Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Virendra Pratap Shahi

2026-05-08T09:00:00Z

Theentrepreneur: new some details v1 - done

{{Short description|Indian gangster (1947–1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Virendra Pratap Shahi
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1947|08|15}}
| birth_place = [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1997|03|31|1947|08|15}}
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Politician
| known_for = Involvement in the gang war with [[Hari Shankar Tiwari]], Served as a Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|8th Vidhan Sabha and 9th Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh]]
| notable_works =
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = June 1981
| term_end = November 1989
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| constituency = [[Lakshmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur]]
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| spouse = Girjesh Shahi (m.1978)
| children = 2 sons Shakti Shahi Vivek Shahi (Both deceased) 2 daughters Deepti Shahi & Preeti Shahi (Merried) Gulsan Singh (Deceased), the elder brother-in-law of Virendra Shahi, had two sons, Varun Pratap Singh and Vaibhav Pratap Singh,
| death_cause = [[Assassination|Assassination by gunshot]]
| constituency1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor = [[Abdul Rauf Lari]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor = [[Amarmani Tripathi]]
| successor1 =
| image =
| other_party = [[Rashtriya Sanjay Manch]] [[Janata Dal]] [[Samajwadi Party]]
}}

'''Virendra Pratap Shahi''' (15 August 1947 – 31 March 1997) was an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Lakshmipur constituency in Maharajganj district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19841031-caste-to-influence-voting-patterns-in-coming-lok-sabha-elections-in-uttar-pradesh-803389-1984-10-30 |title=Caste to influence voting patterns in coming Lok Sabha elections in Uttar Pradesh |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=31 October 1984}}</ref> He served as the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Lakshmipur Assembly constituency]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==Career==
Shahi entered active politics in 1981 after winning a by-election from the Lakshmipur Assembly constituency as an independent candidate. He went on to serve as an MLA from June 1981 to March 1985 and again from March 1985 to November 1989.

He was regarded as an influential political figure in the Purvanchal region, known for his strong grassroots connect and organizational capabilities. During his political career, he developed a significant support base and played an active role in regional politics.

Shahi was initially associated with the Rashtriya Sanjay Manch and later joined the Janata Dal, reflecting his evolving political affiliations over time.
known for his involvement in the gang war between him and [[Hari Shankar Tiwari]], another gangster-turned-politician. The two warlords were involved in approximately 50 murders, and their gang war became a folklore in the [[Purvanchal]] region, earning it the [[sobriquet]] of [[Chicago]] of the East and Slice of [[Sicily]]. He was shot dead in 1997 by a gangster [[Prakash Shukla|Shri Prakash Shukla]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivastav |first1=Rajiv |title=Once upon a time in Gorakhpur... |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/once-upon-a-time-in-gorakhpur-/articleshow/11533376.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Timesofindianews">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rohit |title=सियासत में वीरेंद्र शाही की इंट्री और लग गई बाहुबलियों की लाइन- जानिए कैसे शुरू हुआ ये सिलसिला |url=https://www.amarujala.com/gorakhpur/bahubali-virendra-pratap-shahi-became-mla-in-gorakhpur-district-in-the-1980s-2024-03-31 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=31 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mafia dons from Uttar Pradesh alive on Facebook |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/050616/mafia-dons-from-uttar-pradesh-alive-on-facebook.html |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=5 June 2016}}</ref>

He was known for his manipulative skills and his ability to win government contracts and influence people. In 1981, he contested the assembly (by-poll) elected from the [[Lakshmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur assembly constituency]] of [[Maharajganj district]] as an Independent candidate and won the election against [[Amarmani Tripathi]], a close aide of [[Hari Shankar Tiwari]].<ref>{{cite news |title=गोरखपुर स्टेशन पर MLA रविंद्र सिंह की हत्या, जिसने पूर्वांचल की राजनीति का रक्तचरित्र ही बदल दिया |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur/harishankar-tiwari-and-virendra-shahi-enmity-mla-ravindra-singh-murder-student-politics-gangwar-full-story/articleshow/100298680.cms |newspaper=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=17 May 2023}}</ref>

The gang war between Shahi and Tiwari originated before [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] period. Tiwari was involved in student politics, while Shahi maintained close ties with Ram Kinkar Singh, a former MLA of [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti]]. He was living in Basti.<ref name="Timesofindianews"/>

==Death==
On 31 March 1997, Shahi was shot dead in Lucknow by Shri Prakash Shukla, a rising gangster seeking to establish dominance in the underworld. Following his death, clashes between Shahi’s associates and rival groups led to further violence and killings, during which his elder brother-in-law, Gulsan Singh, was also killed. .<ref name="Timesofindianews"/>

Virendra Pratap Shahi had over 63 pending criminal charges, including several for murder. Initially, he was a member of the [[Rashtriya Sanjay Manch]] before later joining the [[Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Srikanta Ghosh |author2=Law Research Institute, Calcutta |title=The Indian Mafia |date=1991 |publisher=Ashish Publishing House |isbn=9788170243786 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdahWw1GsrsC&dq=Virendra+Pratap+Shahi&pg=PA13}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahi, Virendra Pratap}}
[[Category:Indian gangsters]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian politicians assassinated in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:1990s in India]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:1947 births]]

Sonarpur Uttar Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T06:16:59Z

Theentrepreneur: new the data basic info - done

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly Constituency in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sonarpur Uttar
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Sonarpur Uttar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Sonarpur Uttar Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Debasish Dhar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
| constituency_no = 151
| established = 1962
| electors = 300,229
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Sonarpur Uttar Assembly constituency''' is a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|State]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[Delimitation of constituencies]] in the [[West Bengal]], Sonarpur Uttar Assembly constituency is composed of the following:<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 25 October 2010|work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>
* Ward Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 of [[Rajpur Sonarpur]] municipality
* Banhooghly-I, Banhooghly-II, Kamrabad, Kheyadaha-I and Kheyadaha-II gram panchayats of [[Sonarpur (community development block)|Sonarpur]] community development block

Sonarpur Uttar Assembly constituency is a part of No. 22 [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election!!Member!!colspan=2|Party Affiliation
|-
| colspan="4" align=center|'''Sonarpur'''
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||Khagendra Kumar Roy Choudhury||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||rowspan=3|Gangadhar Naskar||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=3|dab=yes}}<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]||[[Kansari Halder]]||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]||rowspan=2|Gangadhar Naskar||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=5}}<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]||rowspan=3|Bhadreswar Mondal<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||Nimai Chandra Mondal||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||Shyamal Naskar||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" align=center|'''Sonarpur Uttar'''
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]||rowspan=3|[[Firdousi Begum]]||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]||[[Debasish Dhar]]||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonarpur Uttar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Debasish Dhar]]
|party =Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 119,824
|percentage = 46.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[ Firdousi Begum]]
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = 110,017
|percentage = 42.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[ Monalisa Sinha ]]
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 19,744
|percentage = 7.7
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[ Dr. Jagannath Kumir ]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,533
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,599
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,807
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonarpur Uttar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Firdousi Begum]]|votes=1,19,957|percentage=49.88|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ranjan Baidya]]|votes=83,867|percentage=34.87|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[Monalisa Sinha]]|votes=29,400|percentage=12.22|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Legislative Assembly Election 2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly Election, 2016]]: Sonarpur Uttar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Firdousi Begum]]
|votes = 101,939
|percentage = 50.31
|change = -5.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Jyotirmoyee Sikdar]]
|votes = 77,059
|percentage = 38.03
|change = -1.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Satyabrata Dutta]]
|votes = 15,218
|percentage = 7.51
|change = +5.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Ajit Baul]]
|votes = 1770
|percentage = 0.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 202,625
|percentage = 82.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Legislative Assembly Election 2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly Election, 2011]]: Sonarpur Uttar<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=151| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513171231/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=151| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 13 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Sonarpur Uttar| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 30 April 2011 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Firdousi Begum]]
|votes = 89,841
|percentage = 55.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Shyamal Naskar]]
|votes = 63,817
|percentage = 39.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Debasish Purkait]]
|votes = 3,618
|percentage = 1.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Ranjan Kumar Halder]]
|votes = 1,290
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Shyamal Naskar]]
|votes = 1,276
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Fakir Mohammed Laskar]]
|votes = 1,141
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Manoj Kumar Dutta]]
|votes = 747
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Bhushan Mondal]]
|votes = 42
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 162,155
|percentage = 82.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}
===Legislative Assembly Election 2006===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly Election, 2006]]
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Shyamal Naskar]]
|votes = 1,13,146
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Nirmal Chandra Mondal]]
|votes = 1,05,126
|change =
}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Legislative Assembly Election 2001===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly Election, 2001]]
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Nirmal Chandra Mondal]]
|votes = 99,893
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Abha Mondal]]
|votes = 91,829
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Legislative Assembly Elections 1977-2006===
In 2006<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> Shyamal Naskar of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Sonarpur Assembly constituency defeating his nearest rival Nirmal Chandra Mondal of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]. In 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> Nirmal Chandra Mondal of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] defeated Abha Mondal of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. Bhadreswar Mondal of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] defeated Nirmal Chandra Mondal of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> and 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> and Sovaranjan Sardar of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in 1987.<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> Gangadhar Naskar of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] defeated Ramkanta Mondal of [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|ICS]] in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> and Gourhari Sardar of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp109.htm |title =109 - Sonarpur (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 October 2010}}</ref>

===Legislative Assembly Elections 1962-1972===
Kansari Halder of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> Gangadhar Naskar of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won in 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> 1969,<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> Khagendra Kumar Roy Choudhury of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1962.<ref name=vidhansabha1962/>

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

{{South 24 Parganas}}
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Tso Moriri

2026-05-02T05:48:46Z

Theentrepreneur: new the article needs work

{{Short description|Lake in Ladakh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Tso Moriri
| other_name =

| image = Tso Moriri, Ladakh (34855616204).jpg
| alt = View of the Tso Moriri Lake
| caption = View of the Tso Moriri Lake in Changthang district (Ladakh)
| image_bathymetry =
| alt_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =

| location =
| group =
| coordinates = {{coord|32|54|N|78|18|E|type:waterbody_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| type =
| etymology =
| part_of =
| inflow = Snow Melt in summer
| rivers =
| outflow =
| oceans =
| catchment = {{convert|2298|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=India WRIS Geoviewer |url=https://indiawris.gov.in/wris/#/Geoviewer|access-date=30 September 2024 }}</ref>
| basin_countries = [[India]]
| agency =
| designation = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Tsomoriri
| designation1_date = 19 August 2002
| designation1_number = 1213<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsomoriri|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1213|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}}
| date-built = 
| engineer =
| date-flooded = 
| length = {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| area = {{convert|13500|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| depth = 
| max-depth = {{convert|105|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=Praveen K. |last2=Anoop |first2=A. |last3=Schettler |first3=G. |last4=Prasad |first4=Sushma |last5=Jehangir |first5=A. |last6=Menzel |first6=P. |last7=Naumann |first7=R. |last8=Yousuf |first8=A.R. |last9=Basavaiah |first9=N. |last10=Deenadayalan |first10=K. |last11=Wiesner |first11=M.G. |last12=Gaye |first12=B. |title=Reconstructed late Quaternary hydrological changes from Lake Tso Moriri, NW Himalaya |journal=Quaternary International |date=June 2015 |volume=371 |pages=76–86 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.040 |bibcode=2015QuInt.371...76M |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040618214009082 |access-date=30 March 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| volume = 
| residence_time =
| salinity =
| shore = 
| elevation = {{convert|4522|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| frozen =
| islands =
| islands_category =
| sections =
| trenches =
| benches =
| cities = [[Korzok]]

| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Tso Moriri

| website =
| reference =
}}

[[File:Frozen, Tso Moriri.jpg|thumb|Tso Moriri frozen.]]

'''Tso Moriri''' or '''Lake Moriri''' ({{bo|t=ལྷ་མོའི་བླ་མཚོ|w=lha mo bla mtsho}}, ‘Mountain Lake’), {{convert|4522|m|ft|abbr=on}}, is a pristine high-altitude lake and a [[Ramsar site|Ramsar Wetland Site]]<ref name= wetlands/> in the remote [[Changthang]] Plateau (literally: northern plains) in the [[Changthang district]] of the [[union territory]] of [[Ladakh]] in [[India]]. As the largest high-altitude lake entirely within India and Ladakh's Trans-Himalayan region, it spans 26 km north-south and 3-5 km wide. The lake is fed by three primary glacial streams - Karzok Phu (west), Gyama Phu (north), and Phirse Phu (southwest) - which form extensive [[marshe]]s at their [[River delta|delta]]s. Though now an [[endorheic lake]] due to its blocked southern outlet, Tso Moriri maintains slightly [[Brackish water|brackish]] yet [[Drinking water|palatable waters]]. Its [[Oligotrophic lake|oligotrophic]] (nutrient-poor), [[Alkali|alkaline]] ecosystem supports unique biodiversity. The area gained protection as the '''Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve''', though accessibility remains limited mostly to summer months. Year-round settlements exist only at [[Karzok]] village (northwest shore) and military outposts along the eastern banks, enduring the extreme high-altitude climate.<ref name=tsomo>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_wetlands/our_work/ramsar_sites/tsomoriri.cfm |title=WWF - Tsomoriri |access-date=2009-11-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025182618/http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_wetlands/our_work/ramsar_sites/tsomoriri.cfm |archive-date=25 October 2007 |df=dmy-all }} Tso Moriri</ref>

The nearest airport is 219 km northwest at [[Leh|Leh City]], capital of [[Ladakh]], the nearest rail access will be at [[Miru, Ladakh|Miroo]] station on the under-construction [[Bhanupli-Leh line]]. Road access to Tso Moriri is available from multiple directions: from the north via Sumdo along the ([[Salt_Valley#MPSM|Miroo-Puga-Sumdo-Mahe Road]] connecting to [[Salt_Valley#SKR|Sumdo-Karzok Road]]; from the south through the under-construction [[Kiato-Karzok Road]] (125 km) via the high-altitude [[Takling La]] Tunnel (5575 m) from [[Lahaul_and_Spiti_district#Physical|Spiti Valley]];<ref name=kart1>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/kyato-korzok-road-will-connect-himachal-to-ladakh-army-will-have-easy-access-to-china-border-2025-04-21?pageId=1
| title = Kyato-Korzok road will connect Himachal to Ladakh, army will have easy access to China border
| last =
| first =
| website = Amar Ujala
| date = 2025-04-21
| accessdate = 2025-04-22
}}</ref> and from the northeast/east via the [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]]-[[Ryul Tso|Ryul]]-Tegazhung-[[Chumur]] Road network.

==Geography ==
{{also see | Salt Valley#Geography | l1=Geography of Salt Valley | Geography of Ladakh }}
[[File:Tso Kiagar Lake Ladakh.jpg|300px|thumb|Tso Moriri, Korzok, in Ladakh.]]
[[File:Tso Moriri, Ladakh.jpg|300px|thumb|Tso Moriri, Ladakh.]]

The Changthang Plateau in the eastern Ladakh is an extension of the western [[Tibetan Plateau]] that lies above {{convert|4500|m|ft|abbr=on}} msl and supports diverse but low populations of several globally threatened mammals.<ref name = plan/> The lake's drainage area could also be categorised as a basin since it is a [[closed drainage]] basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other bodies of water such as rivers or oceans.<ref name = plan/> The Tso Moriri lake is 20 to 50 kilometers southeast of the elevated valley of the core [[Rupshu]] Valley and falls within the greater Rupshu Plateau and valley area.<ref name=ladakh/> The lake, with water spread area of {{convert|120|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, 26 km north-south and 3-5 km wide, is enclosed by several peaks exceeding {{convert|6000|m|ft|abbr=on}} on both the east and west sides,<ref name=peaks1/> including '''Mentok Kangri''' and '''Lungser Kangri'''.<ref name=ladakh/>

Geologically the Tso Moriri lake is in [[Ordovician]] rock.<ref name=orient>{{cite web |url=http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/14pdfs/Mishra-Ladakh.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-09-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610174824/http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/14pdfs/Mishra-Ladakh.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}. The brackish water of the lake has NaC1 less than 5.85 g/L, measured in mid-summer.</ref><ref name=wetlands>{{cite web |url=http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/2IN018en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-10-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527190859/http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/2IN018en.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It is bordered by the [[Salt Valley#Geography|Salt Valley]], [[Kyago Tso]] and Puga Valley to the north; while the Tegazhung Plains (pasturelands) and Chumur region lie to its southeast. Several small mountain streams feed the lake, including one through pasture land at Peldo Le. The lake is fed by springs and snow melt and has a maximum depth of {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=orient/> The primary western inflow comes from '''Lingdi River''', the lake's major tributary, which drains the western catchment before entering Tso Moriri's southern shore. The lake's southern edge opens into a broad, flat valley that connects with - but hydrologically remains separate from - the [[Parang River|Pare Chu river]] (part of [[Sutlej]] river basin).<ref name=peaks1>{{cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/Publications/WatershedSubbasinAtlas/13.%20Satluj%20Upper.pdf |title= Upper Sutlej basin area|access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref> {{anchor|Nuro}}To the south of Tso Moriri lies the '''Nuro Sumdo''' (Narbu Sumdo) wetlands (with {{convert|20|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}} catchment), a [[Bog|boggy]] area outside the lake's drainage basin that primarily drains into the Pare Chu River system.<ref name=orient/>

Tso Moriri is categorized among the [[Himalaya]]n lakes based on origin. According to established classification systems, these lakes are divided into four groups, with Tso Moriri belonging to the third category of "remnant lakes" - water bodies that remain from much larger prehistoric lakes. The classification as reported states:<ref name = plan>{{cite web |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_ecosys.pdf |title=Report of the Task Force On the Mountain Ecosystems, Environment and Forest Sector, for Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007–2012 |date=November 2006 |publisher=[[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404230150/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_ecosys.pdf |archive-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <blockquote>
''(i) [[Glacial lakes]] which are formed in and around [[glaciers]]; (ii) Structural lakes, formed by folds or faults due to movements in earth’s crust (e.g. [[Nainital]] lake in [[Uttarakhand]]), (iii) ''Remnant lakes'' which were originally structural but represent the remnants of vast lakes (e.g., Tso Moriri, Tso Kar, [[Pangong Tso]] in [[Ladakh]], and [[Dal Lake]] in [[Kashmir]]), (iv) Natural dammed lakes i.e., temporary water bodies formed along the river courses due to deposition of rocks or debris e.g. Gohna Tal in [[Garhwal Division|Garhwal]], Uttarakhand.''
</blockquote>

==Climate ==
[[File:Tso Moriri, Ladakh. 2010.jpg|thumb|300px|Tso Moriri, Ladakh, c. 2010.]]

[[Aridity]] and cold [[desert]] conditions prevail in the lake region; with summer temperature varying from {{convert|0|to|30|C|F}} and winter temperature recording {{convert|-10|and|-40|C|F}}.<ref name=orient/>

==People==
[[File:Lake Tsomoriri and sign.jpg|thumb|300px|Lake Tsomoriri and sign.]]
[[File:Buddhist shrine. On the banks of Tso Moriri, Ladkah, 2010.jpg|thumb|Buddhist [[shrine]]. On the banks of Tso Moriri, Ladkah, 2010.]]
[[File:At Tsomoriri there is only one camping site. Sign at Tso Moriri. 2010.jpg|thumb|350px|At Tsomoriri there is only one camping site. Sign at Tso Moriri, c. 2010.]]

[[Changpa]], the [[nomadic]] migratory [[shepherds]] (pastoral community) of [[yak]], [[sheep]], [[goat]], and [[horse]]s of [[Tibet]]an origin and who are engaged in trade and work on caravans in [[Ladakh]] region, are the main inhabitants of the area.<ref name=ladakh>https://www.holidaymoods.in/trip-to-leh-ladakh Tsomoriri lake trecks</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20060317160342/http://www.eastmanvoyages.com/tour-options/rumtse-tsomoriri.html Article title]}} Rumtse - Tso Moriri Trek</ref> Changpa (Champa) herders use the land of this valley as grazing ground and for cultivation.<ref name = plan/>

==Tourism==
{{see also | Tourism in Ladakh }}

Karzok has homestays, [[All Ladakh Gonpa Association#Moriri|Buddhist monastery]] and lake tourism.

The [[Korzok Monastery]], on the western bank of the lake is 400 years old and attracts tourists and [[Buddhist]] pilgrims. Tourism during May – September attracts large number of foreign and local tourists even though tented accommodation is the facility available, apart from a small PWD guest house close to the Lake.<ref name = tsomo/> Northeast of Tso Moriri is a small lake, Kyagar Tso in the Salt Valley, which is known locally as Lake of Joy.

== Transport==
{{anchor | Access}}

Airports:
* [[Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport]], the nearest airport with scheduled domestic flights is at [[Leh]], {{convert|240|km}} northeast by road.
* [[Nyoma#Nyoma_Airbase|Nyoma Military Airbase]] is only 60-70 km away to the northeast, but as of 2025 it is not open for the civilian flights though there are plans for the [[Joint-use airport|joint-use civilian enclave]] under the [[UDAN]] scheme.
* [[Rangrik Rang|Rangrik Airport]], the [[List_of_airports_in_Himachal_Pradesh#List|proposed airport]] 100-120 km to the south from Karzok.<ref name=rang1>[https://www.hptourtravel.com/traveliq/airports-in-himachal-pradesh/ Airports in HP], accessed 21 Apr 2025.</ref>

Railway:
* [[Miru, Ladakh|Miroo]], will be the nearest railway station at the under-construction [[Bhanupli–Leh line]].

Roads:
* From north, via Sumdo from "Miroo-Puga-Sumdo-[[Mahe, Ladakh|Mahe]] Road" ([[Salt_Valley#MPSM|MPSM Road]]) and then travelling south on [[Salt_Valley#SKR|Sumdo-Karzok Road]]. See [[Salt_Valley#Transport|transport to Salt Valley and Tso Moriri]].

* From south, via Kiato (near [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh|Kaza]] in [[Lahaul_and_Spiti_district#Physical|Spiti Valley]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]]) from the 125 km long [[Kiato-Karzok Road]] through the [[Takling La]] Tunnel (5575 m) being constructed by the [[Border Roads Organisation|BRO]] as [[Tourism_in_Ladakh#Roads|fourth alternative route to Ladakh]].<ref name=kart1>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/kyato-korzok-road-will-connect-himachal-to-ladakh-army-will-have-easy-access-to-china-border-2025-04-21?pageId=1
| title = Kyato-Korzok road will connect Himachal to Ladakh, army will have easy access to China border
| last =
| first =
| website = Amar Ujala
| date = 2025-04-21
| accessdate = 2025-04-22
}}</ref>

* From northeast ([[Hanle (village)|Hanle]]) and east ([[Chumur]]), near [[Ryul Tso]] on {{anchor|HRCR}}Hanle-Ryul-Chumur Road taking the {{anchor|RCR}}Ryul-Chumur Road towards south, and then taking the west turn near Tegazhung Plains (pastureland on southeast bank of Tso Moriri lake between the lake and Chumur) on the {{anchor|CTKR}}Chumur-Tegazhung-Karzok Road to go northwest to Karzok via Charchagan La (southeast bank of Tso Moriri).

* Tsomoriri-[[Pangong Tso]] 235km long tourist route via [[Nyoma]], [[Chushul]] and [[Spangmik]] in the remote Changtang region, considered to be one of the most beautiful drives in the entire Ladakh region, is in a good condition for the most part. There are no petrol pumps on this long route, hence carrying enough fuel is necessary. Foreigners are not allowed to go beyond the Man - Merak villages on Pangong Tso as permits are not issued for them.

==Ecology==
[[File:Tsomoriri Lake.jpg|thumb|320px|right|Tso Moriri Lake during August.]]

Tso Moriri basin represents a landscape of low productive ecosystems which protects unique floral and faunal species. The Working Report (2006) of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] of the [[Government of India]] also reports:<ref name = plan/> <blockquote>
Despite a poor vegetation cover, relatively low standing biomass and high anthropogenic pressure, this area sustains a considerably high livestock population. Steady increase in the livestock population in the area is mainly attributed to influx of nomadic herders from Tibet during recent decades and promotion of Pashmina goat production by the Animal Husbandry Department (AHD) for fine quality under wool ([[Pashmina]]). The herders and AHD officials, in recent years have begun to raise concern over degradation of pastures, resultant shortage of forage, and mass mortality of livestock during severe winters.
</blockquote>

=== Flora ===

While deeper waters remain barren, Tso Moriri's shallows support Potamogeton spp., with marshes dominated by arid-steppe vegetation including characteristic ''[[Caragana]]'', ''[[Astragalus (plant)|Astragalus]]'', ''[[Potamogeton]]'' species. The area features characteristic several species of ''[[Carex]]'', ''[[Primula]]'' (low growing herb), ''[[Pedicularis]]''(parasitic plant), ''[[Juncus]]'' ''thomsonii'' and ''[[Leontopodium]]'' sp. Phytoplankton like ''[[Oocystis]]'' (900 cells/L to 25m depth) and [[diatom]] ''Cyclotella'' inhabit the waters, while surrounding pastures sustain domestic livestock.<ref name= wetlands/>

=== Fauna ===
[[File:Kyang at Tsomoriri.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Kiang]]s in the vicinity of Tso Moriri Lake.]]

An avifaunal survey of the lake and its adjoining Nuro Sumdo wetland conducted in July 1996 revealed the following facts:<ref name = orient/><ref name=wetlands/>

* [[Carnivores|Large carnivores]]: The [[snow leopard]] (''Uncia uncia''), [[Tibetan wolf]] (''Canis lupus chanco'').<ref name = orient/><ref name=wetlands/>

* Mammals: The tibetan gazelle, ''[[procapra picticaudata]]'', Goa antelope (threatened), ''[[Eurasian lynx]]'', Nayan ''[[Ovis ammon]]'' ''hodgsoni'', [[Bharal]] (''Pseudois nayaur'') Himalayan blue sheep, Tibetan Ass ([[Kiang]]) or ''Equus kiang'', endemic to the [[Tibetan Plateau]], [[Great Tibetan Sheep]], species of [[marmot]] - ''[[Marmota himalayana]]'' (in large numbers seen on the hill slopes surrounding the lake and also along the roadsides), species of [[hare]] - ''[[Lepus]]'' ''oistolus'', species of [[vole]] - ''[[Alticola roylei]]'', 3 species of [[mouse hares]] (''[[Ochotona macrotis]]'', ''[[Ochotona curzoniae]]'' or Tibetan sand fox and ''[[Scincella ladacensis]]'').<ref name = orient/><ref name=wetlands/>

* [[Avifauna]]: The lake supports thirty-four bird species, including fourteen waterbird varieties, several of which are vulnerable or endangered. Notable among these are the endangered[[black-necked crane]]s (''grus nigricollis''), the [[Bar-headed goose|bar-headed geese]] (''anser indicus'') - which finds its only Indian breeding ground here, [[brown-headed gull]]s (''larus brunnicephalus''), [[great crested grebe]] (''podiceps cristatus''), [[Ferruginous pochard]], [[black-necked grebe]] (''podiceps nigricollis'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Khan|first=Asif|date=2016|title=Ladakh: The Land Beyond|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7UUVmCgCiGATFFhcGJqdkg3S28/view?usp=sharing|journal=Buceros|pages=20 Issue 3}}</ref>

==Conservation ==
[[File:Tsomomiri Wetland Conservation (The Ramsar Site).jpg|thumb|350px|Conservation in Tsomomiri Wetland Conservation, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.]]

Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve, a Ramsar site,<ref name= wetlands/> is legally protected with hunting prohibitions enforced by a wildlife checkpoint at Mahe Bridge. Conservation efforts combine scientific research, community engagement, and institutional support:<ref name=fresh>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_wetlands/our_work/wetlands_ladakh/index.cfm |title=WWF - Conservation of High Altitude Wetlands in Ladakh |access-date=2008-10-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921033942/http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_wetlands/our_work/wetlands_ladakh/index.cfm |archive-date=21 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }} Conservation of High Altitude Wetlands in Ladakh</ref>

* [[World Wildlife Fund]]-India leads conservation through its Korzok field office, conducting ecological surveys and awareness programs while developing sustainable tourism models and environmental management systems.<ref name=fresh/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reachladakh.com/Non_Governmental_Organisations.htm |title=Non Governmental Organisations |work=Reach Ladakh Bulletin |access-date=27 October 2008 |archive-date=1 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101110245/http://reachladakh.com/Non_Governmental_Organisations.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* [[Wildlife Institute of India]] maintains a Leh research station supporting scientific studies.<ref name=fresh/>

* Local communities have implemented habitat protection measures including traditional fencing and cleanup operations.<ref name=fresh/>

* Tso Moriri Conservation Trust and 20 school nature clubs promote environmental education.<ref name=fresh/>

* Indian Army has establish a Nature Interpretation Centre in Leh.<ref name=fresh/>

* Key achievements include the community's 2000 declaration of Tso Moriri as a 'Sacred Gift for a Living Planet' and restrictions on vehicular access through stakeholder consultation.<ref name=fresh/>

== Issues and threats==

Threats to Tso Moriri's ecosystem include increasing tourist numbers disrupting avifauna breeding, road construction along the shoreline, and pasture degradation impacting marmots, hares and ungulates. Additional pressures come from expanding sheep grazing in wetlands, inadequate garbage disposal, and unleashed dogs preying on cranes and their eggs. Unregulated jeep safaris harass wildlife like [[kiang]] and encroach on breeding grounds, compounded by insufficient government monitoring and enforcement.<ref name = tsomo/><ref name= wetlands/>

==See also==

* [[Karzok]], major habitation on the northwest shore of Tso Moriri

* [[Changthang]] Plateau lakes

** [[More plains]] pool
*** [[Tso Kar]]
*** [[Startsapuk Tso]]

** [[Salt Valley]]
*** [[Kyago Tso]] (Kyagar Tso)
*** Tso Moriri

** Other lakes in [[Changthang]] Plateau
*** [[Ryul Tso|Chilling Tso]]
*** [[Ryul Tso]]

* [[Kailash Range]] lakes
** [[Pangong Tso]]
** [[Spanggur Tso]]

* Ladakh
** [[Geography of Ladakh]]
** [[Tourism in Ladakh]]

* General
** [[Soda lake]]
** [[Salt Valley]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.bcmtouring.com/travel-guides/ladakh-travel-guide/leh-tso-moriri-travel-guide.html Tso Moriri Travel Guide ]
* Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Department of Wildlife Protection, Wildlife Division (LAHDC), Leh Ladakh (Undated): Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve (The Wildlife Guide)
* Rizvi, J. (1996) Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India
* [http://www.rangan-datta.info/Tso%20moriri.htm Travel Article on Tso Moriri]
{{Ladakh}}
{{Ramsar sites in India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lakes of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]
[[Category:Protected areas of India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Ladakh]]

Shirui National Park

2026-04-25T05:28:29Z

Theentrepreneur: new initial page added tags - done

{{Short description|National park in Manipur, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Shirui National Park
| iucn_category = II
| image = A scene from Siroy National Park, Manipur (1).jpg
| image_caption = A view from Shirui National Park
| map = India Manipur#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-zoom = 8
| location = Ukhrul, Manipur, India
| area = 41.30
| established = 1982
}}[[File:A scene from Siroy National Park, Manipur (1).jpg|thumb|300px|A view from Shirui National Park]]
'''Shirui National Park''' is a [[national park]] located in the state of [[Manipur]] in India. It was established in 1982.<ref name=handbook>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JYFmoOWfmX8C&dq=Sirohi+National+Park&pg=PA69 Handbook of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Biosphere Reserves in India] p.69</ref> Among the animals that make their homes here include [[tragopan]], [[tiger]] and [[leopard]]. It is here that the famous [[shirui lily]] (''Lilium mackliniae'') grows naturally.

