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O. J. Janeesh

2026-05-08T15:49:39Z

TessaLovins0: Created A Data

{{AI-generated|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Adv. O. J. Janeesh
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly
| term_start = May 2026
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Kodungallur (State Assembly constituency)|Kodungallur]]
| predecessor = [[V. R. Sunil Kumar]]
| successor =
| birth_name = O. J. Janeesh
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1989}}
| birth_place = [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]], [[Thrissur district]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| father = Janaranjanan
| occupation = Advocate, Politician
| education = BBA, LLB ([[Government Law College, Thrissur]])
}}

'''Adv. O. J. Janeesh''' (born 1989) is an Indian politician and lawyer currently serving as the member of the legislative assembly (MLA) for the [[Kodungallur (State Assembly constituency)|Kodungallur]] constituency in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="Express_Win" /><ref name="WinnersList" /> A member of the [[Indian National Congress]], he was elected in the [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], unseating the incumbent representative from the CPI.<ref name="TOI_Janeesh" /><ref name="News18_Result" />

== Early life and education ==
O. J. Janeesh was born to Janaranjanan in the [[Thrissur district]] of Kerala.<ref name="Affidavit_Janeesh" /> He completed his secondary education and later pursued a career in law. He graduated with a BBA;LL.B (Honours) double degree from the [[Government Law College, Thrissur]], affiliated with the [[University of Calicut]], in 2019.<ref name="MyNeta" /><ref name="Hindu_Janeesh" /> Before his entry into the state legislature, he practiced as an advocate.

== Political career ==
Janeesh rose to prominence through his involvement with the youth wing of the Congress party. In the 2026 Kerala Assembly elections, he was selected as the candidate for the Kodungallur seat, which had been held by the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] since 2016.<ref name="Mathrubhumi_Janeesh" />

In a result characterized as a significant shift in the region's political landscape, he polled 65,162 votes, defeating the incumbent [[V. R. Sunil Kumar]] of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) by a margin of 8,308 votes.<ref name="BT_Result" /> Following the results, political analysts noted the decrease in the LDF vote share in what was previously considered a stable constituency.<ref name="Deshabhimani_Janeesh" />

== Election results ==
=== 2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election ===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodungallur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[V. R. Sunil Kumar]]|votes=56,854|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=O.J Janeesh|votes=65,162|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=Dr. Varghese George|votes=23,933|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Dr. K. M. Francis Roy|votes=447|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BSP|candidate=Ravi A. K.|votes=488|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Nandgopan Vellathadi|votes=284|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=744|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 8308
|percentage = 5.66%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=INC gain from CPI ||swing=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=147912|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Express_Win">{{cite news |title=Kodungallur (Kerala) Assembly Election Result 2026: Adv. O J Janeesh of INC Wins |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/kodungallur-election-result-2026-winner-10669154/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="WinnersList">{{cite news |title=Kerala elections 2026: Full list of winners from Thrissur District |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/kerala-election-2026-live-constituency-wise-thrissur-results/article70908199.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="TOI_Janeesh">{{cite news |title=O J Janeesh of Congress wins Kodungallur by 8,308 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/kodungallur-results-2026/articleshow/130694499.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="News18_Result">{{cite news |title=Kodungallur Election Result Highlights: Adv. O J Janeesh wins for Congress |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kodungallur-assembly-election-result-2026-live-updates-winner/ |work=[[News18]] |date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="Affidavit_Janeesh">{{cite web |title=Candidate Affidavit: Adv. O J Janeesh |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/O_J_Janeesh_2026 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 March 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="MyNeta">{{cite web |title=Adv. O J Janeesh (Indian National Congress): Constituency - Kodungallur (Thrissur) - Affidavit Information |url=https://www.myneta.info/Kerala2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=509 |publisher=Association for Democratic Reforms |access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="Hindu_Janeesh">{{cite news |title=Adv. O J Janeesh, KODUNGALLUR constituency, INC: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Kerala2026/adv-o-j-janeesh-509/ |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="Mathrubhumi_Janeesh">{{cite news |title=Kodungallur shifts to UDF: Adv. O J Janeesh secures victory |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/election-results-2026-1.952319 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="BT_Result">{{cite news |title=Kodungallur Election Results 2026 Highlights: INC holds Kodungallur O.J Janeesh wins with 65162 votes |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/elections/kerala/story/kodungallur-assembly-election-results-2026-529167-2026-05-04 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=4 May 2026}}</ref>

<ref name="Deshabhimani_Janeesh">{{cite news |title=LDF loses Kodungallur; CPI analyzes vote share dip |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/election-results-analysis/1154322 |work=[[Deshabhimani]] |date=6 May 2026}}</ref>

}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janeesh, O. J.}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2026–2031]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]

Ramesh Pisharody

2026-05-05T09:49:30Z

TessaLovins0:

{{short description|Indian stand-up-comedian, actor, director, impressionist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox comedian
| name = Ramesh Pisharody
| image = RameshPisharody2016SOP.jpg
| caption = Pisharody in 2016
| birth_name = Ramesh T. V.
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1981|10|1}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/happy-birthday-ramesh-pisharody-kunchacko-boban-and-unni-mukundan-wish-the-actor/articleshow/78423824.cms |title=Ramesh Pisharodi: Happy Birthday Ramesh Pisharody: Kunchacko Boban and Unni Mukundan wish the actor | Malayalam Movie News |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=October 2020 |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719063241/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/happy-birthday-ramesh-pisharody-kunchacko-boban-and-unni-mukundan-wish-the-actor/articleshow/78423824.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = Kuthanur, [[Alathur]], [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]], India
| active = 2000{{endash}}present
| medium = {{hlist|Stage|film|television}}
| genre = [[Observational comedy]]
| subject = {{hlist|[[Everyday life]]|[[Malayali|Malayali people]]|[[culture of Kerala]]||Kerala politicians|Malayalam cinema}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Sowmya
| children = 3
| website = {{url|https://rameshpisharody.com/}}
}}
'''Ramesh T. V.''' (born 1 October 1981), professionally credited as '''Ramesh Pisharody''', is an Indian [[stand-up comedian]], [[Impressionist (entertainment)|impressionist]], television presenter, actor, film director and politician. He works in [[Malayalam]] television shows, stage, and cinema. He is particularly known for his [[observational comedy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramesh Pisharody introduces his family to social media for first time|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/ramesh-pisharody-introduces-his-family-to-social-media-for-first-time-1.4918558|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911150537/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/ramesh-pisharody-introduces-his-family-to-social-media-for-first-time-1.4918558|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Funny Nights with Pearle Maaney is back with Ramesh Pisharody and Dharmajan – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/funny-nights-with-pearle-maaney-is-back-with-ramesh-pisharody-and-dharmajan/articleshow/76425059.cms|access-date=8 September 2020|website=The Times of India|date=17 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ramesh Pisharody: I now think thrice before saying anything – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ramesh-pisharody-i-now-think-thrice-before-saying-anything/articleshow/71612878.cms|access-date=8 September 2020|website=The Times of India|date=16 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Pisharody was born as the youngest son in the family and has four siblings. He studied his first and second grades at [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] in [[Velloor]].<ref name="TH1"/> It was an English-medium school, where he made his mimicry debut by imitating a dog's barking for a musical drama. After putting pressure on his family, he was moved to a [[Malayalam]]-medium school from his third grade onward so that he could enjoy holidays on Saturdays. The new school had no school uniform. Since then, he has been participating in mimicry competitions.<ref name="TH2"/>

After winning second prize at a youth festival at [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala]], he started getting stage programmes. In 2000, he joined Cochin Stallions, the mimicry troupe formed by actor [[Salim Kumar]], where he worked for four years. Meanwhile, he completed his graduation in Politics from [[Dewaswom Board College]], [[Thalayolaparambu]]. After which, he teamed up with mimicry artist Sajan Palluruthi and together they did several programmes.<ref name="TH1"/>

==Film career==
===2000-2007===
He joined [[Salim Kumar]]'s mimicry troupe Cochin Stallions when it was formed in 2000 and worked for four years. He also made his television debut in 2000 in an [[Onam]]-special program with Salim Kumar on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]. Three years later, he began working with comedians [[Sajan Palluruthy]] and Kalabhavan Prajod in the comedy program ''Comedy Show'' on Asianet. Later, he went on to work in more comedy programs in Asianet, such as ''[[Cinemala]]'', ''Five Star Thattukada'', and ''Comedy Cousins''. It was while working in ''Cinemala'' he first met [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]], both of them would later team up to form a comedy duo. When [[Asianet Plus]] was launched in 2005, Pisharody and Dharmajan co-hosted the comedy show ''Bluffmasters''. The show was a breakthrough in their career and it ran for more than 450 episodes. Besides, he also frequently performs on stage as a stand-up comedian.<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|last=M.|first=Athira|title=Seriously funny|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/seriously-funny/article4315814.ece|access-date=10 June 2019|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="TH2">{{cite news|last=M.|first=Athira|title=Comedy central|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/Comedy-central/article14391777.ece|access-date=10 June 2019|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 June 2016}}</ref>

===2008-2017===
He debuted as a film actor through ''[[Positive (2008 film)|Positive]]'' (2008) in a prominent supporting role. Although his first release was ''[[Nasrani (film)|Nasrani]]'' (2007) in which he played a minor role. He then went on to act in several Malayalam films, mostly in supporting roles. In the 2014 film ''[[To Noora with Love]]'', he acted in a negative role. His first leading role was in the comedy film ''[[Kappal Muthalaali]]'' (2009).<ref>{{cite web|title=Ramesh Pisharodi|url=http://www.asianetglobal.com/show/badai-bungalow/characters/559|publisher=asianetglobal.com}}</ref><ref name=article/> His other notable films include ''[[Celluloid (film)|Celluloid]]'' (2013), ''[[Left Right Left (film)|Left Right Left]]'' (2013), ''[[Immanuel (film)|Immanuel]]'' and ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]''. In 2013, Dharmajan and Pisharody teamed again for the comedy series ''[[Badai Bungalow]]'' on Asianet with Pisharody as co-host (with [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]) and Dharmajan as actor. It aired for five years.

===2018-2026===
Pisharody made his directional debut in 2018 through the comedy-drama ''[[Panchavarnathatha]]'' starring [[Jayaram]] and [[Kunchacko Boban]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=M|first=Athira|date=4 April 2018|title=Ramesh Pisharody on his directorial debut|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ramesh-pisharody-turns-director/article23433672.ece|access-date=8 September 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2017|title=Ramesh Pisharody turns director|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/021017/ramesh-pisharody-turns-director.html|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> which received favourable reviews and successful run at the box office. His second directional venture was ''[[Ganagandharvan]]'' with [[Mammootty]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newscoopz.com/ganagandharvan-mammootty-ramesh-pisharody-movie-announced/|title=Ganagandharvan: Mammootty to star in Ramesh Pisharody's next|date=2 November 2018|work=Newscoopz.com|access-date=2 November 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mammooty's next is 'Ganagandharvan' to be directed by Ramesh Pisharody|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mammooty-s-next-ganagandharvan-be-directed-ramesh-pisharody-90975|access-date=8 September 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com|date=2 November 2018 }}</ref> On 5 May 2026, following his election victory from the [[Palakkad Assembly constituency]], Ramesh Pisharody announced a five-year break from films and stage shows to focus on public service in [[Palakkad]].<ref>{{cite web |title='സിനിമാഭിനയം നിർത്തി, സ്റ്റേജ് ഷോകളും ചെയ്യില്ല, ഇനിയുള്ള 5 വർഷം പാലക്കാടിന് വേണ്ടി മാത്രം': രമേഷ് പിഷാരടി|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/kerala-news/stop-acting-in-films-and-will-not-do-stage-shows-next-5-years-will-be-dedicated-to-palakkad-ramesh-pisharody-articleshow-615o4ms |website=Asianet News |date=2026-05-05 |access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref>

== Political career ==
A longtime [[Indian National Congress]] supporter, Ramesh won in the [[Palakkad Assembly constituency|Palakkad assembly]] for [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2026-03-17 |title=Congress’s first Kerala candidate list out: Ramesh Pisharody, Aisha Potty and A Suresh to contest |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/congresss-first-kerala-candidate-list-out-ramesh-pisharody-aisha-potty-and-a-suresh-to-contest |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-17 |title=People of Palakkad are my first priority, says Ramesh Pisharody as he joins electoral fray |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/ramesh-pisharody-udf-congress-palakkad-assembly-candidate-facebook-post-gt3vsjxp |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ramesh is married to Soumya and the couple have three children.<ref name=article>{{cite news|title=Pisharody's Badayi...|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=17199655&programId=1073753134&channelId=-1073751306&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=5|publisher=[[manoramaonline.com]]|author=M. K. Kuriakkose|date=11 December 2014}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
===As actor===
====Films====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Nasrani (film)|Nasrani]]'' || Biju Cherian (TV Reporter) || Cameo
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Positive (2008 film)|Positive]]'' || Cherry || Debut film
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2009 || ''Achanum Ammayum Chirichappol'' || Binoy Eepan ||
|-
| ''[[Kappal Muthalaali]]'' || Bhoominathan || Leading role
|-
| rowspan=2 |2011 || ''[[Maharaja Talkies]]'' || Avinash ||
|-
| ''[[Veeraputhran]]'' || Akbar ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Manthrikan]]'' || Subrahmanyan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2013 || ''[[Celluloid (film)|Celluloid]]'' || Pillai ||
|-
| ''[[Immanuel (film)|Immanuel]]'' || Venkatesh ||
|-
| ''[[Left Right Left (film)|Left Right Left]]'' ||Chandradas BBVP member ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2014 || ''[[Salala Mobiles]]'' || Shajahan ||
|-
| ''[[Manja (film)|Manja]]'' || Krish K.K ||
|-
| ''[[Peruchazhi]]'' || Minister's assistant ||
|-
| ''Nakshathrangal'' || Vinod ||
|-
| ''[[To Noora with Love]]'' || Brother James ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2015 || ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' || Nallavanaya Unni ||
|-
| ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' || Sojan || Cameo
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2016 || ''[[Aadupuliyattam]]'' || Sunny ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Muthassi Gadha]]'' || Fejo ||
|-
| ''Angane Thanne Nethave Anjettennam Pinnale'' || Wilson Puthuppally ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2017 || ''[[Ramante Edanthottam]]'' || Varmaji ||
|-
| ''[[Achayans]]'' || Fr. Jose Keerikkadan ||
|-
| ''GandhiNagaril Unniyarcha'' || Das Injathotty ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2018 || ''[[Daivame Kaithozham K. Kumar Akanam]]'' || TV News reader ||
|-
| ''[[Kuttanadan Marpappa]]'' || Peter ||
|-
| ''[[Chalakkudikkaran Changathi]]'' || Production Controller ||
|-
| ''[[Chanakya Thanthram]]'' || Music director{{clarify|date = October 2019}} || Cameo
|-
| ''[[Laughing Apartment Near Girinagar (2018)|Laughing Apartment Near Girinagar]]'' || Sunny ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2019 || ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' || Newsreporter ||
|-
| ''[[Pattabhiraman]]'' || Unni ||
|-
| ''[[Kumbarees]]'' || Psycho Ramu ||
|-
| ''[[Ulta (2019 film)|Ulta]]'' || Purushothaman ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2021 || ''[[The Priest (2020 film)|The Priest]]'' || Dr. Sanjay ||
|-
| ''[[Mohan Kumar Fans]]'' || Sajimon ||
|-
| ''Laughing Budha'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Archana 31 Not Out]]'' || Satheeshan||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2022 || ''No Way Out'' || David Cheriyan ||
|-
| ''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]'' || Vinay, C.B.I. Officer ||
|-
| ''[[Malikappuram]]'' || Unni ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2023 || ''[[Pendulum (2023 film)|Pendulum]]'' || Dr. Jain Joseph||
|-
| ''[[Voice of Sathyanathan]]'' || YouTuber Stephen ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-18 |title=Ramesh Pisharody to team up with Vijay Babu for his next |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ramesh-pisharody-to-team-up-with-vijay-babu-for-his-next/articleshow/102826232.cms |access-date=2023-08-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Queen Elizabeth (2023 film)|Queen Elizabeth]]'' || Abhi ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meera Jasmine and Narain's Queen Elizabeth gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/dec/13/meera-jasmine-and-narains-queen-elizabeth-gets-a-release-date-50338.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=13 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2024 || ''Pattapakal'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-06 |title='Pattapakal' release: Krishna Sankar starrer to release on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pattapakal-release-krishna-sankar-starrer-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/109882231.cms |access-date=2024-06-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Idiyan Chandhu]]'' || Unmesh Kumar ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-17 |title=Chandhune Tholpikkan Aavoollada song from Idiyan Chandhu out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/17/chandhune-tholpikkan-aavoollada-song-from-idiyan-chandhu-out |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam]]'' || Rajesh Jeevan's friend ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-10-27 |title=Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam trailer promises a gripping investigative thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Oct/27/oru-anweshanathinte-thudakkam-trailer-promises-a-gripping-investigative-thriller |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Porattu Naadakam'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-14 |title=Saiju Kurup's Porattu Naadakam gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/14/saiju-kurups-porattu-naadakam-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Aap Kaise Ho]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-02-04 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan's Aap Kaiso Ho gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/04/dhyan-sreenivasans-aap-kaiso-ho-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2026 || ''[[Pennu Case]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-12-17 |title=Nikhila Vimal's Pennu Case gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Dec/17/nikhila-vimals-pennu-case-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ashakal Aayiram]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-01 |title=Jayaram, Kalidas Jayaram's 'Ashakal Aayiram' cleared for release with 'U' certificate |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jayaram-kalidas-jayarams-ashakal-aayiram-cleared-for-release-with-u-certificate/articleshow/127841226.cms |access-date=2026-02-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| Ee Thani Niram}} || {{TableTBA}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=Anoop Menon's Ee Thani Niram gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Jan/28/anoop-menons-ee-thani-niram-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==== Web series ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Nagendran's Honeymoons]]'' || Paulose || Malayalam ||[[Disney+ Hotstar]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/06/nagendrans-honeymoons-trailer-suraj-venjaramoodu-on-a-wedding-spree |title=Nagendran's Honeymoons trailer: Suraj Venjaramoodu on a wedding spree|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Lead Cast
! Notes
|-
| 2018|| ''[[Panchavarnathatha]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Anusree]]||Directorial Debut
|-
| 2019|| ''[[Ganagandharvan]]''||[[Mammootty]], Vandana||
|}

===As Dubbing artist===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Dubbed for !! Character
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Sita Ramam]]'' (Malayalam )|| [[Vennela Kishore]] ||Durjoy Sharma
|-
|}

== Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year(s)
! Program
!Role
! Channel
! Notes
|-
|2000||''Salam Saleem''||Host||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]|| TV debut
|-
|2003–2004||''Comedy Nagar Second Street''||Various roles||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
| ||''Comedy Show''||Host||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2003–2009||''[[Cinemala]]''||Various roles||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]|| Also as script writer
|-
|2004–2009||''Bluff Masters''||Co-Host||[[Asianet Plus]]|| with [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]]
|-
|2006||''5 Star Thattukada''||||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||Serial
|-
|2007||''Comedy Cousins''||Co-Host||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2008||''Minnum Tharam''||Himself||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2011||''Paattukalude Paattu''||||[[Surya TV]]||Serial
|-
|2013–2018||''[[Badai Bungalow]]''||Host||Asianet ||rowspan=2| Comedy/Celebrity talk show<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ramesh Pisharody joins Arya on Badai Bungalow – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ramesh-pisharody-joins-arya-on-badai-bungalow/articleshow/71407916.cms|access-date=8 September 2020|website=The Times of India|date=2 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015||''Cinema Chirima''||Host||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|-
|2015||''Ulagadana Raavu''||Host||Flowers TV||Launch event
|-
|2015–2017||''Evide Ellarkum Sugham''||Host||[[DD Malayalam]]|| Phone-in program
|-
|2016–2017||''Home Minister''||Co-Host||[[Amrita TV]]||Game show
|-
|2017||''[[D 4 Dance|D3]]''||Celebrity Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||Reality show
|-
|2017||''Komedy Circus''||Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||Reality show
|-
|2017||''Lal Salam''||Himself||Amrita TV||Keerthi Chakra Promotion
|-
|2018||''Thakarppan Comedy''||Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||Game show
|-
|2018||''Comedy Utsavam''||Judge||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2018||''Utsavam Super Star''||Judge||Flowers TV||Reality show
|-
|2018||''Comedy Stars Plus''||Judge||[[Asianet Plus]]||Reality show
|-
|2018 ||''Thamasha Bazaar''||Himself||Zee Keralam||Comedy talk show
|-
|2019–2020||''Big Salute''||Host Judge||Mazhavil manorama||Reality show
|-
|2019||''Paadam Namuk Paadam''||Celebrity Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||Reality show
|-
|2020||''Comedy Stars Season 2''||Judge||Asianet||Reality show
|-
|2020||''[[Top Singer (TV series)|Top Singer]]''||Grand finale Judge ||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2022||''[[Top Singer (TV series)|Top Singer Season 2]]''||Judge ||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2020-2021||''Engane oru Bharyayum Bharthavum''||Judge||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2020||''Utsavam With Lalettan''||Host||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||Christmas special program
|-
|2021||''[[Super 4 (Indian TV series)|Super 4 Season 2]]''||Celebrity Judge||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||Reality show
|-
|2021||''Star Magic''||Mentor||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||Game show
|-
|2021-2022||''Funs Upon a time season 1''||Judge / Producer||[[Amrita TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2021||''Lets Rock And Roll''||Participant||[[Zee Keralam]]||Game show
|-
|2021||''Aram+Aram=Kinnaram''||Judge||Surya TV||Reality show
|-
|2021||''[[Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri]]''||Celebrity Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||Reality show
|-
|2022||''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Keralam]]''||Special Jury||Zee Keralam||Reality show
|-
|2022-2023||''Funs Upon a time season 2''||Judge / Producer||[[Amrita TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2022-2023||''Star Comedy Magic''||Mentor||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||Game show
|-
|2022||''Comedy Stars season 3''||Judge||Asianet||Reality show
|-
|2023||''Funs Upon a time season 1''||Judge / Producer||[[Amrita TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2023- 2024||''Kidilam''||Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||Reality show
|-
|2023||''Rasakadhanayakan Jayaram''||Host||Amrita TV||Special show
|-
|2023-2025||''[[Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri|Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri 2]]''||Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||Reality show
|-
|2024- present||''Funs Upon a time season 4''||Judge / Producer||[[Amrita TV]]||Reality show
|-
|2024||''[[Star Singer|Star Singer season 9]]''||Guest||Asianet||Reality show <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-singer-takes-a-vacation-ahead-of-bigg-boss-malayalam-6-actor-jayaram-to-grace-the-summer-festival/articleshow/107659132.cms|title=Star Singer takes a 'vacation' ahead of Bigg Boss Malayalam |work=[[The Times Of India]] |date=13 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2024- present||Ormayilennum||Host||Amrita TV||Chat show
|-
|2025-2026
|''[[Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri|Bumper Chiri Unlimited Chiri]]''
|Judge
|[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/entertainment/latest/2025/12/15/bumper-chiri-mazhavil-manorama.html|title=ഇനി ചിരിയുടെ പൊടിപൂരം; അടിമുടി പുതുമകളുമായി ‘ബംബർ ചിരി’|publisher=Manorama News}}</ref>
|-
|2026-present
|''[[Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri|Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri 3]]''
|Judge
|[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/oru-chiri-iru-chiri-bumper-chiri-is-back-jayaram-and-kalidas-to-grace-the-premiere-episode/articleshow/127282001.cms|title=Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri is back; Jayaram and Kalidas to grace the premiere episode|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref>
|}

==Awards==
*2015: [[Asianet Comedy Awards]] – Best Anchor
*2016: [[Asianet Television Awards]] – Entertainer of the Year
*[[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]] – Yuva Prathibha Puraskaram (mimicry)
*Asiavision Film Awards – Promising Director in Family Entertainment
*2018: Flowers TV awards -Best Anchor
*2019: Mazhavil Entertainment Awards – All-rounder

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3542089}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pisharody, Ramesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Male actors from Palakkad]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni]]
[[Category:Malayalam comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kottayam]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1983 births]]

Reeta Devi (politician)

2026-04-20T10:00:42Z

TessaLovins0: Created A Bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Reeta Devi
| image =
| caption = Reeta Devi
| father =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|11|26|df=y}}<ref name=memberbio/>
| alma_mater =
| education = [[12th grade|12th]], [[Industrial training institute|ITI Diploma]]
| children =
| parents = Dulo Ram Krishna Devi
| spouse =
| birth_place = Bhugnara, [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| constituency = [[Indora Assembly constituency|Indora constituency]]
| predecessor = Manohar Dhiman
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_end =
| term_start = 2017
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| constituency1 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| committees =
}}
'''Reeta Devi''' (born 26 November 1975) is an Indian politician from [[Himachal Pradesh]]. She was a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] from [[Indora Assembly constituency]].<ref name=memberbio>{{Cite web|url=https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Member/Details/476|title=Details of MLA Reeta Devi|website=hpvidhansabha.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-2017/live-updates-himachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-results/article21830225.ece|title=Reeta Devi won from Indora constituency in Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election results live|website=thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/?do=download&r=8976&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=fb6cae69c039bd3efff062035fad28a7|title=Pdf ― list of Himachal Pradesh 2017 Legislative election winning candidates|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> Reeta Devi won from Indora constituency in the [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/himachal-pradesh/indora-mla-results|title=Reeta Devi won from Indora constituency in Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2017 elections|newspaper=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/himachal-pradesh-assembly-election/article/indora-constituency-hp-elections-bjp-congress-katoch-clan/121436|title=Reeta Devi won from Indora constituency by defeating INC candidate Kamal Kishore|newspaper=Times Now News}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Devi was born in Bhugnara, [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] to Dulo Ram and Krishna Devi. She did her school education up to [[12th grade|Secondary education]]. Later, she did an ITI diploma in Cutting and Embroidery from ITI Dharmshala.<ref name=memberbio/>

==Politics==
Devi's active state politics started from 2010 as she became the Zila Parishad from 2010 to 2015.<ref name=memberbio/> In 2017, she was elected to the 13th Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly in December, 2017.<ref name=memberbio/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/himachal-pradesh-election-2017-full-list-of-winners-live-updates-4988241/|title=Reeta Devi won from Indora constituency in Himachal Pradesh Assembly election 2017-full list winners|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/HimachalPradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=3145|title=ADR data on Criminal and asset declaration of Reeta Devi, winner of Indora assembly constituency|website=My Neta Info}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Members of the 13th Vidhan Sabha from Himachal Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Reeta}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]

Chandrayangutta Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:25:07Z

TessaLovins0: Creating A Article W/ Infobox...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chandrayanagutta
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (67-Chandrayangutta highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Chandrayanagutta Assembly constituency within Telangana
| type = SLA
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hyderabad]]
| constituency_no = 67
| established = 1951
| reservation = None 
| abolished =
| mla = [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]
| incumbent_image = File:Akbaruddin_Owaisi_Picture.jpg
| party = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| electors = 3,63,278
}}

'''Chandrayanagutta Assembly Constituency''' is constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/close-contest-between-mim-and-mbt-in-chandrayangutta/article5919764.ece|title=Close contest between MIM and MBT in Chandrayangutta|first=Asif Yar|last=Khan|date=17 April 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> It is one of 15 constituencies in the capital city of [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/582-candidates-in-fray-in-Hyderabad-Ranga-Reddy-districts/articleshow/33676445.cms|title=582 candidates in fray in Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy districts - Times of India}}</ref> It is part of [[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency]]. [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]], floor leader of [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] in [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] represents the constituency.

==Extent of the constituency==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following neighbourhoods:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Neighbourhood
|-
| [[Chandrayan Gutta]]
|-
|- Aziz Colony Chandrayangutta))
|-
| [[Barkas, Hyderabad|Barkas]]
|-
| Bandlaguda
|-
| Moin Bagh
|-
| Jangammet
|-
| Rakshapuram
|-
| [[Edi Bazar]] (part)
|-
| [[Uppuguda]] (part)
|-
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
[[File:The election results are being updated at a Chandrayangutta Assembly Segment Counting Centre, in Hyderabad on May 16, 2009.jpg|right|thumb|Election results being updated at a Chandrayangutta Assembly Segment Counting Centre, in Hyderabad on May 16, 2009]]
Members of Legislative State Assembly, who represented Chandrayangutta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/telangana/assembly-constituencies/chandrayangutta.html|title=Chandrayangutta Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Chandrayangutta, Telangana|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! MLA
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Ekbote Gopal Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|United Andra Pradesh State Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Amanullah Khan (Indian politician)|Amanullah Khan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| {{Full party name with color|Majlis Bachao Tahreek}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==
===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Chandrayangutta}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes = 99,776
|percentage = 64.89
|change = -3.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Muppidi Seetharam Reddy
|party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
|votes = 18,116
|percentage = 11.78
|change = +1.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kowdi Mahendar
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 16,414
|percentage = 10.67
|change = -0.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Boya Nagesh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 14,589
|percentage = 9.49
|change = +1.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,460
|percentage = 0.95
|change = +0.23
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 81,660
|percentage = 53.11
|change = -4.49
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,53,771
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|
|winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: [[Chandrayangutta]]}}
{{
Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]<ref>[http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/42789/266 Chandrayangutta 2018 results]</ref>
|votes = 95,341
|percentage = 67.95
|change = +9.4
}}
{{
Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shahejadi Sayyad
|votes = 15,078
|percentage = 10.75
|change = new
}}
{{
Election box candidate with party link
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = Muppidi Seetharam Reddy
|votes = 14,227
|percentage = 10.14
|change = +4.8
}}
{{
Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Esa Misri
|votes = 11,310
|percentage = 8.06
|change = +4.3
}}
{{
Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 1,010
|percentage = 0.72
|change =
}}
{{
Election box majority
|votes = 80,264
|percentage = 57.6
|change = +14.0
}}
{{
Election box turnout
|votes = 1,40,302
|percentage = 47.80
|change = -3.8
}}
{{
Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telangana Legislative Election 2018 Result |url=https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-2018/?do=download&r=23481&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=c5b47e5feebc83afbea4dbfce36d402e |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly Election, 2014]]: [[Chandrayangutta]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]<ref>[http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34794/239 Chandrayangutta 2014 results]</ref>
| votes = 80,393
| percentage = 59.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Majlis Bachao Tahreek
| candidate = Dr. Khayam Khan
| votes = 21,119
| percentage = 15.55
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = M. Prakash Mudiraj
| votes = 17,391
| percentage = 12.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = Muppidi Seetharam Reddy
| votes = 7,278
| percentage = 5.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = B. R. Sadanand
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 5,120
|percentage = 3.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 59,274
| percentage = 43.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,35,831
| percentage = 51.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Trivia==
* [[Amanullah Khan (Indian politician)|Mohd. Amanullah Khan]], founder of [[Majlis Bachao Tehreek]], served the constituency for five terms as he won four times as Majlis candidate and one time as MBT Candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/close-contest-between-mim-and-mbt-in-chandrayangutta/article5919764.ece|title=Close contest between MIM and MBT in Chandrayangutta|first=Asif Yar|last=Khan|date=17 April 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Since then, [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]], the Floor Leader of MIM In Telangana assembly, has represented the constituency. MIM and MBT have a strong rivalry in the constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siasat.com/news/its-mim-vs-mbt-old-city-566542/|title=It's MIM Vs MBT In The Old City - The Siasat Daily|website=www.siasat.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Chandrayan Gutta|Chandrayangutta]]
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|17.309|78.471|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:Politics of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Bengaluru–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor

2026-04-14T02:02:57Z

TessaLovins0: data.

{{Short description|Road in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2011}}
{{infobox road
| type = Expressway
| country = IND
| name = Bengaluru–Mysuru Infrastructure Corridor
| alternate_name = '''Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises Road'''
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q3633431|title=NICE Peripheral Ring Road|text= {{center|NICE Peripheral Ring Road}}}}
| map_custom = yes
| length_km = 40
| image = NICE Road Clover leaf junction (2025) 33.jpg
| image_notes = NICE road at clover leaf junction, Somapura
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a = [[Bengaluru]]
| junction = {{bulleted list
|[[Hosur Road]] junction at [[Electronic City]]
|[[Bannerghatta Road]] junction at [[Gottigere]]
|[[Kanakapura Road]] junction at Talaghattapura
|Clover Leaf Intersection
|[[Hosakerehalli]] junction near [[Nayandahalli]]
|[[Mysuru Road]] junction at [[Kengeri]]
|Magadi Road junction at Gollarahatti
|Tumkur Road junction near BIEC
}}
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b = [[Mysuru]]
| formed = 1996
| history =
| states = [[Karnataka]]
| maint = '''Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises Road'''
}}

The '''Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises Road''', commonly known as '''NICE Road''', is a partially implemented and largely scrapped 4 to 6 lane [[private highway|private]] [[toll road|tolled]] [[Expressways of India|expressway]] in Karnataka,<ref>{{cite news|title=119 km Bengaluru – Mysuru Expressway project on NH-275 is an under construction 6-10 lane access-controlled highway with a route alignment in Karnataka.This mix of brownfield-upgrade (60%) and greenfield (40%) project was envisioned as an alternate to the now-scrapped Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises (NICE) Road |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/nhai-bengaluru-mysuru-expressway-route-map-status-update/ |date=2012-10-25|work=themetrorailguy|location=Bangalore |access-date=2012-03-13}}</ref> that was intended to connect the two important cities [[Bengaluru]] and [[Mysuru]] in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. It will not be implemented, as [[National Highway 275 (India)|Bengaluru–Mysuru access-controlled Highway part of NH 275]] is going to replace it as a section of the new Bengaluru–Mangaluru Industrial Corridor (EC-34).

As of May 2017, around 800,000 vehicles use the road daily on its presently operational section from [[Electronic City]] on [[Hosur Road]] to [[Tumkur|Tumakuru]] Road.<ref>{{cite news|title=Now, BMRCL chalks out a 'NICE' plan for Namma Metro - The Economic Times|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/transportation/railways/now-bmrcl-chalks-out-a-nice-plan-for-namma-metro/articleshow/58570205.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=8 May 2017|last1=Yadav|first1=Umesh}}</ref>

There has been accusation of irregularities in the execution of the Bengaluru Mysuru Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) by the Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprise (NICE).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/nice-project-hdk-to-approach-pm-modi-with-documents-1244036.html | title=NICE project: HDK to approach PM Modi with documents }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Aerial view of NICE Road toll booth.jpg|thumb|left|NICE Road toll plaza]]
In conjunction with a 1995 Trade Mission to India sponsored by the then Governor of Massachusetts, [[William Weld]], a memorandum of understanding was signed by Consortium members, Indian officials, including then [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Karnataka Chief Minister]], [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], and U.S. officials, which set the stage for launching the Bengaluru Mysuru Infrastructure Corridor project. The Consortium, Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises (NICE), comprises the Kalyani Group of Companies, VHB International LTD. and SAB International LTD. to develop the Bengaluru Mysuru Infrastructure Corridor.

The project has been in controversy since the day of planning. In October 2012, the [[Lokayukta|Karnataka Lokayukta]] ordered a probe into several former chief ministers in matters relating to irregularities in land acquisition for the project.<ref name="lokayuktaprobe">{{cite news|title=Mysore infrastructure corridor project: Probe ordered against former Karnataka chief ministers |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/mysore-infrastructure-corridor-project-probe-ordered-against-former-karnataka-chief-ministers-284367 |first=Amit|last=Chaturvedi |date=2012-10-25|agency=NDTV |location=Bangalore |access-date=2012-10-25}}</ref>

==Status updates==
* '''Mar 2019:''' 4 km of expressway is completed, besides this 41 km of peripheral road and 8.5 km of link road is also constructed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/cm-mum-nice-project-he-once-703265.html|title = Kumaraswamy mum on NICE project he once opposed|date = 16 November 2018}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="nolines">
File:NICE Road Clover leaf junction (2025) 01.jpg|[[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]] statue at clover leaf junction
File:Nandi Economic Corridor Enterprises (2025).jpg|Nandi Economic Corridor Enterprises office at clover leaf junction
File:NICE Road Clover leaf junction (2025) 04.webm|Video of NICE road at clover leaf junction
File:Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises Road.jpg|Sunrise at NICE road
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[National Highway 275 (India)]]
* [[Expressways of India]]
* [[Infrastructure in Bengaluru]]
* [[Electronic City Elevated Expressway]]
* [[Inner Ring Road, Bengaluru]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Bengaluru]]
* [[Peripheral Ring Road]]
* [[Satellite Town Ring Road]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110621095048/http://www.bmicapa.org/ Bengaluru Mysuru Infrastructure Corridor Area Planning Authority]
{{commons category|Bengaluru–Mysuru Infrastructure Corridor}}
{{coord missing|Karnataka}}
{{Indian Highways Network}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bangalore - Mysore Infrastructure Corridor}}
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Transport in Mysore]]
[[Category:Roads in Bangalore Rural district]]
[[Category:Expressways in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Toll roads in India]]
[[Category:Roads in Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Roads in Mysore district]]
[[Category:Roads in Ramanagara district]]
[[Category:Roads in Mandya district]]

Paava Mannippu

2026-04-11T21:43:31Z

TessaLovins0: Created Details...

{{short description|1961 film by A. Bhimsingh}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Paava Mannippu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. Bhimsingh]]
| screenplay = A. Bhimsingh
| story = [[J. P. Chandrababu]] (uncredited)
| producer = A. Bhimsingh [[A. V. Meiyappan]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]]
*[[Gemini Ganesan]]
*[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]
*[[Devika]]
*[[M. R. Radha]]
}}
| cinematography = G. Vittal Rao
| editing = A. Bhimsingh
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| studio = {{plainlist|
*[[AVM Productions]]
*Buddha Pictures
}}
| distributor = AVM Productions
| released = {{film date|1961|3|16|df=y}}
| runtime = 196 minutes{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=370}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = ₹ 1.05 million{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=127–128}}
}}

'''''Paava Mannippu''''' ({{translation|Forgiveness of sins}}){{Sfnm|1a1=Baskaran|1y=1996|1p=129|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=370}} is a 1961 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed and edited by [[A. Bhimsingh]], who co-produced it under his banner Buddha Pictures, with [[AVM Productions]]. The film features an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], [[Devika]] and [[M. R. Radha]]. [[M. V. Rajamma]], [[V. Nagayya]], [[S. V. Subbaiah]] and [[T. S. Balaiah]] play supporting roles. It revolves around four children who are separated from their parents in childhood, then found and raised by foster parents of different religious backgrounds.

Bhimsingh initially began work on a film titled ''Abdullah'', starring [[J. P. Chandrababu]] who narrated the story to him. Though some scenes were filmed, Bhimsingh was unconvinced with the results; after AVM volunteered to co-produce the film, Bhimsingh redeveloped the script as ''Paava Mannippu'', with Chandrababu replaced by Sivaji Ganesan. The soundtrack and score were composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] while [[Kannadasan]] was the lyricist.

''Paava Mannippu'' was released on 16 March 1961. The film became a commercial success and a [[silver jubilee film]]. It received the [[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film]], becoming the first South Indian film to do so. The film achieved [[cult film|cult status]] in [[Tamil cinema]] and was remade into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Oke Kutumbham]]'' (1970) by Bhimsingh.

== Plot ==
Aalavandhar is a jeweller who lives with his wife Maragatham and two sons Ramu and Rajan. Out of greed, Aalavandhar kills a fellow jeweller who comes to sell him diamonds. When the police interrogate him, he smartly puts the blame on one of his workers named Manickam Pillai. Manickam lives with his wife and daughter Thangam. His wife, on learning that he is implicated in the murder, dies of shock immediately after delivering a baby girl. A sympathetic neighbour leaves the baby in Maragatham's custody and takes the elder daughter with her. Maragatham hands over the child to their family friend, James.

On learning of his wife's death, and before being arrested by the police, Manickam kidnaps Ramu in revenge and leaves him on a railway track to be killed. Before Manickam changes his mind and decides to rescue him, a local Muslim doctor saves the child and takes him away. All four children grow up: Aalavandhar's son Rajan, Ramu as Raheem in the doctor's house, Manickam's first daughter as Thangam in the neighbour's house, and his second daughter as Mary in James' house. Rajan falls in love with Thangam while Raheem likes Mary. The two women reciprocate their feelings.

Aalavandhar continues to indulge in illegal activities. Raheem, who has taken up his foster father's profession, protects the people living in a nearby slum area and fights for their rights. Though the slum does not belong to Aalavandhar, he claims it is his property, and plans to sell it for his own personal gain. Raheem and Aalavandhar often argue over this issue. Aalavandhar is also keen to get Mary married to Rajan so that he can inherit James' property. On learning of Raheem's love for Mary, Aalavandhar pours acid on his face while he is asleep to get rid of him. Though Raheem survives, his face is disfigured. Nevertheless, Mary continues to love him. On hearing of this, Aalavandhar implicates Raheem in a false charge of theft and an attempt to murder him; Raheem is arrested. While he is in jail, Aalavandhar has the slum vacated.

In the meantime, Manickam—who has served time in prison for the murder Aalavandhar committed—is released from jail for good behaviour and joins James as a driver to be with Mary. Rajan becomes a police officer and soon learns of his father's illegal activities. After having a frustrating argument with Aalavandhar, Rajan resigns his job as he does not wish to take action against his father. Raheem is soon released on bail and plans to get Rajan and Thangam married. Aalavandhar learns of this and, in a fit of rage, locks Raheem in a hut and sets it on fire. When Manickam learns of the conflict between Aalavandhar and Raheem, he reveals to Maragatham that Raheem is her son Ramu, whom he kidnapped. All of them rush to save Raheem. When Aalavandhar learns the truth about Raheem, he immediately realises his mistakes and saves him. Aalavandhar then confesses his wrongdoings to the police and is arrested. All the family members unite and propagate religious harmony.

