chatterji's background score is very subtle and very impactful”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=Jalsa Movie Review: Despite fine performances, the length of JALSA diminishes the impact. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jalsa-2/critic-review/jalsa-2-movie-review/despite-fine-performances-the-length-of-jalsa-diminishes-the-impact/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> [[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]] in its review of the film said: “Apart from the gasps of those watching the film with you, it's the brilliant background score, by Gaurav Chatterji, that adds even more drama to the already captivating tale”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=Jalsa movie review: Vidya Balan, Shefali Shah's intense drama will keep you on the edge of your seat |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/reviews/jalsa-movie-review-vidya-balan-shefali-shahs-intense-drama-will-keep-you-on-the-edge-of-your-seat-review-90293442 |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref>
He was nominated for Upcoming Composer of the Year for [[Mirchi Music Awards]] for the song Phoonk Phoonk from the film [[Ginny Weds Sunny]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards |url=https://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2022/nominations-hindi-2022/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards}}</ref> He won the FOI online award for Best Background Score for ‘Jalsa’.

== Discography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Gaurav Chatterji film credits
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Director
! scope="col" |Notes
|-
|''2019''
|''Biskut''
|''Amish Srivastava''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
|''[[Ginny Weds Sunny]]''
|''Puneet Khanna''
|One song [[Netflix]] film
|-
|''[[Jai Mummy Di]]''
|Navjot Gulati
|One song
|-
|''Happily Even After''
|
|
|-
|2021
|[[Aafat-E-Ishq|''Aafat-e-Ishq'']]
|Indrajit Nattoji
|[[Zee5]] film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|[[Jalsa (2022 film)|''Jalsa'']]
|Suresh Triveni
|Two songs [[Amazon Prime Video]] film
|-
|''[[Dobaaraa]]''
|[[Anurag Kashyap]]
|Four songs
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[I Love You (2023 film)|I Love You]]''
|Nikhil
|One song [[JioCinema]] film
|-
|''[[Tiku Weds Sheru]]''
|Sai Kabir
|[[Amazon Prime Video]] film Three songs (One along with Sai Kabir)
|-
|''[[Mission Raniganj]]''
|[[Tinu Suresh Desai]]
|One song
|}

===Singles===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Singer
! scope="col" |Notes
|-
|''2019''
|Mon Ke Bojhai
|''[[Sona Mohapatra]]''
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm4279066}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatterji, Gaurav}}
[[Category:Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile (TV series)

2025-10-18T19:12:14Z

TheronShifflett: stub - done

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image =Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile (TV series).jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = Sohan Master
| based_on = 
| developer = Sohan Master
| screenplay = Namramita Banerjee
| story = Dhamini Kanwal Shetty

Ahsan Bakhsh '''Dialogues''' Yash Kumar Sharada
| director = Ajay Sharma Sukriti Das
| creative_director = Vaishakhi Banerjee
| starring = {{ubl|Diksha Dhami|Adhik Mehta|Zohaib Siddiqui|Vibhanshu Dixit [[Manisha Saxena]]}}
| theme_music_composer = Nishant Raja
| open_theme = ''Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile''
| composer = Dharmesh Mistri
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 126
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Sohan Master Vishal Bisen(Tony Singh)
| cinematography = Nidhin Balindra
| editor = Sanjay Singh Dhinesh Kumar
| camera = Multi-camera 
| runtime = 22-24 minutes
| company = Master Stroke Productions
| network = [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|02|19}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2024|07|13|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile''''' ({{translation|Even Having Met, We Did Not Meet}}) is an Indian drama television series which aired on [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]] from 19 February 2024. It was produced by Masterstoke Productions. It currently stars Diksha Dhami, Adhik Mehta and [[Manisha Saxena]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Anupamaa Actor Adhik Mehta To Play Lead In Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/anupamaa-actor-adhik-mehta-to-play-lead-in-milke-bhi-hum-na-mile-article-110292278 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> It formerly starred Zohaib Siddiqui<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-18 |title=Actor Zohaiib Asshraf Siddiqui is elated to see his first poster on hoardings after 14 long years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-zohaiib-asshraf-siddiqui-is-elated-to-see-his-first-poster-on-hoardings-after-14-long-years/articleshow/107799347.cms |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and [[Manisha Saxena]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2024-04-28 |title=Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile: Producer changes cast overnight, Watch to know the upcoming twist |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-milke-bhi-hum-na-mile-producer-changes-cast-overnight-watch-to-know-the-upcoming-twist-1683533 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Manisha Saxena to return to TV screens with 'Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile', after a year-long hiatus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/manisha-saxena-to-return-to-tv-screens-with-milke-bhi-hum-na-mile-after-a-year-long-hiatus-says-didnt-want-to-randomly-pick-up-any-character-which-goes-unnoticed-exclusive/articleshow/107665099.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Plot==
Reva was only six months old when her parents separated from her, leaving her in the care of a greedy couple who exploited her luck for financial gain. They planned to marry her off to an elderly man for his wealth, but Rajveer Chauhan intervened and rescued her. As Reva grows closer to Rajveer, she discovers that he is engaged to her sister Shruti, and her own feelings for him become more complicated.
Eventually Rajveer dies after getting shot leaving Reva and Shruti as widows.
===5 Year Later===
Reva is shown living as a widow eventually she marries Raghav Bhansingh.