The Shirui Kashong Peak in [[Ukhrul]] is a hill top view point located at a height of 2,835 meters above sea level. A number of rivers originate from this peak.

Rare birds like [[Blyth's tragopan|Blyth's Tragopan]] and [[Mrs. Hume's pheasant|Mrs. Hume's bar-backed pheasant]] inhabit the hill top.

In the park, natural life is supported by an undisturbed biological system.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-06|title=Sirohi National Park in Manipur|url=https://bharatstories.com/sirohi-national-park-in-manipur/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Bharat Stories|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Flora==
It has dense [[tropical forests]] all over and [[temperate forest]] in the hilltops.<ref name=handbook/>

==Sources==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Shirui National Park}}

{{National Parks of India}}

{{coord|24|13|51|N|94|13|51|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-hiwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:National parks in Manipur]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1982]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Manipur]]

{{Manipur-geo-stub}}
{{India-protected-area-stub}}

Vyttila water metro station

2026-04-24T07:08:26Z

Theentrepreneur:

{{Short description|Ferry terminal in Kochi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Vyttila water metro station
| name_lang = ml
| native_name = വൈറ്റില വാട്ടർ മെട്രോ സ്റ്റേഷൻ
| native_name_lang =
| symbol =
| symbol_location =
| type =
| image = File:Vyttila water metro station.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Vyttila water metro station
| other_name =
| address =
| borough =
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.969|76.321|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| elevation =
| owned = [[Kochi Water Metro Limited]]
| operator = [[Kochi Water Metro]]
| manager = [[Kochi Metro Rail Limited]]
| transit_authority =
| line =
| distance =
| bus_routes =
| bus_operators =
| connections = {{ric|Kochi Metro}} {{rcb|Kochi Metro|Blue Line|croute|link=Blue_Line_(Kochi_Metro)}} [[Vyttila metro station|Vytilla]] [[Vyttila Mobility Hub]]
| structure =
| depth =
| levels =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible =
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| status =
| code =
| iata =
| zone =
| classification =
| website =
| opened = {{Start date|2023|04|27|df=y}}
| opening =
| closed = 
| rebuilt =
| former =
| original =
| pregroup =
| postgroup =
| prenational =
| years =
| events =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_rank =
| services =
| other_services =
| other_services_collapsible =
| other_services_header =
| other_services2 =
| other_services2_collapsible =
| other_services2_header =
| footnotes =
| map_type = India Kochi
| map_size = 300
| map_dot_label = Vyttila
}}

'''Vyttila''' is a station of [[Kochi Water Metro]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Jiji |date=26 April 2023 |title=ഒരു കരക്ക് എത്താൻ |pages=17 |work=Malayala Manorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-06 |title=Kochi: 3 Water Metro terminals ready for functioning |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/3-water-metro-terminals-ready-for-functioning/articleshow/90023342.cms |access-date=2023-04-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The station is located adjacent to [[Vyttila metro station]] and [[Vyttila Mobility Hub|Vyttila mobility hub]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-09 |title=Vyttila to Kakkanad route too in first phase |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/vyttila-to-kakkanad-route-too-in-first-phase/articleshow/97753381.cms |access-date=2023-04-27 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was inaugurated by the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 25 April 2023 and opened for public on 27 April as a part of the first phase of the water metro system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=kochi water metro: കൊച്ചി വാട്ടര്‍ മെട്രോ; പൊതുജനങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് ഇന്ന് മുതല്‍ യാത്ര ചെയ്യാം |url=https://malayalam.indiatoday.in/keralam/story/kochi-water-metro-public-service-starts-today-548651-2023-04-26 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=India Today Malayalam |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Kochi Water Metro}}
[[Category:Kochi Water Metro stations]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Ferry terminals in India]]

Anta Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:23:11Z

Theentrepreneur: starting a stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Anta
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-193-Anta.svg
| mla = [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| latest_election_year = 2025
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Baran district|Baran]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar-Baran]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:217028}}<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 193
}}
'''Anta Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Baran district|Baran]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Prabhu Lal Saini]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Kanwar Lal Meena]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2025 elections in India#Rajasthan|2025^]]
| [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

^By-election

== Election results ==
===2025 by-election===
{{Election box begin
| title = [[2025 elections in India#Rajasthan|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly by-election, 2025]]: Anta<ref name="2025 Anta Assembly constituency Bye Poll Result">{{cite news |title=2025 Anta Assembly constituency Bye Poll Result |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeNov2025/candidateswise-S20193.htm |accessdate=16 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116115602/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeNov2025/candidateswise-S20193.htm |archivedate=16 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 69,571
| percentage = 37.94
| change = -8.37
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Morpal Suman
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = 53,959
| percentage = 29.42
| change = -20.22
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Naresh Meena
| party = Independent
| votes = 53,800
| percentage = 29.33
| change ={{new}}
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| party = None of the above (India)
| votes = 925
| percentage = 0.50
| change =
}}

{{Election box majority
| votes = 15,612
| percentage = 8.51
| change =
}}

{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +5.93
}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
| title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Anta<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2023/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2023 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>
}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Kanwar Lal Meena]]
| votes = {{formatnum:87390}}
| percentage = 49.64
| change = +11.91
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
| votes = {{formatnum:81529}}
| percentage = 46.31
| change = -11.78
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above (India)
| candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
| votes = {{formatnum:1271}}
| percentage = 0.72
| change = -0.06
}}

{{Election box majority
| votes = {{formatnum:5861}}
| percentage = 3.33
| change = -17.03
}}

{{Election box turnout
| votes = {{formatnum:176064}}
| percentage = 81.13
| change = +0.67
}}

{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Anta<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:97160}}
|percentage = 58.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Prabhu Lal Saini]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:63097}}
|percentage = 37.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Jain
|votes = {{formatnum:1739}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1301}}
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:34063}}
|percentage = 20.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:167249}}
|percentage = 80.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2013]]: Anta<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2013 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 9 August 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Prabhu Lal Saini]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 69960
|percentage = 48.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 66,561
|percentage = 46.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2008]]: Anta<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2008/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 19 October 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:56345}}
|percentage = 50.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Raghuveer Singh Kaushal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:26851}}
|percentage = 23.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Mohan Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:20000}}
|percentage = 17.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:29968}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:112381}}
|percentage =
|change = 71.00
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Baran district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|25.16|76.31|display=title}}

[[Category:Baran district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Sindri Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:18:35Z

Theentrepreneur: new initial details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jharkhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| name =Sindri
| map_image =Sindri constituency map.svg
| state =[[Jharkhand]]
| loksabha_cons =[[Dhanbad Lok Sabha constituency|Dhanbad]]
| established = 2000
| district =[[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]]| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| mla =[[Bablu Mahato]]
| party = [[File:Flag Logo of CPIML.png|20px]] {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}
| electors ={{formatnum:317169}}
| constituency_no =38}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
''' Sindri Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=jhceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 1967: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]] ||rowspan=3|[[A. K. Roy|Arun Kumar Roy]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]] ||rowspan=2|[[Anand Mahato]]
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]] ||[[Binod Bihari Mahato]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]] ||rowspan=2|[[Anand Mahato]]|| {{Full party name with color|Marxist Co-ordination Committee|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]] ||Phul Chand Mandal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|[[Raj Kishore Mahato]],<ref name=election2005>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|rowspan=2|Phul Chand Mandal<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)}}
|-
|[[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[Indrajit Mahato]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Bablu Mahato]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}

|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sindri<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bablu Mahato|Chandradeo Mahato]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=1,05,136 |percentage=39.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Devi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,01,688 |percentage=38.34% |change={{increase}}2.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Usha Devi |party=Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha |votes=42,664 |percentage=16.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mobin Ansari |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,820 |percentage=1.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=5,376 |percentage=2.03% |change={{increase}}1.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,448 |percentage=1.30% |change= {{decrease}}2.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,65,202 |percentage=72.73% |change= {{increase}}0.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,64,662 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.97 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sindri<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Indrajit Mahato |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=80,967 |percentage=35.58% |change={{increase}}6.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Mahato]] |party=Marxist Co-ordination Committee |votes=72,714 |percentage=31.95% |change={{increase}}6.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fulchand Mandal |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=33,583 |percentage=14.76% |change={{decrease}}7.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sadanand Mahato |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=12,502 |percentage=5.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Kumar Rahi |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=7,636 |percentage=3.36% |change={{increase}}1.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deo Nath Singh |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=3,862 |percentage=1.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar Das |party=Independent politician |votes=2,969 |percentage=1.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,816 |percentage=0.80% |change={{increase}}0.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,253 |percentage=3.63% |change= {{increase}}0.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,27,567 |percentage=71.75% |change= {{increase}}1.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,17,169 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.27 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}6.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sindri<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Fulchand Mandal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=58,623 |percentage=28.99% |change={{increase}}15.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Mahato]] |party=Marxist Co-ordination Committee |votes=52,075 |percentage=25.75% |change={{decrease}}0.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mannu Alam |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=44,045 |percentage=21.78% |change={{increase}}13.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharat Dudani |party=Independent politician |votes=7,477 |percentage=3.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Ram Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,306 |percentage=3.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Kumar Mahato |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=4,596 |percentage=2.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rekha Mandal |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=3,980 |percentage=1.97% |change={{decrease}}26.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,034 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,548 |percentage=3.24% |change= {{increase}}0.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,02,204 |percentage=70.30% |change= {{increase}}15.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,87,618 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |swing= {{increase}}0.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sindri<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Phul Chand Mandal |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=40,048 |percentage=28.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Mahato]] |party=Marxist Co-ordination Committee |votes=36,288 |percentage=25.86% |change={{increase}}3.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kishor Mahato |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,793 |percentage=13.39% |change={{decrease}}14.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Duryodhan Prasad Choudhary |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=12,131 |percentage=8.65% |change={{decrease}}7.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anwarul Haque Ansari |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,429 |percentage=4.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hafijuddin Ansari |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=5,369 |percentage=3.83% |change={{decrease}}12.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shailendra Nath Dwivedi |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=3,126 |percentage=2.23% |change={{decrease}}0.48 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,760 |percentage=2.68% |change= {{decrease}}1.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,40,310 |percentage=54.71% |change= {{decrease}}2.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,56,466 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Sindri<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kishore Mahato |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=41,361 |percentage=27.50% |change={{decrease}}6.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Mahato]] |party=Marxist Co-ordination Committee |votes=34,358 |percentage=22.84% |change={{decrease}}6.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hafijuddin Ansari |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=23,937 |percentage=15.91% |change={{increase}}14.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mannu Alam |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=23,792 |percentage=15.82% |change={{decrease}}12.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meera Devi |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=5,440 |percentage=3.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shailendra Nath Dwivedi |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=4,078 |percentage=2.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shankar Mahato |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=2,391 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,003 |percentage=4.66% |change= {{increase}}0.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,50,406 |percentage=56.95% |change= {{decrease}}4.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,64,099 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.79 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}6.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Sindri<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar |access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Fulchand Mandal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=42,604 |percentage=33.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Mahato]] |party=Marxist Co-ordination Committee |votes=37,861 |percentage=29.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hafizudin Ansari |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=35,876 |percentage=28.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shri Kumar Sengupta |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=4,178 |percentage=3.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Mahato |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,360 |percentage=2.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pannulal Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,459 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pradip Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=828 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,743 |percentage=3.73% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,27,151 |percentage=62.07% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,08,290 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Vidhan Sabha]]
*[[List of states of India by type of legislature]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}

{{coord|23.748|86.706|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Dhanbad district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]

Altaf Hussain Mazumdar

2026-04-18T20:55:37Z

Theentrepreneur: starting new details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Altaf Hussain Mazumdar
| image =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1967
| term_end = 1972
| predecessor = [[Raichand Nath]]
| successor = [[Dr. Lutfur Rahman]]
| constituency = [[Barkhola Assembly constituency|Barkhola]]
| term_start1 = 1978
| term_end1 = 1983
| predecessor1 = [[Nurul Haque Choudhury]]
| successor1 = [[Nurul Haque Choudhury]]
| constituency1 = [[Sonai Assembly constituency|Sonai]]
| term_start2 = 1983
| term_end2 = 1991
| predecessor2 = [[A. F. Golam Osmani]]
| successor2 = [[Abdul Matin Mazumdar]]
| constituency2 = [[Barkhola Assembly constituency|Barkhola]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children =
| source =
}}

'''Altaf Hussain Mazumdar''' is an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Barkhola Assembly constituency|Barkhola constituency]] in the 1967, 1983 and [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="AssamECI1951">{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 : To the Legislative Assembly of Assam | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="Assam Legislative Assembly - MLA 1967-72">{{cite web | url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1967-72.html | title=Assam Legislative Assembly - MLA 1967-72 | publisher=Assam Legislative Assembly | date=2016 | access-date=27 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3998-assam-1983/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Assam |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1983-85.html|title=Assam Legislative Assembly – MLA 1983–85|accessdate=13 September 2019|website=Assam Legislative Assembly
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/1983-election-results.html|title=Assam Assembly Election Results in 1983|accessdate=13 September 2019|website=www.elections.in
}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060853/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4000-assam-1985/ ECI 1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election]</ref><ref>[http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1985-91.html Assam Legislative Assembly - Members 1985-91] (in Hindi)</ref> He was also elected from the [[Sonai Assembly constituency|Sonai constituency]] in the [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[Janata Party]].<ref name="eci1978">{{cite web | url=https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/ | title=STATISTICAL REPORTS OF GENERAL ELECTION TO STATE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (VIDHANSABHA) 1978 | publisher=Election Commission of india | accessdate=28 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="assam">{{cite web | url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1985-91.html | title=Assam Legislative Assembly - Members 1978-83 | publisher=Govt. of Assam | accessdate=29 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1978 |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1978 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ASSAM |url=https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/3996-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8-1978/?do=download |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mazumdar, Altaf Hossain}}
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Cachar district]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1978–1983]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1983–1985]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1985–1991]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Assam-politician-stub}}

Farampasha

2026-04-16T14:18:49Z

Theentrepreneur: put up basic post needs work - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Farampasha
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_level_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|45|0|N|92|21|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karimganj District|Karimganj]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total = 4412
| population_demonym = Farampashi
| population_note =
| area_total_km2 = 5.013
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = [http://www.citypincode.in/ASSAM/KARIMGANJ/Nilambazar_PINCODE 788722]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Karimganj South Assembly constituency|Karimganj South]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Farampasha''' ({{langx|bn|Farômpasha}}), also spelt '''Farampassa''', is a village and [[gram panchayat]] located in Nilambazar block, [[Karimganj district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]].<ref>{{cite book|page=754|title=The Assam Gazette Part 1|volume=2|year=1963}}</ref> It is 18 kilometres south of the district headquarters [[Karimganj]]. Farampasha is composed of three parts, collectively with a population of 4412, 1617 households and total area of 5.013 square kilometres.<ref>{{cite web|website=Village Info|location=[[India]]|title=Farampasha Pt I}}</ref>

[[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]) are the official languages of this place.<ref name="BnOff">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |title=Govt withdraws Assamese as official language from Barak valley |agency=Press Trust of India |date=9 September 2014 |work=Business Standard India |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195116/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meitei">{{Cite news |last=Purkayastha |first=Biswa Kalyan |date=24 February 2024 |title=Assam recognises Manipuri as associate official language in four districts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-recognises-manipuri-as-associate-official-language-in-four-districts-101708770769105.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>

==History==
Farampasha was formerly a part of the Dewadi [[pargana]] of [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet district]]. Following the [[conquest of Sylhet]] in 1303, Muslims started to settle in Dewadi and nearby areas. A traveller named Muluk Suwai cleared the jungles of Dewadi, and established his home there. During a visit to the [[Shah Jalal Dargah]] in [[Sylhet]], Suwai was asked where his residence was. His reply is preserved in a proverb recorded by the historian [[Achyut Charan Choudhury]]:<ref name=achyut/>

{{quote|গাছে পিঠা গোবাটে দই 
মোর সঙ্গে নি যাইবায় কই? ''Gachhe Piṭha, Gobaṭe Dôi Mor Shônge Ni Jaibay Kôi?''}}
Though the apparent translation would be "Such a place where ''[[pitha]]''s grow from trees and [[Curd (India)|curd]] is found at the cowshed, would anyone intend to go with me?." In reality, Suwai was figuratively referring to the [[Parkia speciosa|pithakara]] fruit, clay (not curd) and uncivilised paths used by cows, which determines the state of Dewadi prior to its development. Samiruddin, one of the dargah's ''[[Sufi pir|pir]]''s, was amazed at the ''pitha''s growing on trees and decided to join Suwai on his journey home. Samiruddin died during his visit to Dewadi, and was the [[mazar (mausoleum)]] containing his tomb is still preserved there.<ref>{{cite book|title=Islam in the Environment of Medieval Bengal|year=1970|author=Roy, Asim|page=340|publisher=[[Australian National University]]}}</ref> Muluk Suwai was buried next to him after his death.<ref name=achyut/>

Farampasha later became the seat of a [[Bengali Muslim]] [[Zamindar]] clan known as the '[[Chowdhury|Chowdhuries]] of Dewadi [[pargana]]'. They rose to prominence under Majlis Alam, who permitted the Nawab of Sylhet to send his sister Rupavati off to the [[harem|andar mahal]] of the emperor in [[Delhi]]. The Nawab rewarded him for his offering by awarding him the [[jagir]] of Dewadi. Several royal masons and artisans were dispatched from Delhi to partake in a mosque construction project in Majlis Alam's territory. However, the artisans mocked Majlis Alam for his 'little wealth' and as a result, were executed. When news of this incident reached the courts of Delhi, a contingent of armed horsemen were sent to punish those responsible. As a result, Majlis Alam was said to have committed suicide and was succeeded by his son, and then his daughter's son Shah Masud. The large ''dighi''s (ponds) of Farampasha echo the former glory of Zamindar Majlis Alam and that area is known as ''Dighirpar''. The largest of the ponds is ''Dhalidighi'' and Majlis Alam's house was situated on its western banks. The ruins of the large [[ghat]] of this pond can still be seen. Another large pond of Dighirpar is the ''Balidighi'', north of which was a Hindu hamlet which ceased to exist in the late nineteenth century. Shah Masud was succeeded by Muzafal Khan, who was granted the title of [[Chowdhury]]. His son and successor was Mahabbat Khan. In the middle of the eighteenth century, the property was split between Khan's two sons; Kar Muhammad and Deen Muhammad. Kar Muhammad was succeeded by Muhammad Faiz, whose successor was Muhammad Hadi. Hadi's son Ghulam Najab relocated with his family to the neighbouring village of Bhagirkhola, just north of Farampasha.<ref name=achyut>{{cite book |author=[[Achyut Charan Choudhury|Choudhury, Achyut Charan]] |title=Srihatter Itibritta: Uttorangsho |year=2000 |orig-year=1916 |publisher=Kotha |location=Kolkata |language=Bangla |url=https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_(%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6)_-_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF.pdf/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB|pages=186–187|chapter=ডেওয়াদির চৌধুরী বংশ}}</ref>

==Geography==
Nilambazar is located at {{Coord|24|N|92|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/03/Badarpur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Badarpur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 14 metres (46 feet).

===Roadways===
Regular bus services connect Farampasha with [[Guwahati]], [[Shillong]] and [[Agartala]] via NH 8 (previously NH 44).

==Notable people==
*[[Aziz Ahmed Khan (politician)|Aziz Ahmed Khan]], politician

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal|India}}

[[Category:Villages in Karimganj district]]

Dabolim Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:49:34Z

Theentrepreneur: put up a pg first draft

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Goa State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dabolim
| mla = [[Mauvin Godinho]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Goa]]
| district = [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:24661}}<ref name=results2022/>{{update after|2027|5}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no =26
| map_image = File:Dabolim constitution.svg
}}
'''Dabolim Assembly constituency''' is one of the 40 [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the state of [[Goa]] in southern [[India]]. Dabolim is also one of the 20 constituencies falling under the [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/goa/assembly-constituencies/dabolim.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Dabolim Assembly constituency]</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Shankar Laad]] || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Douradao Narculano Luis || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)}}
|-
| [[1984 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || D'Souza Simon Peter || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || rowspan=3 | [[Mauvin Godinho]]
|-
| [[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2022===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Dabolim<ref name=results2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14168-goa-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/ELECTION/Voter%20Turnout%20GE-2022.pdf |title=General Elections 2022 to Goa Legislatie Assembly - AC wise Voter Turnout |access-date=23 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mauvin Godinho]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,594 |percentage=40.29% |change={{decrease}}1.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Viriato Fernandes]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,024 |percentage=31.96% |change={{increase}}16.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Premanand Nanoskar |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,533 |percentage=13.44% |change={{increase}}7.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gajanan Borkar |party=Revolutionary Goans Party |votes=1,129 |percentage=5.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jose Filipe De Sousa |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,037 |percentage=5.50% |change={{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=198 |percentage=1.05% |change={{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahesh Bhandari |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=159 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,570 |percentage=8.33% |change= {{decrease}}5.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,848 |percentage=75.21% |change= {{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,661 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.88 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.11 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Dabolim<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Successful Candidates|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/Goa/01ListOfSuccessfulCandidates.xlsx|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=Xlsx|accessdate=22 April 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mauvin Godinho]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,234 |percentage=41.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Premanand Nanoskar |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=4,740 |percentage=27.13% |change={{decrease}}15.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Francisco Jose Nunes |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,752 |percentage=15.75% |change={{decrease}}33.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vasant (Gopi) Naik |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,117 |percentage=6.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kritesh Naik Gaunkar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,043 |percentage=5.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=168 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kenneth Ian Stewart Silveira |party=Independent politician |votes=130 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Govind Kerkar |party=Independent politician |votes=124 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,494 |percentage=14.27% |change= {{increase}}8.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,473 |percentage=77.14% |change= {{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,650 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.43 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Dabolim<ref>{{cite report|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012, to the Legislative Assembly of Goa|publisher=Election Commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3856-goa-2012/}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mauvin Godinho]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,468 |percentage=48.83% |change={{increase}}11.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Premanand Nanoskar |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=6,524 |percentage=42.66% |change={{increase}}24.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Mardolkar |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=849 |percentage=5.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Simon D'Souza |party=Independent politician |votes=433 |percentage=2.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=944 |percentage=6.17% |change= {{decrease}}11.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,293 |percentage=77.14% |change= {{increase}}10.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,801 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}15.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}11.44 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Dabolim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=D'Souza Simon Peter |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,865 |percentage=37.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dourado Herculano Teodoro |party=Independent politician |votes=3,171 |percentage=20.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naik Mahadev Narayan |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=2,799 |percentage=17.84% |change={{decrease}}2.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salgaonkar Shankar Kashinath |party=Independent politician |votes=1,615 |percentage=10.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saldanha Matandy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,412 |percentage=9.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arlekar Vishwanath Narsoba |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=187 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Perriera Luisa Geraldo |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=112 |percentage=0.71% |change={{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,694 |percentage=17.17% |change= {{decrease}}9.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,686 |percentage=64.61% |change= {{increase}}1.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,537 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (U) |swing= {{decrease}}9.85 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Dabolim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114095835/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Douradao Narculano Luis |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=5,780 |percentage=47.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bandekar Shankar Vishnu |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=2,510 |percentage=20.51% |change={{decrease}}17.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salgaonkar Shankar Kashinath |party=Independent politician |votes=2,474 |percentage=20.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parulekar Prakash Dattaram |party=Janata Party |votes=464 |percentage=3.79% |change={{decrease}}13.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fernandes Nalson Lourence |party=Janata Party (Secular) |votes=338 |percentage=2.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mandrekar Sitaram Saulo |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=140 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Henriques Gandhi Eustacio |party=Independent politician |votes=132 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,270 |percentage=26.72% |change= {{increase}}19.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,236 |percentage=63.56% |change= {{increase}}9.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,663 |ref = |change= {{increase}}31.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (U) |loser=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |swing= {{increase}}8.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] : Dabolim<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114095835/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Goa.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Laad Shankar Vishveswar |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=3,057 |percentage=38.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dourado Herculano Teodoro |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,445 |percentage=30.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fernandes Nalson Lourence |party=Janata Party |votes=1,373 |percentage=17.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saldnaha Jose Mathany Jacinte |party=Independent politician |votes=650 |percentage=8.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shaik Mohamad Jaffar Salia |party=Independent politician |votes=201 |percentage=2.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karmali Subash Naraina |party=Independent politician |votes=111 |percentage=1.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=612 |percentage=7.71% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,939 |percentage=55.39% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,149 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
* [[South Goa district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Goa Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/71-goa/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Goa}}

{{coord|15.39|73.85|display=title}}

[[Category:South Goa district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Goa]]
[[Category:Politics of Goa]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Goa, Daman and Diu]]

Kolhapur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:43:32Z

Theentrepreneur: new first info v1

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kolhapur
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district =
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Kolhapur Lok Sabha constituency|Kolhapur]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1962
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''[[Kolhapur]]''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. It was a segment of [[Kolhapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kolhapur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kolhapur-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> Kolhapur seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was bifurcated into [[Kolhapur North Assembly constituency|Kolhapur North]] & [[Kolhapur South Assembly constituency|Kolhapur South]] seat in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name=":0" />
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Balvant Baralay
| rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Peasants and Workers Party of India|Peasants and Workers Party]]
|-
|[[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Pandurang Salokhe
|-
|[[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" |Sitaram Karkhanis
|-
|[[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|Ravindra Sabnis
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Lalasaheb Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|N. D. Patil
|style="background-color: {{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}" |
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India|Peasants and Workers Party]]
|-
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Diliprao Desai
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Shiv Sena}}
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2" |Suresh Salokhe
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|[[Malojiraje Chhatrapati]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''2009 onwards : See [[Kolhapur North Assembly constituency|Kolhapur North]] & [[Kolhapur South Assembly constituency|Kolhapur South]]''}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Malojiraje Chhatrapati|Chhatrapati Malojiraje Shahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 76,157 |percentage = 53.62% |change={{increase}}27.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Balwant Salokhe |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 48,015 |percentage = 33.80% |change={{increase}}1.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vijay Shamrao Devane |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 11,718 |percentage = 8.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Shamrao Govindrao Shinde |party=Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 3,898 |percentage = 2.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ravindra Sambhaji Chavan |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 1,180 |percentage = 0.83% |change={{decrease}}22.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Wagh Sanjay Shankarrao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,071 |percentage = 0.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,142 |percentage = 19.81% |change= {{increase}}13.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 142,061 |percentage = 65.24% |change= {{increase}}9.48 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 142,039}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 217,736|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.24 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}21.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Balwant Salokhe |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 35,305 |percentage = 32.35% |change={{decrease}}7.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Adagule Mahadeo Dadoba |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,068 |percentage = 25.72% |change={{increase}}10.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prof. Ingavale Vishnupant Anandrao |party=Peasants And Workers Party of India |votes = 24,984 |percentage = 22.89% |change={{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. K. Powar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 20,773 |percentage = 19.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,237 |percentage = 6.63% |change= {{decrease}}4.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 112,892 |percentage = 57.68% |change= {{decrease}}13.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 109,130}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,737|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}7.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Balwant Salokhe |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 51,510 |percentage = 39.95% |change={{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prof. Ingavale Vishnupant Anandrao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 37,209 |percentage = 28.86% |change={{increase}}7.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Desai Shivani Diliprao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,708 |percentage = 15.28% |change={{decrease}}13.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pansare Govind Pandharinath |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 10,834 |percentage = 8.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Desai Shivajirao Dattajirao |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,497 |percentage = 1.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Vilasrao Shripatrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,239 |percentage = 1.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kate Bhagawanrao Vilasrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,593 |percentage = 1.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,301 |percentage = 11.09% |change= {{increase}}3.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 130,722 |percentage = 70.51% |change= {{increase}}7.64 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 128,949}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,390|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.24 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Desai Diliprao Malharrao |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 35,889 |percentage = 36.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kharade Sakharambapu |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,282 |percentage = 28.40% |change={{decrease}}5.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. D. Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 21,747 |percentage = 21.83% |change={{decrease}}31.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghosalkar Suresh Tukaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 9,772 |percentage = 9.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khallil Maner |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,010 |percentage = 3.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,607 |percentage = 7.64% |change= {{decrease}}11.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 100,533 |percentage = 62.49% |change= {{increase}}15.22 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,601}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,866|ref = |change= {{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}16.87 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=N. D. Patil |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 34,986 |percentage = 52.90% |change={{increase}}27.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yadav Lalsaheb Belasaheb |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 22,140 |percentage = 33.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kulkarni Vijay Ganesh |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,094 |percentage = 3.17% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salokhe Chandrakant Balwantrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,663 |percentage = 2.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Waskar Ganesh Mahadeo |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,527 |percentage = 2.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Karkhanis Tryambak Sitaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,301 |percentage = 1.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Santaram Sakharam |party=Independent politician |votes = 911 |percentage = 1.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,846 |percentage = 19.42% |change= {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,467 |percentage = 46.93% |change= {{decrease}}4.98 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,138}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,623|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}15.98 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Yadav Lalsaheb Belasaheb |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,718 |percentage = 36.92% |change={{increase}}20.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salokhe Hindurao Krishnarao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 14,740 |percentage = 25.06% |change={{increase}}0.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vora Subhash Bahubhai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,592 |percentage = 19.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ravindra Sabnis |party=Janata Party |votes = 8,387 |percentage = 14.26% |change={{decrease}}16.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shankar Rao Ganpatrao Chougule |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,233 |percentage = 2.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Pandurang Baburao |party=Independent politician |votes = 515 |percentage = 0.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,978 |percentage = 11.86% |change= {{increase}}5.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,352 |percentage = 52.15% |change= {{decrease}}21.64 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 58,825}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,815|ref = |change= {{increase}}6.55 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}6.43 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sabnis Ravindra Ramchandra |party=Janata Party |votes = 23,877 |percentage = 30.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salokhe Hindurao Krishnarao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 18,904 |percentage = 24.14% |change={{decrease}}30.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yadav Lalsaheb Belasaheb |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 12,824 |percentage = 16.37% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Dayandeo Subrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 11,468 |percentage = 14.64% |change={{decrease}}27.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pansare Govind Pandharinath |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 8,236 |percentage = 10.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dehmukha(Khot) Madanrao Yeshwant |party=Independent politician |votes = 855 |percentage = 1.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawant Shankarrao Gundoba |party=Independent politician |votes = 676 |percentage = 0.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,973 |percentage = 6.35% |change= {{decrease}}6.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,268 |percentage = 74.21% |change= {{increase}}1.26 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 78,321}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,821|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}23.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Karkhanis T. Rao Sitaram |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 38,943 |percentage = 54.33% |change={{decrease}}13.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Popatrao B. Jaganale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,018 |percentage = 41.88% |change={{increase}}19.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mane Gopalrao Sahebrao |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,034 |percentage = 2.84% |change={{decrease}}6.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tipugade Vishnu Vithu |party=Independent politician |votes = 475 |percentage = 0.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,925 |percentage = 12.45% |change= {{decrease}}32.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 72,736 |percentage = 73.12% |change= {{increase}}5.16 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 71,682}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,470|ref = |change= {{increase}}41.52 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}13.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Karkhanis T. Rao Sitaram |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 31,743 |percentage = 67.50% |change={{increase}}17.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=D. R. Bagade |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 10,479 |percentage = 22.28% |change={{decrease}}17.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. N. Sanglikar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,423 |percentage = 9.41% |change={{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,264 |percentage = 45.22% |change= {{increase}}35.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,235 |percentage = 70.05% |change= {{decrease}}2.98 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,027}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,286|ref = |change= {{increase}}3.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{increase}}17.19 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Karkhanis T. Rao Sitaram |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 23,984 |percentage = 50.31% |change={{decrease}}20.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pandurang Bapurao Salunkhe |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,151 |percentage = 40.17% |change={{increase}}21.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Balavant Krishnaji Methe |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,516 |percentage = 7.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Annappa Baburao Padalkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 708 |percentage = 1.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohammed Sharif Aba Nadaf |party=Independent politician |votes = 313 |percentage = 0.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,833 |percentage = 10.14% |change= {{decrease}}41.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,243 |percentage = 72.19% |change= {{increase}}4.55 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,672}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,213|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}20.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kolhapur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Salokhe Pandurang Bapurao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 28,644 |percentage = 70.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dabholkar Ahilyabai Sankarrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 7,595 |percentage = 18.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Takalikar (Patil) Dattoba Dada |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,502 |percentage = 11.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,049 |percentage = 51.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 40,741 |percentage = 65.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,741}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,353|ref = |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.020|72.843|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolhapur Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Kolhapur district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1952]]