== Cast ==

;Actors
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Ramu / Raheem
* [[Gemini Ganesan]] as Rajan{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=198}}
* [[M. R. Radha]] as Aalavandhar
* [[V. Nagayya]] as the Muslim doctor{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=198}}
* [[T. S. Balaiah]] as Manickam Pillai<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan |date=23 August 2014 |title=100 years of laughter |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/100th-birthday-of-one-of-actor-t-s-balaiah/article6345220.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203102456/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/100th-birthday-of-one-of-actor-t-s-balaiah/article6345220.ece |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=3 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[S. V. Subbaiah]] as James{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=198}}
* [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] as the [[Ayurveda|ayurvedic]] doctor
* S. Rama Rao as Aalavandhar's sidekick
;Actresses
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Thangam{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=198}}
* [[Devika]] as Mary
* [[M. V. Rajamma]] as Maragatham

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The idea for ''Paava Mannippu'' came to [[A. Bhimsingh]] based on a story narrated to him by [[J. P. Chandrababu]] involving a man who was born a Hindu, raised as a Muslim, and marries a Christian woman. Bhimsingh was impressed with Chandrababu's story and decided to direct a film based on it, in addition to producing it under his banner Buddha Pictures. The project was titled ''Abdullah''.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=125–126}}

Bhimsingh initially filmed {{Convert|2000|feet|metres}} of test footage with scenes featuring Chandrababu as the protagonist.<ref name="pava" /> Not convinced with the results, Bhimsingh sought [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]]'s opinion by screening the film footage for him. Saravanan liked the story and related it to his father [[A. V. Meiyappan]], who volunteered to co-produce the film with Bhimsingh under [[AVM Productions]]; Bhimsingh agreed and began to redevelop the script with the title ''Paava Mannippu''.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=125–126}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=3 June 2015 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 11 – "பீம்சிங் அல்ல பாம்சிங்" |trans-title=Try making a film 11 – "Not Bhimsingh, Pamsingh" |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/45718-11-quot-quot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812065715/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/45718-11-quot-quot.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> Chandrababu was not credited for the original story.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 June 2015 |title=நூல் அரங்கம் |trans-title=Library |url=https://www.dinamani.com/specials/nool-aragam/2015/jun/08/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-1128011.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813075128/https://www.dinamani.com/specials/nool-aragam/2015/jun/08/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-1128011.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |work=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> M. S. Solaimalai wrote the dialogues.<ref name="Guy" />

=== Casting and filming ===
While attending the marriage ceremony of [[Sivaji Ganesan]]'s brother V. C. Shanmugam, Bhimsingh approached Ganesan himself about taking on the lead role of Ramu / Raheem as he felt that the film would not work with Chandrababu as the protagonist.<ref name="pava" /> Chandrababu concurred and agreed with Bhimsingh's choice of Ganesan for the lead role. Ganesan agreed to take the role after being impressed with the script.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=127–128}}{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|pp=198–199}}

[[Devika]] was chosen to play Raheem's love interest Mary,{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=198}} for which she accepted a salary of ₹4,500.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 October 2016 |title=வசனம் எழுத மறுத்த முரசொலிமாறன் |trans-title=Murasoli Maran refused to write dialogues |url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2016/10/22134327/Write-verseRefusedMurasolimaaran.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201104439/http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2016/10/22134327/Write-verseRefusedMurasolimaaran.vpf |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref> The role of the diamond merchant Aalavandhar's ([[M. R. Radha]]) wife Maragatham was initially offered to [[P. Kannamba]], but because of her poor health at the time, Bhimsingh cast [[M. V. Rajamma]] instead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2018 |title=கண்டதும் கேட்டதும் 30 – பி.லெனின் |trans-title=Seen and Heard 30 – B. Lenin |url=https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/ilaignarmani/2018/jan/09/கண்டதும்-கேட்டதும்-30---பிலெனின்-2841769.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812062708/https://www.dinamani.com/weekly-supplements/ilaignarmani/2018/jan/09/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-30---%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-2841769.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref>{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=129}} [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] was cast as an [[Ayurveda|ayurvedic]] doctor, and ''Paava Mannippu'' was his final film as an actor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor |url=http://www.kothamangalamsubbu.com/actor.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424153653/http://www.kothamangalamsubbu.com/actor.shtml |archive-date=24 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2017 |website=Kothamangalam Subbu}}</ref>

[[Principal photography]] began with a [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] ceremony held at [[AVM Productions|AVM Studios]] on 20 January 1960.<ref name="pava" />{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=125}} The initial budget for the film was ₹4.5 lakh. After the inclusion of Ganesan in the cast instead of Chandrababu, as well as making appropriate changes to the original script, the budget spiralled to ₹10.5 lakh (worth ₹44 crore in 2021 prices).{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=127–128}}{{efn|The exchange rate in 1961 was 4.79 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2013 |title=Rupee's journey since Independence: Down by 65 times against dollar |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-24/news/41444029_1_indian-rupee-american-currency-continued-dollar-demand |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130829085318/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-24/news/41444029_1_indian-rupee-american-currency-continued-dollar-demand |archive-date=29 August 2013 |access-date=6 December 2014 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>|name=exchange}} The scene where [[Gemini Ganesan]]'s character plays [[mixed doubles]] was shot at [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]]'s courts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=25 August 2020 |title=#MadrasThroughTheMovies: Films that captured the 'sport'y Madras |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/madrasthroughthemovies-films-that-captured-the-sporty-madras/articleshow/77729580.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306041759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/madrasthroughthemovies-films-that-captured-the-sporty-madras/articleshow/77729580.cms |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=24 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The final length of the film was {{convert|17676|feet|metres}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1961 – பாவமன்னிப்பு – புத்தா பிக்சர்ஸ். |trans-title=1961 – Paava Mannippu – Buddha Pictures. |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1961-cinedetails22.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412153830/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1961-cinedetails22.asp |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=12 April 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Themes ==
{{Quote box
| title =
| quote = In the film [''Paava Mannipu''], we spoke against the feudal caste system and the righteousness of religious unity in our country. Through my character, they communicated the importance of brotherhood among Indians of various religions be they Christian, Hindu or Muslim.
| source = Sivaji Ganesan on the concept of the film{{Sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=142}}
| width = 30%
| align = right
}}
''Paava Mannippu'' revolves around the subject of religious tolerance and communal harmony.<ref name="Guy" />{{Sfnm|1a1=Baskaran|1y=1996|1p=130|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=370}} Film historians [[Ashish Rajadhyaksha]] and [[Paul Willemen]] believe that through the songs, the film attempts "to advocate a nationalist secularism."{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=370}} Tamil film historian and writer [[S. Theodore Baskaran]] notes that the liberal depiction of Muslims and Hindus living together in the slum area shows the "harmonious intermingling of the two communities." The central characters deliver what Baskaran describes as "pedagogic lines on the unity of all religions and on the equality of all human beings." The inclusion of religious symbols such as the [[crucifix]] and the figurine of [[the Buddha]] further stresses the importance of communal harmony.{{Sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=130}}

All three writers opine that three of the main characters – a Hindu diamond merchant (M. R. Radha), a Muslim village doctor (Sivaji Ganesan), and a Christian do-gooder (Devika) – symbolise the three major religions of Tamil Nadu. They further elaborate that since [[Kannadasan]], the film's lyricist, was affiliated with the erstwhile [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], he exhibited the political party's rationalist notions through his songs. While Baskaran says Kannadasan wrote "quite a few lines lampooning religion", Rajadhyaksha and Willemen state he "included ironic lines which redeem the didacticism of the script."{{Sfnm|1a1=Baskaran|1y=1996|1p=130|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=370}}

According to French film historian Yves Thoraval, ''Paava Mannippu'' questions religion; in the song "Vantha Naal Muthal" the hero wonders why religions were created.{{Sfn|Thoraval|2000|p=329}} In his book ''Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth'', S. Rajanayagam compared ''Paava Mannippu'' to two other Sivaji Ganesan-Bhimsingh films: ''[[Pasamalar]]'' (1961) and ''[[Parthal Pasi Theerum]]'' (1962) as the three films "sentimentalised the family-based fraternal, filial and paternal love."{{Sfn|Rajanayagam|2015|p=60}} Writing for ''[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]'', S. S. Vasan made a thematic comparison of "Vantha Naal Muthal" to [[Hemant Kumar]]'s song "Din Raat Badalte Hain" from ''Naya Sansaar'' (1959). Rajanayagam mentions how the personality of humans keeps changing despite natural elements around them remaining intact, while Vasan notes that everything is prone to change, including humans and natural elements, and nothing ever remains intact.{{Sfn|Rajanayagam|2015|p=60}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=வாசன் |first=எஸ். எஸ். |date=1 May 2015 |title=சூழல் ஒன்று பார்வை இரண்டு: மாற்றத்தின் மீது மாறுபட்ட பார்வைகள் |trans-title=Two different points of view of the same situation: A look at the concept of change |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/44685-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812065347/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/44685-.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack and score were composed by the duo [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] ([[M. S. Viswanathan]] and [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]]) while the lyrics for the songs were written by Kannadasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paava Mannippu (1961) |url=http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/paava-mannippu-t0000128 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201002551/http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/Paava-Mannippu-T0000128 |archive-date=1 December 2014 |access-date=22 November 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The songs were recorded on 45 RPM records made by [[Saregama|The Gramophone Company of India Ltd]], under whose label the soundtrack was also released.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pava Mannippu Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record |url=https://mossymart.com/product/pava-mannippu-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813083710/https://mossymart.com/product/pava-mannippu-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record/ |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paava Mannippu |url=http://www.saregama.com/album/paava-mannippu_102172 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201045439/http://www.saregama.com/album/paava-mannippu_102172 |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=[[Saregama]]}}</ref> The violin parts for the song "Vantha Naal Muthal", which is based on the ''[[Mohanam]]'' [[raga]],<ref name="Mani Raga" /> were played by Ramamoorthy himself. Mukul Bose, brother of film director [[Nitin Bose]], was the film's [[sound design]]er. For the recording of "Vantha Naal Muthal", Bose had to make use of an area that was allocated for filming as the recording theatre could not accommodate all the musicians. The song was recorded using [[Electrical wiring|electrical cable wires]] that ran to the film studio from the recording theatre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shivpprasadh |first=S. |date=18 April 2013 |title=Violin wizard |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/violin-wizard/article4630569.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201051027/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/violin-wizard/article4630569.ece |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Kannadasan acknowledged Jeyaraj, an artist in [[Chennai]], as the inspiration behind the lyrics "''Kalaigalile aval ovyiam''" in the song "Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=5 April 2017 |title=The man who gave faces to Appusamy and Seetha patti |url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/illustrator-jeyaraj-speaks-about-his-artistic-journey/article17828278.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412065133/http://www.thehindu.com/society/illustrator-jeyaraj-speaks-about-his-artistic-journey/article17828278.ece |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=12 April 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The soundtrack received critical acclaim, with "Aththan Ennaththan", "Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham", "Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum" and "Vantha Naal Muthal" becoming hits.<ref name="Guy" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=15 July 2015 |title=#RIPMSV: King of Light Music MS Viswanathan dies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ripmsv-king-of-light-music-ms-viswanathan-dies/story-igroQGEqQQbSnribiSeTIP.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201081240/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ripmsv-king-of-light-music-ms-viswanathan-dies/story-igroQGEqQQbSnribiSeTIP.html |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The soundtrack was particularly popular in [[Sri Lanka]], where the songs were frequently broadcast on [[Radio Ceylon]].{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=129–130}} Film historian [[Randor Guy]] believed that Kannadasan's lyrics and Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy's music contributed significantly to the film's success.<ref name="Guy" /> Film critic [[Baradwaj Rangan]] found "Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham" to be a "joyous list song."<ref name="List" />{{efn|According to Rangan, a list song is a song "whose structure is that of a list, a catalogue of similar-sounding (or similar-meaning) things."<ref name="List" />}} Singer [[Charulatha Mani]] named "Vantha Naal Muthal" her "personal favourite" in ''Mohanam'' and that [[T. M. Soundararajan]]'s voice "expresses the ''[[Gamaka (music)|gamakas]]'' with precision."<ref name="Mani Raga" /> According to film music historian [[Vamanan]], ''Paava Mannippu'' "set the stage for a new musical phase that crowned Susheela as the queen of Tamil film songs." He also labelled "Aththan Ennaththan" as an "entrancing melody".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=4 April 2016 |title=Eternally on song – Susheela: Singing voice that made beauty permanent |url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/eternally-on-song-susheela-singing-voice-that-made-beauty-permanent/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201091645/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/eternally-on-song-susheela-singing-voice-that-made-beauty-permanent/ |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=15 November 2015 |title=Director K.S. Gopalakrishnan dead |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/director-ks-gopalakrishnan-dead/article7879484.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201091632/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/director-ks-gopalakrishnan-dead/article7879484.ece |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

"Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham" provided a much-needed breakthrough for [[P. B. Sreenivas]] as a playback singer. Bhimsingh and Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy convinced Meiyappan to let Sreenivas render the song instead of Gemini Ganesan's usual playback singer [[A. M. Rajah]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=3 October 1997 |title=Golden voice of a glorious era |url=https://kommu.tripod.com/articles/pbs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601110728/https://kommu.tripod.com/articles/pbs.html |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=15 April 2013 |title=A singer who evoked pathos, a nonpareil |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-singer-who-evoked-pathos-a-nonpareil/article4617627.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013153828/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-singer-who-evoked-pathos-a-nonpareil/article4617627.ece |archive-date=13 October 2013 |access-date=30 November 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The news organisation ''[[Firstpost]]'' included "Aththan Ennaththan" as one of "five great Tamil songs from 'Mellisai Mannar' MSV".<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2015 |title=King of Melodies: Listen to these five great Tamil songs from 'Mellisai Mannar' MSV |url=http://www.firstpost.com/video-views-home/entertainment-video-views-home/king-of-melodies-listen-to-these-five-great-tamil-songs-from-mellisai-mannar-msv-2341102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202170809/http://www.firstpost.com/video-views-home/entertainment-video-views-home/king-of-melodies-listen-to-these-five-great-tamil-songs-from-mellisai-mannar-msv-2341102.html |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=2 December 2016 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> A remix version of "Vantha Naal Muthal" is featured on music artist M. Rafi's album ''Aasaiyae Alaipolae''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=2 November 2007 |title=Mix and match |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/mix-and-match/article3023973.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130161142/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/mix-and-match/article3023973.ece |archive-date=30 November 2016 |access-date=11 November 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The song "Ellorum Kondaduvom", sung by Soundararajan and [[Nagore E. M. Hanifa]], is aired on [[DD Chennai]] every [[Eid al-Fitr]] to commemorate the Islamic festival.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=22 August 2015 |title=The one-for-all channel |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2015/08/22/the-one-for-all-channel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201084756/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2015/08/22/the-one-for-all-channel/ |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=Baradwaj Rangan}}</ref> It also established Hanifa as a singer of devotional Muslim songs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=NKS |date=24 April 1992 |title=Mellifluous praise of Allah |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920424&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=18 September 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 35:11
| title1 = Aththan Ennaththan
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 04:38
| title2 = Ellorum Kondaduvom
| extra2 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[Nagore E. M. Hanifa]]
| length2 = 04:44
| title3 = Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham
| extra3 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
| length3 = 03:10
| title4 = Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum
| extra4 = P. Susheela
| length4 = 03:27
| title5 = Saaya Veeti
| extra5 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[K. Jamuna Rani]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
| length5 = 03:57
| title6 = Silar Siripar Silar Azhuvar
| extra6 = T. M. Soundararajan
| length6 = 05:24
| title7 = Vantha Naal Muthal
| extra7 = T. M. Soundararajan
| length7 = 04:57
| title8 = Vantha Naal Muthal
| note8 = [[Pathos]]
| extra8 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| length8 = 04:54
}}

== Marketing ==
To promote the film, a giant-sized [[Gas balloon|Hydrogen-filled balloon]], imported from Japan, was hoisted above the Shanthi theatre.<ref name="pava" /> On the balloon's head was written "AVM" in English signifying the production company's involvement. The tail end of the balloon had the name of the film written in Tamil ("பாவ மன்னிப்பு"). This was considered the first time a balloon was used to promote a Tamil film. It was a source of attraction for all who passed by the Shanthi theatre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S.R. Ashok |date=30 April 2004 |title=Plastic Peralagan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/04/30/stories/2004043002860200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202103033/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/04/30/stories/2004043002860200.htm |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=2 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=131–133}} However, AVM Productions faced legal issues regarding the use of the balloon. It received separate notices – one directly from the [[Chennai International Airport]] authorities and the other from its explosives division – to procure permission to use hydrogen cylinders to fly the balloon. Meiyappan managed to resolve the issue by obtaining permission from the authorities.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=131–133}}<ref name="mannippu" />

AVM decided to use the popularity of the soundtrack album as another means to publicise the film. The production company conducted a contest using the film's songs on [[List of Tamil-language radio stations|radio stations]]. To enter the contest, listeners wrote down the songs from the soundtrack starting with the one they liked most.<ref name="mannippu" /> The winner was determined based on whether their list tallied with that prepared by AVM, who announced their list after receiving the contest participants' entries. The winner would receive a cash prize of {{INR}} 10,000.{{efn|name=exchange}} The contest was considered a first of its kind promoting Tamil cinema and received a positive response.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=133–134}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Devi Ravi |first=Bhama |date=8 August 2008 |title=Kollywood turns to coffee-table books |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Kollywood-turns-to-coffee-table-books/articleshow/3340318.cms? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201150911/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Kollywood-turns-to-coffee-table-books-/articleshow/3340318.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A total of 400,000 people participated in the contest and the winner was a girl named Bhanumati.<ref>{{Cite magazine |year=1961 |title=Censorship And Other Problems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2k6AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Censorship+And+Other+Problems%22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121052430/https://books.google.com/books?id=H2k6AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Censorship+And+Other+Problems%22 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=21 January 2023 |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |page=57 |volume=82 |issue=3}}</ref>

== Release ==
After originally being scheduled for a February 1961 release,<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 1961 |title=Pava Mannippu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19610114&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=8 May 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=Madras |pages=1 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''Paava Mannippu'' was released on 16 March 1961.<ref name="Mohan" /> The film's premiere was initially scheduled to be held at Chitra theatre in [[Egmore#Location in context|Pudhupet]] as most films starring Sivaji Ganesan were released there,{{Sfn|Baskaran|2008|p=40}} but Meiyappan wanted the film to be released at the newer and much bigger [[Shanti Theatre]] in [[Anna Salai]].<ref name="pava" /> The [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]] had a superstitious belief that Shanthi theatre was jinxed as the films that had their premiere there failed commercially. Meiyappan wanted to prove that the theatre was not jinxed by premiering ''Paava Mannippu'' there.<ref name="pava" /> The film was successful and helped to break the streak of flops for the theatre.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=130–131}} As a result, ''Paava Mannippu'' became the first of Ganesan's films, to be released at the Shanthi theatre.<ref name="Mohan" /> The film achieved a theatrical run of 175 days, becoming a [[silver jubilee film]].<ref name="Guy" /><ref name="Mohan" />{{efn|A silver jubilee film is one that completes a theatrical run of 175 days.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Govardan |first=D |date=14 April 2017 |title=Last day, Last show |url=http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/last-day-last-show-643? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607093609/http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/last-day-last-show-643?fromNewsdog=1 |archive-date=7 June 2022 |access-date=11 April 2018 |work=[[Financial Chronicle]]}}</ref>}} According to Baskaran, "The galaxy of stars, the eight songs, a riotous performance by M. R. Radha and the theme of communal harmony made {{sic|''Pavamannippu''|nolink=y}} a successful and memorable film of the sixties."{{Sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=131}} The film received a [[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film]], the first South Indian film to do so.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 1962 |title=State Awards for Films |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9thNFAAward.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202115652/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9thNFAAward.aspx |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=2 December 2016 |website=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |pages=6–8 |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2013 |title=Missing PBS. Wishing Pran. |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2013/04/15/missing-pbs-wishing-pran/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203081011/https://tcrcindia.com/2013/04/15/missing-pbs-wishing-pran/ |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=3 December 2016 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref> Despite being dubbed into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Paapa Pariharam'', released in the same year,{{sfn|Guy|2016|p=353}} it was remade by Bhimsingh in the same language as ''[[Oke Kutumbham]]'' (1970).<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 1971 |title=ఒకే కుటుంబం |trans-title=One Family |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/HNK/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251005053215/https://indiancine.ma/documents/HNK/info |archive-date=5 October 2025 |access-date=5 October 2025 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |pages=55 |language=Te}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Paava Mannippu'' was praised for Bhimsingh's screenplay and direction, and the performances of the lead cast, especially that of M. R. Radha.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=370}}<ref name="Guy" /> On 24 March 1961, the reviewer from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called it a "beautifully mounted film" while highly appreciating the way Bhimsingh handled the film's theme of religious toleration.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 1961 |title=Pava Mannippu, Heart-warming Human Drama |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19610324&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=9 May 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=Madras |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote that though there was nothing special about the story, the performances of the cast made the film worth watching.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=2 April 1961 |title=பாவமன்னிப்பு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1961-04-02/page/n65/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230121051140/https://archive.org/details/kalki1961-04-02/page/n65/mode/2up |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=22 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=64–65 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> ''Paava Mannippu'' was the first Tamil film that singers/sisters [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Asha Bhosle]] saw. The two watched it at the Aurora theatre in Mumbai. The sisters were so impressed by Ganesan's performance as Raheem that they found themselves crying during the [[intermission]] stage even though neither of them understood Tamil. After the show, they called on Ganesan and each tied a ''[[Raksha Bandhan|Rakhi]]'' around his right wrist, thereby embracing him as their brother. The sisters then asked Ganesan and Meiyappan for a 16 mm print of ''Paava Mannippu'' for themselves to keep as a memento; Ganesan and Meiyappan agreed.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=134}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=14 September 2009 |title=Lataji is the universal Didi |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/sep/14/slide-show-1-ram-kumar-on-lata-mangeshkar.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202181815/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/sep/14/slide-show-1-ram-kumar-on-lata-mangeshkar.htm |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=2 December 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
''Paava Mannippu'' was one of Bhimsingh's many successful films in the ''Pa'' series and achieved [[cult film|cult status]] in [[Tamil cinema]].{{efn|The other films in the ''Pa'' series are ''[[Pathi Bakthi]]'' (1958), ''[[Bhaaga Pirivinai]]'' (1959), ''[[Padikkadha Medhai]]'' (1960), ''[[Pasamalar]]'' and ''[[Palum Pazhamum]]'' (both 1961), ''[[Bandha Pasam]]'', ''[[Parthal Pasi Theerum]]'' and ''[[Padithal Mattum Podhuma]]'' (all three in 1962), ''[[Paar Magaley Paar]]'' (1963), ''[[Pachai Vilakku (1964 film)|Pachai Vilakku]]'' (1964), ''[[Paaladai]]'' (1967), and ''[[Paadhukaappu]]'' (1970).<ref name="Guy" />{{Sfnm|1a1=Ganesan|1a2=Narayana Swamy|1y=2007|1p=141|2a1=Baskaran|2y=2008|2p=30}}|name=|group=}} Sivaji Ganesan mentioned in his autobiography that Bhimsingh hardly imagined that he would make a series of films that began with the letter ''Pa'', implying that he "might have thought about it at first because his name starts with the same letter in Tamil. Later he might have decided to stay on with this letter for sentimental reasons."{{Sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|pp=141–142}} Rajadhyaksha and Willemen claimed that with this film, Bhimsingh established himself "as the main purveyor of moralising all-star movies in the 60s."{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=370}} Historian Kumuthan Maderya noted that ''[[Shankar Salim Simon]]'' (1978) adopted elements from ''Paava Mannippu'', namely "lost-and-found family members, inter-religious romance, and communal harmony".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maderya |first=Kumuthan |date=23 June 2017 |title=From Amar Akbar Anthony to Baahubali: Whither Indian Cinema's Secularism |url=http://www.popmatters.com/column/from-amar-akbar-anthony-to-baahubali-whither-indian-cinemas-secularism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728150802/http://www.popmatters.com/column/from-amar-akbar-anthony-to-baahubali-whither-indian-cinemas-secularism/ |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=28 July 2017 |work=[[PopMatters]]}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
''Paava Mannippu'' was referenced and parodied in various other films. In ''[[Moodu Pani]]'' (1980), Chandru ([[Pratap Pothen]]) and Rekha ([[Shoba]]) attend a screening of the film.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Moodu Pani |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Raja Cine Arts |year=1980 |trans-title=The Mist |place=India |time=00:09:25 to 00:11:45 |time-caption=From}}</ref> When [[Goundamani]] and [[Senthil]] try to teach music to a Muslim butcher in ''[[Themmangu Paattukaaran]]'' (1997), the butcher sings the song "Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum" in a discordant manner, much to the duo's chagrin.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Themmangu Pattukaaran |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Pyramid Saimira|Pyramid Movies]] |year=1997 |trans-title=Melodious singer |place=India |time=00:22:10 to 00:22:55 |time-caption=From}}</ref> In both ''[[Kakkai Siraginilae]]'' (2000), and ''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]'' (2004), [[Vadivelu]] sings the song "Vantha Naal Muthal" while riding a bicycle.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Kakkai Siraginilae |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Anand Movie Land |year=2000 |trans-title=Wings of the crow |place=India |time=00:34:00 to 00:35:00 and 01:36:30 to 01:36:40 |time-caption=From}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Arul |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sree Lakshmi Productions |year=2004 |trans-title=Grace |place=India |time=00:45:30 to 00:45:45 |time-caption=From}}</ref> Vadivelu and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] sing the beginning portion of "Paal Irukkum Pazhamirukkum" in ''[[Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (2000 film)|Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai]]'' (2000).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai |type=motion picture |publisher=Thiruvalluvar Kalaikoodam |year=2000 |trans-title=A lot of happiness will come if we live together |place=India |time=00:24:12 to 00:24:29 |time-caption=From}}</ref> In ''[[Panchatanthiram]]'' (2002) Ramachandramurthy ([[Kamal Haasan]]) mentions the words "Silar Siripar Silar Azhuvar" when his friend's father-in-law, Parthasarathy ([[Nagesh]]) enquires about Ramachandramurthy's wife, Mythili ([[Simran (actress)|Simran]]).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Panchathanthiram |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sri Raj Lakshmi Films Private Limited |year=2002 |place=India |time=01:14:12 to 01:14:27 |time-caption=From}}</ref> In ''[[King (2002 film)|King]]'' (2002), Vadivelu, who plays an aspiring film director, makes fun of Raja ([[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]) by saying "Pasi Irukkum. Pazham Irukkum. Paal Irukkadho?" (There will be hunger. There will be a fruit. Won't there be milk?) when the latter does not have milk to drink. Raja then takes an empty cup and miraculously drinks Vadivelu's cup of milk from his own empty cup. In retaliation for Vadivelu's [[couplet]], he says "Paal Irukkum. Pazham Irukkum. Kudikka Mudiyadhu." (There will be milk. There will be a fruit. They can't be drunk).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=King |type=Motion Picture |language=ta |publisher=Indian Theatre Production |year=2002 |place=India |time=00:54:55 to 00:55:50 |time-caption=From}}</ref> "Vantha Naal Muthal" is also played right before Kaali's ([[Rajinikanth]]) introduction scene in ''[[Petta (film)|Petta]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |author-link=Sowmya Rajendran |date=10 January 2019 |title='Petta' review: This tribute to Rajinikanth comes alive in the second half |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/petta-review-tribute-rajinikanth-comes-alive-second-half-94805 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110084328/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/petta-review-tribute-rajinikanth-comes-alive-second-half-94805 |archive-date=10 January 2019 |access-date=10 January 2019 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Guy">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=5 September 2015 |title=Pava Mannippu (1961) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pava-mannippu-1961/article7619467.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202060153/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pava-mannippu-1961/article7619467.ece |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=30 November 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="pava">{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=16 January 2005 |title=அப்பச்சியின் அதிரடி! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-01-16/kalki2005-01-16.pdf |access-date=4 July 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=68–71 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Mani Raga">{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=16 September 2011 |title=A Raga's Journey – Magical Mohanam |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-magical-mohanam/article2459174.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201125247/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-magical-mohanam/article2459174.ece |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="List">{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=12 March 2016 |title=Lyrics from a laundry list |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/baradwaj-rangan-remembers-the-list-song-25-years-after-kabhi-tu-chhalia-lagta-hai/article8341588.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201085715/http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/baradwaj-rangan-remembers-the-list-song-25-years-after-kabhi-tu-chhalia-lagta-hai/article8341588.ece |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="mannippu">{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=23 January 2005 |title=விழாவுக்கு வந்த பெரியவர்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-01-23/kalki2005-01-23.pdf |access-date=4 July 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=68–70 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Mohan">{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=17 January 2011 |title=Shanti theatre crosses a milestone |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/Shanti-theatre-crosses-a-milestone/article14425853.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201101213/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/Shanti-theatre-crosses-a-milestone/article14425853.ece |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran |title=The Eye of the Serpent: An Introduction to Tamil Cinema |publisher=East West Books |year=1996 |oclc=243920437}}
* {{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |title=Sivaji Ganesan: Profile of an Icon |publisher=Wisdom Tree |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-8328-396-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1931–1976 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |author-link1=Sivaji Ganesan |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T. S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |oclc=297212002 |orig-date=2002}}
* {{Cite book |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |title=Memories of Madras: Its Movies, Musicians & Men of Letters |publisher=Creative Workshop |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-928961-7-5}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rajanayagam |first=S. |title=Popular Cinema and Politics in South India: The Films of MGR and Rajinikanth |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-138-82203-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |orig-date=2005}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |title=The Cinemas of India |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan India]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-333-93410-4}}


== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{National Film Award Second Best Feature Film}}
{{A. Bhimsingh}}
{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1961 Indian films]]
[[Category:1961 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1961 drama films]]
[[Category:1961 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films about siblings]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Bhimsingh]]
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
[[Category:Films set in 1961]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Second Best Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]

Bikram Kumar Panda

2026-04-04T03:48:04Z

TessaLovins0: Creating Some Biography And Citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bikram Kumar Panda
| image =
| office = Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly
| term_start =2019-2024
| constituency = Berhampur Vidhan Sabha constituency
| predecessor = Ramesh Chandra Chaupatnaik
| party = Biju Janata Dal
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Bikram Kumar Panda'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4658 | title=Bikram Kumar Panda(BJD):Constituency- BERHAMPUR(GANJAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.electionfate.in/candidates/Bikram%20Kumar%20Panda | title=Bikram%20Kumar%20Panda : Political Career }}</ref> is an Indian politician and a member of the sixteenth Odisha Legislative Assembly representing the Berhampur Vidhan Sabha constituency.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220922012844/http://naveenpatnaik.com/MLA-Bikram-Kumar-Panda-of-BERHAMPUR-constituency-1472.html]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/berhampur-mla-bikram-panda-likely-to-be-named-as-bjd-candidate-from-gopalpur-227418 | title=Berhampur MLA Bikram Panda likely to be named as BJD candidate from Gopalpur }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/berhampur-bikram-panda-ganjam-planning-panel-chief-805525 | title=Berhampur: Bikram Panda Ganjam planning panel chief | date=26 June 2023 }}</ref> He is a member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]] (BJD) party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bikram Kumar Panda |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/bikram-kumar-panda |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bikram Kumar Panda(BJD):Constituency- GOPALPUR(GANJAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=91 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Odisha-politician-stub}}

2024 Andhra Pradesh Comprehensive Caste Survey

2026-04-02T11:19:09Z

TessaLovins0: done.

{{Short description|Population survey in India}}
{{Infobox event
| title = 2024 Andhra Pradesh Comprehensive Caste Survey
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = Planned for December 2023
| location = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| type = Statewide demographic survey
| cause = Policy formulation for marginalized communities
| organisers = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| outcome = Results not publicly released (as of May 2025)
}}

The '''2024 Andhra Pradesh Comprehensive Caste Survey''' was a proposed statewide demographic survey initiated by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to collect detailed data on caste, socio-economic status, education, and livelihoods. Approved in November 2023, the survey aimed to inform equitable policy-making and welfare schemes for marginalized communities.<ref name="HTApproval">{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh cabinet approves caste-based survey in the state |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-approves-caste-based-survey-in-the-state-101699023624203.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="ITApproval">{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh cabinet approves comprehensive caste census |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-approves-comprehensive-caste-census-2457730-2023-11-03 |website=India Today |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref> As of May 2025, no official results have been released, raising questions about the survey's completion or public disclosure.<ref name="NoResults">{{cite web |title=YS Sharmila wants caste survey in Andhra Pradesh, says BJP promised so in 2017 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/andhra-pradesh/story/ys-sharmila-wants-caste-survey-in-andhra-pradesh-says-bjp-promised-so-in-2017-2630552-2024-11-08 |website=India Today |date=8 November 2024 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>

== Background ==
Caste-based surveys have gained prominence in India as tools for addressing social inequalities through data-driven governance. Following the example of [[2022 Bihar caste-based survey]], which revealed 63% of its population as [[Other Backward Classes]] (OBCs), Andhra Pradesh sought to conduct a similar exercise.<ref name="HTBihar">{{cite web |title=Andhra cabinet gives nod to caste survey |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-cabinet-gives-nod-to-caste-survey-101699037727168.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref> The initiative was driven by the need to quantify caste demographics and socio-economic conditions to enhance welfare programs, as emphasized by Chief Minister [[Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]].<ref name="Frontline">{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh hopes caste census will enhance data-driven governance |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/andhra-pradesh-hopes-caste-census-will-enhance-data-driven-governance/article67507575.ece |website=Frontline |date=10 November 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>

On 3 November 2023, the Andhra Pradesh cabinet formally approved the survey, designating the Backward Classes (BC) Welfare Department as the nodal agency.<ref name="ITApproval" /> The survey was intended to provide a comprehensive dataset to support policies aimed at reducing poverty and discrimination.<ref name="ITDivision">{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh caste census: The division game |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20231211-andhra-pradesh-caste-census-the-division-game-2469984-2023-12-01 |website=India Today |date=1 December 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>

== Objectives ==
The survey aimed to:
* Map caste demographics across Andhra Pradesh's 26 districts.
* Collect data on education, employment, housing, and access to amenities such as clean water and sanitation.
* Support the formulation of targeted welfare schemes for [[Scheduled Castes]] (SC), [[Scheduled Tribes]] (ST), Backward Classes (BC), and other marginalized groups.<ref name="HinduRep">{{cite web |title=AP caste survey: Socioeconomic conditions of all communities should also be gathered, say representatives |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-caste-survey-socioeconomic-conditions-of-all-communities-should-also-be-gathered-say-representatives/article67550231.ece |website=The Hindu |date=17 November 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>
* Enhance transparency in resource allocation through evidence-based governance.<ref name="Frontline" />

== Methodology ==
The survey was designed to leverage Andhra Pradesh's village and ward secretariat system, with volunteers tasked with data collection. Authentication processes, including biometric, OTP, face, or iris-based eKYC, were implemented to ensure data accuracy.<ref name="APTeachers">{{cite web |title=AP Caste Survey 2023 Operational Guidelines |url=https://www.apteachers.in/2023/11/ap-caste-survey-2023-operational.html |website=APTEACHERS |date=November 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref> The process involved:
* Pre-survey consultations with caste leaders and community representatives across districts.
* Data collection on socio-economic indicators, including household amenities and educational attainment.<ref name="HinduRep" />
* Collaboration among multiple departments, including SC Welfare, Tribal Welfare, and Minority Welfare.<ref name="Frontline" />

A pilot phase was launched on 15 November 2023, with the full survey scheduled to begin on 9 December 2023.<ref name="ITDivision" /> Results were initially expected by January 2024.<ref name="GSWS">{{cite web |title=Caste Survey in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.gswshelper.com/2023/11/caste-survey-in-andhra-pradesh.html?m=1 |website=GSWS Helper |date=November 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>

== Implementation challenges ==
Several challenges emerged during the planning phase:
* '''Timeline Concerns''': Community representatives, including those from the Kalinga Vysya community, argued that the one-week data collection period was insufficient for accurate results.<ref name="HinduRep" />
* '''Logistical Overlap''': Concurrent welfare programs reportedly delayed the survey's start to 10 December 2023.<ref name="GSWS" />
* '''Community Engagement''': Calls for broader consultations to ensure inclusivity were raised during pre-survey meetings.<ref name="HinduRep" />

As of May 2025, no official results or updates have been published, suggesting potential delays, incomplete execution, or restricted disclosure.<ref name="NoResults" /> The absence of data on the Andhra Pradesh state portal further complicates verification.<ref name="APPortal">{{cite web |title=AP State Portal |url=https://ap.gov.in/ |website=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>

== Political context ==
The survey was a politically significant initiative, with caste-based data seen as critical for electoral strategies and social justice advocacy. In November 2024, Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee president [[Y. S. Sharmila]] renewed calls for a caste survey, citing unfulfilled promises by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from 2017.<ref name="NoResults" /> The lack of results has fueled debates about transparency and governance in the state.<ref name="ITDivision" />

== Comparison with other states ==
Unlike Bihar, which successfully published its 2023 caste survey results, Andhra Pradesh's efforts remain inconclusive.<ref name="HTBihar" /> The Bihar model, which informed Andhra Pradesh's approach, demonstrated the potential for caste data to reshape reservation policies and welfare distribution.<ref name="Frontline" /> The absence of similar outcomes in Andhra Pradesh highlights logistical or political barriers unique to the state.

== Impact and future prospects ==
The survey was intended to empower marginalized communities by providing a robust dataset for policy interventions. However, the lack of publicized results limits its immediate impact.<ref name="ITDivision" /> Future efforts may require:
* Enhanced transparency in data release.
* Extended timelines for comprehensive data collection.
* Stronger community involvement to ensure inclusivity.<ref name="HinduRep" />

The initiative remains a focal point for discussions on social equity and governance in Andhra Pradesh, with potential to influence national debates on caste-based surveys.<ref name="NoResults" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://ap.gov.in/ Official Andhra Pradesh State Portal]
* [https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-approves-caste-based-survey-in-the-state-101699023624203.html Hindustan Times: Andhra Pradesh caste survey approval]
* [https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-approves-comprehensive-caste-census-2457730-2023-11-03 India Today: Comprehensive caste census approved]

[[Category:2020s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:Demographics of India]]

Harsh Ka Tila

2026-03-31T20:45:08Z

TessaLovins0: done.

{{Infobox historic site
| name = Harsh Ka Tila
| image =
| caption = Harsh Ka Tila
| type = Protected Monument
| locmapin =
| coordinates = {{coord|29|58|35.787|N|76|49|28.19|E|display=inline}}
| location =
| area = 1kmx750 m
| built =
| architect = Raja Harshvardhan
| architecture =
| governing_body = Archaeological Survey Of India
| owner =
| designation1 =
| designation1_offname =
| designation1_date =
| designation1_number =
| designation2 =
| designation2_offname =
| designation2_date =
| designation2_number =
| designation3 =
| designation3_offname =
| designation3_date =
| designation3_number =
| designation4 =
| designation4_offname =
| designation4_date =
| designation4_number =
| designation5 =
| designation5_offname =
| designation5_date =
| designation5_number =
}}

The archaeological excavations located on the outskirts of the city of [[Kurukshetra]]. [[Thanesar|Kurukshetra]], District : Kurukshetra, Adjacent to [[Sheikh Chilli's Tomb]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Corporation|first=Haryana Tourism|title=Raja Harsha ka Tila {{!}} Places of Interest {{!}} Kurukshetra {{!}} Destinations {{!}} Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited |url=https://haryanatourism.gov.in/Destination/raja-harsha-ka-tila |access-date=2020-08-15|website=destination|language=en-IN}}</ref> Excavation revealed antiquities from first millennium BCE to 19th century related to Vedic & Late Vedic periods, and at least six other subsequent [[archaeological culture|cultural]] and [[medieval India|historical]] periods. Site was abandoned after the vedic period in the first millennium BCE, then continuously inhabited from 1st century CE to 19th century.<ref name=asin1/> The site, spread over an area of 1 km x750 m x 23 m, contains historical remnants belonging to vedic as well as six continuously inhabited post-vedic periods ranging from [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] to [[Mughal Era|Mughal era]].

== Excavation site ==

The partially excavated site, located north of [[Thanesar]] and accessible by road, is 1km long x 750m wide x 23m high. Northeast corner of the site has a [[caravanserai]] and [[Sheikh Chilli's Tomb]].<ref name=asin1>Monuments & Sites in Haryana, Archaeological Survey Of India, page 23-25.</ref> This site was excavated by Shri B.M.Pandey<ref name=":0" /> of [[Archaeological Survey of India]] for 4 continuous seasons from 1987-88 to 1990-91.<ref name=asin1/>

==Findings==
{{see also | Pottery in the Indian subcontinent | l1= archaeological pottery cultures in India }}

Chronologically, oldest to the newest, the following cultures were found:<ref name=asin1/>

* [[Vedic period]] (1300-300 BCE: shards of [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (PGW, usually associated with the vedic period of [[Mahabharata]]).<ref name=asin1/>

* Late Vedic period (700-200 BCE): shards of plain grey ([[Northern Black Polished Ware]]).<ref name=asin1/>

* [[Kushan Empire|Kushan period]] (39-375 CE): pottery culture found includes typical Kushan red ware as well as associated moulded bright red slipped ware and [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent|Polished Red Ware]] (PRW). The square structure made of a baked bricks, copper coins, terracotta seals with [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] inscriptions, terracotta figurines of human and animals, terracotta plaques a, copper coins, bone and ivory artifacts, bangles made of shell, and metal objects were also found.<ref name=asin1/>

* [[Gupta Empire|Gupta period]] (4th to 6th century CE): Polished Red Ware, bright red slipped and plain red wares pottery of daily use utensils such as footed bowls and [[Salt and pepper shakers|sprinklers]]. Other finds include broken stone statue of Lord [[Vishnu]], terracotta plaque depicting a couple in sexual position, casting mould for making human head, terracotta figures of humans and animals, seals with Brahmi inscription, human and animal figurines, beads, copper and iron artifacts.<ref name=asin1/>

* Post-Gupta or [[Pushyabhuti dynasty|Vardhan period]] of Pushyabhuti dynasty (6th century to 7th century CE): multi-room complex, statue of [[Kubera]], broken inscription. Polished Red Ware<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Harsh Ka Tila, Kurukshetra|url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/kurukshetra/attractions/harsh-ka-tila/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=www.nativeplanet.com|language=en}}</ref> and red ware, terracotta artifacts, ivory and shell were also found.<ref name=asin1/> Associated with the post-Gupta period include polished redware.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Harsh Ka Tila, Kurukshetra|url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/kurukshetra/attractions/harsh-ka-tila/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=www.nativeplanet.com|language=en}}</ref>

* [[List of Rajput dynasties and states|Rajput period]] (8th to 12th century CE) i.e. [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]] (8-12 century CE), [[Tomara dynasty]] (8-11 century CE) & [[Chauhan Dynasty]] (12th century CE): two rooms, which were part of a larger complex, in Pratihara architecture style with the evidence of stairs in the form of optional grooves in the corner of the room were found. Charred wooden doorframes and remains of fire on all walls indicate that the building collapsed due to the fire. Fragments of statues from Pratihara period but also found. The pottery culture finds include [[Pottery#Fabric_analysis|medium fabric]] red ware with decorations of concentric circles, floral & net-shapes stamped on them. Several hundred clay tablets with incised impressions of three vertical and oblique lines.<ref name=asin1/>

* [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultanate period]] (13th to 16th century CE): On the western side of the mound, ruins of residential building with a large circular bastion and a smaller bastion for phone which showed the sign of being in use in the subsequent periods as well. Pottery finds include red ware and glazed ware. Other artifacts found where copper coins, terracotta figurines of animal and humans, beads made from semi-precious stones, iron and copper equipment.<ref name=asin1/>

* [[Mughal Empire|Mughal period]] (16th to 19th century CE: building complex with residential area, hall, a big arched structure, staircases, streets, a well, garden complex and bastions, etc in [[Mughal architecture|Mughal architectural]] style.<ref name=asin1/> Mughal garden complex is based on the [[charbagh]] pattern.<ref name=":1" /> Pottery cultural finds include the glazed ware, grey ware, stone ware and sherds of Chinese porcelain with floral designs and chinese language inscriptions.<ref name=asin1/> The stairs inside might've been built later on, the Chamber in it is quite wide and spherical on the top.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saraswat|first=Yogi|date=December 15, 2015|title=मुसाफ़िर चलता जा ........: हर्ष का टीला: कुरुक्षेत्र|url=http://yogi-saraswat.blogspot.com/2015/12/blog-post_15.html|access-date=2020-08-15|website=मुसाफ़िर चलता जा ........}}</ref> Just as compartments are created for horses in the stable, Delhi's zoo comprises a similar structure for the elephants.

The major discovery of the post-[[Gupta Empire|Gupta period]] is represented by brick structures associated with 'Red Polished Ware' including a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal period]] garden complex on the Charbagh pattern.<ref name=":1" />

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Site Near Harsh Ka Tila.jpg
File:Archaeological site Harsh ka Tila Information board.jpg
File:Information board for Archaeological site Harsh ka Tila.jpg
File:Harsh Ka Tila.jpg
File:Ruins of Harsha a Tila warehouse.JPG
File:Harshvardhan Ka Tila information board.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Kurukshetra district#Karn|Karn ka Tila]], in the vicinity
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana]]
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana]]
* [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]]
* [[List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Kurukshetra district]]
[[Category:Archaeological artifacts]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Haryana]]

P. K. Thakur

2026-03-31T04:36:17Z

TessaLovins0: Created A Details

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Pramod Kumar Thakur
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|office1 = [[Information commissioner|Information Commissioner]] Bihar State Information Commission
|office2 = [[Director General of Police]] [[Bihar Police]]
|office3 =
|office4 =
|term_start1 = 29 October 2018
|term_end1 = 17 February 2023
|term_start2 = June 2014
|term_end2 = February 2018
|term_start3 =
|term_end3 =
|term_start4 =
|term_end4 =
|alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|JNU]]
|education = B.Sc M.A.(International Relations)
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|02|18|df=y}}<ref>[http://210.212.23.53/Assets2017/AssetDetails/2017/Departments/Home%20Department/Sinchai%20Bhawan/201620171170095HOM005001397.pdf Declaration of Assets and Liabilities]</ref>
|spouse = Poonam Thakur
|birth_place = [[Madhepura]],<ref>[http://www.madhepuratimes.com/2014/06/dgp.html बिहार के नए डीजीपी हैं मधेपुरा निवासी: इलाके में खुशी की लहर]</ref> [[Bihar]], [[India]]
|death_place = 
|nickname = 
|badgenumber = 
|occupation = [[Bureaucrat]]
|relations =
|awards = [[Police Medal (India)|President's Police Medal for Meritorious Service]], 1997 [[President's Police Medal|President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service]], 2005 National Security Guard Disc
|laterwork = 
}}

'''Pramod Kumar Thakur'''<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/P-K-Thakur-replaces-Abhayanand-as-DGP/articleshow/37157323.cms P K Thakur replaces Abhayanand as DGP]</ref> or P. K. Thakur (born 18 February 1958), is a retired [[Indian Police Service]] (I.P.S.) officer of [[Bihar]] state in [[India]], and he served as [[Information commissioner]] in the state of Bihar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hindi.eenaduindia.com/States/East/Bihar/2018/10/25195903/pk-thakur-becomes-information-commissioner-of-bihar.vpf|title=पूर्व DGP पीके ठाकुर बने बिहार के सूचना आयुक्त|work=Eenadu English Portal|access-date=2018-10-27|language=hi-in}}</ref> He served as [[Director General of Police]] of [[Bihar Police]] from June 2014 until his retirement in February 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/news/13344-k-s-dwivedi-to-replace-p-k-thakur-as-bihar-dgp.html|title=K S Dwivedi to Replace P K Thakur as Bihar DGP|website=www.patnadaily.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref> He belongs to the I.P.S. batch of 1980.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bihar-dgp-removed-six-months-ahead-of-retirement/ Bihar DGP removed six months ahead of retirement]</ref> He has also served as Director General (Vigilance Bureau) in Bihar. He was awarded with National Security Guard Disc for his outstanding work in the Central Police Organization as Inspector General (Administration). He was appointed on the post of Information commissioner of Bihar State Information Commission in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/patna/news/retired-ias-narendra-sinha-and-former-dgp-pk-thakur-became-information-commissioner-044057-3056650.html|title=रिटायर्ड आईएएस नरेन्द्र सिन्हा व पूर्व डीजीपी पीके ठाकुर बने सूचना आयुक्त|last=Automation|first=Bhaskar|work=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=2018-10-27|language=hi}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Thakur was born on 18 February 1958 – a son to Bisheshwar Thakur. He received his early education at [[St. Xavier's, Hazaribagh]] before taking his [[Bachelor of Science]] in [[Chemistry]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] of [[Delhi University]]. He then went on to complete his post graduation in [[International Relations]] from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|JNU]] in Delhi.
Thakur began his government service in the year 1980.<ref>[http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/ig-empanelled.pdf Details of IPS officers belonging to 1978 - 1988 batches empanelled to hold IG and equivalent level posts under the Government of India]</ref>

==Police career==

Thakur belongs to the Bihar Cadre of the Indian Police Service (I.P.S.). His first posting was as Patna City Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in 1981 and later became Patna Superintendent of Police (City SP). He has served various districts of Bihar and [[Jharkhand]] (erstwhile part of Bihar) as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]. He has also served as Deputy Inspector General (DIG) at the National Human Rights Commission, Inspector General at Central Police Organization and Director General of Vigilance Bureau in Bihar.