==Cast==
===Main===
* Diksha Dhami as Reva Dikshit Bhansingh (formerly Chauhan): Mohan and Anu's younger / long lost daughter; Shruti's younger sister; Rajveer's widow; Raghav's wife (2024)
* Adhik Mehta<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Adhik Mehta Of 'Anupamaa' Fame To Play Lead In 'Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/television/adhik-mehta-of-anupamaa-fame-to-play-lead-in-milke-bhi-hum-na-mile |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> as Raghav Bhansingh: Reva's second husband(2024)
* [[Manisha Saxena]] as Shruti Dikshit Chauhan: Rajveer's widow; Mohan and Anu's elder daughter; Reva's elder sister (2024)
* Zohaib Siddiqui as Rajveer Chauhan: Shruti and Reva's husband; Deepak and Kashmira's brother (2024) (Dead)
* Vibhanshu Dixit as Manav

===Recurring===
*Vibhanshu Dixit as Manav
*Ruby Thuukral as Dadi
*[[Parul Chauhan]] as Kashmira Chauhan: Rajveer and Deepak's elder sister (2024)
*Anjali Gupta as Anu Dixit: Reva and Shruti's mother; Mohan's wife (2024)
*Rajiv Kumar as Mohan Dixit: Reva and Shruti's father; Anu's husband (2024)
*Toral Trivedi as Nandini
*Yeshu Diman as Parul
*Bindiya Kalra
*Mohit Arora<ref>{{Cite news |title=Actor Mohit Arora to return to television after 10 years, says "Was looking for an impactful role to return to the TV screens" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/v/s/timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-mohit-arora-to-return-to-television-after-10-years-says-was-looking-for-an-impactful-role-to-return-to-the-tv-screens/articleshow/107736238.cms?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17080679293673&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-mohit-arora-to-return-to-television-after-10-years-says-was-looking-for-an-impactful-role-to-return-to-the-tv-screens/articleshow/107736238.cms |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-16 |title=Mohit Arora on his 10 years acting sabbatical: 'Was looking for an impactful role to return' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/mohit-arora-on-his-10-years-acting-sabbatical-was-looking-for-an-impactful-role-to-return-1279201 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> as Deepak Chauhan: Rajveer and Kashmira's brother (2024)
*Love Singh<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-20 |title=Udaariyaan fame Love Singh to return to television after 7 months, says, "Was looking for an interesting opportunity"- Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/udaariyaan-fame-love-singh-to-return-to-television-after-7-months-says-was-looking-for-an-interesting-opportunity-exclusive/articleshow/107860472.cms |access-date=2024-02-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Pramod
* Neelakshi Naithani as Lata Bhansingh: Raghav's paternal aunt

==Production==
===Casting===
Manisha Saxena, Diksha Dhami, Vibhanshu Dixit and Zohaib Siddiqui were signed as the leads.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-16 |title=Mohit Arora on his 10 years acting sabbatical: 'Was looking for an impactful role to return' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/mohit-arora-on-his-10-years-acting-sabbatical-was-looking-for-an-impactful-role-to-return-1279201 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> The series also marks television comeback of Mohit Arora into television after 10 years.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Actor Mohit Arora to return to television after 10 years, says "Was looking for an impactful role to return to the TV screens" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/v/s/timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-mohit-arora-to-return-to-television-after-10-years-says-was-looking-for-an-impactful-role-to-return-to-the-tv-screens/articleshow/107736238.cms?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17080679293673&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-mohit-arora-to-return-to-television-after-10-years-says-was-looking-for-an-impactful-role-to-return-to-the-tv-screens/articleshow/107736238.cms |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=TV Newsmakers Today: Neha To Judge Superstar Singers 3; Palak Joins The Cast Of Dabangii Mulgii Aayi Re Aayi |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/tv-newsmakers-today-neha-kakkar-to-judge-superstar-singers-3-palak-purswani-joins-the-cast-of-dabangii-mulgii-aayi-re-aayi-article-107764074 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

Zohaib Siddiqui and Manisha Saxena quit the show in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-03 |title=It was my decision to leave Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile, says actor Zohaiib Asshraf Siddiqui |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/it-was-my-decision-to-leave-the-show-says-actor-zohaiib-asshraf-siddiqui-101714715052543.html |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> All cast changed After 5 Year Leap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2024-04-28 |title=Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile: Producer changes cast overnight, Watch to know the upcoming twist |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-milke-bhi-hum-na-mile-producer-changes-cast-overnight-watch-to-know-the-upcoming-twist-1683533 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Release===
The series was announced on [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]] by Masterstoke Productions. [[Manisha Saxena]], Diksha Dhami and Zohaib Siddiqui were signed as the leads.<ref name=":1" /> The first promo was released on 3 February 2024 featuring [[Manisha Saxena]], Diksha Dhami and Zohaib Siddiqui.<ref>{{Citation |title=Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile {{!}} New Show {{!}} Coming Soon {{!}} मिलके भी हम ना मिले {{!}} Promo {{!}} Dangal TV | date=3 February 2024 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cYORqfjS1M |access-date=2024-02-16 |language=en}}</ref> It replaced the television series ''Purnimaa.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Purnima serial to go-off air due to low TRP {{!}} Hot News |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-purnima-serial-to-go-off-air-due-to-low-trp-hot-news-1660586 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=ABP Live |date=30 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile
| type = Soundtrack
| artist =
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance (music)|Romance]] [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 3:43
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = Enterr10 Television Network
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Tracklisting
| total_length = 3:43
| title1 = Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile
| note1 =
| extra1 =
| length1 =
}}
==See also==
*[[List of programmes broadcast by Dangal TV]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb title|31325109}}
*[https://www.dangalplay.com/shows/milke-bhi-hum-na-mile ''Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile''] on ''Dangal Play''

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Dangal TV original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]