Kekhrielhoulie Yhome

2026-04-07T21:52:40Z

Theentrepreneur: new some stub from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kekhrielhoulie Yhome
| image =
| caption =
| office =
| suboffice = Advisor of School Education and SCERT
| subterm = 7 March 2023 – Incumbent
| term_start =
| occupation = Politician
| other_party = [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]]
| party = Naga People's Front
}}

'''Kekhrielhoulie Yhome''' is an Indian politician and a Member of the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]] from [[Northern Angami I Assembly constituency|Northern Angami I constituency]] since 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr.Kekhrielhoulie Yhome in Nagaland Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/nagaland/drkekhrielhoulie-yhome-northern-angami-i-candidate-s17a010c002/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He is the chief minister's advisor on school education and State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT).<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-09-04 |title=Nagaland education department in a mess but will work hard to bring solution, improve system: Advisor Dr Kekhrie Yhome |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/nagaland-education-department-in-a-mess-but-will-work-hard-to-bring-solution-improve-system-advisor-dr-kekhrie-yhome/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Nagaland Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Electoral history ==
===Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] : Northern Angami I<ref name=election2023>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kekhrielhoulie Yhome |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=7,724 |percentage=55.85% |change=15.71%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khriehu Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,034 |percentage=43.63% |change=-15.69%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=72 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,690 |percentage=12.22% |change=-6.96% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,830 |percentage=77.44% |change= 0.48% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,860 |change =4.77% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -3.47% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] : Northern Angami I<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Khriehu Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=7,782 |percentage=59.32% |change=-4.44% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kekhrielhoulie Yhome |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=5,266 |percentage=40.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=70 |percentage=0.53% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,516 |percentage=19.18% |change=-8.35% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,118 |percentage=76.95% |change= -0.56% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,047 |change =4.82% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -4.44% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly By-election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 elections in India#Nagaland|By-election 2017]] : Northern Angami I<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,038 |percentage=63.76% |change=6.28% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kekhrielhoulie Yhome |party= Independent (politician) |votes=4,568 |percentage=36.24% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,470 |percentage=27.53% |change=12.44% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,606 |percentage=77.96% |change= -9.64% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,263 |change =-1.03% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 6.28% }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yhome, Kekhrielhoulie}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party politicians]]

{{Nagaland-politician-stub}}

Bachan Singh Arya

2026-04-07T01:48:46Z

Theentrepreneur: starting a bio - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bachan Singh Arya
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| term_end = 2009
| constituency = [[Safidon Assembly constituency]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| predecessor = Ram Phal
| successor = Kali Ram Patwari
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| term_end2 = 1996
| constituency2 = [[Safidon Assembly constituency]]
| predecessor2 = Sardul Singh
| successor2 = 
| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|04|05}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| education = M.A. (History)
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website =
| nickname =
}}
'''Bachan Singh Arya''' is an Indian politician and served as [[Minister (government)|Minister]] in [[Government of Haryana]]. He is two terms elected [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] representing [[Safidon Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=बचन सिंह आर्य उत्तराखंड में करेंगे नोटबंदी की खामियों का पर्दाफाश - mobile |url=https://m.haryana.punjabkesari.in/haryana/news/haryana--bachan-singh-arya--notbandi-560034 |website=punjabkesari |date=3 January 2017}}</ref> He won [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Indian National Congress]] and [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] as [[Independent politician|Independent]].<ref>{{cite web |title=दिल्ली में BJP बनाएगी की सरकार, केजरीवाल को करेगी चलता: बच्चन सिंह आर्य |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/haryana/jind-haryana-bachchan-singh-arya-said-bjp-will-form-government-in-delhi-hrrm-2778958.html |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi |date=17 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Safidon (Haryana) Assembly Election Results 2022: Candidate List, Winner, Runner-Up, Latest News and Updates, Videos , Photos |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/safidon-election-results-in-haryana/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Bachan Singh Arya contested the Haryana Legislative Assembly election consecutively in the years [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]], [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]], [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]], [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]], [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]], [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]], and [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]].

==Political career==
[[Bhajan Lal Bishnoi]] was elected Chief Minister and along with him Bachan Singh Arya also took oath as [[Minister of State]] in the [[Haryana Government]]. And as Minister of State departments, Arya was given important departments like Excise and Taxation, Education, Agriculture, and Housing Board.<ref name="bt">{{cite web |title=Bachan Singh Arya: A Political Leader Dedicated to Grassroots Development |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/bachan-singh-arya-a-political-leader-dedicated-to-grassroots-development |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref>

Bachan Singh Arya started his political career after joining the [[Arya Samaj]]. Due to his opposition to social evils, he was sent to jail several times. While living in Arya Samaj and being active in social movements, the brilliance of Bachan Singh Arya's working style was attracting the leaders of political parties as well. During a speech by Bachan Arya in an event in Delhi, the Prime Minister of India at that time [[Rajiv Gandhi]] was so impressed by him and requested Mr. Arya to join Congress Party.<ref>{{cite web |title=BJP has failed to deliver on poll promises: Surjewala in Mewat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/bjp-has-failed-to-deliver-on-poll-promises-surjewala-in-mewat/articleshow/67824306.cms |website=The Times of India |date=4 February 2019}}</ref> And Bachan Singh Arya joined Indian National Congress Party in 1990. As a candidate of INC, he contested his first Lok Sabha Election in 1991 from [[Safidon Assembly constituency]] and won with a margin of 22,030 votes. Arya defeated all his rivals and won with huge votes, But meanwhile Rajiv Gandhi died in a terrorist attack.<ref name="bt"/>

[[Bhajan Lal Bishnoi]] was elected Chief Minister and along with him Bachan Singh Arya also took oath as [[Minister of State]] in the [[Haryana Government]]. And as Minister of State departments, Arya was given important departments like Excise and Taxation, Education, Agriculture, and Housing Board.<ref name="bt"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Former minister Bachan Singh Arya quits BJP, files papers as Independent |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/former-minister-bachan-singh-arya-quits-bjp-files-papers-as-independent-101725734773472.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |date=8 September 2024}}</ref>

==Positions held==

{| class="wikitable"
!From
!To
!Position
|-
|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|[[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
|2005-2009
|-
|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|[[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
|1991-1996
|-
|[[Minister (government)|Minister]]
|[[Haryana Government]]
|1991-1996
|-
|Deputy Leader
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|1993-1996
|-
|State President INC [[Haryana]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|2003-2005
|}

==Electoral performance==
===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] : Safidon<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Subhash Gangoli]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=57,468 |percentage=42.28% |change={{increase}}23.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachan Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=53,810 |percentage=39.58% |change={{increase}}18.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dayanand Kundu |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=7,772 |percentage=5.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbir Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=7,361 |percentage=5.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Saini |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=5,617 |percentage=4.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Bhukal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,036 |percentage=1.50% |change={{decrease}}13.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder Kalwa |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,189 |percentage=0.87% |change={{decrease}}18.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,658 |percentage=2.69% |change= {{increase}}1.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,35,936 |percentage=75.80% |change= {{decrease}}6.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,79,332 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.38 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}20.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] : Safidon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=43,721 |percentage=43.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karmvir Saini |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,077 |percentage=26.15% |change={{decrease}}17.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramphal Kundu |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=17,584 |percentage=17.63% |change={{decrease}}35.3 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Pal Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,557 |percentage=3.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajpal Singh |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes=3,506 |percentage=3.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Subhash Gangoli]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,680 |percentage=1.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardul Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,152 |percentage=1.16% |change={{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naresh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=929 |percentage=0.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karambir |party=Independent politician |votes=537 |percentage=0.54% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,644 |percentage=17.69% |change= {{increase}}7.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,725 |percentage=78.54% |change= {{increase}}4.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,978 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}9.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] : Safidon<ref>{{cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Safidon 1991 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1991/haryana/safidon/31/15849/101 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,030 |percentage=32.10% |change={{increase}}9.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Phal |party=Janata Party |votes=19,433 |percentage=28.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bani Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=8,863 |percentage=12.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhajja Ram |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=7,460 |percentage=10.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Bhaj |party=Independent politician |votes=3,701 |percentage=5.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kumar |party=Kalyan Morcha |votes=1,570 |percentage=2.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,396 |percentage=2.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Chand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,313 |percentage=1.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sultan |party=Independent politician |votes=829 |percentage=1.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jasbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=679 |percentage=0.99% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,597 |percentage=3.78% |change= {{decrease}}36.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=68,633 |percentage=70.35% |change= {{decrease}}0.95 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,01,396 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}30.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Facebook | id= BachanSinghAryaOfficial}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arya, Bachan Singh}}
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2005–2009]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]

Islamic state

2026-03-24T19:15:40Z

Theentrepreneur: corrected layout after review and corrected details

{{short description|Government based on Islamic law}}
{{about|the concept of a state based on [[Sharia|Islamic law]]|the Salafi jihadist organisation|Islamic State|other uses}}
{{distinguish|text=Muslim countries, see [[Muslim world]]}}
{{original research|date=April 2019}}
{{Islamism sidebar|Concepts}}
An '''Islamic state''' has a [[form of government]] based on [[sharia]]. As a term, it has been used to describe various historical [[Polity|polities]] and theories of [[Islamic governance|governance]] in the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]].<ref name=OEIW>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Ayubi|first1=Nazih N.|first2=Nader|last2=Hashemi|first3=Emran|last3=Qureshi|title=Islamic State|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor-last=Esposto|editor-first=John L.|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0394|access-date=2019-04-21|archive-date=2019-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715192403/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0394|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a translation of the Arabic term ''dawlah islāmiyyah'' ({{langx|ar|دولة إسلامية}}) it refers to a modern notion associated with [[political Islam]] ([[Islamism]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Islamic State|first=John L.|last=Esposito|encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2014|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1125|quote=[Islamic State] Modern ideological position associated with political Islam.|access-date=2019-04-21|archive-date=2021-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426113313/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1125|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first=Sohail H.|last=Hashmi|title=Dawla|editor=Richard C. Martin|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World|publisher=MacMillan Reference|year=2004|quote=One also finds in contemporary Islamist writings the neologism ''dawla Islamiyya'', or ''Islamic state''.}}</ref> Notable historical examples include the [[first Islamic state]] in [[Medina]], established by the prophet [[Muhammad]], and the [[Arabs|Arab]] [[Caliphate|caliphates]] which continued under his successors, such as the [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun]] and [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyads]].

The concept of the modern Islamic state has been articulated and promoted by ideologues such as [[Rashid Rida]], [[Mullah Omar]], [[Abul A'la Maududi]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], [[Israr Ahmed]], [[Sayyid Qutb]], [[Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani]] and [[Hassan al-Banna|Hassan al-Banna.]] Implementation of Islamic law plays an important role in modern theories of the Islamic state, as it did in classical Islamic political theories. However, most of the modern theories also make use of notions that did not exist before the modern era.<ref name=OEIW/>

Today, many [[Islamic world|Islamic countries]] have [[Application of Sharia by country|incorporated Islamic law]], wholly or in part, into their [[List of national legal systems|legal system]]s. Certain Muslim states have declared Islam to be their [[state religion]] in their [[constitution]]s, but do not apply Islamic law in their courts. Islamic states that are not Islamic monarchies are mostly [[Islamic republic]]s.

== Historical Islamic states ==

[[Majid Khadduri]] gives six stages of history for the Islamic state:<ref name=khadduri>{{cite book|title=The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar|last=Khadduri|first=Majid|author-link=Majid Khadduri|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|year=1966|chapter=Translator's Introduction|page=19-22}}</ref>

# City-state (622–632)
# Imperial (632–{{circa}} 750)
# Universal ({{circa}} 750–{{circa}} 900)
# Decentralization ({{circa}} 900–{{circa}} 1500)
# Fragmentation ({{circa}} 1500–1918)
# Nation states (1918–present)

=== Early Islamic governments ===

{{main|Caliphate|First Islamic state}}
The [[first Islamic state]] was the political entity established by Muhammad in Medina in 622 CE under the [[Constitution of Medina]]. It represented the political unity of the Muslim ''[[Ummah]]'' (nation). It was subsequently transformed into the [[caliphate]] by Muhammad's disciples, who were known as the Rightly Guided (''[[Rashidun]]'') Caliphs (632–661 CE). The Islamic State significantly expanded under the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] (661–750) and consequently the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1258).

=== Essence of Islamic governments ===
[[File:Religion, its Influence on the State of Society.pdf|thumb|500x500px]]
The essence or guiding principles of an Islamic government or Islamic state is the concept of ''al-[[Shura]]''. Several scholars have different understandings or thoughts, with regard to the concept al-Shura. However, some Muslim scholars are of the opinion that Islamic ''al-Shura'' should consist of the following:<ref>Jeong, Chun Hai; Nawi, Nor Fadzlina. (2007). ''Principles of Public Administration: An Introduction''. Kuala Lumpur: Karisma Publications. {{ISBN|978-983-195-253-5}}.</ref>
* Meeting or consultation that follows the teachings of Islam.
* Consultation following the guidelines of the [[Quran]] and the [[Sunnah]].
* There is a leader elected among them to head the meeting.
* The discussion should be based on ''mushawarah'' and ''mudhakarah''.
* All members are given fair opportunity to voice out their opinions.
* The issue should be of ''maslahah ammah'' or public interest.
* The voices of the majority are accepted, provided it does not violate the teachings of the Quran or Sunnah.

Muhammad himself respected the decision of the shura members. He is the champion of the notion of al-Shura, and this was illustrated in one of the many historical events, such as in the Battle of Khandaq ([[Battle of the Trench]]), where Muhammad was faced with two decisions, i.e. to fight the invading non-Muslim Arab armies outside of Medina or wait until they enter the city. After consultation with the ''[[sahabah]]'' (companions), it was suggested by [[Salman the Persian|Salman al-Farsi]] that it would be better if the Muslims fought the non-Muslim Arabs within Medina by building a big ditch on the northern periphery of Medina to prevent the enemies from entering Medina. This idea was later supported by the majority of the sahabah, and thereafter Muhammad also approved it.

Muhammad placed great emphasis on agreement about the decision of the shura because the majority opinion (by the ''sahabah'') is better than a decision made by one individual.

=== Revival and abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate ===
{{main article|Ottoman Caliphate}}
The Ottoman [[Sultan]], [[Selim I]] (1512–1520) reclaimed the title of caliph which had been in dispute and asserted by a diversity of rulers and shadow caliphs in the centuries of the Abbasid-[[Mamluk]] Caliphate since the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Mongols' sacking of Baghdad]] and the killing of the [[Al-Musta'sim|last Abbasid Caliph]] in Baghdad, Iraq 1258.

The [[Ottoman Caliphate]] as an office of the [[Ottoman Empire]] was abolished under [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] in 1924 as part of [[Atatürk's Reforms]]. This move was most vigorously protested in India, as [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Islam in India|Indian Muslims]] united behind the symbolism of the Ottoman Caliph in the [[Khilafat Movement]] which sought to reinstate the caliph deposed by Atatürk. The movement leveraged the Ottoman resistance against political pressure from [[United Kingdom|Britain]] to abolish the caliphate, connecting it with [[Indian nationalism]] and the [[Indian independence movement|movement for independence from British rule]]. However, the Khilafat found little support from the Muslims of the Middle East themselves who preferred to be independent nation states rather than being under the Ottoman Turkish rule. In the Indian sub-continent, although Gandhi tried to co-opt the Khilafat as a national movement, it soon degenerated into a jihad against non-Muslims, also known as Moplah riots, with thousands being killed in the [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] region of Kerala.<ref>Gail Minault, ''The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India'' (1982).</ref>

== Modern Islamic state==
{{Nationalism sidebar|expanded=all}}
=== Development of the notion of ''dawla'' ===
The Arabic word ''dawla'' comes from the root ''d-w-l'', meaning "to turn, come around in a cyclical fashion". In the [[Quran]], it is used to refer to the nature of human fortunes, alternating between victory and defeat (3:140). This use led Arab writers to apply the word to succession of dynasties, particularly to the overthrow of the [[Umayyad]]s of Damascus by the [[Abbasid]]s.<ref name=hashmi>{{cite encyclopedia|first=Sohail H.|last=Hashmi|title=Dawla|editor=Richard C. Martin|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World|publisher=MacMillan Reference|year=2004}}</ref> The first Abbasid caliphs themselves spoke of "our ''dawla''" in the sense of "our turn/time of success".<ref name=akhavi>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|title=Dawlah|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor-last=Esposito|editor-first=John L.|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009}}</ref> As Abbasids maintained their power, the dynastic sense of ''dawla'' became conflated with their dynastic rule,<ref name=hashmi/> and in later times ''[[al-Dawla]]'' was used across the Islamic world as a honorific title for rulers and high officials.<ref name=akhavi/>

Like their Christian contemporaries, pre-modern Muslims did not generally conceive of the state as an abstract entity distinct from the individual or group who held political power.<ref name=hashmi/> The word ''dawla'' and its derivatives began to acquire modern connotations in the [[Ottoman Empire]] and Iran in the 16th and 17th centuries in the course of diplomatic and commercial exchanges with Europe. During the 19th century, the Arabic ''dawla'' and Turkish ''devlet'' took on all the aspects of the modern notion of state, while the Persian ''davlat'' can mean either state or government.<ref name=akhavi/>

=== Development of the Modern Conception of an Islamic State ===
{{see also|Muhammad Rashid Rida|The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)|Rashid Rida#Islamic Political Theory|Abul A'la Maududi|label 3=Islamic Political Theory of Rashid Rida||Label 2=The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate}}

According to Pakistani scholar of Islamic history Qamaruddin Khan, the term Islamic state "was never used in the theory or practice of Muslim political science, before the twentieth century".<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Concepts in the Quran|publisher=Islamic Book Foundation|last=Khan|first=Qamaruddin|year=1982|location=Lahore|pages=74|quote=The claim that Islam is a harmonious blend of religion and politics is a modern slogan, of which no trace can be found in the past history of Islam. The very term, “Islamic State” was never used in the theory or practice of Muslim political science, before the twentieth century. Also if the first thirty years of Islam were excepted, the historical conduct of Muslim states could hardly be distinguished from that of other states in world history.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Muslim politics|publisher=Princeton University Press|last1=Eickelman|first1=D. F.|last2=Piscatori|first2=J.|year=1996|location=Princeton|pages=53|quote=The Pakistani writer Qamaruddin Khan, for example, has proposed that the political theory of Islam does not arise from the Qur'an but from circumstances and that the state is neither divinely sanctioned nor strictly necessary as a social institution.}}</ref> Sohail H. Hashmi characterizes ''dawla Islamiyya'' as a neologism found in contemporary Islamist writings.<ref name=hashmi/> Islamic theories of the modern notion of state first emerged as a reaction to the abolition of the Ottoman caliphate in 1924. It was also in this context that the famous dictum that Islam is both a religion and a state (''al-Islam din wa dawla'') was first popularized.<ref name=OEIW/>

The modern conception of an Islamic state was first articulated by the Syrian-Egyptian Islamic theologian [[Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā]] (1865–1935). Rashid Rida condemned the 1922 [[abolition of the Ottoman sultanate]], which reduced the ''[[caliphate|khilafa]]'' into a purely spiritual authority soon after [[World War I]]. In his book ''[[The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)|al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-Uzma]]'' (The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate), published in 1922, Rida asserted that the caliphate should have the combined powers of both spiritual and temporal authority. He called for the establishment of an Islamic state led by [[Arabs]], functioning as a ''khilāfat ḍurūrah'' (caliphate of necessity) that upholds ''[[Sharia]]'' and defends its Muslim and non-Muslim subjects.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Islamic State|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0394|editor-last=Esposto|editor-first=John L.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227135511/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0394|archive-date=27 February 2021|last2=Hashemi|first2=Nader|last3=Qureshi|first3=Emran|last1=Ayubi|url-status=dead|first1=Nazih N.}}</ref>

Another important modern conceptualization of the Islamic state is attributed to [[Abul A'la Maududi]] (1903–1979), a Pakistani Muslim theologian who founded the political party [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan]] and inspired other Islamic revolutionaries such as [[Ayatollah]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]].<ref name="autogenerated1996">Nasr, S. V. R. (1996). ''Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism''. Chapter 4. New York: Oxford University Press.</ref> Abul A'la Maududi's early political career was significantly influenced by anti-colonial agitation in India, especially after the tumultuous abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924 stoked anti-British sentiment.<ref>Minault, G. (1982). ''The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India''. New York: Columbia University Press.</ref>

The Islamic state was perceived as a third way between the rival political systems of democracy and socialism, which was also noted by [[Islamic modernism]].<ref>Kurzman, Charles (2002). "Introduction". ''Modernist Islam 1840-1940: A Sourcebook''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> Maududi's seminal writings on [[Islamic economic jurisprudence|Islamic economics]] argued as early as 1941 against [[free-market capitalism]] and [[Interventionism (politics)|state intervention]] in the economy, similar to [[Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr]]'s 1961 ''[[Iqtisaduna|Our Economics]]''. Maududi envisioned the ideal Islamic state as combining the democratic principles of electoral politics with the socialist principles of concern for people with low incomes.<ref>Khir, B. M. "The Islamic Quest for Sociopolitical Justice". In Cavanaugh, W. T.; Scott, P., eds. (2004). ''The Blackwell Companion to Political Theology''. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 503–518.</ref>

== Muslim world today ==
[[File:Islam World.svg|thumb|350x350px]]
Today, many Muslim countries have incorporated—albeit to varying degrees—Islamic law into their legal systems. Certain Muslim states have declared Islam to be their state religion in their constitutions, but do not apply Islamic law in their courts. Islamic states that are not monarchies are usually called Islamic republics,<ref>Elliesie, Hatem. [http://wikis.fu-berlin.de/download/attachments/69533704/Elliesie+Islamic+Modeled+States.pdf "Rule of Law in Islamic Modeled States"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610123146/http://wikis.fu-berlin.de/download/attachments/69533704/Elliesie+Islamic+Modeled+States.pdf |date=2019-06-10 }}. In Koetter, Matthias; Shuppert, Gunnar Folke, eds. (2010). ''Understanding of the Rule of Law in Various Legal Orders of the World: Working Paper Series Nr. 13 of SFB 700: Governance in Limited Areas of Statehood''. Berlin.</ref> such as the Islamic republics of Iran,<ref>Moschtaghi, Ramin. [http://wikis.fu-berlin.de/download/attachments/22347860/Moschtaghi+Iran.pdf?version=3&modificationDate=1309541940000 "Rule of Law in Iran"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612222935/http://wikis.fu-berlin.de/download/attachments/22347860/Moschtaghi+Iran.pdf?version=3&modificationDate=1309541940000 |date=2019-06-12 }}. In Koetter, Matthias; Shuppert, Gunnar Folke, eds. (2010). ''Understanding of the Rule of Law in Various Legal Orders of the World: Working Paper Series Nr. 13 of SFB 700: Governance in Limited Areas of Statehood''. Berlin.</ref> [[Pakistan]], and [[Mauritania]]. Pakistan adopted the title under the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|constitution of 1956]]; [[Mauritania]] adopted it on 28 November 1958; and Iran adopted it after the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Revolution]] that overthrew the [[Pahlavi dynasty]]. The Iranian form of government is known as a [[Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists]]. Afghanistan was run as an Islamic state ([[Islamic State of Afghanistan]]) in the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|post-communist]] era after 1992; it was a [[de facto]] Islamic totalitarian state under the [[Taliban]] ([[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]]) in areas controlled by the group from 1996 to its 2001 overthrow. The country was known as the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] between 2004 and 15 August 2021, when a [[2021 Taliban offensive|Taliban offensive]] resulted in a return to Islamic totalitarianism.

[[Pan-Islamism]] is a form of Internationalism and anti-nationalism within [[Political aspects of Islam|political Islam]] which advocates the unification of the Muslim world under a single Islamic state, often described as a caliphate or ummah. The most famous, powerful and aggressive modern pan-Islamic group that pursues the objective of unifying the Muslim world and establishing a worldwide caliphate is the Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist movement [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]].

The [[Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration]] as of 3 August 2011 declared Islam to be the official religion of Libya.

=== Brunei ===
[[Brunei]] is an absolute Islamic monarchy. With the constitution in 1959, Islam became the official religion of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bt.com.bn/art-culture/2010/03/08/golden-history-islam-brunei |title=The golden history of Islam in Brunei | the Brunei Times |access-date=2015-10-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003072346/http://www.bt.com.bn/art-culture/2010/03/08/golden-history-islam-brunei |archive-date=2015-10-03 }}</ref>

=== Iran ===
Leading up to the [[Iranian Revolution of 1979]], many of the highest-ranking clergy in Shia Islam held to the standard doctrine of the [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Imamate]], which allows political rule only by Muhammad or one of his true successors. They were opposed to creating an Islamic state (see Ayatollah [[Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi|Ha'eri Yazdi]] (Khomeini's own teacher), Ayatollah [[Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi|Borujerdi]], [[Marja'|Grand Ayatollah]] [[Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari|Shariatmadari]], and Grand Ayatollah [[Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]]).<ref>Chehabi, H. E. (Summer 1991). [https://www.jstor.org/pss/20025388 "Religion and Politics In Iran: How Theocratic is the Islamic Republic?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126225016/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20025388 |date=2020-01-26 }} ''Daedalus''. '''120'''. (3). pp. 69-91.</ref> Contemporary theologians who were once part of the Iranian Revolution also became disenchanted and critical of the unity of religion and state in the Islamic Republic of Iran, are advocating [[secularization]] of the state to preserve the purity of the Islamic faith (see [[Abdolkarim Soroush]] and [[Mohsen Kadivar]]).<ref>Kurzman, Charles (Winter 2001). [http://www.drsoroush.com/PDF/E-CMO-20010100-Kurzman_Critics_Within.pdf "Critics Within: Islamic Scholars' Protest Against the Islamic State in Iran"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808093457/http://www.drsoroush.com/PDF/E-CMO-20010100-Kurzman_Critics_Within.pdf |date=2017-08-08 }}. ''International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society''. '''15''' (2).</ref>

Per Supreme leader, Islamic state is the 3rd phase of Iranian Islamic Republic program and is in and of itself part of [[New Islamic Civilization]].<ref>[https://tssq.atu.ac.ir/article_15736_e34468fcbcda5fc1fa7bc13a22b11adb.pdf The Foundations and Indicators of the Islamic State from the Perspective of Majestic Ayatollah Khamenei] The State Studies Quarterly
Vol 9, No. 33, 2023, pp 195-222.</ref>

=== Saudi Arabia ===

[[Saudi Arabia]] is an Islamic absolute monarchy. The [[Basic Law of Saudi Arabia]] contains many characteristics of what might be called a constitution in other countries. However, the [[Qur'an]] and the [[Sunnah]] is declared to be the official constitution of the country which is governed on the basis of [[Sharia|Islamic law (Shari'a)]]. The [[Allegiance Council]] is responsible to determine the new King and the new Crown Prince. All citizens of full age have a right to attend, meet, and petition the king directly through the traditional tribal meeting known as the [[majlis]].<ref name=Cavendish>{{cite book |title=World and Its Peoples: the Arabian Peninsula |author=Marshall Cavendish |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7614-7571-2 |pages=92–93 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |url=https://archive.org/details/worlditspeoplesm0000unse |url-access=limited }}</ref>

=== Yemen ===

The [[Constitution of Yemen]] declares that [[Islam]] is the [[state religion]], and that [[Shari'a]] (Islamic law) is the source of all legislation.