Apart from active policing in the field, Thakur has also served numerous departments of [[Bihar Police]] such as [[Special Branch]] (Secret Service of State Police) and Crime Investigation Department (CID).

He has also been empanelled in DG rank by the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] - which means, he is empanelled by the Central Government to hold the post of DG in any Central Police Organization.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/IPS-officer-of-1980-batch-Pramod-Kumar-Thakur-DG-vigilance-bureau-has-been-empanelled-in-DG-rank-by-the-ministry-of-home-affairs-With-this-empanelment-there-are-now-only-two-IPS-officers-from-Bihar-who-are-empanelled-by-the-MHA-in-the-DG-rank-/articleshow/31548467.cms? IPS officer of 1980 batch Pramod Kumar Thakur, DG vigilance bureau, has been empanelled in DG rank by the ministry of home affairs . With this empanelment there are now only two IPS officers from Bihar who are empanelled by the MHA in the DG rank]</ref>

==Director General of Police, Bihar==

Thakur was posted as Director General of Bihar Police in June 2014. He replaced outgoing DGP [[Abhayanand]] as 49th DGP of the state on 25 June 2014.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bihar-government-replaces-dgp-abhyanand/ Bihar government replaces DGP Abhyanand]</ref> He retired from this position on 1 March 2018 and K.S. Dwivedi replaced him as 50th DGP of Bihar Police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/ips-officer-ks-dwivedi-takes-charge-as-bihar-police-chief-following-pk-thakurs-retirement-4372525.html|title=IPS officer KS Dwivedi takes charge as Bihar police chief following PK Thakur's retirement - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|date=March 2018 |access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==

Thakur has been awarded the President's police medal for meritorious services in 1997 and President's medal for distinguished services in 2005. He was also awarded with National Security Guard Disc for his outstanding work in the Central Police Organization.

==Personal life==

Thakur is married to Poonam Thakur and they have two children. He currently resides in [[Patna]] with his wife.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/IPS-Officers-Wives-Association-organised-family-night-for-the-officers-in-Patna/articleshow/46371531.cms IPS Officers’ Wives Association organised family night for the officers in Patna]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, P. K.}}
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:People from Bihar]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar cadre civil servants]]
[[Category:People from Patna]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:1958 births]]

Asaram

2026-03-23T10:40:57Z

TessaLovins0: improve citations for consistency

{{Short description|Indian spiritual leader and convicted rapist (born 1941)}}
{{Pp-move|small=yes}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name = Asaram
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Asharam ji Bapu (cropped).jpg
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| alt = Image of Asaram
| caption =
| birth_name = Asumal Sirumalani Harpalani
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1941|4|17}}<ref name="Daily Bhaskar 22 Aug 2013" />
| birth_place = [[Sanghar District|Berani]], [[Sind Province (1936-55)|Sind Province]], [[British Raj|British India]]
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| other_names = Asaram
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| organization = Shree Yog Vedanta Sewa Samiti
| agent =
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| notable_works = Matri Pitri Pujan Diwas<ref name="TOI Feb 2015"/> and Tulsi Pujan Diwas<ref name="Zee News Dec 2020"/>
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| criminal_charge = [[Rape]], [[Murder]], [[Intimidation|Criminal Intimidation]]
| conviction = [[Rape]], 2018
| conviction_penalty = [[Life imprisonment]]
| conviction_status = Interim bail by Supreme Court until 31 March 2025 on medical grounds
| spouse = 
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| capture_status = Arrested on 31 August 2013, [[Indore, Madhya Pradesh]]
| children = 2, including [[Narayan Sai]]
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| apprehended = 1 September 2013
| imprisoned = Jodhpur Central Jail, [[Jodhpur]]
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| website = https://www.ashram.org/
}}

'''Asumal Sirumalani Harpalani''' (born 17 April 1941), known by devotees as '''Asaram''', is an Indian spiritual leader and convicted rapist, who started to come into the limelight in the early 1970s. By 2013, he was estimated to have established over 400 [[ashrams]] and 40 schools in India and abroad.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/since-asaram-s-arrest-his-daughter-running-empire-of-400-ashrams-spread-over-india/story-sOud9kQ9SHZjmU1elkOQRJ.html | title=Asaram's daughter running empire of 400 ashrams spread over India | date=25 April 2018 }}</ref>

Multiple legal proceedings have been initiated against him, in connection with illegal [[wikt:encroachment#Noun|encroachment]], rape, and [[Witness tampering|tampering of a witness]]. In 2018, Asaram was found guilty of the rape of a minor girl by Special Judge Madhusudhan Sharma of a special [[Scheduled Caste]]/[[Scheduled Tribe]] court in Jodhpur and is currently serving [[life imprisonment]] in [[Jodhpur]].<ref name="Desk">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/live-updates-asaram-bapu-rape-case-verdict/article23665857.ece |title=Asaram convicted for raping minor girl |date=25 April 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425052646/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/live-updates-asaram-bapu-rape-case-verdict/article23665857.ece |archive-date=25 April 2018 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="rape">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/self-styled-godman-asaram-found-guilty-of-rape-of-teenager-in-2013/articleshow/63892726.cms |title=Self-styled godman Asaram found guilty of rape of teenager in 2013 |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426034212/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/self-styled-godman-asaram-found-guilty-of-rape-of-teenager-in-2013/articleshow/63892726.cms |archive-date=26 April 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Asaram's counsel has filed an appeal in the Rajasthan High Court challenging the judgment of the special court. The counsel argues that the trial court ignored significant facts and claims that the case is a clear and disturbing illustration of trial by media.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-03 |title=Conviction challenged in Rajasthan HC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/rape-conviction-challenged-by-asaram-in-rajasthan-hc/articleshow/64834418.cms |access-date= |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In January 2025, Asaram Bapu was granted interim bail by [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] till 31st March 2025 on medical grounds. The bench noted that he was suffering from various age-related health conditions and had previously suffered a series of heart attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De |first=Abhishek |date=2025-01-07 |title=Rape convict Asaram Bapu gets interim bail on medical grounds |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/asaram-bapu-self-styled-godman-rape-convict-interim-bail-march-31-medical-grounds-supreme-court-order-2660862-2025-01-07 |access-date= |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> In October 2025, he was granted an interim bail of six months by [[Rajasthan High Court]] on medical grounds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asaram Bapu Bail: Rajasthan HC Grants Six-Month Bail |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rajasthan/asaram-bapu-gets-six-month-bail-from-rajasthan-hc-3779232 |access-date= |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] lawyer and activist of the 'Fight for your Right' organisation, Kirti Ahuja alleged significant deficiencies in the legal proceedings in Asaram Bapu case. She said that the trial courts in [[Jodhpur]] and [[Ahmedabad]] failed to address several lacunae within the case, leading to a potential [[miscarriage of justice]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=B. M. |date=2024-03-11 |title=Supreme Court lawyer Kirti Ahuja highlights gross lapses in Asaram Bapu's trials |url=https://english.bharatmirror.com/supreme-court-lawyer-kirti-ahuja-highlights-gross-lapses-in-asaram-bapus-trials/ |access-date= |website=Bharat Mirror English |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Asaram was born on 17 April 1941, in the Berani village of the [[Nawabshah District]] in [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day Berani Town is located in Jam Nawaz Ali Tehsil of [[Sanghar District|Sanghar district]] [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]), to Menhgiba and Thaumal Sirumalani,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/asaram-worked-at-a-tea-stall-before-he-became-a-godman/418345-3-239.html|title=Asaram worked at a tea stall before he became a 'godman'|date=30 August 2013|newspaper=IBNLive|access-date=2 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903101325/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/asaram-worked-at-a-tea-stall-before-he-became-a-godman/418345-3-239.html|archive-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> in the [[Sindhi Hindus|Sindhi community]].<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01">{{cite news |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/asaram-nightmarish-struggle-bring-justice|title=The nightmarish struggle to bring Asaram to justice |last=Dubey |first=Priyanka |date=1 April 2017 |website=[[The Caravan]] |language=en |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211072456/https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/asaram-nightmarish-struggle-bring-justice|archive-date=11 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref> His birthname was Asumal Thaumal Harpalani<ref name="HT_clear_2013">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/Controversial-godman-Can-Asaram-come-clean-on-the-rape-allegations/Article1-1114370.aspx|title=Controversial godman: Can Asaram come clean on the rape allegations?|date=29 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014013912/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/Controversial-godman-Can-Asaram-come-clean-on-the-rape-allegations/Article1-1114370.aspx|archive-date=14 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="India Today 2013-08-30">{{cite news |title=The Politics of Sex|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20130909-asaram-bapu-sexual-assault-politicians-protect-controversial-godman-765578-1999-11-29|newspaper=India Today|date=30 August 2013|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901230315/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/asaram-bapu-sexual-assault-politicians-protect-controversial-godman/1/304598.html|archive-date=1 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> or Asumal Sirumalani.<ref name=OneIndia>{{cite news |author=Preeti Panwar |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2013/08/29/asaram-bapus-life-journey-from-a-tea-seller-to-the-spiritual-guru-1294490.html |title=Asaram Bapu's life journey from a tea seller to the spiritual guru |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927134428/http://news.oneindia.in/2013/08/29/asaram-bapus-life-journey-from-a-tea-seller-to-the-spiritual-guru-1294490.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="IE_rise_2013">{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/exclusive-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-guru/1163258/0|title=Exclusive: The rise and fall of the guru|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425193508/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/exclusive-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-guru/1163258/0|archive-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following the [[partition of India]] in 1947, he and his family moved to [[Ahmedabad]], then part of the former [[Bombay State]] in India (now [[Gujarat]]), leaving behind their immovable assets in [[Sindh]], where Asaram's father founded a coal and wood selling business.<ref name="Daily Bhaskar 22 Aug 2013">{{cite news |title=Coal-seller Harpalani turned Asaram 'bapu' faces new allegations |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/GUJ-AHD-coal-seller-harpalani-turned-asaram-bapu-faces-new-allegations-4354473-NOR.html |newspaper=Daily Bhaskar |date=22 August 2013 |access-date=29 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927131925/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/GUJ-AHD-coal-seller-harpalani-turned-asaram-bapu-faces-new-allegations-4354473-NOR.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Asumal ran this business for a short time, after his father's death.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/how-much-are-asaram-s-assets-worth--132259632.html|title=How much are Asaram's assets worth?|date=2 September 2013|work=Yahoo News India|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713042842/https://in.news.yahoo.com/how-much-are-asaram-s-assets-worth--132259632.html|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> He received his formal education at Jai Hind High School, up-till class III, when his father died.

=== Introduction into spirituality ===
Asumal fled to an ''[[ashram]]'' eight days before his eventual wedding<ref name="IE_rise_2013" /> but was persuaded by his family to return. He left home at age of 23 after marriage, but returned after meeting his spiritual guru Leelashahji Maharaj in Nainital.<ref name="India Today 2008-08-24">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20080804-clouded-in-controversy-737024-2008-07-24|title=Clouded in controversy |author=Uday Mahurkar |date=24 July 2008 |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=2019-12-15}}</ref> He was ordained as Asaram<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /> in 1964 by his guru<ref name="IE_rise_2013" /> whose spiritual lineage is said to include [[Vyasa|Vedavyasji]], Adi Shankaracharyaji, Dadu Dayalji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Parampara: Boon to Humanity; Lord Vishnu to Asaram ji Bapu |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/guru-parampara-boon-to-humanity-lord-vishnu-to-asaram-ji-bapu/81872260.html |access-date= |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

Sources mention him to have been involved in a variety of professions ranging from selling liquors<ref name="HT_clear_2013" /> and tea<ref name="OneIndia" /> to repairing cycles<ref name="India Today 2013-08-30" /> and trading sugar,<ref name="Frontline 2017-10-13">{{cite news |date=13 October 2017 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/tainted-guru/article9874185.ece|title=Tainted guru |last=Katakam |first=Anupama |website=Frontline|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> prior to his establishment as a religious leader. In December 2017, Asaram was declared as a ''fake baba'' by [[Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad]], an organisation of [[Hindu]] [[Sant (religion)|Sants]] (saints) and [[Sadhu]]s (ascetics) in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Apex body of sadhus releases 2nd list of fake godmen – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/apex-body-of-sadhus-releases-2nd-list-of-fake-godmen/articleshow/62299603.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615144958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/apex-body-of-sadhus-releases-2nd-list-of-fake-godmen/articleshow/62299603.cms |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=11 April 2018 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sources of authority within the Hindu tradition, and their impact on wider society - RE:ONLINE |url=https://www.reonline.org.uk/knowledge/hindu-worldview-traditions/sources-of-authority/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206151128/https://www.reonline.org.uk/knowledge/hindu-worldview-traditions/sources-of-authority/ |archive-date=2023-12-06 |access-date= |work=RE:ONLINE |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Asaram is married to Laxmi Devi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=Asaram Bapu's daughter Bhartishree Now handles his empire |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/after-rape-convict-asaram-bapus-arrest-daughter-bhartishree-in-charge-of-his-empire-6965425.html |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> They have two children, son [[Narayan Sai]] and daughter Bhartishree or Bharti Devi. Asaram remained a householder<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-10665180.html आसाराम बापू के बचाव में आगे आई उमा भारती, Jagran, 23 Aug 2013]</ref> and was never ordained a monk. Their son Narayan worked with Asaram.<ref name="NarayanSai">{{cite news |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/asaram-son-asked-to-appear-before-commission-by-june--7841.html |title=Asaram, Son Asked To Appear Before Commission By 6 June |publisher=IndiaTV |date=8 May 2005 |access-date=8 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903025117/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/asaram-son-asked-to-appear-before-commission-by-june--7841.html |archive-date=3 September 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="HT_FakeBabaList">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/asaram-gurmeet-ram-rahim-on-fake-baba-list-meet-the-14-faces-hindu-sadhus-want-boycotted/story-JYEQQkSYOOBFFQzKfbD7UP.html|title=Asaram, Ram Rahim, Rampal: The 14 fake babas put on boycott list|date=11 September 2017|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409044338/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/asaram-gurmeet-ram-rahim-on-fake-baba-list-meet-the-14-faces-hindu-sadhus-want-boycotted/story-JYEQQkSYOOBFFQzKfbD7UP.html|archive-date=9 April 2018|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In 2019, a sessions court sentenced Narayan to life imprisonment in a rape case filed against him by a former woman devotee in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asaram's son Narayan Sai gets life imprisonment in rape case | newspaper=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/asarams-son-narayan-sai-gets-life-imprisonment-in-rape-case/articleshow/69116522.cms?from=mdr |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref> Laxmi Devi and Bhartishree were also arrested in relation to Asaram's offences, being accused of aiding and abetting the crime. They were acquitted for lack of evidence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BREAKING: Asaram Gets Life Term in 2013 Rape Case Wife And Daughter Acquitted |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/breaking-asaram-gets-life-term-in-2013-rape-case-wife-and-daughter-acquitted-5877337/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Activities ==

=== Rise to prominence ===
According to his official biography, Asaram returned to Ahmedabad on 8 July 1971 and on 29 January 1972, built a hut at [[Motera]], then a village on the banks of the Sabarmati.<ref name="IE_rise_2013"/> Although his official biography does not mention it, Asaram had lived in Motera's Sadashiv Ashram for two years, before setting up his own hut adjacent to it.<ref name="tehelka_taint_2013">{{cite news |url=http://www.tehelka.com/the-saint-and-his-taint/?singlepage=1|title=The saint and his taint|work=Tehelka.com|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713165359/http://www.tehelka.com/the-saint-and-his-taint/?singlepage=1|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He became a popular katha-vachak (narrator of religious stories),<ref>[https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/panipat/sinnger-asharam-bapu-charector-less-aarop-sp-meet कथावाचक आसाराम बापू पर दुराचार के आरोपों में मुख्य गवाह एसपी से मिला, अमर उजाला, Wed, 28 Dec 2016]</ref> combining his discourses with humour, music and dancing.<ref>[https://www.sarita.in/interview/gajendra-chauhan-became-ftii-chairman-but-how गजेंद्र चौहान: छात्रों के लिए युद्धिष्ठिर नहीं दुर्योधन जंगल लव जैसी सी ग्रेड फिल्में और महाभारत के युधिष्ठिर का किरदार, बस इसी उपलब्धि के आधार पर एफटीआईआई में चेयरमैन बन बैठे गजेंद्र चौहान, Sarita, सोमा घोष, February 15, 2016]</ref> Initially outside of his own Sindhi community, he attracted Other Backward Classes and [[Dalits]]. After he became well known, he started attracting the upper-caste listeners also. His ashrams offered free food. In the tribal areas, feasts were organized where utensils and clothes were distributed.

{{Quote box
| quote = It was my great opportunity to have met him at a point in my life when nobody knew me ... From that time I have been receiving Bapu's blessings, have continued to receive his affection... Asaram's words had a yogic strength, and with trust in that yogic strength, the dream of crores of us in Gujarat will come true... I pray on Bapu's blessed steps, I bow to him. Sacred Bapu's love, his blessings, his best wishes will give me new strength. With that belief, I got the chance to come here, I consider myself lucky for it. I prostrate myself before blessed Bapu...
| author = [[Narendra Modi]] — then general secretary of Gujarat BJP and later Prime Minister of India — speaking at a gathering of Asaram's devotees at Motera Ashram (2000).<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /> Scholars note Asaram to have played an important role in Modi's rise to power.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fascism: essays on Europe and India|editor-last=Banaji|editor-first=Jairus|date=2013|isbn=978-81-88789-94-8|chapter=Postscript|publisher=Three Essays Collective |chapter-url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22094/1/Fascism%20(postscript).pdf|language=en|oclc=840408180}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sinha|first=Subir|date=2017|title=Mediatized Populisms{{!}} Fragile Hegemony: Social Media and Competitive Electoral Populism in India|url=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6739|journal=[[International Journal of Communication]]|volume=11}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 350px
}}
He converted his hut into a small ashram in 1973, and started with 5–10 followers. With successive local governments from across the political divide, paying economic patronage to him including by grant of lands for expansion of his ashrams,<ref name="IE_rise_2013" /><ref name="open_dark_2013" /><ref name="Frontline 2008-10-04">{{cite news |date=4 October 2008 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/in-the-name-of-faith/article5137396.ece |title=In the name of faith |last=Nanda |first=Meera |website=Frontline |language=en |access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref> and a growing Hinduisation of the Gujarati society in the wake of [[Hindutva]] centered politics.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /><ref name="Frontline 2017-10-13" /><ref name="Frontline 2008-10-04" />{{Efn|However Justice D K Trivedi Commission stated that there is no evidence of such rituals in one of his Ashrams at Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/death-of-two-school-children-asaram-son-get-clean-chit-from-commission/articleshow/70399390.cms|title=Death of two school-children: Asaram, son get clean chit from commission|date=2019-07-26|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref>}}
Many political leaders went on to visit him to pay him respect through the decades; primarily in lieu of commanding the votes of his followers, including [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[L.K. Advani]], [[Narendra Modi]], [[Digvijaya Singh]], [[Farooq Abdullah|Farook Abdullah]], [[George Fernandes]], [[Raman Singh]], [[Uma Bharti]], [[Kapil Sibal]], [[Ajay Maken]], [[Motilal Vora]], [[Krishna Tirath]], [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] and [[Kamal Nath]]<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/political-patrons/article5137394.ece|title=Political patrons|last=Tripathi |first=Purnima S.|website=Frontline|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20150817-from-rags-to-riches-to-infamy-820219-2015-08-06|title=Asaram: From rags to riches to infamy|last=Mahurkar |first=Uday|date=17 August 2015|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-03 |title=कभी ये बड़े नेता थे आसाराम के दोस्त! |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india-today-plus/bebak/story/asharam-bapu-narendra-modi-digvijay-singh-advani-bjp-congress-545667-2018-05-03 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-27 |title=Senior Congress Leaders who tried to save Asaram were completely nailed by The Supreme Court!! Do you know what the apex court said to these leaders? |url=https://postcard.news/senior-congress-leaders-who-tried-to-save-asaram-were-completely-nailed-by-the-supreme-court-do-you-know-what-the-apex-court-said-to-these-leaders/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Post Card News: Breaking News, Exclusive Stories, History, Spirituality, Political Analysis, Economics, Nationalism, Culture, Opinion, India and World News, Indian Armed Force |language=en-US}}</ref> By 2013, Asaram claimed to have four hundred major and minor ashrams in India and 18 other countries, with over forty million followers.<ref name="open_dark_2013">{{cite news |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-dark-side-of-asaram-bapu|title=The Dark Side of Asaram Bapu|work=OPEN Magazine|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821093928/http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-dark-side-of-asaram-bapu|archive-date=21 August 2013|url-status=live|date=30 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20150817-asarams-empire-of-deceit-820220-2015-08-06|title=Asaram's empire of deceit |date=6 August 2015 |author=Uday Mahurkar |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=2019-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211093316/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20150817-asarams-empire-of-deceit-820220-2015-08-06 |archive-date=11 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC Outlook 2018-06-14">{{Cite podcast|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06b26ff|title=The Policeman Who Toppled a Guru|website=Outlook|publisher=[[BBC World Service]]|last=Webb|first=Emily|date=14 June 2018|access-date=27 December 2019}}</ref>

=== Teachings and views ===
Asaram's core teachings align with Hindutva-centred views. [[Ram Puniyani]] notes overt Brahminical tones in his teachings.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdPipb-u21gC|title=Religion, Power and Violence: Expression of Politics in Contemporary Times|last=Puniyani|first=Ram|date=2005-07-21|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3338-0|pages=42|language=en|author-link=Ram Puniyani}}</ref>

Emphasizing upon the prominence of [[Brahmacarya|Brahmcharya]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Dishank Purohit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/miracles-supernatural-tales-kept-asarams-cult-going/articleshow/63932093.cms |title=Miracles, supernatural tales kept Asaram's cult going |date=27 April 2018 |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=2019-12-13}}</ref><ref name="Frontline 2013-10-04">{{cite news |date=4 October 2013 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/asarams-empire/article5137420.ece |title=Asaram's empire |website=Frontline |language=en |access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> and Guru-Shishya relationship, it was instilled among the devotees, to accept Asaram (and his son) as infallible, be blindly obedient to them and not to question them about anything, whatsoever.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /><ref name="India Today 2008-08-24" /> Physical violence is advocated for against any dissident.<ref name="India Today 2008-08-24" />

Asaram has been long vocal against increasing sexual liberation of the society and deemed the adoption of Western culture artifacts as corruption of morality.<ref name="Frontline 2013-10-04" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/the-advantages-of-being-asaram-bapu/|title=The Advantages of Being Asaram Bapu|last=Poonam|first=Snigdha|date=2013-08-30|website=[[The New York Times]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref> Shri Yogi Vedanta Seva Samiti organized a ''Matri Pitri Poojan Divas'' ("mother-father worship day") on 14 February, as a form of protest against [[Valentine's Day]], which is supposedly symbolic of a Western cultural invasion.<ref name="NIE1">{{cite news |url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article396976.ece|title=Indianisation of Valentine's Day|date=15 February 2011|newspaper=New Indian Express|access-date=17 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023141458/http://newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article396976.ece|archive-date=23 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="India Today 29 January 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/worship-parents-on-valentines-day-asaram-bapu-91251-2012-01-28|title=Worship parents on Valentine's Day, says Asaram Bapu|date=29 January 2012|newspaper=India Today|access-date=1 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927225123/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/worship-parents-on-valentines-day-asaram-bapu/1/171080.html|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=D P Bhattacharya |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/worship-parents-on-valentines-day-asaram-bapu-91251-2012-01-28 |title=Worship parents on Valentine's Day, says Asaram Bapu |date=29 January 2012 |newspaper=India Today |access-date=13 February 2013 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927225123/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/worship-parents-on-valentines-day-asaram-bapu/1/171080.html |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Asaram's proposal was supported by many prominent Indian politicians including union ministers and the President of India.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/commoner-vs-asaram-bapu-her-word-against-the-gospel-174611-2013-08-21|title=Commoner vs Asaram: Her word against the 'Gospel'!|author=Prerna Koul Mishra|date=22 August 2013|newspaper=India Today|access-date=17 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018021248/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/commoner-vs-asaram-bapu-her-word-against-the-gospel/1/300759.html|archive-date=18 October 2013}}</ref> In 2015, the Government of [[Chhattisgarh]] state even institutionalized the practice, and directed all schools to observe ''[[Parents' Worship Day|Matru-Pitru Diwas]]'' ("mother-father day") every year on 14 February after Asaram urged the Chief Minister Raman Singh in this regard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commoner vs Asaram: Her word against the 'Gospel'! |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/commoner-vs-asaram-bapu-her-word-against-the-gospel-174611-2013-08-21 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=India Today |date=22 August 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Its-official-Chhattisgarh-renames-V-Day-as-Matru-Pitru-Diwas/articleshow/46151391.cms|title=It's official: Chhattisgarh renames V-Day as 'Matru-Pitru Diwas'|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227211455/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Its-official-Chhattisgarh-renames-V-Day-as-Matru-Pitru-Diwas/articleshow/46151391.cms|archive-date=27 February 2015|access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> Similar statement was also issued by [[Hindu Mahasabha]].<ref name="TOI Feb 2015">{{Cite news |date=2015-02-07 |title=It's official: Chhattisgarh renames V-Day as 'Matru-Pitru Diwas' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Its-official-Chhattisgarh-renames-V-Day-as-Matru-Pitru-Diwas/articleshow/46151391.cms |access-date=2023-08-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2014 he started ''Tulsi Poojan Diwas'' (a day to worship Tulsi - the Holy Hindu plant) to counter the celebration of Christmas.<ref name="Zee News Dec 2020">[https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/tulsi-pujan-day-2020-tulsi-day-trending-on-christmas/814610 Tulsi Pujan Day 2020: Tulsi Day trending on Christmas | क्रिसमस के बीच ट्विटर पर ट्रेंड कर रहा है तुलसी पूजन दिवस, जानिए क्या है वजह | Hindi News, देश]</ref>

The teachings are typically pre-recorded and broadcast through mass-media.<ref name="open_dark_2013" /> Asaram has also organized spiritual discourses all over India, whence his disciples are accorded ''[[diksha]]'' (initiation by a guru) by him. Around 20,000 students visited his ''satsang'' in Ahmedabad in December 2001.<ref name="SatsangCrowd">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-12-02/ahmedabad/27250212_1_asaram-bapu-students-throng-sant |title=Students throng at Asaram Bapu's discourse |date=2 December 2001 |access-date=2 December 2001 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023205137/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-12-02/ahmedabad/27250212_1_asaram-bapu-students-throng-sant |archive-date=23 October 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="dikshafollowers">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-05-08/patna/27833997_1_asaram-bapu-diksha-disciples |title=Many to take 'diksha' today |date=8 May 2005 |work=The Times of India |access-date=8 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034650/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-05-08/patna/27833997_1_asaram-bapu-diksha-disciples |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}} Many to take 'diksha' today</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Spiritual leader Asaram Bapu survives chopper crash|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-30/vadodara/33498016_1_asaram-bapu-chopper-crash-helicopter |newspaper=The Times of India |date=30 August 2012 |access-date=22 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019122307/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-30/vadodara/33498016_1_asaram-bapu-chopper-crash-helicopter|archive-date=19 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also participated in [[Shuddhi (Hinduism)|shuddhi movements]], and advocated against conversion to Christianity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kanungo|first1=Pralay|last2=Joshi|first2=Satyakam|date=2009-12-01|title=Carving out a White Marble Deity from a Rugged Black Stone?: Hindutva Rehabilitates Ramayan's Shabari in a Temple|journal=[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]]|language=en|volume=13|issue=3|pages=279–299|doi=10.1007/s11407-010-9080-5|issn=1574-9282|jstor=40608066|s2cid=143078203}}</ref><ref name="Frontline 2013-10-04" />

In 2024, thousands gathered at Asaram's Ahmedabad Ashram for Spiritual Awakening shivir organized during Diwali. The annual seven day event aimed to promote holistic development through Vedic knowledge, yogic practices and cultural revival.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-06 |title=Thousands gather for Diwali Shivir at Asaram Bapu Ashram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/thousands-gather-for-diwali-shivir-at-asaram-bapu-ashram/articleshow/115025792.cms |access-date= |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Economic activities ===
Asaram runs an Ayurvedic medicine business.<ref name="Frontline 2013-10-04" /> Two magazines—''RishiPrasad'', a monthly and ''Lok Kalyan Setu'', a fortnightly—sold about 14 lakh copies every month in 2008, incurring a net annual earning of around INR 7.50 crore.<ref name="India Today 2008-08-24" /> Around three to four Gurupurnima functions, held per year, received donations ranging into crores of rupees.<ref name="India Today 2008-08-24" /> [[Frontline (magazine)|''Frontline'']] valued his assets (2008) at about INR 5000 Crore.<ref name="Frontline 2013-10-04" />

Gross economic mismanagement has been documented.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__R5DwAAQBAJ|title=God of Sin: The Cult, Clout and Downfall of Asaram Bapu|last=Majumdar|first=Ushinor|date=2018-12-05|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-365-9|language=en}}</ref>

=== Tulsi Pujan Diwas ===
Asaram constituted Tulsi Pujan Diwas in 2014. It has been promoted as an alternative to [[Christmas]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=क्रिसमस पर क्यों मना रहे हैं तुलसी पूजन दिवस |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-42478227 |access-date=2025-06-19 |work=BBC News हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
=== Land encroachment ===
Asaram had a modus operandi of occupying vacant plots of land, through illegal means including forgery of records<ref name="India Today 2008-08-24" /> and unleashing a throng of devotees, when resisted by the state machinery.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /> A number of his ashrams have faced legal challenges, on grounds of illegal encroachment. Multiple state governments have razed ashrams to reclaim lands, that were illegally encroached upon (including by forgery of documents)<ref name="IE_rise_2013" /><ref name="thai-demolish">{{cite news |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/asaram-ashram-encroachment-demolished-in-gujarat_100466359.html|title=Asaram ashram encroachment demolished in Gujarat|date=27 November 2010 |publisher=Thaindian News |access-date=11 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911004459/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/asaram-ashram-encroachment-demolished-in-gujarat_100466359.html|archive-date=11 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tehelka_taint_2013" /> and there are multiple pending cases and investigations.<ref name="toi-700cr">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-17/bhopal/36393250_1_asaram-bapu-narayan-sai-sfio|title=Asaram Bapu's prosecution sought for Rs 700cr land grab|date=17 January 2013 |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824072830/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-17/bhopal/36393250_1_asaram-bapu-narayan-sai-sfio|archive-date=24 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2009, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly had revealed Asaram illegally encroaching upon net land of 67,099 sq. m, in [[Ahmedabad]] alone.<ref name="open_dark_2013" /> In February 2013, Serious Fraud Investigation Office recommended his prosecution in land encroachment worth INR 700 crore.<ref>{{cite news |author=Anup Dutta |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/asaram-gurukul-blames-teenager-for-abnormal-behaviour-174683-2013-08-23 |title=Asaram Bapu's gurukul says girl 'abnormal' after she accuses godman of sexual assault |date=23 August 2013 |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=2019-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217201604/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/asaram-gurukul-blames-teenager-for-abnormal-behaviour-174683-2013-08-23 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Gurukul deaths===

By 2008, 40 of Asaram's ashrams had [[Gurukulam|gurukul]]s (residential schools) attached to them.<ref name="IE_rise_2013" />

On 3 July 2008, two boys went missing from Asaram's gurukul in [[Motera]] ([[Gujarat]]).<ref name="open_dark_2013" /> The boys' parents alleged that the ashram administration initially tried to restrain them from lodging a complaint with the police and that the police harassed them on receiving cues from ashram heavyweights.<ref name="open_dark_2013" /> On 5 July 2008, the boys' mutilated bodies were found on the banks of the [[Sabarmati River]] near the Ashram, with the ashram having conducted several futile religious efforts in locating them.<ref name="open_dark_2013" /> The incident led to unprecedented state-wide public agitations,<ref name="Frontline 2017-10-13" /> with allegations that the boys had been sacrificed by Asaram and his followers through [[black magic]].<ref name="open_dark_2013" />

Around the same time, two more boys were found dead at a sister-gurukul in [[Chhindwara]] (accommodating about 370 students).<ref name="open_dark_2013" /><ref name="Indian Express 2008-08-01">{{cite news |date=1 August 2008 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/fourth-child-found-dead-in-gurukul-run-by-asaram-bapu--protests-snowball/343187/|title=Fourth child found dead in gurukul run by Asaram Bapu; protests snowball |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=Express News Service |access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> There were widespread local protests with calls for closure and numerous parents chose to take away their wards as a result, especially after the ashram authorities tried to prevent any telephonic conversation between them.<ref name="Indian Express 2008-08-02">{{cite news |author=Vivek Deshpande |date=2 August 2008 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/as-defence-asaram-ashram-fields-parents-of-dead-child/343681/ |title=As defence, Asaram ashram fields parents of dead child |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/14yearold-killed-gurukul-students-cops/344322/|title=14-year-old killed gurukul students: cops |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> The post-mortem report of the first death did not show any abnormality other than that of accidental death by drowning, and the parents accepted the results whilst giving Asaram and the Ashram authorities a clean chit.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/parents-of-dead-minor-give-clean-chit-to-asaram-ashram-27812-2008-07-30|title=Parents of dead minor give clean chit to Asaram ashram |date=30 July 2008 |agency=Press Trust of India |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> Forensic investigation went on to reveal bite marks on the second body;<ref name="Frontline 2017-10-13" /> however, the parents chose to not hold the Ashram authorities of any negligence, and instead wanted a probe into an alleged conspiracy to defame the ashram.<ref name="Indian Express 2008-08-02" /> A magistrate-level inquiry was subsequently ordered,<ref name="Indian Express 2008-08-01" /> which held a fourteen year old fellow student of murdering both the children.<ref name="Indian Express 2008-08-04">{{cite news |author=Milind Ghatwai |date=4 August 2008 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/14yearold-killed-gurukul-students-cops/344322 |title=14-year-old killed gurukul students: cops |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> The ashram was soon shut for at least a week.<ref name="Indian Express 2008-08-04" />

The [[Narendra Modi]]-led Gujarat state government set up the Justice D.K. Trivedi Commission to probe the deaths in the Motera ashram and allotted a time-frame of three months.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/parents-of-boys-demand-cbi-probe/article5212003.ece|title=Parents of boys demand CBI probe|date=7 October 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=12 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830200807/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/parents-of-boys-demand-cbi-probe/article5212003.ece|archive-date=30 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Indian Express 2008-08-01" /> The commission had been criticized by the High Court for its procedural biases towards Asaram;<ref name="open_dark_2013" /> the final report was submitted in 2013, but were only disclosed in 2019 by the state legislature, essentially exonerating Asaram of all charges but holding the ashram authorities responsible for negligence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/death-of-two-school-children-asaram-son-get-clean-chit-from-commission/articleshow/70399390.cms|title=Death of two school-children: Asaram, son get clean chit from commission|date=2019-07-26|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref> A concurrent [[Crime Investigation Department (India)|CID]] probe, ordered on the behest of the [[High Court of Gujarat]] had already rejected the claims of practice of black magic, in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/crime/cid-finds-no-proof-of-black-magic-in-asaram-ashram/|title=CID finds no proof of black magic in Asaram ashram|date=8 April 2010|work=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930115926/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/crime/cid-finds-no-proof-of-black-magic-in-asaram-ashram/|archive-date=30 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

It was reported that after this event, Narendra Modi had warned the Vishwa Hindu Parishad not to support Asaram in any public forum. Asaram's supporters attempted to a patch-up with Modi, but were unsuccessful.<ref>[https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/opinion-asarams-downfall-began-10-years-ago-with-a-probe-by-cm-narendra-modi-in-gujarat-1730295.html Asaram's Downfall Began 10 Years Ago With a Probe by CM Narendra Modi in Gujarat, News18, APRIL 26, 2018]</ref> VHP was critical of Narendra Modi for abandoning Asaram.<ref>[http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vhp-attacks-bjp-govt-in-gujarat-on-asaram-bapu-issue/558284/ VHP attacks BJP govt in Gujarat on Asaram Bapu issue, Indian Express, Wed Dec 23 2009]</ref> Modi later in 2013 asked BJP not to defend Asaram.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/dont-defend-asaram-bapu-narendra-modi-tells-bjp-175287-2013-08-28 Don't defend rape-accused Asaram. Modi's angry diktat to party leaders, India Today, Bhavna Vij-Aurora, August 28, 2013]</ref> Modi also ordered an investigation into his ashram properties.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/modi-gives-orders-to-investigate-asarams-ashram-properties-209981-2013-09-05 Modi gives orders to investigate Asaram's ashram properties, India Today, UDAY MAHURKAR, September 5, 2013]</ref>

=== Delhi gang rape comments ===
In January 2013, while addressing a gathering of his followers, Asaram commented of the [[2012 Delhi gang rape|2012 Delhi gang rape victim]] to be as guilty as her rapists: "The victim is as guilty as her rapists… She should have called the culprits brothers and begged before them to stop… This could have saved her dignity and life. Can one hand clap? I don't think so."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=C. Mackenzie|last2=Agrawal|first2=Nupur D.|date=2014|title=The Rape that Woke Up India: Hindu Imagination and the Rape of Jyoti Singh Pandey|url=https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=relig_faculty|journal=[[Journal of Religion and Violence]]|volume=2|issue=2|pages=240|doi=10.5840/jrv2014222|issn=2159-6808|jstor=26671430|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/india-delhi-gang-rape-asaram-bapu-views-idINDEE90809L20130109|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306214700/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-delhi-gang-rape-asaram-bapu-views-idINDEE90809L20130109|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2016|title=Asaram Bapu's view on Delhi rape raises anger, but shared by many|date=2013-01-09|publisher=Reuters |language=en |access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> He went on to opine against harsher punishments for the accused in the Delhi rape victim case (under retrospective provisions), as he felt that the law had the potential to be misused.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Asaram-Bapu-holds-victim-responsible-for-gangrape/Article1-986079.aspx|title=Asaram Bapu adds to shame, says victim at fault too|date=7 January 2013|work=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212020951/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Asaram-Bapu-holds-victim-responsible-for-gangrape/Article1-986079.aspx|archive-date=12 February 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=13 January 2013}}</ref>

The comments were widely criticized.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dutta|first1=Debolina|last2=Sircar|first2=Oishik|date=2013|title=India's Winter of Discontent: Some Feminist Dilemmas in the Wake of a Rape|journal=[[Feminist Studies]]|volume=39|issue=1|pages=295|issn=0046-3663|jstor=23719318}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kinnvall|first=Catarina|date=March 2017|title=Feeling ontologically (in)secure: States, traumas and the governing of gendered space|journal=Cooperation and Conflict|language=en|volume=52|issue=1|pages=90–108|doi=10.1177/0010836716641137|s2cid=146989700|issn=0010-8367}}</ref> Asaram states that his statements were distorted and misrepresented.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/delhi-gang-rape-asaram-bapu-denies-controversial-144234916.html|title=Delhi gang rape: Asaram Bapu denies 'controversial' comment|date=8 January 2013|publisher=Yahoo! News |access-date=26 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005003727/http://in.news.yahoo.com/delhi-gang-rape-asaram-bapu-denies-controversial-144234916.html|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Jodhpur rape convictions and imprisonment ===
In August 2013, a 16-year-old girl who was staying at Asaram's ashram in Manai village near Jodhpur,<ref name=Desk /> accused Asaram of sexually assaulting her on the night of 15 August at his Manai ashram in [[Jodhpur]] on the pretext of exorcising her from evil spirits.<ref name="NDTV_Jodhpur_2013">{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/asaram-bapu-brought-to-jodhpur-after-late-night-arrest-533252|title=Asaram Bapu brought to Jodhpur after late night arrest|publisher=NDTV|date=1 September 2013|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927180613/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/asaram-bapu-brought-to-jodhpur-after-late-night-arrest-533252|archive-date=27 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LokSabha">{{cite news |title=After rape, Asaram Bapu threatened me to keep quiet, says girl|url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/after-rape-asaram-bapu-threatened-me-to-keep-quiet-says-girl/1160366|newspaper=Financial Express|date=26 August 2013|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701194943/http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/after-rape-asaram-bapu-threatened-me-to-keep-quiet-says-girl/1160366|archive-date=1 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The girl's parents, who were disciples of Asaram, filed a complaint with the police in [[Delhi]], and a case was registered after the medical examination of the girl confirmed sexual assault.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/asaram-bapu-rape-case-medical-test-confirms-sexual-assualt-174525-2013-08-20|title=Asaram Bapu rape case: Medical test confirms sexual assault of victim|date=21 August 2013|newspaper=India Today|access-date=2 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707102810/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/asaram-bapu-rape-case-medical-test-confirms-sexual-assualt/1/300632.html|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> The issue was discussed in [[Indian Parliament]] and a strict action was demanded.<ref name="LokSabha"/>

When Asaram did not appear for interrogation by 31 August, [[Delhi Police]] booked him under multiple non-bailable sections of [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/fir-registered-by-victim-against-asaram-bapu-reveals-a-horrific-tale-of-sexually-assault-175561-2013-08-30|title=FIR registered by victim against Asaram Bapu reveals a horrific tale of sexual assault|work=intoday.in|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902211704/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/fir-registered-by-victim-against-asaram-bapu-reveals-a-horrific-tale-of-sexually-assault/1/304713.html|archive-date=2 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Asaram was in one of his ashram(s) in [[Indore]] when clashes broke out between his disciples and the journalists and policemen.<ref name="TH_attack_2013">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/asaram-supporters-attack-on-journalists-condemned/article5079624.ece|title=Asaram supporters attack on journalists condemned|last=Singh|first=Mahim Pratap|date=31 August 2013|work=The Hindu|location=Chennai, India|access-date=1 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230141/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/asaram-supporters-attack-on-journalists-condemned/article5079624.ece|archive-date=4 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Eventually, the Jodhpur police arrested him on 1 September 2013 from his ashram,<ref name="NDTV_Jodhpur_2013" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian guru Asaram Bapu arrested over rape claims|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/01/indian-guru-asaram-bapu-rape-claim|date=1 September 2013|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221095111/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/01/indian-guru-asaram-bapu-rape-claim|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and flew him to Jodhpur, where he was imprisoned.<ref name="Wire_convicted">{{cite news |title=Asaram Bapu, Two Others Convicted of Raping Minor Girl |url=https://thewire.in/law/asaram-bapu-four-others-convicted-of-raping-minor-girl |work=The Wire |date=25 April 2018 |access-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612185020/https://thewire.in/law/asaram-bapu-four-others-convicted-of-raping-minor-girl |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Asaram was charged under Sections 342, 376, 506 and 509 of the IPC, as well as under Section 8 of the [[Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act]] (POCSO) and sections 23 and 26 of the [[Juvenile Justice Act]].<ref name="Wire_convicted" /> Before his arrest he got wide-scale support from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], including local MLA [[Ramesh Mendola]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/asaram-served-summons-to-appear-in-jodhpur-by-august-30/article5065101.ece |title=Asaram served summons; to appear in Jodhpur by August 30 |access-date=13 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102122742/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/asaram-served-summons-to-appear-in-jodhpur-by-august-30/article5065101.ece |archive-date=2 January 2014 |url-status=live |newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 August 2013 |last1=Vincent |first1=Pheroze L.}}</ref> [[Ashok Singhal]] and [[Pravin Togadia]], presidents of [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] deemed the arrest to be an attack on Hindu religious sentiments; [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]], the student wing of the ruling party and the [[Hindu Janajagruti Samiti|Hindu Jagruti Manch]] organised violent demonstrations across the country, in protest.<ref name="Frontline 2013-10-04" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/asaram-bapu-is-real-saint-is-innocent-pravin-togadia/articleshow/22125229.cms?from=mdr|title=Asaram Bapu is real saint, is innocent: Pravin Togadia|date=2013-08-28|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref>

Asaram had dismissed the girl's allegations<ref>{{cite news |title=Bakwaas: Asaram Bapu's response to charges that he threatened teen girl|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/bakwaas-asaram-bapu-s-response-to-charges-that-he-threatened-teen-girl-410966|newspaper=NDTV|date=27 August 2013|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831143235/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/bakwaas-asaram-bapu-s-response-to-charges-that-he-threatened-teen-girl-410966|archive-date=31 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sonia & Rahul running a campaign against me, says Asaram Bapu|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130829/news-current-affairs/article/sonia-rahul-running-campaign-against-me-says-asaram-bapu|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=29 August 2013|access-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005065730/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130829/news-current-affairs/article/sonia-rahul-running-campaign-against-me-says-asaram-bapu|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and claimed [[impotency]] (which was subsequently proved to be untrue).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Asaram-cleared-potency-test-without-any-drugs/articleshow/22243949.cms|title=Asaram cleared potency test without any drugs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906012159/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Asaram-cleared-potency-test-without-any-drugs/articleshow/22243949.cms|archive-date=6 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/asaram-tells-police-he-is-impotent-209612-2013-09-01|title=Asaram tells police he is impotent, potency test says he has active libido|work=intoday.in|access-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618235657/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/asaram-tells-police-he-is-impotent/1/305098.html|archive-date=18 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Asaram had submitted to the court citation letters from former presidents [[K. R. Narayanan|KR Narayanan]] and [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|APJ Abdul Kalam]], former vice president [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], and Congress leaders [[Digvijaya Singh]], [[Kamal Nath]] and [[Kapil Sibal]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Aman |date=2018-04-27 |title=Citation letters from President, netas couldn't save Asaram |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/citation-letters-from-president-netas-couldnt-save-asaram/articleshow/63933583.cms |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> to buttress his claim of having performed charitable acts over the years. However, the court, which sentenced him to life imprisonment for raping a minor girl, dismissed the citations. He has since been in jail and was denied bail 12 times.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/asarams-son-narayan-sai-gets-temporary-bail/20150525.htm|title=Asaram's son Narayan Sai gets temporary bail|date=25 May 2015|work=rediff.com|access-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525141436/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/asarams-son-narayan-sai-gets-temporary-bail/20150525.htm|archive-date=25 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/sc-rejects-jailed-godman-asaram-bapus-bail-plea-1726265.html|title=SC rejects jailed godman Asaram Bapu's bail plea |website=Firstpost |access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411180532/https://www.firstpost.com/india/sc-rejects-jailed-godman-asaram-bapus-bail-plea-1726265.html|archive-date=11 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-refuses-to-grant-bail-to-asaram-bapu-orders-lodging-of-fresh-fir/articleshow/56869879.cms|title=SC refuses to grant bail to Asaram Bapu, orders lodging of fresh FIR – Times of India ►|work=The Times of India|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616212030/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-refuses-to-grant-bail-to-asaram-bapu-orders-lodging-of-fresh-fir/articleshow/56869879.cms|archive-date=16 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="theHindu_sentence">{{cite news |title=Self-styled godman Asaram sentenced to be in jail until death for raping minor girl|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/self-styled-godman-asaram-sentenced-to-be-in-jail-until-death-for-raping-minor-girl/article23669214.ece |work=The Hindu |date=25 April 2018 |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909182248/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/self-styled-godman-asaram-sentenced-to-be-in-jail-until-death-for-raping-minor-girl/article23669214.ece|archive-date=9 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The family of the victim allege that they received threats from Asaram's followers wanting the charges against him dropped.<ref name="Wire_convicted"/>