=== Mauritania ===

The [[Islamic Republic of Mauritania]] is a country in the [[Maghreb]] region of western [[North Africa]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East|year=2009|page=448|isbn=978-1438126760|quote=The Islamic Republic of Mauritania, situated in western North Africa [...].}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Seddon|title=A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East|year=2004|quote=We have, by contrast, chosen to include the predominantly Arabic-speaking countries of western North Africa (the Maghreb), including Mauritania (which is a member of the Arab Maghreb Union) [...].}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Mohamed|last=Branine|title=Managing Across Cultures: Concepts, Policies and Practices|year=2011|page=437|quote=The Magrebian countries or the Arab countries of western North Africa (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia) [...].}}</ref> Mauritania was declared an independent state as the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, on November 28, 1960.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |title=History of Mauritania |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mauritania/History |website=Britannica |access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref> The Constitutional Charter of 1985 declares Islam as the state religion and [[sharia]] the law of the land.

=== Pakistan ===
[[Pakistan]] was created as a separate state for Indian Muslims in [[British Raj|British India]] in 1947, and followed the parliamentary form of democracy. In 1949, the first [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]] passed the [[Objectives Resolution]] which envisaged an official role for Islam as the state religion to make sure any future law should not violate its basic teachings. On the whole, the state retained most of the laws that were inherited from the British legal code that had been enforced by the British Raj since the 19th century. In 1956, the elected parliament formally adopted the name Islamic Republic of Pakistan, declaring Islam as the official religion.

=== Afghanistan ===
After the fall of [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] (Soviet occupation), Afghanistan has gone through several attempts to set up an Islamic state:
*[[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] (1992–2002)
*[[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)]]
*[[Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan]] (2002–2004)
*[[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] (2004–2021)
*[[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] (2021–present)

=== Syria ===
[[Syria]] was previously ruled by its [[Ba'athist Syria|Ba'athist regime]] from 1963 until 2024 when it [[Fall of the Assad regime|collapsed]]. Following the fall of the Assad regime, the Islamist [[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham]] (HTS) declared Syria an Islamic state from 2025 which it will govern for five years under its [[2025 Interim Constitution of Syria|temporary constitution]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2025 |title=Syria forms committee to draft constitutional declaration for country's transition |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/syria-forms-committee-to-draft-constitutional-declaration-for-country-s-transition/3498058 |access-date=13 March 2025 |website=Anadolu Agency}}</ref><ref name="CNN20250313">{{Cite news |title=Syrian leader signs constitution that puts the country under an Islamist group's rule for 5 years |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/13/middleeast/syria-constitution-ap-intl/index.html |access-date=13 March 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref name="WP20250313">{{Cite news |date=13 March 2025 |title=Syrian leader signs constitution that puts the country under an Islamist group's rule for 5 years |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/03/13/syria-constitution-assad-alsharaa/be14baa8-000a-11f0-b7a7-d938159de2bc_story.html |access-date=13 March 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Syed Farid al-Attas]]
* [[Central Waqf Council]]
* [[Christian state]]
* [[Former Salafist states in Afghanistan]]
* [[Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist]]
* [[Halachic state]] – Jewish state governed by rabbinical law (halakha)
* [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]]
* [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]]
* [[Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan]]
* [[Islamic State]]
* [[Islamic State of Azawad]] – a former short-lived unrecognised state declared unilaterally in 2012 by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
* [[Islamic State of Indonesia]] – (Negara Islam Indonesia or Darul Islam), Islamist group in Indonesia that aims for the establishment of an Islamic state of Indonesia (an unrecognised state)
* {{section link|Theocracy|Islamic theocracies}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* Ankerl, Guy (2000). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200808004453/https://books.google.com/books/about/Coexisting_Contemporary_Civilizations.html?id=hzr4-09oo3MC Contemporary Coexisting Civilizations. Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western]''. Geneva: INUPress. pp. 5001. {{ISBN|2-88155-004-5}}.

== External links ==
* [https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2008/05/01/why-islamic-states-would-be-bad-for-muslims Why the Islamic States Would Be Bad for Muslims]

{{Islamic state}}
{{Islam topics}}
{{relpolnav}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Islamic State}}
[[Category:Theocracy]]
[[Category:Islamic states| ]]
[[Category:Islamism]]
[[Category:Islam and government|State]]

Gujarat Lokayukta

2026-03-24T09:28:04Z

Theentrepreneur: stub!

{{Short description|Parliamentary ombudsman of Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Gujarat
| nativename =
| nativenamea =
| nativenamer =
| commonname =
| patch =
| patchcaption =
| logo =
| logocaption =
| badge =
| badgecaption =
| flag =
| flagcaption =
| image_size =
| motto =
| mottotranslated =
| mission =
| formed = 1986
| preceding1 =
| employees =
| volunteers =
| budget =
| country = India
| federal = No
| map =
| mapcaption =
| sizearea =
| sizepopulation =
| legaljuris =
| governingbody =
| governingbodyscnd =
| constitution1 =
| restriction =
| overviewtype =
| overviewbody =
| headquarters = Lokayukt Bhavan, Sector-10B, Opp. Sector-21 Police Station, Gandhinagar.(079)-23255753. arlok@gujarat.gov.in
| hqlocmap =
| hqlocleft =
| hqloctop =
| hqlocmappoptitle =
| sworntype =
| sworn =
| unsworntype =
| unsworn =
| electeetype = india

| minister1name =
| minister1pfo =
| chief1name = Hon’ble Justice R H Shukla.
| chief1position =
| parentagency =
| website =
| child1agency =
| unittype =
| unitname =
| officetype =
| officename =
| stationtype =
| stations =
}}

'''Gujarat Lokayukta''' is the [[Parliamentary Ombudsman]] for the state of [[Gujarat]] ([[India]]). It is a high level statutory functionary, created to address grievances of the public against ministers, legislators, administration and public servants in issues related to misuse of power, mal-administration and corruption. It was first formed under the Gujarat Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayukta Act, and approved by the [[president of India]] in 1986. With [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]] adopted by the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] coming into force as a law on 16 January 2014, each state in India was required to appoint its [[Lokayukta]] within a year.<ref name="Bihar Lok Ref3">{{cite news |last1=Seetharaman |first1=G. |title=Delay in the appointment of Lokpal & Lokayukta: Who will bell the graft? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-there-is-no-lokpal-at-centre-and-lokayukta-in-many-states/articleshow/66570168.cms |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=10 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Bihar Lok Ref4">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha passes landmark Lokpal Bill |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/lok-sabha-passes-landmark-lokpal-bill/article20701403.ece1 |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=businessline |date=12 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref> A bench of Lokayukta should consist of judicial and non-judicial members.<ref name="Bihar Lok Ref5">{{cite news |title=Only four states have appointed judicial, non-judicial members of Lokayukta, says report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/only-four-states-have-appointed-judicial-non-judicial-members-of-lokayukta-says-report/articleshow/79627314.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=8 December 2020}}</ref> An Upa-Lokayukta is a deputy to Lokayukta and assists with her or his work and acts as the in-charge Lokayukta in case the position falls vacant before time.

A [[Lokayukta]] of the state is appointed to office by the state [[Governor]] after consulting the committee consisting of State [[Chief Minister]], [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of Legislative Assembly, [[Leader of Opposition]], Chairman of Legislative Council and Leader of Opposition of Legislative Council and cannot be removed from office except for reasons specified in the Act and will serve the period of five years.

== History and administration ==

Gujarat Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayukta was approved by its Legislative Assembly in 1986.<ref name="Gujarat Lok Ref1">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Lokayukta |url=https://lokayukta.gujarat.gov.in/ |website=lokayukta.gujarat.gov.in}}</ref> Gujarat Lokayukta bill was passed with amendments in year 2013<ref name="Gujarat LokRef13">{{cite news |title=Gujarat lokayukta holds up Parliament |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/gujarat-lokayukta-holds-up-parliament/story-MXOofKV3CVXhmAbDHRvs2N.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=30 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> but was not accepted by Governor as the bill made provision for a six-member committee headed by Chief Minister to appoint Lokayukta.<ref name="Gujarat LokRef2">{{cite news |title=Gujarat house passes new Lokayukta bill for the second time |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/DUERld6FkAW4vicLqO8Z8I/Gujarat-house-passes-new-Lokayukta-bill-for-the-second-time.html |access-date=8 September 2021 |publisher=mint |date=1 October 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat LokRef8">{{cite news |title=Retd Justice Mehta declines to take over as Gujarat Lokayukta |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/retd-justice-mehta-declines-to-take-over-as-gujarat-lokayukta-113080700464_1.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=7 August 2013}}</ref> Gujarat Governor had appointed the Lokayukta in 2013 after consulting the serving Chief Justice of [[Gujarat High Court]] but was not accepted by the State Government. Later the [[Supreme Court of India]] upheld the appointment but the appointed Lokayukta Mr Justice (retd) R A Mehta did not take the charge.<ref name="Gujarat LokRef9">{{cite news |last1=G |first1=Pti |title=Will implement SC judgement on Lokayukta soon: Gujarat govt |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/gujarat-lokayukta-narendra-modi-goverrment-to-implement-supreme-court-judgement-150620-2013-01-02 |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=India Today |date=2 January 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat LokRef10">{{cite news |last1=Dave |first1=Kapil |title=Justice R A Mehta refuses to take charge as Gujarat Lokayukta {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/justice-r-a-mehta-refuses-to-take-charge-as-gujarat-lokayukta/articleshow/21673091.cms |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=7 August 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat LokRef11">{{cite news |title=SC upholds Justice Mehta's appointment as Gujarat Lokayukta |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sc-upholds-justice-mehta-s-appointment-as-gujarat-lokayukta-19415.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=indiatvnews.com |date=2 January 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

== Oath or affirmation ==

{{Blockquote|"I, <name>, having been appointed Lokayukta (or Upa-Lokayukta) do swear in the name of God (or solemnly affirm) that I will bear faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgment perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will."|First Schedule, Gujarat Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayuktas Act, 1986}}

== Powers ==

Lokayukta for the state of Gujarat has got powers to investigate complaints of corruption by the general public against public officials such as the chief minister of state, deputy CM of the state, ministers of state, government company chairman, of a and university vice-chancellor and others mentioned in the Act.<ref name="Gujarat LokRef6">{{cite news |title=Justice Rajesh Shukla sworn-in as new Gujarat Lokayukta |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/23/bes17-gj-lokayukta.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=The Week |date=23 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Gujarat Lokayukta Act says that Lokayukta has independent powers to investigate and prosecute any government official or public servants of all grades, who are covered by the act and against whom the complaint is received for abusing his authority for self interest or causes hurt to anyone or any action done intentionally or following corrupt practices negatively impacting the state or individual.

== Appointment and tenure ==

Justice (retd.) Rajesh H Shukla, an ex-judge of Gujarat High Court was appointed as the fifth Lokayukta for the State of Gujarat.<ref name="Gujarat LokRef3">{{cite news |title=Retired Gujarat High Court Judge, Justice (retd.) Rajesh Shukla sworn in as Gujarat Lokayukta |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/retired-gujarat-high-court-judge-justice-retd-rajesh-shukla-sworn-in-as-gujarat-lokayukta |access-date=8 September 2021 |publisher=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat LokRef6"/>

In 2013, Justice (Retired) R A Mehta though appointed as Lokayukta of the state refused to take charge due to differences with the State Government.<ref name="Gujarat LokRef5">{{cite news |title=Justice R A Mehta refuses to take charge as Lokayukta of Gujarat |url=https://www.livelaw.in/justice-r-a-mehta-refuses-to-take-charge-as-lokayukta-of-gujarat/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=livelaw.in |date=7 August 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Index !!Name !! Holding charge from !! Holding charge to
|-
| 1
| DH Shukla
| 26 July 1988
| 25 July 1993
|-
| 2
| IC Bhatt
| 10 November 1993
| 9 November 1998
|-
| 3
| SM Soni
| 25 November 1998
| 24 November 2003
|-
| 4
| D P Buch.<ref name="Gujarat LokRef4">{{cite news |title=Gujarat gets Lokayukta after a decade |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/gujarat-gets-lokayukta-after-a-decade/20131211.htm |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
| 11 December 2013
| 11 December 2018
|-
| 5
| Justice Rajesh Shukla
| 23 June 2020
|
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Lokayukta]]
* [[Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013|Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013]]
* [[Delhi Lokayukta]]
* [[Himachal Pradesh Lokayukta]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Lokayukta]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://lokayukta.gujarat.gov.in official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908112524/https://lokayukta.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=2021-09-08 }}


[[Category:Government of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Lokayuktas]]

Sangeet Marathi

2026-03-16T21:11:08Z

Theentrepreneur: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Media Worldwide Limited#Owned channels]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
{{R to section}}
}}

Zabina Khan

2026-03-16T19:41:15Z

Theentrepreneur: new initial stub w/ refs

{{short description|Indian model and beauty queen (born 1984)}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Zabina Khan
| birth_name = Zabina Abdul Rashid Khan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|12|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Model, actress, director
| alias = Zabyn, Zabyn Khan
| title = {{ubl|[[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest|Gladrags Megamodel Tourism Queen 2004]]|Miss Tourism Queen International 2004}}
| competitions = Miss Tourism Queen International 2004
| height = 1.75 m
}}
'''Zabina Khan''', also known as '''Zabyn Khan''' (born 12 December 1984), is an Indian model, beauty queen, actress, assistant director.<ref>{{cite web|title=2004 Miss Tourism Queen International|url=http://misstourismqueenintltitleholders.blogspot.in/2012/07/2004-miss-tourism-queen-international.html|work=blogspot.in|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Miss Tourism Queen International 2004 Contest|url=http://www.rmhb.com.cn/chpic/htdocs/english/content/200409/5-3.htm|work=rmbh.com.cn|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042956/http://www.rmhb.com.cn/chpic/htdocs/english/content/200409/5-3.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Miss Tourism Queen International|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-06/30/content_344307.htm|work=chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> She was crowned the first Miss Tourism Queen International in the year 2004.

==Early life and career==
Born in India on December 12, 1984 to a Muslim family.

At the age of 19, she competed in [[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest]] in 2004 and was selected to compete in the first edition of Miss Tourism Queen International. She also competed in the first edition of Miss Tourism Queen International held in China in 2004 and was declared the eventual winner. She is the first ever winner in the pageant's history.

Zabina aka Zabyn Khan is an actress and assistant director, known for Hulchul (2004), Aashiq Banaya Aapne (2005), Ek Hasina Ek Khiladi (2005), Bluffmaster (2005), Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu (2006), Godava (2007), Jagadam (2007), Panga Na Lo (2007), Villu (2008), Sanchalam (2011), Shivajinagar (2014). Assistant director for Action Jackson (2014), Solo (2017), Navrasa (2021)

She is currently working as Entertainment Director for Big Daddy casino and Strike Casino, Goa known for her shows Our Stage your Talent (2019).

Big Bash (2018 - 2022), Freedom Fiesta (2018 - 2021)

==References==
{{Reflist}}4. https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1930298/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0

5. https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Big-Daddy-entertainment-to-hold-first-edition-of-%E2%80%98Our-Stage-Your-Talent%E2%80%99-for-Goans/150061

6.https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/09/09/magazines/bnc/countdown-to-the-our-stage-your-talent-competition/

==External links==
* [http://www.misstqi.com/ Miss Tourism Queen International Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831070345/http://www.misstqi.com/ |date=31 August 2009 }}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before=---}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Gladrags Manhunt and Megamodel Contest|Gladrags Megamodel Tourism Queen]]
|years=[[Miss India Tourism Pageant|2004]]}}
{{S-aft|after=Neha Oberoi}}
{{S-bef|before=---}}
{{s-ttl|title=Miss Tourism Queen International
|years=2004}}
{{S-aft|after={{Flagicon|Greece}} Nikoletta Ralli}}
{{S-end}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Zabina}}
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]

{{India-bio-stub}}
{{Asia-pageant-bio-stub}}

Reach for the Stars (Indian TV series)

2026-03-12T09:48:45Z

Theentrepreneur: Made First Article W/ Refs...

{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| starring = [[Rachana Parulkar]]
[[Asha Negi]]
[[Ashish Chaudhary]]
[[Shilpa Shirodkar]]
| country = India
| num_episodes = 
| network = [[Zee World]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2017|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2017}}
}}
'''''Reach For The Stars''''' is a Hindi dubbed [[television series]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mogeni |first=Rodah |date=2020-11-24 |title=Reach for the Stars Zee World cast, plot summary, full story, teasers - Briefly.co.za |url=https://briefly.co.za/87707-reach-stars-zee-world-cast-plot-summary-full-story-teasers.html |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=briefly.co.za |language=en}}</ref> It originally aired on [[Zee TV]] as ''[[Ek Mutthi Aasmaan]]'' between 2013 and 2014, and is dubbed in [[English language|English]] on [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Zee World]] in 2017. It starred [[Rachana Parulkar]], [[Asha Negi]], [[Ashish Chaudhary]] and [[Shilpa Shirodkar]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yekdrD05XOs |title=Zee World: Reach For The Stars - June W1 2017 |date=2017-06-07 |last=Zee World Africa |access-date=2026-03-11 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
Reach for the stars follows the story of Kalpana "Kalpi" Jadhav (Rachana Parulkar) and Raghav Singhania (Ashish Chaudhary), as their paths cross on a journey of self improvement. Kalpi is the daughter of a maid, Kamla Jadhav (Shilpa Shirodkar), and a mill worker, Vitthal Jadhav (Mohit Dagga). Her mother's dream is to become a part of the middle class so she works tirelessly. Kalpana selflessly loves her mother, but is deprived of her love and attention because Kamla is always busy looking after family members of her employers, mostly Pakhi Kapoor (Shirina Singh).

Raghav Singhania is a rich businessman whose mission is to take revenge from the Kapoors who murdered his father. Raghav has always been in debt to Kamla as she helped him escape from the Kapoors who wanted to adopt him and take away all his wealth. He becomes attracted to Kalpi's sweet, simple and caring nature and falls in love with her. Eventually, Kalpana recognizes Raghav's feelings and reciprocates. Raghav and Kalpana fall in love, and with the blessing of their parents, plan their wedding.

On the day of his wedding to Kalpi, Raghav marries Pakhi Kapoor instead. Eventually, Raghav realizes his mistake but cannot rectify it because his mother, Gauri, wants him to use his marriage to Pakhi in her plans against the Kapoors. In order to prove his love for Kalpi, he marries her by putting the sindoor on her forehead in a temple.

Paakhi hires goons to kidnap Kalpi and keep her in a remote location. Later, Raghav learns where Paakhi is hiding Kalpi and rescues her. A car chase ensues in which the car drives off a cliff and blows up. Some fishermen find Kalpi in the river and take her to a hospital; Raghav is still missing. While in the hospital, Dhiraj Diwan is depressed over his niece Suhana's (Asha Negi) death. When he hears how Kalpi's face has been burned and that she has lost her memory, he requests the doctor to perform a plastic surgery procedure to make Kalpi look like Suhana. The surgery is successful. Suhana has flashbacks of her real family, the accident and struggles to believe she is indeed Suhana Diwan.

On the day Suhana is to marry Aryan (Kunal Varma), she realizes that she is Kalpi and she marries Raghav instead.

== Cast ==
* [[Rachana Parulkar]]/[[Asha Negi]] as Kalpana/Suhana
* [[Ashish Chaudhary]] as Raghav
* [[Shilpa Shirodkar]] as Kamla
* Mohit Dagga as Vittal
* Shireena Sambyal as Pakhi

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian television series]]

West Bengal cuisine

2026-03-03T12:14:21Z

Theentrepreneur: new a info initial version - done

{{Short description|Culinary traditions of West Bengal, India}}
{{multiple image |perrow=2/2|total_width=380|caption_align=left|image_style=border:none;|background color=#F7E7CE
| image1 =Bengali traditional food.jpg
| image2 =Bengali vegetarian thali.jpg
| footer = From West Bengal, a fancy arrangement of Bengali food, (''left'') and Bengali vegetarian meal (''right'').}}

The '''cuisine of West Bengal''' encompasses the cooking styles, traditions, and recipes associated with the modern [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It has its own distinct characteristics, but it is very similar to the wider [[Bengali cuisine|Bengali]] and [[Indian cuisine]], partly historically and partly due to the import of ingredients and ideas from other regions of India and from foreign lands during the time of the [[British Raj]].{{sfn|Murshid|2018|pp=582–587}} The cuisine of West Bengal is largely composed of Bengali cuisine, but also includes the cuisines of smaller ethnic groups and indigenous peoples.

Some traditional meals, such as rice and fried fish and ''[[Machher Jhol]]''(or [[fish]] [[curry]]), kosha mangsho, vegetables, and various dishes of fresh water and salt water fish.{{sfn|Ray|1993|p=578}} The various plaques found at [[Chandraketugarh]], the ''[[Brihaddharma Purana]]'', the ''[[Mangal-Kāvya]]'', Bengali cuisine and food habits and food items of the people of West Bengal can be traced back to the roots.<ref name="Majumdar">{{cite news |last1=Majumdar |first1=Antara |title=ঘটি-বাঙালের পাতে মৎস্যই ন্যায় |trans-title=Fish is the right thing to have on the plate of the Ghoti-Bangal. |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/recipes/fish-and-prawn/mouth-watering-fishes-recipes-of-bengali-cuisine-1.1019913 |access-date=11 December 2024 |work=Aanadabazar Patrika |agency=ABP |date=20 July 2019 |language=bn |quote=চন্দ্রকেতুগড়ে ১৭০০ বছরের পুরনো মাছের ছবি খোদাই করা ফলক পাওয়া গিয়েছে।|trans-quote=A 1700-year-old plaque with a fish image has been found at [[Chandraketugarh]].}}</ref>

The cuisine of West Bengal has been influenced by foreign ingredients and cooking styles since the Middle Ages, mainly during the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal rule]]. [[Biryani]] was introduced to West Bengal by the Mughals, and the Chinese food arrived in [[Kolkata]] through the Chinese community. However, the localization of foreign food items occurred through Bengali cooking styles and ingredients.<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite news |title=Cooking up cross-border bites |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cooking-up-cross-border-bites/cid/1661359 |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=28 April 2005}}</ref>

== Characteristics ==
Modern cuisine in West Bengal has gradually become distant from ancient and medieval cuisine, one of the reasons for this is the cuisine of different cultures that have arrived in West Bengal at different times. However, items such as rice, fish, and [[vegetable]] existed in ancient times; which are popular for creating historical continuity between historical and modern cuisine. In the southern part of West Bengal, especially in the [[Rarh region]], the use of oil and spicy in food is less than in [[East Bengal]]. West Bengal's cuisines are highly influenced by the cooking of the [[Tagore family|Tagore household]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The 'chalk and cheese' cuisine of East and West Bengal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/the-chalk-and-cheese-cuisine-of-east-and-west-bengal/articleshow/61512029.cms?from=mdr |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=The Economictime Times |date=5 November 2017}}</ref> Watery vegetable Soup are popular in the hilly areas, including Darjeeling, and steam is used to prepare food.<ref name=d>{{cite web |title=Culture & Heritage |url=https://darjeeling.gov.in/culture-heritage/ |publisher=Darjeeling District Administration |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="Aanadabazar1"/>

The cuisine of West Bengal has been influenced by Portuguese, Mughal, and British ingredients. The cuisine of West Bengal is less influenced by Mughal cuisine than [[Dhaka]] as well as East Bengal.<ref name="Sen">{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Rajyasree |title=East or west, which Bengali cuisine is the best? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/east-or-west-which-bengali-cuisine-is-the-best-9527323/ |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=23 August 2024 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> However, it is believed that [[Indian Chinese cuisine]] originated in Kolkata, which is a variation of the cuisine of West Bengal. The influence of [[Tibetan cuisine|Tibetan]] and [[Nepalese cuisine|Nepalese]] cooking styles is prominent in the hilly regions.<ref name=d/><ref name="Aanadabazar1">{{cite news |title=উত্তর বাংলার স্থানীয় খাবারের স্বাদ নেননি! পুজোয় ও দিকে গেলে এ বারেই নিয়ে ফেলুন |trans-title=Haven't tasted the local food of North Bengal! If you go there for [[Durga Puja|Puja]], take it this time|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/ananda-utsav/food-and-recipes/learn-about-the-north-bengal-delicacies-that-can-tempt-your-palate-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1456837 |access-date=11 December 2024 |work=Aanadabazar Patrika |agency=ABP |date=2 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Dishes ==
There are many food items that can be considered West Bengal's (broadly Bengali) dishes due to their ingredients, there are some which are quintessentially West Bengal. Dishes like ''[[Gobindobhog]] [[rice|chaler]] [[payesh]]''; sweets dishes like ''Kolkatar rasogolla'', [[Sarbhaja]]-[[Sarpuria]], [[Lyangcha]], Komolabhog; various types of [[Sandesh (confectionery)|sandesh]] including Jolbhora; Aloo Posto, Dhokar dalna, [[Gohona Bori]] are considered to be symbols of the cuisine of West Bengal.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="130" caption="Familiarn dishes of West Bengal">
File:Payesh-Kolkata-West Bengal.jpg|''Payesh'' is a type of pudding from West Bengal.
File:Gohona Bori-DSC 9052.jpg|Gohona Bori
File:Shorbhaja.jpg|Shorbhaja is a Bengali sweet from the city of [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], West Bengal which is made with layers of thickened milk cream, fried and then dipped in sugar syrup.
File:Jolbhora Sondesh.jpg|''Jolbhora'' Sondesh
File:Rasgulla - Kolkata 2011-08-02 4547.JPG|The spongy, white rôśôgolla is believed to have been introduced in present-day West Bengal in 1868 by a Kolkata-based confectioner named [[Nobin Chandra Das]].
File:Pithe Puli - Home - Kolkata - West Bengal.jpg|[[Pitha|Pithe Puli]]
File:Luchi Alur Torkari - Home - Kolkata - West Bengal.jpg|[[Luchi]] Alur Torkari
File:Darjeeling, India, Darjeeling tea in variety, Black tea.jpg|[[Darjeeling tea]] in varieties.
File:Red Ant Eggs Chutney - Traditional Santal Food Mela - 11th Museum Day Celebration - Museum Of Santal Culture - Birbhum 2024-12-08 02998.jpg|''[[Red Ant Chutney|Hao Rit]]'' is a traditional condiment from [[Santal people|Santal]] community
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[bengali vegetarian cuisine]]
* [[Culture of Darjeeling]]

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book |last=Murshid |first=Ghulam |date=2018 |title=Bengali Culture: Over a Thousand Years |publisher=Niyogi Books}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Niharranjan |title=বাঙ্গালীর ইতিহাস: আদি পর্ব |script-title=bn:Bāṅgālīra itihāsa: Ādiparba |trans-title=History of Bengalis: Early Phases |date=1993 |publisher=Dey's Publishing |location=Kolkata |isbn=81-7079-270-3 |edition=Dey's [3rd] |url=https://ia801203.us.archive.org/8/items/BangalirItihasAdiparbaByNiharranjanRoy/Bangalir%20Itihas%20Adiparba%20by%20Niharranjan%20Roy.pdf |access-date=10 December 2024 |language=bn}}

{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:West Bengal cuisine| ]]

Naan Than Bala

2026-03-03T03:31:53Z

Theentrepreneur: put up a stub from scratch

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by Kannan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naan Than Bala
| image = Naan thaan bala.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| director = Kannan
| producer = J. A. Lawrence
| writer =
| starring = [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] [[Shwetha Bandekar]] Venkatraj J
| music = Venkat Krishi
| cinematography = Azhagiya Manavalan
| studio = SSS Entertainments
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2014|06|13|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Naan Than Bala''''' ({{Translation|''I am Bala''}}) is a 2014 Tamil-language [[drama film]] directed by Kannan and produced by J. A. Lawrence under SSS Entertainments. [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] plays the film's lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MOVIEBUZZ |title=Vivek starts 'Naan Thaan Bala' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vivek-starts-naan-thaan-bala-news-tamil-nm2l78fjjhh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229035648/http://www.sify.com/movies/vivek-starts-naan-thaan-bala-news-tamil-nm2l78fjjhh.html |archive-date=29 December 2013 |access-date=2 January 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film released on 13 June 2014.

==Plot==
Bala, a poor priest, lives in an [[agraharam]] in [[Kumbakonam]], looking after his aged parents and performing [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] at a Perumal temple. Circumstances force him to accept help from a hired killer named Poochi to save his father from a jail sentence. Life takes an unfortunate turn for Bala. Unable to bear the taunts of the neighbours, Bala's parents commit [[suicide]]. Bala is forced to leave the agraharam. He begins a new life with Poochi in [[Kancheepuram]]. Vaishali, a young [[Saurashtra people|Saurashtrian]] who sells poli on the streets, comes into Bala's life.<ref name=":0" /> Soon they get engaged. Meanwhile, a close friendship develops between Bala and Poochi. Bala learns of Poochi's true identity. The police are desperate to hunt down Poochi. Bala is a good influence on Poochi, and he reforms a cold-hearted killer. The second half is all about whether their friendship survives this war of principles.

==Cast==
{{div col}}
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Bala
* Venkatraj J as Poochi
* [[Shwetha Bandekar]] as Vaishali
* [[Cell Murugan]] as Thomas Alva Edison
* [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]] as Kattooran
* [[Lavanya (actress)|Lavanya]]
* [[Sujatha Sivakumar]]
* [[Mayilsamy]]
* Ganesh Gopalan as Auto Driver
{{div col end}}

==Production==
Kannan had approached Vivek with the script and the team began preliminary work in June 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feels privileged to work with Kalam: Vivek |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-11/news-interviews/40513531_1_vivek-singam-2-p-j-abdul-kalam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021085609/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-11/news-interviews/40513531_1_vivek-singam-2-p-j-abdul-kalam |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=2 January 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In November 2013, Vivek confirmed filming had started and stated he would portray the role of a Hindu priest at a Perumal temple in Kumbakonam, who gets into a relationship with a local thug. He said that he opted to move away from his usual comedy roles after being advised by director [[Bala (director)|Bala]] and [[Kamal Haasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivek to take the serious route! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vivek-to-take-the-serious-route-news-tamil-nlvjXyggfje.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129190539/http://www.sify.com/movies/vivek-to-take-the-serious-route-news-tamil-nlvjXyggfje.html |archive-date=29 November 2013 |access-date=2 January 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> During production, the media wrongly reported that [[R. Kannan]] who had made ''[[Settai (2013 film)|Settai]]'' (2013) was director of the film. He later clarified it was not him but R. Kannan, who is the younger brother of screenwriter [[R. Selvaraj (screenwriter)|R. Selvaraj]], and who previously directed ''[[Raasaiyya]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion over who is Vivek's director! |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-27/news-interviews/45625519_1_vivek-film-r-kannan-hindu-priest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230091228/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-27/news-interviews/45625519_1_vivek-film-r-kannan-hindu-priest |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=2 January 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song title !! Singers !! Lyricist
|-
| "Thiru Vai" || [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
| "Uyire Unakkaga" ||[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]|| [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| "Amma Romba" || Baby Lokeswari Prabhu || [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| "Ariyama" || [[Madhu Balakrishnan]] || [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| "Bhojanam" || [[Priya Sisters|Priya sisters]]|| Traditional
|-
| "Kanmani Penmani" || [[Priya Sisters|Priya sisters]]|| [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| "Eruna Rayiluthan" || [[Haricharan]], [[Suchitra]] || Ilaiyakammban
|-
|}

==Reception==
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "''Naan Than Bala'' should have been shattering drama. That it isn't is a function of the usual problems of our cinema — sketchy performances in the supporting parts, flavourless romance, comedy that constantly undermines the film's seriousness, lazy contrivances, mood-killing songs and an over-the-top ending".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=2014-06-14 |title=Naan Than Bala: Friends with benedictions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/naan-than-bala-friends-with-benedictions/article6114928.ece |access-date=2018-09-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 2 stars out of 5 and wrote, "There is juicy melodrama in-built in the story of ''Naan Than Bala'' but the writing and direction are plain amateurish. The trouble is that the director, Kannan, never really has a grip on this material...Kannan's treatment of this material is at best TV serial melodrama".<ref>{{Citation |title=Naan Than Bala Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Naan Than Bala by Times of India |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Naan-Than-Bala/movie-review/36503601.cms |access-date=2018-09-29}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "Shoddy writing and direction makes ''Naan Than Bala'' a boring film despite good intention".<ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=2014-06-14 |title='Naan Than Bala' a film with good intention (IANS Tamil Movie Review) |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/naan-than-bala-a-film-with-good-intention-ians-tamil-movie-review-114061400382_1.html |access-date=2018-09-29 |work=Business Standard India}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The plot did have the potential to turn into an intriguing play-out of human inadequacies and emotions. But the director fails to capitalise on it".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vivekh Does a Serious Lead Role With Nonchalance |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Vivekh-Does-a-Serious-Lead-Role-With-Nonchalance/2014/06/15/article2281266.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806013855/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Vivekh-Does-a-Serious-Lead-Role-With-Nonchalance/2014/06/15/article2281266.ece |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=2018-09-29 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Silverscreen.in wrote, "There is nothing wrong with the premise in itself : a simple tale of amity between a Hindu priest and a hardened criminal, but there is a lot wrong with the execution".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140616040705/http://silverscreen.in/reviews/naan-bala-review/ Naan Than Bala Review | Silverscreen.in]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3798200}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]

Kala Academy

2026-02-23T08:50:26Z

Theentrepreneur:

{{short description|Cultural centre run by the Government of Goa, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{coord|15.4942839|73.8176938|display=title}}
'''Kala Academy''' (Academy of the Arts) is a prominent cultural centre run by the [[Government of Goa]], in [[Goa]], India. Situated at [[Campal]], [[Panjim]], it is registered as a society, and was started in February 1970. The building was designed by [[Charles Correa]]. It plays the role of being an "apex body to develop music, dance, drama, fine art, folk art, literature, etc. and thereby promote (the) cultural unity of Goa."<ref>[http://kalaacademygoa.org/about/ About us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825072515/http://kalaacademygoa.org/about/# |date=25 August 2014 }} Official website.</ref>
[[File:A view of Kala Academy, Goa, the main venue for the inaugural ceremony of the 35th International Film Festival of India-2004, (to be held from 29th November to 9th December, 2004).jpg|thumb|A view of Kala Academy, Goa, the main venue for the inaugural ceremony of the [[35th International Film Festival of India]] (held from 29 November to 9 December 2004)]]

Funded by the Government of [[Goa]], the centre offers training through its faculty, and also organises festivals, competitions, exhibitions, workshops, seminars, and other programmes related to various forms of the local arts.<ref>{{cite web | title = Kala Academy's Tiatr contest begins, but with a twist | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Kala-Academys-Tiatr-contest-begins-but-with-a-twist/articleshow/41451143.cms | date = 2 September 2014 | accessdate = 2014-09-13 | newspaper = The Times of India | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903224946/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Kala-Academys-Tiatr-contest-begins-but-with-a-twist/articleshow/41451143.cms | archive-date = 3 September 2014 | url-status = live| df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = A teacher never truly retires: Parsekar | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/A-teacher-never-truly-retires-Parsekar/articleshow/41813446.cms | date = 6 September 2014 | accessdate = 2014-09-13 | newspaper = The Times of India | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140908110230/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/A-teacher-never-truly-retires-Parsekar/articleshow/41813446.cms | archive-date = 8 September 2014 | url-status = live| df = dmy-all }}</ref> It has a General Council of 28 members, a 14-member Executive Board, and advisory committees for various sections. In August 29, the government of Goa said the structure could not be repaired or renovated and might have to be demolished.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menezes|first=Vivek|date=2019-08-02|title=Trashing the magic of Charles Correa|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/trashing-the-magic-of-charles-correa-1564737541802.html|access-date=2021-06-19|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Kala Academy, Panjim
|align=center
|File:KALA ACADEMY AT ALTHINO PANJIM.jpg |
alt1=Exterior
|Exterior
|File:Kala academy Panjim auditorium.jpg |
alt2=Interior of the main auditorium
|Interior of the main auditorium
|File:Library at Kala Academy Goa.jpg |
alt3=Exterior of the academy library
|Exterior of the academy library
|File:Kala Academy library.jpg |
alt4=Entrance to the academy library
|Entrance to the academy library
}}
*

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kala Academy}}
{{Wikisourcelang|2=Page:Konkani Viswakosh Vol1.pdf/391|3=Kala Academy (कला अकादमी)}}
*[http://kalaacademygoa.org/ Kala Academy site]

[[Category:Culture of Goa]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Panaji]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Panaji]]
[[Category:Cultural organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Arts organizations established in 1970]]
[[Category:State agencies of Goa]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Goa, Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Drama schools in India]]

Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Jalahalli West, Bengaluru

2026-02-21T02:00:01Z

Theentrepreneur: new the pg basic info

{{Promotional|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Jalahalli West, Bangalore
| image = Home main.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Kendriya Vidyalaya No 1 in 2008
| area = [[Jalahalli]]
| city = [[Bangalore]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|13|3|51.5|N|77|32|36.3|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| established = 1964
| authority = [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]]
| principal = Ravindra S. Devadiga
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE)
| website = {{URL| https://no1jalahalli.kvs.ac.in}}
}}
'''Kendriya Vidyalaya, No.1, Air Force Station, Jalahalli West''', [[Bangalore]], [[India]] is a [[school]] run by the [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]], an autonomous body formed by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]], Government of [[India]], [[New Delhi]]. Started in 1964, the Vidyalaya has classes from I to XII with an enrollment of 2300 with [[Science]] and [[Commerce]] streams at the Plus-Two level.

The Vidyalaya is affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] and follows the 10+2 pattern of education. Apart from the teaching learning process, the students take part in co-curricular activities, [[sport]]s and [[game]]s, club activities, work experience, Scouts and Guides, [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC), computer education, [[vocational training]], adventure programmes and value education.
The Vidyalaya also feature famous butterfly photographer Ashok Sengupta.

The Principal of the school is Mr. Ravindra S Devadiga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA AFS NO.I JALAHALLI |url=https://no1jalahalli.kvs.ac.in/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=no1jalahalli.kvs.ac.in}}</ref> The Head Mistress of the school is Mrs. P Sudha.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya|Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]]
*[[List of Kendriya Vidyalayas]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Official website|http://kv1jalahalli.org/}}
*[http://kvsangathan.nic.in/ Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]

[[Category:1964 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalayas in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]]

Rikhanikhal

2026-02-10T16:57:35Z

Theentrepreneur: Made Some Pg W/ Infobox...

{{short description|Sub Tehsil or Municipality in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rikhanikhal
| pushpin_map = Uttarakhand
| coordinates = {{coord|29.772|78.873|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| native_name_lang = gbm
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]]
| established_title = 
| unit_pref = Metric
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 246275
| registration_plate = UK-12
| website = {{URL|pauri.gov.in}}
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
}}
'''Rikhanikhal''' (also spelled Rikhnikhal) is a sub-Tehsil in the district [[Pauri Garhwal]] in the state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tehsil {{!}} District Pauri Garhwal, Government of Uttarakhand {{!}} India |url=https://pauri.nic.in/tehsil/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> The sub-tehsil was created in the year 2016 and has 190 villages.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Notification | language=hi | url=https://revenue.uk.gov.in/files/Rikhnikhal.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918080545/https://revenue.uk.gov.in/files/Rikhnikhal.pdf | archive-date=2021-09-18}}</ref>

==Geography==
It is situated in the hilly, forested terrain of the Lesser Himalayan region.Rikhnikhal experiences a sub-temperate to [[temperate]] climate that remains pleasant throughout the year.The average elevation of Rikhnikhal is approximately 1,363 meters (4,472 feet), with a range spanning from a minimum of 982 meters to a maximum of 1,839 meters.

It is located about 125 km from the district headquarters in Pauri and 210 km from the state capital, Dehradun.

==Economy==
The economy of the area is dependent on agriculture and despite being located close to [[Corbett National Park]], has very little tourism activities. It is a backward area with unreliable road connectivity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=rajyasameeksha.com |title=गढ़वाल राइफल्स का वीर सपूत आतंकी मुठभेड़ में शहीद, मां पिता का रो-रोकर बुरा हाल |url=https://www.rajyasameeksha.com/uttarakhand/19758-tehri-garhwal-rikhnikhal-harendra-shaheed |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Rajya Sameeksha |date=19 October 2021 |language=hi}}</ref> In October, 2022 there was a terrible accident that led to death of 32 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia's Premier News Agency - India News, Business & Political, National & International, Bollywood, Sports {{!}} ANI News |url=https://www.aninews.in/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=www.aninews.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarakhand: Death toll in Pauri's Rikhanikhal bus accident rises to 31, relief and search underway |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/oct/05/uttarakhand-death-toll-in-pauris-rikhanikhal-bus-accident-rises-to-31-relief-and-search-underway-2505139.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=The New Indian Express |date=5 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2022-10-04 |title=Uttarakhand: Bus Carrying 45 People Falls Into Gorge In Pauri Garhwal, Casualties Feared |url=https://news.abplive.com/states/up-uk/uttarakhand-bus-carrying-45-to-50-people-falls-into-gorge-pauri-garhwal-district-further-details-are-awaited-1556636 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bus with 50 passengers falls into deep gorge in Uttarakhand's Kotdwar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uttarakhand-kotdwar-bus-accident-dead-injured-2008339-2022-10-04 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=India Today |date=4 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Tehsils of Uttarakhand]]

Makhan Shah Labana

2026-02-10T01:16:23Z

Theentrepreneur: slightly cleanup citations as per guidelines additionally and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|Sikh preacher}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
| name = Baba Makhan Shah Labana
| image = Detail of Bhai Makhan Shah Labana, from a fresco depicting him finding Guru Tegh Bahadur from Gurdwara Baba Bakala.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Detail of Bhai Makhan Shah Labana, from a fresco depicting him finding Guru Tegh Bahadur from Gurdwara Baba Bakala
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 7 July 1619 (23 Ashad 1676 Bikarmi)
| birth_place = Tanda, [[Jhelum District]]<ref>W. Crooke, "Tribes and casts of northwest India" (Vol. 1. P.154).</ref>
| death_date = 1674
| death_place = Village Raja Harpal, [[Sialkot]]
| occupation = [[Merchant Marine]]
| known_for = * Finding [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]
* Gave Jaikara (Slogan) [[Guru Lado Re]]
| spouse = Bibi Sital Devi (Suljai)
| children = Lal Chand Jawanda Shah Kushal Chand Chandu Lal
| parents = [[Bhai Dasa]] (father) Vijay Devi (mother)
}}

'''Makhan Shah Lubana''' ({{IPA|pa|Makkhaṇa Śĝha Labĝṇĝ}}; also written as [[Labana Sikh|Lobana]]; 7 July 1619 – 1674) was a devout [[Sikh]] and a rich trader of the Pelia clan from the [[Labana Sikh|Lobana]] tribe, who discovered the ninth [[Sikh gurus|Guru]] of the Sikhs, [[Guru Tegh Bahadar]] in [[Baba Bakala|Bakala]], [[Punjab]] on 16 April 1664 A.D. (8 Visakh 1721 Bikrami).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org/book_archive/196174216674_10153455457621675.pdf|title=A history of the Sikhs from the origin of the nation to the battles of the Sutlej|access-date=2023-08-14}}</ref> He is also noted for his other contributions like preaching Sikhism in West Punjab and abroad, punishing Dhir Mal and his [[masand]] Shihan for the attack and initial settlement of Guru Tegh Bahadur at [[Anandpur Sahib]]. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/biographical/hindu-bhagats-and-poets-and-punjabi-officials/shihan/ | title=SHIHAN - the Sikh Encyclopedia | date=19 December 2000 }}</ref>

==Birth and early life==
Makhan Shah was born into a [[Labana]] family.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Sikh World |date=May 1, 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780429848384 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Pashaura |quote=The tribal Sikhs - Sikligars and Banjaras are distributed all over the country except in the northeastern states. ... The Banjaras are known as Lambada, Lamani, Guar Banjara, Vanzara in different regions. Their ancestors were traders carrying merchandise and weapons on bullock carts. There are numerous prominent Sikhs amongst them most notably Makhan Shah Labana and Lakhi Shah Banjara. |editor-last2=Mandair |editor-first2=Arvind-Pal Singh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |title='Criminal' Tribes of Punjab |date=Apr 27, 2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136517877 |pages=42 |quote=They had been trading since ancient times (''adi kaal ton'') and also practiced the barter system. Lakhi Shah Banjara and Makhan Shah Labana, whose names appear in Sikh religious history, were the most prominent traders of the community during their times.}}</ref> In 1619, he was born to [[Bhai Dasa Labana]], who was a devout Sikh of [[Guru Hargobind]]. There are different views of different scholars regarding his birthplace. [[Gyani|Giani]] [[Giani Gian Singh|Gian Singh]] believes that he was born in Tanda, probably in [[Kashmir]], but [[Colonel (India)|Col.]] Gurbachan Singh refutes this claim.<ref>Retrieved from Labana Sewak, Oct 2007</ref> Also, there many places with name Tanda in India like Mansura Tanda in [[Rajasthan]], Khed Tanda; Basti Tanda; Sankpur Tanda; Chikvadi Tanda in [[Madhya Pradesh]]; Naka Tanda in [[Maharashtra]]; Anapur Tanda Andhara {{Not a typo|Yera}}; Goda Tanda in [[Karnataka]], Tanda in Kashmir and in [[Punjab]] there are multiple villages. Scholars like [[Max Arthur Macauliffe]], GS Chabra, Sukha Singh believe that he was a native of [[Kathiawar]] in [[Gujarat]].

Following is commentary from Bhatt Vahis regarding the background of Makhan Shah:
* ''Makhan Shah, son of Bhai Dasa, grandson of Binai, maternal grandson of Beheru.''<ref>Page 40, Guru Kian Sakhian, Saroop Singh Kashish</ref>
* ''The cavalcade of Bhai Makhan Shah who was the Sikh of Guru, was going to Kashmir. The Satguru joined him there. After the pilgrimage of Mutton Martand along with Bhai Dasa and Bhai Aru Ram, he reached the place of Bhai Makhan Shah at Mota Tanda. Bhai Dasa, father of Bhai Makhan Shah breathed his last there.''
[[File:Depiction of Makhan Shah Lubana and Guru Tegh Bahadur from a gilded panel from the Golden Temple doors, circa 19th century.jpg|thumb|Depiction of Makhan Shah Lubana (top left on a rooftop) and Guru Tegh Bahadur (bottom left) from a gilded panel from the Golden Temple doors later donated by Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]
He learned [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]] and other languages, but his mother tongue was [[Labanki]].
Makhan Shah was married, according to [[Rajput]] customs, to Sital Devi (also known as Suljai). She was the daughter of Naik Puroshotam Das, belonging to the [[Sandlas]] clan of [[Aheria|Naik]] [[Rajputs]]. They had a son who they named Bhai Lal Das. It is believed Lal Das took was [[Amrit Sanskar|baptized]] by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] and named Naik Jawahar Singh who was martyred in the [[Battle of Chamkaur]].
[[Bhai Lakhi Rai Banjara|Bhai Lakhi Shah Banjara]] had family and business relationships with Bhai Makhan Shah Labana (1619-1674), who was an international trader, and used to trade in most of the world. He had a fleet of ships and was dealing through marines. Bhai Lakhi Shah Vanjara, who was based in [[Old Delhi|Delhi]], use to coordinate the business activities at Delhi, of Bhai Makhan Shah Labana. (reference found in book Mahal Sikh Bhai Makhan Shah Labana 1940, written by Baba Harnam Singh and Diwan Singh Mehram page 27).

==Profession==
[[File:Fresco depicting Bhai Makhan Shah Labana at-sea, from Gurdwara Baba Bakala.png|thumb|Fresco depicting Bhai Makhan Shah Labana at-sea, from Gurdwara Baba Bakala]]
He continued his ancestral profession of merchant trading. Makhan was a merchant who used to bring valuable merchandise by land and sea and sell it wholesale in parts of [[Gujarat Subah|Gujarat]] and [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in [[Mughal india|Mughal India]], and abroad up to the [[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean]]. He traded spices, [[Bengal Subah|Bengali]] silk, and [[Kashmir shawl|Kashmir shawls]]. In India he used camels, oxen, and horses, often pulling carts. He crossed beyond [[Ottoman Egypt|Egypt]] and sailed the Mediterranean with his goods, trading as far as [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]].

==See also==
* [[Labana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.srigurugranthsahib.org/guru-teg-bahadur/discovery.htm www.srigurugranthsahib.org ]
* [http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/movements/lobanas/lobanasVS.htm www.sikh-heritage.co.uk]

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:1619 births]]
[[Category:1674 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian people]]

Prakash Reddy

2026-02-09T06:13:41Z

Theentrepreneur: Made Some Article Added Tags...

{{Short description|Indian anthropologist}}
{{Orphan|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = G. Prakash Reddy
| occupation = [[Anthropologist]]
| education = [[Andhra University]]
| workplaces = [[Andhra University]] [[Sri Venkateswara University]]
| known_for = ''Danes are like that! Perspectives of an Indian Anthropologist on the Danish Society''
| birth_date = 1940
}}

{{Anthropology}}

'''G. Prakash Reddy''' is an Indian [[anthropologist]] who specializes in studying villages, both in India and in Denmark.

== India ==
Reddy studied Indian villages and tribal communities, including the hunting and gathering and horticultural communities of the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref>{{Cite book
| chapter = Hunter-Gatherers and the Politics of Environment and Development in India
| title = Key Issues in Hunter-Gatherer Research
| publisher = [[Routledge]]
| isbn = 9781003134961
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
| chapter-url = https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003134961-28/hunter-gatherers-politics-environment-development-india-prakash-reddy
| year = 1994
| doi = 10.4324/9781003134961-28
| s2cid = 225311793
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| title = Scarcity and Survival: A Study in Culture Ecology of Chowra Island in Nicobar Archipelago
| year = 1982
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
| publisher = D.K. Publications
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| title = Studies in island cultures of India
| year = 1987
| author = G. Prakash Reddy, V. Sudarsen
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| title = Religion and Society in South India
| year = 1988
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| title = Politics of Tribal Exploitation
| year = 1987
| publisher = Mittal Publications
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
}}</ref>

== Denmark ==

Reddy's observations during his stay in the village of [[Hvilsager]] in East Jutland around 1990 have been the basis for several of his publications, in particular the book ''Sådan er danskerne! En indisk antropologs perspektiv på det danske samfund''.,<ref>{{Cite book
| title = Sådan er danskerne! : en indisk antropologs perspektiv på det danske samfund
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
| publisher = [[Grevas]]
| isbn = 87-7235-622-7
| year = 1991
}}</ref> published in 1991 by Grevas, which was translated in English as ''Danes are like that! Perspectives of an Indian Anthropologist on the Danish Society''.<ref>{{Cite book
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
| title = Danes are like that! : perspectives of an Indian anthropologist on the Danish society
| year = 1993
| publisher = [[Grevas]]
| isbn = 87-7235-624-3
}}</ref> His field work was the subject of the documentary film ''Brev til Indien'' (''Letter to India'').<ref>{{Cite AV media
| title = Brev til Indien
| author = Maria Rytter, Søren Kloch, Lars Vestergaard, Henrik Bohn Ipsen
| url = https://www.dfi.dk/viden-om-film/filmdatabasen/film/brev-til-indien
| year = 1991
| access-date = November 14, 2021
}}</ref>
This work was published academically as ''Research processen in cross-cultural context : an indian anthropologist looks at a Danish village community'' in 1990.<ref>{{Cite book
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
| title = Research processen in cross-cultural context : an indian anthropologist looks at a Danish village community
| publisher = [[Aarhus Universitet]]
| isbn = 9788777250750
| year = 1990
}}</ref>
In 1997, he published ''"Har du været på højskole?" : en indisk antropolog ser på et mini-Danmark'' (''"Have you been to high school? ": An Indian anthropologist looks at a mini-Denmark'')<ref>{{Cite book
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
| title = "Har du været på højskole?" : en indisk antropolog ser på et mini-Danmark
| publisher = Grevas
| year = 1997
| isbn = 87-7235-638-3
}}</ref> with [[Poul Pedersen (anthropologist)|Poul Pedersen]],
and in 1998 ''Danske dilemmaer'',<ref>{{Cite book
| author = G. Prakash Reddy
| title = Danske dilemmaer
| year = 1998
| publisher = Grevas
| isbn = 87-7235-640-5
}}</ref> translated in English as ''Danish dilemmas : perspectives of an Indian anthropologist on values in Danish society''.<ref>{{Cite book
| author = G.Prakash Reddy
| title = Danish dilemmas : perspectives of an Indian anthropologist on values in Danish society
| publisher = Sri Venkateswara University
| year = 2002
}}</ref>
He also contributed to ''Foreningslivet i Danmark : nye vilkår i en zappertid'' og ''Danskere : 17 tanker om danskere og danskheden''.<ref>{{Cite book
| title = Foreningslivet i Danmark : nye vilkår i en zappertid
| year = 2001
| isbn = 87-90891-07-4
}}</ref>
His work was covered by the mainstream press at the time<ref>{{Cite magazine
| title = An Indian in Hvilsager: Danish Life According to Indian Anthropologist Prakash Reddy
| magazine = The Economist
| date = 25 January 1992
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine
| title = India Anthropologist Finds Denmark Wanting : Research: He laments the loneliness and lack of human values in remote village and asks if prosperity can be achieved without such sacrifices
| magazine = LA Times
| author = Christopher Follett
| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-20-mn-5117-story.html
| date = June 20, 1993
| access-date = November 15, 2021
}}</ref> as well as by the specialised press,<ref>{{Cite book
| chapter = Prakash Reddy, Danes are like that! Perspectives of an Indian Anthropologist on the Danish Society
| title = American Anthropologist
| volume = 96
| issn = 1548-1433
| author = Jonathan M. Schwartz
| date = September 1994
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = Jakob Krause-Jensen
| date = January 2013
| title = Trekantsdrama i Hvilsager
| journal = Jordens Folk
| volume = 48
| url = https://tidsskrift.dk/jf/article/view/20257
| access-date = November 18, 2021
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite conference
| title = Racialised minority as the researcher: Challenging epistemological violence
| author = Rashmi Singla
| date = 7 January 2021
| conference = 20th Nordic Migration Research Conference and the 17th Society for the Study of Ethnic Relations and International Migration (ETMU) Conference
| url = https://forskning.ruc.dk/en/publications/racialised-minority-as-the-researcher-challenging-epistemological
| access-date = November 23, 2021
}}</ref> and has entered Danish culture.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Danes from an Indian Perspective
| date = December 10, 2019
| website = 400 Years Together - India & Denmark Together
| url = https://www.400years.dk/people-places-2/danes-from-an-indian-perspective
| access-date = November 18, 2021
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Prakash}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Goa Police

2026-01-25T13:33:30Z

Theentrepreneur: quick fix

{{Multiple issues|
{{Refimprove|date=July 2013}}
{{Update|date=August 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Goa Police
| nativename =
| nativenamea =
| nativenamer =
| commonname =
| abbreviation = GP
| patch =
| patchcaption =
| logo = Emblem_of_Goa_Police.png
| logocaption = [[Emblem]] of the Goa Police
| badge =
| badgecaption =
| flag =
| flagcaption =
| imagesize =
| motto =
| mission =
| formedyear =
| formedmonthday =
| preceding1 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| employees =
| volunteers =
| budget =
| country = India
| countryabbr = IN
| divtype = State
| divname = Goa
| divdab =
| subdivdab =
| map = IN-GA.svg
| mapcaption = Map of Goa Police Department's jurisdiction
| sizearea =
| sizepopulation =
| legaljuris = opsjuris
| governingbody =
| governingbodyscnd =
| constitution1 =
| police = Yes
| local = Yes
| speciality =
| overviewtype =
| overviewbody =
| headquarters = [[Panjim]], Goa, India
| hqlocmap =
| hqlocleft =
| hqloctop =
| hqlocmappoptitle =
| sworntype = Police Officer
| sworn =
| unsworntype =
| unsworn =
| chief1name =
| chief1position = [[Director General of Police]]
| parentagency =
| child1agency =
| unittype =
| unitname =
| officetype =
| officename =
| provideragency =
| uniformedas =
| stationtype =
| stations =
| airbases =
| lockuptype =
| lockups =
| vehicle1type = Police car
| vehicles1 =
| boat1type =
| boats1 =
| aircraft1type =
| aircraft1 =
| animal1type =
| animals1 =
| animal2type =
| animals2 =
| person1name =
| person1reason =
| person1type =
| programme1 =
| activity1name =
| activitytype =
| anniversary1 =
| award1 =
| website = {{URL|citizen.goapolice.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| reference =
}}

The '''Goa Police''' is the [[law enforcement agency]] for the coastal state of [[Goa]], India.

==Organisational structure==
The Goa Police operates under direct control of the Department of Home Affairs, [[Government of Goa]].
===Hierarchy===
====Officers====
*Director general of police (DGP)
*Inspector general of police (IGP)
*Deputy inspector general of police (DIG)
*Superintendent of police (SP)
*Deputy superintendent of police (DySP)
====Subordinates====
*Inspector of Police (PI)
*Sub-inspector of police (PSI)
*Assistant sub-inspector of police (ASI)
*Head constable (HC)
*Police constable (PC)

==History==
The Goa Police was established in 1966 after the transfer of authority over Goa from the [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian military administration]] to the civil administration. It replaced the former [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese administration]]'s ''Polícia do Estado da Índia'' (State of India Police), disbanded after the [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa|annexation of Goa by India in 1961]].
[[File:Goa Police Tata Starbus GA01G0849.jpg|thumb|Goa police special vehicle ]]
Until 1946, the police services in Portuguese India were provided by the military [[gendarmerie]] force ''Corpo de Polícia e Fiscalização da Índia'' (CPFI, India Inspection and Police Corps). In that year, the CPFI was substituted by the civil police force ''Corpo de Polícia do Estado da Índia'' (State of India Police Corps), modeled after the Portuguese [[Public Security Police]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: district gazetteer, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wh1uAAAAMAAJ&q=Policia+e+Fiscalizacao+da+India|publisher=Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu|access-date=18 July 2013|pages=571–572|year=1979}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Goa Police: History & Evolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9J3aAAAAMAAJ&q=Pol%C3%ADcia+do+Estado+da+%C3%8Dndia|publisher=N.V. Padmaja|access-date=18 July 2013|author=N. Dilip Kumar|year=1999}}</ref> The ''Polícia do Estado da Índia'' included the public security, judiciary police, transit police, administrative police and civil identification branches.
[[File:Save Dabolim Airport (Churchill) meet.jpg|Goa police monitoring a protest|thumb|right|200px]]
Besides this corps, in Portuguese India also existed the ''Guarda Fiscal''<ref>{{cite web|title=Who's who in India, Burma & Ceylon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLfl-WcHGRYC&q=Guarda+Fiscal+Goa|publisher=Who's Who Publishers (India) Limited|access-date=18 July 2013|page=40|year=1936}}</ref> (Fiscal Guard) under the dependency of the Customs Bureau and the ''Guarda Rural'' (Rural Guard) under the dependency of the agriculture services.

==Special agencies==
* Intelligence Unit
* Security Battalion
* Commando Force

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://citizen.goapolice.gov.in/ Goa Police official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811213522/https://citizen.goapolice.gov.in/ |date=11 August 2020 }}

{{Law enforcement agencies of India}}
{{Goa topics}}

[[Category:Government of Goa]]
[[Category:State law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in Goa, Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1966]]

Super Singer 4

2026-01-16T23:16:39Z

Theentrepreneur: new some data v1

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox television season
| image = Airtel Super Singer 4 logo.JPG
| caption =
| bg_colour = pink
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = Makapa Anand, Priyanka Deshpande, Bhavana
| judges = [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[P. Unnikrishnan|Unnikrishnan]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
}}
| network = [[STAR Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2013|02|04|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2014|02|01|df=yes}}
| num_episodes =
}}

'''''Airtel Super Singer 4''''', the fourth season of [[Super Singer (Tamil reality show)|Airtel Super Singer]], premiered on 4 February 2013. The show was a [[reality|reality-based]] [[Television in India|Indian]] singing competition in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] that aired on [[STAR Vijay]]. It was designed to be a talent hunt to find the best voice of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Judges for the auditions were [[Ananth Vaidyanathan]], [[S.P. Sailaja]], [[Devan Ekambaram]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]], [[Mahathi (singer)|Mahathi]], [[Pop Shalini]], [[S. Sowmya]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] and [[Malgudi Subha]]. Some of these judges along with other noted musicians reappeared as Guest judges. To name a few- [[S. Janaki]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]], [[A. R. Rahman]], [[P. Susheela]], [[Asha Bhosle]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vairamuthu]], [[L. R. Eswari]] and [[Vani Jairam]]. Judges for the main competition were [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[P. Unnikrishnan|Unnikrishnan]] and [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]. [[Makapa Anand]], Priyanka Deshpande, and Bhavana were the hosts for the show. The voice trainer was [[Ananth Vaidyanathan]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/super-singer-audition/article4271417.ece The Hindu – 'Super Singer' audition]</ref><ref>[http://www.metromasti.com/kollywood/news/Super-Singer-4-Vijay-TV-Airtel-Super-Singer-season-4-auditions/21567 Metro Masti – Super Singer 4 auditions]</ref> The show aired on weekdays at 9:00 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].