On 25 April 2018, Jodhpur Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Court found him guilty of the rape charges and pronounced a verdict of [[life imprisonment]], along with a fine of ₹500,000 which was to be paid to the victim.<ref name="theHindu_sentence"/> Two of his associates were awarded 20 years imprisonment.<ref name="rape2">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/self-styled-godman-asaram-found-guilty-of-rape-of-teenager-in-2013/articleshow/63892726.cms|title=Self-styled godman Asaram found guilty of rape of teenager in 2013 – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426034212/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/self-styled-godman-asaram-found-guilty-of-rape-of-teenager-in-2013/articleshow/63892726.cms|archive-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Desk"/><ref name="The Economic Times">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/asaram-verdict-today-security-beefed-up-in-3-states-media-entry-banned/articleshow/63903700.cms|title=Asaram Bapu verdict live updates : Godman along with two co- accused found guilty by Jodhpur Court|date=25 April 2018|work=The Economic Times|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184749/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/asaram-verdict-today-security-beefed-up-in-3-states-media-entry-banned/articleshow/63903700.cms|archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref> He and the other co-accuseds went on to appeal for a suspension of the sentence in the [[Rajasthan High Court]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/asaram-cites-trial-by-media-in-rape-conviction-files-appeal-against-life-term/story-7DzUHltoz4TFq57rGif41J.html|title=Asaram cites 'trial by media' in rape conviction, files appeal against life term|date=3 July 2018|work=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930115801/https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/asaram-cites-trial-by-media-in-rape-conviction-files-appeal-against-life-term/story-7DzUHltoz4TFq57rGif41J.html|archive-date=30 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 September 2018, the Court suspended the sentence of one of the co-accused;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-asaram-bapu-rape-case-rajasthan-hc-suspends-sentence-of-co-accused-grants-her-bail-2669571|title=Asaram Bapu rape case: Rajasthan HC suspends sentence of co-accused, grants her bail|date=29 September 2018|work=DNA India |access-date=30 September 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930154429/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-asaram-bapu-rape-case-rajasthan-hc-suspends-sentence-of-co-accused-grants-her-bail-2669571|archive-date=30 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajashan-high-court-admits-appeal-against-conviction-of-asaram-1940191|title=Rajashan High Court Admits Appeal Against Conviction of Asaram|work=NDTV |access-date=11 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112021312/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajashan-high-court-admits-appeal-against-conviction-of-asaram-1940191|archive-date=12 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> however, on 23 September 2019, Asaram's plea for suspension was rejected.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/asaram-bapu-jodhpur-hc-rape-case-1602214-2019-09-23|title=Jodhpur HC dismisses Asaram Bapu's plea challenging life term in rape case|date=23 September 2019|website=India Today|language=en|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211072358/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/asaram-bapu-jodhpur-hc-rape-case-1602214-2019-09-23|archive-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> Appeal said the trial court ignored many facts in its decision, "The present case is a clear and disturbing illustration of trial by media."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 July 2018|title=Media Trial|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/asaram-cites-trial-by-media-in-rape-conviction-files-appeal-against-life-term/story-7DzUHltoz4TFq57rGif41J.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703045407/https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/asaram-cites-trial-by-media-in-rape-conviction-files-appeal-against-life-term/story-7DzUHltoz4TFq57rGif41J.html |archive-date=3 July 2018 |access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 July 2018|title=trial by media|url=https://scroll.in/latest/885076/asaram-appeals-against-rape-conviction-in-rajasthan-high-court-alleges-trial-by-media|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104225419/https://scroll.in/latest/885076/asaram-appeals-against-rape-conviction-in-rajasthan-high-court-alleges-trial-by-media |archive-date=4 January 2019 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> A separate appeal on the premises of the merits of the judgement, is ongoing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/23/asaram-bapus-plea-for-suspension-of-sentence-dismissed-by-jodhpur-hc-2037851.html|title=Asaram Bapu's plea for suspension of sentence dismissed by Jodhpur HC|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211072357/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/23/asaram-bapus-plea-for-suspension-of-sentence-dismissed-by-jodhpur-hc-2037851.html|archive-date=11 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Asaram continues to evoke blind devotion from his followers, who believe that he has been the victim of a conspiracy.<ref name="BBC Outlook 2018-06-14" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-following/|title=The Following|date=2013-09-15|website=The Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211144238/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/the-following/|archive-date=11 December 2024|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/asaram-verdict-ashram-quiet-followers-indignant/articleshow/63916067.cms |title=Asaram verdict: Ashram quiet, followers indignant |date=25 April 2018 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=2019-12-27}}</ref>

=== Surat rape case ===
In December 2013, Asaram's son Narayan was arrested on charges of rape, after two sisters from [[Surat]] alleged that he and his father had raped them in Asaram's ashram during the mid-2000s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/asarams-son-narayan-sai-arrested-gujarat-police-get-one-day-remand_894234.html|title=Asaram's son Narayan Sai arrested, Gujarat Police get one-day remand|work=Zee News|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082113/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/asarams-son-narayan-sai-arrested-gujarat-police-get-one-day-remand_894234.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live|date=4 December 2013}}</ref> The elder sister accused Asaram of repeated sexual assaults during 1997–2006 at the Motera ashram, whilst the younger sister accused Narayan of sexually assaulting her during 2002–2005 at the Surat ashram. One of the sisters also alleged that Asaram's wife and daughter helped the two men exploit the girls.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-police-arrest-asaram-bapus-wife-daughter-release-them-1939662|title=Police arrest Asaram Bapu's wife, daughter; release them|work=DNA India |access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713050405/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-police-arrest-asaram-bapus-wife-daughter-release-them-1939662|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live|date=23 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="Surat_witness">{{cite news |title=I fear for my life, says prime witness in rape cases against Asaram, Narayan Sai|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/i-fear-for-my-life-family-says-prime-witness-in-rape-cases-against-asaram-narayan-sai-1219548-2018-04-25 |work=India Today |date=25 April 2018 |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425065302/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/i-fear-for-my-life-family-says-prime-witness-in-rape-cases-against-asaram-narayan-sai-1219548-2018-04-25|archive-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2023, a Gandhi Nagar court convicted him of this charge and sentence him to life imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-31 |title=Asaram Bapu gets life imprisonment in rape case |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gujarat-court-awards-life-imprisonment-to-godman-asaram-bapu-imposes-fine-of-50000-for-repeated-rape-and-sexual-exploitation/article66453821.ece |access-date=2023-08-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On April 26, 2019, Narayan was convicted under Indian Penal Code sections 376 (rape), 377 (unnatural offences), 323 (assault), 506-2 (criminal intimidation) and 120-B (conspiracy) by Surat Court and sentenced to life imprisonment.<ref name="Deccan">{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/narayan-sai-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-for-rape-731472.html|title=Narayan Sai sentenced to life imprisonment for rape|author=Satish Jha|date=April 30, 2019|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=April 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430140452/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/narayan-sai-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-for-rape-731472.html|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Attacks against witnesses ===
From 2014 to 2015, there have been numerous attacks against various witnesses and relatives of victims, in the Asaram case.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /><ref name="tehelka_taint_2013" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/husband-of-woman-who-accused-narayan-sai-of-rape-attacked-1404435.html|title=Husband of woman who accused Narayan Sai of rape attacked|work=Oneindia|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045812/http://www.oneindia.com/india/husband-of-woman-who-accused-narayan-sai-of-rape-attacked-1404435.html|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live|date=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/witness-in-asaram-rape-case-attacked/|title=Witness in Asaram rape case attacked|date=12 March 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305201940/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/witness-in-asaram-rape-case-attacked/|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/five-held-for-attack-on-witnesses-in-rape-cases-against-asaram-sai/99/|title=Five held for attack on witnesses in rape cases against Asaram, Sai|date=19 March 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305195921/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/five-held-for-attack-on-witnesses-in-rape-cases-against-asaram-sai/99/|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/another-key-witness-in-narayan-sai-case-attacked-in-haryana/|title=Guard left, 6th Asaram case witness attacked|date=14 May 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705085848/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/another-key-witness-in-narayan-sai-case-attacked-in-haryana/|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/one-more-witness-in-asaram-case-is-shot-at/|title=Another Asaram Bapu case witness shot at, seventh attack till now|date=11 July 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712000126/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/one-more-witness-in-asaram-case-is-shot-at/|archive-date=12 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Teltumbde|first=Anand|author-link=Anand Teltumbde|date=2013|title=Who Are Behind India's Asarams?|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2013/41/margin-speak/who-are-behind-indias-asarams.html|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=48|issue=41|pages=10–11|issn=0012-9976|jstor=23528426|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/slide-show-1-rape-murder-prostitution-hawala-the-shady-world-of-asaram--son/20131204.htm|title=Rape, murder, prostitution, hawala: The shady world of Asaram & son|website=Rediff|language=en|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref>

A former devotee and Asaram's videographer was fired at by vehicle-borne assailants in March 2014.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /> Less than a week later, another former devotee, who was earlier thrown out of the ashram on spurious charges,<ref name="India Today 2008-08-24" /> was subject to an acid-attack but he managed to overpower one of his attackers; subsequent grilling revealed that the group were instructed by a devout follower of Asaram to assassinate witnesses in the case.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /> An ashram secretary was shot at, after his deposition before Trivedi Commission.<ref name="open_dark_2013" /> A former aide of Asaram, who had turned against him, was shot and killed on 23 May 2014, after multiple prior attempts.<ref name="IE_rise_2013" /><ref name="open_dark_2013" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Amrut-Prajapati-witness-against-Asaram-succumbs-to-bullet-wounds/articleshow/36363482.cms|title=Amrut Prajapati, witness against Asaram, succumbs to bullet wounds|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805025322/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Amrut-Prajapati-witness-against-Asaram-succumbs-to-bullet-wounds/articleshow/36363482.cms|archive-date=5 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Vanzara-protected-Asaram-like-a-wall/articleshow/24067037.cms|title=Vanzara protected Asaram like a wall|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611161728/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Vanzara-protected-Asaram-like-a-wall/articleshow/24067037.cms|archive-date=11 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/crime/asaram-is-alive-because-of-my-husband-my-husband-is-dead-because-of-him/99/|title=Asaram is alive because of my husband, my husband is dead because of him|date=24 June 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306015338/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/crime/asaram-is-alive-because-of-my-husband-my-husband-is-dead-because-of-him/99/|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Narendra Yadav, a vernacular journalist who profiled multiple stories on Asaram's exploits, was attacked in September 2014; he survived.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /> A former cook, who was the prime witness in the Surat rape case, was shot and killed on 11 January 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/asaram-case-5-things-to-know-about-akhil-gupta-shot-dead/1/412780.html|title=Asaram case: 5 things to know about Akhil Gupta who was shot dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810235756/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/asaram-case-5-things-to-know-about-akhil-gupta-shot-dead/1/412780.html|archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/police-say-not-ruling-out-asaram-link-to-well-planned-murder-of-rape-witness/99/|title=Looking at all possible angles, not ruling out Asaram link to 'well-planned' murder: police|date=14 January 2015|work=The Indian Express|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305180523/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/police-say-not-ruling-out-asaram-link-to-well-planned-murder-of-rape-witness/99/|archive-date=5 March 2016|access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> Another of Asaram's former personal assistants, who turned witness in the Jodhpur as well as Surat cases, was victim of a stabbing by one of Asaram's follower after a court-session in February 2015; he alleged the act to have been green-lit by Asaram himself.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /> Months later, the man went missing and police have failed to find any trace, till date; he had filed a plea in the Supreme Court for police protection, after being subject to a bevy of death threats by Asaram's followers, having mentioned about bringing more victims into the limelight.<ref name="Caravan 2017-04-01" /><ref name="Frontline 2017-10-13" /> Another ex-personal-assistant and witness in both the cases narrowly missed an attempted murder in May 2015 and now lives under state protection.<ref name="Surat_witness" />

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Asaram}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asaram}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of rape]]
[[Category:People from Shaheed Benazirabad District]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:Indian rapists]]
[[Category:Hindu religious leaders convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Scholars from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]

Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

2026-03-07T19:48:54Z

TessaLovins0: Starting A Info

{{Short description|Quasi-judicial body in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox high court
| court_name = Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
| native_name =
| established = 1986
| city =
| jurisdiction = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| location = 1/110, Amar Shaheed Path, Vikrant Khand -1, Vikrant Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010.<ref name="upcd ref1">{{cite web |title=State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, UP |url=http://scdrc.up.nic.in/ |website=State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, UP |access-date=1 February 2022 |archive-date=1 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201031254/http://scdrc.up.nic.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| appealsto =
| terms = 3 years from the date of entering office or up to 65 years of age (whichever is earlier)
| website = http://scdrc.up.nic.in/
| chiefjudgetitle = President
| chiefjudgename = Justice (retd.) Ashok Kumar
| chiefjudgetitle2 =
| chiefjudgename2 =
}}

The '''Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission''' is an [[autonomous]], [[statutory]] and [[constitution]]al institution formed as a [[quasi-judicial body]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] under Section 24-B of the [[Consumer Protection Act, 1986]] to protect the rights of [[consumer]]s. It is a system of [[Alternative dispute resolution|alternate dispute resolution]] between conflicting parties during the process of [[trade]]. The president of the States Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is appointed by the [[State governments of India|state government]] in consultation with the [[Chief justice|Chief Justice]] of state [[High courts of India|high court]].

== History and objective ==

Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission was formed to promote and protect the rights of consumers as per the Consumer Protection Act 1986.<ref name="scd ref17">{{cite news |title=Consumer Protection Act, 2019: Meaning and Key Features |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/meaning-and-features-of-consumer-protection-act-2019-1578557665-1 |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Jagranjosh |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="scd ref15">{{cite news |title=Consumer commission vacancies: SC warns of imposing exemplary costs on state govts for non-compliance {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/consumer-commission-vacancies-sc-warns-of-imposing-exemplary-costs-on-state-govts-for-non-compliance/articleshow/87631508.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=10 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref8">{{cite news |title=No chambers or even staff washrooms — bleak state of India's consumer courts reaches SC |url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/no-chambers-or-even-staff-washrooms-bleak-state-of-indias-consumer-courts-reaches-sc/780705/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=ThePrint |date=14 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref5">{{cite news |title=Consumer cases in district levels drop 26% in 2020 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/consumer-cases-in-district-levels-drop-26-in-2020/article37902841.ece |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=thehindubusinessline.com |date=8 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Composition ==

Following shall be the composition of Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission:<ref name="scd ref3">{{cite news |title=The Role Of Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies - Academike |url=https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/consumer-dispute-redrsal-agencies/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=lawctopus.com |date=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="scd ref9">{{cite news |title=Consumer Protection Act and Medical Profession - Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies |url=https://www.medindia.net/indian_health_act/consumer_protection_act_and_medical_profession_consumer_disputes_redressal_agencies.htm |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=medindia.net}}</ref>

# President and
# Not less than two members and not more than that prescribed in State Act.

President will be appointed by state Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of state High Court. The eligibility for president is that he should be serving or served as Judge in any High Court. Members should be of 1. Not less than 35 years of age and 2. recognised university bachelor's degree 3. With good ability, integrity and standing and with proficient experience of 10 years and expertise knowledge in subjects of accountancy, law, commerce, economics, industry, administration and public affairs and problem solving ability in same.

Also not more than fifty percent of members of committee should be from judicial background.

Hon'ble Mr. Ashok Kumar is the President of Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.

== Levels and jurisdiction ==

Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission was formed for promoting and protecting the rights of consumers through three levels with the below mentioned jurisdiction:<ref name="scd ref2">{{cite news |title=Government notifies new rules for consumer commissions; national body's jurisdiction enhanced |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/government-notifies-new-rules-for-consumer-commissions-national-bodys-jurisdiction-enhanced/articleshow/88596171.cms |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref1">{{cite news |title=District Consumer Forum is now District Commission; will hear cases of value up to ₹1 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/district-consumer-forum-is-now-district-commission-will-hear-cases-of-value-up-to-1-crore/story-13pfET9A7TCnpHPkchnZ1O.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=16 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref6">{{cite news |title=NCDRC's ambit widened for faster disposal of plaints {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ncdrcs-ambit-widened-for-faster-disposal-of-plaints/articleshow/88603193.cms |access-date=27 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=31 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref10">{{cite news |title=Central govt notifies new rules for enhancing consumer protection |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/central-govt-notifies-new-rules-for-enhancing-consumer-protection-121123100116_1.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
* '''District Commission''' (earlier referred to as '''District Forum''') can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is up to ₹1 crore (Earlier limit was ₹20 lakh).
* '''State Commission''' can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is more than ₹1 crore but less than ₹10 crores ( earlier limit was between ₹20 lakh and ₹1 crore).<ref name="upcd ref2">{{cite news |last1=Misra |first1=Barsha |title=Delayed diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy: Court exonerates doctor, Hospital from medical negligence |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/news/health/medico-legal/delayed-diagnosis-of-ectopic-pregnancy-court-exonerates-doctor-hospital-from-medical-negligence-84069 |access-date=1 February 2022 |publisher=medicaldialogues.in |date=5 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="upcd ref3">{{cite news |last1=Misra |first1=Anant Shekher |title=Uttar Pradesh: Consumer panel orders airlines to pay Rs 85.5 lakh to passenger for deboarding him {{!}} Kanpur News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/uttar-pradesh-consumer-panel-orders-airlines-to-pay-rs-85-5-lakh-to-passenger-for-deboarding-him/articleshow/86875502.cms |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=8 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''National Commission''' can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is more than 10 crores.

== Filing complaints ==
{{main|E-Daakhil}}

Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission laid down below process of filing and resolving complaints:<ref name="scd ref11">{{cite news |title=New rules for consumer commissions: Government issues notification - All you need to know |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-new-rules-for-consumer-commissions-government-issues-notification-all-you-need-to-know-174930 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Zee Business |date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref4">{{cite news |title=The State Commission, Under Consumer Protection Act |url=https://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/stco.htm |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=legalserviceindia.com}}</ref><ref name="scd ref14">{{cite news |title=Be it defective saree or tawa, consumers getting speedy justice via e-Daakhil: CCPA |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/be-it-defective-saree-or-tawa-consumers-getting-speedy-justice-via-e-daakhil-ccpa/articleshow/87926927.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=26 November 2021}}</ref>

Complaints can be filed electronically and examination of disputing parties is done through video-conferencing, which includes hearing and/or examination through any other mode. The time period for resolving dispute in case the complaint does not require analysis and testing of product quality is 3 months from the date of receipt of notice by the opposite party. However, if the complaint requires analysis or testing of product quality the time limit for resolving dispute is within 5 months. Complaints can be filed using [[E-Daakhil]] portal.

== Penalties and imprisonment ==
* Manufacturers and Service providers are made punishable as a criminal offence for giving misleading information or for wrong advertisement of product.
* Punishment may include fine of Rs 10 lakhs or imprisonment for 2 years or both.

== Investigative agency ==
* Violation of consumer rights or unfair trade practices is investigated by the Investigation wing headed by Director-General level position in [[Central Consumer Protection Authority]] (CCPA).

==Important terms==

Following are the important terms in Uttar Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission:<ref name="scd ref7">{{cite news |title=Changes in India's Consumer Protection Act 2019 |url=https://www.lawyer-monthly.com/2020/01/changes-in-indias-consumer-protection-act-2019/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Lawyer Monthly {{!}} Legal News Magazine |date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="scd ref13">{{cite news |title=State Commission Under Consumer Protection Act - Composition and Powers {{!}} Law column |url=https://www.lawcolumn.in/state-commission-under-consumer-protection-act-composition-and-powers/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=lawcolumn.in |date=20 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref16">{{cite news |title=National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission - NCDRC |url=https://www.legalserviceindia.com/calendars-causelists/NCDRC.htm |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=legalserviceindia.com}}</ref>
* As per the act "Goods" means anything purchased by consumers either in retail or wholesale from retailers or wholesalers. They can either be produced or manufactured.
* As per the act "services" means those which are in the form of "[[transport]], [[telephone]], [[electricity]], housing, banking, insurance, medical treatment etc".
* As per the act consumer means " any person who buys any goods or hires or avails any services for a consideration which has already been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised or under any system of deferred payment".
* Person includes anyone buying goods, either through online system or direct or offline, by way of teleshopping, or through mode of electronic includes direct selling or in a [[multi-level marketing]].
* Consumer does not include person buying or availing goods or services for resale or for any other commercial purpose.
* For the purpose of commission the terms are referred in Consumer Protection Act'2019.

== Challenges ==
* The district, state and national level commissions face challenges of understaffing or non fulfillment of vacancies in time.<ref name="scd ref12">{{cite news |title=4 of 28 state consumer bodies at full strength, SC told, court says 'completely unacceptable' |url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/only-4-of-28-state-consumer-bodies-at-full-strength-sc-says-completely-unacceptable/714835/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=ThePrint |date=16 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref5" /><ref name="scd ref18">{{cite journal |title=THREE TIER MECHANISM OF CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR FUNCTIONING |journal=ResearchGate |date=2017 |volume=4 |issue=4 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349412457 |access-date=31 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* The report prepared by senior advocate on the directions of [[Supreme Court of India]] found out many shortcomings in the offices of district and state consumer redressal bodies in many states of India. These include absence of storage rooms for case files, lack of member chambers for convenience of members hearing complaints, non availability of court rooms and washrooms in selective cases.<ref name="scd ref8" />

== See also ==
* [[National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]
* [[Odisha State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]
* [[Telangana State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://scdrc.up.nic.in/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201031254/http://scdrc.up.nic.in/ |date=2022-02-01 }}


[[Category:Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions of India]]

Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen

2026-03-04T00:12:28Z

TessaLovins0: Created A Stub...

{{Short description|2024 Indian documentary film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen
| image = Parama.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Suman Ghosh (director)|Suman Ghosh]]
| producer =
| writer = Suman Ghosh
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Aparna Sen]]
*[[Konkona Sen]]
*[[Shabana Azmi]]
*[[Rahul Bose]]
*[[Anjan Dutt]]
}}
| music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
| cinematography = Soumik Haldar
| editing = Sankha
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2024|1|27|[[International Film Festival Rotterdam]]|2025|1|3|India|df=yes}}
| runtime = 80 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Hindi]] [[English language|English]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen''''' is a 2024 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[documentary film]] directed by [[Suman Ghosh (director)|Suman Ghosh]]. It chronicles the career and life of filmmaker, actor, and cultural figure [[Aparna Sen]], known for her contributions to [[Indian parallel cinema]] through films like ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]'' (1981) and ''[[Parama (film)|Parama]]'' (1985). The documentary premiered at the [[International Film Festival Rotterdam]] on 27 January 2024, in the Cinema Regained strand.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |title=Suman Ghosh's documentary on Aparna Sen to premiere at International Film Festival Rotterdam in January 2024 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/suman-ghoshs-documentary-on-aparna-sen-to-premiere-at-international-film-festival-rotterdam-in-january-2024/cid/2075242 |date=2023-12-19 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Telegraph India]]}}</ref> It was released theatrically in India on 3 January 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=ঘোষ |first1=সুদীপ |title=অপর্ণা সেন নামক তথাকথিত অর্ধপ্রহেলিকার সমাধান সুমন ভালই করেছেন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/review-of-parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-a-documentary-on-aparna-sen-dgtl/cid/1572293 |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=4 January 2025 |language=bn |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114121738/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/review-of-parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-a-documentary-on-aparna-sen-dgtl/cid/1572293 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhanja |first1=Sandipta |title=KIFF 2024: 'পরমা' তথ্যচিত্রে 'ব্যক্তি অপর্ণা'কে উদযাপন সুমন ঘোষের |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/kolkata-international-film-festival-2024-parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-by-suman-ghosh-review/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=5 December 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The film follows [[Aparna Sen]] as she revisits locations where she filmed ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]'', ''[[Parama (film)|Parama]]'', and ''[[Paromitar Ek Din]]'', guided by director [[Suman Ghosh]]. Sen discusses her [[feminism|feminist]] themes and political views, including critiques of right-wing politics in ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Iyer]]''.<ref name="web0">{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Shantunu |title=Suman Ghosh on making a documentary on Aparna Sen: 'We have a habit of celebrating people posthumously' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/suman-ghosh-on-making-a-documentary-on-aparna-sen-we-have-a-habit-of-celebrating-people-posthumously-101735886808609.html |date=2025-01-04 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=2025-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208121738/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/suman-ghosh-on-making-a-documentary-on-aparna-sen-we-have-a-habit-of-celebrating-people-posthumously-101735886808609.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It includes interviews with collaborators and archival footage from her films, highlighting her role as editor of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] magazine ''[[Sananda (magazine)|Sananda]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |title=Aparna Sen-Suman Ghosh Rotterdam 'Parama' Links to Satyajit Ray |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/aparna-sen-suman-ghosh-rotterdam-parama-satyajit-ray-1235885660/ |date=2024-01-29 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=2025-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109020120/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/aparna-sen-suman-ghosh-rotterdam-parama-satyajit-ray-1235885660/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Aparna Sen]]
*[[Konkona Sen]]
*[[Shabana Azmi]]
*[[Rahul Bose]]
*[[Anjan Dutt]]
*[[Goutam Ghose]]<ref name="web0"/>

==Production==
[[Suman Ghosh]], a [[National Film Awards|National Award]]-winning filmmaker, began the project in 2022 after interviewing Sen in [[Santiniketan]], focusing on her career as a director, actor, and journalist.<ref name="web0"/> Structured as a “road movie,” it explores themes like [[feminism]] in ''[[Parama (film)|Parama]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |title=Suman Ghosh's documentary is a fitting salute to Aparna Sen |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/suman-ghoshs-documentary-is-a-fitting-salute-to-aparna-sen/cid/2076945 |date=2025-01-11 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Telegraph India]]}}</ref> Archival footage for ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]'' was sourced through negotiations with the [[National Film Development Corporation of India|National Film Development Corporation]] (NFDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterji |first=Shoma |title=Suman Ghosh's Aparna Sen Docu is a Complete Film With Beautiful Background Score |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-suman-ghosh-documentary |date=2024-02-18 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[The Quint]] |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223221126/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-suman-ghosh-documentary |url-status=live }}</ref> Shot by Soumik Haldar, edited by Sankha, and scored by [[Debojyoti Mishra]], the film faced distribution challenges but gained screenings due to Sen’s prominence.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |title=Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen Documentary, Just Screened at Rotterdam, Traces Her Career Graph |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-documentary-just-screened-at-rotterdam-traces-her-career-graph-8762116.html |date=2024-02-03 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

==Reception==
The documentary was praised for its portrayal of [[Aparna Sen]]. [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called it “a lively portrait of an artiste,” noting its use of location revisits in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen review: A lively portrait of an artiste |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-review-a-lively-portrait-of-an-artiste-9758306/ |date=2025-01-04 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123184319/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-review-a-lively-portrait-of-an-artiste-9758306/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave it 3.5 out of 5 stars, calling it “essential viewing” for its balanced narrative.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |title=Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen Review: Overdue documentary should be essential viewing, 3.5 stars |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-review-overdue-documentary-should-be-essential-viewing-3-5-stars-4979546 |date=2024-01-27 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]'' lauded its exploration of Sen’s personal complexities, questioning her reliance on male companionship.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |title=Review of Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen, a documentary on Aparna Sen |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/review-of-parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-a-documentary-on-aparna-sen-dgtl/cid/1572293 |date=2024-01-27 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=Bengali}}</ref> Subhash K Jha of ''[[Times Now]]'' described it as a “fascinating voyage” through Sen’s life and films, praising its intimate storytelling.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |title=Parama: A Journey With Aparna Sen Takes Us Through Her Life And Films |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-takes-us-through-her-life-and-films-article-117024644 |date=2025-01-05 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Times Now]] |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120134030/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/parama-a-journey-with-aparna-sen-takes-us-through-her-life-and-films-article-117024644 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Distribution and Exhibition==
Screened at festivals in [[Houston]], [[New York City|New York]], [[Vienna]], [[Stuttgart]], [[London]], and [[Kolkata]], the film ran at [[PVR Cinemas|PVR Inox]], a rarity for documentaries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Priyanka |title=Aparna Sen documentary 'Parama' receives rave reviews at KIFF |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/aparna-sen-documentary-parama-receives-rave-reviews-at-kiff/articleshow/116052011.cms |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Times of India]] |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211203623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/aparna-sen-documentary-parama-receives-rave-reviews-at-kiff/articleshow/116052011.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Ghosh planned an OTT release after the festival circuit.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title=Aparna Sen's decades-long journey as a director is focus of documentary Parama |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1062784/aparna-sens-decades-long-journey-as-a-director-is-focus-of-documentary-parama |date=2024-02-03 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |archive-date=2025-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404164850/https://scroll.in/reel/1062784/aparna-sens-decades-long-journey-as-a-director-is-focus-of-documentary-parama |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|31416811|Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen}}

[[Category:2024 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Indian documentary films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Suman Ghosh]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 documentary films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]

Jamindaarru

2026-03-03T21:42:42Z

TessaLovins0: done.

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jamindaarru
| image = Jamindarru.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[S. Narayan]]
| writer = S. Narayan
| producer = [[K. Manju]]
| starring = [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]] [[Hema Choudhary]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]] Sax Raju (background score)
| cinematography = Mathew
| editing = P. R. Soundar Raj
| studio = Lakshmishree Combines
| released = {{film date|df=y|2002|4|3}}
| runtime = 160 min
| language = Kannada
| country = India
}}

'''''Jamindaarru''''' ({{translation|[[Zamindar]]}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[S. Narayan]] and starring [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] in dual roles, [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] and [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]]. The film is produced by [[K. Manju]] under Lakshmishree Combines. The film, upon release, met with positive reviews. The music was scored by [[M. M. Keeravani]] and Sax Raju.

==Plot==
The Landlord of a village has 2 sons from 2 different wives. One of the wives demands that she and her son get the status of heir but the landlord denies. That wife kills herself and her son keeps this incident in mind and lives away from father and his brother with bitterness and vengeance. The Film revolves around how two brothers and their respective family menuvar the enimity and circumstances and who gets to become the heir.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] as
** Bettappa, elder brother
** Biligiri, younger brother
*[[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] as Ganga
*[[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]]
*[[Anu Prabhakar]] as Anusuya
*[[Srinivasa Murthy]] as Bettappa and Biligiri's father
*[[Hema Choudhary]] as Biligiri's Aunty
*[[Shivaram]] as Gangs's father
*[[Sundar Raj]] as Bettappa's maternal uncle
*[[Doddanna]] as Bettappa's aide
*[[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] as Bellary Naga
*Ashalatha as Bettappa's mother (Special Appearance)
*[[Shobaraj]]
}}

==Production==
The film began with a song recording held at Kanteerava Studios.<ref>{{cite web|last=CNB|website=Chitraloka|access-date=3 October 2024|url=http://chitraloka.com/english/action_cut/jamandheera.html|title=KOTIGOBBA TURNS JAMINDARRU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011220123057fw_/http://chitraloka.com/english/action_cut/jamandheera.html|archive-date=20 December 2001|date=3 August 2001}}</ref> Producer K. Manju claimed that ''Jamindarru'' was his costliest film at the time of release. The scenes were shot in a home situated at Dr. Ramanaidu Village on Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/12-interviews/3406-jamindarru-my-costly-film-k-manju.html |title=Jamindarru My Costly Film - K Manju|work=Chitraloka|access-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021003201357/http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/encounter/manju_jamendara.html|archive-date=3 October 2002}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
All the songs are composed and scored by [[M. M. Keeravani]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jamindaarru/mIroBigbjQI_|title=Jamindaarru|work=JioSaavn|access-date=5 December 2023|archive-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205132115/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jamindaarru/mIroBigbjQI_|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
! Sl No !! Song title !! Singer(s) || Lyricist
|-
| 1 || "Bettappa Bettappa" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || [[S. Narayan]]
|-
| 2 || "Huduga Huduga" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]], [[M. M. Keeravani]] || S. Narayan
|-
| 3 || "Kande Na Kande" || K. S. Chithra || S. Narayan
|-
| 4 || "Ganga Ganga" || [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Manjula Gururaj]] || S. Narayan
|-
| 5 || "Bettadantha Manasu" || M. M. Keeravani || S. Narayan
|-
| 6 || "Hetthavalu Yaramma" || M. M. Keeravani || S. Narayan
|-
| 7 || "Veena" || K. S. Chithra || S. Narayan
|-
|}

==Release and reception==
The film was released on 3 April 2002 across [[Karnataka]] state cinema halls. The film was met with positive response at the box office and was one of the highest grossing Kannada film of the year.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.vishnuvardhan.com/home.htm | title=Karnataka Suputra Vishnuvardan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228201126/http://www.vishnuvardhan.com/home.htm | archive-date=28 February 2014 }}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' wrote that "‘''Jamindarru''’ is not a dry [[Jamun|Jamoon]]. It is a spicily prepared sumptuous lunch for the whole family. Don't miss this power packed, sentiment mixed and well acted film".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/how_is_it/jamendra.html |title='JAMINDARRU' – MIXED FRUIT JAM|access-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021220201412/http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/how_is_it/jamendra.html|archive-date=20 December 2002|date=5 April 2002|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]}}</ref> A critic from ''Vishnuvardhan.com'' praised the acting, dialogues, cinematography, songs and graphics while criticising the background score and direction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vishnuvardhan.com/jamin.htm|title=Bettappa Superappa|website=vishnuvardhan.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040816205608/http://www.vishnuvardhan.com/jamin.htm|archive-date=16 August 2004|access-date=5 October 2004}}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote "The whole story is well held up by the dialogues except for Doddanna and M. M. Chandru's poor jokes. Songs are not memorable. Mathews photography has gobbled up either Vishnu's forehead or his arms. The major plus point in this movie is that S. Narayan is not acting in it. All said and done a watchable movie".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/jamindaru.html|title=Jamindaru|website=Indiainfo|access-date=29 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021214113423/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/jamindaru.html|archive-date=14 December 2002}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{S. Narayan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamindarru}}
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2002 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:2002 action drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Narayan]]

{{2000s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Kashmera Shah

2026-02-23T12:56:02Z

TessaLovins0: fixed intro after review and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian–American actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kashmera Shah
| image = Kashmira shah colors indian telly awards.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Shah in 2012
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|12|02|df=y}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/bollywood/article/kashmira-shah-chilling-in-goa-and-flaunting-bikini-on-birthday-see-pics/270640|title=Kashmira shah Birthday: जन्‍मदिन पर गोविंदा की 'बहू' कश्‍मीरा ने दिखाया हॉट अंदाज, फैंस बोले- 'क्‍या बात है'|date=18 January 2015|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bombay, Maharashtra]], India
| citizenship = United States
| yearsactive = 1994–present
| children = 2<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/comedian-krushna-abhishek-and-actress-kashmera-shah-are-now-parents-of-twins-lifetv-1021559-2017-06-30|title=Comedian Krushna Abhishek and wife Kashmera Shah are now parents to twins|date=18 January 2015|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603222740/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/television/top-stories/story/comedian-krushna-abhishek-and-actress-kashmera-shah-are-now-parents-of-twins-lifetv-1021559-2017-06-30|url-status=live}}</ref>
| family = See [[List of Hindi film clans#Govinda family|Govinda family]]<ref>[http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/oct/241013-govinda-wants-to-see-his-niece-ragini-khannas-punjabi-film.htm Govinda wants to see his niece Ragini Khanna's Punjabi film]. Mid-day.com (24 October 2013). Retrieved on 14 September 2018.</ref>
| spouse = {{marriage|Brad Listermann<ref name="Times">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-de-stress-myself-by-having-sex-Kashmera-Shah/articleshow/12392364.cms|author=Neha Maheshwri|agency=TNN|title=I de-stress myself by having sex: Kashmera Shah|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 March 2012|access-date=14 July 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917065639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-de-stress-myself-by-having-sex-Kashmera-Shah/articleshow/12392364.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>|2001|2007|end=divorce}} {{marriage|[[Krushna Abhishek]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kashmera-Krushna-secretly-got-married-in-July-2013/articleshow/45922557.cms|author=Neha Maheshwri|title=Kashmera, Krushna secretly got married in July 2013|agency=TNN|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 January 2015|access-date=14 July 2018|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911033459/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kashmera-Krushna-secretly-got-married-in-July-2013/articleshow/45922557.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Times"/>|2012}}
}}

'''Kashmera Shah''' (born 2 December 1970) is an Indian-American actress known for her work in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] and [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] films. She was also a contestant on the reality shows ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 1)|Bigg Boss 1]]'', ''[[Nach Baliye 3]]'' and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4]]''.

== Personal life ==
Shah was born in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] to a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] Family. She holds [[United States|US]] citizenship and maintains residence in Mumbai and [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-29 |title=Exclusive! Kashmera Shah: In these 15 years, there’s never been a dull moment with Krushna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-kashmera-shah-in-these-15-years-theres-never-been-a-dull-moment-with-krushna/articleshow/84825293.cms |access-date=2025-09-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Shah married [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] producer Brad Listermann in 2001 but got divorced in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-21 |title=कौन हैं कश्मीरा शाह का Ex हस्बैंड? 5 साल में हुआ तलाक, कृष्णा संग की सीक्रेट वेडिंग, मां बनने के लिए खूब बेले पापड़ |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/bollywood-kashmera-shah-first-husband-brad-listermann-divorce-after-5-years-of-marriage-did-secret-wedding-krushna-abhishek-unknown-story-8974082.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

She met [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]'s nephew [[Krushna Abhishek]] at the sets of movie ''[[Aur Pappu Paas Ho Gaya]]'' and started dating eventually, and they got married in 2013. They eloped in [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2020 |title=Govinda calls Krushna Abhishek's comments 'thoughtless': 'Washing dirty linen in public is a sign of insecurity' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/govinda-calls-krushna-abhishek-s-comments-thoughtless-washing-dirty-linen-in-public-is-a-sign-of-insecurity/story-0gH72PjcuPdlCdgcj4T1pJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202184811/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/govinda-calls-krushna-abhishek-s-comments-thoughtless-washing-dirty-linen-in-public-is-a-sign-of-insecurity/story-0gH72PjcuPdlCdgcj4T1pJ.html |archive-date=2 December 2022 |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> They have 2 twin sons born in 2017 via [[surrogacy]], Rayaan and Krishaang.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-19 |title=Kashmera Shah: I want to experience a pregnancy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/kashmera-shah-on-opting-for-surrogacy-i-think-my-kids-didn-t-want-me-to-go-through-the-trouble-of-nine-months/story-3EsK4bEH6Rwdx4szYYlk4I.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
In 2011, the French globetrotter [[Antoine de Maximy]] conducted an interview with Shah for his documentary, ''I will sleep in Bollywood''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-30 |title=“J’irai dormir à Bollywood” : un carnaval de rencontres émouvantes et burlesques |url=https://www.telerama.fr/television/j-irai-dormir-a-bollywood-d-antoine-de-maximy-notre-critique_cri-7033807.php |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.telerama.fr |language=fr}}</ref>

In 2024, Shah and her husband [[Krushna Abhishek]] were cast together in the Hindi reality show ''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment|Laughter Chefs]]'' hosted by [[Bharti Singh]] and [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-11 |title=Krushna Abhishek on doing Laughter Chefs: Kashmera and I wanted to work together, and it's been quite a while since we've worked together on television |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/krushna-abhishek-on-doing-laughter-chefs-kashmera-and-i-wanted-to-work-together-and-its-been-quite-a-while-since-weve-worked-together-on-television/articleshow/110906677.cms |access-date=2024-10-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
[[File:Krishna Abhishek and Kashmira Shah at the trailer launch of Govinda’s forthcoming movie ‘Aagaya Hero’.jpg|thumb|Shah with husband [[Krushna Abhishek]] at the trailer launch of [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]’s movie ‘[[Aa Gaya Hero]]’]]

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Title !! Role
!Language!! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996||''[[Intlo Illalu Vantintlo Priyuralu]]''||Dancer
| rowspan="2" |Telugu||Special appearance in the song "Pappa Ro Paap"
|-
|''[[Ramudochadu]]''||Dancer||Special appearance
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997||''[[Yes Boss (film)|Yes Boss]]''||Sheela Chaudhary
| rowspan="14" | ||
|-
|''Koi Kisi Se Kam Nahin''|| ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998||''[[Saazish (1998 film)|Saazish]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Pyar To Hona Hi Tha]]''||Nisha||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999||''[[Dulhan Banoo Main Teri|Dulhan Banoo Mein Teri]]''||Dolly S. Thakur||
|-
|''[[Hindustan Ki Kasam (1999 film)|Hindustan Ki Kasam]]''||Nisha Jaitly||
|-
|''[[Vaastav: The Reality]]''||Dancer||Special appearance in the song "Jawani Se Jung Ye Choli Meri Ab Tang"
|-
| rowspan="6" |2000||''[[Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]''||Lovely||
|-
|''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]''||Kabira's sidekick||
|-
|''[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]''||Bali||
|-
|''[[Dil Pe Mat Le Yaar]]''||Dancer||
|-
|''[[Kurukshetra (2000 film)|Kurukshetra]]''|| ||Special appearance in the song "Banthan"
|-
|''[[Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye (2000 film)|Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye]]''||Neelu||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2001||''[[Aashiq (2001 film)|Aashiq]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Ravanaprabhu]]''||Dancer
|Malayalam ||Special appearance in the song "Thakilu Pukilu"
|-
|''Zahreela''||Nisha
| rowspan="11" |Hindi||
|-
|2002||''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Ankhen]]''||Dancer||Special appearance in the song "Chalka Chalka"
|-
| 2003||''[[Janasheen]]''||Tina||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004||''[[Murder (2004 film)|Murder]]''||Lounge Singer||Special appearance in the song "Dil Ko Hazar Baar Roka"
|-
|''Ishq Qayamat''||Shweta||
|-
|2005||''[[Revati (film)|Revati]]''||Revati||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2006||''[[My Bollywood Bride]]''||Reena Khanna||
|-
|''[[Holiday (2006 Indian film)|Holiday]]''||Alisha||
|-
|''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]''||Kabira's sidekick||Archival footage
|-
|2007||''[[Aur Pappu Pass Ho Gaya]]''||Kiran Chauhan||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008||''[[Chasing Happiness (film)|Chasing Happiness]]''||Kareena||
|-
|''Naag Naagin''||
|Bhojpuri ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009||''[[Wake Up Sid]]''||Sonia
| rowspan="3" |Hindi||
|-
|''[[World Cupp 2011]]''||Dancer||Special appearance
|-
|2010||''[[City of Gold (2010 film)|City of Gold]]''||Mami||
|-
|| 2010 || ''[[Agam Puram]]'' ||
|Tamil || Special appearance in the song "Oru Mani Rendu Mani"
|-
|2011||''J'irai Dormir A Bollywood''||Herself
|French ||Documentary film
|-
|2011||''9 Eleven''||
|Hindi||
|-
|2012||''Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha''||
|Marathi||
|-
|2013||''Kyun Hua Achanak''||
|Hindi||
|-
|2015|||''[[Aawhan]]'' || Malinga
| rowspan="3" |Marathi||
|-
|2017||''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited]]'' || ||
|-
|2018||''Shikari'' ||Mrs. Gulaabrao Phoolsundar ||
|-
|2019||''[[Marne Bhi Do Yaaron]]''|| Anita
|Hindi|| Director; Producer
|-
|2022
|''[[Nay Varanbhat Loncha Kon Nay Koncha]]''
|Supriya
|Marathi
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1994 || ''Hello Bollywood'' || Mona Darling ||
|-
|1996
|''[[Aarohan]]''
|Lata
|Episode 11
|-
| 1997 || ''Private Detective: Two Plus Two Plus One'' || Amrita ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 1)|Bigg Boss 1]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-a-look-back-to-fights-that-became-highlights-of-the-show-1533295.html|title=Bigg Boss: A Look Back to Fights That Became Highlights of the Show|date=1 October 2007|access-date=31 March 2019|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331200251/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-a-look-back-to-fights-that-became-highlights-of-the-show-1533295.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || rowspan="6" | Contestant || 12th place
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 3|Nach Baliye 3]]'' || 2nd runner-up
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Kabhi Kabhii Pyaar Kabhi Kabhii Yaar]]'' || Winner
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Iss Jungle Se Mujhe Bachao]]'' || Quit
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010 || ''[[Dil Jeetegi Desi Girl]]'' || 1st runner-up
|-
| ''Meethi Choori No.1'' ||
|-
| ''[[Baat Hamari Pakki Hai]]'' || Herself ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011 || ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi#Season 4|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4]]'' || rowspan="2" |Contestant || 10th place
|-
| ''Love Lockup 1'' ||
|-
|''[[Steal Ur Girlfriend|Steal Ur Girlfriend 1]]'' || rowspan="2" | Host ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Steal Ur Girlfriend|Steal Ur Girlfriend 2]]''||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[SuperCops Vs Super Villains|Hum Ne Li Hai... Shapath]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-03-05 |title=Murli Sharma & Kashmera Shah in Shapath |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/murli-sharma-kashmera-shah-in-shapath/articleshow/18810820.cms |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>|| Chief Bureau Officer Maya ||
|-
|2014
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss 8]]''
| Herself
| Guest
|-
| 2015–16 || ''[[Siya Ke Ram]]'' || [[Tataka]] ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Fourplay]]'' || Herself || Web series
|-
|2020
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''
| Herself
| Guest
|-
|2020
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss 14]]''
|Contestant/Challenger
|14th place
|-
|2022
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]''
| rowspan="2" |Herself
| rowspan="2" |Guest
|-
|2023
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]''
|-
|2024–2026
|''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment]]''
|Contestant
|Season 1–3
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

*{{IMDb name|0787447}}

{{Bigg Boss 1}}
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
{{Nach Baliye}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Kashmera}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Reality dancing competition winners]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]

Army Public School, Hisar

2026-02-23T09:24:29Z

TessaLovins0:

{{Short description|Public school in Haryana, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Army Public School
| image =
| motto = Truth is God
| location = [[Hisar Military Station]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]-125006 India
| schooltype = [[State school|Public school]]
| religious_affiliation =
| sister_school =
| colours = Red, yellow, green, blue
| mascot = Goddess Sarasvati
| founded = 14 September 1990
| lower_age = 5
| upper_age = 18
| houses = Mother Teresa, Gandhi, Sarojini, Tagore.
| campus =
| affiliation = [[Central Board for Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| publication =
| free_label = Former pupils
| free_text =
| enrollment = 2367
| principal = Dr Kavita Jakhar
| faculty = 122
| website = {{URL|www.apshisar.com}}
}}

'''Army Public School''' is an [[English medium]], co-educational day school situated at [[Hisar Military Station]] in Hisar in the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. The school principal is [[Kavita Jakhar]], serving since 2008.