==Auditions==
The auditions for the show were held at three zones, [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]], [[Coimbatore|Kovai]] and [[Chennai]] in December 2012 and January 2013.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/let-the-songs-begin/article4197935.ece The Hindu – Let the songs begin]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/super-singer-auditions/article4271018.ece The Hindu – Super Singer auditions]</ref> Thousands of applicants aged above 16 participated in the zonal auditions. The judges for the preliminary auditions included eminent singers from the music industry and popular contestants from the previous seasons of the show. The show premiered in February 2013 featuring the audition phases from various zones.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-hunt-is-on/article4380380.ece The Hindu – The hunt is on]</ref>

== Direct finalists==
# [[Diwakar]]
# Parvathy
# [[Syed Subahan]]

== Wild card round winners==
# Sarath Santhosh
# Sonia Aamod

==Finalists==
# Diwakar (winner)
# Parvathy
# Syed Subahan
# Sarath Santhosh
# Sonia Aamod

== Grand Finale==
The final contest to decide the winner of the show was held at Sun Palm Driving Range & Golf Academy, Guindy and was telecast live on television and internet on 1 February 2014. Winners were selected by audience poll. Votes could be cast through SMS, IVR and online. After two performances by each contestant, Diwakar was declared as the winner and received an apartment worth Rs. 6 million as prize. Syed Subahan was declared as Judges Choice Winner for the best performance in Grand Finale and 1st runner-up as he got the second maximum votes of audience. Syed got 1 kg of Gold for 1st runner-up. The second runner-up Sarath Santhosh received Rs. 1 million. The other two contestants Sonia Aamod and Parvathy received Rs. 500,000 each.

Many prominent singers were present at the venue. Legendary singer [[S. Janaki]] was the chief-guest for the event. [[Makapa Anand]], Priyanka, and Bhavana hosted the show.

==Elimination chart==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|+ '''Legend'''
|-
| style="background:#FFEBCD;" width="15%" | Did Not Perform
| style="background:orange" width="15%" | Female
| style="background:palegoldenrod;" width="15%" | Male
| style="background:lime;" width="15%" | Airtel Super Singer 4
|}

{| border="2" style="margin:1em auto; border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse;"
| style="background:white; padding-left: 1em;" width="10%" | Safe
| style="background:peachpuff; padding-left: 1em;" width="10%" | Spot selected (Spot)
| style="background:yellow; padding-left: 1em;" width="10%" | Wait listed (WL) or Danger zone (DZ)
| style="background:red; padding-left: 1em;" width="10%" | Eliminated (Elim)
| style="background:#FBF373; padding-left: 1em;" width="10%" | Promoted by judges (P)
| style="background:palegreen; padding-left: 1em;" width="10%" | Immunity (I)
| style="background:lightblue; padding-left: 1em;" width="10%" | Top performer(T)
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|-
| colspan="2" align="right" |''Genre:''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#CCBBAA" align="center" |'''Love Songs Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#AAAAAA" align="center" |'''Fast Duet Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#CBACAB" align="center" |'''Free Style Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#CCBBAA" align="center" |'''Tribute to the Legends'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#AAAAAA" align="center" |'''Folk Songs Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#CBACAB" align="center" |'''Multilingual Songs Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#CCBBAA" align="center" |'''Western Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#AAAAAA" align="center" |'''Kalluri Salai Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#CBACAB" align="center" |'''Mabbu Songs Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#CCBBAA" align="center" |'''Dance Attack Round'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#AAAAAA" align="center" |'''Super Singer Stars'''
|-
| colspan="2" align="right" |''Week:''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''May 20'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''May 27'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''June 3'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''June 10'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''June 17'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''June 28'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''July 5'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''July 12'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''July 19'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''July 26'''
! width="35" bgcolor="#FFEB00" align="center" |'''August 2'''
|-
!Place
!Contestant
! colspan="11" |Result
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|1}}
| bgcolor="lime" |Diwakar<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/tv/Dhivagar-is-Super-Singer-4/articleshow/29770628.cms | title=Dhivagar is Super Singer 4 | date=2 February 2014 | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=15 January 2020 }}</ref>
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|2}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Syed Subahan
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|3}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Sharath
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="lightblue" align="center" | T
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|4}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Parvathy
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="lightblue" align="center" | T
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|5}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Soniya
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" | P
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" | P
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|6}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Aravind Srinivas
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|7}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Madhumita
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|8}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Narayanan
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|9}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Ganesh
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|10}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Sai Vignesh
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|11}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Vaishali
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|12}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Rizwan
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|13}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Deepti
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|14}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Vaijayanthi
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|15}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Sanjay
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|16}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Shenbagaraj
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|17}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Soundarya Bala Nandakumar
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|18}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Nirjhari
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|19}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Krishnan
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|20}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Mahitha
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|21}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Ramesh
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|22}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Niranjana
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="lightblue" align="center" | T
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|23}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Alagesan
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|24}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Namitha
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolsaor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|25}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Rajagopalan
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|26}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Sai Shankar
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|27}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Vignesh
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" align="center" | DZ
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|28}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Sahil
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|29}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Sherley
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|30}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Arvind
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|31}}
| bgcolor="orange" |Thirupurasundari
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|32}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Ramnath
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
| bgcolor="azure" align="center" | {{nowrap|33}}
| bgcolor="palegoldenrod" |Rafiq
| bgcolor="red" align="center" | Elim
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|-
|}{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|10793832}}

{{Airtel Super Singer}}
{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television seasons]]
[[Category:Tamil-language singing talent shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language reality television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Super Singer seasons]]

Democratic Bharatiya Samaj Party

2026-01-12T09:06:41Z

Theentrepreneur: formatting fix

{{Short description|Political party in Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{refimprove|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
'''Democratic Bharatiya Samaj Party''' (''Democratic Indian Society Party'') is a [[political party]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. The Current party president is Rajinder Kumar Gill and founder of this party is Mr Vijay kumar Hans who died in 2019. In the [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 2004 DBSP had put up two candidates, Vijay Kumar Hans from [[Jullundur]] (1,288 votes, 0.17%)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/GE2004/pollupd/pc/states/s19/pconst04.htm | title=General Elections 2004 : 4-Jullundur Constituency of PUNJAB | publisher=Election Commission of India | accessdate=27 June 2018 }}</ref> and Parminder Singh Qaumi from [[Bhatinda]] (5,429 votes, 0,71%). In the Punjab assembly elections 2002 the party had put up nine candidates, who together got 3,189 votes. Vijay Kumar Hans Died on 5th Sep 2019 and After his death, Mr Rajinder Kumar Gill become national president of Democratic Bhartia Samaj party on 14 Feb 2020.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Political parties in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Political parties with year of establishment missing]]

{{India-party-stub}}

Ananya Nanda

2026-01-08T00:46:39Z

Theentrepreneur: starting pg - done

{{EngvarB|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ananya Sritam Nanda
| birth_name = Ananya Sritam Nanda
| image = Ananya Sritam Nanda, winner of Indian Idol Junior, calls on Prime Minister Narendra Modi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Ananya Nanda with PM [[Narendra Modi]]
| image_size =
| alias =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Puri]], Odisha, India
| occupation = Singer
| genre = [[Filmi]], [[Pop music|Pop]]
| instrument = Vocal
| years_active = 2015–present
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}
'''Ananya Sritam Nanda''' is an Indian playback singer from [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]. She was the winner of ''[[Indian Idol Junior|Indian Idol Junior Season 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/ananya-nanda-wins-indian-idol-junior/|title=Indian Idol Junior 2: Odisha girl Ananya Nanda is the winner|date=2015-09-07|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/odishas-14-year-old-ananya-sritam-nanda-crowned-indian-idol-junior-2423538.html | title=Odisha's 14-year-old Ananya Sritam Nanda crowned 'Indian Idol Junior | publisher= | date=7 September 2015 | accessdate=7 September 2015 | author= | work=Firstpost }}</ref>

==Early life==
Ananya's father, Prasanna Kumar Nanda, is a director in a government industrial department and her mother, Prasanti Mishra, is a housewife.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orissapost.com/ananya-nanda-to-focus-on-music-studies/|title=Ananya Nanda to focus on music & studies|date=2015-09-07|website=Orissa POST|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhubaneswarbuzz.com/updates/odisha-news/ananya-sritam-nanda-of-bhubaneswar-wins-indian-idol-junior-2015|title=Ananya Sritam Nanda of Bhubaneswar wins Indian Idol Junior 2015|last=Buzz|first=Bhubaneswar|date=2015-09-06|website=Bhubaneswar Buzz|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> Ananya considers her elder sister Amrita Pritam Nanda, as her inspiration. Ananya who has been training in singing under Hindustani exponents Guru Pandit Dr. Chitta Ranjan Pani and Guru Nilamani Ojha. She started her study from [[DAV Public School, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar|DAV Public School, Pokhariput]], [[Bhubaneswar]]. She completed her 12th grade at Kiit International School, Bhubaneswar where she became her school's topper. Now {{when|date=April 2024}} she is studying in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/and-the-winner-is-ananya-sritam-nanda/cid/1471201|title=And the winner is...Ananya Sritam Nanda|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-7-things-you-didn-t-know-about-indian-idol-junior-2-winner-ananya-nanda-2122767 | title=7 things you didn't know about Indian Idol Junior 2 winner Ananya Nanda | publisher= | accessdate=24 June 2017 | author=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/indian-idol-junior-season-2-winner-ananya-nanda-meets-pm-narendra-modi-263178-2015-09-16|title=Indian Idol Junior winner Ananya Nanda meets PM Modi|date=16 September 2015|author=Indo-Asian News Service|publisher=India Today|language=en|access-date=1 March 2019}}</ref>

==Career==
Ananya won the Season 2 of ''[[Indian Idol Junior]]'' in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/indian-idol-winner-ananya-nanda-universal-india-ink-deal/story-y07tEM22ZB9CI8lblFY12I.html|title=Indian Idol winner Ananya Nanda, Universal India ink deal|date=2015-09-10|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> During competing in [[Indian Idol Junior]] she got a two-year record deal with [[Universal Music India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/indian-idol-junior-2-winner-ananya-nanda-signs-two-year-record-deal-with-universal-542260/|title=Indian Idol Junior 2 winner Ananya Nanda signs two-year record deal with Universal|last=Prakashan|first=Priya|date=2015-09-09|website=India.com|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> After winning [[Indian Idol Junior]], she released her debut album 'Mausam Mastana' under the [[Universal Music]] label. The song was originally sung by veteran [[playback singer]] [[Asha Bhosle]] from the 1982 movie [[Satte Pe Satta]]. The additional music and lyrics were composed and written by DJ AKS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-idol-junior-season-2-winner-ananya-nanda-releases-debut-single/17337165|title=Indian Idol Junior season 2 winner Ananya Nanda releases debut single|date=2016-06-15|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> She started as a [[Bollywood]] [[playback singer]] in film ‘[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]’ for the music director [[Amaal Mallik]].
She is also regular playback singer for [[Ollywood]] Industry, has sung in many films like ‘[[Agastya]]’, [[Baby (2016 film)]], [[Kathadeli Matha Chuin]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://odishasuntimes.com/indian-idol-winner-ananya-sings-odia-movie-agastya/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233027/https://odishasuntimes.com/indian-idol-winner-ananya-sings-odia-movie-agastya/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=7 January 2019 |title=Indian idol winner Ananya sings for Odia movie 'Agastya' | last=Bureau |first=Odisha Sun Times |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref> When she won the competition received calls to visit [[Narendra Modi]], [[Prime Minister of India]] and [[Naveen Patnaik]], [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief minister of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/indian-idol-winner-ananya-nanda-meets-pm-modi-24036.html|title=Indian Idol Junior winner Ananya Nanda meets PM Modi {{!}} IndiaTV News|date=2015-09-15|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://odishasuntimes.com/cm-felicitates-odishas-singing-sensation-ananya-nanda/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024519/https://odishasuntimes.com/cm-felicitates-odishas-singing-sensation-ananya-nanda/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2 March 2019|title=CM felicitates Odisha's singing sensation Ananya Nanda {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com|last=Bureau|first=Odisha Sun Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> In 2019, she participated in [[Colors TV]] reality show ''[[Rising Star (Indian TV series)|Rising Star]]'' where she was in Top 5.

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Year !! Song(s) !! Film(s) !! Composer(s) !! Co-singer(s)
|-
| rowspan="4"|2016 || Mausam Mastana|| ''Mausam Mastana''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shazam.com/track/320114090/mausam-mastana|title=Shazam|website=Shazam|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shazam.com/track/46740216/mausam-mastana-from-satte-pe-satta|title=Shazam|website=Shazam|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> || DJ AKS || Jusa Dementor
|-
| "Padhoge Likhoge"|| ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Amaal Mallik|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/m-s-dhoni-untold-story-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1158884319|language=en-us|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> || [[Amaal Mallik]] || [[Adithyan|Adhityan Prithviraj]]
|-
| "Sun Zara" "Mu Kahinki Ete"|| ''[[Baby (2016 film)]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Baby|url=https://gaana.com/album/baby-oriya|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> || [[Prem Anand]] || [[Humane Sagar]]
|-
| "Dhire Dhire" "Tipi Tipi"|| ''[[Agastya (film)|Agastya]]''<ref>{{Citation|last=Array|title=Agastya - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=2 April 2016 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/agastya/06JsO6ORVm8_|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/playlist/amarendraroutray-agastyaoriyafilm|title=Playlist Agastya oriya film on Gaana.com|website=Gaana|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref> || [[Prem Anand]] || [[Humane Sagar]]
|-
| rowspan="6"|2017 || "Tu mo love story" "Jadi Ae Jibanare" "Tike Tike Achinha"|| ''[[Tu Mo Love Story]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Tu Mo Love Story|url=https://gaana.com/album/tu-mo-love-story|access-date=2019-03-01|archive-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228130452/https://gaana.com/album/tu-mo-love-story|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Hungama|title=Tu Mo Love Story|url=https://www.hungama.com/album/tu-mo-love-story/23954017/|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref>|| [[Prem Anand]] || [[Humane Sagar]] [[Biswajit Mohapatra]]
|-
| "Kathadeli Matha Chhuin" "Tori Hrudaye"||''[[Kathadeli Matha Chuin]]''<ref>{{Citation|last=Hungama|title=Katha Deli Matha Chhuin|url=https://www.hungama.com/album/katha-deli-matha-chhuin/23965791/|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref>||[[Prem Anand]] || [[Kumar Bapi]]
|-
| "Romeo Juliet Title" "Nanhimo Pade" "Tu Kahibu ta"||''[[Romeo Juliet (2017 film)|Romeo Juliet]]''||[[Prem Anand]]||[[Humane Sagar]]
|-
|"Tu Mora kieki" "Rabba Rabba"||''[[Abhaya (film)|Abhaya]]''<ref>{{Citation|last=Hungama|title=Abhaya|url=https://www.hungama.com/album/abhaya/26967812/|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140158/https://www.hungama.com/album/abhaya/26967812/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| [[Prem Anand]] || [[Humane Sagar]]
|-
| "Kabula Barabula" "Zalima zalima" "O Saiba" || ''[[Kabula Barabula]]''<ref>{{Citation|last=Array|title=Kabula Barabula Searching Laila - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=7 September 2017 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kabula-barabula-searching-laila/a8r4y5j96Ts_|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref>|| [[Prem Anand]] || [[Humane Sagar]] Sibasis
|-
| "Tu Mo hero" "Anjana Thili"||''[[Tu Mo Hero|Tu Mo hero]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Tu Mo Hero|url=https://gaana.com/album/tu-mo-hero|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref>|| [[Baidyanath Dash]] || [[Humane Sagar]]
|-
|2024
|"Bhabuthuli Jemiti"
|''[[Kuhudi]]''
|Somesh Satpathy
|[[Humane Sagar]]
|-
|2025
|"Basinda"
|''[[Charidham - A Journey Within]]''
|Somesh Satpathy
|Satyajeet Jena
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{url|https://www.odia.tv/ananya-sritam-nanda-songs/ | Ananya Nanda}} on Odia.TV
* {{IMDb_name|nm8416882}}
* {{url|https://gaana.com/artist/ananya-nanda| Ananya Nanda}} on [[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]
* {{url|https://www.hungama.com/artist/ananya-nanda/126424996/ | Ananya Nanda}} on [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda, Ananya}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian Idol winners]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Odia-language playback singers]]

Narasapur–Nagarsol Express (via Guntur)

2025-12-31T11:06:26Z

Theentrepreneur:

{{short description|Passenger train in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Narasapur Nagarsol Express (via Guntur)
| image=
| caption =
| type = [[Express train|Express]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Narasapuram}}
| stops = 24
| end = [[Nagarsol]]
| distance = {{convert|1048|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 23 hours 05 mins
| frequency = Bi-weekly
| class = AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class & General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No [[pantry car]] attached
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities=
| stock = Standard [[Indian Railways]] coaches
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 17231 / 17232
| speed = {{convert|44|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| map = [[File:(Nagarsol-Narsapur) Express (via Guntur) Route map.jpg|300px]]
| map_state =
}}

17231 / 32 '''Narasapuram–Nagarsol Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] [[South Central Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Narasapuram}} and [[Nagarsol]] in India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=3248&did=1385557557975C51A9459C332EB25A97472A23F46401F.web103 | title=Eight AC Super Fast Special Trains between Secunderabad and Visakhapatnam | publisher=South Central Railways | date=2 December 2013 | access-date=22 May 2019 }}</ref>

== Service ==
It operates as train number 17231 from Narasapuram to Nagarsol and as train number 17232 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]] & [[Maharashtra]]. The train covers the distance of {{cvt|1048|km}} in 24 hours 00 mins approximately at a speed of ({{cvt|44|km/h}}).

==Coaches==

The 17231 / 32 Narasapuram–Nagarsol Express has oneAC First class, one AC 2-tier, five AC 3-tier, 13 sleeper class, two general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches. It doesn't carry a [[pantry car]].

As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Routeing==
The 17231 / 32 Narasapuram Nagarsol Express runs from Narasapuram via {{stnlnk|Bhimavaram Town}}, {{stnlnk|Vijayawada Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Guntur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Nadikudi}}, {{stnlnk|Secunderabad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Nizamabad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}}, {{stnlnk|Purna Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Parbhani Junction}},
{{stnlnk|Jalna}}, {{stnlnk|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar}} to Nagarsol.

==Traction==
As this route is going to be electrified, Runs With an electric Loco from Narasapur to Secunderabad and loco reversal at Secunderabad and diesel loco from Secunderabad-Nagarsol [[Electric Loco Shed, Vijayawada Electric Loco Shed, Based [[WAP4]] AND Lallaguda Electric Loco Shed, based [[WAP7]] and Diesel Loco Shed, Gooty|Gooty]]-based diesel [[WDP-4D]] loco pulls the train to its destination.{{clarify|reason=Passage is incoherent|date=September 2023}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/narsapur-nagarsol-via-guntur-express-17231/22261/2077/1715 17231 Narasapuram Nagarsol Express] at India Rail Info
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/nagarsol-narasapur-express-via-guntur-17232/22260/1715/2077 17232 Nagarsol Narasapuram Express] at India Rail Info

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narasapur-Nagarsol Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]

Kothapalle, Eluru district

2025-11-25T00:03:07Z

Theentrepreneur: new a place added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kothapalle
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.7821|N|81.1062|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Eluru district|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Denduluru mandal|Denduluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/588457-kothapalle-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Kothapalle Village Population - Denduluru - West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh|publisher=}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1767
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Kothapalle''' is a village in [[Eluru district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is administered under of [[Eluru revenue division]]. Attili Rail way station and Manchili railway station are nearest train stations.

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Kothapalle has population of 1676 of which 901 are males while 866 are females. Average Sex Ratio is 961. Population of children with age 0-6 is 194 which makes up 10.98% of total population of village, Child sex ratio is 960. Literacy rate of the village was 75.46%.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Eluru district]]

Sharif

2025-11-21T13:59:24Z

Theentrepreneur: fixed citations for consistency and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|Descendant from the family of Muhammad}}
{{hatnote group|
{{other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Sherif|Sheriff}}
}}
{{Redirect-multi|2|Ashraf|Shurafa|other uses|Ashraf (name)|and|Ashraf (disambiguation)|and|Walid Shurafa}}

'''Sharīf''' or '''Sherif''' ({{langx|ar|شريف}}, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled '''shareef''', feminine '''sharīfa''' ({{lang|ar|شريفة}}), plural '''ashrāf''' ({{lang|ar|أشراف}}), '''shurafāʾ''' ({{lang|ar|شرفاء}}), or (in the [[Maghreb]]) '''shurfāʾ''', is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, from the family of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] ({{circa|570 CE –}} {{nowrap|632 CE}}). It may be used in three senses:

#In the broadest sense, it refers to any descendant of Muhammad's great-grandfather [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim]] (the [[Banu Hashim]] or Hashimites, already in Muhammad's day an established clan within the Meccan tribe of the [[Quraysh]]), including all descendants of Muhammad's paternal uncles [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Abu Talib]] (the [[Talibids]]) and [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib|al-Abbas]] (the [[Abbasids]]).<ref name="EI2Sharif">{{harvnb|Van Arendonk|Graham|1960–2007}}.</ref>
#More often, it refers to a descendant of [[Ali]], a son of Abu Talib and a paternal cousin of Muhammad (the [[Alids]]), especially but not exclusively through Ali's marriage with Muhammad's daughter [[Fatimah|Fatima]] (the [[Fatimids]]). In the sense of descendants of Fatima and Ali (the most common one), the term effectively refers to all descendants of Muhammad.<ref name="EI2Sharif"/>
#In the narrowest sense, it refers only to someone who descends from Fatima and Ali's eldest son (and Muhammad's grandson) [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] (the [[Hasanids]]). In this limited context, it is contrasted with the term {{Transliteration|ar|[[sayyid]]}} ('lord', 'master', plural {{Transliteration|ar|sāda}}, ({{lang|ar|سادة}}), which then refers only to the descendants of Hasan's younger brother [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]] (the [[Husaynids]]).<ref name="EI2Sharif"/>

The precise usage of the term has varied both historically and geographically.<ref name="EI2Sharif"/>

==Etymology==
The word derives from the [[Arabic root]] sh–r–f, which expresses meanings related to honor, nobility, and prominence.<ref name="EI2Sharif"/> It has no etymological connection with the English term ''[[sheriff]]'', which comes from the [[Old English language|Old English]] word ''scīrgerefa'', meaning "shire-reeve", the local [[Reeve (England)|reeve]] (enforcement agent) of the king in the [[shire]] (county).<ref>{{harvnb|Online Etymology Dictionary|2001–2021}}.</ref>

==Usage==
===History===
Precise usage of the term has varied both historically and geographically. Often, the terms {{Transliteration|ar|sharīf}} and {{Transliteration|ar|sayyid}} were used interchangeably, while in other contexts they referred to [[Hasanid]] vs. [[Husaynid]] descent (especially in the [[Hejaz]], where the [[Sharifate of Mecca]] was restricted to persons of Hasanid descent). In still other contexts, they both referred to some form of [[Banu Hashim|Hashimite]] descent, but were linked to a different and specific social status.<ref name="EI2Sharif"/>

In most places, the term has functioned as a mark of nobility (both the [[Abbasids]] and the [[Fatimids]] were at one time holder of the [[caliphate]]), except in [[South Asia]], where the meaning of the term has expanded to include all Muslims of foreign descent. Thus, in the [[caste system among South Asian Muslims]], the term {{Transliteration|ar|ashrāf}} designates not only Muslims of Arab descent ({{Transliteration|ar|sayyid}}s or purported descendants of Ali and Fatima, and {{Transliteration|ar|[[Shaikhs in South Asia|shaykh]]}}s, which include all those who claim descent from the [[Quraysh]] or from one of Muhammad's [[sahaba|companions]]), but also Muslims of [[Pashtuns|Pasthun]] or Turko-Mongol ([[Mughal people|Mughal]]) descent.<ref name="EI2Sharif"/>

Over time, people who were not of Hashimite descent were sometimes also granted the title {{Transliteration|ar|sharīf}} as a general mark of nobility. The result of this has been that today the term {{Transliteration|ar|sayyid}} has become a more common designation for those claiming descent from Muhammad.<ref name="EI2Sharif"/> As such, {{Transliteration|ar|Sayyid}} (or one of its many alternative spellings, like {{Transliteration|ar|Sayyed}} or {{Transliteration|ar|Syed}}) has also become a common [[Sayyid (name)|proper name]].

==Major sharif dynasties==

*[[Abbasids]] (descendants of Muhammad's uncle [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], ruled over a vast empire centered in [[Baghdad]] 750–945, and claimed the caliphate 750–1517)
*[[Idrisids]] (Hasanids, ruled over [[Morocco]] 789–985)<ref name="Bosworth1996">{{harvnb|Bosworth|1996}}.</ref>
*[[Fatimids]] (Husaynids, ruled over a vast empire centered in [[Cairo]] and claimed the caliphate 909–1171)<ref name="Bosworth1996"/>
*[[Sa'dids]] (Hasanids, ruled over Morocco 1510–1659)<ref name="Bosworth1996"/>
*[[Alawi dynasty|Alawids]] (Hasanids, rule over Morocco 1631–present)<ref name="Bosworth1996"/>
*[[Hashimites]] (Hasanids, ruled over the [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] 1916–1925, the [[Arab Kingdom of Syria]] in 1920, the [[Kingdom of Iraq]] 1932–1958, and [[Jordan]] 1921–present)

==See also==
*[[Asharaf]] or Ashraf, Somali clan claiming descent from Muhammad through Fatima
*[[List of Ashraf tribes in Libya|List of Ashrāf tribes in Libya]]
*[[Sharif of Mecca]]
*[[Sharifate of Mecca]]
*[[Sharifian (disambiguation)]]
*[[Sharifism]], term used for the rising prominence of the {{Transliteration|ar|shurafāʾ}} in early modern Morocco
*[[Sherif]], a proper name derived from {{Transliteration|ar|sharīf}}, including a list of people named that way
**[[Omar Sharif]] (1932–2015), Egyptian actor and probably the most famous person with this name

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Sources cited===
*{{cite book|last1=Bosworth|first1=Clifford Edmund|author1-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|year=1996|title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn= 0-7486-2137-7}}
*{{cite web|author=Online Etymology Dictionary|date=2001–2021|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/sheriff|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Van Arendonk|first1=C.|last2=Graham|first2=W.A.|date=1960–2007|title=Sharīf|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P. J.|editor1-link=P. J. Bearman|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor3-first=C. E.|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W. P.|editor5-link=W. P. Heinrichs|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharif-COM_1041}}

{{Alids}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Alids|*]]
[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Maghreb]]
[[Category:Hashemite people]]
[[Category:Islamic honorifics]]
[[Category:Titles]]
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]]

Bundelkhand Literature Festival

2025-11-20T05:19:50Z

Theentrepreneur:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name = Bundelkhand Literature Festival
|nickname =
|logo = BLF logo.png
|logo_alt =
|logo_caption =
|logo_size = 250px
|image =
|image_size =
|alt =
|caption =
|status = Active
|genre = [[Literary festival]]
|date = 
|begins = 
|ends = 
|frequency = Annually
|venue =
|location = [[Jhansi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
|coordinates = 
|country = {{IND}}
|years_active = 2020—present
|first = 
|founder_name = Chandra Pratap Singh (Pratap Raj)
|last = 
|prev =
|next =
|participants =
|attendance =
|capacity =
|area =
|budget =
|activity ={{plainlist|
* [[Panel discussion]]
* [[Keynote]]
* [[Interview]]
* [[Poetry reading]]
* Book reading
* [[Book signing]]
* [[Open mic]]
* [[Concert|Musical performance]]}}
|leader_name =
|patron = [[Bundelkhand University]]
|organised = Bundelkhand Literature Festival Society
|filing =
|people =
|member =
|sponsor = 
|website = {{URL|http://www.bundelkhandlitfest.org/}}
|current =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Bundelkhand Literature Festival''' is a [[literary festival]] held annually in [[Jhansi]], a part of [[Bundelkhand]] region, in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name=First>{{cite news |title=बुन्देलखण्ड लिटरेचर फेस्टिवल कला-साहित्य और किसानों को दे रहा मंच |url=https://firstindianews.com/news/Bundelkhand-Literature-Festival-giving-platform-to-art-literature-and-farmers-Three-day-fest-will-start-from-October-14-1376618762 |publisher=First India News |date=8 August 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=28 से होगा बुंदेलखंड लिट्रेचर फेस्टिवल |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/bundelkhand-litrature-festival-from-28february-jhansi-news-jhs1594232115 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=7 February 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=बुन्देली धरा के साहित्यकारों का योगदान अविस्मरणीय |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi-city-20069322.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=28 February 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref>
== History ==
Bundelkhand Literature Festival was founded in 2020 by social activist Chandra Pratap Singh, who serves as the founder and director of the festival. It was started with the aim of promoting the art and literature of [[Bundelkhand]]<ref name=First/><ref>{{cite news |title=महोत्सव में दिखा साहित्य, संस्कृति का संगम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/bundelkhand-litrature-festival-jhansi-news-jhs161392758 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=1 March 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref> region.
== 2020 edition ==
The first edition of the Bundelkhand Literature Festival started at the Craft Fairground near the [[Jhansi Fort]] in [[Jhansi]] on 28 February 2020. It was attended by more than two dozen literary figures from the fields of Hindi and Bundeli literature, dramatics, journalism, cinema and television. It held discussions on different aspects of [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] and [[Hindi literature]] and culture.<ref name=TimesOfIndia>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Arindam |title=Three-day Bundelkhand lit fest begins in Jhansi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/3-day-bundelkhand-lit-fest-begins-in-jhansi/articleshow/74408820.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 February 2020}}</ref> The festival was organized by the joint aegis of the Department of Hindi, [[Bundelkhand University]] and Bundelkhand Literature Festival Society.<ref>{{cite news |title=युवा पीढ़ी बुन्देलखण्ड के गौरवपूर्ण इतिहास को समझे : मण्डलायुक्त |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi-city-20059908.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=24 February 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=झांसी: पहला बुन्देलखण्ड साहित्य महोत्सव 28 फरवरी से शुरू |url=https://www.paligraphnews.page/2020/02/jhaansee-pahala-bundelakhand-s-PGYcjX.html |publisher=Dainik Paligraph |date=24 February 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

The inaugural session of the festival was presided over by Prof J.V. Vaishampayan, the vice-chancellor of [[Bundelkhand University|Bundelkhand State University]]. It was attended by eminent personalities, including Hindi novelist [[Maitreyi Pushpa|Maitri Pushpa]], [[Padma Shri]] awardee Kailash Madbaiya and actor [[Raja Bundela]].<ref name=TimesOfIndia/>
=== Participants ===
The following literary figures participated in the 2020 BLF.<ref>{{cite news |title=डॉ. शरद सिंह बुंदेलखंड लिटरेचर फेस्टिवल में आमंत्रित |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/sagar/news/mp-news-dr-sharad-singh-invited-to-bundelkhand-literature-festival-090505-6714566.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228024913/https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/sagar/news/mp-news-dr-sharad-singh-invited-to-bundelkhand-literature-festival-090505-6714566.html |archive-date=2020-02-28 |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=26 February 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Maitreyi Pushpa]]
* Padmashree Kailash Madbaiya
* Richa Anirudh
* Anikta Jain
* Naveen Chaudhary
* Aazam Quadri
* Prahlad Agrawal
* Indrajeet Singh
* Dinesh Shankar Shailendra
* [[Indira Dangi]]
* Kuldeep Raghav
* [[Geet Chaturvedi]]
* Vivek Mishra
* [[Raja Bundela]]
* Sushmita Mukherjee
* Dr. Sharad Singh
* Dr. Pankaj Chaturvedi
* Prof J.V. Vaishampayan
{{div col end}}
== 2021 edition ==
In 2021, the festival was cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] restrictions imposed by the government.<ref name=Patrika/>
== 2022 edition ==
The second edition of the Bundelkhand Literature Festival was held from 14 to 16 October 2022 in Jhansi.<ref name=Patrika>{{cite news |title=14 अक्टूबर से शुरू होगा फेस्ट |url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/art-literature-and-farmers-are-getting-the-platform-the-fest-will-start-from-october-14-7702359/ |publisher=[[Patrika.com]] |date=9 August 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=बुंदेलखंड साहित्योत्सव में कवियों ने बिखेरे रंग, हिंदी के साथ-साथ लोकभाषा में पढ़ी कविताएं |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/halchal/kavya-cafe-in-bundelkhand-literature-festival-2022 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=October 17, 2022}}</ref>

The festival featured parallel sessions across two venues, Hall Athai and Hall Mda, with discussions on topics such as Bundeli language in media and cinema, oral traditions, gender, folk culture, Dalit literature, and digital journalism. Literary figures like [[Shyauraj Singh Bechain]], [[Chirag Jain]], [[Girish Pankaj]], and [[Teji Grover]] participated, along with many regional writers, artists, and journalists.