== Notable alumni ==
* [[Ravi Kumar Punia]] – Football player

==History==
The school was established as [[Indian Army Public Schools|Army school]] on 14 September 1990 with 250 pupils in six classes from I to VI. The school was then upgraded to Senior Secondary School, consisting of [[science]] and [[commerce]] streams from the academic session 1994–95. It was rechristened as Army Public School in 2008. The school is affiliated to the [[Central Board for Secondary Education|CBSE]] board and has 2367 pupils distributed in 63 sections and 122 staff.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.apshisar.com/overview.php |title=Official Website of Army Public School, Military Station Hisar, Haryana |access-date=6 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708112804/http://www.apshisar.com/overview.php |archive-date=8 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Currently the school is divided in two wings:

*Junior Wing (Classes I to V)
*Senior Wing (Classes VI to XII)

==Houses==
The students in the school are divided into four houses:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Houses
|-
| style="background:red;"|Red
| Mother Teresa
|-
| style="background:yellow;"|Yellow
| Gandhi
|-
| style="background:green;"|Green
| Sarojini
|-
| style="background:blue;"|Blue
| Tagore
|}

==Facilities==

===Audio - visual rooms===
School has got the facility of [[Very-small-aperture terminal|VSAT]] for live interactive telecast of lectures on [[science|science(physics, chemistry and biology)]], [[maths]], and languages for classes IX-XII. It has 07 '''Audio Visual''' '''Classrooms (AV Rooms)''' for [[Computer aided learning|E-learning]], installed with multi-media projectors and PCs connected with server on [[Local area network|LAN]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.apshisar.com/audio-visual.php |title=Official Website of Army Public School, Military Station Hisar, Haryana |access-date=6 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708111456/http://www.apshisar.com/audio-visual.php |archive-date=8 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Sports and extra-curricular activities ===
Games & sports have been made an integral part of school curriculum. In collaboration with [[Indian Army]], the school has facilities for students and staff consisting of playgrounds for various sports and games. School has an [[obstacle course]] field consisting of ten [[commando]] obstacles in an organised manner for [[psychomotor learning]] of children.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.apshisar.com/obstacle-course.php |title=Official Website of Army Public School, Military Station Hisar, Haryana |access-date=6 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202064925/http://apshisar.com/obstacle-course.php |archive-date=2 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The school has a spacious [[auditorium]], a [[library]], three [[basketball court]]s, a [[Association football|football field]], a [[Volleyball|volleyball court]], a [[cricket pitch]] and [[table tennis]] facilities.

Inter-house competitions are organized for students and they represent school in various [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] cluster, district, zonal, state and national tournaments. Players like [[Ravi Kumar Punia]] has been selected at the national level . Apart from sports, there are regular competitions amongst students in a variety of disciplines such as debating, quizzing, elocution, dramatics, dance, music, home science, arts and fine arts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.apshisar.com/sports-games.php |title=Official Website of Army Public School, Military Station Hisar, Haryana |access-date=6 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708113042/http://www.apshisar.com/sports-games.php |archive-date=8 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===School magazine===
The school releases a well-themed [[almanac]] every year named '''''Arushi.'''''

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Education}}
* [[List of schools in Hisar]]
* [[List of universities and colleges in Hisar]]
* [[List of institutions of higher education in Haryana]]
* School song- "Hamari Jaan Hai, Hamari Shaan Hai, Hamara Maan Hai- Army Public School" <ref>{{Cite web|title=AWES Song Lyrics|url=http://www.apsfazilka.ac.in/awes-song-lyrics.html|access-date=2022-02-07|website=www.apsfazilka.ac.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian Army Public Schools]]
[[Category:Schools in Hisar (city)]]

Pazhassi Dam

2026-02-12T10:09:10Z

TessaLovins0:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Pazhassi Dam Kuyilur Barrage
| name_official =
| image = Pazhassi Dam.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| location_map = India#India Kerala
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|11|58|42|N|75|36|43|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country =
| location = [[Kannur District]], [[Kerala]], India
| purpose = Irrigation and drinking water supply
| status = O
| construction_began =
| opening = 1979
| demolished =
| cost =
| owner =
| dam_type =
| dam_height = {{Convert|18.99|m}}
| dam_height_thalweg =
| dam_height_foundation=
| dam_length = {{Convert|245|m}}
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_width_base =
| dam_volume =
| dam_elevation_crest =
| dam_crosses =
| spillway_count = 16
| spillway_type = Radial gates
| spillway_capacity = {{Convert|3510|m3}} per second
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = {{Convert|97500000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_capacity_active = {{Convert|97500000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}
| res_capacity_inactive=
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{Convert|6.5|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}
| res_elevation = {{Convert|26.52| m}}
| res_max_depth =
| res_max_length =
| res_max_width =
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_operator =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type =
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| website =
| extra =
}}

The '''Pazhassi Dam''' also called '''Kuyilur Barrage''' is a stone masonry diversion structure in [[Kannur district]], [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-18 |title=Kuyiloor barrage in urgent need of repair |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kuyiloor-barrage-in-urgent-need-of-repair/article2465155.ece |access-date=2026-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is named after king [[Pazhassi Raja]], a patriot who died a heroic death in the war. The dam is constructed across the west flowing [[Bavali river]] near Veliyambra. It was commissioned by Prime Minister [[Morarji Desai]] in 1979. It mainly functions as an irrigation dam, serving a command area of {{Convert|11525|ha}} in [[Iritty]] taluk of the [[Kannur]] District. The water from this dam also meets the drinking water requirement of Kannur district. The dam site and the reservoir are known for their scenery.<ref name=Central>{{Cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Pazhassi_Irrigation_Project_JI02676|title=Pazhassi Irrigation Project JI02676|publisher=Central Water Commission|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928024323/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Pazhassi_Irrigation_Project_JI02676|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref><ref name=Kulur>{{Cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412224745/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Chorkhamara_D01008|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2013|title=Pazhassi (Kulur Barrage) B00479|publisher=Central Water Commission}}</ref><ref name=water>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf|title=National Register of Large Dams|publisher=Central Water Commission|access-date=11 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219204531/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Place>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Pazhassi-project-gets-a-rusting-place/2013/05/09/article1581333.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511052835/http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Pazhassi-project-gets-a-rusting-place/2013/05/09/article1581333.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2013|title=Pazhassi project gets a rusting place|access-date=27 May 2015|newspaper=New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Topography==
The dam is built at Kuyiloor across the Bavali River, in the basin of the West flowing rivers from Tadri to Kanyakumari. It rises in the [[Coorg]] (in [[Karnataka]]) at {{Convert|2500| ft}} and drains a catchment area of {{Convert|1028|km2}}. The mean annual rainfall in the catchment is {{Convert|3622| mm}}. The nearest towns to the dam site are [[Mattanur]] and [[Iritty]].<ref name=Central/><ref name=Kulur/>

==Features==
[[File:Pazhassi Dam - Dam, garden and reservoir22.jpg|thumb|left|Pazhassi Dam and its 16 gates in operation]]
The diversion dam or barrage, built with stone masonry to function as a major irrigation project, is {{Convert|18.99|m}} in height and has a length of {{Convert|245|m}}. At the Full Reservoir Level of {{Convert|26.52| m}}, with a water spread area of {{Convert|650|ha}}, the dam has a gross storage capacity of {{Convert|97500000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}. The spillway designed to rout a design flood discharge of {{Convert|3510|m3}} per second is fitted with 16 radial gates over a length of {{Convert|138|m}}.<ref name=Central/><ref name=Kulur/><ref name=water/>

While the dam was completed in 1978, its irrigation component was completed in 1979. The water stored in the reservoir is diverted for irrigation through a control structure on the left bank of the barrage to the main canal of {{Convert|46.26|km}} length, designed to carry a discharge of {{Convert|20|m3}} per second. The gross command area under the canal system is {{Convert|23650| ha}} with a net command area of {{Convert|11525|ha}} (as against the earlier planned figure of {{Convert|16110|ha}}) to mainly raise three crops of [[Rice|paddy]] every year in the [[Iritty]] and [[Taliparamba|Taliparamba taluks]] of Kannur district; other crops grown in the command are coconut, arecanut, cashew nut, tapioca, pepper, ginger, turmeric and vegetables. The network of canals includes six branch canals of {{Convert|76.35|km}} total length and 32 distributaries of {{Convert|136.4|km}} total length. The entire command is covered under the Command Area Development Programme (CADP) of the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India and is being monitored since 2003.<ref name=Central/><ref name=Kulur/>

==Failure of gates==
On 7 August 2012, some of the gates of the barrage failed to open, causing the flood waters to overflow the barrage for 20 hours.<ref name=safe/> There was no damage to life or the dam structure, but minor property and crop loss occurred. The gates were repaired at a cost of Rs 70 million.<ref name=safe>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pazhassi-dam-is-now-safe/article3742217.ece|title=Pazhassi dam is now safe|access-date=27 May 2015|date=8 August 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Pazhassi Dam Gardens==
<gallery>
File:Pazhassi Dam - Dam, garden and reservoir15.jpg
File:Pazhassi Dam - Dam, garden and reservoir18.jpg
File:Pazhassi Dam - Dam, garden and reservoir9.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of dams and reservoirs in India]]
*[[List of dams and reservoirs in Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Tourism in Kerala}}
{{Dams in Kerala}}

[[Category:Dams completed in 1979]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kannur district]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Dams in Kannur district]]

Mokksha

2026-02-10T12:45:58Z

TessaLovins0: Creating Initial Entry Basic Info

{{Short description|Indian actress and dancer}}
{{redirect|Pritha Sengupta|the Gujarati poet and writer|Priti Sengupta}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mokksha
| image = Mokksha_actress_2024.jpg
| caption = Mokksha in 2024
| birth_name = Pritha Sengupta<ref name="MM1"/>
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Barrackpore, [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|classical dancer|teacher}}
| years_active = 2019–present
| alma_mater =
}}
'''Pritha Sengupta''', professionally credited as '''Mokksha''', is an Indian film actress and [[Indian classical dance|classical dancer]], who started her career in [[Tollywood (Bengali cinema)|Bengali films]] and she also appeared in [[Tamil cinema]], [[Telugu cinema]] and [[Malayalam cinema]]. Her debut Bengali film lead role is ''Karma'' (2020); she made debuts in Tamil with ''Yevaal'' (2022), Telugu with ''[[Lucky Lakshman]]'' (2022) and Malayalam with ''[[Kallanum Bhagavathiyum]]'' (2023).

==Early life==
Mokksha was born as Pritha Sengupta<ref name="MM1"/> and hails from [[Barrackpore]], in the [[North 24 Parganas district]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref name="IT1"/> She studied at [[St. Claret School, Kolkata|St. Claret School]], [[Barrackpore]], and at the Douglas Memorial Higher Secondary School, Barrackpore.

Mokksha worked as a teacher at St. Augustine's Day School, Barrackpore, where she also taught dance.<ref name="MM1">{{cite news |last1=Antony |first1=Seena |title=വിഷ്ണു ഉണ്ണികൃഷ്ണനു മുന്നില്‍ പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ട 'ഭഗവതി'; മോക്ഷ അഭിമുഖം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2023/03/28/chat-with-heroine-mokksha.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[Manorama Online]]|date=28 March 2023 |language=ml}}</ref> She worked and studied in parallel. She completed her B.Sc. (Hons.) degree in [[Psychology]] at [[Asutosh College]], [[Kolkata]]. She is a [[Indian classical dance|classical dancer]] who is trained in [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kathak]], and [[Odissi]].<ref name="TOI1">{{cite news|last=I. S.|first=Gopika|date=28 March 2024|title=Malayalam feels like my native language now, says Mokksha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/malayalam-feels-like-my-native-language-now-says-mokksha/articleshow/108850687.cms|access-date=19 August 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Career==
She started her acting career in the Bengali film industry. In her early career, she appeared in films such as ''Filter Coffee Liquor Cha'' and ''[[Switzerland (2020 film)|Switzerland]]''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Local News Desk|title=Actress Mokksha Liked Unni Mukundan's Film Malikappuram So Much That She Saw It Twice|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/actress-mokksha-liked-unni-mukundans-film-malikappuram-so-much-that-she-saw-it-twice-7483369.html|access-date=1 October 2024|work=[[CNN-News18]]|date=6 April 2023}}</ref> She continued to play supporting roles until she grabbed the lead role in the Bengali film ''Karma'' (2020). It was followed by another leading role in the Bengali film ''Shorshephool''.<ref name="TOI1"/> In 2022, she played the female lead role in the psychological thriller ''Yevaal'', a Tamil film based on witchcraft.<ref>{{cite news|last=Balachandran|first=Logesh|title=Mahesh's comeback film is based on witchcraft|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/maheshs-comeback-film-is-based-on-witchcraft/articleshow/89140944.cms|access-date=1 October 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 January 2022}}</ref> In the same year, she starred in the Telugu drama ''[[Lucky Lakshman]]''. Critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Mokksha, as Shreya, did well portraying the quintessential lover".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucky Lakshman Movie Review : Sohel takes centre stage in a tale oscillating between love and ambition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/lucky-lakshman/movie-review/96619379.cms |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In the 2023 Telugu romantic drama ''[[Neethone Nenu]]'', she played Seetha, one of the two female leads. A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' noted that "Mokksha leaves a positive impression with her performance".<ref>{{cite news |title='Neethone Nenu' movie review: Says the importance of education |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/neethone-nenu-movie-review-says-the-importance-of-education-79882 |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=13 October 2023}}</ref> Mokksha auditioned and was selected for her debut Malayalam film, ''[[Kallanum Bhagavathiyum]]'' (2023), directed by [[East Coast Vijayan]], in which she played the title role of [[Bhagavathy]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shekhar |first1=Nandu |title=ഷൂട്ടിങ്ങിനിടെ വിചിത്രാനുഭവങ്ങളുണ്ടായി,അന്വേഷിച്ചപ്പോൾ മറ്റുചിലർക്കും അങ്ങനെ തോന്നിയെന്നറിഞ്ഞു-മോക്ഷ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/chinthini-and-kallanum-bhagavathiyum-actress-moksha-interview-1.9933630 |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Onmanorama staff |title=Many popular actors refused to play role of goddess in 'Kallanum Bhagavathiyum': Director |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/04/07/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-fantasy-movie-east-coast-vijayan-actress-moksha.html |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=7 April 2023}}</ref> In their review, ''[[OnManorama]]'' praised her for "a spectacular performance as the titular character".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sreelekha |first1=R. B. |title=Movie review: 'Kallanum Bhagavathiyum' merges fantasy and humour in right doses |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/04/02/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-fantasy-movie-review-vishnu-unnikrishnan.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=2 April 2023}}</ref>

In 2024, she played the female lead role in the Telugu romantic thriller ''[[I Hate You (film)|I Hate You]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-01 |title=I Hate You Trailer Out: The Telugu Film Promises A Gripping Thriller With Riveting Twists |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/i-hate-you-trailer-out-the-telugu-film-promises-a-gripping-thriller-with-riveting-twists-8762337.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=News18}}</ref> She also played the female lead role in her second Telugu film, the romantic drama ''[[Alanaati Ramchandrudu]]'' (2024), directed by Chilukuri Akash Reddy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mohammad |first1=Avad |title=Mokksha on Alnaati Ramachandurudu: It was a daunting task to evoke the pain in my character |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/mokksha-on-alnaati-ramachandurudu-it-was-a-daunting-task-to-evoke-the-pain-in-my-character/405c588261855 |publisher=[[OTT Play]] |access-date=30 September 2024 |date=30 July 2024}}</ref> She collaborated with East Coast Vijayan again in the horror film ''Chithini'' (2024).<ref>{{cite news |author1=Local News Desk |title=Kallanum Bhagavathiyum Star Mokksha Returns To Malayalam Cinema With Chithini |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kallanum-bhagavathiyum-star-mokksha-returns-to-malayalam-cinema-with-chithini-8718178.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[CNN-News18]] |date=26 December 2023}}</ref> She played the title role of a malevolent spirit.<ref>{{cite news |author1=TOI Entertainment Desk |title='Chithini' teaser 2 unveiled: Mokksha starrer promises bone-chilling horror |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/chithini-teaser-2-unveiled-mokksha-starrer-promises-bone-chilling-horror/articleshow/111204685.cms |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=East Coast Vijayan's 'Chithini' to hit theatres on September 27 |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/24/east-coast-vijayan-chithini-release-date-amit-chakkalackal-vinay-forrt.html |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mokksha was born to her parents, Partha Sengupta and Rina.<ref>{{cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DBJOqreM2rQ/?hl=en |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> She is a [[Hindu]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Web Team|title=വലിയ പനയന്നാർകാവ് ദേവീ ക്ഷേത്രത്തിൽ ദർശനം നടത്തി നടി മോക്ഷ; 'ചിത്തിനി' ഈ മാസം തിയറ്ററുകളില്‍|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actress-mokksha-visited-parumala-valiya-panayannarkavu-devi-temple-sjqosk|date=13 September 2024|access-date=20 September 2024|work=[[Asianet News]]|language=ml}}</ref> In August 2024, she performed a [[street dance]] to a song by poet [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] at [[Santoshpur, Kolkata]], to express solidarity for the protest against the [[2024 Kolkata rape and murder]]. It went viral over the social media platforms.<ref name="IT1">{{cite news |last1=Saha |first1=Rajesh |title=Meet actor Mokksha whose street dance at Kolkata protest has gone viral |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/meet-actor-mokksha-whose-street-dance-at-kolkata-protest-has-gone-viral-2600864-2024-09-16 |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |date=16 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Varma |first1=Aishwarya |title=No, This Video Does Not Show a Doctor's Dance at a Protest Against RG Kar Case |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/mokksha-sengupta-misindentified-as-doctor-dancing-during-rg-kar-case-protest-fact-check |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[The Quint]] |date=20 September 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable" | Notes
!Ref.
|-
| 2019
| ''Filter Coffee Liquor Cha''
| Rai
| rowspan="4" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|Support role
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2020
| ''[[Switzerland (2020 film)|Switzerland]]''
|
|Support role
|
|-
| ''Karma'' || Sanjana Bose || Lead debut film
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=প্রেম-প্রতারণা-প্রতিশোধ সবই কি কর্মফল? প্রশ্ন তুলল সাহেব-পৃথার ‘কর্মা’ |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/here-the-review-of-shaheb-bhattacherjee-pritha-sengupta-starrer-addatimes-original-movie-karma/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''Shorshephool''
| Indrani
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| ''Yevaal''
|
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|Tamil debut film
|
|-
| ''[[Lucky Lakshman]]''
| Shreya
| rowspan="2" | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Telugu debut film
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023
| ''[[Neethone Nenu]]''
| Seetha
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kallanum Bhagavathiyum]]''
| Lord Durga
| [[Malayalam]]
|Malayalam debut film
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2024
| ''[[I Hate You (film)|I Hate You]]''
| Indhu
| rowspan="2" | Telugu
|
|
|-
| ''[[Alanaati Ramchandrudu]]''
| Dharani
|
|
|-
| ''Chithini''
| Seetha
| Malayalam
|
|
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Ramam Raghavam]]'' || Varsha || Telugu || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-01-29 |title=Samuthirakani's Ramam Raghavam gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/29/samuthirakanis-ramam-raghavam-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Note
|-
|2022
|''Rawkto Bilaap''
|Hoichoi web series<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rawkto Bilaap Season 1 Review : A horror tale that fails to deliver the shudders |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/bengali/rawkto-bilaap/season-1/seasonreview/89668888.cms |access-date=2024-12-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|11315295}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mokksha}}
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

List of mayors of Vijayawada

2026-02-08T17:18:17Z

TessaLovins0: Creating First Details Added Tags

{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]] of [[Vijayawada]]
| body =
| incumbent = [[Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi]]
| incumbentsince = 18 March 2021
| reports_to = [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]
| seat = [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| appointer = Councillors of [[Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|VMC]]
| termlength = Three years, renewable
| formation =
| inaugural =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website = https://vmc.ap.gov.in/welcome
| constituting_instrument = Municipal Corporation Act
}}

The '''Mayor of Vijayawada''' heads [[Vijayawada Municipal Corporation]] which governs Indian city of [[Vijayawada]]. Mayor of Vijayawada is the first citizen of the city. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> However the process of introduction for an elected president in the municipalities was made in Lord Mayo's Resolution of 1870. Since then the current form and structure of municipal bodies followed is similar to Lord Ripon's Resolution adopted in 1882 on local self-governance. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 was introduced to recognise Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) which included Municipal Corporations, Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils.<ref name="May vij5">{{cite news |title=Why Rahul Gandhi's promised 'mayoral reforms' are important for India's cities |url=https://citizenmatters.in/why-rahul-gandhis-mayoral-reforms-are-important-for-the-cities-of-india-10850 |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=Citizen Matters |date=3 April 2019}}</ref>

== Elections and tenure ==

Mayor of Vijayawada is elected by elected members of various wards of Municipal Corporation Vijayawada. The [[List of political parties in India|political partie's]] winning members in city's municipal council elections nominates one among each of them to contest for the post of Mayor of the Corporation.<ref name="vij may ref4">{{cite news |title=Meet Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi, the fifth woman mayor of Vijayawada Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2021/mar/19/rayana-bhagya-lakshmi-fifth-woman-mayor-of-vijayawadamunicipal-corporation-2278657.html |access-date=30 October 2021 |publisher=New Indian Express |date=19 March 2021}}</ref> [[Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi]] was elected as the 12th Mayor at the first council meeting held after declaration of municipal elections results for Vijayawada Municipal Corporation.<ref name="vij ref3">{{cite news |last1=Lanka |first1=Venu |title=Vijayawada mayor Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi assumes charge {{!}} Vijayawada News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/vijayawada-mayor-bhagya-lakshmi-assumes-charge/articleshow/81738960.cms |access-date=29 October 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=29 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="vij ref2">{{cite news |title=Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi elected as 12th Mayor of Vijayawada |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/rayana-bhagya-lakshmi-elected-as-12th-mayor-of-vijayawada/article34101886.ece |access-date=29 October 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=18 March 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref> She is the fifth woman mayor of the corporation.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Vijayawada Municipal Corporation has 64 wards and each ward is represented by a corporator.<ref name="vij may ref6">{{cite news |title=YSRCP's Rayana Bhagyalakshmi elected mayor of Vijayawada Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ysrcps-rayana-bhagyalakshmi-elected-mayor-of-vijayawada-municipal-corporation20210318172901/ |access-date=30 October 2021 |publisher=ANINews |date=18 March 2021}}</ref> Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi representing Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP), ruling political party of Andhra Pradesh won 49 corporators, opposition [[Telugu Desam Party]] won 14 Corporators and one each going to others.<ref name="vij may ref6" />

== Roles and Responsibilities ==

Role of the mayor.<ref name="Vij ref1">{{cite news |title=What does the Mumbai mayor do? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/what-does-the-mumbai-mayor-do/story-v0JOu7HbKoBKD7N2AHDiuJ.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Governs the local civic body.
* Fixed tenure varying in different towns.
* First citizen of city.
* Has two varied roles — Representation and upholding of the dignity of the city during ceremonial times and a presiding over discussions of the civic house with elected representatives in functional capacity.
* The Mayor's role is confined to the corporation hall of presiding authority at various meetings relating to corporation.
* The Mayor's role extends much beyond the local city and country as the presiding authority at corporation meetings during visits of a foreign dignitary to the city as he is invited by the state government to receive and represent the citizens to the guest of honour.
* At government, civic and other social functions he is given prominence.

== List of Mayors ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+
!rowspan=2 |Sno.
!rowspan=2 |Name
!colspan=3 |Tenure
!rowspan=2 colspan=2 |Political Party
!rowspan=2 |Election
!rowspan=2 |Ref.
|-
!Took office
!Left office
!Duration
|-
!colspan=9 |Vijayawada Municipal Corporation
|-
!1
|T. Venkateswara Rao
|1981
|1983
|2 years
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=4}}
|rowspan=4 |1
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-10-16 |title=Rich tributes paid to Venkateswara Rao |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/rich-tributes-paid-to-venkateswara-rao/article5239935.ece |access-date=2023-03-18 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
!2
|Ayta Ramulu
|1983
|1984
|1 year
|
|-
!3
|Lanka Govindarajulu
|1984
|1985
|1 year
|
|-
!4
|Ayta Ramulu
|1985
|1986
|1 year
|
|-
!5
|Jandhyala Shankar
|1987
|1992
|5 years
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2
|
|-
!6
|T. Venkateswara Rao
|1995
|2000
|5 years
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|3
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-13 |title=Left combine keen on repeating 1995 show |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/left-combine-keen-on-repeating-1995-show/article5779988.ece |access-date=2023-03-18 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
!7
|[[Panchumarthi Anuradha]]
|2000
|7 October 2005
|5 years
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-03-05 |title=Vijayawada: TDP declares Kesineni Swetha as mayoral candidate |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/vijayawada-tdp-declares-kesineni-swetha-as-mayoral-candidate-675278 |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-06-29 |title=CPM-CPI rift widens after VMC poll |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cpm-cpi-rift-widens-after-vmc-poll/articleshow/14404826.cms |access-date=2023-03-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
!8
|Tadi Shankuntala
|7 October 2005
|1 November 2006
|{{Ayd|7 October 2005|1 November 2006}}
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|rowspan=3 |5
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2023-02-24 |title=Former Vijayawada Mayor, several others quit YSRCP, join BRS |url=https://telanganatoday.com/former-vijayawada-mayor-several-others-quit-ysrcp-join-brs |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cong wins Vijayawada; sweeps civic polls |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/oct/03ap1.htm |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
!9
|Mallika Begum
|1 November 2006
|17 December 2008
|{{Ayd|1 November 2006|17 December 2008}}
|-
!10
|M. V. Ratnabindu
|17 December 2008
|2010
|2 years
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratna Bindu is Vijayawada Mayor |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2008/dec/17/ratna-bindu-is-vijayawada-mayor-11332.html |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
!11
|Koneru Sreedhar
|3 July 2014
|2 July 2019
|{{Ayd|3 July 2014|2 July 2019}}
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|6
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=K. Sridhar Elected As 11th Mayor of Vijayawada|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/k-sridhar-elected-as-11th-mayor-of-vijayawada/847913|access-date=2021-05-12|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-02 |title=VMC council bows out of office after chequered term |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/vmc-council-bows-out-of-office-after-chequered-term/articleshow/70031413.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
!12
|[[Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi]]
|18 March 2021
|''Incumbent''
|{{Ayd|18 March 2021}}
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|[[2021 Vijayawada Municipal Corporation election|7]]
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author= |date=2021-03-18|title=Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi elected as 12th Mayor of Vijayawada|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/rayana-bhagya-lakshmi-elected-as-12th-mayor-of-vijayawada/article34101886.ece|access-date=2021-05-12|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

=== List of Deputy Mayors===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Term start
!Term end
!Party
!Ref.
|-
|A.Prasanna
|2002
|2005
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|-
|K.B.Durga Prasad
|2005
|2007
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|S.Narsaraju
|2007
|2010
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|Gogula Venkata Rama Rao
|3 July 2014
|18 March 2021
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Bellam Durga
|18 March 2021
|''Present''
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|A. Sailaja Reddy
|5 August 2021
|''Present''
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|
|}

== See also ==

* [[Lists of Indian mayors]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.example.com www.example.com]


[[Category:Lists of mayors of places in India|Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Mayors of Vijayawada|*]]
[[Category:Lists of people from Andhra Pradesh]]

Dinshaw Billimoria

2026-02-07T18:50:43Z

TessaLovins0: Creating New Details W/ Refs...

{{Short description|Indian actor and film director (1904–1942)}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Dinshaw Billimoria
| image = D-billmoria.jpg
| birth_date = 1904
| death_date = {{death year and age|1942|1904}}
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[Film director|director]]
| other_names = D. Billimoria
}}
'''Dinshaw Billimoria''' (1904 in [[Kirkee]] – 1942) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actor]] and director.<ref>Whether the sound engineer [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1880527/ Dinshaw Billimoria], who was active from the 1950s to the 1970s and received a Filmfare Award in 1964 for his work on Bandini, is the same person, is not certain.</ref>

He has been referred to as the [[John Barrymore]] of Indian cinema.

== Life ==
Dinshaw Billimoria made his debut in 1925 in [[Narayanrao Damodar Sarpotdar|N. D. Sarpotdar's]] mythological-historical film ''Chhatrapati Sambhaji''. In 1927, he moved to the film company [[Imperial Films Company]] and partnered with [[Ruby Myers|Sulochana]] in [[Mohan Dayaram Bhavnani|Mohan Bhavnani']]s ''Wildcat of Bombay'' (1927) and [[Rama Shankar Choudhury|R. S. Choudhury']]s ''[[Anarkali (1928 film)|Anarkali]]'' (1928), which were his first big successes.

At the end of the silent film era from 1927 to 1929 and in the early talkies in India from 1933 to 1939, Billimoria and [[Ruby Myers|Sulochana]] formed a popular romantic lead, which delighted a broad audience, especially in romantic dramas by R. S. Choudhury. Billimoria was considered the highest paid silent movie star in India. After 1932, they shot talkies remakes of several of the silent film hits, among them ''Anarkali'' (1935) and ''Bambai Ki Billi/Wildcat of Bombay'' (1936).

He appeared in several films for the film company between 1929 and 1932 for [[Ranjit Movietone]] under the directors [[Chandulal Shah]], [[Nanubhai Vakil]] and [[Nandlal Jaswantlal]].

Billimoria probably directed two films in 1940 and 1942; but ''Azadi-e-Watan'' (1940) may be a dubbed version of a US import.<ref>''Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema'', p. 66</ref>

His brother was the actor [[Eddie Billimoria]].

== Filmography ==
{| width="100%" align="center"
|width="33%" valign="top"|
;Silent films
* 1925: ''[[Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1925 film)|Chhatrapati Sambhaji]]''
* 1926: ''Dha Cha Ma''
* 1926: ''Tai Teleen''
* 1926: ''Umaji Naik''
* 1927: ''Wildcat of Bombay''
* 1927: ''Daya Ni Devi''
* 1927: ''Vilasi Kanta''
* 1928: ''Qatil Kathiyani''
* 1928: ''Anarkali''
* 1928: ''Madhuri''
* 1928: ''Rajrang''
* 1929: ''Khwab-e-Hasti''
* 1929: ''Mewad Nu Moti''
* 1929: ''Heer Ranjha''
* 1929: ''Punjab Mail''
* 1929: ''Rajputani''
* 1929: ''Hawai Swar''
* 1930: ''Pahadi Kanya''
* 1930: ''Rasili Radha''
* 1930: ''Diwani Dilbar''
* 1931: ''Baghdad Nu Bulbul''
* 1931: ''Mojili Mashuq''
* 1931: ''Noor-e-Alam''
* 1931: ''Premi Jogan''
|width="34%" valign="top"|
;Sound films
* 1931: ''Devi Devayani''
* 1932: ''Sati Madalasa''
* 1933: ''Daku Ki Ladki''
* 1933: ''Saubhagya Sundari''
* 1933: ''Sulochana''
* 1934: ''Gul Sanobar''
* 1934: ''Indira MA''
* 1934: ''Khwab-e-Hasti''
* 1934: ''Piya Pyare''
* 1934: ''Devaki''
* 1935: ''Anarkali''
* 1935: ''Do Ghadi Ki Mauj''
* 1935: ''Pujarini''
* 1936: ''Bambai Ki Billi''
* 1936: ''Jungle Queen''
* 1936: ''Shaan-e-Hind''
* 1937: ''Jagat Kesari''
* 1937: ''New Searchlight''
* 1937: ''Wah Ri Duniya''
* 1939: ''Prem Ki Jyot''
* 1942: ''Jawani Ki Pukar''
|width="33%" valign="top"|
;Directed
* 1940: ''Azadi-e-Watan''
* 1942: ''Jawani Ki Pukar''
|}

== Literature ==
* The entry of ''Dinshaw Billimoria'' in Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen: ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema'', S. 66

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Dinshaw Bilimoria}}
* {{IMDb name|0082234}}
* [http://www.citwf.com/detailPerson.asp?personID=97670&sortOn=YEAR&sortBy=UP Filmografie] bei citwf.com

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Billimoria, Dinshaw}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male silent film actors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]

Mayiladuthurai dry fish market

2026-02-07T17:40:51Z

TessaLovins0: Creating Some Info First Draft

{{Coord|11.091370| 79.626523|display=title}}

'''Mayiladuthurai dry fish market''', also known as the '''Karuvattu Sandhai''' or '''Mayavaram''' '''Karuvattu Sandhai''', is a dedicated dry fish market operating in town [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India.

== History ==
The market was established a decade ago,<ref name=":0" /> facilitating the sale of preserved fish to consumers in the region. It is described as one of the early dedicated dry fish markets in Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=இந்தியாவின் முதல் கருவாட்டு சந்தை..? அட நம்ம மயிலாடுதுறைக்கு இப்படி ஒரு பெருமையா? |url=https://tamil.news18.com/mayiladuthurai/first-karuvat-market-launched-in-india-1007341.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405030050/https://tamil.news18.com/mayiladuthurai/first-karuvat-market-launched-in-india-1007341.html |archive-date=2025-04-05 |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=tamil.news18.com |language=ta}}</ref> The market facilitate the sale of preserved fish, including sun-dried and salted varieties, from coastal fishing communities to inland areas.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Market operations ==
The market is 20 km away from the beach of [[Mayiladuthurai district]] and located near the [[Mayiladuthurai Junction railway station|Mayiladuthurai junction]]. The location is suitable for the fishermans to reach easily and sell their product. The market is a weekly market which open on every Tuesday and Sunday. On that day, about five thousand people come to this market, to sell dry fish. The market is open on Sundays, but business starts at early morning. Fisher mans from distruict [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]], [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]], [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]], [[Tiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]], [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]] People from different parts of the district come here for business. [[Coimbatore district|Coimbature]], [[Karur district|Karur]], [[Tiruchirappalli district|Trichy]], [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]], [[Salem district|Salem]], [[Tiruvannamalai district|Thiruvannamalai]] People from more than ten districts of the state come here for shopping. The big traders leave, starting at two in the night and finishing their wholesale business by six in the morning. After that, small merchants shop at Five O'clock in the morning until ten o'clock, and after this the retail business goes on until the evening. <ref>{{Cite web |last=கரு. முத்து |date=14 June 2017 |title=மவுசு குறையாத மயிலாடுதுறை கருவாட்டுச் சந்தை |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/reporter-page/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88/article9766708.ece |access-date=14 June 2017 |website=கட்டுரை |publisher=தி இந்து}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Decades-old dry fish market in Mayiladuthurai lacks basic amenities |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/decades-old-dry-fish-market-in-mayiladuthurai-lacks-basic-amenities/article69940932.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818064353/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/decades-old-dry-fish-market-in-mayiladuthurai-lacks-basic-amenities/article69940932.ece |archive-date=2025-08-18 |access-date=2025-10-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2021-07-11 |title=100 ஆண்டுகள் பழமைமிக்க சித்தர்காடு கருவாட்டுச்சந்தை: 60 நாட்களுக்குப் பின் திறப்பு |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/state/nagapattinam/oldest-karuvadu-market-opening-after-60-days/tamil-nadu20210711205026115 |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=ta}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-21 |title=தமிழகத்தின் முதல் கருவாட்டு சந்தை..! நூற்றாண்டு கடந்த மயிலாடுதுறை மண்ணின் அடையாளம்..! |url=https://www.kavirideltanews.page/2019/12/iJC0R8.html |access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ம |first=ஹரீஷ் |date=2019-06-03 |title=தமிழகம் கண்ட முதல் பிரமாண்ட கருவாட்டுச் சந்தை - இது மயிலாடுதுறை மண்ணின் அடையாளம்! #MyVikatan |url=https://www.vikatan.com/literature/arts/158975-mayiladuthurai-karuvattu-sandhai-is-100-years-old |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref>

== Challenges and infrastructure improvements ==
Despite its historical significance, the Mayiladuthurai dry fish market has faced infrastructural challenges. The market operates on land leased annually from the Tamil Nadu Adi Dravidar Welfare Department, but permanent facilities such as drinking water facilities, toilets, and rest shelters have not been provided. In recent years, local officials have announced plans to improve infrastructure, sanitation, and vendor support to modernize the market.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-21 |title=தமிழகத்தின் முதல் கருவாட்டு சந்தை..! நூற்றாண்டு கடந்த மயிலாடுதுறை மண்ணின் அடையாளம்..! |url=https://www.kavirideltanews.page/2019/12/iJC0R8.html |access-date=2025-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=மயிலாடுதுறை |first=எஸ் ஜெகநாதன் |date=2024-02-21 |title=மயிலாடுதுறை எம்.பி. இதை சொன்னார், இதனை செய்தார் - ஆனால், மக்கள் எதிர்பார்ப்பு என்ன? |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024-mayiladuthurai-mp-ramalingam-lok-sabha-constituency-past-election-result-history-winners-current-sitting-mp-achievements-failures-tnn-168695 |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=ABP Nadu |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>{{Mayiladuthurai Topics}}{{Mayiladuthurai district}}
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai]]
[[Category:Fish markets]]

MFK Award for Favourite Director

2026-02-03T06:55:43Z

TessaLovins0: Creating The Info W/ Refs

{{Short description|Indian film award}}

{{EngvarB|date = May 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox award|name=[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]] for Best Director|image=Riteish Deshmukh at the Promotion of 'Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum' 06.jpg|caption=|awarded_for=Best Director|presenter=''[[Zee Talkies]]''|country=[[India]]|year=Santosh Manjrekar, [[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]] (2010)|holder=[[Riteish Deshmukh]], [[Ved (film)| Ved]] (2023)|website=}}

The '''Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? Best Director Award''' is one of the main awards presented by the [[Zee Talkies]] each year to recognise directors working in [[Marathi cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2010 TV Serial - Watch Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2010 Online All Episodes (1-1) on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2010/0-6-4z587374 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-26 |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon : महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट अभिनेता ठरला प्रसाद ओक |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/maharashtra-favorite-kon-prasad-oak-became-maharashtra-favorite-actor/694261 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=24taas.com |language=mr}}</ref> Although the awards started in 2009, awards for the Best Director category started the following year 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Editorial Staff |date=2017-03-18 |title=Sairat wins at Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? |url=https://marathistars.com/news/sairat-wins-maharashtracha-favourite-kon/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Superlatives ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Superlatives
!Directors
!Record
|-
|Director with most awards
|Mahesh Manjrekar Sanjay Jadhav Nagraj Manjule Pravin Tarde
|2
|-
| rowspan="2" |Director with most nominations
|Mahesh Manjrekar
|8
|-
|Sanjay Jadhav
|7
|-
|Director with most nominations without ever winning
|Ravi Jadhav
|5
|}

== Recipients ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
!scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;"| Year
!scope="col" style="width:5%;text-align:center;"| Photos of winners
!scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;"| Director
!scope="col" style="width:20%;text-align:center;"| Film
!scope="col" style="width:2%;text-align:center;"|Ref.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 2010
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Santosh Manjrekar'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2010 TV Serial - Watch Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2010 Online All Episodes (1-1) on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2010/0-6-4z587374 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ravi Jadhav]]
|''[[Natarang]]''
|-
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|''[[Shikshanachya Aaicha Gho]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{Border|[[File:Mahesh Manjrekar 1 (cropped).jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Lalbaug Parel]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2011 TV Serial 19th November 2011 Full Episode 1 Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2011/0-6-4z587384/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2011/0-1-6z587386 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anant Mahadevan]]
|''[[Mee Sindhutai Sapkal]]''
|-
|[[Ravi Jadhav]]
|''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]''
|-
|[[Sanjay Jadhav]]
|''[[Fakta Ladh Mhana]]''
|-
|Kiran Yadnopavit
|''[[Taryanche Bait]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |2012
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{Border|[[File:Mahesh Manjrekar 1 (cropped).jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Kaksparsh]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2012 TV Serial 9th December 2012 Full Episode 1 Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2012/0-6-4z587392/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2012/0-1-6z587394 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chandrakant Kulkarni]]
|''[[Tukaram (film)|Tukaram]]''
|-
|[[Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni]]
|''[[Deool]]''
|-
|[[Sujay Dahake]]
|''[[Shala (film)|Shala]]''
|-
|[[Avadhoot Gupte]]
|''[[Morya (film)|Morya]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |2013
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Sanjay Jadhav]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Duniyadari]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |
|-
|[[Ravi Jadhav]]
|''[[Balak Palak]]''
|-
|[[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]
|''[[Ekulti Ek]]''
|-
|[[Mahesh Kothare]]
|''[[Zapatlela 2]]''
|-
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|''Kokanastha''
|-
! rowspan="4" |2014
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" |{{Border|[[File:Nishikant Kamat at the screening of 'Daddy'.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Nishikant Kamat]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Lai Bhaari]]'''''
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|[[Nagraj Manjule]]
|''[[Fandry]]''
|-
|Abhijit Panse
|''[[Rege]]''
|-
|[[Mahesh Limaye]]
|''[[Yellow (2014 film)|Yellow]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2015
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |{{Border|[[File:Paresh Mokashi 2.JPG|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Paresh Mokashi]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Elizabeth Ekadashi]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khot |first=Sayali |date=2015-12-02 |title='Maharashtracha Favorite Kon 2015' grand show on 20th December |url=https://marathistars.com/news/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2015-grand-show-on-20th-december/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ravi Jadhav]]
|''[[Timepass 2]]''
|-
|[[Aditya Sarpotdar]]
|''[[Classmates (2015 film)|Classmates]]''
|-
|[[Sanjay Jadhav]]
|''[[Pyaar Vali Love Story]]''
|-
|[[Avinash Arun]]
|''[[Killa (film)|Killa]]''
|-
|Sameer Vidwans
|''[[Double Seat]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2016
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Nagraj Manjule]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Sairat]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=justmarathi |date=2016-11-09 |title=The Maharashtracha Favorite Kon 2016 Nominations Complete List |url=https://www.justmarathi.com/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2016-nominations-complete-list/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=JustMarathi.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|''[[Natsamrat]]''
|-
|[[Subodh Bhave]]
|''[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (film)|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali]]''
|-
|[[Satish Rajwade]]
|''[[Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 2]]''
|-
|Chandrakant Kanse
|''[[Dagadi Chawl]]''
|-
|Sameer Patil
|''[[Poshter Girl]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2017
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Aditya Sarpotdar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Faster Fene]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-18 |title=झी टॉकीज प्रस्तुत महाराष्ट्राचा फेव्हरेट कोण? २०१७ चा दिमाखदार पुरस्कार सोहळा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2017/407192 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=24taas.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[Satish Rajwade]]
|''[[Ti Saddhya Kay Karte]]''
|-
|[[Rajesh Mapuskar]]
|''[[Ventilator (2016 film)|Ventilator]]''
|-
|[[Paresh Mokashi]]
|''[[Chi Va Chi Sau Ka]]''
|-
|Vishal Devrukhkar
|''[[Boyz (film)|Boyz]]''
|-
|Varun Narvekar
|''[[Muramba]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2018
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Pravin Tarde]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Mulshi Pattern]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |
|-
|[[Sanjay Jadhav]]
|''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa]]''
|-
|[[Digpal Lanjekar]]
|''[[Farzand]]''
|-
|[[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]
|''[[Naal (film)|Naal]]''
|-
|[[Bhaurao Karhade]]
|''[[Baban (film)|Baban]]''
|-
|Vishal Devrukhkar
|''[[Boyz 2]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2019
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Sanjay Jadhav]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Khari Biscuit]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2019 TV Serial 12th January 2020 Full Episode 1 Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2019/0-6-2350/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2019-january-12-2020/0-1-manual_7g9k22qqjcg0 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|[[Prasad Oak]]
|''[[Hirkani]]''
|-
|[[Digpal Lanjekar]]
|''[[Fatteshikast]]''
|-
|[[Hemant Dhome]]
|''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 2]]''
|-
|Sameer Vidhwans
|''[[Anandi Gopal]]''
|-
|Milind Kavde
|''Takatak''
|-
! rowspan="10" |2021
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Nagraj Manjule]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Sairat]]'''''
| rowspan="10" |<ref>{{Cite web |title='महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट कोण?' सुवर्णदशक सोहळ्यात कोण मारणार बाजी? Maharashtracha Favorite Kon |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-check-the-whole-nomination-list-slv92-2 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2021-12-01 |title='महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट कोण? सुवर्णदशक सोहळा', नामांकनातून कोण मारणार बाजी? प्रेक्षकांची उत्सुकता शिगेला! |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/marathi-cinema/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2021-nomination-list-588086.html |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Santosh Manjrekar
|''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
|''[[Lalbaug Parel]]''
|-
|''[[Kaksparsh]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Sanjay Jadhav]]
|''[[Duniyadari]]''
|-
|''[[Khari Biscuit]]''
|-
|[[Nishikant Kamat]]
|''[[Lai Bhaari]]''
|-
|[[Paresh Mokashi]]
|''[[Elizabeth Ekadashi]]''
|-
|[[Aditya Sarpotdar]]
|''[[Faster Fene]]''
|-
|[[Pravin Tarde]]
|''[[Mulshi Pattern]]''
|-
! rowspan="8" |2022
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center" |
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Pravin Tarde]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Dharmaveer]]'''''
| rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon: यंदा कोण ठरणार 'महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट'? नामांकनं जाहीर! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-nominations-declare-know-how-to-vote-141671676182720.html |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-26 |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon : महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट अभिनेता ठरला प्रसाद ओक |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/maharashtra-favorite-kon-prasad-oak-became-maharashtra-favorite-actor/694261 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=24taas.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[Prasad Oak]]
|''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''
|-
|[[Ravi Jadhav]]
|''[[Timepass 3]]''
|-
|[[Viju Mane]]
|''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]''
|-
|[[Digpal Lanjekar]]
|''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
|-
|[[Aditya Sarpotdar]]
|''[[Zombivli]]''
|-
|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]], Sudesh Manjrekar
|''[[De Dhakka|De Dhakka 2]]''
|-
|Abhijit Deshpande
|''[[Har Har Mahadev]]''
|-
! rowspan="8" |2023
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Riteish Deshmukh at the Promotion of 'Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum' 06.jpg|105px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Riteish Deshmukh]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]'''''
| rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Maharashtracha Favorite Kon Award Show Voting Lines Open; Check Nomination Lists |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-award-show-voting-lines-open-check-nomination-lists-8735990.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Kedar Shinde]]
|''[[Baipan Bhaari Deva]]''
|-
|''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]''
|-
|[[Digpal Lanjekar]]
|''[[Subhedar]]''
|-
|[[Paresh Mokashi]]
|''[[Vaalvi]]''
|-
|[[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]
|''[[Naal 2]]''
|-
|[[Hemant Dhome]]
|''[[Jhimma 2]]''
|-
|Hemant Jangal Awtade
|''[[Ghar Banduk Biryani]]''
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{improve categories|date=June 2023}}

[[Category:MFK awards]]

Wajahat Khan

2026-01-25T08:52:17Z

TessaLovins0: Improved wording and formatting

{{Mscn|date=January 2026}}
{{short description|Indian sarod player and composer (born 1960)}}
{{BLP one source|date=January 2026}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|image =
|name = Wajahat Khan
| birth_date =
|background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
|origin = [[Calcutta]], India
|instrument = [[Sarod]]
|occupation = [[Indian Classical music]]ian
|years_active = 1977–present
|label = [[Nimbus Records]], [[Navras Records]], [[Sony India]], [[Hyperion Records]], [[Koch Schwann]], [[Koch International]], [[Audiorec Classics]]
|website = {{URL|http://wajahatkhan.com/}}
}}

'''Wajahat Khan''' (also known as Vajahat Khan; IAST: Wajāhat Khān, Hindi: वजाहत ख़ान, Bengali: ওয়াজাহাত খান, Urdu: خان وجاہت,) is an Indian [[sarod]] player and composer who has earned international acclaim since 1977. He is the third son and disciple of [[sitar]] and [[surbahar]] player [[Imrat Khan]], nephew of sitar player [[Vilayat Khan]] and a member of India's illustrious multi-generational musical Khan family which founded the [[Imdadkhani Gharana]] . He was born in the mid-1960s in [[Calcutta]], [[India]] and now divides his time between London and [[India]].<ref name=Tribune>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040218/punjab1.htm Gurvinder Kaur, ''Sitar-sarod jugalbandi moves all hearts'' (scroll down to read this title)] [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] (Indian newspaper), Published 18 February 2004, Retrieved 15 July 2020</ref>

==Career==

Khan started his training in singing, sitar and surbahar from the age of 3, and his professional career in music as a child prodigy singer touring the world at a young age, including a performance on [[BBC Television]] in 1977. In his early teens, he decided to specialise in [[sarod]], marking an interesting departure from his family's traditional instruments of [[sitar]] and [[surbahar]].