Cultural evenings included poetry recitations, folk performances, and a play on Amrita Pritam (Ek Hai Amrita) by Team TMP. A session dedicated to Jhansi Smart City and multiple discussions on the role of Hindi in freedom movements, education, and media ethics were also held.

On the final day, media personality [[Saeed Ansari]] delivered an address focused on journalism, critical thinking, and youth engagement, emphasizing the importance of asking informed questions, unbiased reporting, and developing writing skills. He was joined by ''I Chauk'' editor [[Dhirendra Rai]].

== 2024 edition ==
The third edition of the Bundelkhand Literature Festival (BLF 3.0) was held in 2024, continuing its celebration of literature, art, and cultural heritage in the Bundelkhand region.<ref>[https://udaipurkiran.in/literature-has-been-helping-in-public-awareness-in-fighting-the-calamity/ Literature has been helping in public awareness in fighting the calamity – Udaipur Kiran]</ref> The event featured a wide range of literary discussions, poetry sessions, film-related dialogues, and cultural performances. It also showcased exhibitions of local and contemporary art, including canvas painting, stone and wood art, and nail art, along with a curated book fair.

Among the key invitees were literary figures, journalists, artists, civil servants, and public intellectuals, including [[Harivansh Narayan Singh]] (Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha), [[Priyanka Gupta]] (Graduate Chaiwaali), [[Pankaj Chaturvedi]], [[Saeed Ansari]], [[Manoj Sinha]], [[Gautam Rajrishi]], [[Deepak Mashal]], [[Naz Joshi]], and several IPS/IAS officers and academicians such as Jaydeep Karnik, Shashank Garg, Ranjan Kumar, Tarun Bhatnagar, and Rajesh Kumar Mishra.

The festival was supported by youth-led volunteer teams, with much of the event decor handmade by local schoolchildren. The aim of BLF 3.0 was to promote awareness, preserve Bundelkhand’s linguistic and cultural identity, and inspire younger generations to engage with literature and the arts. The Management Partner for the event was BOOK Wala, and the Event Partner was Bundelkhand University.

== 2025 edition ==

The fourth edition of the [[Bundelkhand]] [[Literature Festival]] (BLF 4.0) took place on 21, 22 and 23 February 2025 . Continuing its legacy of celebrating literature, culture, art, and cinema, the upcoming season promises a diverse lineup of panel discussions, literary sessions, artistic exhibitions, and cultural performances.

BLF 4.0 aims to further strengthen the literary and artistic roots of the Bundelkhand region by bringing together acclaimed authors, poets, journalists, civil servants, and creative professionals from across India. With a focus on regional heritage and youth engagement, the festival will showcase Bundelkhand’s evolving role in contemporary cultural discourse.

Details regarding the schedule, guests, and venue will be announced soon. Attendees can expect an immersive experience that highlights the region’s linguistic diversity, folk traditions, and modern storytelling forms.

== Guests ==

* Sayeed Ansari[https://www.aajtak.in/anchor/saeed-ansari]
* [[Sadhana Singh|Sadhna Singh]]
* [[Aasif Khan|Asif Khan]]
* [[Anushka Kaushik]]

== See also ==
{{portal |Literature|India}}
* [[List of literary festivals in India]]
* [[Lucknow Literary Festival]]
* [[Gorakhpur Literary Fest]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.bundelkhandlitfest.org/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204072103/http://www.bundelkhandlitfest.org/ |date=4 February 2023 }}
[[Category:Literary festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Literature of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jhansi]]
[[Category:Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Festivals established in 2020]]
[[Category:2020 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Sondhia

2025-11-03T15:28:37Z

Theentrepreneur:

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=April 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2022}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Sondhiya Rajput
| image =
| caption = Traditional Rajput cavalry (illustrative)
| regions = Ajmer, Gwalior, Central India
| languages = Hindi, Rajasthani
| religions = Hinduism
| related = Rajputs, Chauhan, Rathore, Sisodiya clans
}}
'''Sondhiya rajput''' is [[Hindu]] [[caste]] found in the state of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref name="oneref">People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K. Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N. Vyas pages 925 to 929 Popular Prakashan</ref> They are descended from the [[Rajput]]s of [[Malwa]], and have been living in Rajathan and Madhya Pradesh for 700 years.

'''Sondhiya Rajput''' ({{langx|hi|सोंधिया राजपूत}}) are a Rajput community historically associated with the regions of '''Ajmer, Gwalior, and Central India'''.
They trace their ancestry to the '''Chauhan, Rathore, and Sisodiya''' Rajput clans.
The community is known for its '''martial traditions''', '''cavalry skills''', and active participation in regional warfare during the early nineteenth century.

== History and origin ==

They are a community of small farmers, although the community is now being urbanized. They are a [[Vaishnavite]] [[Hindu]] community, and have no particular customs. The Sondhia rajput are generally considered to belong to the [[Other Backward Classes|OBC]] category.<ref name="oneref"/>{{short description|Rajput community of Central India}}

== Etymology and Origin ==
The term '''Sondhiya''' (or '''Sondhwad''') is believed to derive from the early settlements of the '''Sondhwad region''', situated between parts of Rajasthan and Central India.
According to genealogical and regional traditions, the Sondhiya Rajputs descend from the Rajput lineages of '''Marwar (Rathore)''', '''Ajmer (Chauhan)''', and '''Mewar (Sisodiya)'''.{{efn|name="census"|From the ''Census of India'', Kyasra section, Chapter II: ''People and Their Material Equipment'', p. 8.{{cn|date=October 2025}}}}

== History and Martial Traditions ==
The Sondhiya Rajputs are mentioned in Sir John Malcolm’s work <'''''A Memoir of Central India''''' (1823)>, particularly in the context of the '''peace of Mandsaur'''.
Malcolm described their cavalry as "well-armed, disciplined, and valorous", maintaining independent forts and military contingents in Central India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Malcolm |first=John |title=A Memoir of Central India, Including Malwa, and Adjoining Provinces |url=https://archive.org/details/memoircentralin00malcgoog|year=1823 |publisher=Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen |location=London |pages=510–14}}</ref>

Some colonial writers later labeled the community as of "mixed race", but these statements are regarded as '''biased and politically motivated''', stemming from adversarial perspectives rather than authentic ethnographic sources.<ref>Sir John Malcolm, ''Central India'', 1823.</ref>

The ''Census of India'' recorded the Sondhiya Rajputs among the '''landholding and warrior groups''', primarily engaged in agriculture and military service.{{efn|name="census"}}

== Historiographical Notes ==
Modern researchers consider early British descriptions of the Sondhiya community as products of colonial bias and political hostility.
In contrast, regional records portray them as honour-bound Rajput warriors with strong traditions of independence, courage, and lineage purity.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rajput clans]]
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]

Rajani (actress)

2025-11-02T11:39:40Z

Theentrepreneur: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajani
| birth_name = Shashi Kaur Malhotra
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1965|07|27}}
| yearsactive = 1983–1993
| children = 3
| spouse = {{marriage|Dr. Mullagiri Praveen| 1998}}
| othername = Rajani Sasikala
}}
'''Rajani''' (born '''Shashi Kaur Malhotra'''; 27 July 1965)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xOnpeMoUeU |title=- YouTube |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref> is an Indian actress known for her work in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], and [[Malayalam]] films. She has worked in 150 feature films including ''[[Rendu Rellu Aaru]]'' (1986), ''[[Seetharama Kalyanam (1986 film)|Seetharama Kalyanam]]'' (1986), ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (1987 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]'' (1987), ''[[Majnu (1987 film)|Majnu]]'' (1987) and [[Vettri Vizhaa]] (1989). Her Kannada films include ''[[Jai Karnataka]]'' (1989), a remake of the 1987 Hindi film ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' and ''[[Neenu Nakkare Haalu Sakkare]]'' (1991). She also starred in [[Bharathan]]'s [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] hit ''[[Patheyam|Padheyam]]'' (1993).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://idlebrain.com/movie/photogallery/rajani1/ |title=Rajani photo gallery - Telugu cinema actress |website=idlebrain.com}}</ref> In Tamil films, she was credited as ''Sasikala.''

==Personal life==
Rajani was born in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]]. She married Dr. Mullagiri Praveen in 1998 and they have 3 children.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_72byxcMIo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/p_72byxcMIo |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Interview With Actress Rajini (Part 5) |date=16 February 2010 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Telugu===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
# ''Brahma Mudi'' (1985)
# ''Bharyabhartala Bandham'' (1985)
# ''Lanchavataram'' (1985)
# ''Idena Nyayam'' (1986)
# ''Naga Devatha'' (1986)
# ''[[Brahma Rudrulu]]'' (1986)
# ''[[Seetarama Kalyanam]]'' (1986)
# ''Manavudu Danavudu'' (1986)
# ''Manchi Manasulu'' (1986)
# ''Aadapadachu'' (1986)
# ''[[Rendu Rella Aaru]]'' (1986)
# ''Prathidwani'' (1986)
# ''Cowboy No. 1'' (1986)
# ''Maruti'' (1986)
# ''[[Majnu (1987 film)|Majnu]]'' (1987)
# ''Thayaramma Thandava Krishna'' (1987)
# ''Nene Raju Nene Mantri'' (1987)
# ''[[Collector Gari Abbai]]'' (1987)
# ''[[Agni Putrudu]]'' (1987)
# ''[[Bhale Mogudu]]'' (1987)
# ''Monagadu'' (1987)
# ''Udayam'' (1987)
# ''[[Gundamma Gari Krishnulu]]'' (1987)
# ''[[Ramu (1987 film)|Ramu]]'' (1987)
# ''[[Sardar Dharmanna]]'' (1987)
# ''Donga Kapuram'' (1987)
# ''[[Muddu Bidda (film)|Muddu Bidda]]'' (1987)
# ''[[Chinnari Devatha]]'' (1987)
# ''Hantakudi Veta'' (1987)
# ''Nammina Bantu'' (1987)
# ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (1987 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]'' (1987)
# ''[[Brahma Putrudu]]'' (1987)
# ''Shankaravam'' (1987)
# ''Ugranethrudu'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/ugranethrudu-9066 |title=Ugranethrudu cast |website=MovieGQ}}</ref> (1988)
# ''Chattamto Chadarangam'' <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJmkchM8ZZU |title=CHATTAMTHO CHADARANGAM {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SOBHAN BABU {{!}} SARATH BABU {{!}}ARJUN {{!}} SHARADA {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |language=en |access-date=1 May 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref> (1988)
# ''[[Samsaram (1988 film)|Samsaram]]'' (1988)
# ''Dorakani Donga'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dorakani Donga (1988) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ACQJ |access-date=18 April 2023 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1988)
# ''Jeevana Ganga'' (1988)
# ''Bharya Bhartala Bagotham'' (1988)
# ''Menamama'' (1988)
# ''Bhama Kalapam'' (1988)
# ''[[Murali Krishnudu]]'' (1988)
# ''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1988 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]'' (1988)
# ''Praja Theerpu'' (1989)
# ''[[Gaduggai]]'' (1989)
# ''[[Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha]]'' (1989)
# ''Dharma Yuddham'' (1989)
# ''[[Chalaki Mogudu Chadastapu Pellam]]'' (1989)
# ''[[Dhruva Nakshatram (1989 film)|Dhruva Nakshatram]]'' (1989)
# ''Neram Nadi Kadu'' (1989)
# ''[[Prananiki Pranam]]'' (1990)
# ''[[Rao Gari Intlo Rowdy]]'' (1990)
# ''Sahasa Putrudu'' (1990)
# ''Prajala Manishi'' (1990)
# ''Agni Nakshatram'' (1991)
{{div col end|3}}

===Tamil===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
# ''[[Ilamai Kaalangal]]'' (1983) – Debut in Tamil
# ''Sabaash'' (1984)
# ''Shankari'' (1984)
# ''Kuzhandai Yesu'' (1984)
# ''[[Madras Vathiyar]]'' (1984)
# ''Theerpu En Kaiyil'' (1984)
# ''Kaval Kaithigal'' (1984)
# ''[[Kuva Kuva Vaathugal]]'' (1984)
# ''Anbin Mugavari'' (1985)
# ''[[Naagam (1985 film)|Naagam]]'' (1985)
# ''Enaitha Kodugal'' (1985)
# ''[[Navagraha Nayagi]]'' (1985)
# ''[[Thanga Mama 3D]]'' (1985)
# ''Sigappu Nila'' (1985)
# ''[[Oomai Vizhigal]]'' (1986)
# ''[[Kutravaaligal]]'' (1986)
# ''Kolusu'' (1986)
# ''Mann Soru'' (1986)
# ''[[Shankar Guru (1987 film)|Shankar Guru]]'' (1987)
# ''Vettai'' (1988)
# ''[[Vetri Vizha]]'' (1989)
# ''[[Gnana Paravai]]'' (1990)
# ''[[En Pottukku Sonthakkaran]]'' (1991)
# ''[[Naane Varuven (1992 film)|Naane Varuven]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Oor Mariyadhai]]'' (1992)
{{div col end|3}}

===Kannada===
# ''[[Jai Karnataka]]'' (1989)
# ''Nagini'' (1990)
# ''[[Neenu Nakkare Haalu Sakkare]]'' (1991)
# ''Matsara'' (1991)
# ''[[Entede Bhanta]]'' (1992)
# ''Preethi Maado Hudugarigella'' (2002)

===Malayalam===
# ''[[Inakkily]]'' (1984)
# ''[[Padheyam]]'' (1993)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0707352}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]

Valmiki Swamiji Mandir, Rawalpindi

2025-10-26T14:09:34Z

Theentrepreneur:

{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Maharishi Valmik Swamiji Mandir
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = Pakistan
| map_caption = Location in Pakistan
| country = Pakistan
| state = Punjab
| district = Rawalpindi
| location = Gracy Lines, Chaklala Cantonment, Rawalpindi
| coordinates = 
| deity = Valmiki
| festivals =
| architecture =
| year_completed = 1935
| creator =
| website =
| functional_status = Active
}}

'''Valmik Swamiji Mandir''' (commonly called ''Valmiki Mandir'' or ''Balaknash Temple'') is a Hindu temple located in the Gracy Lines neighbourhood of [[Chaklala Cantonment]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] state of Pakistan. The temple was built before the partition of British India and has served the local Hindu community as one of the principal places of worship in the area.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Historic temple’s days may be numbered|last=Hassan|first=Shiraz|newspaper=Dawn|date=28 August 2014|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1128257|access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref> It is one of the 3 main Hindu temple in the Rawalpindi district, others being [[Lal Kurti Temple]] and the [[Krishna Temple, Rawalpindi|Shri Krishna mandir]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-11-01 |title=Pindi lit up as Hindus celebrate 'Festival of Lights' |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2506605/pindi-lit-up-as-hindus-celebrate-festival-of-lights |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Festivals like Diwali and [[Holi]] are celebrated here.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirazi |first=Qaiser |date=2023-11-16 |title=Diwali lights up Rawalpindi temples |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2446647/diwali-lights-up-rawalpindi-temples |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirzai |first=Qaiser |date=2024-03-25 |title=Hindus celebrate festival of colours in Rawalpindi |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2460486/hindus-celebrate-festival-of-colours-in-rawalpindi |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The temple is reported to have been constructed in 1935 and has functioned since the pre-partition era as an active temple for Rawalpindi's Hindu residents.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=Historic Hindu temple facing demolition in Pakistan|newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 August 2014|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/historic-hindu-temple-facing-demolition-in-pakistan/articleshow/40869367.cms|access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref>

==2014 demolition threat and legal action==
In August 2014, reports stated that Station Headquarters had issued notices to residents of Block 141, Gracy Lines, Chaklala, to vacate the area as part of local development (including construction of an educational and housing complex or military barracks). The move raised fears that the temple and nearby Hindu residences could be demolished.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

Members of the local Hindu community petitioned the civil court seeking relief. Early reports noted a temporary stay order obtained against immediate demolition, though the stay provided only short-term respite and residents were reported to have been offered alternative accommodation. Authorities reportedly told the community they would build a replacement temple if relocation were required.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hindu temple may be razed in Pakistan|last=IANS|newspaper=Business Standard|date=28 August 2014|url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/news-ians/hindu-temple-may-be-razed-in-pakistan-114082800177_1.html|access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref> The temple was not demolitioned and is currently active.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘No temple of their own’: Islamabad’s Hindus still wait for promised place of worship |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2613389/amp |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hinduism in Pakistan]]
* [[Hinduism in Islamabad Capital Territory]]
* [[Kalyan Das Temple]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu temples in Pakistan}}

{{coord missing|Pakistan}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Punjab, Pakistan]]

List of Telugu films of 1959

2025-10-23T18:10:34Z

Theentrepreneur: improved page further and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|None}}
{{Tollywood film list}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film industry based in [[Chennai]] in [[1959 in film|1959]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Music director
|-
|''[[Aalu Magalu (1957 film)|Aalu Magalu]]''
|[[S. V. Krishna Rao]]
|[[Jaggayya]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], [[Sowcar Janaki]]
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
| ''[[Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu]]'' || [[L. V. Prasad]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Jaggayya|Jagayya]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
|-
| ''[[Bala Nagamma (1959 film)|Bala Nagamma]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 1960 |title=Bala Nagamma |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19600311&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=11 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>'' || [[Vedantam Raghavayya]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] || [[T. V. Raju]]
|-
| ''[[Banda Ramudu]]'' || [[P. Pullaiah]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
|-
| ''[[Bhagya Devathai]]'' || [[Tapi Chanakya]] || [[Jaggayya|Jagayya]], [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Rajasulochana]] || [[Master Venu]]
|-
| ''[[Bhaktha Ambareesha]]'' || Bolla Subba Rao || [[Kanta Rao]], [[Sriranjani, Jr.|Sriranjani]] || L. Malleswara Rao
|-
| ''[[Daiva Balam]]'' || Vasanth Kumar Reddy || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], Jayashree, [[Sobhan Babu]] || [[Ashwathama]]
|-
| ''[[Illarikam]]<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=24 September 2015 |title=Blast from the past: Illarikam (1959) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/starring-a-nageswara-rao-jamuna-girja-hemalatha-relangi-gummadi-ramana-reddy-csr-allu-ramalingaiah-r-nageswara-rao/article7685387.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209140112/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/starring-a-nageswara-rao-jamuna-girja-hemalatha-relangi-gummadi-ramana-reddy-csr-allu-ramalingaiah-r-nageswara-rao/article7685387.ece |archive-date=9 December 2016 |access-date=11 June 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>'' || [[T. Prakash Rao]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] || [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
|-
| ''[[Jayabheri]]'' || [[P. Pullaiah]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]], [[Anjali Devi]] || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]]
|-
| ''[[Jaya Vijaya]]'' || [[B. Vittalacharya]] || [[Kanta Rao]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] ||
|-
| ''[[Vaazha Vaitha Deivam|Karmika Vijayam]]'' || M. A. Thirumugam || [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[B. Sarojadevi]], [[P. Kannamba]]
||
|-
| ''[[Koothuru Kaapuram]]'' || Sobhanadri Rao || [[Jaggayya|Jagayya]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Ramana Reddy]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''[[Krishna Leelalu]]'' || Chandrasekhara Rao Jampana || [[C. Lakshmi Rajyam|Lakshmirajyam]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[Sriranjani, Jr.|Sriranjani]], Sandhya || [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi|S. Dakshinamurthi]]
|-
| ''[[Maa Inti Mahalakshmi]]'' || [[Gutha Ramineedu|G. Raminedu]] || [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], Harnath || Ashwathamma
|-
| ''[[Mangalya Balam]]'' || [[Adurthi Subba Rao]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] || [[Master Venu]]
|-
| ''[[Manorama (1959 film)|Manorama]]'' || K. Bhaskar Rao || Balaiah, [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]], [[Girija (actress)|Girija]] || Ramesh Naidu
|-
| ''[[Pelli Meeda Pelli]]'' || [[B. Vittalacharya]] || [[J. V. Ramana Murthi]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || [[Rajan–Nagendra]]
|-
| ''[[Pellinaati Pramanalu]]'' || [[K. V. Reddy]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Rajasulochana]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''[[Pelli Sandadi (1959 film)|Pelli Sandadi]]'' || [[Dasari Yoganand|D. Yoganand]] || [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|A. Nageswara Rao]], [[Anjali Devi]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''[[Raja Malaya Simha]]'' || [[B. S. Ranga]] || [[Ranjan (actor)|Ranjan]], [[Rajasulochana]], [[Sowcar Janaki]] || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|''[[Rechukka Pagatichukka]]'' || [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Sowcar Janaki]] || [[T. V. Raju]]
|-
| ''[[Sabhash Ramudu]]'' || [[C. S. Rao]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Devika]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''[[Sati Sukanya (1959 film)|Sati Sukanya]]'' || Chandra Mohan || Amarnath, [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''Sati Tulasi'' || [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]] || [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[S. Varalakshmi]] || Pamarthi Venkateswara Rao
|-
| ''[[Sipayi Koothuru]]'' || [[P. Chengaiah]] || [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Suryakantam (actress)|Suryakantam]], [[V. Nagayya]], [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] ||
|-
| ''[[Vachina Kodalu Nachindi]]'' || [[Dasari Yoganand|D. Yoganand]] || [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
|-
| ''[[Veera Bhaskarudu]]'' || [[Kadaru Nagabhushanam|K. B. Nagabhushanam]] || [[Udaykumar]], [[S. Varalakshmi]], Balakrishna || [[S. Hanumantha Rao]]
|-
| ''[[Veerapandiya Kattabomman (film)|Veera Pandya Katta Brahmana]]'' || [[B. R. Panthulu]] || [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[S. Varalakshmi]] || [[G. Ramanathan]]
|-
|}

{{Tollywood|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{1959 films}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of Telugu films by year|1959]]
[[Category:Lists of 1959 films by language|Telugu]]
[[Category:1959 in Indian cinema|Telugu films]]

Kommineni Seshagiri Rao

2025-10-17T00:23:38Z

Theentrepreneur: enhanced citations for consistency to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|image =
| name =Kommineni Seshagiri Rao
| birth_date = 1939
| birth_place= [[Ponnekallu]], [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh|A.P]], [[India]]
| height =
| death_date = {{death date|df=yes|2008|12|5}}
| death_place = [[Chennai|Madras]], [[India]]
| birth_name =
| othername =
| website =
| spouse =
| occupation = Character artist, Director and Writer
}}
'''Kommineni Seshagiri Rao''' was a Telugu film director. He was the brother of the music director [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. He was born in Ponnekallu village, near [[Tadikonda]] in [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Film career==
Kommineni Seshagiri Rao was an ardent fan of cinema from an early age. He started as an actor in Telugu cinema playing villains. During the period, his dialogue delivery in an aptly modulated reverberating voice bought him wide recognition. He portrayed a hero in the picture "[[Goppavari Gotralu]]". Subsequently, he acted in about 50 films, including ''[[Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam|Sri Krishna Pandaviyam]]'', ''[[Thatha Manavadu]]'' (1972), and ''Samsaram Sagaram''.

He served as a director for the film ''[[Devathalara Deevinchandi]]'' (1977), the maiden production by artist [[Giri Babu]], and also for Babu's second picture, ''[[Simha Gharjana]]''. The film ''[[Tayaramma Bangarayya]]'' (1979), produced by [[Edida Nageswara Rao]] on the Poornodaya banner, was a hit. Later it was remade in the Tamil language with Sivaji Ganesan as Satyamsundaram. He also directed ''Koteeswarudu'', starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao; ''Cheyyethi Jai Kottu'', starring Krishnam Raju; ''Lakshmipooja''; and ''Mantradandam''. Over a period of thirty years, Kommineni Seshagiri Rao directed around 30 films during his career.

He died on 5 December 2008 at [[Chennai]] due to multiple organ failure disease. He was survived by a wife, four sons and one daughter.

==Filmography==

===Director===
# Rathilayangal (1990)
# Garjinchina Ganga (1988)
# Tayaramma Tandava Krishna (1987)
# Mantradandam (1985)
# Maya Mohini (1985)
# [[Baddi Bangaramma]] (1984)
# Konte Kodallu (1983)
# [[Koteeswarudu]] (1983)
# Kotikokkadu (1983)
# Raghu Ramudu (1983)
# [[Nipputo Chelagaatam]] (1982)
# Pellila Perayya (1982)
# Bommala Koluvu (1980)
# Laxmi Pooja (1979)
# [[Tayaramma Bangarayya]] (1979)
# Bomma Borusa Jeevam (1979)
# Cheyithi Jai Kottu (1979)
#Simha Garjana (1978)
# Bhagya Lakshmi (1978)
# [[Devathalara Deevinchandi]] (1977)

===Writer===

# Laxmi Pooja (1979) (story and screenplay)
# [[Devathalara Deevinchandi]] (1977) (story & screenplay)

===Actor===
# [[Tata Manavadu]] (1972)
# [[Bantrotu Bharya]] (1974)
# [[Manushulanta Okkate]] (1976)

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0451778}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Kommineni Seshagiri}}
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Film people from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Film directors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

Post Graduate Programme for Executives for Visionary Leadership in Manufacturing

2025-10-13T00:34:55Z

Theentrepreneur: Made Initial Post More To Come...

{{Multiple issues|
{{promotional|date=September 2013}}
{{notability|Organizations|date=September 2013}}
{{original research|date=September 2013}}
}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Visionary Leaders for Manufacturing
| native_name = PGPEX VLM
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| established = {{Start date|df=yes|2007|04|01}}
| closed =
| type =
| affiliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| rector =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman = Prof. Sudhir S. Jaiswall
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor =
| principal =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head = Alok K Choudhary
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students = 40 per Batch
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Kolkata]], [[Kanpur]], [[Chennai]]
| state =
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| campus =
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| athletics =
| colours =
| sports =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| website = {{URL| https://www.iimcal.ac.in/programs/pgpex-vlm}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
| image_name =
| coor =
| affiliations =
}}

The '''Post Graduate Program for Executives for Visionary Leadership in Manufacturing''' (PGPEX-VLM) is an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA program]] designed to [[Propulsion|propel]] promising [[engineer]]s into top management positions.

== Program mechanics ==
The PGPEX-VLM program is a [[collaboration]] of the [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]] (IIMC), [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]] (IITK), and [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] (IITM), and is supported by the [[JICA|Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA)]].

It is a one-year full-time [[Residential college|residential]] MBA program with 36 weeks of [[classroom]] interaction, [[Case study|case studies]], [[tutorial]]s, lab sessions, and project work at IIMC, IIT M, and IITK - a total of 1173+ interaction hours. It also consists of a week's [[internship]] in industry, and six weeks of industry visits in India and abroad.

The program aims to develop leadership and management skills, together with cutting-edge technology awareness and proficiency.

== History ==

Since 1991, the Indian economy has been progressively liberalized, and its integration into the global economy is deepening. The growth of the manufacturing sector in the country has been recognized as a key thrust area by the Government of India. But with an increasingly competitive environment, a need was felt to create a critical mass of visionary leaders to steer the [[manufacturing sector]] into the new era of excellence.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Visionary Leaders of Manufacturing Programme |url=http://nmcc.nic.in/vLMP.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821201539/http://nmcc.nic.in/vLMP.aspx |archive-date=2013-08-21 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=nmcc.nic.in}}</ref>

Hence, VLMP was developed by the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130904082212/http://www.nmcc.nic.in/ National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council] in collaboration with the Ministry of HRD, IITs, IIMs, and [[Confederation of Indian Industry|CII]] as a flagship program to develop Leaders in Manufacturing under the Indo-Japan Cooperation Agreement, signed by Hon’ble [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]], Prime Minister of India, and His Excellency [[Shinzo Abe|Mr. Shinzo Abe]], Prime Minister of Japan, in December 2006.<ref name=":0" />

The Government of Japan had also agreed to extend cooperation to facilitate the transfer of Japanese expertise and encourage visits to manufacturing centers of excellence in Japan so as to expose the budding leaders to the pioneers of manufacturing technology, adding a global perspective to the entire effort. The program was structured under the guidance of Professor [[Shoji Shiba]], a renowned international expert in the manufacturing sector and a recipient of the [[Deming Prize]]. Prof. Shiba has been associated for more than a decade with the very successful [[Leaders for Global Operations]] (LGO), erstwhile LFM, at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), USA.

Since 2007, the program has crafted an array of visionary leaders who have marked their presence in the industry, upholding the broad principles of the VLFM community.

== Degree ==

A diploma will be awarded jointly by IIMC, IITK, and IITM. The diploma conferred is titled "Post Graduate Diploma in Management for Executives in Manufacturing" (PGDM for Executives in Manufacturing). This is equivalent to other [[PGDM]] degrees offered by all premier institutes in India.

== Eligibility criteria ==

=== Education ===

A First‐Class Graduate Engineer with First Division/ First Class Marks from SLC/ Madhyamik.

=== Work experience ===

Self-sponsored candidates, not in service. ‐ Minimum {{frac|4|1|2}} to maximum 10 years of work experience in manufacturing, engineering and related sector; holding responsibilities in production planning and control, research, design and development, quality control, plant engineering, maintenance, supply chain, construction etc. Sponsored candidates and candidates on study leave need to have minimum {{frac|4|1|2}} years work experience only. In these cases, there is no upper limit to experience.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIM-Calcutta's one-year program for executives The Hindu (EducationPlus), 2008 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/edu/2008/03/31/stories/2008033150210400.htm}}</ref>

== Selection process ==

Selection of the candidates will be made based on:
# His/her academic background, which has to be consistently first division/first-class from high school board examination level to graduation level, and relevant work experience.
# Employer's recommendations.
# Bio-data and essays.
# Performance in the Aptitude Test.
# Personal interview to be conducted jointly by IIMC, IITK, and IITM.

The institute also welcomes GMAT scores to substantiate academic credentials.

== Course structure and content ==

The program unfolds in 8 terms through more than 1170 classroom contact hours, spread across 3 campuses during the 12-month period. It starts with an “Icebreaking session and Breakthrough Management” in IIM-Calcutta with a thrust on the "Big Picture" perspective. The primary focus lies on how to build a strategy based on core competencies and then to integrate the organization to execute this strategy and achieve the desired outcome.

The next two terms impart management knowledge in diverse areas ranging from [[Business Strategy]], [[Marketing]], [[Finance]], Operations, [[People Management]], and the Global Business scenario. Various modules on [[Supply Chain Management]], Customer-centric approach, Lean methodologies, New Product Design & Development, SAP ERP, [[ISO 9001]]: Auditor training, and some high-end technology-related courses like Advanced Materials, Robotics, Ergonomics are being taught in IIT-Kanpur and IIT-Madras campuses.

The final term at IIM-Calcutta puts special emphasis on Leadership and Change Management with a key focus on building an Entrepreneurial and Innovative culture. The terms also stress the needs and nuances of Ethics and Ethical behavior for today's managers who compete in a rapidly globalizing world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visionary Leaders For Manufacturing Program (VLFM Program), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) |url=http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/activities/activity19.html}}</ref>

=== Learning methods ===

The program's learning methods are an assortment of regular class discussions, case studies, group work, live presentations, and action-learning opportunities like management games and short consultancy assignments. A significant proportion of the program is undertaken in teams to further enhance the dynamic learning experience.

=== Japan East Asia Network of Exchange for Students and Youths ===

“Japan East Asia Network of Exchange for Students and Youths, “ aka JENESYS, a multimillion-dollar initiative by the Japanese Government, was created to promote solidarity among the young generation of Asian countries. This unique opportunity to spend 10 days and experience the social life of Japan brings the students closer to the Japanese culture. They experience both urban and rural life and participate in various traditional activities like tea ceremonies, ikebana, and shamisen concerts. The journey also includes a two-day Home Stay with a Japanese family in one of the many prefectures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VLM students visit Japan as study tour |url=http://www.rangdeindia.jp/detailnews/sitenews/indojapan/vlm-students-visit-japan-as-study-tour/32352}}</ref>

==== Tsunami restoration work ====
Parts of Japan saw the devastating effects of [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|the tsunami in 2011]]. [[Rikuzentakata]] was reported to have been "wiped off the map" by the tsunami following the Tohoku earthquake. The town's tsunami shelters were designed for a wave of three to four meters in height, but the tsunami of March 2011 created a wave 13 meters high which inundated the designated safe locations. Although the town was well prepared for earthquakes and tsunamis and had a {{convert|6.5|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} seawall, it was not enough, and more than 80% of 8,000 houses were swept away. Through the JENESYS program, the VLM students had the opportunity to visit the site at Rikuzentakata, where they supported the tsunami restoration work.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
1. IIM-Calcutta's one-year program for executives http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/edu/2008/03/31/stories/2008033150210400.htm

2. Visionary Leaders for Manufacturing Programme, National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council https://web.archive.org/web/20130821201539/http://nmcc.nic.in/vLMP.aspx

3. Visionary Leaders For Manufacturing Program (VLFM Program), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/activities/activity19.html

4. VLM students visit Japan as a study tour http://www.rangdeindia.jp/detailnews/sitenews/indojapan/vlm-students-visit-japan-as-study-tour/32352

[[Category:Vocational education in India]]
[[Category:Japan International Cooperation Agency]]
[[Category:Manufacturing in Japan]]

Exostoma laticaudatum

2025-08-30T19:13:47Z

Theentrepreneur: put up first entry basic info - done

{{Short description|Species of sisorid catfish}}
{{One source|date=April 2022}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Exostoma laticaudatum
| authority = [[Laifrakpam Arun Kumar|Arunkumar]], 2020
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Exostoma laticaudatum''''' is a [[species]] of [[sisorid catfish]] from [[Manipur]], India.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Arunkumar L. |title=''Exostoma laticaudata'', a new glyptosternine catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Manipur, Northeastern India|journal= Species|year= 2020|volume= 21|issue=68|pages= 293–305}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q111621078}}

[[Category:Catfish of Asia]]
[[Category:Fish of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Laifrakpam Arun Kumar]]
[[Category:Fish described in 2020]]
[[Category:Exostoma|laticaudatum]]

{{Sisoridae-stub}}

Nandchand

2025-08-17T01:08:55Z

Theentrepreneur: put up some page w/ refs...

{{short description|Village in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nandchand
| population_total = 806
| population_as_of = 2011
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Panna district|Panna]]
}}
'''Nandchand''' or '''Nand Chand''', is a village located in the [[Panna district]] of the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is also an [[archaeological site]], with archaeological remains of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] kingdom.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Stadtner |first=Donald M. |date=1981 |title=Nand Chand and a Central Indian Regional Style |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3249829 |journal=Artibus Asiae |volume=43 |issue=1/2 |pages=129–152 |doi=10.2307/3249829 |jstor=3249829 |issn=0004-3648|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Archaeology ==
[[File:0122321_Mritangeshvara_Shiva_temple,_Nandchand_Madhya_Pradesh_026.jpg|thumb|Mritangeshvara Shiva Temple]]
The Mritangeshwara temple is an important landmark. Several sculptures found around the temple and throughout the site are located in the Sagar University Museum.<ref name=":0" />

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], the village had a population of 806, in 208 households.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/734/download/2584/DH_2011_2309_PART_A_DCHB_PANNA.pdf |title=
Census of India 2011 - Madhya Pradesh - Series 24 - Part XII A - District Census Handbook, Panna |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh |year=}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|23|59|52|N|80|04|01|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city}}

[[Category:Villages in Panna district]]

Mountain Shadow Air Force Station

2025-08-16T12:42:02Z

Theentrepreneur: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport]]

[[Category:Military airbases established in 1958]]

Ganapati Bhat

2025-08-01T02:41:09Z

Theentrepreneur: refined article per sources and improved wording after review

{{Short description|Hindustani singer}}
[[File:Pt ganapati bhat.jpg|thumb|Image of Pt ganapati bhat]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
'''Pandit Ganapati Bhat''', popularly known as Ganapati Bhat Hasanagi, is an Indian [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[vocalist]]. He belongs to [[Kirana Gharana|Kirana]] -[[Gwalior Gharana]]. He is a resident guru at Dr. [[Gangubai Hangal]] Gurukul Trust in Hubli. He was born and brought up in Hasanagi, a small village in the state of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040802380200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118103209/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040802380200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-01-18 |title=Entertainment Bangalore: Native notes |author=M. Madan Mohan |date=2005-04-08 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webindia123.com/personal/music/gana.htm |title=Pandit Ganapathi Bhatt of Hasanagi, Hindustani Vocalist |author=Prince Rama Varma |work=webindia123.com |date=2007-02-21 |access-date=2013-02-23}}</ref>

== Career ==
Pandit Ganapati Bhat is a disciple of [[Basavaraj Rajguru]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themusicmagazine.com/gandharmusic.html |title=Label with a cause |publisher=The Music Magazine (e-zine) |date=2001-07-26 |access-date=2013-02-23}}</ref> the maestro from [[Dharwad]] whose ''gayaki'' (singing style) is based on the [[Kirana gharana|Kirana]], the [[Gwalior gharana|Gwalior]] and the [[Patiala gharana]]s. Bhat trained under Rajguru from 1966 to 1991. Bhat started his training in music as a [[sitarist]], but was drawn to [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] vocal music. Later, he studied with [[C. R. Vyas]], an exponent of the Gwalior Gharana <ref>{{Cite news|date=Nov 14, 2017|title=HIGH NOTES: Close encounters|work=Mumbai Mirror|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/sumana-ramanan/high-notes-close-encounters/articleshow/61633314.cms|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>

Pandit Ganapati Bhat was recognised as a B-High grade artist of the All India Radio in 1979.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} Thereafter, he was recognised with the highest, A-Grade in 1988.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Pandit Ganapati Bhat was Member of Karnataka Sangeet Nritya Academy, Karnataka Government, from 1995 to 1998.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He was recognised as a research supervisor in music by the Kannada University, Hampi, in 2001.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He was member of the HRD Music Expert Committee, Government of India, New Delhi, from 2001 to 2003.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He is also a member of the Akashvani Audition Committee, All India Radio, Dharwad and a member of the examination committee, Post Graduate Music Department, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 2007.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In 2011, he was selected to the position of the Guru, of the Dr. Gangubai Hangal National Gurukul, Hubli, along with noted Hindustani musicians, [[Mani Prasad|Pt. Maniprasad]], [[Kedar Bodas|Pt. Kedar Narayan Bodas]], [[Vijaya Jadhav Gatlewar|Vid. Vijaya Jadhav Gatlewar]], and Pt. [[Kaivalya Kumar Gurav]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drgangubaihangalgurukul.com/guru.php|access-date=2021-07-24|website=drgangubaihangalgurukul.com}}</ref>

== Music pedagogy ==
Since 1980, Pandit Ganapati Bhat has been imparting Hindustani music training in the traditional Gurukual method in his village Hasanagi in Uttar Kannada District, Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-10|title=Pt. Ganapathi Bhat Hasanagi to perform on Sunday|url=https://starofmysore.com/pt-ganapathi-bhat-hasanagi-to-perform-on-sunday/|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
* Karnataka Rajyotsava Award in 1993 by the Government of Karnataka<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajyotsava Award for Ganapati Bhatt Hasanagi 1993|url=https://karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State%20Awards/Rajyotsava+Awards/en|access-date=24 July 2021|website=Department of Kannada and Culture, government of Karnataka}}</ref>
*Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Akademi Award in 2007, by the Karnataka Sangeeta Nritya Akademi, Government of Karnataka<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|date=2002-06-21|title=ಗಣಪತಿ ಭಟ್, ಶ್ರೀಧರ್ ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ 18 ಕಲಾಸಾಧಕರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/literature/music/2007/020807academy-awards.html|access-date=2021-07-24|website=kannada.oneindia.com|language=kn}}</ref>
*Vatsalabai Bhimsen Joshi Award in 2006 by the Arya Prasarak Mandal Pune, headed by Pt. Bhimsen Joshi<ref>{{Citation|title=Smt Vatsalataayi Bhimsen Joshi Puraskar 2006 awarded to Pt Ganapati Bhat Hasanagi| date=12 December 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYPfFiJYyCA|language=en|access-date=2021-07-24}}</ref>
*Puttaraj Gawai award in 2015<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/puttaraj-gawai-award-for-pandit-ganapati-bhat-hasanagi/article6958794.ece|title=Puttaraj Gawai Award for Pandit Ganapati Bhat Hasanagi|date=2015-03-04|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Sawai Gandharva Puraskar in 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Sawai-Gandharva-Puraskar-for-Ganapati-Bhat-Hasanagi/article14999840.ece|title=Sawai Gandharva Puraskar for Ganapati Bhat Hasanagi|date=2016-09-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-26 |language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Nijaguna Purandara Award in 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/hampa-nagarajaiah-bags-prestigious-pampa-award/articleshow/56492922.cms|title=Hampa Nagarajaiah bags prestigious Pampa award|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>
*Pandit Basavaraj Rajguru National Award in 2020, by the Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru National Memorial Trust<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-02|title=ಪಂಡಿತ್ ಹಾಸಣಗಿಗೆ ರಾಜಗುರು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ|url=https://www.prajavani.net/district/dharwad/pt-ganapati-bhat-hasanagi-gets-basavaraj-rajguru-award-809929.html|access-date=2021-07-24|website=Prajavani|language=en}}</ref>
*Tansen Award in 2023 (for year 2022), by the Department of culture, Government of Madhya Pradesh<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-25|title=Tansen Samaroh 2023: पंडित गणपति भटट को मिला तानसेन सम्मान|url=https://www.naidunia.com/lite/madhya-pradesh/gwalior-25th-december-will-be-celebrated-as-tabla-day-in-madhya-pradesh-announces-cm-mohan-yadav-8260524|access-date=2024-01-13|website=Naidunia}}</ref>

== References ==
{{BLP sources|date=April 2010}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://video.webindia123.com/interviews/singers/panditganapathi/index.htm Interview with Bhat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121150430/https://video.webindia123.com/interviews/singers/panditganapathi/index.htm |date=21 January 2021 }}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080118103209/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040802380200.htm The Hindu April 8th, 2005 An Article on Pt. Ganapati Bhat]}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101004010832/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2007/03/30/stories/2007033001750200.htm Bhat's disciples]}}
* [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/honour-for-ganapati-bhat/article3027581.ece The Hindu 1 December 2006 Award ]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYPfFiJYyCA Smt. Vatsalataayi Bhimsen Joshi Puraskar Award 2006]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ganapati-bhat-hasanagi-chosen-for-puttaraj-gawai-award/article6961196.ece The Hindu 5 March 2015 Putturaj Gawai Award]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224822/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/A-Hit-Dance-Recital-and-Hindustani-Music/2014/09/15/article2431123.ece Indian Express 4 February 2016]}}
* [http://www.gangubaihangalgurukul.gov.in/gurus.htm Dr. Gangubai Hangal Gurukul Trust .. Our Gurus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225081816/http://www.gangubaihangalgurukul.gov.in/gurus.htm |date=25 February 2018 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhat, Ganapathi}}
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kirana gharana]]
[[Category:Singers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]

Commander Karan Saxena

2025-04-08T19:48:06Z

Theentrepreneur:

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Commander Karan Saxena.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Action fiction|Action]] [[Spy fiction|Espionage]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| creator =
| based_on = [[Amit Khan|Commander Karan Saxena]]
| writer = Vivek Malik , Jay Sheela Bansal, Jatin Wagle
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = Jatin Wagle
| creative_director =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Gurmeet Choudhary]]|[[Iqbal Khan (actor)|Iqbal Khan]]|[[Hruta Durgule]]}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 20
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{ubl|Rajeshwar Nair|Krishnan Iyer}}
| cinematography =
| editor =
| runtime = 30 minutes
| company = Keylight Productions
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|07|08}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2024|08|02}}
}}
'''''Commander Karan Saxena''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action fiction|action]] [[Spy fiction|espionage]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] television series. Produced by Rajeshwar Nair and Krishnan Iyer under the banner Keylight Productions, it stars [[Gurmeet Choudhary]], [[Iqbal Khan (actor)|Iqbal Khan]] and [[Hruta Durgule]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/actor-gurmeet-choudhary-credits-fathers-military-training-for-his-role-in-disney-hotstars-new-series-commander-karan-saxena-13786777.html | title=Actor Gurmeet Choudhary Credits Father's Military Training for His Role in Disney+ Hotstar's New Series 'Commander Karan Saxena' | date=20 June 2024 }}</ref> The series premiered on 8 July 2024 on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-on-disney-hotstar-in-july-showtime-red-swan-chutney-sambar-and-more/article68347625.ece | title=New on Disney+ Hotstar in July: 'Showtime', 'Red Swan', 'Chutney Sambar' and more | newspaper=The Hindu }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Gurmeet Choudhary]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Web | first=Statesman | title=Gurmeet Choudhary delivers intense action in 'Commander Karan Saxena' | website=The Statesman | date=4 July 2024 | url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/ott/gurmeet-choudhary-delivers-intense-action-in-commander-karan-saxena-1503316802.html | access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> as Commander Karan Saxena
* [[Iqbal Khan (actor)|Iqbal Khan]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Iqbal Khan On 'Commander Karan Saxena': 'Never Played Anything This Dark In The Last 23-24 Years' | website=Outlook India | date=19 June 2024 | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/iqbal-khan-on-commander-karan-saxena-never-played-anything-this-dark-in-the-last-23-24-years | access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> as ISI Chief Nasir Khan
* [[Hruta Durgule]]<ref>{{cite web | author=The Hans India | title=Hruta Durgule learnt how to ride a bike in just six sessions: 'It feels so liberating' | website=Andhra Pradesh Breaking News, Telangana News, Hyderabad News Updates, National News, Breaking News | date=11 July 2024 | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/hruta-durgule-learnt-how-to-ride-a-bike-in-just-six-sessions-it-feels-so-liberating-891205 | access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> as Rachna Mhatre
* Sanyam Srivastav as Abhay
* [[Ami Anand Raut]] as Moosa

==Production==
The series was announced on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] by Keylight Productions.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/commander-karan-saxena-all-you-need-to-know/42bee35d8a435 | title=Commander Karan Saxena - All you need to know about Gurmeet Choudhary's action-packed show }}</ref> It is based on [[Amit Khan]]'s ''Commander Karan Saxena''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/amit-khans-book-commander-karan-saxena-adapted-into-a-show-for-this-ott-platform-8937237.html | title=Amit Khan's Book Commander Karan Saxena Adapted into a Show for This OTT Platform | date=19 June 2024 }}</ref> [[Gurmeet Choudhary]], [[Iqbal Khan (actor)|Iqbal Khan]] and [[Hruta Durgule]] were signed as the lead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/exclusive-gurmeet-chaudhary-and-iqbal-khan-to-feature-in-new-web-series-1302282 | title=EXCLUSIVE: Gurmeet and Iqbal roped in for new web series | date=5 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/fpj-exclusive-hruta-durgule-to-star-opposite-gurmeet-chaudhary-in-hotstars-next-other-characters-revealed-too | title=FPJ Exclusive: Hruta Durgule to Star Opposite Gurmeet Chaudhary in Hotstar's Next, Other Characters Revealed Too }}</ref> The filming of the series concluded in June 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/gurmeet-choudhary-wraps-mumbai-schedule-disney-hotstars-commander-karan-saxena-celebrates-team/ | title=Gurmeet Choudhary wraps up the Mumbai schedule of Disney+ Hotstar's Commander Karan Saxena; celebrates with team : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=18 June 2024 }}</ref> The teaser was released on 11 June 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurmeet Choudhary's Commander Karan Saxena to stream from July on Disney+ Hotstar |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/gurmeet-choudharys-commander-karan-saxena-to-stream-from-july-on-disney-hotstar/cid/2026091 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> followed by the trailer of the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Jun/28/commander-karan-saxena-trailer-gurmeet-singh-plays-raw-agent-fighting-with-terrorists | title=Commander Karan Saxena trailer: Gurmeet Singh plays RAW agent fighting with terrorists | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=28 June 2024 }}</ref>

==Reception==
Sonal Pandya from ''[[Times Now]]'' gave the series a rating of 3 stars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/commander-karan-saxena-review-gurmeet-choudhary-starrer-sets-up-promising-espionage-mystery-review-111583383 | title=Commander Karan Saxena Review: Gurmeet Choudhary Starrer Sets up Promising Espionage Mystery | date=8 July 2024 }}</ref>

''[[Pratidin Time]]'' also reviewed the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pratidintime.com/entertainment/commander-karan-saxena-review | title=Commander Karan Saxena Review | date=11 July 2024 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/commander-karan-saxena/1271319111 ''Commander Karan Saxena''] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Disney+ Hotstar|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]

Anjanwel

2025-04-03T01:19:57Z

Theentrepreneur: starting pg

{{refimprove|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Anjanwel
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = 
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_map_alt = The location of the town of Anjanvel as shown within the Indian state of Maharashtra
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|17|33|N|73|09|E|type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konkan]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Maharashtra|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil|Taluka]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Guhagar]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric


| area_footnotes =
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =

| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =

| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 24
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 415703
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-2359
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Anjanwel''' is a small coastal [[town]] in [[Guhagar]] [[Tehsil|taluka]], [[Ratnagiri district]], in the [[Konkan]] region and [[Konkan division|administrative division]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2025 |title=Peth Anjanwel Population - Ratnagiri, Maharashtra |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/565352-peth-anjanwel-maharashtra.html |website=census2011.co.in |publisher=Census Organization of India |access-date=April 2, 2025}}</ref> It is located around {{convert|80|km|mi}} north of the district headquarters of Ratnagiri, {{convert|10|km|mi}} north of its taluka, and {{convert|200|km|mi}} south of [[Mumbai]], the state capital. [[Marathi language|Marathi]] is the official language spoken by everyone in the village. The nearest villages are Veldur, which is home of an [[Enron]] plant, Dhopawe, Vanoshi T. Panchanadi, Navse, and Sakhari Trishul. The Gopalgad Fort, also known as [[Anjanvel Fort]] ({{coord|17.566739|73.157358|region:IN-MH_type:landmark|display=inline}}) is a coastal fort, half of the fort is on a hill and the other half is directly adjacent to the [[Arabian Sea]]. Anjanwel has a tropical [[monsoon]] climate with 47% of [[humidity]] also due to its proximity to the sea.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ratnagiri district]]

{{Konkan-geo-stub}}

Natrampalli

2025-01-26T12:11:26Z

Theentrepreneur: improved article

{{original research|date=September 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Natrampalli
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.59|N|78.55|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupattur district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 196
| population_total = 9076
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 635852
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04179
| registration_plate = '''TN-83'''
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tiruppattur, Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Thiruvannamalai
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Jolarpet
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Natrampalli''' is a selection grade [[panchayat town]] and [[Taluk]] in [[Tirupathur district|Tirupattur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The Natrampalli block is a revenue block in the [[Tirupattur district]] of Tamil Nadu, India.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Natrampalli had a population of 9,076. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Natrampalli has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 64%. In Natrampalli, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Politics==
* State assembly constituency ([[Jolarpettai]]).
* Natrampalli assembly constituency is part of [[Tiruvannamalai (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-08
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081031131000/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2008-10-31
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tirupathur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tirupathur district]]

Bagru, Lohardaga

2024-12-20T05:58:59Z

Theentrepreneur: starting pg

{{distinguish|Bagru}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bagru
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.4734|N|84.6243|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2536
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages *
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835302
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 06526
| registration_plate = JH 08
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 62.52%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Loharadaga]]
| website = {{URL|lohardaga.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bagru''' is a village in the [[Kisko block|Kisko]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the Lohardaga Sadar subdivision of the [[Lohardaga district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|28|0|N|84|42|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Lohardaga district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, R: rural/ urban centre, B: Bauxite mining centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|23|21|45|N|84|47|55|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bhandra| numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Bhandra, Lohardaga]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|27|6|N|84|49|39|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Kairo| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Kairo, Lohardaga]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|31|6|N|84|39|56|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Kisko| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Kisko, Lohardaga]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|32|39|N|84|49|9|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Kuru| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Kuru, Lohardaga]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|33|37|N|84|33|20|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Peshrar| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Peshrar]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|23|12|N|84|39|5|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Senha| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Senha]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|26|24|N|84|40|48|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7=Lohardaga| numbered7=M| mark-title7= [[Lohardaga]] (M) |label-color7=#800000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|28|24|N|84|37|27|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Bagru | numbered8=B| mark-title8= Bagru, Lohardaga (B) |shape-color8=black| label-size8=13|label-color8=black 
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|27|5|N|84|36|40|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Hisri | numbered9=B| mark-title9=[[Hisri]] (B) |shape-color9= #A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|34|12|N|84|36|56|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Pakhar | numbered10=B| mark-title10=[[Pakhar, Lohardaga]] (B) |shape-color10= #A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|26|40|N|84|46|0|E}} |label11= South Koel |labela11= River |label-color11 = #77A1CB| label-angle11= -5| label-pos11=top| label-size11=10| mark-size11=0| mark-title11 =none}}

===Location===
Bagru is located at {{coord|23.4734|N|84.6243|E|display=inline}}

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows an undulating plateau area with the hilly tract in the west and north-west. Three [[Bauxite mining]] centres are marked. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with 87.6% of the population living in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 9: Physical features, Page 22: Census findings |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 October 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==

===Police station===
There is a police station at Bagru.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga| title = District Police Profile - Lohardaga| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 22 October 2021| archive-date = 25 October 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211025193818/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bagru had a total population of 2,536, of which 1,262 (50%) were males and 1,274 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 420. The total number of literate persons in Bagru was 2,008 (62.52% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2011_PART_B_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 362868, pages 56-57|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref>

(*For language details see [[Kisko block#Language and religion]])

==Bauxite mines==
India's first [[List of alumina refineries|alumina refinery]] was commissioned at [[Muri, Ranchi|Chota Muri]], 65 km from [[Ranchi]], by the erstwhile Indian Aluminium Company in 1948. It was taken over by the [[Hindalco Industries]] of the [[Aditya Birla Group]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hindalco.com/operations/alumina-refining/muri | title = Muri | publisher = Hindalco | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref> Bauxite was first mined in India in 1906 in Madhya Pradesh. It was after the Second World War that the demand for aluminium went up.<ref name=bauxite>{{cite web | url = https://ibm.gov.in/writereaddata/files/07172017171755Monograph_Bauxite_ch9.pdf | title = Mining and Production of Bauxite in India| publisher = Bauxite Monograph | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref>

Lohardaga is known for producing world class bauxite. Hindalco Industries Ltd has 7 mining leases out of 9 active mines in Lohardaga district which supplies bauxite to [[Hindalco Industries|Hindalco's]] aluminium plants at [[Muri, Ranchi|Muri]] and [[Renukoot]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://lohardaga.nic.in/mines-and-minerals/ | title = Lohardaga, Mines and Minerals| publisher = District administration | access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 10 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref> A ropeway connecting Bagru mines and Lohardaga has been a popular tourist attraction.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Title feature on the seventh page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 22 October 2021}}</ref>

Bauxite mining on the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] is restricted mainly to Lohardaga and Gumla districts. Bagru Hill mine is operated as a mechanised [[Open-pit mining|open cast mine]]. The overburden is worked in benches in stages. The Bagru Hill Bauxite ore is blended with Bauxite from Bhusar mine. In Gumla district [[Jalim|Jalim Senai]], [[Gurdari]] and [[Serangdag]] mines of Hindalco are operated manually/ semi-mechanised methods.<ref name=bauxite/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Lohardaga district]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Jharkhand]]

Lukharia

2024-04-05T22:24:24Z

Theentrepreneur: put up the details w/ refs

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lukharia
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kotla block Lukharia.png
| map_caption = Map showing Lukharia in Kotla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.27211|N|78.43861|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.971
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 719
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Lukharia''' ({{IAST|Lukhariyā}}) is a village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 719, in 132 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Lukharia had a population of 719, in 132 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|102}} This population was 51.9% male (373) and 48.1% female (346). The 0-6 age group numbered 123 (69 male and 54 female), making up 17.1% of the total population. 714 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 99.3% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|104–5}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Lukharia as having a population of 333 people (177 male and 156 female), in 61 households and 61 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|188–9}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Lukharia as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 248 people (134 male and 114 female), in 37 households and 28 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 244 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Lukharia had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|102–7}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Tahab, Pulwama

2023-10-01T17:40:45Z

Theentrepreneur: new the entry more to come - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tahab Pulwama
| subdivision_name3 = [[Pulwama]]
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 4655
| coordinates = {{coord|33.5021|N|74.5552|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, india
| area_code = 01933
| utc_offset = +5:30
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| subdivision_type3 = Block/Tehsil
| official_name = Tahab Pulwama
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pulwama]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type1 = Union Territory
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type = Country
| settlement_type = Town
| elevation_m = 1588
}}
'''Tahab''' is a notified area and town in Pulwama district of Jammu and Kashmir in India and is governed by Tahab Gram Panchayat. It is located {{cvt|6.4|km}} east of district headquarters Pulwama and {{cvt|41.5|km}} from the state capital Srinagar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Census of India 2011 - JAMMU & KASHMIR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113234534/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA.pdf|archive-date=2015-11-13|access-date=2023-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/health/vax-hesitancy-high-among-women-in-rural-kashmir-over-fertility-concerns|title=Vax hesitancy high among women in rural Kashmir over fertility concerns|website=Greater Kashmir|date=22 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirreader.com/2021/06/03/police-destroys-poppy-cultivation-in-ganderbal-and-pulwama/|title=Police destroys poppy cultivation in Ganderbal and Pulwama|website=Kashmir Reader|date=2 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=5 brick kiln owners fined for looting consumers in South Kashmir|url=http://brighterkashmir.com//news/5-brick-kiln-owners-fined-for-looting-consumers-in-south-kashmir|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Brighter Kashmir}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Chakoora Pulwama]]
*[[Wasoora Pulwama]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pulwama district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Kommidi Narasimha Reddy

2022-11-09T12:48:14Z

Theentrepreneur: small expand formatting per standard format and updated info per standard format

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2014}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kommidi Narasimha Reddy
| image =
|office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Ex. MLA]]
| constituency = [[Bhongir (Assembly constituency)|Bhongir]], [[Telangana]]
|term_start = 1978
|term_end = 1985
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|df=yes|1943|09|10}}
| birth_place = [[Brhamanapally, Nalgonda district|Brhamanapally]], [[Bibinagar]], [[Nalgonda]], [[Telangana]].
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Sukanya
| children = 2 sons & 2 daughters
| website =
}}

'''Kommidi Narasimha Reddy''', also known as Bhudhan Reddy, is an Indian politician affiliated with the [[Indian National Congress]]. He won from [[Bhongir (Assembly constituency)|Bhongir constituency]], [[Nalgonda]] two times in 1978 and 1983 general elections.<ref>[http://missiontelangana.com/kommidi-narasimha-reddy/ Bhudhan Reddy - www.missiontelangana.com ]</ref> He gave 300 acres of land to poor people.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Kommidi Narasimha}}
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1978–1983]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1983–1985]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}