He has performed extensively around the world, touring in the Indian sub-continent, UK, Europe, Scandinavia, USA, former USSR, Africa, Middle-East, South-East Asia and the Far-East. His performances at prestigious venues and festivals include the [[Kremlin]] in Moscow, the [[Acropolis of Athens]], the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in Washington D.C., Symphony Space in New York, [[Suntory Hall]] in Tokyo, Playhouse Theatre in Durban, the [[Glastonbury Festival]] and the [[Royal Albert Hall]] for the BBC Proms Festival in the UK.

Whilst mainly focussing on performing traditional [[Indian classical music]], he has also ventured into crossover as a distinguished composer, having written pioneering works for Indian as well as Western instruments and ensembles, including three sarod concertos for symphony and chamber orchestras and quintets for sarod and string quartets. In 1991 he wrote and performed his first sarod concerto in Germany and has since performed with renowned international orchestras and ensembles such as the [[London Sinfonietta]] and Halle Symphony Orchestra (UK), Cape Philharmonic and KwaZulu Natal Symphony Orchestra (South Africa) and the Singapore Symphony Orchestra. In 1997 he composed for and recorded his first quartet for sarod and string quartet with the [[Medici String Quartet]], and has since performed with leading quartets such as the Carducci String Quartet, Ciurlionis String Quartet, and the Allegri String Quartet. He has toured internationally on several occasions with his Wajahat Khan World Music Ensemble, which includes the renowned flamenco/jazz guitarist Eduardo Niebla.

His collaborations also include the Brit Award winning rock band Kula Shaker, Japanese Shakuhachi maestro Yoshikazu Iwamoto and Indian shehnai player Ali Ahmad Khan, with whom he recorded the first ever sarod and shehnai duet. In 1997, on the occasion of the 50th year of Indian Independence Wajahat Khan also created for the first time in history a unique ensemble of soloists, consisting solely of all the traditional instruments and percussion that are at the forefront of North Indian classical music scene today – the Wajahat Khan Indian Chamber Orchestra. This was premiered to great acclaim at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London and subsequent performances have included Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival (UK). In 2008 he premiered his third sarod concerto to a standing ovation with the Halle Symphony Orchestra for the 150th year celebration of the Halle, at the prestigious Bridgewater Hall in Manchester and also composed, performed and toured another unique opera 'Queens of Govan' with the Scottish Opera.

Khan also teaches and lectures internationally and has given concerts and workshop courses at eminent institutions, such as the [[University of Florida]], [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]], [[Utica University]], [[Amherst College]], [[Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University in St Louis]] and Augustana College in the USA; the [[National University of Malaysia|University of Malaysia]] in Kuala Lumpur; the [[Birmingham Conservatoire]], Manchester and Brighton Universities, Yehudi Menuhin School of Music, [[Trinity College Of Music|Trinity College of Music]] and [[Morley College]] in the UK. In London, he is the Founder Director of his own Academy of World Music, and has been Artist in Residence at the Middlesex University and SOAS, University of London, where he is also working on a book about Indian music in live performance. He performs and gives lecture demonstrations at various educational institutions of Spicmacay throughout India. He has given illustrated talks on television and radio introducing and explaining Indian music, most notably presenting a highly acclaimed series of programmes for the BBC World Service.

==Style==

Khan has energised the sarod performance repertoire with the intricate and fluid musical styles evolved by generations of his family, as well as a wide range of world music collaborations. Whilst preserving the ancient traditions, he brings his own innovations to the styles and techniques of the sarod, including his pioneering adaptation of the four-string technique of the surbahar to the sarod, thereby adding new dimensions to the instrument. Adding a fifth melody string for the base, he uniquely uses seven pegs on the head of his instrument, instead of the conventional six or eight pegs used by other contemporary masters. His distinctive style on the sarod and virtuoso technique interweaves a wide spectrum of dhrupad, khayāl and ṭhumrī (vocal) forms with the sarod instrumental repertoires.

==Discography==
His CDs include:
* ''Nocturne: Late Evening Raga of Romantic Mood'' (2003)
* ''Indian Raags for Sarod, Tabla and Tanpura'' (2001)
* ''Rag Yaman Kalyan/Rag Gaoti''(1996)
* ''Raag Desh/Shivranjani'' (2000)
* ''Raag Alaiya Bilawal'' (1987)
* ''Raag Desh'' (2002)
* ''Maru Behag/Dhun''
* ''Tilak Kamod/Pilu''
* ''Jhinjhoti/Pilu''
* ''Brindabani Sarang''
* ''The Quest: Khamboji/Khammaj''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.wajahatkhan.com/ Wajahat Khan's website]
* [http://www.theherald.co.za/herald/2006/04/12/lstyle/lst01_12042006.htm Rupert Mayr, ''Indian virtuosos delight music lovers'', The Herald, April 12, 2006] – concert review (South Africa)
* [http://www.londonchambermusic.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/LCMS-Newsletter-Issue-9-hi-res-25.2.14-1.pdf “Marriage of Two Great Musical Cultures”, The LCMS Newsletter 9 (2014)]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Wajahat}}
[[Category:Hindustani instrumentalists]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:Sarod players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Etawah gharana]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Saami Saami

2026-01-20T02:54:11Z

TessaLovins0: Created New Article

{{Short description|2021 song by Devi Sri Prasad, Chandrabose and Mounika Yadav}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Saami Saami
| type = single
| cover = Saami Saami song.webp
| caption = Official song cover
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]] and [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]] featuring Mounika Yadav
| album = [[Pushpa: The Rise (soundtrack)|Pushpa: The Rise]]
| language = Telugu
| released = 28 October 2021
| recorded = 2020–2021
| studio =
| genre = {{hlist|[[Dance music|Dance]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[Electronic dance music|EDM]]|[[Item number]]}}
| length = {{Duration|m=3|s=13}}
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| writer =
| composer = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| lyricist = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| producer = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| tracks = # "Daako Daako Meka"
# "[[Srivalli (song)|Srivalli]]"
# "[[Oo Antava Oo Oo Antava]]"
# '''"Saami Saami"'''
# "Eyy Bidda Idhi Naa Adda"
| misc = {{External music video|type=single|{{YouTube|id=-ZAnN6groJw|title="Saami Saami"}}
}}
}}

"'''Saami Saami'''" is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language song, composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]], with lyrics written by [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]] and recorded by Mounika Yadav for the [[Pushpa: The Rise (soundtrack)|soundtrack album]] of the 2021 Indian film ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Telugu |first1=10TV |last2=V |first2=Paramesh |date=2021-10-28 |title=Saami Saami : దేవిశ్రీ పాటల్లో తెలంగాణ టాలెంట్! సామీ సామీ సింగర్ మౌనిక యాదవ్ గురించి తెలుసుకోండి |url=https://10tv.in/telugu-news/movies/detaila-about-pushpa-saami-saami-song-singer-mounika-yadav-299365.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=10TV Telugu |language=te}}</ref> It was released on 28 October 2021 (released on [[YouTube]] as a lyrical video song) as the third single from the album, through [[Aditya Music]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Saami Saami: Third single from Allu Arjun and Rashmika Mandanna's 'Pushpa' out - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saami-saami-third-single-from-allu-arjun-and-rashmika-mandannas-pushpa-out/articleshow/87333319.cms |access-date=2021-12-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519154918/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/saami-saami-third-single-from-allu-arjun-and-rashmika-mandannas-pushpa-out/articleshow/87333319.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The Hindi version was released through [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] later due to few issues regarding distribution rights of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-28 |title=Pushpa's 'Saami Saami': Delay In Hindi Version Dismays Fans |url=https://www.binged.com/news/pushpas-saami-saami-delay-in-hindi-version-dismays-fans/ |access-date=2021-12-13 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref> The full video song, featuring visuals directly from the film, was released on 7 January 2022 on [[YouTube]].

The song was also released with the same title in [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]] and [[Malayalam]] language dubbed versions. The song was produced by Aditya Music in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] with the same title and was released in July 2023. The hook leg-dance step in the film, performed by the lead actor [[Rashmika Mandanna]] became widely popular and a pop-cultural phenomenon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=Srivalli Rashmika Mandanna 'Wrapped Saami Saami Song Shoot Despite Minor Sprain'! Read more for Deets Inside |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/srivalli-rashmika-mandanna-wrapped-saami-saami-song-shoot-despite-minor-sprain-read-more-for-deets-inside-13839481.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213071819/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/srivalli-rashmika-mandanna-wrapped-saami-saami-song-shoot-despite-minor-sprain-read-more-for-deets-inside-13839481.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2024-11-27 |title=Pushpa 2: The Rule actress Rashmika Mandanna shot for 'Saami Saami' with a sprain, reveal sources : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pushpa-2-rule-actress-rashmika-mandanna-shot-saami-saami-sprain-reveal-sources/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |language=en |archive-date=4 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204004126/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pushpa-2-rule-actress-rashmika-mandanna-shot-saami-saami-sprain-reveal-sources/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although the song and the film were released in 2021, it had a consecutive commercial success throughout 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Gurbaxani |first=Amit |date=2022-12-20 |title=Bollywood Ballads, Punjabi Hip-Hop & Cross-Border Pop: What India Listened to In 2022 |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/india-music-listening-most-played-on-spotify-apple-music-youtube/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608063334/https://www.billboard.com/pro/india-music-listening-most-played-on-spotify-apple-music-youtube/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Background and composition ==
Mounika Yadav has made her recording debut with the song in Telugu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2021-12-13 |title=Folk is this young singer's forte |url=https://telanganatoday.com/folk-is-this-young-singers-forte |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Telangana Today |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213064551/https://telanganatoday.com/folk-is-this-young-singers-forte |url-status=live }}</ref> Impressed by her performance in the independent folk song "Bava O Sari Rava", composer [[Devi Sri Prasad]] has signed her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=telugu |first=NT News |date=2021-11-13 |title=సామీ సామీ పాటను మౌనిక యాద‌వ్‌ ఫ‌స్ట్ టైం పాడ‌గానే డీఎస్పీ ఎలా ఫీల‌య్యాడు? |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/saami-saami-song-fame-singer-mounika-yadav-special-interview-302081 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.ntnews.com |language=te |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929223023/https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/saami-saami-song-fame-singer-mounika-yadav-special-interview-302081 |url-status=live }}</ref> She has recorded the song in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2021-11-07 |title=Singer Mounika yadav Family: 'సామీ.. సామీ..' కోసం ఏడాది ఎదురుచూశా!' |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/sitara/cinema/singer-mounika-yadav-said-that-looking-forward-to-the-year-for-pushpa-saami-saami-song/ts20211107083403855 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=te |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213055648/https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/sitara/cinema/singer-mounika-yadav-said-that-looking-forward-to-the-year-for-pushpa-saami-saami-song/ts20211107083403855 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rajalakshmi Senthil Ganesh, [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara]], [[Ananya Bhat]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] and [[Shithi Saha]] have recorded the song in Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Hindi and Bengali languages respectively.

== Music video ==
=== Background and production ===
The scenes involved in the music video of the song were shot at [[Maredumilli]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pushpa update: Allu Arjun and Rashmika Mandanna to resume shooting for Sukumar's film from November 10 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pushpa-update-allu-arjun-and-rashmika-mandanna-to-resume-shooting-for-sukumars-film-from-november-10/articleshow/79122833.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109154150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pushpa-update-allu-arjun-and-rashmika-mandanna-to-resume-shooting-for-sukumars-film-from-november-10/articleshow/79122833.cms |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ramachandran 2020">{{cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=11 November 2020 |title=India's Allu Arjun Starts Smuggling Saga 'Pushpa' (Exclusive) |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/asia/allu-arjun-pushpa-smuggling-saga-starts-production-1234828907/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111090550/https://variety.com/2020/film/asia/allu-arjun-pushpa-smuggling-saga-starts-production-1234828907/ |archive-date=11 November 2020 |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=Variety}}</ref> [[Sekhar (choreographer)|Sekhar]] has choreographed the dance sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-28 |title=Pushpa: The Rise song Saami Saami will make you groove |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/saami-saami-song-from-allu-arjun-pushpa-the-rise-makes-you-groove-instantly-7595203/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213065332/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/saami-saami-song-from-allu-arjun-pushpa-the-rise-makes-you-groove-instantly-7595203/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Synopsis ===
The music video is a direct clip from the scenes in ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]''. The scenes feature [[Allu Arjun]] and [[Rashmika Mandanna]] dancing together during a party.

== Commercial performance ==
Globally, "Saami Saami" is the most-viewed song on [[YouTube]], followed by "[[Oo Antava Oo Oo Antava]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khandekar |first=Vanita Kohli |date=5 January 2024 |title=The sound of music: Music creators in India fail to hit the right note |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/the-sound-of-music-music-creators-in-india-fail-to-hit-the-right-note-124010501398_1.html |access-date=11 December 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]] |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116181721/https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/the-sound-of-music-music-creators-in-india-fail-to-hit-the-right-note-124010501398_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The music video of the song became one of the [[YouTube|YouTube India's]] 2022 top music videos,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-05 |title=YouTube India trends 2022: Allu Arjun's 'Pushpa', Vijay's 'Beast' songs top charts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/youtube-india-trends-2022-allu-arjuns-pushpa-vijays-beast-songs-top-charts/article66226188.ece |access-date=2024-12-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> as declared by the YouTube's official charts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pushpa's Songs Dominate YouTube Top 10 Most Watched Music Videos List For 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pushpas-songs-dominate-youtube-top-10-most-watched-music-videos-list-for-2022-6562711.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221082801/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pushpas-songs-dominate-youtube-top-10-most-watched-music-videos-list-for-2022-6562711.html |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The Hindi version was ranked third.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2022-12-05 |title=Allu Arjun starrer Pushpa songs 'Srivalli', 'Saami Saami', 'Oo Antava Mawa' dominate on YouTube; rank amongst most-watched 2022 music videos : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/allu-arjun-starrer-pushpa-songs-srivalli-saami-saami-oo-antava-mawa-dominate-youtube-rank-amongst-watched-2022-music-videos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201220501/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/allu-arjun-starrer-pushpa-songs-srivalli-saami-saami-oo-antava-mawa-dominate-youtube-rank-amongst-watched-2022-music-videos/ |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=2024-12-10 |language=en}}</ref> In February 2022, the Hindi, Telugu and Malayalam versions debuted at number three, six and twenty in the inaugural [[Billboard India Songs|''Billboard'' India Songs]] chart.<ref name="indiasongs2">{{cite magazine |title=India Songs: Week of February 19, 2022 |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/india-songs-hotw/2022-02-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425190810/https://www.billboard.com/charts/india-songs-hotw/2022-02-19/ |archive-date=25 April 2023 |access-date=April 21, 2023 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> It has become one of the top-10 most searched regional songs in 2023 on [[Amazon Alexa]] in India, alongside "Saami Saami", "[[Oo Antava Oo Oo Antava]]", "[[Naatu Naatu]]", "[[Butta Bomma]]" and others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Deepali |date=16 February 2024 |title=Naatu Naatu, Kaavaalaa, Khalasi among top 10 most-searched regional songs on Alexa |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/naatu-naatu-kaavaalaa-khalasi-among-top-10-regional-songs-searched-on-alexa-12287511.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=Moneycontrol |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710080539/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/naatu-naatu-kaavaalaa-khalasi-among-top-10-regional-songs-searched-on-alexa-12287511.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Live performance ==
Mounika Yadav performed the song at the pre-release event of the film held in December 2021 in [[Hyderabad]].

== Credits and personnel ==
Credits adapted from [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Pushpa: Saami Saami Full Video Song (Telugu) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZAnN6groJw |work=[[YouTube]] |date=7 January 2022 |access-date=2024-12-11 |language=en |archive-date=22 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122142957/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZAnN6groJw |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col}}
* [[Devi Sri Prasad]] {{spaced ndash}} composer, banjo and melodica
* [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]] {{spaced ndash}} lyrics
* Mounika Yadav {{spaced ndash}} vocals
* Vikas Badisa {{spaced ndash}} keyboards
* Kalyan {{spaced ndash}} rhythm
* Rajkumar {{spaced ndash}} accordion
* Laxminarayana {{spaced ndash}} live rhythms
* Raju {{spaced ndash}} live rhythms
* A. Uday Kumar {{spaced ndash}} mix engineer, mastering engineer, record engineer
* S P Abhishek {{spaced ndash}} vocal mix assistant
* T. Uday Kumar {{spaced ndash}} record engineer
* Suresh Kumar Taddi {{spaced ndash}} record engineer
* Murugan {{spaced ndash}} orchestra in-charge
* Pugalendhi {{spaced ndash}} studio assistant
* R Raja {{spaced ndash}} studio assistant
* V Dhinakaran {{spaced ndash}} studio assistant
* B. Manikandan {{spaced ndash}} album co-ordinator
{{div col end}}

==Charts==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Weekly chart performance for "Saami Saami"
! scope="col" | Chart (2023)
! scope="col" | Peak position
|-
! scope="row" | [[Billboard India Songs|India]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref name="indiasongs2" /> {{small|"Saami Saami" {{ndash}} Hindi}}
| 3
|-
! scope="row" | [[Billboard India Songs|India]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref name="indiasongs2" /> {{small|"Saami Saami" {{ndash}} Telugu}}
| 6
|-
! scope="row" | [[Billboard India Songs|India]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref name="indiasongs2" /> {{small|"Saami Saami" {{ndash}} Malayalam}}
|20
|}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col" | Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Recipient(s)
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" |GAMA Awards
| 3 March 2024
| Best Popular Song 2021
| Mounika Yadav
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=GAMA Awards 2024 – GAMA Awards – Dubai |url=https://gamaawards.com/gama-awards-2024/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |language=en-US |archive-date=4 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804114545/http://gamaawards.com/gama-awards-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-03-06 |title=GAMA Awards 2023: Glittering night in Dubai honors Telugu cinema's finest |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/gama-awards-2023-glittering-night-in-dubai-honors-telugu-cinemas-finest-863065 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[14th Mirchi Music Awards|8 March 2022]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of The Year]]
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners Of The Filmfare Awards South 2022 - Telugu |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/telugu/winners |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307011918/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/telugu/winners |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|10 September 2022]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
| Mounika Yadav
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hymavathi |first=Ravali |date=2022-09-11 |title=SIIMA Awards 2022: Check Out The Complete List Of Tollywood Winners… |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/siima-awards-2022-check-out-the-complete-list-of-tollywood-winners-761317 |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911042654/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/siima-awards-2022-check-out-the-complete-list-of-tollywood-winners-761317 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

== Impact and Legacy ==
The song received positive reception from audiences, praising the music, vocal and choreography.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-13 |title=Rashmika and Allu Arjun's Saami Saami goes viral again but with a twist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/rashmika-and-allu-arjuns-saami-saami-goes-viral-again-but-with-a-twist/articleshow/100962250.cms |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=15 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615003021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/rashmika-and-allu-arjuns-saami-saami-goes-viral-again-but-with-a-twist/articleshow/100962250.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-04 |title=Rashmika Mandanna expresses gratitude as her song 'Saami Saami' from 'Pushpa' becomes a sensation! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rashmika-mandanna-expresses-gratitude-as-hersaami-saami-song-from-pushpa-becomes-a-sensation/articleshow/89154528.cms |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505032849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rashmika-mandanna-expresses-gratitude-as-hersaami-saami-song-from-pushpa-becomes-a-sensation/articleshow/89154528.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The dance moves popularly known as Saami Saami hook-step, performed by [[Rashmika Mandanna]] became a pop cultural phenomenon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Did You Know Rashmika Mandanna Injured Her Leg While Filming Saami Saami Song? {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/did-you-know-rashmika-mandanna-injured-her-leg-while-filming-saami-saami-song-exclusive-9135904.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129075105/https://www.news18.com/movies/did-you-know-rashmika-mandanna-injured-her-leg-while-filming-saami-saami-song-exclusive-9135904.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-17 |title='Pushpa' completes 2 years: Rashmika Mandanna's Saami Saami song is everyone's favorite |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pushpa-completes-2-years-rashmika-mandannas-saami-saami-song-is-everyones-favorite/articleshow/106057827.cms |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213061108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pushpa-completes-2-years-rashmika-mandannas-saami-saami-song-is-everyones-favorite/articleshow/106057827.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Snoop Dogg shares viral video of girl grooving to Pushpa song Saami, Rashmika Mandanna reacts: 'Love it' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/snoop-dogg-shares-viral-video-of-girl-grooving-to-pushpa-song-saami-rashmika-mandanna-8239930/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109054619/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/snoop-dogg-shares-viral-video-of-girl-grooving-to-pushpa-song-saami-rashmika-mandanna-8239930/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There were many short videos created on social media, performing to the music and recreating dance sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=Kili Paul delights fans with his dance performance on Pushpa song Saami Saami. Watch viral video |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/kili-paul-delights-fans-with-his-dance-performance-on-pushpa-song-saami-saami-watch-viral-video-1898566-2022-01-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710142628/https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/kili-paul-delights-fans-with-his-dance-performance-on-pushpa-song-saami-saami-watch-viral-video-1898566-2022-01-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Video: David Warner's daughters groove to 'Pushpa' song 'Saami Saami'; Allu Arjun reacts |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/viral/watch-video-david-warners-daughters-groove-to-pushpa-song-saami-saami-allu-arjun-reacts |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627212045/https://www.freepressjournal.in/viral/watch-video-david-warners-daughters-groove-to-pushpa-song-saami-saami-allu-arjun-reacts |url-status=live }}</ref> Many celebrities have also recreated the hook-step at various events.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-12 |title=From Salman Khan to Ranbir Kapoor: Bollywood celebrities that were swayed by Srivalli Rashmika Mandanna's 'Saami Saami' craze |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/from-salman-khan-to-ranbir-kapoor-bollywood-celebrities-that-were-swayed-by-srivalli-rashmika-mandannas-saami-saami-craze/articleshow/115214354.cms |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113013417/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/from-salman-khan-to-ranbir-kapoor-bollywood-celebrities-that-were-swayed-by-srivalli-rashmika-mandannas-saami-saami-craze/articleshow/115214354.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-11 |title=Maitreyi Ramakrishnan's dance on Saami Saami from Never Have I Ever goes viral. OG Rashmika Mandanna reacts |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/maitreyi-ramakrishnans-dance-on-saami-saami-from-never-have-i-ever-goes-viral-og-rashmika-mandanna-reacts-2391681-2023-06-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125174210/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/maitreyi-ramakrishnans-dance-on-saami-saami-from-never-have-i-ever-goes-viral-og-rashmika-mandanna-reacts-2391681-2023-06-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-01 |title=Sunil Gavaskar's Dance Moves To 'Saami Saami' During IPL 2023 Opening Ceremony Win The Internet - watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2023-sunil-gavaskars-dance-moves-to-saami-saami-during-opening-ceremony-win-the-internet-watch-article-99168436 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=2 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402153213/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2023-sunil-gavaskars-dance-moves-to-saami-saami-during-opening-ceremony-win-the-internet-watch-article-99168436 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rashmika Mandanna performed to the song at the opening ceremony of [[2023 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023: Rashmika Mandanna Sets Stage on Fire With Saami Saami, Naatu Naatu at GT vs CSK Match |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/ipl-2023-opening-ceremony-rashmika-mandanna-alia-bhatt-saami-saami-pushpa-csk-7434127.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407223151/https://www.news18.com/movies/ipl-2023-opening-ceremony-rashmika-mandanna-alia-bhatt-saami-saami-pushpa-csk-7434127.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2023 Opening Ceremony: Rashmika Mandanna Floors Fans With Her Super Energetic Dance Moves On Naatu Naatu, Saami Saami - Watch |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/ipl-2023-opening-ceremony-rashmika-mandanna-floors-fans-with-her-super-energetic-dance-moves-on-naatu-naatu-saami-saami-watch-2589934.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> She has also performed to the song at the [[Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine Awards 2023]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-21 |title=From 'Srivalli', 'Saami Saami' to 'Ranjithame': National Crush Rashmika Mandanna gives a whistle-worthy performance at an awards event! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/from-srivalli-saami-saami-to-ranjithame-national-crush-rashmika-mandanna-gives-a-whistle-worthy-performance-at-an-awards-event/articleshow/98853903.cms |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325154354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/from-srivalli-saami-saami-to-ranjithame-national-crush-rashmika-mandanna-gives-a-whistle-worthy-performance-at-an-awards-event/articleshow/98853903.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Tamil version of the song is featured in the last episode of the final season of American television series [[Never Have I Ever (TV series)|''Never Have I Ever'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-06-10 |title=Rashmika Mandanna showers love on Maitreyi Ramakrishnan's Saami Saami performance |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/english/news/2023/Jun/10/rashmika-mandanna-showers-love-on-maitreyi-ramakrishnans-saami-saami-performance-44458.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213061032/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/english/news/2023/Jun/10/rashmika-mandanna-showers-love-on-maitreyi-ramakrishnans-saami-saami-performance-44458.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashmika Mandanna and Maitreyi Ramakrishnan's sweet exchange on twitter must not be missed {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rashmika-mandanna-and-maitreyi-ramakrishnans-sweet-exchange-on-twitter-must-not-be-missed-59089.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612122703/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rashmika-mandanna-and-maitreyi-ramakrishnans-sweet-exchange-on-twitter-must-not-be-missed-59089.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Devi ([[Maitreyi Ramakrishnan]]) and Kamala ([[Richa Moorjani]]) danced to the song at the wedding ceremony, in the episode.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Devi Sri Prasad 'feels really good' about 'Saami Saami' featuring in Never Have I Ever, gives an update on Pushpa The Rule's music |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/devi-sri-prasad-feels-really-good-about-saami-saami-featuring-in-never-have-i-ever-4-gives-update-pushpa-the-rules-8655742/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611070415/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/devi-sri-prasad-feels-really-good-about-saami-saami-featuring-in-never-have-i-ever-4-gives-update-pushpa-the-rules-8655742/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{YouTube|id=C70GJYVoZ4Y|title=''Saami Saami'' (full video version)}}
* {{YouTube|id=-ZAnN6groJw|title=''Saami Saami'' (lyrical)}}
{{Pushpa (film series)}}{{Devi Sri Prasad}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Telugu]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Chandrabose (lyricist)]]
[[Category:Songs written for films]]
[[Category:Songs written for Telugu films]]
[[Category:Songs from Pushpa (film series)]]

Gurdeep Singh Randhawa

2026-01-05T13:50:10Z

TessaLovins0: Creating Initial Biography First Draft...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Dera Baba Nanak Assembly constituency|Dera Baba Nanak]]
| term_start = 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
}}
'''Gurdeep Singh Randhawa''' is an Indian politician from Punjab. He is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]] since 2024, representing [[Dera Baba Nanak Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Setback for Congress in Dera Baba Nanak, AAP’s Gurdeep Randhawa wins |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/setback-for-congress-in-dera-baba-nanak-aap-s-gurdeep-randhawa-wins-101732353727367-amp.html |website=hindustantimes.com |access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dera Baba Nanak: किसान गुरदीप रंधावा बने विधायक, कांटे की टक्कर में कांग्रेस सांसद की पत्नी को हराया, हिसाब किया चुकता |url=https://www.amarujala.com/amp/punjab/aap-candidate-gurdeep-singh-randhawa-won-in-dera-baba-nanak-by-election-congress-mp-wife-defeat-2024-11-23 |website=Amar Ujala |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Punjab bypoll: AAP's Gurdeep Singh Randhawa wins Dera Baba Nanak seat |url=https://theprint.in/india/punjab-bypoll-aaps-gurdeep-singh-randhawa-wins-dera-baba-nanak-seat/2370483/ |website=ThePrint |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024}}</ref>

==Assets and liabilities declared during elections==
During the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], he declared Rs. 4,03,55,000 as an overall financial asset and Rs. 80,54,847 as financial liability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurdeep Singh(AAP):Constituency- DERA BABA NANAK(GURDASPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/punjab2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=54 |website=www.myneta.info |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Randhawa, Gurdeep Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{PunjabIN-AAP-politician-stub}}

Bijapur taluk

2025-12-13T05:52:14Z

TessaLovins0: Creating A Article W/ Refs...

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bijapur Taluk
| official_name = Vijayapura Taluka
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = kn
| other_name = Bijapur Taluka
| settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 8
| mapframe-point = none
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|16.75|N|75.68|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name =
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[South India]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bijapur]]
| parts_type = Towns / [[Villages]]
| parts = 1 / 131
| government_type = Taluka Panchayat
| governing_body = Bijapur Taluka Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2648
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 721075
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code = + 91 (0) 8352
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = [[Bijapur]] [[List of RTO districts in India#KA.E2.80.94Karnataka|KA]]- 28
| website = {{URL|vijayapura.nic.in}}
| iso_code = 
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
}}

'''Bijapur Taluk''', officially '''Vijayapura Taluka''', is a taluka in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. It is located in the [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur district]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Blocks of Bijapur, Karnataka|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewAdminLocations.asp?selstate=530&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107032423/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewAdminLocations.asp?selstate=530&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archivedate=7 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The administrative centre for Bijapur Taluka is in the city of [[Bijapur]]. The taluka is located in the southwest quadrant of the district.<ref name="Bijapur-Rivers-Map">{{cite web|title=Map Showing Rivers in Bijapur District|publisher=Bijapur District|url=http://www.bijapur.nic.in/Images/Bjp_Rivers.png|access-date=30 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430020941/http://www.bijapur.nic.in/Images/Bjp_Rivers.png|archive-date=30 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 2011 census there were forty-six [[panchayat village]]s in Bijapur Taluka.<ref name=NPD-Bijapur-Bijapur>{{cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Bijapur, Bijapur, Karnataka|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=5794&parenttype=B&ptype=V |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107032423/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=5794&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archivedate=7 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The main river in the taluka is the Don River.<ref name="Bijapur-Rivers-Map"/>

==Geography==
Bijapur Taluka is in the southwestern part of Bijapur District, with Maharashtra state and Indi Taluka to the north, Sindagi Taluka and Basavana Bagewadi Taluka to the east, [[Bagalkot District]] to the south, and [[Belgaum District]] and Maharashtra state to the west.<ref name="Bijapur-Rivers-Map"/> It covers {{convert|2659.24|sqkm|sqmi|2}}, which is slightly more than a quarter (25.24%) of the district.<ref name="Stats-10-11">{{cite web|title=District Statistics for Year 2010 - 2011|publisher=Bijapur District|url=http://www.bijapur.nic.in/PDF/Bijapur_dist_stat10_11.pdf|access-date=30 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430023251/http://www.bijapur.nic.in/PDF/Bijapur_dist_stat10_11.pdf|archive-date=30 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
In the 2001 India census, Bijapur Taluka reported 569,348 inhabitants, with 292,687 males (51.4%) and 276,661 females (48.6%), for a gender ratio of 945 females per 1000 males.<ref name="Stats-10-11"/> Those 569,348 people represent 31.51% of the people in Bijapur District. Based upon households, the taluka was 45.2% urban in 2001; but based upon individuals it was only 44.6% urban.<ref name="Stats-10-11"/> In either case, Bijapur Taluka was the most urban in the district.<ref name="Stats-10-11"/> The population density was 214 people per square kilometer, and as expected was the densest in the district.<ref name="Stats-10-11"/> The overall literacy rate was 51.7%, the highest in the district.<ref name="Stats-10-11"/> In terms of religion in 2001, Bijapur Taluka was 77.2% Hindu, 21.4% Muslim, 1.6% Christian, and 0.8% Jain. That was the lowest Hindu percentage in the district, and the highest Muslim, the highest Christian and the highest Jain percentages in the district.<ref name="Stats-10-11"/>

Bijapur Taluka had one city, Bijapur C.M.C., and 118 villages, all of them inhabited. Of those villages forty-six were [[Gram panchayat|panchayat village]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=District Statistics for Year 2010 - 2011|publisher=Bijapur District|page=42|url=http://www.bijapur.nic.in/PDF/Bijapur_dist_stat10_11.pdf|access-date=30 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430023251/http://www.bijapur.nic.in/PDF/Bijapur_dist_stat10_11.pdf|archive-date=30 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Electoral constituencies==
For the Indian Parliament, the [[Lok Sabha]], Bijapur Taluka participates in the [[Bijapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijapur constituency]].

==Transport==
Bijapur Taluka has five of the eighteen railroad stations in the district. There are 106 kilometres of National Highway in the taluka, 139 kilometres of State Highways and 638 km of major district roads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3fa14d4fe2f19414de3ebd9f63d5c0169/uploads/2018/07/20180710100.pdf|title=District Statistics for Year 2015 - 2016 section 9.2|last=|first=|date=|website=Vijayapura district official website|publisher=Bijapur District|access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> The main highways in the taluka are the renumbered [[National Highway 50 (India)|National Highway 50]] and [[National Highway 52 (India)|National Highway 52]] (old NH13 and NH218).<ref>{{cite web|title=Bijapur Road Map|publisher=India maps online|url=http://www.indiamapsonline.com/state-map/karnataka/road-map/Bijapur-image.html}}</ref> Additionally, the taluk is also served by newly declared [[National Highway 166E (India)|National Highway 166E]] and [[National Highway 561A (India)|National Highway 561A]].

==Points of interest in taluka==
*The mausoleum of [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]] was built in 1659 and is topped by a large dome, the second largest dome, unsupported by pillars, in the world.<ref>The largest dome, unsupported by pillars, is St. Peter's in [[Vatican City]].</ref>

==Villages==
'''Villages in Vijayapur Taluk'''

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*Adavisangapur
*[[Aheri, Karnataka|Aheri]]
*[[Ainapur, Bijapur|Ainapur]]
*Agasanahalli
*[[Alaginal]]
*[[Aliyabad]]
*[[Ankalagi, Bijapur|Ankalagi]]
*[[Arakeri, Bijapur|Arakeri]]
*[[Arjunagi]]
*Atalatti
*Babaladi
*[[Babaleshwar]]
*Babanagar
*Baratagi
*Bellubbi
*[[Bijjaragi]]
*[[Bolachikkalaki]]
*Bommanalli
*Buranpur
*Bhutnal
{{col-break}}
*Chikkagalagali
*[[Chintamani, Karnataka|Chintamani]]
*Dadamatti
*Danawadahatti
*Dasyal
*Devapur
*Devar Gennur
*Dhanaragi
*Dhanyal
*Domanal
*Dudihal
*[[Dyaberi]]
*Gonasagi
*Gugadaddi
*[[Gunadal]]
*Gunaki
*[[Hoovina Hadagali|Hadagali]]
*Halagani
*Hanchinal (PH)
*Hanchinal (PM)
{{col-break}}
*Hangaragi
*[[Hanamasagar]]
*Harnal
*Hebbalahatti
*Hegadihal
*[[Hittinahalli, Bijapur|Hittinahalli]]
*Hokkundi
*Honaganahalli
*[[Honawad]]
*[[Honnāli]]
*Honnutagi
*[[Hosur]]
*Hubanur
*Hunsyal
*Inganal
*Itangihal
*[[Jainapur]]
*[[Jalageri]]
*Jambagi (A)
*Jambagi (H)
{{col-break}}
*Jumnal
*Kaggod
*Kakanagiri
*Kakhandaki
*Khilarahatti
*[[Krishnanagar, Karnataka|Krishnanagar]]
*Kallakavatagi
*[[Kambagi]]
*Kanabur
*[[Kanamadi]]
*Kanamuchanal
*[[Kannal]]
*[[Kannur]]
*Karjol
*[[Katakanahalli]]
*[[Katnalli]]
*[[Katral]]
*Kaulagi
*Kengalagutti
*Khatijapur
*[[Kotabagi]]
{{col-break}}
*Kotyal
*[[Kamatagi]]
*Kumate
*[[Lingadahalli]]
*Lohagaon
*Madagunaki
*Madasanal
*[[Madabhavi]]
*Makanapur
*Malakandevarahatti
*Mamadapur
*Mangalur
*Minchinal
*[[Nagaral]]
*[[Nagathan]]
*Nandyal
*Navarasapur
*[[Nidoni]]
*Ratnapur
{{col-break}}
*Rambhapur
*Rampur
*Sangapur (SH)
*[[Sarawad]]
*Savanalli
*[[Shegunashi]]
*Shirabur
*Shirnal
*[[Shivanagi]]
*Siddapur
*Siddapur K
*Somadevarahatti
*Sutagundi
*Tajapur
*Tajapur H
*Takkalaki
*Tidagundi
*Tiganibidari
*[[Tikota]]
*Tonsyal
{{col-break}}
*Toravi
*Ukumanal
*Uppaladinni
*Utnal
*Yakkundi
*Yatnal
{{col-end}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|title=Bijapur Taluk: Zilla Panchayath Constituencies|publisher=Bijapur District|url=http://www.bijapur.nic.in/Images/BIJAPUR_ZP.jpg|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702103258/http://www.bijapur.nic.in/Images/BIJAPUR_ZP.jpg|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 July 2013}}
*{{cite web|title=Bijapur Taluk: Taluk Panchayath Constituencies|publisher=Bijapur District|url=http://www.bijapur.nic.in/Images/BIJAPUR_TP.jpg|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702093649/http://www.bijapur.nic.in/Images/BIJAPUR_TP.jpg|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 July 2013}}
{{-}}

[[Category:Taluks of Karnataka]]

Dharam Singh (Sikhism)

2025-12-04T16:33:14Z

TessaLovins0:

{{Short description|Sikh saint}}
{{Other uses|Dharam Singh (disambiguation)}}
{{more footnotes|date=May 2012}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
| name = Dharam Singh
| honorific prefix = Bhai / Pyare
| honorific suffix = Ji
| image = [[File:Dharam Singh (Panj Pyare).png|75px]]
| caption = Dharam Singh, one of the inaugural/original Panj Pyare, depicted in an old Sikh fresco from inside an abandoned Sikh samadhi located in Kot Fateh Khan, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
| known_for = Member of the original, inaugural Panj Pyare; was the fourth or second to answer the call by the Guru for a head
| birth_date = 1666
| birth_place = Near Ganges River, Hastinapur (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
| birthname = Dharam Das
| father = Sant Ram
| mother = Mai Sabho
| death_date = 1708 (aged 42)
| death_place = Nanded, India
| death_cause = Martyrdom
| native_name = ਧਰਮ ਸਿੰਘ
| native_name_lang = pa
| institute = Khalsa
| office1 = Panj Pyare
| term_start1 = 1699
| term_end1 = 1708
| occupation = Agriculturalist
}}

{{Panj Pyare}}
'''Dharam Singh''' ({{Langx|pa|ਧਰਮ ਸਿੰਘ}} {{Small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}; 1666–1708), born as '''Dharam Das''', was one of the original [[Panj Pyare]] or the Five Beloved, the forerunners of the [[Khalsa]].

== Biography ==
He was the son of Chaudhary Sant Ram and Mai Sabho of the village [[Hastinapur]] (modern-day [[Meerut District]], Uttar Pradesh, India). He was born into the [[Jats|Jat]] caste. Originally said to be fourth position of the inaugural group of Panj Pyare according to older historical sources, he was upgraded to second in-position by later sources.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPYTEAAAQBAJ&dq=bhai+dharam+singh+caste&pg=PA45 |title=The Cherished Five in Sikh History |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-753284-3 |page=45 |language=en}}</ref>

Dharam Singh reunited with and accompanied the Guru in the [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa region]] in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Chamkaur|Second Battle of Chamkaur]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Patwant |title=The Sikhs |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |year=2007 |isbn=9780307429339 |quote=Both Ajit Singh and Jujhar Singh, along with Mohkam Singh and Himmat Singh, two of the original five ''panjpiyare'', were killed in hand-to-hand combat. The Sikhs, by then reduced to the Guru and three others, Daya Singh, Dharam Singh and Man Singh, managed to evade the enemy and head for territory favourable to the regrouping of a resurgent Khalsa. But this tragic phase was still to reach its nadir. With the break of dawn-after leaving Chamkaur at the dead of night-the Guru found himself separated from his companions and alone in the heart of the Machhiwara forest. He was without food, shelter or his trusted mount, his mind filled with thoughts of Mughal betrayal and the loss of his men and sons; only his iron will sustained him in that bleak hour. As luck would have it his three companions, following the route they had agreed upon, were eventually reunited with him. The four, with the help of loyal Sikhs and at least three friendly Muslims, made their way through the enemy patrols who were searching for them. They finally reached the village of Jatpura where the Guru was warmly received by the Muslim chief of the area, Rai Kalha.}}</ref> He, alongside Bhai Daya Singh, were the two Sikhs entrusted with delivering the Guru's ''[[Zafarnama (letter)|Zafarnama]]'' letter to Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |volume=I: A-D |pages=484–485}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |title=The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780199931439 |pages=24–25}}</ref> They were dispatched from either Kangar village, [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]] or Dina village, [[Moga district|Moga]], for this purpose.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":12" />

He was seen as the [[reincarnation]] of [[Bhagat Dhanna]] in early Sikh literature.<ref name="McLeod11">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |edition=3rd |page=99 |quote=DHARAM SINGH (1666–1708). One of the Panj Piare. A Jat Sikh who, based on 18th-century Sikh manuscripts, was at least at this time considered to be an avatar of the Jat Bhagat Dhanna. |authorlink1=W. H. McLeod}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |title=The Cherished Five in Sikh History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780197532843 |pages=53–54}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*Kuir Singh, Gurbilas Patshahi 10. Patiala, 1968
*Chhibbar, Kesar Singh, Bansavalinama Das Patshahian Ka. Chandigarh, 1972
*Santokh Singh, Bhai, Gur Pratap Suraj Granth. Amritsar 1926-37
*Macauliffe, Max Arthur, The Sikh Religion. Oxford, 1909
*Harbans Singh, Guru Gobind Singh. Chandigarh, 1966

{{Sikhism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Dharam}}
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:1666 births]]
[[Category:1708 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Sikh martyrs]]
[[Category:Sikh saints]]

Sinapali

2025-11-22T16:14:30Z

TessaLovins0:

{{Short description|Town in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sinapali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village/Town
| image_skyline = Sinapali.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.0974|N|82.646|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| governing_body = Gram Panchayat Samiti
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 9,987
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Sinapalia
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Sambalpuri language| Sambalpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 766108
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06677
| registration_plate = OD, OR
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 50.3:49.7 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|odisha.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = Adhiraj Mohan Panigrahi
| leader_title1 = [[Member of parliament|MP]]
| leader_name1 = Basanta Kumar Panda
}}

'''Sinapali''' is the main town in Sinapali Tehsil in the south of [[Nuapada District]] in [[Odisha]], [[India]].

It is located on the bank of Udanti River, {{convert|95|km}} south of the district headquarters of [[Nuapada]] (via road [[NH59]]) and {{convert|450|km|abbr=on}} from [[Odisha]]'s capital [[Bhubaneswar]]. The village has a [[Gram panchayat]] (local governing council). Its total geographical area is {{convert|297|ha}}.

==Administration==
Sinapali is a Panchayat Samiti block and [[Tehsil|Tahasil]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Tahasil Sinapali Village List {{!}} Nuapada District, Government of Odisha {{!}} India | url=https://nuapada.nic.in/tahasil-sinapali-village-list/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124035226/https://nuapada.nic.in/tahasil-sinapali-village-list/ | access-date=2024-12-27 | archive-date=2020-11-24}}</ref> in Nuapada District of Odisha. The administrative head of the block is Block Development Officer (BDO''').'''
Many block-level offices are located here, including:-
*Tahasil Office<ref>{{Cite web | title=Tahasil Office Sinapali {{!}} Nuapada District, Government of Odisha {{!}} India | url=https://nuapada.nic.in/directory/tahasil-office-sinapali/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731021942/https://nuapada.nic.in/directory/tahasil-office-sinapali/ | access-date=2024-12-27 | archive-date=2021-07-31}}</ref>
*Block Education Office
*[[Police station|Police Station]]
*[[Fire station|Fire Station]]
*Community Health Center
*Regional Agriculture Office

===Government===
Sinapali Panchayat Samiti have a Chairman in its Block level.

===Gram Panchayat===
There are 27 Gram Panchyats.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rdcsdbmp.nic.in/nuapada-district-grampanchayat/ | title=Nuapada District Grampanchayat | Southern Revenue Division, Odisha, India | India | access-date=14 May 2023 | archive-date=14 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514150141/https://rdcsdbmp.nic.in/nuapada-district-grampanchayat/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/Data/Census_2011/Map/Orissa/00_Orissa.pdf|title=Sinapali Population – Nuapada, Orissa|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622011329/http://censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/Data/Census_2011/Map/Orissa/00_Orissa.pdf|url-status=live}} "Sinapali-orissa on census2011-co-in</ref> Sinapali had the following population characteristics:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Number of households || 1,315
|-
| Total population || 5,069
|-
| Total males || 2,769
|-
| Total females || 2,553
|-
| Total {{abbr|SC|scheduled caste}} population || 536
|-
| Total {{abbr|ST|scheduled tribe}} population || 353
|-
| Literacy rate || 75.81%
|-
| Worker population || 1,553
|}
Males make up 50.3% of Sinapali's population, whereas 49.7% of the population is female.{{relevance inline|date=May 2020}}

The main languages spoken in the Sinpali and [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]] districts are [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]], [[Chhattisgarhi language|Laria]]. [[Odia language|Odia]] and [[English language|English]] is used in schools in Odisha for higher education.

==Economy==
Sinapali's economy, like the rest of the Nuapada district, depends mainly upon its agricultural and forestry activities. Locals produce [[non-timber forest product]]s such as the [[Madhuca longifolia|mahua]] flower, harida, bahada, and tol. Local agriculture is challenging due to limited irrigation facilities (less than 15%, only half of the state average).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nuapada.nic.in/economy/|title=Nuapada Economy|access-date=2020-04-30|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925074131/https://nuapada.nic.in/economy/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nuapada district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nuapada district]]
[[Category:Nuapada district]]

National Highway 752E (India)

2025-11-22T08:43:42Z

TessaLovins0: Creating Initial Stub With Sources

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 752E
| length_km = 115.2
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q56257064|title=National Highway 752E|text= Map of National Highway '''752E''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = [[Paithan]]
| terminus_b = [[Kharda]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 52
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route =
| next_route =
| states = [[Maharashtra]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 752E''', commonly referred to as '''NH 752E''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/173465.pdf|title=New national highways notifications dated Jan, 2017|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=24 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=24 Aug 2018}}</ref> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 52 (India)|National Highway 52]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=24 Aug 2018}}</ref> NH-752E traverses the state of [[Maharashtra]] in India.

== Route ==

[[Paithan]], Mungi, Bodhegaon, Ghoanaspargaon, Ukhanda Chakla, Midsangvi, Shirur Kasar, Rakshasbhuwan, Kholyachiwadi, Kharegaon, Dongarkinhi, Chumbli, [[Patoda]], Pargaon(Ghumra), Dighol and terminating at Kharda
Tintraj, Dandegaon, Khandeshwarwadi, Ratnapur, Anala,
Kandari, Paranda, Mungshi, Loni,
Bitargaon, Kave, Mahadeowadi, Pandharpur .

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

: NH 752F Terminal near Paithan.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|61|country=IND}}
: {{jct|NH|561|country=IND}}
: {{jct|NH|548D|country=IND}} near Patoda.

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/8057522 NH 752E on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH52 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Maharashtra]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Punit Goenka

2025-11-22T05:18:58Z

TessaLovins0: Created Details

{{Short description|Managing director and CEO of Zee Entertainment Enterprises}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Punit Goenka
| image = Mr. Punit Goenka.jpg
| caption = Goenka in 2016
| spouse = Shreyasi
| partner = 
| children =
| mother = Sushila Devi
| father = [[Subhash Chandra]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rediff.com/money/report/what-is-subhash-chandras-rs-22535-cr-essel-group-up-to/20161129.htm | title=What is Subhash Chandra's Rs 22,535-cr Essel group up to? | first=Vanita | last=Kohli-Khandekar | publisher=Rediff | date=29 November 2016 | access-date=4 February 2020 }}</ref>
| relatives = [[Amit Goenka]] (Brother)
| family =
| education = B.Com, [[University of Mumbai]]
| birth_place = India
| occupation = {{hlist|Chief executive & Managing Director of [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]}}
| organization = [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] (ZEEL)
}}
'''Punit Goenka''' is the managing director and chief executive officer of [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]. Goenka is the elder son of [[Essel Group]] chairman [[Subhash Chandra]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.businessinsider.in/advertising/media/news/punit-goenka-reappointed-as-md-and-ceo-for-zeel/articleshow/71933338.cms|title=Punit Goenka reappointed as MD and CEO for ZEEL|publisher=Business Insider|access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref> Goenka grew up and studied in several and [[Mumbai]]—before moving to [[Institut Le Rosey]], a boarding school in [[Rolle]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qDaZ1JBw7sW1tEbX8UCr1N/Punit-Goenka-The-mark-of-Z.html|title=Punit Goenka: The mark of Z|publisher=Live Mint|access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> He was elected as the President of [[Indian Broadcasting Foundation]] (IBF) in September 2016 for a period of one year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/indian-broadcasting-foundation-elects-punit-goenka-as-president/articleshow/53980967.cms|title=Indian Broadcasting Foundation elects Punit Goenka as president|work=The Economic Times |date=2 September 2016 |publisher=Economic Times|access-date=22 July 2017 |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav }}</ref> He holds a bachelor's degree, B.Com from [[University of Mumbai]] 1995.

Training initially within Essel Group, Goenka's first assignment, in 1993, was selling amusement park packages for [[Essel World]] to schools in [[Virar]], [[Mumbai]]. He was assistant to the head of Essel Packaging, the floor supervisor of a factory, and executive assistant to his father for six months. He then joined [[Zee Music Company]]. He was put in charge of organizing funding for Agrani—a programme to launch the group's own satellite. He helped launch [[Dish TV]], working with his uncle, Jawahar Goel, for a year in [[Delhi]]. He then moved back to [[Mumbai]] and ran [[Zee Sports]]. In 2005, he was appointed business head of [[Zee TV]] where he ran the content for the entire network. In 2008, he took over as CEO from Pradeep Guha.
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qDaZ1JBw7sW1tEbX8UCr1N/Punit-Goenka-The-mark-of-Z.html|title=Punit Goenka: The mark of Z|publisher=Live Mint|access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref>

Goenka is married to Shreyasi, an art patron and co-director of the Saat Saath Arts Foundation and they have two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livemint.com/Companies/qDaZ1JBw7sW1tEbX8UCr1N/Punit-Goenka-The-mark-of-Z.html|title=Punit Goenka: The mark of Z|publisher=Live Mint|access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Punit-Goenka-Taking-It-To-A-Higher-Altitude-/13-06-2018-151893/|title=Punit Goenka: Taking It To A Higher Altitude|publisher=Business World|access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref>

== Family ==
Punit Goenka's parents are Subhash Chandra and Sushila Devi. His brother is Amit Goenka.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

== Legal issues ==
On 12 June 2023, the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) barred Punit Goenka, along with [[Subhash Chandra]], from holding the directorial positions in any listed company. This action has been taken in response to allegations of siphoning off the funds for their personal benefits from their listed entities, as stated in SEBI's interim order.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Zee Entertainment shares plunge 7% after Sebi bars Subash Chandra, Punit Goenka from holding directorial roles |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/market/zee-entertainment-shares-plunge-sebi-subash-chandra-punit-goenka-8659940/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=After Sebi order on Subhash Chandra, Punit Goenka, Zee share price falls over 6% |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/after-sebi-order-on-subhash-chandra-punit-goenka-zee-share-price-to-be-in-focus-11686624851405.html |website=livemint.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In the matter of Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd. |url=https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2023-06/2b80061f-7dbd-468a-857d-03b55e131648/SEBI_Subhash_Chandra_order.pdf |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=images.assettype.com}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
Goenka was awarded the Business Today ‘Best CEO Award’ in the Media and Entertainment category for 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-07-20 |title=Punit Goenka, MD & CEO of ZEEL, Features Amongst Top 3 CEOs in Consumer Discretionary Space Across Asia |url=http://www.india.com/business/punit-goenka-md-ceo-of-zeel-features-amongst-top-3-ceos-in-consumer-discretionary-space-across-asia-2336962/ |access-date=2017-11-16 |work=India.com |language=en}}</ref> He has also received MIPTV's Médaille d'Honneur Award 2016,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-zeel-s-leaders-punit-goenka-amit-goenka-receive-miptv-s-top-television-honour-2199493|title=ZEEL's leaders Punit Goenka, Amit Goenka receive MIPTV's top television honour {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2016-04-07|work=dna|access-date=2017-11-16|language=en-US}}</ref> Economic Times ‘40 Under Forty’ India's Hottest Business Leaders Award 2014,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-business/punit-goenka-receives-the-economic-times--40-under-forty-indias-hottest-business-leaders-award-2014-114050200168_1.html|title=Punit Goenka receives The Economic Times – '40 under Forty' - India's Hottest Business Leaders Award 2014|last=indiainfoline.com|access-date=2017-11-16|language=en}}</ref> the ‘Young CEO Award’ by CEO India magazine in 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.televisionpost.com/television/punit-goenka-receives-young-ceo-award/|title=Punit Goenka receives 'Young CEO Award' {{!}} TelevisionPost.com|website=www.televisionpost.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315145211/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/punit-goenka-receives-young-ceo-award/|archive-date=15 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the IAA Leadership Award 2014 under the category of ‘Media Person of the Year Award’. Goenka has also been recognized as the ‘Entrepreneur of the Year’ during the Asia Pacific Entrepreneurship Awards 2014. Punit was felicitated as the ‘IMPACT Person of the Year’ in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/TV/The-silent-leaderIMPACT-Person-of-the-Year-2014-Punit-Goenka_58420.html|title=The silent leader: IMPACT Person of the Year 2014 Punit Goenka|work=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=2017-11-16|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Essel Group}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goenka, Punit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Alumni of Institut Le Rosey]]
[[Category:Indian mass media owners]]
[[Category:Marwari people]]
[[Category:People from Hisar district]]
[[Category:Indian television executives]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Haryana]]

Kali River (Karnataka)

2025-10-29T07:55:31Z

TessaLovins0: quick fix

{{short description|River in Karnataka, India}}
{{Other uses|Kali River (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Kali River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size =
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = Karnataka
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Uttara Kannada]]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length_km = 265
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location= Karwar, India
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|152|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}


| source1 = Diggi village, Karnataka
| source1_location = Joida taluk
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = Arabian Sea
| mouth_location = [[Karwar]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
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}}

[[File:Sadashivgad Fort & Kali Bridge as seen from Nandangadda Village.jpg|thumb|Kali River & [[Sadashivgad]] Fort as seen from [[Nandangadda]] Village]]
The '''Kali River''' or '''Kaali Nadi''' is a [[river]] flowing through [[Uttara Kannada]] district of [[Karnataka]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{GEOnet2|32FA8822EC573774E0440003BA962ED3|Kālī Nadī (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> The river rises near Kushavali, a small village in Uttar Kannada district. The river is the lifeline to some 400,000 people in the Uttara Kannada district and supports the livelihoods of tens of thousands of people including fishermen on the coast of [[Karwar]]. Many dams have been built across this river for [[electricity]] generation. One of the important dams build across Kali river is the [[Supa Dam]] at Ganeshgudi. The river runs 184 kilometers before joining the [[Arabian Sea]].<ref name=IHO>{{cite web|url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|page=21|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|archive-date=8 October 2011}}</ref>

Significant and picturesque, the [[Sadashivgad]] fort is now a popular tourist destination located by the coastal highway Kali river bridge, which has been built above the confluence of the river and the [[Arabian Sea]].<ref name=IHO />

The National Highway [[NH-17]] continues on the Kali [[Bridge]] built over Kali River and the road continues to split the Sadashivgad granite rock hill to connect Karnataka to [[Goa]].

[[File:Kali River Karwar Karnataka India.jpg|thumb|A view of Kali River]]
In August 2019 due to excessive rains in the region it caused flooding and loss of property and animal life due to the floods which took place when a huge amount of water was discharged on the downstream area. Many people lost their houses and moved to rehabilitation services provided by the government.

== Origin and course ==

The Kali River has its origin near the village of Kushavali of Joida Taluka, {{Coord|15|14|56|N|074|17|58|E|display=inline}}, 2011 Census Village code is 602664,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Bazaar Kulang Gram Panchayat, Supa, Uttar Kannad, Karnataka|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=223801&rlbtype=V|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702103730/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=223801&rlbtype=V|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 July 2013}}</ref> in the [[Western Ghats]] and flows eastwards into the Supa Dam Reservoir,<ref>The former village of Supa, which gave its name to the dam and the taluka, was drowned when the reservoir was created. For its location see {{Citation|title=Belgaum|series=series U502, sheet ND 43-02|format=topographic map, 1:250,000|publisher=United States Army Map Service|date=May 1960|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nd-43-02.jpg}}</ref> where it is joined by the Pandri River from the left (north). The Kali exits at [[Supa Dam]] near Kurandi then flows east towards [[Dandeli]]. Passing south of Dandeli, the Kali River flows southeast into the Bommanalli Reservoir, exiting at the dam and flowing east between the villages of Kegdal on the right (south) and Bommanalli<ref>Bommanalli, Haliyal Taluka, {{Coord|15|10|04|N|074|42|39|E|display=inline}}, 2011 Census Village code = 602800, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Bhagvati Gram Panchayat, Haliyal, Uttar Kannad, Karnataka|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=223658&rlbtype=V|access-date=16 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416205855/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=223658&rlbtype=V|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> on the left (north). After the village of Bommanalli the Kali turns south and at {{Coord|15|05|21|N|074|43|57|E|display=inline}} is joined by the Tattihalla River from the left (west). controller and Tunnel is there in Bhagavathi. At that point the Kali turns west and flows through a gorge which ends at Sathodi Falls below Sykes Point. The Kali is then joined by the Kaneri River from the right (north) at {{Coord|15|03|52|N|074|36|17|E|display=inline}}, and flows south-southwest into [[Kodasalli Dam|Kodasalli Reservoir]]. Leaving that reservoir, the Kali River flows west and is joined by the Vuki Halla from the right (north). Whence it flows southwest into the [[Kadra Dam|Kadra Reservoir]], and is joined by the Thana Halla just below the dam at Kadra.<ref>{{Citation|title=Karwar|series=series U502, sheet ND 43-02|format=topographic map, 1:250,000|publisher=United States Army Map Service|date=March 1960|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nd-43-06.jpg}}</ref> From Kadra, the Kali flows west through marshland to join the [[Arabian Sea]] near the town of [[Karwar]]. The river flows entirely through the district of [[Uttara Kannada]].{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

[[File:Leisure boats on Kali River.jpg|thumb|Leisure boats on Kali River]]


== Pollution and ecology ==

Treated effluents released directly into the river by industrial units and [[illegal sand mining]] in the Supa Dam area resulted in serious disturbances to the river's ecology. The government strategy for controlling the pollution from illegal sand mining has produced a cleaner river.<ref>{{Cite news |author=ಸುದ್ದಿಲೋಕ, ವಿಕ (Suddiloka, Vika) |date=11 April 2013 |title=ಕಾಳಿ ನದಿ: ರಕ್ಷಣೆಗೆ ಹೊಸ ಕಾರ್ಯತಂತ್ರ (Kali River: the protection of a new strategy) |url=http://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19479439.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417035931/http://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19479439.cms |archive-date=17 April 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=kn}}</ref> The releases from a papermill have drawn crocodiles to the [[Anshi Dandeli Tiger Reserve]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2011 |title=Industrial pollution brings crocodile tears |url=http://newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=46897&date=2011-12-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417044317/http://newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=46897&date=2011-12-13 |archive-date=17 April 2013 |newspaper=The News Today |location=Dhaka, Bangladesh}}</ref> Although there is no credible evidence, some tend to believe that chemical and petroleum companies near its estuary have been leaking toxic wastes including mercury, as alleged by some, into the Kali River for decades, impacts of which have not yet been seen or confirmed.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

The releases from a papermill have drawn crocodiles to the [[Anshi Dandeli Tiger Reserve]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 December 2011|title=Industrial pollution brings crocodile tears|newspaper=The News Today|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh|url=http://newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=46897&date=2011-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417044317/http://newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=46897&date=2011-12-13|archive-date=17 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Kali river bridge.jpg|thumb|View of Kali river and the bridge from [[Sadashivgad]] Fort.]]

== Television entertainment ==
* [[Real TV (Indian Channel)|Real TV's]] India's biggest reality show, [[Sarkaar Ki Duniya]] was shot at Mango Island Near Ambe Joog, which is an island surrounded by the Kali river in Siddar near [[Karwar]].<ref>"Island" in [[Konkani language]] translates to "Joog".</ref>

== See also==
* [[List of dams and reservoirs in India]]
* [[List of rivers of India]]
* [[Karwar]]
* [[Sadashivgad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kali River (Karnataka)}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuVnAwkuTVw A documentary on the river] by [[Amoghavarsha JS]]
*[http://www.karnatakapower.com/bommanahallidam.htm Kali Nadi]
*{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130103114000/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=20060519003009900.htm&date=fl2309/&prd=fline& Kali river]}}

{{coord|14|50|32|N|74|07|23|E|display=title}}

{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}

[[Category:Rivers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Geography of Uttara Kannada district]]

[[ca:Kali Nadi Occidental]]

Vṛṣabha

2025-10-27T12:48:58Z

TessaLovins0: brief updated layout after review further and improved wording

{{Short description|Month in Indian lunisolar calendars}}
{{about|a solar month|the first tirthankara of Jainism|Rishabhanatha|avatar of Vishnu in Hinduism|Rishabha (Hinduism)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
[[File:Taurus Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|thumb|Taurus Astrological Sign at the [[Wisconsin State Capitol]]]]
'''Vṛṣabha''', '''Vrishabha''' or '''Vṛṣa''', is a month in the [[Hindu calendar|Indian solar calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p729"/><ref name=sewell5>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/5 5]–11, 23–29}}</ref> It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of [[Taurus (constellation)|Taurus]], and overlaps with about the second half of May and about the first half of June in the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p729"/> The first day of the month is called Vrishbha Sankranti, and it generally falls on May 14 or 15.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drikpanchang.com/sankranti/vrishabha-sankranti-date-time.html|title=2025 Vrishabha Sankranti, Sankramanam Date and Time for New Delhi, NCT, India|access-date=2025-02-16|website=www.drikpanchang.com}}</ref>

In Vedic texts, the month of Vṛṣabha is called Madhava (IAST: Mādhava), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations.<ref name="Dershowitz2008p123">{{cite book|author1=Nachum Dershowitz|author2=Edward M. Reingold|title=Calendrical Calculations|title-link= Calendrical Calculations |year= 2008|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-88540-9|pages=123–128}}</ref> The solar month of Vṛṣabha overlaps with the lunar month of [[Jyeshtha (month)|Jyeshtha]] in Hindu lunisolar calendars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher John Fuller|title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=To6XSeBUW3oC|year=2004|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-69112-04-85|pages=291–293}}</ref><ref name=sewell10/> Vṛṣabha is preceded by the solar month of [[Meṣa|Mesha]] and followed by the solar month of [[Mithuna (month)|Mithuna]].<ref name=sewell5/>

The month of Vṛṣabha is called [[Vaikasi]] in the [[Tamil Hindu]] calendar.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p729">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z (Vol 1 & 2)|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/729 729]|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/729}}</ref> The ancient and medieval era Sanskrit texts of India vary in their calculations about the duration of Vrsabha, just like they do with other months. For example, the ''Surya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of Vrsabha to be 31 days, 10 hours, 5 minutes and 12 seconds. In contrast, the ''Arya Siddhanta'' calculates the duration of Vrsabha to be 31 days, 9 hours, 37 minutes and 36 seconds.<ref name=sewell10>{{cite book|author1=Robert Sewell|author2=Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita|title=The Indian Calendar |url=https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich |year=1896|publisher=S. Sonnenschein & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiancalendarwi00sewerich/page/10 10]–11}}</ref>

The Indian solar month names are significant in epigraphical studies of [[South Asia]]. The month, along with other solar months, are found inscribed in medieval era Hindu temples.<ref>{{cite book|author=E Hultzsch|title=Epigraphia Indica|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MxE9AAAAYAAJ |year= 1906|publisher =Education Society Press|pages=262, 265, 268, 273 with footnotes}}</ref>

Vṛṣabha is also an astrological sign in Indian horoscope systems, corresponding to [[Taurus (astrology)|Taurus]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Bangalore V. Raman|title=Studies in Jaimini Astrology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC |year=2003|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-1397-7|pages=10–19}}</ref>

Vṛṣabha is also the twelfth month in the [[Darian calendar]] for the planet [[Mars]], when the [[Sun]] traverses the central sector of the constellation Taurus as seen from Mars.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu calendar}}
{{Nepali calendar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vrsabha}}
[[Category:Hindu solar months]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

Gandhi Chowk

2025-10-19T04:25:02Z

TessaLovins0: Creating Some Details More To Come...

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox street
| name = Gandhi Chowk
| native_name =
| marker_image =
| image =
| caption =
| other_name =
| former_names =
| postal_code = 503001
| addresses = [[National Highway 16 (India, old numbering)|NH 16]], RP Road
| length_m =
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| location = [[Nizamabad,Telangana|Nizamabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| client =
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| coordinates = {{coord|18|40|23|N|78|05|42|E|display=title,inline}}
| direction_a =
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'''Gandhi Chowk''' is a 4-way traffic junction and the largest commercial and business centers in the city of [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]]. The place is located in the center of the city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennaisharetips.com/areas/gandhi-chowk-nizamabad|title=Gandhi Chowk, Nizamabad Pin Code - Pin Codes and Streets in India|work=chennaisharetips.com|access-date=18 June 2015|archive-date=18 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618154220/http://chennaisharetips.com/areas/gandhi-chowk-nizamabad|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is also the originating point of [[National Highway 16 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 16]] which passes through the states of Telangana, [[Maharashtra]] and ends at [[Jagdalpur]] in the state of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080922011802/http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublink2images/NH_StartEnding_Station8634854396.htm] Details of National Highways in India-Source-Govt. of India</ref>

The place is named after [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and has a Gandhi statue erected at the center of it. The area is clustered with commercial complexes, showrooms and shopping malls and has high traffic density.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/festive-atmosphere-pervades-nizamabad/article7436958.ece| title = Festive atmosphere pervades Nizamabad - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 17 July 2015| last1 = Mohan| first1 = P. Ram}} </ref>

* The routes that originate at Gandhi Chowk are

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Road Name !! Terminal (in city) !! Length in km (in city)
|-
| R.P Road (NH 16) || [[Vijay Rural Engineering College|VREC]] || 9
|-
| Bodhan Road<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/ews/national/telangana/removal-of-roadside-vendors-leads-to-tension/article7246381.ece|title=Removal of roadside vendors leads to tension|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu}}</ref> || [[Jankampet]] || 10
|-
| Gunj Road || Girraj College || 3
|-
| Azam Road || Radio Station || 2
|}
[[File:Asian Cinemas Usha Prasad Multiplex Nizamabad.jpg|thumb|Asian Cinemas Usha Prasad Multiplex at Azam Road.]]

==Nearby Places==

===Gunj Road===
The main market yard of the district is located at Ganj<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/rallies-public-meetings-mark-may-day/article7163712.ece|title=Rallies, public meetings mark May Day|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu|date=May 2015 }}</ref> which is the city's main vegetable market and has some gold showrooms too. Most vegetable vendors are from neighboring district of [[Nanded district|Nanded]]. The Gung Road leads to Girraj Government College<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ggcnzb.info/autonomous.aspx |title=Untitled Page |access-date=18 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209074715/http://ggcnzb.info/autonomous.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which is the only autonomous college in the [[Nizamabad district|Nizamabad]] district.

===R.P Road===
The NH 16 is known as Rashtrapati Road (R.P Road) in the city. As it is one of the busiest roads in the city, business tycoons of the city has established some major cloth emporiums and medical outlets here. This place is also the home to [[Nizamabad Bus Station]], [[Nizamabad Medical College]], [[Government General Hospital, Nizamabad|Government General Hospital]] and [[Nizamabad Railway Station]]. Khaleelwadi, also known as Doctor's Lane, is a locality & a hospital clustered area comprising more than 200 major private hospitals and many laboratories is located on R.P Road.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/earthquake-rumours-jolt-people/article6335519.ece|title=Earthquake rumours jolt people|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu|date=20 August 2014 }}</ref> The Kanteshwar Temple<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/devotees-throng-shiva-temples/article6258413.ece|title=Devotees throng Shiva temples|author=Staff Reporter|work=The Hindu}}</ref> which is situated at Kanteshwar area can be easily accessed from here. The road terminates at [[Vijay Rural Engineering College]] in city, from where on it is known as National Highway.

===Bodhan Road===
Bodhan road is the longest route which starts at Gandhi Chowk and ends at Jankampet area which is near the outskirts of the city. This place has a completely different look than R.P Road, the area is heavily clustered with hotels, different type of commercial complexes and has some high rise residential apartments. It is also the home to majority of the Muslim population of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epw.in/election-specials/muslims-telangana-ground-report.html|title=Muslims of Telangana: A Ground Report|work=epw.in}}</ref> Even though the road is asphalt laid, there has been tremendous accidents reported for rash driving, bottlenecks and road blocks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/eight-persons-killed-in-road-accidents/article2870625.ece|title=Eight persons killed in road accidents|author=Staff Reporter|work=The Hindu|date=7 February 2012 }}</ref> The [[Government of Telangana]] has taken up the road widening project which is under progress as of 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ensuring-road-safety-is-the-topmost-priority/article6708595.ece|title=Ensuring road safety is the topmost priority|author=Staff Reporter|work=The Hindu|date=19 December 2014 }}</ref>

===Azam Road===
The route leads to Bada Bazar which is another major market yard in the city, the road terminates at Nizamabad Radio Station near Shivaji Chowk from where it divides into Hyderabad Road and Varni Road.

==See also==
*[[Nizamabad Police]]
*[[Kakatiya Institutions]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Nizamabad, Telangana]]
[[Category:Roads in Telangana]]

Bugun liocichla

2025-10-01T19:56:16Z

TessaLovins0: Creating Initial Info First Draft...

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{speciesbox
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |year=2018 |title=''Liocichla bugunorum'' |amends=2017 |article-number=e.T22734628A125508034 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22734628A125508034.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
| image = Bugun Loichichla.jpg
| genus = Liocichla
| species = bugunorum
| authority = [[Ramana Athreya|Athreya]], 2006
| range_map = <div>{{OSM Location map
|float = centre
|width=300| height=300
| coord = {{coord|27.0|92.0}}
| zoom =7 
| caption = Distribution of Bugun liocichla
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| mark-coord1={{coord|27.106200136169655|92.3953628540039}}|shape-color1=#52b34d|shape1=circle| mark-size1=12
| mark-coord2={{coord|27.07548177817971|92.46265411376953}}
| mark-coord3={{coord|27.15707319416965|92.46093749999999}}
}}</div>
}}

The '''Bugun liocichla''' ('''''Liocichla bugunorum''''') is a [[passerine]] bird [[species]] from the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Leiothrichidae]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Collar, N. J. |author2=Robson C. |name-list-style=amp |year= 2007|chapter= Family Timaliidae (Babblers)|pages= 70–291|editor=del Hoyo, J.|editor2=Elliott, A.|editor3=Christie, D.A. |title=''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]'', Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees|publisher=Lynx Edicions, Barcelona}}</ref> closely related to the [[Emei Shan liocichla]]. First spotted in 1995 in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]], it was described as a new species in 2006.<ref name="athreya">
{{cite journal | last = Athreya | first = Ramana | title = A new species of ''Liocichla'' (Aves:Timaliidae) from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India | journal = Indian Birds | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 82–94 | date = 31 August 2006 | url = http://indianbirds.in/pdfs/IB2.4_Athreya_BugunLiocichla.pdf | access-date = 31 March 2017 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111335/http://indianbirds.in/pdfs/IB2.4_Athreya_BugunLiocichla.pdf | archive-date = 4 March 2016 }}</ref> The description was made without the collection of a [[Type (zoology)|type specimen]] as they were too few to risk killing one. It is thought to be an endangered species, with a small population, and a very restricted distribution range within which commercial development threatens the habitat.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/~rathreya/Downloads/athreya2006_ebp.pdf|author=Athreya, R.|year=2006|title=Eaglenest Biodiversity Project − I (2003–2006): Conservation resources for Eaglenest wildlife sanctuary. A report submitted to the Forest Department of the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, India, and the Rufford-Maurice-Laing Foundation (UK)|publisher=Kaati Trust, Pune.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331212205/http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/~rathreya/Downloads/athreya2006_ebp.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2017}}</ref>

==Description==
The Bugun liocichla is a small babbler ({{convert|20|cm||abbr=on}}) with olive-grey [[plumage]] and a black cap. The face is marked with prominent orange-yellow lores, and the wings have yellow, red and white patches. The tail is black with crimson coloured undertail coverts and red tips. The feet are pink and the bill is black at the face fading to pale white. A second duller individual was [[mist net]]ted, which was probably the female. The voice is described as fluty and distinctive.<ref name="athreya"/>

A study of the evolution of the species within the genus ''Liocichla'' based on mitochondrial DNA sequence similarity showed that the species is most closely related to ''L. omeiensis'' with the Hengduan Mountains possibly acting as the isolating barrier between the two.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/s40657-015-0025-y|title=A multilocus molecular phylogeny for the avian genus ''Liocichla'' (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae: Liocichla)|journal=Avian Research|volume=6|year=2015|last1=Mays|first1=Herman L|last2=McKay|first2=Bailey D|last3=Tietze|first3=Dieter Thomas|last4=Yao|first4=Cheng-Te|last5=Miller|first5=Lindsey N|last6=Moreland|first6=Kathleen N|last7=Lei|first7=Fumin|doi-access=free}}{{open access}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
All sightings of the species have been at an altitude of {{convert|2000|m|abbr=on}} on disturbed hillsides covered with shrubs and small trees, with the exception of one sighting on the edge of primary [[forest]]. It lives in a territory similar to that of the [[Emei Shan liocichla]]. Small flocks were observed during January, whereas pairs were observed in May, with an estimated total of 14 individuals.<ref name="athreya"/> It is thought that pairs may hold and defend territories. The Bugun liocichla is only currently known from just one location. Populations may be discovered in other areas of Arunachal Pradesh or neighbouring [[Bhutan]].<ref name="athreya"/>

Attempts have been made to identify new locations where the species could occur based on identification of suitable habitats using computational models.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Peterson, A. T. |author2=M. Papeş |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Potential geographic distribution of the Bugun liocichla ''Liocichla bugunorum'', a poorly-known species from north-eastern India |journal=Indian Birds |volume=2 |pages=146–149 |url=http://www.specifysoftware.org/Informatics/bios/biostownpeterson/PP_IB_2006.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628044757/http://www.specifysoftware.org/Informatics/bios/biostownpeterson/PP_IB_2006.pdf |archive-date=28 June 2007 }}</ref>

==Species discovery==
{{cladogram|align=left|caption=Relationship among liocichlas<ref name=phylo>{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/s40657-015-0025-y |title=A multilocus molecular phylogeny for the avian genus ''Liocichla'' (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae: ''Liocichla'') |journal=Avian Research |volume=6 |year=2015 |last1=Mays |first1=Herman L. |last2=McKay |first2=Bailey D. |last3=Tietze |first3=Dieter Thomas |last4=Yao |first4=Cheng-Te |last5=Miller |first5=Lindsey N. |last6=Moreland |first6=Kathleen N. |last7=Lei |first7=Fumin |doi-access=free }}</ref>|
cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Liocichla phoenicea|L. phoenicea]]''
|2=''[[Liocichla ripponi|L. ripponi]]''
}}
|label2=
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Liocichla bugunorum|L. bugunorum]]''
|2=''[[Liocichla omeiensis|L. omeiensis]]''
}}
}}
|2=''[[Liocichla steerii|L. steerii]]''
}}
}}
}}
The species was described in 2006 after being discovered in [[Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]], by an [[astrophysicist]], [[Ramana Athreya]].<ref name="Athreya">{{cite web | title = New Multicolored Bird Found in India | agency = Associated Press | date = 12 September 2006 | url = http://apnews.myway.com/article/20060912/D8K3JND00.html | access-date = 14 September 2006 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110301220717/http://apnews.myway.com/article/20060912/D8K3JND00.html | archive-date = 1 March 2011}}</ref> The species was first spotted in the sanctuary in 1995 but was not seen again for ten years. Athreya spotted them again in January 2005 but did not publicize it until he was able to confirm it to be a new species. It was initially identified as appearing most similar to an [[Emei Shan liocichla]], ''Liocichla omeiensis'', a species of Liocichla [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[China]]. It was, however, distinctly different and the full description was finally made by capturing and examining two individuals using mistnets, in May 2006. Due to the apparent rarity of the species no [[Type (zoology)|type specimen]] was collected, instead [[feather]]s from the mist net, photographs, recordings and notes were used as the holotype.<ref name="Athreya"/><ref name="birds">{{cite web | title = Bugun liocichla: a sensational discovery in north-east India | work = Birdlife International | date = 12 September 2006 | url = http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/09/bugun_liocichla.html | access-date = 12 September 2006 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061005133918/http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/09/bugun_liocichla.html | archive-date = 5 October 2006}}</ref> The [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]] does not allow for new species to be described without the collection of type specimens, but this provision was circumvented in this case by the collection of feathers (the Code allows for "any part of an animal" to be treated as a type specimen; Art. 72.5.1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp |title=The Code Online | International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524144249/http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp |archive-date=24 May 2009 }} The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</ref>). The 1991 description of the [[Bulo Burti boubou]] (''Laniarius liberatus''), an African bushshrike species later considered invalid, lacked a specimen and only blood samples were collected and has been more controversial. A detailed review of the discovery of the species was published in 2007.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kannan|first=R.|year=2007|title=New bird descriptions without proper voucher specimens: reflections after the Bugun liocichla case|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=104|issue=1|pages=12–18}}</ref>

The first report of the species was made in a posting to Nathistory-India, an [[electronic mailing list]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lists.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9608&L=NATHISTORY-INDIA&P=R1290&I=-3|title=LISTSERV 16.0 – Archives – Error|website=lists.princeton.edu}}</ref> It was only in 2006, however, that the species was formally described.<ref name=desc>{{cite journal |url=http://www.indianbirds.in/images/IB%5B1%5D.2.4.Liocichla.pdf |author=Athreya, R. |year=2006 |title=A new species of ''Liocichla'' (Aves: Timaliidae) from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India |journal=Indian Birds |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=82–94 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316091722/http://www.indianbirds.in/images/IB%5B1%5D.2.4.Liocichla.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2007 }}</ref>

===Taxonomy and systematics===
The species' scientific and common names are derived from the [[Khowa tribe|Bugun tribe]] in whose communal forests the species was discovered.<ref name="birds"/>

The species is a sister of ''Liocichla omeiensis'' and the speciation may have been caused by the isolating geographic barrier of the Hengduan mountains.<ref name=phylo />

==Threats and conservation==
For a "spectacular bird" with distinctive calls to have been overlooked until 1995 suggests that the species is not common. Only three breeding pairs are currently known and it's listed as critically endangered. While the species is capable of living in degraded forests, its small population is considered threatened, especially in the light of plans to build a highway through an area thought to be its primary habitat.<ref name="birds"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211211233427/http://www.orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?p=4&action=searchresult&Bird_ID=2795&Bird_Family_ID=&pagesize=1 Field sketch of the bird prior to study and description]}}
* [http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~sbhatnag/Nature/warunachal/wapMiscEaglenestBP.htm The Eaglenest Biodiversity project]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023008/http://www.orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?action=searchresult&Bird_ID=2795&Bird_Image_ID=21654&Bird_Family_ID=&p=2 Photograph of holotype]}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200107023707/http://orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?action=searchresult&Bird_ID=2795 More photographs]}}

{{good article}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1002627}}

[[Category:Liocichla|Bugun liocichla]]
[[Category:Birds of Northeast India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Environment of Arunachal Pradesh|Bugun liocichla]]
[[Category:Critically endangered fauna of Asia]]
[[Category:Birds described in 2006|Bugun liocichla]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Northeast India]]

Brahmoism

2025-09-17T20:00:32Z

TessaLovins0: further fixed section for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Hindu religious movement from mid-19th century Bengal, India}}
{{morefootnotes|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox religion
| name = Brahmoism
| caption_bagcgj =
| image =
| imagewidth =
| alt =
| caption =
| abbreviation =
| type =
| main_classification = [[Hinduism]]
| orientation =
| scripture = [[Brahmo Dharma]]
| theology = [[Monotheism]]
| polity =
| governance =
| structure =
| leader_title = Pradhanacharya-1
| leader_name = [[Ram Mohan Roy|Raja Ram Mohan Roy]]
| leader_title1 = Pradhanacharya-2
| leader_name1 = [[Dwarkanath Tagore]]
| leader_title2 = Pradhanacharya-3
| leader_name2 = [[Debendranath Tagore]]
| fellowships_type =
| fellowships =
| associations = [[Brahmo Samaj]] ([[Adi Brahmo Samaj]] and [[Sadharan Brahmo Samaj]])
| area =
| headquarters =
| founder = [[Ram Mohan Roy]]
| founded_date = {{start date and age|1828|08|28|df=yes|p=y}}
| founded_place = {{nowrap|[[Calcutta]], [[British Raj|British India]]}}
| parent =
| merger =
| absorbed =
| separations =
| merged_into =
| defunct =
| hospitals =
| nursing_homes =
| aid =
| congregations =
| members = 
| ministers =
| missionaries =
| temples =
| primary_schools =
| secondary_schools =
| tax_status =
| tertiary =
| other_names =
| publications =
| website = {{url|true.brahmosamaj.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
{{Universalism}}
'''Brahmoism''' is a [[Hindu]] religious movement which originated from the mid-19th century [[Bengali Renaissance]], the nascent [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite book |author=David Kopf|title=The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind |date=1979 |publisher=Princeton University Press |jstor=j.ctt13x0tkz |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13x0tkz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222033241/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13x0tkz |archive-date=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Brahmo Samaj became the first organized vehicle for the expression of national awakening in India |url=https://www.nios.ac.in/media/documents/SecICHCour/English/CH.05.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826224209/http://www.nios.ac.in/media/documents/SecICHCour/English/CH.05.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> Adherents, known as ''[[Brahmo]]s'' (singular Brahmo), are mainly of [[India]]n or [[Bangladesh]]i origin or nationality.

The [[Brahmo Samaj]], literally the "Society of Brahma", was founded as a movement by [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy]].<ref name="test">Chambers Dictionary Of World History. Editor BP Lenman. Chambers. 2000.</ref>

==Fundamental principles==

The [[Brahmo]] articles of faith derive from the Fundamental (''Adi'') Principles of the ''[[Adi Brahmo Samaj]]'' religion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.brahmosamaj.in/ |title=Brahmo Samaj Website |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501051459/http://www.brahmosamaj.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On God: There is always Infinite (limitless, undefinable, imperceivable, indivisible) Singularity – Immanent and Transcendent Singular Author and Preserver of Existence – "He" whose Love is manifest everywhere and in everything, in the fire and in the water, from the smallest plant to the mightiest oak.
* On Being: Being is created from Singularity. Being is renewed by Singularity. Being exists to be one (again) with Singularity. (''See [[Tat Tvam Asi]]'').
* On Intelligent Existence: Righteous (worshipful, intelligent, moral) actions alone rule (regulate [preserve]) Existence against Chaos (loss [decay, return, pervading emptiness]). Knowledge (Intelligence [reason, sentience, intuition]) of Pure Conscience (light within) is the One (Supreme) Ruler (authority [law, dharma]) of Existence with no symbol (creation [scripture, book, object]) or intermediary (being [teacher, messiah, ruler]).
* On Love: Respect all creations and beings but never venerate (worship) them for only Singularity can be Loved (adored, worshipped).

===Articles of faith===

The Articles of faith for Brahmos are:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.brahmosamaj.in/ |title=brahmosamaj.in - BRAHMO SAMAJ |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501051459/http://www.brahmosamaj.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* Brahmos embrace righteousness as the only way of life.
* Brahmos embrace truth, knowledge, reason, free will and virtuous intuition (observation) as guides.
* Brahmos embrace secular principles but oppose sectarianism and imposition of religious belief into governance (especially propagation of religious belief by government).
* Brahmos embrace the co-existence of Brahmo principles with governance, but oppose all governance in conflict with Brahmo principles.
* Brahmos reject narrow theism (especially polytheism), idolatry and symbolism.
* Brahmos reject the need for formal rituals, priests or places (church, temple, mosque) for worship.
* Brahmos reject dogma and superstition.
* Brahmos reject scriptures as authority.
* Brahmos reject revelations, prophets, gurus, messiahs, or avatars as authority.
* Brahmos reject bigotry and irrational distinctions like caste, creed, colour, race, religion which divide beings.
* Brahmos reject all forms of totalitarianism.
* Brahmos examine the prevalent notion of "sin".
* Brahmos examine the prevalent notions of "heaven" or "hell".
* Brahmos examine the prevalent notion of "salvation".

Adherence to these articles are required only of ''Adi'' Brahmos or such ''Sadharan'' Brahmos who accept ''Adi''-ism i.e. [[Trust Deed of Brahmo Sabha]] (1830). Brahmoism is considered a synthesis of Hinduism, Islam and Unitarianism.<ref name="Natesan 1948 p. ">{{cite book | last=Natesan | first=G.A. | title=The Indian Review | publisher=G. A. Natesan & Company | issue=v. 49 | year=1948 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJjDHHkTlbEC&q=%22protestant%22 | access-date=2023-03-01 | page=}}</ref><ref name="Bergunder Frese Schröder 2011 p. 319">{{cite book | last1=Bergunder | first1=M. | last2=Frese | first2=H. | last3=Schröder | first3=U. | title=Ritual, Caste, and Religion in Colonial South India | publisher=Primus Books | year=2011 | isbn=978-93-80607-21-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OcEM2IsnA1AC&pg=PA319 | access-date=2023-03-01 | page=319 | archive-date=1 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301164421/https://books.google.com/books?id=OcEM2IsnA1AC&pg=PA319 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="van Bijlert 2020 p. 188">{{cite book | last=van Bijlert | first=V.A. | title=Vedantic Hinduism in Colonial Bengal: Reformed Hinduism and Western Protestantism | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Studies in Religion | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-000-16997-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WS3tDwAAQBAJ&q=%22protestant+brahmoism%22&pg=PT188 | access-date=2023-03-01 | page=188}}</ref><ref name="Indian Institute of World Culture 1993 p. ">{{cite book | author=Indian Institute of World Culture | title=Transaction - Indian Institute of World Culture | issue=90 | year=1993 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfELAQAAIAAJ&q=%22brahmo+samaj%22+%22lutheran+protestants%22 | access-date=2023-03-01 | page=}}</ref><ref name="The Court Journal: Court Circular & Fashionable Gazette 1833 p. 723">{{cite book | title=The Court Journal: Court Circular & Fashionable Gazette | publisher=Alabaster, Pasemore & sons, Limited | issue=v. 5 | year=1833 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrYRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22rammohun%22+%22was+a+lutheran+with%22&pg=PA723 | access-date=2023-03-01 | page=723}}</ref>

==History==
While Raja [[Ram Mohan Roy]] aimed at reforming the Hindu religion through [[Unitarianism]], his successor Maharshi [[Debendranath Tagore]] in 1850 rejected the infallibility of the Vedas. Tagore tried to retain some Hindu customs, but a series of schisms eventually resulted in the formation of the breakaway [[Sadharan Brahmo Samaj]] in 1878.

In 1901, a decision of the [[Privy Council]] of [[British India]] found that "the vast majority of Brahmo religionists are not Hindus and have their own religion."<ref>Official website http://www.brahmosamaj.in/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501051459/http://www.brahmosamaj.in/ |date=1 May 2016 }} "In 1901 (Bhagwan Koer & Ors v J.C.Bose & Ors, 31 Cal 11, 30 ELR IA 249) the Privy Council (Britain's highest judicial authority) upholds the finding of the High Court of the Punjab that the vast majority of Brahmo religionists are not Hindus and have their own religion"</ref>

The Brahma Dharma was first codified by Debendranath Tagore with the formulation of the Brahmo Dharma Beej and publication of the ''Brahma Dharma'', a book of 1848 in two parts. The Brahma Dharma is the source of every Brahmo's spiritual faith and reflects [[Brahmo]] repudiation of the Hindu Vedas as authority and the shift away from [[Ram Mohan Roy]]'s Unitarian version of God. The traditional seed principles and Debendranath's ''Brahmo Dharma'' (or religious and moral law) now stand evolved as the "Fundamental Principles of Brahmoism" and are supplemented by precise evolving rules for adherents, akin to "Articles of Faith" which regulate the Brahmo way of life. In addition the assembly of Brahmos (and also Brahmo Samajists) for meeting or worship is always consonant with the Trust Principles of 1830 or its derivatives.

==Brief history and timeline==

* 1828 : [[Raja Ram Mohun Roy]] establishes ''Brahma Sabha'' (assembly of Brahmins).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-W6TjM2n1AC |title=Calcutta: Society and Change 1690-1990 |date=2005 |first=Samaren |last=Roy |publisher=[[IUniverse]] |isbn=9780595790005 }}</ref>{{Self-published inline |date=November 2021}}
* 1829 : [[Asiatic Society]] admits the first Indians to its membership, the first of whom are [[Ramkamal Sen]], [[Dwarkanath Tagore]] and Prasanna Coomar Tagore.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/gautam/heri0004.htm |title=Heritage Institute of India - article by Dr. Gautam Chatterjee |access-date=28 March 2008 |archive-date=10 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010182803/http://www.ibiblio.org/gautam/heri0004.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1830 : [[Dwarkanath Tagore]], Prasanna Coomar Tagore and Ors. establish the first Brahmo Place for Worship through a legal Trust Deed<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://brahmosamaj.org.googlepages.com/trustdeed.html |title=brahmosamaj.org - Banian "Trust" Deed Chitpore Road Brahmo Sabha |access-date=2008-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119092423/http://brahmosamaj.org.googlepages.com/trustdeed.html |archive-date=2009-11-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> at [[Chitpur]] ([[Jorasanko]] [[Kolkata]] [[India]]). Ram Mohun departs for Britain.
* 1833 : Ram Mohun dies in Bristol.
* 1839 : [[Debendranath Tagore]] forms ''Tattwabodhini (Tattvaranjini) Sabha'', the "Truth & Life Purpose Seekers" association on 6 October 1839.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mohanta |first=Sambaru Chandra |year=2003 |chapter=Tattvabodhini Sabha |chapter-url=http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/T_0089.htm |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=First |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004141649/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/T_0089.htm |archive-date=4 October 2006}}</ref>
* 1843 : Tattwabodini Sabha merged with Brahmo Sabha<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nau.edu/cline/courses/Hay_-_Leaders_of_hindu_reform_and_revival_PDF.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530101812/http://www.nau.edu/cline/courses/Hay_-_Leaders_of_hindu_reform_and_revival_PDF.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Calcutta Brahmo Samaj established. Dwarkanath Tagore founds the Great Western Bengal Railway Co. in conflict with the State.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080530101807/http://www.ccsindia.org/lssreader/14lssreader.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-31 |url-status=dead |url=http://www.ccsindia.org/lssreader/14lssreader.pdf |title=Time for Planning Commission to Step Back!!! |first=Bhaskar |last=Roy |date=2004 }}</ref>
* 1850 : Publication of ''Brahma Dharma'' book in 2 parts by Debendranath. Repudiation of Vedic infallibility, separation from Hinduism, establishment of the new religion.
* 1855 : [[Keshub Chunder Sen]] founds "The British India Society" later associated with [[Christian mission]]aries [[James Long (Anglican priest)|James Long]] and [[Charles Dall]].<ref>[[Shivanath Shastri]]'s Brahmo History (1911) p. 114.</ref> Dall, a roving Unitarian missionary, is in a troubled marriage in Boston with [[Caroline Healey Dall|Caroline Wells Healey Dall]], suffering a series of mental depressions, and is sufficiently persuaded to grant his wife a ''Boston divorce'' by sailing to India forever as the first foreign Unitarian missionary.<ref>"Daughter of Boston: The Extraordinary Diary of Caroline Dall", by Helen Deese. p. XV.</ref>
* 1856 : Devendranath Thakur proceeds to hills of [[Shimla|Simla]].
* 1857 : Debendranath informs Unitarian preacher Charles Dall that he is no longer welcome at Calcutta Brahmo Samaj, and that "He would not hear the name of Jesus spoken in the Samaj." Dall then forms the ''Rammohun Roy Society'' to wean away the liberal Brahmos from Debendranath.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/charlesdall.html Charles Dall] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314160549/http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/charlesdall.html|date=March 14, 2008}}.</ref> Keshub Sen then subscribes to Calcutta Brahmo Samaj while Devendranath is away in Simla. The [[Indian Mutiny]] erupts, almost every Trustee of Brahma Samaj supports the Crown while seeking exemplary punishment for the mutineers.
* 1860 : Charles Dall now openly attacks Debendranath and affiliates to liberal Brahmo [[Christianity|neo-Christian]] group by promoting Theodore Parker and William Channing's methods to convert Hindus to Christianity.<ref name="autogenerated1" />
* 1866 : The First Brahmo Schism and Calcutta Brahmo Samaj is renamed as Adi (First) Brahmo Samaj to distinguish it from progressive breakaway group.
* 1871 : Adi Brahmo Samaj leaders publicly oppose the progressive faction over the divisive ''Brahmo Marriage Bill, 1871'' with Debendranath stating "We are Brahmos first, and Indians or Hindus second."
* 1872 : The Marriage Bill is ostensibly not limited to Brahmos and enacted as the ''Special Marriages Act (Act III) of 1872''. A declaration is required stating "I am not a Hindu or Muslim or Christian or Jew" to marry under this law which is used almost exclusively by Brahmos.
* 1878 : The breakaway faction splits again, the majority form the middle-path Sadharan (General) Brahmo Samaj and are formally welcomed back to Brahmoism by Debendranath Tagore and [[Rajnarayan Basu]] of the Adi Samaj. The eminent leaders of Sadharan Brahmo Samaj at the time include [[Sivanath Sastri]], [[Ananda Mohan Bose]] and Sib Chandra Deb.<ref>Primary Source: ''History of Brahmo Samaj'' by ''Sivanath Sastri'' 1911, Secondary Source: Official website brahmosamaj.org</ref>
*1898 : First branch of Brahmosamaj (Calicut) (Now [[Ayyathan School]] which runs under the patronage of Brahmo Samaj at Jail Road, Calicut) was founded by [[Ayyathan Gopalan]] a great social reformer and founder of Sugunavardhini movement in Kerala.
*1910 : Translation of "Bible of Brahmo Samaj" – "Brahmo Dharma" by [[Debendranath Tagore|Maharshi Debendranath Tagore]] into Malayalam.
*1924 : Second Branch of Brahmo Samaj in Kerala was set up by Ayyathan Gopalan at Alappuzha (Kerala) Poonthoppu, Kommady (now Grihalakshmi Gandhi Smaraka Seva Aangam).

==See also==
* [[Adi Dharm]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan]]
* [[Hindu reform movements]]
* [[History of Bengal]]
* [[New religious movement]]
* [[Prarthana Samaj]]
* [[Tattwabodhini Patrika]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}

{{Religion topics}}
{{Bengal Renaissance}}

[[Category:Brahmoism| ]]
[[Category:Bengal Renaissance]]
[[Category:Hindu new religious movements]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Nirguna worship traditions]]
[[Category:Religious organisations based in India]]
[[Category:New religious movements established in the 20th century]]

Global Tamil Forum

2025-09-13T10:23:14Z

TessaLovins0: Stub

[[File:Bicolor flag of Tamil Eelam.svg|thumb|Flag of the Tamil Democrats with the traditional colors of Tamil Eelam ]]
'''Global Tamil Forum''' ('''GTF''') is an International [[Tamil people|Tamil]] organization meant to further Tamil causes in [[Tamil Eelam|Tamil areas of Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globaltamilforum.org/gtf/content/about-gtf |title=About GTF |access-date=2010-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227085808/http://globaltamilforum.org/gtf/content/about-gtf |archive-date=2010-02-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> GTF supports [[self-determination]] for Tamils and wants justice for [[War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war|war crimes against Tamils]]. It is headed by [[S. J. Emmanuel]]. In UK it works with both [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] and [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] Parties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/|title=The Times & The Sunday Times|website=The Times|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref> It consists of Tamil organizations across the world.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=29840 | title=Grass root organisations form Global Tamil Forum | publisher=Tamilnet | date=23 July 2009 | accessdate=23 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="Godwin 2022 p. 148">{{cite book | last=Godwin | first=M.K. | title=Disaggregating Diasporas as a Force in Role Contestation: Mobilising the Marginalised in Foreign Affairs | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Role Theory and International Relations | year=2022 | isbn=978-1-000-64142-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9zx_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT148 | access-date=23 May 2023 | page=148}}</ref><ref name="Srinivasan 2022">{{cite web | last=Srinivasan | first=Meera | title=TNA, Global Tamil Forum seek Stalin's intervention on Sri Lankan Tamil issue | website=The Hindu | date=19 Feb 2022 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/tna-global-tamil-forum-seek-stalins-intervention-over-sri-lankan-tamil-issue/article65064839.ece | access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="Jones 2019 p. 77">{{cite book | last=Jones | first=D. | title=Superdiverse Diaspora: Everyday Identifications of Tamil Migrants in Britain | publisher=Springer International Publishing | series=Global Diversities | year=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-28388-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IEq7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 | access-date=23 May 2023 | page=77}}</ref><ref name="Sirkeci Alili 2020 p. 86">{{cite book | last1=Sirkeci | first1=I. | last2=Alili | first2=M.Z. | title=The Migration Conference 2020 Proceedings: Migration and Politics | publisher=Transnational Press London | series=Conference Series | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-912997-89-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhsJEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 | access-date=23 May 2023 | page=86}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=31263 | title=GTF launch well attended by British politicians | publisher=Tamilnet | date=25 February 2010 | accessdate=23 May 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[British Tamils Forum]]
*[[British Tamil Association]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.globaltamilforum.org/ Global Tamil Forum website]

{{Sri Lankan Tamil people}}

[[Category:Human rights organisations based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Overseas Tamil organisations]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil politics]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism]]
[[Category:Tamil Eelam]]

{{UK-org-stub}}

Jatmai Mata Mandir

2025-09-13T03:38:44Z

TessaLovins0: new.

{{short description|Hindu temple of Goddess Durga}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Jatmai Mata Mandir
| image = Jatmai Mata Mandir.jpg
| alt = Jatmai Mata Mandir
| caption =
| map_type =
| map_caption =
| coordinates =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Gariaband district]]
| location = [[Gariaband]]
| elevation_m =
| deity =
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Hindu temple architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Jatmai Mata Mandir''' or '''Jatmayi Temple'''<ref>{{cite web| url=https://gariaband.gov.in/en/tourist-place/jatmayi-temple/index.html| title= Jatmayi Temple| website= gariaband.gov.in }}</ref> is a [[Hindu temple]] of [[Goddess Durga]] ji located in [[Gariaband district]],<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bharattemples.com/jatmai-mata-temple-gariaband/| title= Jatmai Mata Temple, Gariaband| website=bharattemples.com}}</ref> 80 km from state capital [[Raipur]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web| url= https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/temple-of-jatmai-ghatarani-gariyaband-chhattisgrah-is-famous-in-india/417165| title=घने जंगल में बना है मां घटारानी का मंदिर, छत्‍तीसगढ़ की ये जगह से पूरे देश में मशहूर | website= zeenews.india.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/chhattisgarh/gariaband-jatmai-and-ghatrani-devi-temple-leaders-demanded-to-light-the-lamp-gariyaband-cg-ns-1547566.html| title= जतमई और घटारानी देवी मंदिर में नेताओं ने दीप प्रज्वलित कर मांगी मन्नत | website= hindi.news18.com }}</ref> The water streams are adjacent to the temple where Mata touched her feet and fell down from the rocks.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/chhattisgarh-top-5-best-destination-to-visit-in-monsoon-season-4801165/ | title= Chhattisgarh: Top 5 Best Destination To Visit In Monsoon Season | website=patrika.com}}</ref> According to local beliefs, these water streams are the servants of the mother. Every year a fair is organized in the temple of Mata in the [[Navratri]] of Chaitra and Kunwar.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/navratri-2018-famous-devi-temple-in-chhattiisgarh-1-3566918/ | title=Navratri 2018: Famous Devi Temple In Chhattiisgarh | website=patrika.com}}</ref>

This temple of Jatmai Mata is built between the waterfalls; hence it is also one of the most popular picnic spots in Chhattisgarh.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/mukhye-dharmik-sthal-know-about-famous-jatmai-mata-temple-of-chhattisgarh-18842071.html | title= Know about famous Jatmai mata temple of Chhattisgarh| website=jagran.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.bhaskar.com/news/CHH-RAI-ghatarani-mandir-natural-beauty-in-chattisgarh-4791071-PHO.html| title= Ghatarani mandir natural beauty in chattisgarh| website=bhaskar.com }}</ref>

There is also another temple named Ghatarani temple, located 25 km from the Jatamai Mata Mandir.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://gariaband.gov.in/en/tourist-place/ghatarani-temple/index.html | title= Ghatarani Temple | website= gariaband.gov.in }}</ref>

== Jatmai Waterfall ==
[https://chhattisgarhpedia.com/jatmai-ghatarani-temple-or-jatmai-ghatarani-waterfall Jatmai Waterfall]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhattisgarh Tourism |url=https://chhattisgarhpedia.com/jatmai-ghatarani-temple-or-jatmai-ghatarani-waterfall |website=chhattisgarhpedia.com}}</ref> is a seasonal monsoon attraction located in the Gariaband district. Its popularity stems from its proximity to Raipur and Bhilai, making it a perfect one-day outing destination.

Ideal for a picnic with family and friends, the waterfall cascades beautifully in steps, creating a picturesque view. Situated just below a temple, the serene surroundings and natural beauty make Jatmai Waterfall a truly charming and refreshing escape.

== See also ==
* [[Danteshwari Temple]]
* [[Mata Kaushalya Temple]]
* [[Mahamaya Temple]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shri+Jatmai+Mata+Temple,+Gariyaband/@20.7905982,82.0623565,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3a2f51956693430f:0xe27d3143af80d7df!8m2!3d20.790672!4d82.0645282 | title=Jatmai Mata Mandir}}

{{coord missing|Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Chhattisgarh]]

{{Hindu-temple-stub}}

Ganavi Laxman

2025-08-22T06:33:13Z

TessaLovins0:

{{short description|Indian Kannada film and television actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ganavi Laxman
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|7|04|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Coorg]], Karnataka, India
| education =
| alma_mater =
| image =
| alt = Kannada Actress Ganavi Laxman
| caption =
| occupation = {{hlist|Film actress|Television artist}}
| years_active=
| othername =
| relations =
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Ganavi Laxman''' is an [[Cinema of India|Indian Kannada film]] and television actress well known for her roles in television serials such as ''Magalu Janaki.''

== Early life ==
Ganavi Laxman was born in the [[coffee]] town of [[Chikmagalur]] on 4 July 1992.

== Career ==
Ganavi Laxman's career started in the popular television serial ''Magalu Janaki'' which aired on [[Colors Super]] channel. She debuted in Sandalwood with a leading role in ''[[Hero (2021 film)|Hero]]'' (2021), opposite [[Rishab Shetty]], who also produced the film. Her Big Budget movie debut happened in 2022 with [[A. Harsha|Harsha]]'s ''[[Vedha (2022 film)|Vedha]]'' movie in which she played role as Pushpa, wife of Vedha donned by Hatrick Hero [[Shiva Rajkumar|Shivarajkumar]]. Vedha was a big hit and Ganavi's excellent performance as a rebellious village woman who fought and died against the evil was very much appreciated.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2022/Dec/13/ganavi-laxman-i-was-starstruck-seeing-shivanna-37664.html | title=Ganavi Laxman: I was starstruck seeing Shivanna | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=13 December 2022 }}</ref>

She started her career in Tollywood (Telugu cinema) with ''[[Rudrangi]]'' (2023) as the eponymous role. This thriller is set in the 1940s about a ruthless King Bheem Rao Deshmukh who oppressed the women and his subjects. The movie featured [[Jagapathi Babu]], Ashish Gandhi and [[Mamta Mohandas]] in significant roles.

Ganavi is currently shooting for her new film Nanagu Hendti Beku. This project is directed and written by K Shankar. This movie includes Tabla Nani, Bank Janardhan, Killer Venkatesh, Chaithra Kotoor and Ganesh Rao in prominent roles.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kannada-actress-ganavi-laxman-dazzles-in-strapless-orange-dress-and-no-makeup-look-8602722.html | title=Kannada Actress Ganavi Laxman Dazzles in Strapless Orange Dress and No-makeup Look | date=4 October 2023 }}</ref>

== Television career ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Serial<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/ganavi-lakshman/biography.html|title=Ganavi Lakshman Biography | Ganavi Lakshman Boyfriend, Husband, Family & Net Worth - FilmiBeat}}</ref> !! Role !! Channel
|-
|2018–2020||''Magalu Janaki'' ||Janaki
|-
|}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Hero (2021 film)|Hero]]'' || Heroine || Kannada ||Debut film
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Vedha (2022 film)|Vedha]]'' || Pushpa || Kannada ||Nominated- [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Filmfare Award for Best Actress- Kannada]]
|-
| 2022 || ''Bhavachitra'' || Chitra || Kannada ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Rudrangi]]'' || Rudrangi || Telugu ||
|-
| 2024 || ''Nanagu Hendti Beku'' || Upcoming Movie || Kannada ||
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[List of people from Karnataka]]
*[[Kannada cinema]]
*[[List of Indian film actresses]]
*[[Cinema of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm11270943}}

{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laxman, Ganavi}}
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada theatre]]
[[Category:1956 births]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}

Jai Deva Shree Ganesha

2025-08-05T01:56:12Z

TessaLovins0: new.

{{short description|Indian mythological television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Jai Deva Shri Ganesha
| image = Deva Shree Ganesha.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = [[Hindu mythology]]
| creator = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
| developer = Siddharth Kumar Tewary
| writer = Mihir Bhuta Medha Jadhav Amol Surve
| director = Jai Prakash Sharma Kiran Gorde
| creative_director = Abhishek Sarkar
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 11
| executive_producer = Abhijit Khade Narendra Mudholkar
| producer = {{unbulleted list|Siddharth Kumar Tewary|Gayatri Gill Tewary|Rahul Kumar Tiwary}}
| location = [[Umargam]], [[Gujarat]]
| cinematography = Sanjay Mishra
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 45 minutes
| company = [[Swastik Productions]]
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|08|22}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2020|09|01}}
}}

'''''Jai Deva Shree Ganesha''''' is a Hindu mythological [[Marathi language|Marathi]] television serial that aired on [[Star Pravah]]. The show launched on the special occasion of [[Ganeshotsav]] 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ganesh Chaturthi special show 'Jai Deva Shree Ganesha' to premiere soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ganesh-chaturthi-special-show-deva-shri-ganesha-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/77286329.cms|access-date=2020-10-20|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

The show was produced by [[Swastik Productions]]. It premiered on 22 August 2020 and went off air on 1 September 2020. The show was a limited series with only 11 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=११ भागांची भव्यदिव्य मालिका ‘देवा श्री गणेशा’|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/deva-shree-ganesha-new-serial-on-lord-ganesh-ssv-92-2234693/lite/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>

==Plot==
Eleven episodes, eleven vices and one god to protect us. Vighnaharta [[Ganesha]] teaches us the art of living and the way of connecting life with [[Brahman]]. The show explains the stories behind the birth of Lord Ganesha to the famous curse given to [[Chandra]] Dev. The series also shows the famous competition held between Lord [[Kartikeya]] and Ganesha, and the grandeur wedding ceremony of [[Vinayaka]] with goddesses [[Riddhi]] and [[Consorts of Ganesha|Siddhi]].

==Cast==
===Main===
* Adwait Kulkarni as Lord [[Ganesha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's how actor Advait Kulkarni transformed into Ganpati Bappa for 'Jai Deva Shree Ganesha', watch - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/heres-how-actor-advait-kulkarni-transformed-into-ganpati-bappa-for-deva-shree-ganesha-watch/articleshow/77855486.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Advait Kulkarni to play Lord Ganesh in 'Deva Shree Ganesha' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actor-advait-kulkarni-to-play-lord-ganesh-in-deva-shree-ganesha/articleshow/77520244.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
** Ajinkya Thakur as Elder Lord [[Ganesha]]
* [[Bhagyashree Mote]] as Devi [[Parvati]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actress Bhagyashree Mote to play Goddess Parvati in upcoming TV show Jai Deva Shree Ganesha - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actress-bhagyashree-mote-to-play-goddess-parvati-in-upcoming-tv-show-deva-shri-ganesha/articleshow/77415618.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhagyashree Mote leaves fans awed with stunning look from the upcoming special show 'Jai Deva Shree Ganesha'; see pics - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bhagyashree-mote-leaves-fans-awed-with-stunning-look-from-the-upcoming-special-show-deva-shri-ganesha-see-pics/articleshow/77507798.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Pankaj Vishnu as lord [[Shiva]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Pankaj Vishnu to play Shiv Shankar in Jai Deva Shree Ganesha - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actor-pankaj-vishnu-to-play-shiv-shankar-in-deva-shree-ganesha/articleshow/77541808.cms|access-date=2020-10-21|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

===Recurring===
* Divesh Medge as younger Lord [[Kartikeya]]
** [[Rushiraj Pawar]] as Elder Lord [[Kartikeya]]
* Tushar Kawale as Lord [[Vishnu]]
* Anuja Choudhary as Devi [[Lakshmi]]
* Vedant Ranade as Lord [[Brahma]]
* Vaidehee Sawant as Devi [[Saraswati]]
* Akshay Milind Dandekar as [[Nandi (mythology)|Nandi]]
* Tanmaya Katvi as Lord [[Indra]]
* Suhrud Wardekar as Lord [[Chandra]]
* Aayushree Sangle as [[Consorts of Ganesha|Siddhi]] Devi
** Mayuri Kapadane as Elder [[Consorts of Ganesha|Siddhi]] Devi
* Ketki Kulkarni as [[Consorts of Ganesha|Riddhi]] Devi
** Saili Dhurve as Elder [[Consorts of Ganesha|Riddhi]] Devi
* Akanksha Pingale as Devi [[Devasena]]
** Rutuja Limaye as Elder [[Devasena]]
* Vipin Borate as Rishi [[Parashara]]
* Prayag as [[Bhringi]] Maharaj
* [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]] as Lord [[Krishna]]

==Production==
The series was broadcast during the 11 days of [[Ganeshotsav]] 2020. Its producer was [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]], who was associated with the series ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' and ''[[RadhaKrishn]]''. A grand set was made for the series in [[Umargam]]. [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]] who played the role of lord [[Krishna]] in Swastik's famous show [[RadhaKrishn]], reprised his role in this series.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/jai-deva-shree-ganesha/1260040278 ''Jai Deva Shree Ganesha''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920211937/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/jai-deva-shree-ganesha/1260040278 |date=20 September 2021 }} at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:Indian television series about Hindu deities]]
[[Category:Swastik Productions television series]]
[[Category:Ganesha in popular culture]]

Lagumenahalli, Bengaluru East

2025-07-23T15:12:21Z

TessaLovins0: data.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lagumenahalli, Bengaluru East
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0766622|N|77.7373097|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bangalore]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Bangalore East (Taluk)|Bangalore East]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 306
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 561203
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 080
| registration_plate = KA 53
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Legislative Assembly]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Mahadevapura Assembly constituency]]<ref name="174_Mahadevapura">{{cite web|url=https://ceo.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/56331647503263.pdf|title="174-Mahadevapura : BLO Details"|accessdate=2025-02-24|archive-date=17 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517042839/https://ceo.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/56331647503263.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Lagumenahalli''' is a village in the southern Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. It is located in the [[Bangalore East (Taluk)]] taluka of the [[Bangalore Urban district]]. The village lies approximately 12 km from [[Krishnarajapuram]] and about 13 km from [[Hoskote]]. According to 2009 data, [[Mandur, Bengaluru East]] serves as the gram panchayat for Lagumenahalli.<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder|title=2011 census of India Village: Lagumenahalli|accessdate=2025-02-24}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Based on data from the [[2011 census of India]], Lagumenahalli has the village code 613096 and covers an area of 32.37 hectares. The village has a population of 306 residents, comprising 163 males and 143 females. Its overall literacy rate is 54.58%, with literacy rates of 62.58% for males and 45.45% for females. The settlement comprises approximately 63 houses, and its postal code is 561203.<ref name="census_2011"/>

==Facilities==
Lagumenahalli has below basic types of facilities.

* KMF ([[Karnataka Milk Federation]]) Dairy
* Lagumenahalli Lake

==Places of Worship==
* Hanuman Temple
* Sri Muneshwara Temple
* Laxmi Narshimha Temple

==See also==
* [[Hancharahalli]]
* [[Nimbekaipura]]
* [[Huskur, Bengaluru East|Huskur]]
* [[Bommenahalli, Bengaluru East|Bommenahalli]]
* [[Raghuvanahalli, Bengaluru East|Raghuvanahalli]]
* [[Jyothipura, Bengaluru East|Jyothipura]]

==References==
*Book: Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A. Village & town directory ; B. Village & townwise primary census abstract, Publisher: University of Minnesota, Contributor:India. Director of Census Operations, Karnataka
*Book: The Mysore Gazette, 1962
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/

{{Settlements in Bangalore Urban district}}
{{Bangalore Urban district}}

[[Category:Villages in Bengaluru Urban district]]

{{Bangalore-geo-stub}}

Ward No. 23, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

2025-07-15T20:52:07Z

TessaLovins0: basic adjust article for accuracy further and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement



|name = Ward No. 23 
|official_name =
|other_name =
|native_name = 
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Kolkata Municipal Corporation
|total_type = 
|motto =

|image_skyline =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=India/West Bengal/Kolkata/Ward No. 23, KMC.map}}
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 23
|pushpin_map = India Kolkata
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{IND}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = City
|subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]
|subdivision_type3 = Neighbourhoods covered
|subdivision_name3 = [[Posta, Burrabazar|Posta]], [[Jorasanko]]
|subdivision_type4 = Reservation
|subdivision_name4 = Open
|subdivision_type5 = Parliamentary constituency
|subdivision_name5 = [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
|subdivision_type6 = Assembly constituency
|subdivision_name6 = [[Jorasanko (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jorasanko]]

|seat_type = Borough
|seat = 4
|parts_type =
|parts_style = 
|parts = 
|p1 =
|p2 = 

|government_footnotes =
|government_type = [[Mayor-Council]]
|governing_body = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]]
|leader_title = Councillor
|leader_name = Vijay Ojha
|leader_party =
|leader_title1 = Party
|leader_name1 = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|established_title = 
|established_date =

|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 
|area_land_km2 = 
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_percent =

|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =
|elevation_max_m =
|elevation_min_m =

|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 18,256
|population_density_km2 = 

|timezone = IST
|utc_offset = +5:30
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coor_type = 
|coordinates = {{coord|22.584667|N|88.356667|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[West Bengal]]}}|display=inline,title}}

|postal_code_type = PIN
|postal_code = 700 007
|area_code = +91 33
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Ward No. 23, Kolkata Municipal Corporation''' is an administrative division of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] in Borough No. 4, covering parts of [[Posta, Burrabazar|Posta]] and [[Jorasanko]] neighbourhoods in [[North Kolkata]], in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
Attempts were made to establish a municipal corporation at Kolkata from the middle of the 19th century. The electoral system was introduced for the first time in 1847, and 4 of the 7 board members were elected by the rate payers. In 1852 the board was replaced by a new one and in 1863 a new body was formed. As per old records, in 1872 there were 25 wards in Kolkata (spellings as in use at that time) – 1. Shyampukur, 2. Kumartuli, 3. Bartala, 4. Sukea Street, 5. Jorabagan, 6. Jorasanko, 7. Barabazar, 8. Kolutola, 9. Muchipara, 10. Boubazar, 11. Padmapukur, 12. Waterloo Street, 13. Fenwick Bazar, 14. Taltala, 15. Kalinga, 16. Park Street, 17. Victoria Terrace, 18. Hastings, 19. Entali, 20. Beniapukur, 21. Baliganj-Tollyganj, 22. Bhabanipur, 23. Alipur, 24.Ekbalpur and 25. Watganj. A new municipal corporation was created in 1876, wherein 48 commissioners were elected and 24 were appointed by the government. With the implementation of the Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 the area under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation was enlarged. Certain areas were already there but more parts of them were added (current spellings) - Entally, Manicktala, Beliaghata, Ultadanga, Chitpur, Cossipore, Beniapukur, Ballygunge, Watganj and Ekbalpur, and Garden Reach and Tollygunj. The Calcutta Municipal Act of 1923 brought about important changes. It liberalised the constitution along democratic lines.<ref>Bagchi, Amiya Kumar, ''Wealth and Work in Calcutta, 1860-1921'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, edited by [[Sukanta Chaudhuri]], p. 213-215, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-19-563696-3}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KMCAboutKolkataHome.jsp|title= A walk down memory lane | work= About Kolkata | publisher= KMC|access-date = 16 February 2018}}</ref>

The state government superseded the Corporation in 1948 and the Calcutta Municipal Act of 1951 came into force. Adult franchise was introduced in municipal elections in 1962. With the addition of certain areas in the southern parts of the city, the number of wards increased from 75 to 144.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/MunicipalHistoryHome.jsp|title= Kolkata Municipal Corporation | work= Kolkata - a municipal history | publisher= KMC|access-date = 16 February 2018}}</ref>

==Geography==
Ward No. 23 is bounded on the north by Kalikrishna Tagore Street; on the east Rabindra Sarani; on the south by Bartala Street; and on the west by Jag Mohan Mallick and Kalakar Street.<ref>Kolkata: Detail Maps of 141 Wards with Street Directory. D.P.Publications & Sales Concern, 66 College Street, Kolkata-700073, 4th edition 2003.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/mwards.html |title= Municipal Wards| publisher= Yellow Pages.com|access-date = 3 April 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Ward no. 23 in Kolkata Municipal Corporation.svg|thumb|Location of Ward No. 23 in Kolkata Ward Map]]

The ward is served by [[Posta, Burrabazar#Police district|Posta]] police station of [[Kolkata Police Force|Kolkata Police]].<ref name="police">{{cite web| url = http://kolkatapolice.gov.in/division.asp?ID=1&Division=C |title = Kolkata Police |work = Central Division | publisher= KP| access-date = 5 March 2018}}</ref><ref>Kolkata: Detail Maps of 141 Wards with Street Directory, Fourth Impression 2003, Map No. 13, D.P.publication and Sales Concern, 66 College Street, Kolkata - 700 073.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title= Table 3 District Wise List of Statutory Towns (Municipal Corporation, Municipality, Notified Area and Cantonment Board), Census Towns and Outgrowths, West Bengal, 2001 |access-date= 12 February 2018 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163402/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

[[Taltala#Police district|Taltala Women police station]] covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the [[Divisions of Kolkata Police|Central division]] of Kolkata Police, i.e. Bowbazar, Burrabazar, Girish Park, Hare Street, Jorasanko, Muchipara, New Market, Taltala and Posta.<ref name="police"/>

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Ward No. 23, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 18,256, of which 10,901 (60%) were males and 7,355 (40%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,032. The total number of literates in Ward No. 23 was 13,459 (78.14% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 June 2016 }}</ref>

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1916_PART_B_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII B |work = Page 25: District Highlights, 2011 Census | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}</ref> The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1916_PART_A_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 63-64: Literacy Rate | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}</ref>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in KMC wards|collapsible=y}}
Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see [[Kolkata district#Demographics|Kolkata district]].

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1916_PART_A_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map on third page plus demographic data about all the wards in the handbook | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}</ref>

==List of councillors==
The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of [[Jorasanko Assembly constituency]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 8 April 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election!!Councillor!!colspan=2|Party
|-
|2005||Bharati Jha||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<ref>Search the web for COUNCILLORS OF KOLKATA MUNICITIPAL CORPORATION. In the search list click on this item. On clicking one gets an option for "List of KMC Councillors" at the bottom of the page. Press <Open> to get to Adobe Acrobat file.</ref>
|-
|2010||rowspan=3|Vijay Ojha||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbsec.gov.in/(S(csnkqo55bqu3de55qcptl2ib))/Municipal/Detailed_Mun_KMC.aspx |title= Kolkata Municipal Corporation General Election Results 2010| publisher= Government of West Bengal |access-date = 3 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|-
|[[2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election|2021]]
|}

==Election results==
===2021===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election]]: Ward No. 23<ref name="2021 KMC & 2022 WB local election results">{{cite web|url=https://portal.wbme.org/|title=2021 KMC & 2022 West Bengal local election results|work=SEC West Bengal|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Vijay Ojha
|votes = 4,356
|percentage = 67.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sanmarwal Agarwal
|votes = 1,143
|percentage = 17.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Uttam Kumar Sonkar
|votes = 670
|percentage = 10.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Dhirendra Kumar Pandey
|votes = 153
|percentage = 2.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Binod Sonkar
|votes = 52
|percentage = 0.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Remaining Independent Candidates
|votes = ~117
|percentage = 1.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 3,213
|percentage = 49.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 6,491
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Portal|India}}
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata Municipal Corporation wards}}

[[Category:Municipal wards of Kolkata]]

Santhebennur Pushkarini

2025-05-19T04:50:15Z

TessaLovins0: Starting New Details

{{Short description|Historic pond in Karnataka, India}}
{{moresources|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
[[File:Pushkarani.jpg|thumb|Pushkarani]]
[[File:Vasanta Mantapa Santhebennur.jpg|thumb|Vasanta Mantapa, Santhebennur Pushkarini]]
'''Santhebennur Pushkarini''', locally known as '''Santebennur Honda''', is a historic pond in [[Santhebennur]] village in [[Channagiri]] taluk of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>[https://davanagere.nic.in/en/tourist-place/santhebennur-pushkarani/ Santebennur Pushkarini, davanagere.nic.in]</ref> It was built by a local [[Polygar|palegar]], Kenga Hanumantappa Nayaka, in the 16th century.<ref name=dh>[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/557286/a-masterpiece-stone.html A masterpiece in stone, Deccan Herald, 12 July 2016]</ref>

==History==
In the 16th century AD, Kenga Hanumantappa Nayaka built a temple in this area for his family deity, Lord Rama. He also built the sacred pond in this area.<ref name=dh/> Vasanta Mantapa, a tower at the centre of the pushkarini is believed to be built to commemorate Kenga Hanumantappa Nayaka's victory over the Bahmani rulers of Bijapur. In the 17th century, the army of Bijapur invaded Santhebennur. Ranadullakhan, the commander of Bijapur, along with his followers Pattekhan and Faridkhan, constructed a [[musafirkhana]] (a rest house for travellers) on the bank of the pond. Later he also built a mosque in the area.

==Construction==
Pushkarini has a length of {{convert|250|feet}} and width of {{convert|240|feet}}, and the depth is over {{convert|30|feet}}. The sides are lined with granite steps. Originally there were eight towers; only six remain.<ref name=dh/>

At the centre of the pond is Vasantha Mantapa, also known as karanji (fountain) mantapa, a symmetrical pillared tower which is built in Indo-Arabic style of architecture. It is built using granite, brick and mortar.<ref name=ie>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/dec/06/davangeres-vasantha-mantapa-on-the-brink-of-collapse-due-to-official-apathy-2232662.html Davangere's Vasantha Mantapa on the brink of collapse due to official apathy, New Indian Express, 6 December 2020]</ref> The design of this multi-levelled tower, which covers an area about {{cvt|34|sqft}}, is in such a way that it appears to be floating in water when viewed from the banks of the pond. The arches, vaults and domes of the mantapa are built in the Arabic style of architecture while its columns, pyramidical towers and carvings are built in the Indian style. According to the local people, the water can cover the mantapa to a height of {{convert|10|feet}} when the pond is full.

The Musafirkhana adjacent to the pond is a spacious building {{convert|150|feet}} long and {{convert|40|feet}} wide. It is made of granite stones and displays Muslim architectural style. A large, pillared hall within the building was probably a prayer hall. For sometime, this building was also used a military store.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Davanagere district]]
[[Category:Geography of Davanagere district]]
[[Category:Ponds of India]]

Chintamani, Tiruchirappalli

2025-03-05T03:33:20Z

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{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{unreferenced|date=February 2017}}

'''Chintamani''' is a [[neighbourhood]] of the city of [[Tiruchirappalli]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

{{Tiruchirappalli}}

* ({{coord|10.8357|N|78.6950|E}})

[[Category:Neighbourhoods and suburbs of Tiruchirappalli]]

{{Tiruchirapalli-geo-stub}}

Sriperumbudur taluk

2025-01-29T19:45:55Z

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{{Short description|Taluk of Kanchipuram district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
'''Sriperumbudur taluk''' is a [[taluk]] of [[Kanchipuram district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of [[Sriperumbudur]].

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sriperumbudur
| official_name = Sriperumbudur <ref>{{Cite web|title = Creation order of new Chengalpattu district|url=https://cms.tn.gov.in/cms_migrated/document/GO/revenue_e_428_2019.pdf}}</ref>
| settlement_type = Taluk
| mapframe = Yes
| area_total_km2 = 247.72
| population_total = 154686
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
}}

== References ==

<References/>

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

{{Kanchipuram district}}

[[Category:Taluks of Kanchipuram district]]

Ram Babu Harit

2024-11-23T03:13:33Z

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{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{coi|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr Ram Babu Harit
| image =Drharitdp11.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 02/02/1957
| birth_place = [[Agra, Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Motilal Nehru Medical College]], [[University of Allahabad]]
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Doctor
* Politician
* Businessman
* Philanthropist
* Social Worker}}
| title = Ex- Minister of Health, Ex- MLA
| spouse = Kamlesh Kumari
| parents = Sita Ram Harit and Badami Devi
}}

'''Dr. Ram Babu Harit''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]. Harit was a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Agra West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Agra West constituency]] in [[Agra district]] as [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate.<ref>[http://myneta.info/up2007/candidate.php?candidate_id=676 My Neta]</ref><ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/dhamma-chetna-yatra-b-r-ambedkar-bjp-uttar-pradesh-polls-dalit-outreach-programme-mathura-aligarh-2945007/ A yatra by Buddhist monks taking BJP across UP]</ref><ref>[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/results/2002.aspx Elections UP]</ref><ref>[https://www.patrika.com/news/agra/pm-modi-will-address-parivartan-yatra-rally-in-gic-ground-agra-on-20th-november-1442753 PM Modi rally]</ref><ref>[https://nirankarifoundation.org/sncf-joins-ndtv-swachh-banega-india/ Swachcha Bharat]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harit, Ram Babu}}
[[Category:Politicians from Agra]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1993–1996]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2002–2007]]

Hanuman Mandir

2024-08-26T20:42:07Z

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'''Hanuman Mandir''' may refer to these Hindu [[Mandir|mandirs]] (temples) dedicated to the Hindu deity [[Hanuman]] in India:

* [[Hanuman Temple, Connaught Place]], New Delhi
* [[Mahavir Mandir]], in Patna, Bihar
* [[Shri Hanuman Mandir, Sarangpur]], in Gujarat

==See also==
*[[Hanuman Temple (disambiguation)]]
*[[Hanuman (disambiguation)]]
*[[Shri Hanuman Mandir Dharamshala]], a school in Jalgaon, West Bengal, India

{{disambiguation}}

Sapjuri

2024-07-26T16:58:57Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Issues|
{{Cleanup rewrite|it needs encyclopedia sections for the location, such as History, Geography, Education, Notable people, Demographics, etc.|article|date=August 2023}}
{{One source|date=July 2024}}
}}
'''Sapjuri''' is a small village in [[Golaghat district]] situated five kilometres away from [[Bokakhat]], [[Assam]] and the [[National Highway 37 (India)|NH 37]] running through its heart. It is surrounded by two huge ranges of tea gardens, one being Lotabari Tea Estate, under [[Tata Tea]]. The other being Methoni Tea Estate, which is also under the same company.

The name Sapjuri is derived from two different [[Assamese language|Assamese]] words 'Saap' and 'Juri' which means a small stream with many living snakes. However, the stream no longer exists nor do the snakes, unless the nearby Kaziranga forest range gets hit by flood.

Being a small village, it does has a government school where aspirant can pursue education till 10th standard named as 'Difloo Pathar High School'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schools in Sapjuri Cluster {{!}} List of Schools in Sapjuri Cluster, Golaghat District (Assam) |url=https://schools.org.in/assam/golaghat/west/sapjuri |website=schools.org.in |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref> If one is moving from Bokakhat to Sapjuri, one would see the [[Lord Shiva]] Temple at the border of this area along with Lambu Dhaba, which is very famous in the locality after which comes a bridge which exists because of the place's origin, it was provided for the extinct water stream filled with snakes. After the bridge, it is partly residential and partly shopping space after which starts the never ending range of tea gardens of Methoni Tea Estate towards the right and the high school towards the left. After that it is the village's panchayat office along with the Sapjuri general field for the sportsmen, this field is converted to a highly crowded market every Monday, known as Monday Sapjuri Market. Also, Sapjuri has a base camp for [[Indian Army]] a few hundred metres away from the market, after which the village reaches its other border and starts another area known as [[Borjuri]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Villages in Golaghat district]]

IIFA Award

2024-04-23T18:21:01Z

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#REDIRECT [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]

Punadra State

2024-03-23T14:09:33Z

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#REDIRECT [[Punadra#History]]

Diploma Entrance Test Odisha

2024-03-07T22:05:29Z

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'''Diploma Entrance Test, Odisha'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Diploma Entrance Test |url=http://detodisha.nic.in/AppForm/indexc.aspx |website=DET Orissa |publisher=NIC |accessdate=30 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611190613/http://detodisha.nic.in/AppForm/indexc.aspx |archivedate=11 June 2015 }}</ref> is a complete state government controlled centralised entrance examination for getting admission to many government & private diploma engineering schools or [[Institute of technology|polytechnics]] in [[Odisha]]. Students can get admission to [[Diploma|Diploma Engineering]], Diploma Non-Engineering like Hotel Management, Hospitality management & Film Making studies etc. after 10th, ITI & +2 Science.

== Examination Procedure ==
Candidates can appear in this examination after 10th, ITI or after +2 science. There is two types of admission done in this process. First one is freshers for getting admission to first semester or first year & another one is lateral entry, that is after ITI or +2 Science getting admission to second year or third semester. For freshers students the test is based on general Science & Mathematics, but for lateral students the test prospective is harder than the freshers students. Also the lateral students have only 20% over the whole seats and no [[Reservation in India|reservation quota]] is available for them.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://detodisha.nic.in/Document/DET-2015%20INF%20BROCH_Entrance_4-3-2015%20(2).pdf|title = DET-2015 Information Broucher|website = DET Orissa|publisher = NIC|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150413003412/http://detodisha.nic.in/Document/DET-2015%20INF%20BROCH_Entrance_4-3-2015%20%282%29.pdf|archivedate = 2015-04-13}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dtetorissa.gov.in/DTET Official Website]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.

{{Standardized tests in India}}

[[Category:Standardised tests in India]]
[[Category:Education in Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]